WO2013166821A1 - 一种城市生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离*** - Google Patents

一种城市生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013166821A1
WO2013166821A1 PCT/CN2012/085408 CN2012085408W WO2013166821A1 WO 2013166821 A1 WO2013166821 A1 WO 2013166821A1 CN 2012085408 W CN2012085408 W CN 2012085408W WO 2013166821 A1 WO2013166821 A1 WO 2013166821A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drum screen
screen
collection device
hanging
drum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085408
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树众
赵军
陈林
孟海鱼
王龙飞
李学东
Original Assignee
西安交通大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 西安交通大学 filed Critical 西安交通大学
Publication of WO2013166821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166821A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
    • B07B1/22—Revolving drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/50—Cleaning
    • B07B1/55—Cleaning with fluid jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B69/0008—Opening and emptying bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/50—Cleaning
    • B07B1/52—Cleaning with brushes or scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2210/00—Specific aspects of the packaging machine
    • B65B2210/10—Means for removing bridges formed by the material or article, e.g. anti-clogging devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of urban domestic garbage disposal, in particular to a large-length sorting and separating device for urban domestic garbage, in particular to an automatic, mechanized and intelligent sorting device for separating fabrics from plastics.
  • landfill, composting and incineration are mainly used in China's garbage disposal.
  • Landfills are prone to produce landfill gas rich in CH4, causing explosions, and a large amount of landfill leachate, which contains heavy metals, toxic and harmful organic chemical pollutants and a large number of viral pathogens.
  • waste plastics When using municipal incineration to treat municipal solid waste, since domestic garbage contains plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene resin (PS), waste plastics will not only be produced when burned. Smoke and foul odor are also highly prone to toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and the highly toxic carcinogen "dioxin". "Dioxin" is difficult to monitor online and has a serious cumulative effect. It is suspended in the air for a long time. As the air is inhaled into the human body and it is extremely difficult to be discharged, when the "dioxin" in the body reaches a certain level, it will cause serious skin damage. The disease has strong carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and also has reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity and endocrine toxicity. During the garbage disposal process, the following problems remain to be solved:
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a sorting and separating system for large long strips in municipal solid waste, which is suitable for the field of comprehensive waste treatment.
  • a sorting and separating system for large long strips in municipal solid waste, which is suitable for the field of comprehensive waste treatment.
  • it is mainly mechanized and refined sorting of plastics in fabrics and strips.
  • a long strip sorting and separating system for domestic garbage comprising a two-stage drum screen, a biaxial shear crusher, a blower, a fabric collecting device and a plastic collecting device;
  • the two-stage drum screen comprises a fixed frame and a drum screen mounted on the fixed frame, the drum screen comprises a drum screen inlet section and a drum screen outlet section;
  • the drum screen inlet section has a plurality of bag cutters on the inner wall;
  • the drum screen outlet section is provided with a plurality of long strips a hanging device, a long strip collecting device is installed in the outlet section of the drum screen, and a rear end of the long strip collecting device protrudes from the outlet portion of the drum screen to the upper end of the biaxial shear crusher, and the blower is placed in the double
  • the output of the shaft shear crusher, the fabric collecting device and the plastic collecting device are located in the lower part of the biaxial shearing crusher; the fabric collecting device is closer to the air outlet of the blower than the plastic collecting device.
  • the two-stage drum screen further comprises a drum screen driving device; a feeding port is installed at the inlet of the inlet portion of the drum screen, and a sieve material collecting device is arranged below the drum screen; the inlet portion of the drum screen and the outlet of the drum screen a plurality of sieve holes are arranged in a circumferential direction of the segment, and a knife-clearing device matched with the bag-breaking knife is arranged in the inlet portion of the drum screen; and a clear hole for cleaning the sieve hole is provided on an outer circumference of the inlet portion of the drum screen and the outlet portion of the drum screen
  • the apparatus includes: three rows of mounting hook chains.
  • the three rows of hanging needle chains comprise a first hanging chain, a second hanging chain and a third hanging chain; the first hanging chain, the second hanging chain and the third hanging chain are respectively provided with a plurality of hanging Needle; first hanging chain and second hanging
  • the pitch of the needle chain is 0.1D, and the distance between the second hanging chain and the third hanging chain is 0.12D respectively; the first hanging chain and the second hanging chain are located at the center of the roller screen, and the third hanging chain is located The other side of the drum screen center; the third hook chain is 0.07D away from the center of the drum; the length of the needle is 0.25D, where D is the diameter of the drum screen.
