WO2013128797A1 - Method for manufacturing current collector for dye‐sensitized solar cell comprising porous metal sheet, current collector for dye‐sensitized solar cell comprising porous metal sheet and dye‐sensitized solar cell - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing current collector for dye‐sensitized solar cell comprising porous metal sheet, current collector for dye‐sensitized solar cell comprising porous metal sheet and dye‐sensitized solar cell Download PDF

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WO2013128797A1
WO2013128797A1 PCT/JP2013/000558 JP2013000558W WO2013128797A1 WO 2013128797 A1 WO2013128797 A1 WO 2013128797A1 JP 2013000558 W JP2013000558 W JP 2013000558W WO 2013128797 A1 WO2013128797 A1 WO 2013128797A1
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dye
sensitized solar
solar cell
current collector
sheet
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PCT/JP2013/000558
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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早瀬 修二
能弘 山口
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新日鉄住金化学株式会社
国立大学法人九州工業大学
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Publication of WO2013128797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013128797A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2059Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542Dye sensitized solar cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell, and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • Dye-sensitized solar cells are called wet solar cells or Gretzel cells, and are characterized by having an electrochemical cell structure that uses an electrolyte without using a silicon semiconductor.
  • a porous semiconductor layer such as a titania layer formed by baking a titanium dioxide powder or the like on an anode electrode using a transparent conductive film such as a transparent conductive glass plate and adsorbing a dye thereto, and a conductive glass plate (conductive A simple structure in which an iodine solution or the like is disposed as an electrolyte between a counter electrode (cathode electrode) composed of a conductive substrate)
  • the power generation mechanism of the dye-sensitized solar cell is as follows. Light incident from the transparent conductive film surface, which is the light-receiving surface, is absorbed by the dye adsorbed on the porous semiconductor layer, causing electronic excitation, and the excited electrons move to the semiconductor and are guided to the conductive glass. . Next, the electrons that have returned to the counter electrode are led to the dye that has lost the electrons through an electrolyte such as iodine, and the dye is regenerated.
  • Dye-sensitized solar cells are attracting attention as low-cost solar cells because they are less expensive than silicon-based solar cells and do not require large-scale production facilities. For example, it is considered to omit an expensive transparent conductive film. In addition, since the transparent conductive film has a large electric resistance, there is also a problem that it is not suitable for increasing the size of the battery.
  • One method for omitting the transparent conductive film is to provide a wiring made of a conductive metal instead of the transparent conductive film disposed on the glass surface. However, in this case, a part of the incident light is blocked by the metal wiring part, resulting in a decrease in efficiency.
  • a photoelectric conversion element in which a dye-carrying semiconductor layer is formed on a transparent substrate that does not have a transparent conductive film on the light irradiation side, and a perforated current collecting electrode is disposed on the dye-carrying semiconductor layer Is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
  • the perforated current collecting electrode has a network-like or grid-like structure in which fine wire or thin plate electrode materials are combined vertically and horizontally, for example, and this current collecting electrode is placed on a coating film on a porous semiconductor substrate. For example, baking is performed at 500 ° C. for 30 minutes.
  • a wire mesh having a wire diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm is used as a collecting electrode having holes, a paste which is a material of the porous semiconductor layer is applied to the wire mesh, and the paste is fired to form a porous semiconductor layer.
  • a technique has been disclosed in which a wire mesh is disposed with a porous semiconductor layer facing a glass transparent substrate having no transparent conductive film (see Patent Document 2).
  • a method of depositing a metal such as tungsten, titanium, nickel or the like as a collecting electrode by a method such as sputtering or vapor deposition and then patterning by photolithography or the like is disclosed (see Patent Document 3). ).
  • the resulting collector electrode is a very thin metal film.
  • the thickness of the formed metal film is very thin, for example, if it is less than 50 nm, there is a possibility that the area resistance of the metal film is increased and the power extraction efficiency is not improved.
  • the film becomes dense, the porosity is remarkably lowered, and the flow of the electrolytic solution may be hindered, resulting in insufficient performance. Furthermore, since this method is based on the premise that a metal film is formed on a certain base material, the metal film itself does not exist as a self-supporting film, which limits the design freedom of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the present inventors have disclosed a technique of using a porous metal sheet made of a sintered metal obtained by sintering metal powder as a collecting electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (Patent Document 4).
  • This porous titanium sheet is a porous metal body in which a large number of pores communicate isotropically.
  • the metal porous body has a porosity of 30 to 60% by volume and a pore diameter of 1 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the collector electrode having such a void structure contributes to the improvement of power generation efficiency.
  • the metal porous sheet is preferably thin.
  • the lower limit of the thickness of the metal porous sheet that can be manufactured is the particle size of the metal powder that can be manufactured industrially (industrial Specifically, it is limited to 20 ⁇ m or more.
  • the problem to be solved is that further improvement of the current collecting electrode is required in order to contribute to further improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention is as follows: Forming a sheet comprising an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component; A third metal component having a positive heat of mixing with the first metal component and a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component and having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy Immersing the sheet in a metal melting bath of the alloy and treating the sheet at a temperature lower than the minimum liquidus temperature in the phase diagram of the alloy; Removing the treated sheet from the molten metal bath; It is characterized by having.
  • the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably characterized in that a single roll quenching method is used in the step of forming the alloy sheet.
  • the treated sheet is taken out of the molten metal bath and then washed with an acid or an alkali. It further has a process.
  • the first metal component is selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta. It is a seed or two or more kinds.
  • the second metal component is one selected from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, or It is characterized by being 2 or more types.
  • the manufacturing method of the collector for dye-sensitized solar cells which consists of a porous metal sheet which concerns on this invention
  • the said 3rd metal component is 1 type or 2 types chosen from Mg, Ca, and Bi. It is the above.
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention has a large number of nano-order diameters in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. Through-holes.
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably characterized in that the porosity is 20 to 90% and the sheet thickness is 50 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably composed of one or more metals selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention is A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
  • the current collector is a porous metal sheet produced by the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention is A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
  • the current collector is a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell made of the porous metal sheet.
  • the obtained current collector is isotropically fused with a molten spherical metal mass in a three-dimensional direction. Since there are a large number of nano-sized through-holes communicating with each other, the mobility of charges in the electrolyte that permeates the current collector is large. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention has a large number of nano-order diameters in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. Therefore, the charge mobility in the electrolyte that permeates the current collector is large. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing an SEM photograph of the porous titanium sheet of the example as viewed from the main surface (surface).
  • Metal materials having nanopores with nano-order (nm dimensions) are not limited to current collectors for dye-sensitized solar cells, and are generally difficult to produce.
  • a metal bath comprising the first component and the second component and the third component simultaneously having positive and negative heats of mixing with respect to the first component, respectively.
  • the liquidus temperature within a composition variation range from a metal material having a melting point higher than the solidification point of the metal, consisting of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy until the third component decreases from the metal material to the second component.
  • a method for producing a metal member which is obtained by selectively leaching the third component into the metal bath by dipping in a metal bath controlled at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the above. ing.
  • the metal member obtained in this way has an extremely large specific surface area compared to a bulk metal body, and therefore has high functionality that cannot be obtained with conventional materials in terms of catalyst characteristics, electrode characteristics, gas storage characteristics, and sensing characteristics. It is shown that it can be greatly expected to demonstrate.
  • no quantitative data is shown for nano-order pores, and no specific application examples are shown.
  • the present inventors thought that a useful current collector could be obtained by using the above-described method for producing a metal member as a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell. did. Unlike other electrode materials, current collectors for dye-sensitized solar cells are resistant to electrolytes, electrically inert to the electrolyte, mobility and diffusivity between electrodes of electrolytes and carriers, and metal electrodes. Therefore, heat resistance and oxidation resistance during sintering of the oxide semiconductor are required. Furthermore, in order to combine the bonding strength with the porous semiconductor and the flowability of the electrolyte, it is necessary to control the structure such as thickness, porosity, and pore diameter.
  • the method of manufacturing a current collector includes a step of forming a sheet made of an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component, and positive mixing heat with respect to the first metal component. And having a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component, and immersing the sheet in a metal melting bath of the third metal component having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy, and in the phase diagram of the alloy And a step of processing at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the phase line temperature, and a step of removing the processed sheet from the metal melting bath.
  • the first metal component is preferably one or more selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta, and more preferably Ti.
  • the second metal component is one or more selected from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, and more preferably Cu.
  • the third metal component is preferably one or more selected from Mg, Ca and Bi, and more preferably Mg.
  • the raw material for each of these metal components is preferably a high-purity metal powder, but may be a sponge metal powder, a gas atomized metal powder, a metal lump or the like.
  • a method for forming a sheet composed of an alloy of the first metal component and the second metal component is not particularly limited, but it is a preferred embodiment to use a single-roll quenching method.
  • the single roll quenching method is known as a method for producing an amorphous alloy having no crystal structure, and the obtained amorphous alloy is excellent in properties such as strength.
  • the first metal component and the second metal component are melted by, for example, an arc melting method in a pure Ar atmosphere to form an alloy, which is then remelted, for example, rapidly cooled on the surface of a rotating drum, to thereby form an amorphous alloy.
  • a ribbon can be obtained.
  • the alloy sheet has a positive heat of mixing with the first metal component, a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component, and a third metal having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy.
  • the sheet is immersed in the metal melting bath of the components and processed at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the liquidus temperature in the alloy phase diagram.
  • the treated sheet is removed from the metal melting bath. For example, according to the calculation using the Miedemma model, between Mg as the third metal component and Ti as the first metal component and between Mg as the second metal component and Cu as the second metal component, respectively, A heat of mixing of 16 kJ / mol and -3 kJ / mol is generated (refer to the Metallurological Society of Japan, Volume 46, 2818, 2005).
  • Mg and Ti are phase-separated while Mg and Cu have a property of forming an admixture. That is, while Cu remains in the sheet, Cu elutes from the sheet into the metal bath. Ti remaining in the sheet repeats bonding with surrounding Ti to form fine particles having a nano-order size. These fine particles are partially bonded to form a large number of through holes having a nano-order diameter.
  • a nano-sized Ti molten droplet is generated where Cu is eluted.
  • the nanosized droplets generated by melting are connected to each other as time elapses from the generation stage, and a dendritic mass of molten metal Ti having a shape in which the droplets are connected in the shape of branches of a tree is formed. If this molten state is maintained, the shape of the molten metal lump that has grown in a branch shape will change to a shape similar to that of a spherical lump while coalescing with surrounding fine droplets due to the influence of the surface tension of the molten metal. Get closer to a sphere via shape.
  • the molten spherical metal mass of the present invention includes all the shapes of the above-mentioned generational stage dendritic mass, spherical mass, confetti, and the process of changing to a spherical shape.
