WO2013160148A2 - Procédés de codage et de décodage à échelonnabilité spatiale et dispositifs correspondants - Google Patents

Procédés de codage et de décodage à échelonnabilité spatiale et dispositifs correspondants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013160148A2
WO2013160148A2 PCT/EP2013/057868 EP2013057868W WO2013160148A2 WO 2013160148 A2 WO2013160148 A2 WO 2013160148A2 EP 2013057868 W EP2013057868 W EP 2013057868W WO 2013160148 A2 WO2013160148 A2 WO 2013160148A2
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Prior art keywords
color space
block
linear color
coding
image
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PCT/EP2013/057868
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English (en)
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WO2013160148A3 (fr
Inventor
Pierre Andrivon
Philippe Bordes
Philippe Salmon
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Thomson Licensing
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
    • H04N19/33—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability in the spatial domain

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the general field of scalable coding of images.
  • the invention relates more specifically to a spatially scalable coding method and device of a high resolution image from an upsampled low resolution image.
  • the invention also relates to the corresponding method and device for decoding.
  • a stream generated by a scalable coding device is divided into several layers: a base layer and one or more enhancement layers. Such devices enable the generation of one unique data stream that adapts to different transmission conditions (bandwidth, error rate, etc.), as well as to the capacities of the reception devices.
  • a spatially scalable coding device encodes a first part of the data relative to low resolution images in a base layer and encodes another part of the data relative to higher resolution images in at least one enhancement layer.
  • the enhancement layer coded data are generally coded taking into account some data from the base layer so as to reduce the redundancy between the low resolution images and the higher resolution images and thus reduce the coding cost.
  • BL images low resolution images
  • EL images higher resolution images
  • BL images thus upsampled are used to predict EL images for the purpose of coding them.
  • BL images are generally subsampled versions of EL images.
  • BL images are generally subsampled from corrected EL images. Hence, the resulting BL images are darker than the EL images from which they derive.
  • This phenomenon is due to the fact that the images are represented in a non linear light color space.
  • This phenomenon is illustrated by the curve of figure 3.
  • the ordinate axis on this curve shows the corrected luminance gamma values according to a power scale and the abscissas axis shows luminance values according to a linear scale. These values were calculated from the recommendations ITU-R BT.709-5 and ITU-R BT. 1361 -1 .
  • This power function concavity implies that a resampling produces a darker image that the original image.
  • This phenomenon also has a tendency of reducing the coding efficiency in the spatially scalable encoders in which EL images use information from the BL images in order to be coded.
  • the invention relates to a spatially scalable coding method, in a video encoder, of a high resolution image from a low resolution image, the images being represented in a non linear color space.
  • the coding method comprises a first transformation step in a linear color space of at least one block of the low resolution image, an upsampling step of the at least one transformed block, a second transformation step in the non linear color space of the at least one upsampled block and a coding step of at least one block of the high resolution image from the at least one transformed upsampled block.
  • the coding method comprises information coding indicating that the upsampling step is applied to a low resolution image block in the linear color space.
  • the coding method further comprises the coding of an item of information specifying the linear color space.
  • the linear color space is the RGB color space.
  • the second transformation step is the inverse step of the first transformation step.
  • the invention also relates to a spatially scalable decoding method, in a video decoder, of a high resolution image from a low resolution image, the images being represented in a non linear color space.
  • the decoding method comprises a first transformation step in a linear color space of at least one block of the low resolution image, an upsampling step of the at least one transformed block, a second transformation step in the non linear color space of the at least one upsampled block and a coding step of at least one block of the high resolution image from the at least one transformed upsampled block.
  • the decoding method comprises the decoding of an item of information indicating that the upsampling step is applied on a low resolution image block in the linear color space.
  • the decoding method further comprises the decoding of an item of information specifying the linear color space.
  • the linear color space is the RGB color space.
  • the second transformation step is the inverse step of the first transformation step.
  • the invention further relates to a spatially scalable coding device of a high resolution image from a low resolution image, the images being represented in a non linear color space.