  • the air outlet of the air blower has an angle of 5 ° -10 ° from the horizontal direction.
  • the bag cutter is attached to the steel plate, and the steel plate is mounted on the inner wall circumference of the inlet portion of the trommel in an embedded manner.
  • the angle between the broken bag drum screen and the horizontal direction is 3° to 8°.
  • the bag cutter has a quadrangular pyramid shape with one side perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bag cutter.
  • the knife device is fixed to the disc in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the bag cutter.
  • the hanging chain includes a moving member and a fixed member; a plurality of hanging pins are mounted on the moving member, and the fixed member guides the moving member.
  • the sorting and separating device for large long strips in municipal solid waste according to the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the design long strip lifting device and the long strip collecting device are located in the drum screen, wherein three long strip collecting devices are arranged in the middle of the broken bag drum screen, and the hook of the long strip picking device is rotated by the rotating screen The garbage is thrown up, the large long strips are hung on the hanging needle of the long strip collecting device, and the long strip lifting device pushes the long strip out of the drum screen;
  • the shape of the bag cutter is a quadrangular pyramid, and one side thereof is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bag cutter, which improves the bag breaking efficiency of the bag cutter.
  • the long strip collecting device is composed of a first hanging chain, a second hanging chain and a third hanging chain three-row hanging needle chain, and each hanging needle chain is provided with a hanging needle. Since the domestic garbage is parabolic in the fall, by calculation, three rows of hanging needle chains are used, and the distance between the first hanging chain and the second hanging chain, the second hanging chain and the third hanging chain are 0.1D, 0.12, respectively.
  • the first hanging chain and the second hanging chain are located on one side of the center of the drum screen, and the third hanging chain is located on the other side of the center of the drum; the third hanging chain is 0.07D away from the center of the roller, and the length of the hanging needle is 0.25D , where D is the diameter of the drum. According to this arrangement, the long strip collection device has the highest collection efficiency and the best economic effect.
  • the sorting and separating device of the long strips in the municipal solid waste by using the sorting and separating device of the long strips in the municipal solid waste, the large strips in urban life can be effectively sorted and the fabrics and plastics among the long strips can be separated. To realize the resource utilization of large strips in garbage, and there is no secondary pollution.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a large strip sorting and separating device in a domestic garbage according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a left side view of the two-stage drum screen in FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a right side view of the two-stage drum screen of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the moving member and the fixing member of the hanging chain needle
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the broken bag cutter
  • Figure 6 is a view from another perspective of the bag cutter shown in Figure 5.
  • the invention relates to a large long strip sorting and separating system for urban domestic garbage, which comprises a two-stage drum screen, a long strip picking device 501, a biaxial shear crusher 9, a blower 12, a fabric collecting device. 11 and a plastic collecting device 10.
  • the drum screen comprises an interconnected drum screen inlet section 1 and a drum screen outlet section 5;
  • the feed opening 2 is installed at the inlet of the drum screen inlet section 1,
  • the drum screen a sieve collecting device is arranged below, and a plurality of mesh holes 101 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the drum screen inlet section 1 and the drum screen outlet section 5, and a plurality of bag cutters 102 are installed on the circumferential inner wall of the drum screen inlet section 1, and the drum screen inlet section 1 is provided with a knife device 103 matched with the bag cutter 102;
  • the outer periphery of the drum screen inlet section 1 and the drum screen outlet section 5 is provided with a clearing device 6 for cleaning the sieve hole 101;
  • the inner wall is provided with a plurality of long strip picking devices 501, and a long strip collecting device consisting of three rows of hanging needle chains 502, 503, 504 is installed in the drum screen outlet section 5.
  • the angle ⁇ between the trommel and the horizontal direction is 3° to 8°.
  • the bag cutter 102 is spliced on the steel plate 105, and is mounted on the inner wall circumference of the inlet portion 1 of the trommel in an embedded manner.
  • the steel plate 105 having the bag cutter 102 is jacked up by the screw through the screw hole 104, and from one end. The steel plate 105 is taken out for disassembly.