  • the diameter of the fine particles and the diameter of the through-hole both increase to the micron order.
  • the nano-order dimension literally means less than 1 ⁇ m, more preferably an average pore diameter of 10 to 990 nm.
  • the treatment temperature in the metal molten bath is lower than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus in the alloy phase diagram.
  • the processing temperature is higher than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus, the alloy components are melted, so that the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained.
  • the processing temperature lower than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus line varies depending on the type of alloy component. For example, when Ti is used as the first metal component and Cu is used as the second metal component, respectively, the temperature is preferably lower than 1141 K, which is the minimum value of the liquidus, and is set to 973 K or more.
  • the lower limit of the treatment temperature is a temperature at which Mg can reliably maintain a molten state when Mg is used as the third metal component of the metal melting bath.
  • the time for immersing the sheet in the molten metal bath is not particularly limited, and for example, about several seconds is sufficient.
  • the diameter dimension and the porosity of the through hole are also controlled by changing the composition of the alloy. Both the rate and the average pore diameter increase.
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet obtained by the method for manufacturing a current collector according to the present embodiment has a molten spherical metal mass fused in a three-dimensional direction, and isotropic It has a large number of through-holes of nano-order diameter that are in continuous communication.
  • Mg—Cu alloy liquid adheresive admixture
  • a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell made of a porous metal sheet according to this embodiment (hereinafter simply referred to as a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell according to this embodiment). ).
  • the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell has a large number of through holes having a nano-order diameter in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. It consists of a porous metal sheet.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector preferably has all through holes having a nano-order diameter.
  • the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and a certain number of through-holes have a nano-order diameter.
  • the other through holes may be of the order of microns.
  • the porosity and the average pore (through hole) diameter are values obtained by measurement by a mercury intrusion method.
  • a mercury intrusion type pore distribution measuring device (Pascal I 140 and Pascal 440 manufactured by CARLOERBA INSTRUMENTS, measurable range: specific surface area 0.1 m 2 / g or more, pore distribution 0.0034 to 400 ⁇ m), pressure range 0.
  • the press-fit volume is calculated and measured as a side area according to the cylindrical pore model.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector according to this embodiment can be suitably obtained by the above-described method for producing a current collector according to this embodiment, but the production method is limited to this method. It is not a thing.
  • the current collector for the dye-sensitized solar cell preferably has a porosity of 20 to 90% and a (sheet) thickness of 50 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the porosity is more preferably 40 to 90%.
  • the thickness is more preferably 200 nm to 25 ⁇ m. If the porosity is less than 20%, the flowability and diffusibility of the electrolyte inside the sheet may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 90%, the adhesion and bonding force with the porous semiconductor layer may be impaired. . Moreover, when it exceeds 90%, there exists a possibility that the intensity
  • the thickness is less than 50 nm, the strength of the sheet may be impaired, and the sheet resistance may be increased.
  • the thickness exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the flow resistance of the electrolyte solution inside the sheet increases and the flowability and diffusibility of the electrolyte inside the sheet or between both surfaces deteriorates. Uniform penetration may be impaired.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell using the current collector for the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment as the current collector has a high charge mobility in the electrolyte that passes through the current collector. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the mechanism by which the through-hole having a nano-order diameter of the current collector contributes to the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency is not clear, but the following effects are assumed.
  • the improvement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency is considered to be due to the improvement in the conductivity of the electrolyte (electrolyte solution).
  • a so-called electron hopping effect is considered to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte (electrolyte solution).
  • ion pairs of solvated iodine ions, etc. which are electron carriers, and cations are regularly aligned in the process of passing through a through hole having a nano-order diameter, and redox between adjacent ion pairs.
  • a phenomenon occurs in which only electrons move even if the ion pair does not move, that is, the charge is transported at a high speed.
  • the hopping effect is further increased if the ratio of through holes having a nano-order diameter in the entire through holes is increased.
  • a dye-sensitized solar cell 10 includes a transparent substrate 12, a conductive substrate 14 serving as a cathode electrode, and a space between the transparent substrate 12 and the conductive substrate 14. Further, a porous semiconductor layer 16 that is disposed in the vicinity of or in contact with the transparent substrate 12 and adsorbs the dye, and a collector that is disposed in contact with the opposite side of the porous semiconductor layer 16 to the transparent substrate 12 and serves as an anode electrode. An electric body 18 is provided, and the electrolyte 20 is sealed.
  • the current collector 18 is a porous metal sheet manufactured by the method for manufacturing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell including the porous metal sheet according to the above-described embodiment, or the above-described embodiment. This is a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising such a porous metal sheet.
  • reference numeral 22 indicates a sealing material.
  • the components of the dye-sensitized solar cell 10 other than the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 can be manufactured by an appropriate method using an appropriate material that is usually employed.
  • the transparent substrate 12 may be, for example, a glass plate or a plastic plate, but using a plastic plate is preferable because flexibility can be imparted to the dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • a plastic plate for example, PET, PEN, polyimide, cured acrylic resin, cured epoxy resin, cured silicone resin, various engineering plastics, cyclic polymers obtained by metathesis polymerization, and the like can be mentioned.
  • the conductive substrate 14 a substrate similar to the transparent substrate 12 is used. For example, ITO (indium oxide film doped with tin) or FTO (fluorine is doped) on a part of the surface of the substrate facing the electrolyte 20.
  • a conductive film such as a tin oxide film), a SnO 2 film, a metal film such as Ti, W, Mo, Rh, Pt, or Ta is laminated, and a catalyst film such as a platinum film is provided on the conductive film.
  • the transparent substrate may be omitted, and a catalyst film or layer such as a platinum film may be provided on the metal foil.
  • the metal foil is preferably Ti.
  • the porous semiconductor layer 16 can be made of any suitable material such as ZnO or SnO 2, but TiO 2 is preferred.
  • the shape of fine particles such as TiO 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 nm to 100 nm.
  • the porous semiconductor layer 16 is preferably formed into a desired thick film by repeating the operation of baking at a temperature of 300 to 550 ° C., for example, after forming a thin film of TiO 2 paste.
  • a dye is adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles constituting the porous semiconductor layer 16.
  • the dye has absorption in at least a part of the wavelength region of 400 nm to 1000 nm. Examples thereof include organic dyes such as dyes and polymethine dyes.
  • the adsorption method is not particularly limited.
  • a so-called impregnation method in which a dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 in which a porous semiconductor layer 16 is formed in a dye solution is immersed and the dye is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles can be used.
  • a so-called impregnation method in which a dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 in which a porous semiconductor layer 16 is formed in a dye solution is immersed and the dye is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles can be used.
  • the transparent substrate 12 and the porous semiconductor layer 16 may or may not be in contact with each other, but the distance between the two is preferably as short as possible. Further, since the conductive metal layer 18 and the conductive substrate (counter electrode) 14 are arranged so as not to contact each other, for example, the conductive metal layer 18 is sufficiently resistant to the electrolyte 20 and does not hinder the diffusion of the electrolyte ions. There is also a method of insulating with a spacer such as glass paper having holes. The distance between the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 and the conductive substrate 14 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less.
  • the electrolyte 20 is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, iodine, lithium ion, ionic liquid, t-butylpyridine, and the like.
  • iodine an oxidation-reduction body composed of a combination of iodide ions and iodine is used. Can do.
  • a metal complex such as cobalt may be used as the redox pair.
  • it contains a solvent capable of dissolving this redox substance, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propionitrile, ethylene carbonate, and ionic liquid.
  • the method for injecting the electrolyte 20 is not particularly limited, and for example, a part of the sealing material 22 may be left as an opening, and the electrolyte 20 may be injected from the opening to seal the opening. Alternatively, an opening may be provided in advance in a part of the conductive substrate 14, and the opening may be sealed after injecting the electrolyte 20 therefrom.
  • the sealing material 22 for sealing by injecting the electrolyte 20 between the transparent substrate 12 and the conductive substrate 14 is a thermoplastic resin sheet having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less after curing, a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin. Etc. can be used.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell may be one in which the stacking order in the thickness direction is the same as described above, and the entire electrode is cylindrical.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment can obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • the dye-sensitized solar cell other than the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment described above for example, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment is provided on a transparent substrate provided with a transparent conductive film.
  • Dyes such as those provided with current collectors, or those in which one or more current collectors are arranged at a different site from those arranged on the opposite side of the porous semiconductor layer from the transparent substrate
  • a porous metal sheet produced by a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present embodiment for the entire sensitized solar cell, or the porous material according to the present embodiment described above
  • a dye-sensitized solar cell current collector made of a porous metal sheet can be used as appropriate.
  • Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of porous titanium sheet (A)>
  • a pure argon gas atmosphere approximately 30 g of Cu 70 Ti 30 having a composition with a Cu: Ti atomic ratio of 7: 3 was produced by an arc melting method.
  • a single-roll type quenching method was used to produce a foil-like metal material having approximate dimensions of width 10 mm, thickness 25 ⁇ m, and length 50 mm.
  • the copper element in the foil-like metal material elutes into the magnesium metal molten bath, and the remaining titanium repeats bonding to form fine particulates, which are partially bonded.
  • the adhering admixture of the magnesium component from which copper is eluted is filled in the generated gap.
  • the foil-like metal material that has been pulled up and cooled from the magnesium metal molten bath is treated by placing it in an aqueous nitric acid solution adjusted to a 0.1 molar concentration in a beaker container at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the magnesium and copper components are used as described above. After the adhering admixture was eluted and removed, it was pulled up into the atmosphere and dried to obtain a porous titanium sheet (A).
  • FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the porous titanium sheet (A) viewed from the main surface (front surface) side.
  • the porosity is about 47% and the specific surface area defined by the ratio of the surface area to the volume is about 2.4 ⁇ 10 7 m 2 / m 3. Was calculated.
  • Table 1 shows the thickness of the porous titanium sheet (A) obtained, the average particle diameter of titanium, the porosity, and the average pore diameter.
  • the value of the porosity obtained by measuring by the mercury intrusion method was 50%.
  • ⁇ Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cell (C-1)> A titania paste (trade name Nanoxide D, manufactured by Solaronics) was printed in a range of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm of the porous titanium sheet (A) cut to 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, dried, and baked in air at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes. . On the titania after firing, the operation of further printing and firing the titania base was repeated a total of 3 times to obtain a porous Ti sheet substrate with a titania layer.
  • Nanoxide D manufactured by Solaronics
  • the prepared porous Ti sheet substrate with titania layer was impregnated with a mixed solvent solution of N719 dye (manufactured by SOLARONIX) in acetonitrile and t-butyl alcohol for 64 hours, and the dye was adsorbed on the titania surface.
