WO2013111858A1 - 電源切替装置及び配電盤 - Google Patents
電源切替装置及び配電盤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111858A1 WO2013111858A1 PCT/JP2013/051595 JP2013051595W WO2013111858A1 WO 2013111858 A1 WO2013111858 A1 WO 2013111858A1 JP 2013051595 W JP2013051595 W JP 2013051595W WO 2013111858 A1 WO2013111858 A1 WO 2013111858A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power system
- power
- voltage
- current
- load
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
- H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply switching device and a switchboard, and more particularly to a power supply switcher that switches between two power supplies depending on the situation, and a switchboard including the power supply switcher.
- the present invention has been made under the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to safely link a home power system having a distributed power supply system to a commercial power system.
- a power supply switching device is disposed on a primary side of a first disconnecting unit for disconnecting a power storage unit and a load from a power system, and a primary side of the first disconnecting unit.
- the first voltage detection means for detecting the voltage of the power system and the first disconnection means
- the first voltage detection means And a control unit that operates the first disconnecting unit based on a command from a user when the voltage is detected, and links the power storage unit and the load to the power system.
- the apparatus includes control means for connecting and disconnecting the power storage means and the load with respect to the power system based on a user command.
- control means for connecting and disconnecting the power storage means and the load with respect to the power system based on a user command.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a distribution board 30 according to the present embodiment and a load 40 connected to a single-phase three-wire commercial power system via the distribution board 30.
- the load 40 is, for example, an electric device used in the house 10, and is, for example, a home appliance such as an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a washing machine, a television, and a personal computer. Each of the loads 40 is connected to the switchboard 30.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the switchboard 30. As shown in FIG. 2, the switchboard 30 includes a main breaker 31, a remote disconnection breaker 32, a contactor 33, and a plurality of branch breakers 34.
- the main breaker 31 is a circuit breaker that divides an electric power system of an electric power company (hereinafter referred to as a commercial electric power system) and an electric power system of the house 10 (hereinafter referred to as an in-home electric power system).
- the main breaker 31 disconnects the home power system connected to the commercial power system from the commercial power system when an overcurrent flows from the commercial power system to the home power system.
- the commercial power system is drawn into the switchboard 30 via the watt-hour meter 20 and connected to the primary side of the main breaker 31.
- the remote shut-off breaker 32 is provided on the secondary side of the main breaker 31. This remote shut-off breaker 32 operates in response to a cut-off command from the monitoring device 60, and, like the main breaker 31, connects the home power system to the commercial power system and disconnects it.
- a voltage detection transformer VT1 and a pair of current transformers CT1 are provided on the primary side of the remote breaker 32. Further, the remote breaker 32 is provided with a voltage detection transformer VT2 and a set of current transformers CT2 on the secondary side.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a home power system on the secondary side of the main breaker 31.
- the home power system includes a neutral line L0 and power supply lines L1 and L2, and the neutral line L0 is grounded.
- the voltage detection transformers VT1 and VT2 are connected to the power supply lines L1 and L2. A voltage proportional to the voltage between the power supply lines L1 and L2 appears on the secondary side of the voltage detection transformers VT1 and VT2.
- a pair of current transformers CT1 1 and CT1 2 are provided in the power supply lines L1 and L2, respectively.
- the secondary current of the current transformers CT1 1 and CT1 2 is the current flowing through the power supply lines L1 and L2. Proportional current value.
- the contactor 33 is provided on the secondary side of the remote cutoff breaker 32.
- the contactor 33 is electromagnetically operated in accordance with an opening / closing command from the monitoring device 60, and links and disconnects the commercial power system and the home power system.
- the contactor 33 has a contact 33a provided on the power supply line L1, a contact 33b provided on the neutral line L0, and a contact 33c provided on the power supply line L2. .
- the respective contacts 33a to 33c operate in synchronization with an opening / closing command from the monitoring device 60.
- the contacts 33a to 33c are opened, the home power system is disconnected from the commercial power system, and the contacts 33a to 33c are connected.
- the domestic power grid is connected to the commercial power grid.
- the neutral line L0 on the secondary side of the contactor 33 is grounded.
- the branch breakers 34 are provided in parallel with each other on the secondary side of the contactor 33. Each of these branch breakers 34 is provided for each load 40 and power storage unit 50. By opening and closing the branch breaker 34, the load 40 and the power storage unit 50 can be disconnected from the power system.