  • Domestic garbage is transported by the material conveyor to the front section of the two-stage drum screen that reaches a certain speed.
  • the domestic waste entering the drum screen rotates along with the drum screen.
  • the domestic garbage is thrown out by the parabolic trajectory, and falls back to the bottom of the sieve, repeating such a process, so that the domestic garbage reaches a state of continuous rolling in the drum.
  • the material with a particle diameter smaller than the diameter of the mesh hole will fall through the sieve hole into the under-collection collecting device, and the material having the diameter larger than the mesh hole is discharged along the wall of the cylinder from the outlet of the lower end of the sieve cylinder, thereby realizing the sieve.
  • the function of the points are the function of the points.
  • the broken bag knife installed in the front part of the screen cylinder will be plunged into plastic bags, clothes and other materials, and then squeezed, torn, etc. by other materials, plastic bags, clothes, etc.
  • the material is cut through to break the bag and break the clothes.
  • the plastic bag, the clothes, etc. enter the rear section of the two-stage drum screen as the drum screen rotates.
  • a long strip picking device is installed in the circumferential direction of the rear wall of the drum screen, and a long strip collecting and collecting device is installed in the center attachment. After the bag is broken, the plastic bag and the clothes will be picked up by the long lifting device during the process of rotating with the roller screen, after reaching a certain height.
  • a screen cleaning device is installed on the outer wall of the screen cylinder.
  • the clearing device cooperates with the mesh hole.
  • the cleaning device cleans the mesh hole, thereby realizing the clearing function.
  • the working process of the two-stage drum screen is as follows: First, the municipal solid waste enters the inlet section 1 of the two-stage multi-functional drum screen which reaches a certain speed through the feed port 2. The municipal solid waste entering the inlet section 1 of the drum screen rotates along with the drum screen. When the domestic garbage rotates to a certain height, the domestic garbage is thrown out by the parabolic trajectory, and falls back to the bottom of the screen, repeating such a process to make the domestic garbage It is constantly tumbling in the drum.
  • the domestic garbage having a particle diameter smaller than the mesh diameter passes through the sieve hole 101, falls into the undersize collection device 7, and is collected and transported; the material having a particle diameter larger than the diameter of the mesh 101 is from the trommel sieve.
  • the outlet section 5 is discharged, thereby realizing the screening function of materials of different diameters.
  • the bag cutter 102 has a quadrangular pyramid shape with one side perpendicular to the bottom surface of the bag cutter. After the bag is broken, the plastic bag, fabric, etc. enters the drum screen outlet section 5 as the drum screen rotates.
  • a long object picking device 501 is installed in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the drum screen outlet section 5, and a long object collecting and collecting device composed of the hanging chain chains 502, 503, and 504 is also installed inside the drum screen outlet section 5.
  • the plastic bag and the fabric will be picked up by the long strip picking device 501 during the rotation with the drum screen, and after reaching a certain height, it will slide down to the long strip collecting device, because the long strip collecting device has The width of the hanging needle, so only the soft strips of material are hung on the long strip collection device.
  • the plastic hanging on the long article collecting device is transported to the outside of the drum, thereby realizing the collection and conveying function of the long articles.
  • the inner wall of the drum screen is installed for cleaning.
  • the knife removing device 103 is a disk equipped with a doctor blade.
  • the two scrapers cooperate with a bag cutter 102, and the two scrapers are respectively located on both sides of a bag cutter 102, and the scraper and the bag cutter 102 rotate in opposite directions.
  • the blade on both sides of the bag cutter cleans the plastic garbage wrapped around the bag cutter, thereby realizing the knife clearing function.
  • a screen cleaning device 6 is installed on the outer wall of the screen cylinder, and the cleaning device 6 is matched with the screen hole. When the screen hole is rotated to the cleaning device 6, the hole is cleaned.
  • the device 6 cleans the sieve holes to realize the clearing function; the cleaning device 6 can select a cleaning device such as a brush.
  • the long strip picking device 501 is located on the inner wall of the drum screen outlet section 5, the front end of the long strip collecting device is located in the drum screen outlet section 5, and the rear end protrudes from the two drum screen outlet section 5 to be placed in the biaxial shearing
  • the upper end of the cutter crusher 9 is fed, the blower 12 is placed at the discharge of the double-shaft shear crusher 9, and the fabric collecting device 11 and the plastic collecting device 10 are located in the double-shaft shearing crusher 9
  • the lower portion; the fabric collecting device 11 is closer to the air outlet of the blower 12 than the plastic collecting device 10.