  • the substrate after adsorption was washed with a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and t-butyl alcohol to obtain a porous Ti sheet substrate with a dye-adsorbed titania layer.
  • a titanium foil having a thickness of 12 mm ⁇ 30 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was laminated on the end portion 2 mm of the surface of the porous Ti sheet substrate with the dye-adsorbing titania layer on which the titania paste was not formed to obtain an anode electrode with a takeout electrode.
  • Platinum was sputtered to 400 nm on one side of a 12 mm ⁇ 30 mm titanium foil having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to obtain a Ti substrate with a Pt catalyst layer. Further, a 15 mm ⁇ 40 mm titanium foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was laminated on the end portion 2 mm of the Pt-free surface of the Ti substrate with the Pt catalyst layer to obtain a cathode electrode with a takeout electrode.
  • a PEN film having a thickness of 125 ⁇ m bonded with a resin sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m (trade name MELTONIX 1170-60 manufactured by SOLARONIX) was laminated so that the resin sheet surface and the titanium foil surface of the cathode electrode with the extraction electrode face each other. Furthermore, glass paper having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a porosity of 85% or more was laminated on the Pt catalyst layer surface of the counter electrode with the extraction electrode. Furthermore, it laminated
  • the PEN film having a thickness of 125 ⁇ m obtained by laminating the resin sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m was laminated so that the surface of the resin adsorbing titania layer of the anode electrode with the extraction electrode faced each other.
  • an electrolyte solution insertion hole of ⁇ 3 mm was provided in the PEN film on the cathode electrode side. These were roll-pressed at a temperature of 130 ° C.
  • the short-circuit current value was measured when the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with pseudo-sunlight having an intensity of 35, 50, 70, 100 mW / cm 2 from the anode electrode side.
  • Table 2 shows the short-circuit current value for each light quantity (light intensity) as a relative value when the value of Example 1 when the light quantity is 35 mw / cm 2 is 1.00.
  • Example 2 A dye-sensitized solar cell (C-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a glass substrate was used instead of the PEN film. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell (C-2).
  • a dye-sensitized solar cell (C-3) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the porous titanium sheet (B) (trade name Typorus) made of Osaka Titanium was used instead of the porous titanium sheet (A). Obtained.
  • Table 1 shows the characteristics of Osaka titanium porous titanium sheet (B), and Table 2 shows the characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell (C-3).
  • the short-circuit current value greatly increases as the amount of light (light hardness) to be irradiated increases, whereas in the comparative example, even if the amount of light (light hardness) to be irradiated increases, the short-circuit current It can be seen that the value has not increased significantly. This is because the electron hopping phenomenon is added in Examples 1 and 2, and the amount of electrons generated with the increase in the amount of light increases, whereas in the comparative example, even if the amount of light (light hardness) increases, the titanium sheet penetrates. It is considered that a remarkable electron hopping phenomenon does not appear because the hole size is as large as micron order.

Abstract

Provided is a current collector capable of obtaining higher photoelectric conversion efficiency when being used for a dye-sensitized solar cell. A method for manufacturing current collector for dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet comprises: a process of forming a sheet made from an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component; a process of treating the sheet at a temperature lower than the minimum value of liquidus temperature in the phase diagram of the alloy by immersing the sheet in a molten metal bath of a third metal component which has positive heat of mixing for the first metal component and negative heat of mixing for the second metal component, while having a hardening point lower than the melting point of the alloy; and a process of taking the treated sheet from the molten metal bath. The current collector for dye-sensitized solar cell comprising porous metal sheet has a number of through-holes with nano-diameters isotropically communicating with each other with spherical molten metal lumps being mutually fused in three-dimensional directions.

Description

多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法および多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体ならびに色素増感太陽電池Method for producing current collector for dye-sensitized solar cell made of porous metal sheet, current collector for dye-sensitized solar cell made of porous metal sheet, and dye-sensitized solar cell
 本発明は、色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法および色素増感太陽電池用集電体ならびに色素増感太陽電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell, a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell, and a dye-sensitized solar cell.
 色素増感太陽電池は、湿式太陽電池あるいはグレッツェル電池等と呼ばれ、シリコン半導体を用いることなく電解液を使用した電気化学的なセル構造を持つ点に特徴がある。例えば、透明な導電性ガラス板等の透明導電膜を使用したアノード電極に二酸化チタン粉末等を焼付け、これに色素を吸着させて形成したチタニア層等の多孔質半導体層と導電性ガラス板(導電性基板)等からなる対極(カソード電極)の間に電解質としてヨウ素溶液等を配置した、簡易な構造を有する Dye-sensitized solar cells are called wet solar cells or Gretzel cells, and are characterized by having an electrochemical cell structure that uses an electrolyte without using a silicon semiconductor. For example, a porous semiconductor layer such as a titania layer formed by baking a titanium dioxide powder or the like on an anode electrode using a transparent conductive film such as a transparent conductive glass plate and adsorbing a dye thereto, and a conductive glass plate (conductive A simple structure in which an iodine solution or the like is disposed as an electrolyte between a counter electrode (cathode electrode) composed of a conductive substrate)
 色素増感太陽電池の発電メカニズムは、以下のとおりである。
 受光面である透明導電膜面から入射した光を、多孔質半導体層に吸着された色素が吸収し、電子励起を引き起こし、その励起した電子が半導体へと移動し、導電性ガラスへと導かれる。ついで、対極に戻った電子はヨウ素などの電解液を介して電子を失った色素へと導かれ、色素が再生される。
The power generation mechanism of the dye-sensitized solar cell is as follows.
Light incident from the transparent conductive film surface, which is the light-receiving surface, is absorbed by the dye adsorbed on the porous semiconductor layer, causing electronic excitation, and the excited electrons move to the semiconductor and are guided to the conductive glass. . Next, the electrons that have returned to the counter electrode are led to the dye that has lost the electrons through an electrolyte such as iodine, and the dye is regenerated.
 色素増感太陽電池は、シリコン系の太陽電池と比べて材料が安価であり、作製に大掛かりな設備を必要としないことから、低コストの太陽電池として注目されており、さらなる低コスト化のため、例えば高価な透明導電膜を省略することが検討されている。なお、透明導電膜は電気抵抗が大きいため、電池の大型化に向かないという問題もあった。 Dye-sensitized solar cells are attracting attention as low-cost solar cells because they are less expensive than silicon-based solar cells and do not require large-scale production facilities. For example, it is considered to omit an expensive transparent conductive film. In addition, since the transparent conductive film has a large electric resistance, there is also a problem that it is not suitable for increasing the size of the battery.
 透明導電膜を省略する方法の一つとして、ガラス表面に配置される透明導電膜の代わりに導電性金属からなる配線を施すことが挙げられる。しかし、この場合、入射光の一部は金属配線部分に遮られることとなり、効率の低下を伴う。 One method for omitting the transparent conductive film is to provide a wiring made of a conductive metal instead of the transparent conductive film disposed on the glass surface. However, in this case, a part of the incident light is blocked by the metal wiring part, resulting in a decrease in efficiency.
 この点を改善するものとして、例えば、光照射側となる透明導電膜を持たない透明基板に色素担持半導体層を形成し、色素担持半導体層の上に有孔集電電極を配置する光電変換素子が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。有孔集電電極は、例えば細線状または薄板状の電極材を縦横に組み合わせた網目状または格子状の構造であり、多孔質半導体の基板への塗布膜上にこの集電電極を載置して例えば500℃で30分焼成するものとされている。 To improve this point, for example, a photoelectric conversion element in which a dye-carrying semiconductor layer is formed on a transparent substrate that does not have a transparent conductive film on the light irradiation side, and a perforated current collecting electrode is disposed on the dye-carrying semiconductor layer Is disclosed (see Patent Document 1). The perforated current collecting electrode has a network-like or grid-like structure in which fine wire or thin plate electrode materials are combined vertically and horizontally, for example, and this current collecting electrode is placed on a coating film on a porous semiconductor substrate. For example, baking is performed at 500 ° C. for 30 minutes.
 また、例えば、孔を有する集電電極として線径が1μm~10mmの金網を用い、この金網に多孔質半導体層の材料であるペーストを塗布し、ペーストを焼成して多孔質半導体層を形成した後に、透明導電膜を持たないガラス製透明基板に多孔質半導体層の側を向けて金網を配置する技術が開示されている(特許文献2参照)。 In addition, for example, a wire mesh having a wire diameter of 1 μm to 10 mm is used as a collecting electrode having holes, a paste which is a material of the porous semiconductor layer is applied to the wire mesh, and the paste is fired to form a porous semiconductor layer. Later, a technique has been disclosed in which a wire mesh is disposed with a porous semiconductor layer facing a glass transparent substrate having no transparent conductive film (see Patent Document 2).
 しかし、これらの技術は、集電電極として予め加工形成された金網あるいは有孔板等を用いるので、金属細線等材料のサイズの制約から、金網等の厚みを薄くすることには限界がある。そのため、金網等の厚みが厚いことに起因し、電解質が金網等を介して多孔質半導体層に移動する際の拡散抵抗が大きくなり、これにより光電変換効率の低下を来たすおそれがある。 However, since these techniques use a wire mesh or a perforated plate that has been processed and formed in advance as a current collecting electrode, there is a limit to reducing the thickness of the wire mesh or the like due to the size limitation of the material such as the fine metal wire. Therefore, due to the thick thickness of the wire mesh or the like, the diffusion resistance when the electrolyte moves to the porous semiconductor layer through the wire mesh or the like is increased, which may cause a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency.
 これに対して、例えば、集電電極として、スパッタリングや蒸着等の方法によってタングステン、チタン、ニッケル等の金属を堆積させ、その後、フォトリソグラフィー等によりパターニングする方法が開示されている(特許文献3参照)。得られる集電電極は、極めて薄い金属膜である。
 しかし、この方法は、形成される金属膜の厚みがごく薄い場合、例えば50nm未満では、金属膜の面積抵抗が大きくなり電力取り出し効率の向上につながらない恐れがある。また、50nm以上の厚膜を設ける場合、膜が緻密になり、空隙率が著しく低下し、電解液の流通が阻害されて性能に不足を来たすおそれがある。さらに、この方法は、何らかの基材の上に金属膜を形成することを前提としているため、金属膜自体が自立膜として存在せず、色素増感太陽電池の設計自由度を制限する。
On the other hand, for example, a method of depositing a metal such as tungsten, titanium, nickel or the like as a collecting electrode by a method such as sputtering or vapor deposition and then patterning by photolithography or the like is disclosed (see Patent Document 3). ). The resulting collector electrode is a very thin metal film.