- Each of the main breaker 31, the remote cutoff breaker 32, the contactor 33, and the branch breaker 34 described above is housed in a metal or resin casing.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the monitoring device 60 and the power storage unit 50.
- the power storage unit 50 is a unit for storing power supplied from the commercial power system. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the power storage unit 50 includes an inverter 51 and a storage battery 52.
- the storage battery 52 is a battery composed of a plurality of cells filled with an electrolytic solution.
- the AC voltage of the commercial power system is converted into a DC voltage by the inverter 51 and applied to the storage battery 52. Thereby, electric charges are accumulated in the storage battery 52.
- the DC voltage of the storage battery 52 is converted into an AC voltage by the inverter 51 and applied to the home power system. As a result, power is supplied from the power storage unit 50 to the home power system.
- the commercial power system is blacked out, power is also supplied from the power storage unit 50 to the monitoring device 60.
- AC / DC conversion and DC / AC conversion by the inverter 51 are performed based on instructions from the monitoring device 60.
- the power storage unit 50 can be interconnected in synchronization with the commercial power system.
- the monitoring device 60 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 61, a main storage unit 62, an auxiliary storage unit 63, an interface unit 64, and a system bus 65 that connects the above units to each other. Yes.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the CPU 61 executes predetermined processing to be described later according to a program stored in the auxiliary storage unit 63.
- the main memory unit 62 includes a RAM (Random Access Memory) and the like.
- the main storage unit 62 is used as a work area for the CPU 61.
- the auxiliary storage unit 63 includes a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a magnetic disk, and a semiconductor memory.
- the auxiliary storage unit 63 stores a program for executing processing to be described later, parameters, and the like.
- the interface unit 64 has a serial interface or an analog interface for receiving an analog signal. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the interface unit 64 is connected to the secondary terminals of the voltage detection transformers VT1 and VT2 and the secondary terminals of the current transformers CT1 and CT2 via a cable. Yes. The interface unit 64 is connected to the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50, the remote cutoff breaker 32, and the contactor 33.
- the CPU 61 measures the secondary side voltage of the voltage detection transformers VT1 and VT2 and the secondary side current of the current transformers CT1 and CT2 via the interface unit 64, thereby the primary side voltage V1 of the remote cutoff breaker 32.
- the secondary side voltage V2 and the primary side current I1 and the secondary side current I2 of the remote cutoff breaker 32 can be indirectly measured.
- the CPU 61 uses the primary side voltage V1, the secondary side voltage V2, the primary side current I1, and the secondary side current I2 to supply power from the commercial power system to the home power system, and from the home power system to the commercial power source.
- the power flowing backward to the power system can be calculated.
- the CPU 61 controls the output of the inverter 51 that constitutes the power storage unit 50 to limit the reverse power flow.
- the CPU 61 can store power in the storage battery 52 by outputting a storage command to the inverter 51. Further, by outputting the discharge command, the power stored in the storage battery 52 can be supplied to the home power system.
- the CPU 61 can disconnect the household power system from the commercial power system by operating the remote shut-off breaker 32 by outputting a shut-off command to the remote shut-off breaker 32. Further, the CPU 61 can disconnect the home power system from the commercial power system by outputting a disconnection command to the contactor 33. Then, by outputting the input command to the contactor 33, the home power system can be linked to the commercial power system.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the disassembling process executed by the CPU 61 of the monitoring device 60.
- This disconnection process is executed when the voltage of the commercial power system is healthy and the power storage unit 50 is charged.
- step S201 the CPU 61 determines whether or not a blackout has occurred in the commercial power system.
- the primary side voltage V1 becomes almost zero and becomes below the threshold value. Therefore, the CPU 61 compares the primary side voltage V1 with a threshold value. If the primary voltage V1 is equal to or lower than the threshold value, it is determined that a blackout has occurred (step S201: Yes), and the process proceeds to the next step S202.
- the frequency of the commercial power system for example, the system voltage zero cross
- the blackout is detected based on the detected frequency. It is good. Further, blackout may be detected based on other criteria.
- step S202 the CPU 61 outputs a disconnection command to the contactor 33, thereby opening the contactor 33.
- the CPU 61 opens the remote cutoff breaker 32 by outputting a cutoff command to the remote cutoff breaker 32.
- the home power system is disconnected from the commercial power system by the contactor 33 and the remote cutoff breaker 32.