  • the specific embodiment is as follows: The municipal solid waste enters the two-stage drum screen through the feed port 2, and the bag cutter 102 cuts the garbage bag during the rotation of the two-stage drum screen, and the drum wall exit section 5 is in the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall A long object picking device 501 is installed, and a long object collecting device (502, 503, 504) is installed near the center.
  • the hanging needle chain includes a moving member 505 and a fixed member 506; the moving member 505 is mounted with a plurality of hanging needles, and the fixing member 506 guides the moving member 505, and the hanging needle carries the long strip to move in the axial direction to the drum screen outlet.
  • the moving member 505 moves to the end of the long object collecting device and flips 180 °, enters the drum screen exit portion 5 in the axial direction, and the long object falls to the double-shaft shearing crusher 9, and the cycle is repeated.
  • the large strips collected by the ⁇ collection device fall directly into the biaxial shear fracture Machine 9, large strips of different lengths are broken into block materials, the particle size is basically equal, and the blower 12 is arranged below the discharge port of the double-shaft shear crusher 9 by adjusting the air volume of the blower 12 To achieve the wind speed requirement, properly adjust the angle between the tuyere and the horizontal (5 ° -10 °), blow the fabrics and plastics, the fabrics fall into the fabric collection device 11 near the tuyere, and the plastics fall away from the tuyere.
  • the plastic collecting device 10 realizes the separation of plastic and fabric in the long strip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***，包括两段式滚筒筛、双轴式剪切式破碎机（9）、鼓风机（12）、织物类收集装置（11）和塑料类收集装置（10）；所述两段式滚筒筛包括固定机架（8）和安装在固定机架上的滚筒筛，滚筒筛包括滚筒筛入口段（1）和滚筒筛出口段（5）；滚筒筛入口段（1）内壁设有若干破袋刀（102）；滚筒筛出口段（5）设有若干长条物挑挂装置（501），滚筒筛出口段（5）内安装有长条物收集装置，长条物收集装置的后端伸出滚筒筛出口段（5）至双轴式剪切式破碎机（9）上端进料处，所述鼓风机（12）置于双轴式剪切式破碎机（9）出料处，织物类收集装置（11）和塑料类收集装置（10）位于双轴式剪切式破碎机（9）下部；织物类收集装置（11）较塑料类收集装置（10）更靠近鼓风机（12）的出风口。本***可有效地将垃圾中的长条物分选出来并进行分离，分选可靠，分离准确性高。