However, in this method, when the thickness of the formed metal film is very thin, for example, if it is less than 50 nm, there is a possibility that the area resistance of the metal film is increased and the power extraction efficiency is not improved. Further, when a thick film of 50 nm or more is provided, the film becomes dense, the porosity is remarkably lowered, and the flow of the electrolytic solution may be hindered, resulting in insufficient performance. Furthermore, since this method is based on the premise that a metal film is formed on a certain base material, the metal film itself does not exist as a self-supporting film, which limits the design freedom of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
 一方、本発明者らは、色素増感太陽電池の集電電極として、金属粉末を焼結させた金属焼結体からなる金属多孔体シートを用いる技術を開示している(特許文献4)。この多孔質チタンシートは多数の孔が等方的に連通する金属多孔体である。金属多孔体は、空隙率が30~60体積%、かつ空孔直径が1~40μmである。
 このような空隙構造を有する集電電極は、発電効率の向上に寄与する。電解液の流通のし易さの観点で、金属多孔体シートの厚みは薄い方が好ましいが、製造可能な金属多孔体シートの厚みの下限は、工業的に製造できる金属粉末の粒子サイズ(工業的には20μm以上)に制限される。
On the other hand, the present inventors have disclosed a technique of using a porous metal sheet made of a sintered metal obtained by sintering metal powder as a collecting electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (Patent Document 4). This porous titanium sheet is a porous metal body in which a large number of pores communicate isotropically. The metal porous body has a porosity of 30 to 60% by volume and a pore diameter of 1 to 40 μm.
The collector electrode having such a void structure contributes to the improvement of power generation efficiency. From the viewpoint of the ease of distribution of the electrolyte, the metal porous sheet is preferably thin. However, the lower limit of the thickness of the metal porous sheet that can be manufactured is the particle size of the metal powder that can be manufactured industrially (industrial Specifically, it is limited to 20 μm or more.
特開2001-283941号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-283941 特開2007-73505号公報JP 2007-73505 A 特開2005-158470号公報JP 2005-158470 A WO2010/150461公報WO2010 / 150461
 解決しようとする問題点は、色素増感太陽電池の光電変換効率の一層の向上に寄与するうえで、集電電極のさらなる改良が求められる点である。 The problem to be solved is that further improvement of the current collecting electrode is required in order to contribute to further improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
 本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、
 第一の金属成分と第二の金属成分の合金からなるシートを形成する工程と、
 該第一の金属成分に対して正の混合熱を有し、かつ該第二の金属成分に対して負の混合熱を有するとともに、該合金の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する第三の金属成分の金属溶融浴に該シートを浸漬し、該合金の状態図における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度で処理する工程と、
 処理後の該シートを該金属溶融浴より取り出す工程と、
を有することを特徴とする。
A method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention is as follows:
Forming a sheet comprising an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component;
A third metal component having a positive heat of mixing with the first metal component and a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component and having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy Immersing the sheet in a metal melting bath of the alloy and treating the sheet at a temperature lower than the minimum liquidus temperature in the phase diagram of the alloy;
Removing the treated sheet from the molten metal bath;
It is characterized by having.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、好ましくは、合金シートを形成する工程において、単ロール急冷法を用いることを特徴とする。 The method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably characterized in that a single roll quenching method is used in the step of forming the alloy sheet.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、好ましくは、処理後の該シートを該金属溶融浴より取り出した後、酸またはアルカリで洗浄する工程をさらに有することを特徴とする。 In the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention, preferably, the treated sheet is taken out of the molten metal bath and then washed with an acid or an alkali. It further has a process.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、好ましくは、前記第一の金属成分が、Ti、W、Zr、NbおよびTaから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする。 In the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention, preferably, the first metal component is selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta. It is a seed or two or more kinds.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、好ましくは、前記第二の金属成分が、Cu、Ni、CoおよびFeから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする。 In the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention, preferably, the second metal component is one selected from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, or It is characterized by being 2 or more types.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法は、好ましくは、前記第三の金属成分が、Mg、CaおよびBiから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする。 Moreover, the manufacturing method of the collector for dye-sensitized solar cells which consists of a porous metal sheet which concerns on this invention, Preferably, the said 3rd metal component is 1 type or 2 types chosen from Mg, Ca, and Bi. It is the above.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有する。 Further, the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention has a large number of nano-order diameters in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. Through-holes.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、好ましくは、空隙率が20~90%であり、シート厚みが50nm~100μmであることを特徴とする。 Further, the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably characterized in that the porosity is 20 to 90% and the sheet thickness is 50 nm to 100 μm.
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、好ましくは、Ti、W、Zr、NbおよびTaから選ばれる1種または2種以上の金属からなることを特徴とする。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention is preferably composed of one or more metals selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta. Features.
 また、本発明に係る色素増感太陽電池は、
 透明基板と、カソード極となる導電性基板と、該透明基板と該導電性基板の間に、該透明基板に近接してまたは接触して配置され色素を吸着した多孔質半導体層と、該多孔質半導体層の該透明基板とは反対側に接触して配置されアノード極となる集電体を備え、電解質が封止されてなり、
 該集電体が前記の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法により製造された多孔質金属シートであることを特徴とする。
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention is
A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
The current collector is a porous metal sheet produced by the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet.
 また、本発明に係る色素増感太陽電池は、
 透明基板と、カソード極となる導電性基板と、該透明基板と該導電性基板の間に、該透明基板に近接してまたは接触して配置され色素を吸着した多孔質半導体層と、該多孔質半導体層の該透明基板とは反対側に接触して配置されアノード極となる集電体を備え、電解質が封止されてなり、
 該集電体が前記の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体であることを特徴とする。
The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present invention is
A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
The current collector is a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell made of the porous metal sheet.
 本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法によれば、得られる集電体が溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有するので、集電体を透過する電解質中の電荷の移動度が大きい。このため、色素増感太陽電池に用いたときに高い光電変換効率を得ることが期待できる。
 また、本発明に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有するので、集電体を透過する電解質中の電荷の移動度が大きい。このため、色素増感太陽電池に用いたときに高い光電変換効率を得ることが期待できる。
According to the method for manufacturing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present invention, the obtained current collector is isotropically fused with a molten spherical metal mass in a three-dimensional direction. Since there are a large number of nano-sized through-holes communicating with each other, the mobility of charges in the electrolyte that permeates the current collector is large. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
Further, the current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to the present invention has a large number of nano-order diameters in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. Therefore, the charge mobility in the electrolyte that permeates the current collector is large. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
図1は本実施の形態に係る色素増感太陽電池の概略構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment. 図2は実施例の多孔質チタンシートを主面(表面)から見たSEM写真を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a view showing an SEM photograph of the porous titanium sheet of the example as viewed from the main surface (surface).
 本発明の実施の形態(以下、本実施の形態例という。)について、以下に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “examples of the present embodiment”) will be described below.
 本発明者らは、色素増感太陽電池用の集電体の構造について鋭意検討した結果、従来の集電体では開示されていないナノオーダーの直径の貫通孔を有することが有用ではないかと思い至った。 As a result of intensive studies on the structure of a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell, the present inventors thought that it would be useful to have a through hole having a nano-order diameter that is not disclosed in a conventional current collector. It came.
 まず、本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法(以下、これを本実施の形態例に係る集電体の製造方法と略称することがある。)について説明する。 First, a method for manufacturing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell made of a porous metal sheet according to this embodiment (hereinafter, this is abbreviated as a method for manufacturing a current collector according to this embodiment). Yes.)
 ナノオーダー(nm寸法)の微小細孔を有する金属材料は、色素増感太陽電池用の集電体に限らず一般に製造が困難とされている。
しかしながら、WO2011/092909号公報によれば、第1の成分に対してそれぞれ正および負の混合熱を有する第2の成分および第3の成分を同時に含有し、かつ第1の成分からなる金属浴の凝固点よりも高い融点を有する化合物、合金または非平衡合金からなる金属材料を、この金属材料から第3の成分が減少し、第2の成分に至るまでの組成変動範囲内における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度に制御された金属浴に浸すことにより、第3の成分を選択的に金属浴内に溶出させて、微小間隙を有する金属部材を得る金属部材の製造方法が開示されている。そして、このようにして得られる金属部材はバルク金属体に比較して桁違いに大きな比表面積を有するため、触媒特性、電極特性、ガス貯蔵特性、センシング特性において従来材料では得られない高機能性を発揮することが大いに期待できる旨が示されている。
ところが、この公報の実施例には、ナノオーダーの細孔については定量的なデータは全く示されておらず、また、具体的用途例も示されていない。
Metal materials having nanopores with nano-order (nm dimensions) are not limited to current collectors for dye-sensitized solar cells, and are generally difficult to produce.
However, according to WO2011 / 092909, a metal bath comprising the first component and the second component and the third component simultaneously having positive and negative heats of mixing with respect to the first component, respectively. The liquidus temperature within a composition variation range from a metal material having a melting point higher than the solidification point of the metal, consisting of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy until the third component decreases from the metal material to the second component. Disclosed is a method for producing a metal member, which is obtained by selectively leaching the third component into the metal bath by dipping in a metal bath controlled at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the above. ing. The metal member obtained in this way has an extremely large specific surface area compared to a bulk metal body, and therefore has high functionality that cannot be obtained with conventional materials in terms of catalyst characteristics, electrode characteristics, gas storage characteristics, and sensing characteristics. It is shown that it can be greatly expected to demonstrate.
However, in the examples of this publication, no quantitative data is shown for nano-order pores, and no specific application examples are shown.
 本発明者らは、色素増感太陽電池用の集電体の製造方法として上記の金属部材の製造方法を用いることにより有用な集電体が得られるのではないかと考え、本発明に想達した。
 色素増感太陽電池用の集電体は、他の電極材料とは異なり、電解質に対する耐腐食性、対電解質への電気的不活性、電解質やキャリアの電極間移動性や拡散性、金属電極への酸化物半導体焼結時の耐熱性および耐酸化性が必要である。さらに、多孔質半導体との接合力及び電解液の流通性を兼ね備えるために厚み、空孔率、空孔直径等の構造を制御する必要がある。
The present inventors thought that a useful current collector could be obtained by using the above-described method for producing a metal member as a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell. did.
Unlike other electrode materials, current collectors for dye-sensitized solar cells are resistant to electrolytes, electrically inert to the electrolyte, mobility and diffusivity between electrodes of electrolytes and carriers, and metal electrodes. Therefore, heat resistance and oxidation resistance during sintering of the oxide semiconductor are required. Furthermore, in order to combine the bonding strength with the porous semiconductor and the flowability of the electrolyte, it is necessary to control the structure such as thickness, porosity, and pore diameter.