- step S204 the CPU 61 outputs a discharge command to the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50. Thereby, direct current alternating current conversion is performed by the inverter 51, and the electric power stored in the storage battery 52 of the power storage unit 50 is supplied to the monitoring device 60 and the load 40 connected to the home power system.
- step S204 the CPU 61 ends the separation process.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the interconnection process executed by the CPU 61 of the monitoring device 60.
- the interconnection process will be described with reference to FIG. This interconnection process is executed when the commercial power system recovers from the blackout.
- step S301 the CPU 61 determines whether or not the voltage of the commercial power system has been restored.
- the CPU 61 compares the primary side voltage V1 with a threshold value. If the primary voltage V1 is greater than the threshold, it is determined that the commercial power system has been restored (step S301: Yes), and the process proceeds to the next step S302.
- step S302 the CPU 61 determines whether or not the remote cutoff breaker 32 has been turned on.
- the remote shut-off breaker 32 blocked by the monitoring device 60 is not turned on again, no voltage appears on the secondary side of the remote shut-off breaker 32. For this reason, the secondary side voltage V2 becomes zero.
- the remote cutoff breaker 32 blocked by the monitoring device 60 is turned on by the user, the voltage of the commercial power system appears on the secondary side of the remote cutoff breaker 32. For this reason, the secondary side voltage V2 becomes substantially equal to the rated voltage.
- the CPU 61 monitors the secondary side voltage V2, and if the secondary side voltage V2 is equal to or lower than the threshold value, it determines that the remote cutoff breaker 32 is not turned on (step S302: No), and returns to step S301. Thereafter, the processes in steps S301 and S302 are repeatedly executed until the determination in step S302 is affirmed.
- the CPU 61 determines that the remote cutoff breaker 32 has been turned on (step S302: Yes), and proceeds to the next step S303.
- step S303 the CPU 61 outputs a power storage command to the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50. Thereby, the supply of power from the power storage unit 50 to the home power system is stopped.
- step S304 the CPU 61 outputs a closing command to the contactor 33.
- the contactor 33 is inserted, and the home power system is connected to the commercial power system.
- charging of the storage battery 52 of the power storage unit 50 is started.
- the CPU 61 ends the interconnection process.
- the power supply switching device is configured by the monitoring device 60, the remote cutoff breaker 32, the contactor 33, and the voltage detection transformers VT1 and VT2. Then, after the commercial power system returns from the blackout, the monitoring device 60 checks whether the primary side voltage V1 and the secondary side voltage V2 of the remote cutoff breaker 32 are the rated voltages (steps S301 and S302). ). And when both the primary side voltage V1 and the secondary side voltage V2 become a rated voltage (step S301, S302: Yes), the contactor 33 is operated and a home electric power grid
- the remote shut-off breaker 32 when the remote shut-off breaker 32 is not turned on by the user, the secondary side voltage V2 becomes almost zero. For this reason, after the commercial power system is restored from the blackout, the home power system is not connected to the commercial power system against the intention of the user. This prevents the home power system from being connected to the commercial power system and charged against the user's intention. As a result, user safety is ensured.
- the remote cutoff breaker 32 is turned on by the user after the primary power voltage V1 reaches the rated voltage due to the recovery of the commercial power system from the blackout, the primary voltage V1 and the secondary voltage V2 are applied. Become the rated voltage, the contactor 33 is turned on by the connecting means, and the home power system is quickly connected to the commercial power system. This eliminates the need for the user to perform complicated work other than turning on the remote shut-off breaker 32. As a result, the safety of the commercial power system and the user is ensured.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the switchboard 30A according to the present embodiment, the load 40 connected to the single-phase three-wire commercial power system via the switchboard 30A, the solar power generation unit 80, and the like.
- a current transformer CT2 is provided on the secondary side of the contactor 33, and a branch breaker 35 is interposed between the current transformer CT2 and the contactor 33.
- the solar power generation unit 80 is connected to the switchboard 30 according to the first embodiment.
- the solar power generation unit 80 includes, for example, a solar cell panel disposed on the roof of the house 10 and an inverter 51 that converts the electromotive force generated by the solar cell panel into direct current alternating current.
- the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is connected to the home power system branched on the secondary side of the current transformer CT2. Therefore, by monitoring the direction of the secondary current I2 of the current transformer CT2, it is easy to determine whether or not the power supplied from the power storage unit 50 to the home power system is flowing backward to the commercial power system. Judgment can be made. Therefore, by quickly finding the reverse power flow to the commercial power system and controlling the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50, the reverse power flow to the commercial power system can be avoided, and thus the safety of the commercial power system with public utility Can be secured. On the other hand, it is not necessary to control the power from the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 in which reverse power flow to the commercial power system is recognized, and the configuration of the apparatus can be simplified.