Description

一种城市生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***
技术领域
本发明涉及城市生活垃圾处理领域， 特别涉及一种城市生活垃圾中大长 条物分选及分离装置，尤其是一种把织物类与塑料类分离的自动化、机械化、 智能化分选装置。
技术背景
随着国家经济快速发展， 城市生活垃圾产生量急剧增长， 垃圾处理问题 迫在眉睫。 目前我国垃圾处理主要采用填埋法、 堆肥法和焚烧法。 填埋场极 易产生富含 CH4的填埋气， 引起***， 还会产生大量垃圾渗滤液， 其中含有 重金属、 有毒有害的有机化学污染物及大量病毒病原菌。 堆肥法由于垃圾分 类不精细， 塑料、 铁、 玻璃等残留在制肥原料中造成肥料不净， 造成土壤污 染。 利用焚烧法处理城市生活垃圾时， 由于生活垃圾中含有聚乙烯 (PE)、 聚 氯乙烯 (PVC)、聚丙烯 (PP)、聚苯乙烯树脂 (PS)等塑料， 废塑料燃烧时不仅会 产生浓烟和恶臭， 还极易产生具有强烈刺激性的氯化氢等有毒气体和剧毒性 致癌物质 "二噁英"。 "二噁英"难以在线监测且累积效应严重， 久久悬浮于 空气中， 随着空气吸入人体且极难被排出， 当体内的 "二恶英"达到一定含 量后就会导致严重的皮肤损伤性疾病， 具有强烈的致癌、 致畸作用， 同时还 具有生殖毒性、 免疫毒性和内分泌毒性。 垃圾处理过程中， 存在以下问题亟 待解决：
① 热值较高的织物类分选效率很低，大部分分选工艺都没有考虑织物 类的分选； ② 织物类与塑料类直接焚烧带来二次污染，缺乏可靠方法进行织物类 与塑料类的分离。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种城市生活垃圾之中大长条物的分选及分离系 统， 适用于垃圾综合处理领域。 为了达到城市生活垃圾中长条物， 主要是织 物类及长条中的塑料类机械化、 精细化分选。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***， 包括两段式滚筒筛、 双轴式剪 切式破碎机、 鼓风机、 织物类收集装置和塑料类收集装置； 所述两段式滚筒 筛包括固定机架和安装在固定机架上的滚筒筛， 滚筒筛包括滚筒筛入口段和 滚筒筛出口段； 滚筒筛入口段内壁设有若干破袋刀； 滚筒筛出口段设有若干 长条物挑挂装置， 滚筒筛出口段内安装有长条物收集装置， 长条物收集装置 的后端伸出滚筒筛出口段至双轴式剪切式破碎机上端进料处， 所述鼓风机置 于双轴式剪切式破碎机出料处， 织物类收集装置和塑料类收集装置位于双轴 式剪切式破碎机下部； 织物类收集装置较塑料类收集装置更靠近鼓风机的出 风口。
优选的， 所述两段式滚筒筛还包括滚筒筛驱动装置； 滚筒筛入口段的入 口处安装有给料口， 滚筒筛的下方设有筛下物收集装置； 滚筒筛入口段和滚 筒筛出口段的圆周方向上布置有若干筛孔， 滚筒筛入口段内设有与所述破袋 刀相配合的清刀装置； 滚筒筛入口段和滚筒筛出口段的外周设有清理筛孔的 清孔装置； 所述长条物收集装置包括三排安装挂针链。
优选的， 三排挂针链包括第一挂针链、 第二挂针链和第三挂针链； 第一 挂针链、 第二挂针链和第三挂针链上均设有若干挂针； 第一挂针链和第二挂 针链的间距为 0.1D ，第二挂针链和第三挂针链的间距分别为 0.12D;第一挂 针链和第二挂针链位于滚筒筛中心一侧，第三挂针链位于滚筒筛中心另一侧； 第三挂针链偏离滚筒中心 0.07D; 挂针长度为 0.25D, 其中 D为滚筒筛直径。
优选的， 鼓风机的出风口与水平方向的角度为 5 ° -10° 。
优选的， 破袋刀悍接在钢板上， 钢板采用嵌入的方式安装在滚筒筛入口 段内壁圆周上。
优选的， 破袋滚筒筛与水平方向间夹角为 3°〜8°。
优选的， 破袋刀的形状为四棱锥形， 其一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面。