  • the coding device comprises means for transforming in a linear color space at least one block of the low resolution image, means for upsampling the at least one transformed block, means for transforming in the non linear color space the at least one upsampled block and means for coding at least one block of the high resolution image from the at least one transformed upsampled block.
  • the invention further relates to a spatially scalable decoding device of a high resolution image from a low resolution image, the images being represented in a non linear color space.
  • the decoding device being characterized in that it comprises means for transforming in a linear color space at least one block of the low resolution image, means for upsampling the at least one transformed block, means for transforming in the non linear color space the at least one upsampled block and means for decoding at least one block of the high resolution image from the at least one transformed upsampled block.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a spatially scalable coding device according to the prior art
  • figure 3 represents gamma corrected luminance values in a non linear color space in relation to the corresponding values in a linear color space
  • figure 4 shows a spatially scalable coding method according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a spatially scalable decoding method according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a spatially scalable coding device according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a spatially scalable decoding device according to the invention, 5.
  • a linear color space is a color space in which components are directly proportional to the power of the light.
  • a non linear color space is a color space in which components are not proportional to the power of the light.
  • the color space R'G'B' is the corrected gamma RGB color space.
  • the color space Y'CbCr is a non linear color space. It is the corrected gamma YCbCr color space.
  • BL images are predicted during step 10.
  • the majority of coding/decoding methods for sequences of images use prediction between images (inter-image prediction) or prediction within the image (intra-image prediction).
  • Such a prediction is used to improve the compression of the sequence of images. It comprises determining a prediction image from reference images or from parts of such images stored in a buffer memory and coding the difference, called residue image, between this current image and the prediction image. The more the image is correlated with the current image, the lower is the number of bits required to code the current image and therefore the more effective is the compression.
  • the BL images are coded during step 12.
  • This coding step generally comprises the calculation of a residue image.
  • the residue image is obtained by subtracting pixel by pixel the prediction image, from the image to be coded.
  • the coding step further comprises the image transformation, for instance, using a Discrete Cosine transform (DCT), into coefficients. These coefficients are then quantified and coded by entropy coding, for instance, Variable Length Coding (VLC), Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC).
  • VLC Variable Length Coding
  • CABAC Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
  • the coding step 12 also comprises the coding of an item of motion information (for instance, motion vectors).
  • the invention described for an image can also be applied by image block, each block being predicted, transformed, quantized and coded. It is known that the coding step 12 also comprises the reconstruction of the image or part of the image coded (e.g. a block). This reconstructed image being
  • steps 10 and 12 can implement the standard H.264 described in the ISO/I EC 14496-10 document. According to variants, steps 10 and 12 implement other standards such as MPEG-2, H.263, etc.
  • the invention being in no way limited by the manner in which the BL images are coded.
  • the reconstructed BL image or part of such an image, for instance an image block is transformed in a linear color space.
  • a T function is applied to the reconstructed BL image.
  • the BL image to be coded is generally represented in a non linear color space.
  • the images are stored in a non linear color space, the captured images having been corrected by a non linear function, e.g. in power.
  • the reconstructed BL image is generally represented in the Y'CbCr non linear light color space. According to a first embodiment, this image is transformed in the YCbCr linear color space.
  • the functions that can be used to switch from Y'CbCr to YCbCr are the functions reciprocal to those defined in the document ITU-R BT.709-5 Part 1 Item 1 .2.
  • the image in the Y'CbCr color space is transformed in RGB linear color space.
  • the functions used to switch from Y'CbCr to RGB are the functions reciprocal to those defined in the document ITU-R BT.1361 -5 Table 1 parameter 3.
  • the image in Y'CbCr color space is first transformed in the R'G'B' non linear space thanks to the reciprocal functions defined in document ITU-R BT.1361 - 1 Table 3 Parameter 6 and Annex 2, before being transformed in the RGB linear color space thanks to the reciprocal functions defined in document ITU- R BT.1361 -1 Table 3 Parameter 5.
  • the BL image in the linear color space (respectively a block of the image BL in linear color space) is upsampled to the size of the EL image (respectively to the size of the blocks of the EL image).
  • step 18 the upsampled BL image is again transformed in the non linear color space in which it was located before step 14.
  • an IT function inverse to the one used in step 14 is applied on the upsampled BL image so as to return to the non linear color space.