 本実施の形態例に係る集電体の製造方法は、第一の金属成分と第二の金属成分の合金からなるシートを形成する工程と、第一の金属成分に対して正の混合熱を有し、かつ第二の金属成分に対して負の混合熱を有するとともに、合金の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する第三の金属成分の金属溶融浴にシートを浸漬し、合金の状態図における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度で処理する工程と、処理後のシートを金属溶融浴より取り出す工程と、を有する。 The method of manufacturing a current collector according to the present embodiment includes a step of forming a sheet made of an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component, and positive mixing heat with respect to the first metal component. And having a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component, and immersing the sheet in a metal melting bath of the third metal component having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy, and in the phase diagram of the alloy And a step of processing at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the phase line temperature, and a step of removing the processed sheet from the metal melting bath.
 ここで、第一の金属成分は、好ましくは、Ti、W、Zr、NbおよびTaから選ばれる1種または2種以上であり、より好ましくはTiである。また、第二の金属成分は、Cu、Ni、CoおよびFeから選ばれる1種または2種以上であり、より好ましくはCuである。また、前記第三の金属成分は、好ましくは、Mg、CaおよびBiから選ばれる1種または2種以上であり、より好ましくはMgである。
 これら各金属成分の原料は、高純度の金属粉末が好ましいが、スポンジ金属粉末、ガスアトマイズ金属粉末、金属塊等であってもよい。
Here, the first metal component is preferably one or more selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta, and more preferably Ti. The second metal component is one or more selected from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, and more preferably Cu. The third metal component is preferably one or more selected from Mg, Ca and Bi, and more preferably Mg.
The raw material for each of these metal components is preferably a high-purity metal powder, but may be a sponge metal powder, a gas atomized metal powder, a metal lump or the like.
 第一の金属成分と第二の金属成分の合金からなるシートを形成する方法は特に限定するものではないが、単ロール急冷法(Melt-spinning method)を用いることは好適な実施態様である。
 単ロール急冷法は、結晶構造を持たないアモルファス合金の製造方法として知られており、得られるアモルファス合金は、強度等の特性に優れる。第一の金属成分と第二の金属成分を、例えば純Ar雰囲気下でアーク溶解法により溶解して合金を形成した後、再溶融し、例えば回転ドラムの表面で急冷することにより、アモルファス合金のリボンを得ることができる。
A method for forming a sheet composed of an alloy of the first metal component and the second metal component is not particularly limited, but it is a preferred embodiment to use a single-roll quenching method.
The single roll quenching method is known as a method for producing an amorphous alloy having no crystal structure, and the obtained amorphous alloy is excellent in properties such as strength. The first metal component and the second metal component are melted by, for example, an arc melting method in a pure Ar atmosphere to form an alloy, which is then remelted, for example, rapidly cooled on the surface of a rotating drum, to thereby form an amorphous alloy. A ribbon can be obtained.
 合金シートは、第一の金属成分に対して正の混合熱を有し、かつ第二の金属成分に対して負の混合熱を有するとともに、合金の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する第三の金属成分の金属溶融浴にシートを浸漬し、合金の状態図における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度で処理する。処理後のシートは金属溶融浴より取り出す。
 例えば、Miedemaのモデルを用いた計算によれば、第三の金属成分としてのMgと第一の金属成分としてのTiの間およびMgと第二の金属成分としてのCuの間には、それぞれ、16kJ/molおよび-3kJ/molの混合熱が発生する(日本金属学会欧文誌、2005年46巻2818項参照)。従って、その符号の正負から、MgとTiは相分離する一方で、MgとCuは混和体を形成する性質を有することがわかる。すなわち、Tiがシートに残存する一方でCuはシートから金属浴に溶出する。
 シートに残存するTiは周囲のTiと結合を繰り返してナノオーダーの寸法の微細粒子を形成する。そして、これら微細粒子が部分的に結合することによりナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔が形成される。
 ここで、MgにTiーCuからCuが溶出する際、Cuが溶出するところで、ナノサイズのTiの溶融液滴が生じる。溶融して生成したナノサイズ液滴は発生段階から時間が経過すると液滴同士が連結し、液滴が樹の枝状に連結した形状の溶融金属Tiの樹状塊が形成される。この溶融状態を保持すると枝状に成長した溶融金属塊が溶融金属の表面張力の影響で、周囲の微細液滴と合一しながらより球状塊に近づくような形状変化を生じ、金平糖のような形状を経由してより球形に近づく。本発明の溶融球状金属塊とは上記発生段階の樹状塊、球状塊、金平糖のような形状及び球形までに変化する過程のすべての形状を含む。
 微細粒子同士の結合が過度に進行すると、微細粒子の直径および貫通孔の直径はいずれもミクロンオーダーまで大きくなるに至る。ここで、ナノオーダーの寸法は、文字通り1μm未満をいい、より好ましくは平均空孔直径が10~990nmをいう。
The alloy sheet has a positive heat of mixing with the first metal component, a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component, and a third metal having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy. The sheet is immersed in the metal melting bath of the components and processed at a temperature lower than the minimum value of the liquidus temperature in the alloy phase diagram. The treated sheet is removed from the metal melting bath.
For example, according to the calculation using the Miedemma model, between Mg as the third metal component and Ti as the first metal component and between Mg as the second metal component and Cu as the second metal component, respectively, A heat of mixing of 16 kJ / mol and -3 kJ / mol is generated (refer to the Metallurological Society of Japan, Volume 46, 2818, 2005). Therefore, it can be seen from the sign of the sign that Mg and Ti are phase-separated while Mg and Cu have a property of forming an admixture. That is, while Cu remains in the sheet, Cu elutes from the sheet into the metal bath.
Ti remaining in the sheet repeats bonding with surrounding Ti to form fine particles having a nano-order size. These fine particles are partially bonded to form a large number of through holes having a nano-order diameter.
Here, when Cu is eluted from Ti—Cu into Mg, a nano-sized Ti molten droplet is generated where Cu is eluted. The nanosized droplets generated by melting are connected to each other as time elapses from the generation stage, and a dendritic mass of molten metal Ti having a shape in which the droplets are connected in the shape of branches of a tree is formed. If this molten state is maintained, the shape of the molten metal lump that has grown in a branch shape will change to a shape similar to that of a spherical lump while coalescing with surrounding fine droplets due to the influence of the surface tension of the molten metal. Get closer to a sphere via shape. The molten spherical metal mass of the present invention includes all the shapes of the above-mentioned generational stage dendritic mass, spherical mass, confetti, and the process of changing to a spherical shape.
When the bonding between the fine particles proceeds excessively, the diameter of the fine particles and the diameter of the through-hole both increase to the micron order. Here, the nano-order dimension literally means less than 1 μm, more preferably an average pore diameter of 10 to 990 nm.
 金属溶融浴での処理温度は、合金の状態図における液相線の最小値である温度よりも低い温度である。処理温度を液相線の最小値である温度より高い温度とすると、合金成分が溶融するため、本発明の効果が得られない。液相線の最小値である温度よりも低い処理温度は、合金成分の種類によって異なる。例えば、第一の金属成分としてTiを、第二の金属成分としてCuをそれぞれ用いた場合、液相線の最小値である1141Kよりも低い温度であって973K以上とすることが好適である。ここで、処理温度の下限は、金属溶融浴の第三の金属成分としてMgを用いた場合にMgが確実に溶融状態を保持できる温度である。
 シートを金属溶融浴に浸漬する時間は特に限定するものではなく、例えば数秒程度で十分である。
 処理温度や浸漬時間を変化させることにより、貫通孔の直径寸法や空隙率を変化させることができる。例えば、第一金属成分がチタン、第二金属成分が銅の場合、処理温度が低く、また、浸漬時間が短いほど粒径の小さいTi微粒子が生成し、通孔の直径寸法および空隙率がいずれも小さくなる。なお、貫通孔の直径寸法や空隙率は合金の組成を変えることによっても制御することで例えば、第一金属成分がチタン、第二金属成分が銅の場合、銅の存在比が多いほど、空隙率および平均空孔直径はいずれも大きくなる。
The treatment temperature in the metal molten bath is lower than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus in the alloy phase diagram. When the processing temperature is higher than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus, the alloy components are melted, so that the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. The processing temperature lower than the temperature that is the minimum value of the liquidus line varies depending on the type of alloy component. For example, when Ti is used as the first metal component and Cu is used as the second metal component, respectively, the temperature is preferably lower than 1141 K, which is the minimum value of the liquidus, and is set to 973 K or more. Here, the lower limit of the treatment temperature is a temperature at which Mg can reliably maintain a molten state when Mg is used as the third metal component of the metal melting bath.
The time for immersing the sheet in the molten metal bath is not particularly limited, and for example, about several seconds is sufficient.
By changing the treatment temperature and the immersion time, the diameter size and the porosity of the through hole can be changed. For example, when the first metal component is titanium and the second metal component is copper, the treatment temperature is low, and the smaller the immersion time, the smaller the particle size Ti fine particles are produced. Becomes smaller. In addition, when the first metal component is titanium and the second metal component is copper, for example, when the first metal component is titanium and the second metal component is copper, the diameter dimension and the porosity of the through hole are also controlled by changing the composition of the alloy. Both the rate and the average pore diameter increase.
 本実施の形態例に係る集電体の製造方法により得られる多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有する。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet obtained by the method for manufacturing a current collector according to the present embodiment has a molten spherical metal mass fused in a three-dimensional direction, and isotropic It has a large number of through-holes of nano-order diameter that are in continuous communication.
 シートを金属溶融浴に浸漬した状態では、ナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔、言い換えれば微粒子間の間隙にMg-Cuの合金液体(付着混和体)が充填され、間隙を満たす。このシートを金属溶融浴から取り出し、室温まで冷却することで、Mg-Cuの合金液体の一部はシートから除去されるが、残りはシートに付着物として残存する。
 このため、処理後の該シートを該金属溶融浴より取り出した後、酸またはアルカリで洗浄する工程をさらに有すると、Mg-Cuの合金液体の残存付着物を除去することができ、より好ましい。
In a state where the sheet is immersed in the metal melting bath, a large number of nano-sized through holes, in other words, gaps between the fine particles are filled with Mg—Cu alloy liquid (adhesive admixture) to fill the gaps. By removing the sheet from the metal melting bath and cooling it to room temperature, a part of the Mg—Cu alloy liquid is removed from the sheet, but the rest remains as deposits on the sheet.
For this reason, it is more preferable to further have a step of removing the treated sheet from the molten metal bath and then washing with an acid or an alkali because the remaining deposits of the Mg—Cu alloy liquid can be removed.
 つぎに、本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体(以下、これを単に本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池用集電体と略称することがある。)について説明する。 Next, a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell made of a porous metal sheet according to this embodiment (hereinafter simply referred to as a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell according to this embodiment). ).