优选的，清刀装置固定在圆盘上，其转动方向与破袋刀的转动方向相反。 优选的， 挂针链包括动件和定件； 动件上安装有若干挂针， 定件对动件 进行导向。
相对于现有技术， 本发明所述的一种城市生活垃圾中大长条物的分选及 分离装置具有以下优点：
① 设计长条物挑挂装置以及长条物收集装置位于滚筒筛之中，其中三 个长条物收集装置布置于破袋滚筒筛中间， 通过滚筒筛的转动， 长条物挑挂 装置的挂钩将垃圾抛起，大长条物下降过程中挂在长条物收集装置的挂针上， 长条物挑挂装置的推进装置将长条物运出滚筒筛之外；
② 因为生活垃圾含水量高于 50%, 织物类吸水性强于塑料类， 织物类 密度远远大于塑料类， 但因其大小差别较大， 采取双轴式剪切破碎装置可有 效将大长条物破碎为块状物质， 粒径基本相等的条件下利用密度差采用风选 将织物类与塑料类分离。 其中， 鼓风机风口与水平边的角度为 5 ° -10° 。
③ 破袋刀的形状为四棱锥形，其一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面，提高了破 袋刀的破袋效率。 ④ 长条物收集装置由第一挂针链、第二挂针链和第三挂针链三排挂针 链组成， 每条挂针链上都安装有挂针。 由于生活垃圾下落时呈抛物线状， 通 过计算， 采用三排挂针链， 第一挂针链和第二挂针链、 第二挂针链和第三挂 针链的间距分别为 0.1D， 0.12D, 第一挂针链和第二挂针链位于滚筒筛中心 一侧， 第三挂针链位于滚筒筛中心另一侧； 第三挂针链偏离滚筒中心 0.07D, 挂针长度为 0.25D, 其中 D为滚筒直径。 按此布置， 长条物收集装置的收集 效率最高， 经济性效果最好。
综上所述， 利用所述的城市生活垃圾之中大长条物的分选及分离装置， 可以有效地分选城市生活中大长条物并且分离大长条物之中的织物与塑料 类， 实现垃圾中大长条物的资源化利用， 并且绝无二次污染。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一歩详细说明。
图 1为本发明的一种生活垃圾中大长条物分选及分离装置示意图； 图 2为图 1中两段式滚筒筛的左视图；
图 3为图 1中两段式滚筒筛的右视图；
图 4为挂链针的动件与定件的示意图；
图 5为破袋刀示意图；
图 6为图 5所示破袋刀另一视角的视图。
具体实施方式
本发明一种城市生活垃圾中大长条物分选及分离***， 包括两段式滚筒 筛、 长条物挑挂装置 501、 双轴式剪切式破碎机 9、 鼓风机 12、 织物类收集 装置 11和塑料类收集装置 10。 机架 8上的滚筒筛和滚筒筛驱动装置 4; 滚筒筛包括相互连接的滚筒筛入口 段 1和滚筒筛出口段 5 ; 给料口 2安装于滚筒筛入口段 1的入口处， 滚筒筛 的下方设有筛下物收集装置 Ί 滚筒筛入口段 1和滚筒筛出口段 5的圆周方 向上布置有若干筛孔 101， 滚筒筛入口段 1圆周内壁安装有若干破袋刀 102， 滚筒筛入口段 1内设有与所述破袋刀 102相配合的清刀装置 103 ; 滚筒筛入 口段 1和滚筒筛出口段 5的外周设有清理筛孔 101的清孔装置 6; 滚筒筛出 口段 5圆周内壁安装有若干长条物挑挂装置 501， 在滚筒筛出口段 5内安装 有三排挂针链 502、 503、 504组成的长条物收集装置。 滚筒筛与水平方向间 夹角 β为 3°〜8°。 破袋刀 102悍接在钢板 105上， 采用嵌入的方式安装在滚 筒筛入口段 1 内壁圆周上， 拆卸时利用螺杆经螺紋孔 104将悍有破袋刀 102 的钢板 105顶起， 并从一端将钢板 105抽出进行拆卸。
生活垃圾经物料输送机输送到达到一定转速的两段式滚筒筛的前段。 进 入滚筒筛内的生活垃圾跟随滚筒筛一起转动。 当生活垃圾转动达到一定高度 时， 生活垃圾以抛物线的运动轨迹被抛出， 落回到筛底， 重复这样的过程， 使生活垃圾在滚筒内达到不断翻滚的状态。 在不断翻滚的过程中， 粒径小于 筛孔直径的物料将经过筛孔下落到筛下收集装置当中， 粒径大于筛孔直径的 物料则沿着筒壁从筛筒下端出口排出， 从而实现筛分的功能。 在生活垃圾被 抛起下落到滚筒筛底时， 筛筒前段安装的破袋刀将扎进塑料袋、 衣物等物料 中， 再通过其他物料的挤压、 撕扯等作用， 将塑料袋、 衣物等物料划破， 从 而实现破袋、 破衣物的功能。 经破袋后的塑料袋、 衣物等， 随着滚筒筛的转 动进入到两段式滚筒筛的后段。 在滚筒筛的后段筒壁圆周方向上安装有长条 物挑挂装置， 在中心附件安装有长条物收集收集装置。 破袋后的塑料袋和衣 物在随滚筒筛转动的过程当中， 将被长条物挑挂装置挑起， 达到一定高度后 滑落， 下落到长条物收集装置上， 输送到滚筒外， 从而实现了破袋与长条物 的收集功能。 为了防止筛孔被含水量较高的生活垃圾堵塞， 在筛筒的外壁安 装有筛孔清理装置。 清孔装置与筛孔配合， 当筛孔转到清孔装置时， 清孔装 置对筛孔进行清理， 从而现实清孔功能。