- Step S302 when the commercial power system recovers from the blackout, the user operates the remote cutoff breaker 32 and triggers that the secondary voltage V2 of the remote cutoff breaker 32 has reached the rated voltage. (Step S302: Yes), the contactor 33 operates, and the domestic power system is connected to the commercial power system (Step 304).
- an input device 70 connected to the monitoring device 60 is provided, and when the user inputs an input command to the input device 70, the monitoring device 60 causes the contactor 33 to be connected. It is good also as making it operate
- the remote cutoff breaker 32 instead of the operation of the remote cutoff breaker 32, by realizing the interconnection of the system using the input command from the user as a trigger, the remote cutoff breaker 32 can be omitted and the power supply switching device can be realized.
- the remote breaker 32 is a breaker that can be operated by the monitoring device 60
- the contactor 33 may be connected in series instead of the remote cutoff breaker 32.
- the contactor 33 cannot be directly operated by the user.
- the monitoring device 60 operates the contactor 33 when receiving the input command from the user via the input device 70.
- the connection state of the power system is determined from the primary voltage V1 and the contact of the contactor 33 without monitoring the system voltage. be able to.
- the voltage detection transformer VT2 for measuring the secondary side voltage V2 may be omitted.
- the load 40, the power storage unit 50, and the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 are directly connected to the branch breakers 34 and 35 has been described.
- the load 40 and the like may be connected to the branch breakers 34 and 35 via the terminal 30 a.
- the monitoring device 60 is provided separately from the switchboards 30 and 30A.
- a microcomputer may be used as the monitoring device 60, and the monitoring device may be accommodated in the switchboards 30 and 30A.
- the power storage unit 50 may be a backup-only unit installed in the house 10, or may be, for example, a power storage unit including an electric vehicle battery and an inverter connected to a home power system. May be.
- the power storage unit 50 may be a power storage unit including a wind power generator and a battery.
- the specifications of the remote breaker 32, the contactor 33, and the plurality of branch breakers 34 described above vary depending on the scale of the house 10, etc. For this reason, it is desirable to arrange these devices on the secondary side of the main breaker 31.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the switchboard 30B according to the present embodiment and the load 40 and the like connected to the single-phase three-wire commercial power system via the switchboard 30B.
- the switchboard 30 ⁇ / b> B according to the present embodiment is different from the switchboards 30, 30 ⁇ / b> A according to the above-described embodiment in that the switchboard 30 ⁇ / b> B has two switches 36 instead of the remote breaker 32 and the contactor 33. is doing.
- the switch 36 is a latch type switch for separating the commercial power system and the home power system. This switch 36 has a tripping coil for separating the contacts and a closing coil for bringing the contacts into contact with each other.
- the switch 36 is opened in synchronization with the rise of the pulse signal.
- the binary pulse signal Sc is output from the monitoring device 60, the monitoring device 60 closes in synchronization with the rise of the pulse signal.
- the switch 36 maintains a mechanically closed state after being closed. For this reason, even if the supply of power is stopped due to a power failure, the commercial power system and the home power system are not automatically disconnected, and the state where both power systems are connected is maintained.
- the monitoring device 60 sets the pulse signal So to a high level for a predetermined time. Thereby, each switch 36 is opened, and the home power system is disconnected from the commercial power system.
- the monitoring device 60 sets the pulse signal Sc to the high level for a predetermined time. As a result, the switches 36 are closed, and the in-home power system is connected to the commercial power system.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the disassembling process executed by the CPU 61 of the monitoring device 60.
- This disconnection process is executed when the voltage of the commercial power system is healthy and the power storage unit 50 is charged.
- step S201 the CPU 61 determines whether or not a blackout has occurred in the commercial power system.
- the primary side voltage V1 becomes almost zero and becomes below the threshold value. Therefore, the CPU 61 compares the primary side voltage V1 with a threshold value. If the primary voltage V1 is equal to or lower than the threshold value, it is determined that blackout has occurred (step S201: Yes), and the process proceeds to the next step S211.
- Each of the two switches 36 is a normally closed type switch 36 that maintains a mechanically closed state. Therefore, the switch 36 maintains a closed state after the blackout occurs until a disconnection instruction from the user is input to the input device 70.