  • This non linear color space is also the space in which the EL images are represented.
  • EL images are coded.
  • This coding step generally comprises the calculation of a residue image.
  • the residue image is obtained by subtracting pixel by pixel a prediction image from the image to be coded.
  • the prediction image is obtained by inter-image prediction, by intra-image prediction or by inter-layer prediction.
  • the EL image or part of such an image, for instance, a block is predicted from BL images or parts of such upsampled images in the linear color space, and then transformed in the non linear color space, for example, originating from the step 18.
  • some of the blocks can be predicted by inter-image or intra-image prediction when others are predicted by inter-layer prediction.
  • the coding step further comprises the transformation of the residue image, for instance, using a Discrete Cosine transform (DCT), into coefficients. These coefficients are next quantized then coded by entropy coding.
  • the coding step 20 also comprises the coding of an item of motion information (for instance, motion vectors).
  • the invention described for an image can also be applied by block, each block being predicted, transformed, quantized and coded. It is known that the coding step 20 also comprises the reconstruction of the coded image. This reconstructed image being possibly used as a reference image for the coding of another image of the sequence.
  • the coded BL and EL images are multiplexed into a single stream F.
  • the coding method comprises an additional information coding step indicating that the upsampling step 16 is carried out in the linear color space. This indication is used to inform a decoding method of the conditions under which the upsampling takes place.
  • the decoding method can carry out the upsampling in the same conditions as used by the coding method.
  • the coding of such an item of information is particularly useful in the case when the coding method is able to carry out the upsampling in the non linear space or in the linear space.
  • a linear_rescaling_idc flag is used.
  • the coding method comprises an additional information coding step indicating in which linear color space the upsampling is carried out. For example, a linear_rescaling_idc flag is used. When this flag is equal to 0 then the upsampling is carried out in the non linear color space. Otherwise, the value of the flag indicates the linear color space in which the upsampling is carried out.
  • a flag equal to 1 indicates that the linear color space is the RGB color space
  • a flag equal to 2 indicates that the linear color space is YCbCr color space
  • a flag equal to 3 indicates that the linear color space is the XYZ color space.
  • the stream F is demultiplexed into data relative to the BL images and data relative to the EL images.
  • BL images are predicted during a step 30. This step is identical to the step 10 of the coding method.
  • This decoding step generally comprises entropy decoding of the data of the stream F relative to the BL images.
  • the decoding step also comprises the inverse quantization of data originating from entropy decoding, the inverse transformation of dequantized data, for instance using an inverse DCT, into a residue image.
  • the BL image is then reconstructed by adding pixel by pixel the prediction image obtained during the step 30 as well as the residue image.
  • the invention described for an image is generally applied per image block.
  • a step 34 the reconstructed BL image is transformed in the linear color space.
  • a T function is applied to the reconstructed BL image. This step is identical to the step 14 of the coding method.
  • the reconstructed BL image is generally represented in the Y'CbCr non linear light color space. According to a first embodiment, this image is transformed in the YCbCr linear color space.
  • the functions that can be used to switch from Y'CbCr to YCbCr are the functions reciprocal to those defined in the document ITU-R BT.709-5 Part 1 Item 1 .2.
  • the image in the Y'CbCr color space is transformed in RGB linear color space.
  • the functions used to switch from Y'CbCr to RGB are the functions reciprocal to those defined in document ITU- R BT.1361 -1 Table 1 parameter 3.
  • the image in Y'CbCr color space is first transformed in the R'G'B' non linear space thanks to the reciprocal functions defined in document ITU-R BT.1361 -1 Table 3 Parameter 6 and Annex 2, before being transformed in the RGB linear color space thanks to the reciprocal functions defined in document ITU-R BT.1361 - 1 Table 3 Parameter 5.
  • each 2D filter is divided into a 1 D vertical filter and a 1 D horizontal filter, which are successively applied to the columns and lines of a pixel block or of an image. It is not relevant whether to apply first the horizontal filter on the lines then the vertical filter on the columns or conversely to apply first the vertical filter marked SCFH(n,qx) on the columns then the horizontal filter marked SCFN(n,qx) on the lines.