两段式滚筒筛的工作流程如下： 首先， 城市生活垃圾经给料口 2进入达 到一定转速的两段式多功能滚筒筛入口段 1。 进入滚筒筛入口段 1的城市生 活垃圾跟随滚筒筛一起转动， 当生活垃圾转动达到一定高度时， 生活垃圾以 抛物线的运动轨迹被抛出， 落回到筛底， 重复这样的过程， 使生活垃圾在滚 筒内处于不断翻滚的状态。 在不断翻滚的过程中， 粒径小于筛孔直径的生活 垃圾穿过筛孔 101， 下落到筛下物收集装置 7中， 被收集运走； 粒径大于筛 孔 101直径的物料则从滚筒筛出口段 5排出， 从而现实不同径粒的物料的筛 分功能。 在生活垃圾被抛起下落到滚筒筛底时， 滚筒筛入口段 1内壁圆周上 安装的破袋刀 102将扎进塑料袋、 织物等物料中， 再通过其他物料的挤压、 撕扯等作用， 将塑料袋、 衣物等物料划破， 从而实现破袋、 破织物的功能。 破袋刀 102的形状为四棱锥形， 其一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面。 经破袋后的塑 料袋、织物等， 随着滚筒筛的转动进入到滚筒筛出口段 5。在滚筒筛出口段 5 内壁圆周方向上安装有长条物挑挂装置 501， 在滚筒筛出口段 5内部还安装 有由挂针链 502、 503、 504组成的长条物收集收集装置。 破袋后的塑料袋和 织物在随滚筒筛转动的过程中， 将被长条物挑挂装置 501挑起， 达到一定高 度后滑落到长条物收集装置上，由于长条物收集装置为具有限定宽度的挂针， 因此只有较软的长条类物质挂在长条物收集装置上。 挂在长条物收集装置上 的塑料被输送到滚筒外， 从而实现了长条物的收集输送功能。 为了防止破袋 刀 102在破袋的过程中被塑料类物质缠绕， 在滚筒筛内壁安装有用于清理破 袋刀的清刀装置 103。 清刀装置 103为装有刮刀的圆盘。 清刀装置 103上， 两把刮刀与一把破袋刀 102配合，两把刮刀分别位于一把破袋刀 102的两侧， 刮刀与破袋刀 102的转动方向相反。 当破袋刀 102转动到清刀装置 103刮刀 的位置时， 破袋刀两侧的刮刀就将缠绕在破袋刀上的塑料类垃圾清理下来， 从而实现清刀功能。 为了防止筛孔 101被含水量较高的生活垃圾堵塞， 在筛 筒的外壁安装有筛孔清理装置 6， 清孔装置 6与筛孔配合， 当筛孔转动到清 孔装置 6时， 清孔装置 6对筛孔进行清理， 从而现实清孔功能； 清孔装置 6 可以选择毛刷一类清孔装置。
所述长条物挑挂装置 501位于滚筒筛出口段 5的内壁上， 长条物收集装 置前端位于滚筒筛出口段 5之中， 后端伸出两滚筒筛出口段 5置于双轴式剪 切式破碎机 9上端进料处，所述鼓风机 12置于双轴式剪切式破碎机 9出料处， 织物类收集装置 11和塑料类收集装置 10位于双轴式剪切式破碎机 9下部； 织物类收集装置 11较塑料类收集装置 10更靠近鼓风机 12的出风口。
具体实施方式如下： 城市生活垃圾经进料口 2进入两段式滚筒筛， 两段 式滚筒筛转动过程中， 破袋刀 102将垃圾袋划破， 滚筒筛出口段 5的筒壁圆 周方向上安装有长条物挑挂装置 501， 在中心附近安装有长条物收集装置 ( 502、 503、 504)。 破袋后的塑料袋和衣物在随两段式滚筒筛转动的过程当 中， 将被长条物挑挂装置 501挑起， 达到一定高度后滑落， 下落到长条物收 集装置 （502、 503、 504 )上， 挂针链包括动件 505和定件 506; 动件 505上 安装有若干挂针， 定件 506对动件 505进行导向， 挂针携带长条物沿轴向运 动至滚筒筛出口段 5外， 动件 505运动至长条物收集装置末端翻转 180 ° 沿 轴向进入滚筒筛出口段 5， 长条物掉落至双轴式剪切式破碎机 9， 周而复始，
Figure imgf000009_0001
ί收集装置收集的大长条物直接落入双轴式剪切破碎 机 9， 长度不等大小不一的大长条物被破碎为块状物质， 其粒径基本均等， 在双轴式剪切式破碎机 9出料口下方布置鼓风机 12， 通过调节鼓风机 12风 量实现风速要求， 适当调节风口与水平的角度（5 ° -10° )， 将织物类与塑料 类吹开， 织物类落入靠近风口处的织物类收集装置 11， 塑料类落入远离风口 处的塑料类收集装置 10， 实现了大长条物中塑料与织物的分离。