 本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有する多孔質金属シートからなる。色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、貫通孔が全てナノオーダーの直径であることが望ましいが、必ずしもこれに限定するものではなく、一定程度の数の貫通孔がナノオーダーの直径であれば十分であり、その他の貫通孔はミクロンオーダーの直径であってよい。
 空隙率および平均空孔(貫通孔)直径は、水銀圧入法により測定して得られる値である。水銀圧入式細孔分布測定装置(CARLOERBA INSTRUMENTS社製PascaI 140およびPascal 440、測定可能範囲:比表面積0.1m/g以上、細孔分布0.0034~400μm)を用いて、圧力範囲0.3~400kPa、および0.1~400MPaの範囲で、圧入体積を円筒細孔モデルに従って、側面積として計算し測定する。
The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment has a large number of through holes having a nano-order diameter in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused to each other in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically. It consists of a porous metal sheet. The dye-sensitized solar cell current collector preferably has all through holes having a nano-order diameter. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and a certain number of through-holes have a nano-order diameter. The other through holes may be of the order of microns.
The porosity and the average pore (through hole) diameter are values obtained by measurement by a mercury intrusion method. Using a mercury intrusion type pore distribution measuring device (Pascal I 140 and Pascal 440 manufactured by CARLOERBA INSTRUMENTS, measurable range: specific surface area 0.1 m 2 / g or more, pore distribution 0.0034 to 400 μm), pressure range 0. In the range of 3 to 400 kPa and 0.1 to 400 MPa, the press-fit volume is calculated and measured as a side area according to the cylindrical pore model.
 本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、上記した本実施の形態例に係る集電体の製造方法により好適に得ることができるが、製造方法をこの方法に限定するものではない。 The dye-sensitized solar cell current collector according to this embodiment can be suitably obtained by the above-described method for producing a current collector according to this embodiment, but the production method is limited to this method. It is not a thing.
 色素増感太陽電池用集電体は、空隙率が20~90%であり、(シート)厚みが50nm~100μmであることが好ましい。空隙率は40~90%であるとより好ましい。厚みは200nm~25μmであるとより好ましい。
 空隙率が20%未満であるとシート内部での電解液の流通性や拡散性が悪くなるおそれがあり、90%を超えると多孔質半導体層との密着性や接合力が損なわれるおそれがある。また、90%を超えるとシートの強度が損なわれるおそれや電極として好適な導電性が得られないおそれがある。
 厚みが50nm未満であるとシートの強度が損なわれるおそれがあり、また、面積抵抗が大きくなるおそれがある。一方、厚みが100μmを超えるとシート内部での電解液の流動抵抗が大きくなりシートの内部あるいは両面間での電解質の流通性や拡散性が悪くなり、これにより、多孔質半導体層への電解質の均一な浸透が損なわれるおそれがある。
The current collector for the dye-sensitized solar cell preferably has a porosity of 20 to 90% and a (sheet) thickness of 50 nm to 100 μm. The porosity is more preferably 40 to 90%. The thickness is more preferably 200 nm to 25 μm.
If the porosity is less than 20%, the flowability and diffusibility of the electrolyte inside the sheet may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 90%, the adhesion and bonding force with the porous semiconductor layer may be impaired. . Moreover, when it exceeds 90%, there exists a possibility that the intensity | strength of a sheet | seat may be impaired or the electroconductivity suitable as an electrode may not be obtained.
If the thickness is less than 50 nm, the strength of the sheet may be impaired, and the sheet resistance may be increased. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 100 μm, the flow resistance of the electrolyte solution inside the sheet increases and the flowability and diffusibility of the electrolyte inside the sheet or between both surfaces deteriorates. Uniform penetration may be impaired.
 本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池用集電体を集電体に用いた色素増感太陽電池は、集電体を透過する電解質中の電荷の移動度が大きい。このため、色素増感太陽電池に用いたときに高い光電変換効率を得ることが期待できる。
 集電体のナノオーダーの直径を有する貫通孔が光電変換効率の向上に寄与するメカニズムは定かではないが、以下の作用効果が想定される。
 光電変換効率の向上は、電解質(電解質液)の導電性の向上によるものと考えられる。電解質(電解質液)の導電性の向上は、いわゆる電子ホッピング効果が考えられる。すなわち、電子キャリアである、溶媒和したヨウ素イオン等とカチオンとのイオン対が、ナノオーダーの直径の貫通孔を通過する過程で、規則的に整列した状態となり、隣接するイオン対同士で酸化還元反応が繰り替えされることにより、イオン対の移動現象とは別に、すなわちイオン対は動かなくとも電子のみが移動する現象を生じ、電荷が高速で運ばれるのではないかと考えられる。この場合、全体の貫通孔に占めるナノオーダーの直径の貫通孔の比率が高くなればホッピング効果がより増加するものと考えられる。
The dye-sensitized solar cell using the current collector for the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment as the current collector has a high charge mobility in the electrolyte that passes through the current collector. For this reason, it can be expected to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
The mechanism by which the through-hole having a nano-order diameter of the current collector contributes to the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency is not clear, but the following effects are assumed.
The improvement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency is considered to be due to the improvement in the conductivity of the electrolyte (electrolyte solution). A so-called electron hopping effect is considered to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte (electrolyte solution). In other words, ion pairs of solvated iodine ions, etc., which are electron carriers, and cations are regularly aligned in the process of passing through a through hole having a nano-order diameter, and redox between adjacent ion pairs. By repeating the reaction, it is considered that a phenomenon occurs in which only electrons move even if the ion pair does not move, that is, the charge is transported at a high speed. In this case, it is considered that the hopping effect is further increased if the ratio of through holes having a nano-order diameter in the entire through holes is increased.
 つぎに、本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池について説明する。
 図1に模式的に示すように、本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池10は、透明基板12と、カソード極となる導電性基板14と、透明基板12と導電性基板14の間に、透明基板12に近接してまたは接触して配置され色素を吸着した多孔質半導体層16と、多孔質半導体層16の透明基板12とは反対側に接触して配置されアノード極となる集電体18を備え、電解質20が封止される。集電体18は、上記の本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法により製造された多孔質金属シートまたは上記の本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体である。なお、図1中参照符号22は封止材を示す。
Next, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to this embodiment will be described.
As schematically shown in FIG. 1, a dye-sensitized solar cell 10 according to the present embodiment includes a transparent substrate 12, a conductive substrate 14 serving as a cathode electrode, and a space between the transparent substrate 12 and the conductive substrate 14. Further, a porous semiconductor layer 16 that is disposed in the vicinity of or in contact with the transparent substrate 12 and adsorbs the dye, and a collector that is disposed in contact with the opposite side of the porous semiconductor layer 16 to the transparent substrate 12 and serves as an anode electrode. An electric body 18 is provided, and the electrolyte 20 is sealed. The current collector 18 is a porous metal sheet manufactured by the method for manufacturing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell including the porous metal sheet according to the above-described embodiment, or the above-described embodiment. This is a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising such a porous metal sheet. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 22 indicates a sealing material.
 色素増感太陽電池用集電体18以外の色素増感太陽電池10の構成要素については、通常採用される適宜の材料を用い、適宜の方法で作製することができる。 The components of the dye-sensitized solar cell 10 other than the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 can be manufactured by an appropriate method using an appropriate material that is usually employed.
 透明基板12は、例えば、ガラス板であってもよくあるいはプラスチック板であってもよいが、プラスチック板を用いた場合、色素増感太陽電池に柔軟性を付与できるため、好ましい。プラスチック板を用いる場合、例えば、PET、PEN、ポリイミド、硬化アクリル樹脂、硬化エポキシ樹脂、硬化シリコーン樹脂、各種エンジニアリングプラスチックス、メタセシス重合で得られる環状ポリマ等が挙げられる。
 導電性基板14は、透明基板12と同様の基板を用い、基板の電解質20に向けた面の一部に、例えば、ITO(スズをドープした酸化インジウム膜)、FTO(フッ素をド一プした酸化スズ膜)、SnO膜、Ti、W、Mo、Rh、Pt、Ta等の金属膜等の導電膜を積層し、さらに導電膜の上に例えば白金膜等の触媒膜を設ける。また、透明基板を省略し、金属箔に白金膜等の触媒膜や層を設けても良い。金属箔は、好ましくは、Tiである。
The transparent substrate 12 may be, for example, a glass plate or a plastic plate, but using a plastic plate is preferable because flexibility can be imparted to the dye-sensitized solar cell. When using a plastic plate, for example, PET, PEN, polyimide, cured acrylic resin, cured epoxy resin, cured silicone resin, various engineering plastics, cyclic polymers obtained by metathesis polymerization, and the like can be mentioned.
As the conductive substrate 14, a substrate similar to the transparent substrate 12 is used. For example, ITO (indium oxide film doped with tin) or FTO (fluorine is doped) on a part of the surface of the substrate facing the electrolyte 20. A conductive film such as a tin oxide film), a SnO 2 film, a metal film such as Ti, W, Mo, Rh, Pt, or Ta is laminated, and a catalyst film such as a platinum film is provided on the conductive film. Further, the transparent substrate may be omitted, and a catalyst film or layer such as a platinum film may be provided on the metal foil. The metal foil is preferably Ti.
 多孔質半導体層16は、材料として、ZnOやSnO等適宜のものを用いることができるが、TiOが好ましい。TiO等の微粒子形状は特に限定するものではないが、1nm~100nm程度が好ましい。
 多孔質半導体層16は、TiOのペーストの薄膜を形成した後に、例えば300~550℃の温度で焼成する操作を繰り返して所望の厚膜にすると好ましい。
 多孔質半導体層16を構成する微粒子の表面に、色素を吸着する。色素は、400nm~1000nmの波長領域の少なくとも一部に吸収を持つものであり、例えば、金属フタロシアニン色素、金属ポルフィリンなどの金属錯体、フタロシアニン色素、ポルフィリン色素、ロダニン色素、クマリン色素、スクアリリウム色素、シアニン色素、ポリメチン色素等などの有機色素を挙げることができる。吸着の方法は特に限定されず、例えば、色素溶液に多孔質半導体層16を形成した色素増感太陽電池用集電体18を浸し微粒子表面に色素を化学吸着させるいわゆる含浸法を用いることができる。
 なお、光の捕集効率を上げるため、多孔質半導体層16の材料に200nm以上の散乱粒子を混ぜてもよい。また、対極側にこの散乱粒子からなる層を独立して設けてもよい。
The porous semiconductor layer 16 can be made of any suitable material such as ZnO or SnO 2, but TiO 2 is preferred. The shape of fine particles such as TiO 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 nm to 100 nm.
The porous semiconductor layer 16 is preferably formed into a desired thick film by repeating the operation of baking at a temperature of 300 to 550 ° C., for example, after forming a thin film of TiO 2 paste.