- step S211 the CPU 61 determines whether or not a disconnection instruction for disconnecting the home power system from the commercial power system is input to the input device 70.
- the CPU 61 returns to step S201. Thereafter, the CPU 61 repeatedly executes the processes in steps S201 and S211 until the determination in step S211 is affirmed.
- step S211: Yes when a disconnection instruction from the user is input to the input device 70 (step S211: Yes), the CPU 61 proceeds to step S212.
- step S212 the CPU 61 opens the two switches 36 respectively. As a result, the home power system is disconnected from the commercial power system by the two switches 36.
- step S204 the CPU 61 outputs a discharge command to the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50. Thereby, direct current alternating current conversion is performed by the inverter 51, and the electric power stored in the storage battery 52 of the power storage unit 50 is supplied to the monitoring device 60 and the load 40 connected to the home power system.
- step S204 the CPU 61 ends the release process.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the interconnection process executed by the CPU 61 of the monitoring device 60.
- the interconnection process will be described with reference to FIG. This interconnection process is executed when the commercial power system recovers from the blackout.
- step S301 the CPU 61 determines whether or not the voltage of the commercial power system has been restored.
- the CPU 61 compares the primary side voltage V1 with a threshold value. When the primary side voltage V1 is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the commercial power system has been restored (step S301: Yes), and the process proceeds to the next step S311.
- step S311 the CPU 61 determines whether or not a connection instruction for connecting the commercial power system to the home power system is input to the input device 70.
- step S311 the connection instruction from the user has not yet been input to the input device 70
- step S311 No
- the CPU 61 returns to step S301. Thereafter, the CPU 61 repeatedly executes the processes in steps S301 and S311 until the determination in step S311 is affirmed.
- step S311 Yes
- the CPU 61 proceeds to step S303.
- step S303 the CPU 61 outputs a power storage command to the inverter 51 of the power storage unit 50. Thereby, the supply of power from the power storage unit 50 to the home power system is stopped.
- step S312 the CPU 61 closes each switch 36 by setting the pulse signal Sc to a high level.
- the home power system is linked to the commercial power system.
- charging of the storage battery 52 of the power storage unit 50 is started.
- Each of the two switches 36 is a normally closed type switch 36 that maintains a mechanically closed state. For this reason, the switch 36 remains closed until a disconnection instruction from the user is input to the input device 70 even after blackout occurs.
- the switch 36 is closed, even if the pulse signal Sc becomes high level by the processing of step S312, the switch 36 is not operated and the closed state is maintained as it is.
- the CPU 61 ends the interconnection process.
- the CPU 61 determines whether or not a disconnection instruction from the user is input to the input device 70 (step S211). ). Then, only when there is a disconnection instruction from the user, the switch 36 is opened and the domestic power system is disconnected from the commercial power system (step S212), and then the power storage unit 50 to the load 40 is disconnected. Power supply begins. For this reason, discharge of the electrical storage unit 50 contrary to a user's intention can be prevented. As a result, the home power system is not unnecessarily disconnected from the commercial power system, and the home power system can be stably operated in accordance with the user's intention.
- the commercial power system when the commercial power system is blacked out for a few seconds or several minutes while the user is out, and then the commercial power system is restored, the user receives power via the home power system after returning home.
- the supplied electrical equipment can be used as usual.
- the discharge of the power storage unit 50 is not automatically started against the user's intention, it is avoided that the life of the power storage unit 50 is shortened due to unnecessary discharge. As a result, an inexpensive power storage unit 50 can be used, and further, the running cost of the power storage unit 50 can be reduced.
- the switch 36 constituting the switchboard 30B according to the present embodiment is a normally closed type switch that maintains a mechanically closed state once closed. Therefore, power consumption for maintaining the interconnection between the commercial power system and the home power system is suppressed.
- the switchboard 30B In the switchboard 30B according to the present embodiment, two switches 36 are connected in series. Thereby, even when the contact of one switch 36 is welded, the home power system can be disconnected from the commercial power system.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the switchboard may be constituted by three or more switches 36 connected in series.
- the switch 36 is a normally closed type switch that maintains a mechanically closed state after being closed once.
- the switch 36 may be a normally open type switch that maintains a mechanically open state after the switch 36 is once opened. In this case, power consumption for maintaining the disconnection between the commercial power system and the home power system is suppressed.
- the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 may be connected to the secondary side of the switch 36 connected in series like the switchboard 30C shown by FIG. 14, for example.