  • the upsampled BL image is again transformed in the non linear color space.
  • an IT function inverse to the one used in step 34 is applied on the upsampled BL image so as to return to the non linear color space.
  • This non linear color space is also the space in which the EL images are represented.
  • This decoding step generally comprises entropy decoding of the data of the stream F relative to the EL images.
  • the decoding step generally comprises the inverse quantization of data originating from entropy decoding, the inverse transformation of dequantized data, for instance using an inverse DCT, into a residue image.
  • the BL image is then reconstructed by adding pixel by pixel a prediction image obtained during the step 30 as well as the reconstructed residue image.
  • the prediction image is obtained by inter-image prediction, by intra-image prediction or by inter-layer prediction.
  • the EL image or part of such an image is predicted from BL images or parts of such upsampled images in the linear color space, and then transformed in the non linear color space, for example, originating from the step 38.
  • some of the blocks can be predicted by inter-image or intra-image prediction when others are predicted by inter-layer prediction.
  • the decoding method comprises an additional information decoding step indicating that the upsampling step 36 is carried out in the linear color space. This indication is used to inform the decoding method of the conditions under which the upsampling takes place.
  • the decoding method can carry out the upsampling in the same conditions as used by the coding method.
  • the decoding of such an item of information is particularly useful in the case when the decoding method is able to carry out the upsampling in the non linear color space or in the linear color space.
  • a linear_rescaling_idc binary flag is used. This flag is for example equal to 1 to specify that the upsampling is carried out in the linear color space and equal to 0 otherwise.
  • the decoding method comprises an additional information decoding step indicating in which linear color space the upsampling is carried out.
  • a linear_rescaling_idc flag is used. When this flag is equal to 0 then the upsampling is carried out in the non linear color space. Otherwise, the value of the flag indicates what is the linear color space.
  • a flag equal to 1 indicates that the linear color space is the RGB color space
  • a flag equal to 2 indicates that the linear color space is YCbCr color space
  • a flag equal to 3 indicates that the linear color space is the XYZ color space.
  • the decoding method is thus able to transform, during the step 34, the BL images reconstructed in the linear color space specified by the linear_rescaling_idc flag and thus to apply the corresponding transformation function upon these images.
  • the coding and decoding methods according to the invention can be implemented under different hardware, software, firmware, dedicated processors forms or a combination of these different forms.
  • Figures 4 and 5 represent functional units that may or may not correspond to physically distinguishable units. For example, these modules or some of them can be grouped together in a single component, or constitute functions of the same software. On the contrary, some modules may be composed of separate physical entities.
  • the different methods described can be implemented via computers or processors suited to the coding or decoding of images.
  • dedicated components such as ASICs or DSPs can also be used in order to implement these coding and decoding methods.
  • the invention can be implemented on any electronic device comprising suitable scalable coding or decoding means.
  • the invention can be implemented in a television set, a mobile phone, a tablet, a digital camera, a navigation system.
  • Figure 6 diagrammatically illustrates a coding device ENC according to the invention.
  • the coding device ENC receives BL images on a first IN_BL input, and EL images on a second IN_EL input.
  • the decoding device comprises only one IN_EL input and a non- represented subsampling module able to generate BL images from received EL images.
  • the coding device ENC comprises a prediction module PREDBL of BL images able to implement step 10 of the coding method.
  • the prediction module PREDBL is linked to a coding module CODBL of BL images which is able to implement the step 12.
  • the coding device also comprises a first transformation module T, able to implement the step 14, an upsampling module ECHANT able to implement the step 16 and a second transformation module IT able to implement the step 18.
  • the second transformation module IT is linked to a coding module CODEL of EL images able to implement the step 20.
  • the coding modules COBL and CODEL are possibly linked to a multiplexer MULT able to implement the step 24 so as to generate only one stream F which is transmitted via the output OUT for storage or for transmission over a network.
  • FIG. 7 diagrammatically illustrates a decoding device DEC according to the invention.
  • the decoding device receives, on an input IN_F, a coded data stream representative of BL and EL images.
  • the stream F comes for example from a coding device ENC conform to that of figure 6.