A dye is adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles constituting the porous semiconductor layer 16. The dye has absorption in at least a part of the wavelength region of 400 nm to 1000 nm. Examples thereof include organic dyes such as dyes and polymethine dyes. The adsorption method is not particularly limited. For example, a so-called impregnation method in which a dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 in which a porous semiconductor layer 16 is formed in a dye solution is immersed and the dye is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the fine particles can be used. .
In addition, in order to raise the light collection efficiency, you may mix the scattering particle | grains 200 nm or more in the material of the porous semiconductor layer 16. Moreover, you may provide the layer which consists of this scattering particle independently on the counter electrode side.
 透明基板12と多孔質半導体層16は接触していても、接触していなくてもどちらでもよいが、両者の間隔はなるべく短いほうがよい。また、導電性金属層18と導電性基板(対極) 14を接触しないように配置するため、例えば電解質20に対して耐腐食性を有し、かつ、電解質イオンの拡散を妨げないように十分な空孔を有するガラスペーパーなどのスペーサで絶縁する方法もある。色素増感太陽電池用集電体18と導電性基板14の間隔は100μm以
下であることが好ましく、25μm以下であるとさらに好ましい。
The transparent substrate 12 and the porous semiconductor layer 16 may or may not be in contact with each other, but the distance between the two is preferably as short as possible. Further, since the conductive metal layer 18 and the conductive substrate (counter electrode) 14 are arranged so as not to contact each other, for example, the conductive metal layer 18 is sufficiently resistant to the electrolyte 20 and does not hinder the diffusion of the electrolyte ions. There is also a method of insulating with a spacer such as glass paper having holes. The distance between the dye-sensitized solar cell current collector 18 and the conductive substrate 14 is preferably 100 μm or less, and more preferably 25 μm or less.
 電解質20は、特に限定されないが、例えば、ヨウ素、リチウムイオン、イオン液体、t-ブチルピリジン等を含むものであり、ヨウ素の場合、ヨウ化物イオンおよびヨウ素の組み合わせからのなる酸化還元体を用いることができる。また、コバルト等の金属錯体を酸化還元対として用いてもよい。また、この酸化還元体を溶解可能な溶媒を含むものであり、例えば、アセトニトリル、γブチロラクトン、プロピオニトリル、エチレンカーボネート、イオン性液体等が挙げられる。
 電解質20の注入方法は特に限定されず、例えば封止材22の一部をシールせずに開口部にしておき、その開口部から電解質20を注入し、開口部をシールすることもできる。また、導電性基板14の一部に予め開口部を設けておき、そこから電解質20を注入した後に開口部をシールすることもできる。
The electrolyte 20 is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, iodine, lithium ion, ionic liquid, t-butylpyridine, and the like. In the case of iodine, an oxidation-reduction body composed of a combination of iodide ions and iodine is used. Can do. Further, a metal complex such as cobalt may be used as the redox pair. Moreover, it contains a solvent capable of dissolving this redox substance, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, γ-butyrolactone, propionitrile, ethylene carbonate, and ionic liquid.
The method for injecting the electrolyte 20 is not particularly limited, and for example, a part of the sealing material 22 may be left as an opening, and the electrolyte 20 may be injected from the opening to seal the opening. Alternatively, an opening may be provided in advance in a part of the conductive substrate 14, and the opening may be sealed after injecting the electrolyte 20 therefrom.
 透明基板12と導電性基板14との間に電解質20を注入して封止する封止材22は、硬化後の厚みが100μm以下の熱可塑性樹脂シートや、光硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等を用いることができる。 The sealing material 22 for sealing by injecting the electrolyte 20 between the transparent substrate 12 and the conductive substrate 14 is a thermoplastic resin sheet having a thickness of 100 μm or less after curing, a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin. Etc. can be used.
 色素増感太陽電池は、厚み方向の積層順序を上記したものと同一にし、電極全体を円筒型にしたものであってもよい。 The dye-sensitized solar cell may be one in which the stacking order in the thickness direction is the same as described above, and the entire electrode is cylindrical.
 本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池は、高い光電変換効率を得ることができる。 The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment can obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
 なお、上記の本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池以外の色素増感太陽電池、例えば、透明基板に透明導電膜を設けたものに本実施の形態例に係る色素増感太陽電池の集電体を設けたものや、多孔質半導体層の透明基板とは反対側に接触して配置されるものとは別の部位に1または2以上の集電体が配置されるもの等、色素増感太陽電池全般について本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法により製造された多孔質金属シートまたは上記の本実施の形態例に係る多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体を適宜用いることができることは言うまでもない。 In addition, the dye-sensitized solar cell other than the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment described above, for example, the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the present embodiment is provided on a transparent substrate provided with a transparent conductive film. Dyes such as those provided with current collectors, or those in which one or more current collectors are arranged at a different site from those arranged on the opposite side of the porous semiconductor layer from the transparent substrate A porous metal sheet produced by a method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to the present embodiment for the entire sensitized solar cell, or the porous material according to the present embodiment described above Needless to say, a dye-sensitized solar cell current collector made of a porous metal sheet can be used as appropriate.
 以下、実施例により本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
(実施例1)
<多孔質チタンシート(A)の作製>
 純アルゴンガス雰囲気中、アーク溶解法によりCu:Ti原子比が7:3となる組成を有するCu70Ti30約30gを作製した。この母合金を純アルゴンガス雰囲気中、単ロール式急冷法を用いて、概略寸法が幅10mm、厚さ25μm、長さ50mmの箔状金属材料を作製した。
(Example 1)
<Preparation of porous titanium sheet (A)>
In a pure argon gas atmosphere, approximately 30 g of Cu 70 Ti 30 having a composition with a Cu: Ti atomic ratio of 7: 3 was produced by an arc melting method. Using this mother alloy in a pure argon gas atmosphere, a single-roll type quenching method was used to produce a foil-like metal material having approximate dimensions of width 10 mm, thickness 25 μm, and length 50 mm.
 つぎに、純マグネシウム約10gを内径30mm、深さ50mmの黒鉛製容器に挿入し、純アルゴンガス雰囲気中で高周波溶解し、液温を700℃(973K)に保持するように出力を調整してマグネシウム金属溶融浴を作製した。この温度は、Cu70Ti30合金から銅成分が減少し、チタン成分に至るまでの組成変動範囲内における液相線温度の最小値868℃(1141K)より低い温度である。上記箔状金属材料を、モリブデン製ワイヤーを用いて吊り下げ、上記マグネシウム金属溶融浴に1秒程度浸したのちに、アルゴンガス中に引き上げて冷却した。この間、上記箔状金属材料の中の銅元素は、上記マグネシウム金属溶融浴の中に溶出し、残存したチタン同士が結合を繰り返して微小粒状物を形成し、これらが部分的に結合することによって発生する間隙に、銅の溶出したマグネシウム成分による付着混和体が充填される。 Next, about 10 g of pure magnesium is inserted into a graphite container having an inner diameter of 30 mm and a depth of 50 mm, and high-frequency dissolution is performed in a pure argon gas atmosphere, and the output is adjusted so that the liquid temperature is maintained at 700 ° C. (973 K). A magnesium metal molten bath was prepared. This temperature is lower than the minimum value 868 ° C. (1141 K) of the liquidus temperature within the composition fluctuation range until the copper component decreases from the Cu 70 Ti 30 alloy and reaches the titanium component. The foil-like metal material was suspended using a molybdenum wire, immersed in the magnesium metal molten bath for about 1 second, and then pulled up into argon gas and cooled. During this time, the copper element in the foil-like metal material elutes into the magnesium metal molten bath, and the remaining titanium repeats bonding to form fine particulates, which are partially bonded. The adhering admixture of the magnesium component from which copper is eluted is filled in the generated gap.
上記マグネシウム金属溶融浴より引き上げて冷却した上記箔状金属材料を、ビーカー容器の中の0.1モル濃度に調節した硝酸水溶液の中に室温で30分入れて処理し、マグネシウムと銅成分による上記付着混和体を溶出させて除去した後、大気中に引き上げて乾燥を施し、多孔質チタンシート(A)を得た。 The foil-like metal material that has been pulled up and cooled from the magnesium metal molten bath is treated by placing it in an aqueous nitric acid solution adjusted to a 0.1 molar concentration in a beaker container at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the magnesium and copper components are used as described above. After the adhering admixture was eluted and removed, it was pulled up into the atmosphere and dried to obtain a porous titanium sheet (A).
 図2に多孔質チタンシート(A)を主面(表面)側から見たSEM写真を示す。 FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the porous titanium sheet (A) viewed from the main surface (front surface) side.
多孔質チタンシート(A)切断面の画像解析により、空隙率が約47%であり、表面積の体積に対する比で定義される比表面積が約2.4×10/mであることが算出された。 According to the image analysis of the cut surface of the porous titanium sheet (A), the porosity is about 47% and the specific surface area defined by the ratio of the surface area to the volume is about 2.4 × 10 7 m 2 / m 3. Was calculated.
 得られた多孔質チタンシート(A)の厚み、チタンの平均粒径、空隙率および平均空孔直径を表1に示す。なお、表1に示すように、水銀圧入法により測定して得られる空隙率の値は50%であった。 Table 1 shows the thickness of the porous titanium sheet (A) obtained, the average particle diameter of titanium, the porosity, and the average pore diameter. In addition, as shown in Table 1, the value of the porosity obtained by measuring by the mercury intrusion method was 50%.
<色素増感太陽電池(C-1)の作製>
 10mm×10mmにカットした多孔質チタンシート(A)の5mm×5mmの範囲にチタニアペースト(商品名NanoxideD、ソーラロニクス社製)を印刷し、乾燥後、450℃で30分、空気中で焼成した。焼成後のチタニア上に、さらにチタニアベーストを印刷、焼成する操作を合計3回繰り返し、チタニア層付き多孔質Tiシート基板を得た。
<Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cell (C-1)>
A titania paste (trade name Nanoxide D, manufactured by Solaronics) was printed in a range of 5 mm × 5 mm of the porous titanium sheet (A) cut to 10 mm × 10 mm, dried, and baked in air at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes. . On the titania after firing, the operation of further printing and firing the titania base was repeated a total of 3 times to obtain a porous Ti sheet substrate with a titania layer.
 N719色素(SOLARONIX社製)のアセトニトリルとt‐ブチルアルコールの混合溶媒溶液に、作製したチタニア層付き多孔質Tiシート基板を64時間含浸させ、チタニア表面に色素を吸着した。吸着後の基板をアセトニトリルとt‐ブチルアルコールの混合溶媒で洗浄して、色素吸着チタニア層付き多孔質Tiシート基板を得た。 The prepared porous Ti sheet substrate with titania layer was impregnated with a mixed solvent solution of N719 dye (manufactured by SOLARONIX) in acetonitrile and t-butyl alcohol for 64 hours, and the dye was adsorbed on the titania surface. The substrate after adsorption was washed with a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and t-butyl alcohol to obtain a porous Ti sheet substrate with a dye-adsorbed titania layer.