Claims

权利要求书
1、一种生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***， 其特征在于， 包括两段式滚 筒筛、 双轴式剪切式破碎机（9)、 鼓风机（12)、 织物类收集装置 （11)和塑 料类收集装置（10);所述两段式滚筒筛包括固定机架和安装在固定机架上的 滚筒筛， 滚筒筛包括滚筒筛入口段 （1) 和滚筒筛出口段 （5) ； 滚筒筛入口 段 （1) 内壁设有若干破袋刀 （102); 滚筒筛出口段 （5) 设有若干长条物挑 挂装置（501)， 滚筒筛出口段（5) 内安装有长条物收集装置， 长条物收集装 置的后端伸出滚筒筛出口段 （5) 至双轴式剪切式破碎机 （9) 上端进料处， 所述鼓风机（ 12)置于双轴式剪切式破碎机（9)出料处，织物类收集装置（ 11 ) 和塑料类收集装置（10)位于双轴式剪切式破碎机（9)下部； 织物类收集装 置 （11) 较塑料类收集装置 （10) 更靠近鼓风机 （12) 的出风口。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***，其特征在 于， 所述两段式滚筒筛还包括滚筒筛驱动装置 （4);
滚筒筛入口段（1)的入口处安装有给料口 （2)， 滚筒筛的下方设有筛下 物收集装置 （7);
滚筒筛入口段 （1) 和滚筒筛出口段 （5) 的圆周方向上布置有若干筛孔 (101)， 滚筒筛入口段 （1) 内设有与所述破袋刀 （102) 相配合的清刀装置 (103)；
滚筒筛入口段（1)和滚筒筛出口段（5) 的外周设有清理筛孔（101) 的 清孔装置 （6);
所述长条物收集装置包括三排安装挂针链 （502、 503、 504)。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***，其特征在 于，三排挂针链包括第一挂针链 (504)、第二挂针链 (503)和第三挂针链 (502); 第一挂针链 （504)、 第二挂针链 （503) 和第三挂针链 （502) 上均设有若干 挂针； 第一挂针链 （504) 和第二挂针链 （503) 的间距为 0.1D ， 第二挂针 链 （503) 和第三挂针链 （502) 的间距分别为 0.12D; 第一挂针链 （504) 和 第二挂针链 （503) 位于滚筒筛中心一侧， 第三挂针链 （502) 位于滚筒筛中 心另一侧； 第三挂针链 （502) 偏离滚筒中心 0.07D; 挂针长度为 0.25D, 其 中 D为滚筒筛直径。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***，其特征在 于， 鼓风机 （12) 的出风口与水平方向的角度为 5° -10° 。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离***，其特征在 于， 破袋刀 （102)焊接在钢板（105)上， 钢板（105)采用嵌入的方式安装 在滚筒筛入口段 （1) 内壁圆周上。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的长条物分选及分离***， 其特征在于， 破袋滚 筒筛与水平方向间夹角为 3°~8°。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的长条物分选及分离***， 其特征在于， 破袋刀 的形状为四棱锥形， 其一侧面垂直于破袋刀底面。
8、根据权利要求 2所述的长条物分选及分离***， 其特征在于， 清刀装 置 （103) 固定在圆盘上， 其转动方向与破袋刀 （102) 的转动方向相反。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的长条物分选及分离***， 其特征在于， 挂针链 包括动件（505)和定件（506); 动件（505)上安装有若干挂针， 定件（506) 对动件 （505) 进行导向。
PCT/CN2012/085408 2012-05-07 2012-11-28 一种城市生活垃圾中长条物分选及分离*** WO2013166821A1 (zh)

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