  • the decoding device DEC possibly comprises a demultiplexer DEMUX able to demultiplex the stream F into data relative to BL images and data relative to EL images.
  • the demultiplexer is external to the coding device, in which case, it comprises two inputs, one able to receive data relative to BL images and the other, data relative to the EL images.
  • the coding device DEC comprises a prediction module PREDBL for BL images able to implement step 30 of the decoding method.
  • the prediction module PREDBL is linked to a decoding module DECBL of BL images which is able to implement the step 32.
  • the decoding device DEC also comprises a first transformation module T, able to implement the step 34, an upsampling module ECHANT able to implement the step 36 and a second transformation module IT able to implement the step 38.
  • the second transformation module IT is linked to a coding module DECEL of EL images able to implement the step 40.
  • the coding and decoding devices according to the invention are for example implemented on a computer platform having hardware components such as one or more microprocessors or CPUs, a random access memory or RAM, a non-volatile ROM type memory, and one or more input/output interface(s) which are linked by an address and data bus.
  • the platform can also include a human-machine interface.
  • the platform generally comprises an operating system and microcode.
  • the algorithms implementing the steps for the methods specific to the invention are stored in the ROM memory. When powered up, the microprocessor loads and runs the instructions of these algorithms.
  • the coding and decoding devices compatible with the invention are implemented according to a purely hardware embodiment, for example in the form of a dedicated component (for example in an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) or of several electronic components integrated into a device or even in a form of a mix of hardware elements and software elements.
  • a dedicated component for example in an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) or VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) or of several electronic components integrated into a device or even in a form of a mix of hardware elements and software elements.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • VLSI Very Large Scale Integration
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment examples mentioned above.
  • those skilled in the art may apply any variant to the stated embodiments and combine them to benefit from their various advantages.
  • the invention is described with a view to particular color spaces. Nevertheless, it is not, by any means, limited to these color spaces.
  • the invention can be used with other color spaces, for instance XYZ.
  • the described coding and decoding methods apply to parts of BL and EL images, like, for example, image blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Color Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, dans un codeur vidéo, un dispositif de codage à échelonnabilité spatiale d'une image à haute résolution à partir d'une image à basse résolution, lesdites images étant représentées dans un espace colorimétrique non linéaire. Le procédé de codage comprend une première étape de transformation (14), dans un espace colorimétrique linéaire, d'au moins un bloc de l'image à basse résolution, une étape de sur-échantillonnage (16) dudit au moins un bloc transformé, une seconde étape de transformation (18), dans l'espace colorimétrique non linéaire, dudit au moins un bloc sur-échantillonné et une étape de codage (20) d'au moins un bloc de l'image à haute résolution à partir dudit au moins un bloc sur-échantillonné transformé.
PCT/EP2013/057868 2012-04-26 2013-04-16 Procédés de codage et de décodage à échelonnabilité spatiale et dispositifs correspondants WO2013160148A2 (fr)

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WO2016166490A1 (fr) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Oberthur Technologies Procédé de vérification d'un dispositif de sécurité comportant une signature

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US7508448B1 (en) * 2003-05-29 2009-03-24 Nvidia Corporation Method and apparatus for filtering video data using a programmable graphics processor

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016166490A1 (fr) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Oberthur Technologies Procédé de vérification d'un dispositif de sécurité comportant une signature
FR3035253A1 (fr) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-21 Oberthur Technologies Procede de verification d'un dispositif de securite comportant une signature
KR20170137193A (ko) * 2015-04-17 2017-12-12 오베르뛰르 테크놀로지스 서명을 포함하는 보안 장치를 검증하는 방법
CN107667392A (zh) * 2015-04-17 2018-02-06 欧贝特科技公司 用于验证包括签名的安全装置的方法
US10445968B2 (en) 2015-04-17 2019-10-15 Idemia France Method for verifying a security device comprising a signature
CN107667392B (zh) * 2015-04-17 2020-04-17 欧贝特科技公司 用于验证包括签名的安全装置的方法
KR102500424B1 (ko) 2015-04-17 2023-02-16 아이데미아 프랑스 서명을 포함하는 보안 장치를 검증하는 방법

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