 12mm×30mm、厚み25μmのチタン箔を、上記色素吸着チタニア層付き多孔質Tiシート基板のチタニアペースト未製膜面の端部2mmに積層し、取り出し電極付きアノード極を得た。 A titanium foil having a thickness of 12 mm × 30 mm and a thickness of 25 μm was laminated on the end portion 2 mm of the surface of the porous Ti sheet substrate with the dye-adsorbing titania layer on which the titania paste was not formed to obtain an anode electrode with a takeout electrode.
 12mm×30mm、厚み30μmのチタン箔の片面に、白金を400nmスパッタさせ、Pt触媒層付きTi基板とした。さらに、上記Pt触媒層付きTi基板のPtのない面の端部2mmに15mm×40mm、厚み20μmのチタン箔を積層し、取り出し電極付きカソード極を得た。 Platinum was sputtered to 400 nm on one side of a 12 mm × 30 mm titanium foil having a thickness of 30 μm to obtain a Ti substrate with a Pt catalyst layer. Further, a 15 mm × 40 mm titanium foil having a thickness of 20 μm was laminated on the end portion 2 mm of the Pt-free surface of the Ti substrate with the Pt catalyst layer to obtain a cathode electrode with a takeout electrode.
 厚み60μmの樹脂シート(SOLARONIX社製、商品名MELTONIX1170-60)を貼合せた厚み125μmのPENフィルムの、上記樹脂シート面と、上記取り出し電極付きカソード極のチタン箔面が向き合うように積層した。さらに、上記取り出し電極付き対極のPt触媒層面に、厚み50μm、空隙率85%以上のガラスペーパーを積層した。さらに、上記取り出し電極付きアノード極のチタニアペースト未製膜面と、ガラスペーパーに向かい合うように積層した。さらに、厚み60μmの上記樹脂シートを貼合せた厚み125μmのPENフィルムの、上記樹脂シート面と、上記取り出し電極付きアノード極の色素吸着チタニア層面が向かい合うように積層した。また、カソード電極側のPENフィルムにφ3mmの電解液挿入穴を設けた。これらを温度130℃でロールプレスした。
 さらに、上記電解液挿入穴から、ヨウ素、LiIを含むγ-ブチロラクトン溶媒の電解液を減圧注入した後、電解液挿入穴をUV硬化樹脂で封止し、色素増感太陽電池(C-1)を得た。
A PEN film having a thickness of 125 μm bonded with a resin sheet having a thickness of 60 μm (trade name MELTONIX 1170-60 manufactured by SOLARONIX) was laminated so that the resin sheet surface and the titanium foil surface of the cathode electrode with the extraction electrode face each other. Furthermore, glass paper having a thickness of 50 μm and a porosity of 85% or more was laminated on the Pt catalyst layer surface of the counter electrode with the extraction electrode. Furthermore, it laminated | stacked so that the titania paste non-film-forming surface of the said anode electrode with a taking-out electrode might face glass paper. Furthermore, the PEN film having a thickness of 125 μm obtained by laminating the resin sheet having a thickness of 60 μm was laminated so that the surface of the resin adsorbing titania layer of the anode electrode with the extraction electrode faced each other. In addition, an electrolyte solution insertion hole of φ3 mm was provided in the PEN film on the cathode electrode side. These were roll-pressed at a temperature of 130 ° C.
Further, an electrolyte solution of a γ-butyrolactone solvent containing iodine and LiI was injected from the electrolyte solution insertion hole under reduced pressure, and then the electrolyte solution insertion hole was sealed with a UV curable resin, thereby obtaining a dye-sensitized solar cell (C-1). Got.
 得られた色素増感太陽電池の35、50、70、100mW/cmの強度の擬似太陽光をアノード極側から照射したときの短絡電流値を測定した。光量(光強度)ごとの短絡電流値を光量35mw/cm2のときの実施例1の値を1.00としたときの相対値として指標化して表2に示す。 The short-circuit current value was measured when the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell was irradiated with pseudo-sunlight having an intensity of 35, 50, 70, 100 mW / cm 2 from the anode electrode side. Table 2 shows the short-circuit current value for each light quantity (light intensity) as a relative value when the value of Example 1 when the light quantity is 35 mw / cm 2 is 1.00.
(実施例2)
 PENフィルムの代わりに、ガラス基板を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして色素増感太陽電池(C-2)を得た。色素増感太陽電池(C-2)の特性を表2に示す。
(Example 2)
A dye-sensitized solar cell (C-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a glass substrate was used instead of the PEN film. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell (C-2).
(比較例)
 多孔質チタンシート(A)の代わりに、大阪チタニウム製多孔質チタンシート(B)(商品名タイポラス)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして色素増感太陽電池(C-3)を得た。大阪チタニウム製多孔質チタンシート(B)の特性を表1に、色素増感太陽電池(C-3)の特性を表2に示す。
(Comparative example)
A dye-sensitized solar cell (C-3) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the porous titanium sheet (B) (trade name Typorus) made of Osaka Titanium was used instead of the porous titanium sheet (A). Obtained. Table 1 shows the characteristics of Osaka titanium porous titanium sheet (B), and Table 2 shows the characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell (C-3).
 表2より、実施例1、2では照射する光量(光硬度)の増加に伴い短絡電流値が大幅に増加するのに対して比較例では照射する光量(光硬度)が増加しても短絡電流値が顕著に増加していないことが分かる。このことは、実施例1、2では電子ホッピング現象も加わって光量の増加に伴って発生する電子量が増加するのに対して比較例では光量(光硬度)が増加してもチタンシートの貫通孔のサイズがミクロンオーダーと大きいため、顕著な電子ホッピング現象が現れていないことを示すものと考えられる。 From Table 2, in Examples 1 and 2, the short-circuit current value greatly increases as the amount of light (light hardness) to be irradiated increases, whereas in the comparative example, even if the amount of light (light hardness) to be irradiated increases, the short-circuit current It can be seen that the value has not increased significantly. This is because the electron hopping phenomenon is added in Examples 1 and 2, and the amount of electrons generated with the increase in the amount of light increases, whereas in the comparative example, even if the amount of light (light hardness) increases, the titanium sheet penetrates. It is considered that a remarkable electron hopping phenomenon does not appear because the hole size is as large as micron order.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 10 色素増感太陽電池
 12 透明基板
 14 導電性基板
 16 多孔質半導体層
 18 色素増感太陽電池用集電体
 20 電解質
 22 封止材
 24 多孔質焼結金属シート
 26 金属部
 28 孔部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dye-sensitized solar cell 12 Transparent substrate 14 Conductive substrate 16 Porous semiconductor layer 18 Current collector for dye-sensitized solar cell 20 Electrolyte 22 Sealing material 24 Porous sintered metal sheet 26 Metal portion 28 Hole portion

Claims (11)

  1.  第一の金属成分と第二の金属成分の合金からなるシートを形成する工程と、
     該第一の金属成分に対して正の混合熱を有し、かつ該第二の金属成分に対して負の混合熱を有するとともに、該合金の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する第三の金属成分の金属溶融浴に該シートを浸漬し、該合金の状態図における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度で処理する工程と、
     処理後の該シートを該金属溶融浴より取り出す工程と、
    を有することを特徴とする多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。
    Forming a sheet comprising an alloy of a first metal component and a second metal component;
    A third metal component having a positive heat of mixing with the first metal component and a negative heat of mixing with the second metal component and having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the alloy Immersing the sheet in a metal melting bath of the alloy and treating the sheet at a temperature lower than the minimum liquidus temperature in the phase diagram of the alloy;
    Removing the treated sheet from the molten metal bath;
    A method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet.
  2.  合金シートを形成する工程において、単ロール急冷法を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。 The method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein a single roll quenching method is used in the step of forming the alloy sheet.
  3.  処理後の該シートを該金属溶融浴より取り出した後、酸またはアルカリで洗浄する工程をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。 The collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 1, further comprising a step of washing the treated sheet with an acid or an alkali after removing the sheet from the molten metal bath. Manufacturing method.
  4.  前記第一の金属成分が、Ti、W、Zr、NbおよびTaから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。 The dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the first metal component is one or more selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta. A method of manufacturing a current collector.
  5.  前記第二の金属成分が、Cu、Ni、CoおよびFeから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the second metal component is one or more selected from Cu, Ni, Co and Fe. Body manufacturing method.
  6.  前記第三の金属成分が、Mg、CaおよびBiから選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein the third metal component is one or more selected from Mg, Ca and Bi. Production method.
  7.  溶融球状金属塊が3次元方向に相互に融着し、等方的に連通したナノオーダーの直径の多数の貫通孔を有する多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体。 A current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet having a large number of through-holes having a nano-order diameter in which molten spherical metal lumps are fused in a three-dimensional direction and communicated isotropically.
  8.  空隙率が20~90%であり、シート厚みが50nm~100μmであることを特徴とする請求項7記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 7, wherein the porosity is 20 to 90% and the sheet thickness is 50 nm to 100 µm.
  9.  Ti、W、Zr、NbおよびTaから選ばれる1種または2種以上の金属からなることを特徴とする請求項7記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体。 The current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a porous metal sheet according to claim 7, wherein the current collector comprises one or more metals selected from Ti, W, Zr, Nb and Ta.
  10.  透明基板と、カソード極となる導電性基板と、該透明基板と該導電性基板の間に、該透明基板に近接してまたは接触して配置され色素を吸着した多孔質半導体層と、該多孔質半導体層の該透明基板とは反対側に接触して配置されアノード極となる集電体を備え、電解質が封止されてなり、
     該集電体が請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体の製造方法により製造された多孔質金属シートであることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
    A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
    The current collector is a porous metal sheet produced by the method for producing a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6. Dye-sensitized solar cells.
  11.  透明基板と、カソード極となる導電性基板と、該透明基板と該導電性基板の間に、該透明基板に近接してまたは接触して配置され色素を吸着した多孔質半導体層と、該多孔質半導体層の該透明基板とは反対側に接触して配置されアノード極となる集電体を備え、電解質が封止されてなり、
     該集電体が請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の多孔質金属シートからなる色素増感太陽電池用集電体であることを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
    A transparent substrate, a conductive substrate serving as a cathode electrode, a porous semiconductor layer that is disposed between or in contact with the transparent substrate and adsorbs a dye, between the transparent substrate and the conductive substrate; Comprising a current collector disposed in contact with the opposite side of the transparent semiconductor layer to the transparent substrate and serving as an anode, and the electrolyte is sealed;
    A dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein the current collector is a current collector for a dye-sensitized solar cell comprising the porous metal sheet according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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