- switchboard 30C when power storage unit 50 stops discharging by the process of step S303, charging of power storage unit 50 by solar power generation unit 80 is started.
- the sale of surplus power by the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is started by the process of step S312.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the switchboards 30D and 30E according to the present embodiment and the load 40 and the like connected to the single-phase three-wire commercial power system via the switchboards 30D and 30E.
- the present embodiment has a point that the load 40 is connected to the commercial power system via two switchboards 30 ⁇ / b> D and 30 ⁇ / b> E, and an earth leakage breaker (ELCB: EarthELimited Circuit instead of the main breaker 31).
- EECB EarthELimited Circuit instead of the main breaker 31.
- the difference from the above embodiment is that a breaker 37 is provided.
- the distribution board 30D includes a leakage breaker 37, two switches 36, a branch breaker 34 to which the power storage unit 50 is connected, and a branch breaker 35 to which the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is connected.
- the switchboard 30E is provided with the earth leakage breaker 37 connected to the primary side of the branch breaker 34, and the branch breaker 34 to which the load 40 is connected.
- the earth leakage breaker 37 constituting the switchboard 30D operates when the zero-phase current of the commercial power system becomes equal to or greater than a threshold value. By operating the earth leakage breaker 37, the home power system is disconnected from the commercial power system. Moreover, the earth leakage circuit breaker 37 which comprises the switchboard 30E operate
- FIG. 16 is a wiring diagram of the switchboard 30D. As shown in FIG. 16, the distribution board 30D accommodates voltage detection transformers VT1 1 and VT1 2 and current transformers CT1 1 , CT1 2 , CT2 1 , CT2 2 , CT31 1 , CT3 2 .
- the primary side of the voltage detection transformer VT1 1 is connected to the neutral line L0 and the power line L1 on the secondary side of the leakage breaker 37. Then, the primary side of the voltage detection transformer VT1 2 is connected to the neutral line L0 and the power supply line L2 of the secondary side of the earth leakage breaker 37.
- the voltage detection transformer VT1 1, VT1 2 on the secondary side, these voltage detection transformer VT1 1, VT1 2 sizes voltage proportional to the voltage applied to the primary side V1 1, V1 2 appears.
- the primary sides of the current transformers CT1 1 and CT1 2 are connected to the power supply lines L1 and L2 on the secondary side of the leakage breaker 37, respectively.
- the primary sides of the current transformers CT2 1 and CT2 2 are respectively connected to the power supply lines L1 and L2 on the primary side of the branch breaker 34 to which the power storage unit 50 is connected.
- the primary sides of the current transformers CT3 1 and CT3 2 are respectively connected to the power supply lines L1 and L2 on the primary side of the branch breaker 35 to which the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is connected.
- the current on the secondary side of each current transformer has a value proportional to the current of the power supply lines L1 and L2 to which the primary side of the current transformer is connected.
- the currents I1 1 and I1 2 on the secondary side of the current transformers CT1 1 and CT1 2 are values proportional to the current flowing between the commercial power system and the home power system.
- the currents I2 1 and I2 2 on the secondary side of the current transformers CT2 1 and CT2 2 are the charging current flowing into the power storage unit 50 or the discharging current flowing out from the power storage unit 50 and the current consumed by the load 40 in the house
- the value is proportional to the current obtained by adding together.
- the currents I3 1 and I3 2 on the secondary side of the current transformers CT3 1 and CT3 2 are values proportional to the power generation current flowing out from the solar power generation unit 80.
- each current transformer is defined as a positive direction from the commercial power system to each device constituting the home power system.
- the power secondary current I2 N is a power storage if zero or more, can be determined not to be the backward flow to the commercial power system.
- the monitoring device 60 compares the secondary current I1 1 and the secondary current I2 1 (step S402), and if both values are equal (step S402: Yes), the current transformer CT1 1 it is determined that the current transformer CT1 2 directions, are equal connected power line (step S403).
- step S402 When the value of the secondary side current I1 1 and the value of the secondary side current I2 1 are different (step S402: No), the monitoring device 60 determines the value of the secondary side current I1 1 and the secondary side current I2 1. A value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 by -1 is compared (step S404). Then, when both values are equal (step S404: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 1 are different, the connected power line is determined to equal (step S405).
- Monitoring device 60 compares the value of the secondary current I1 1, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 1, in the case where both values are different (step S404: No) Then, the value of the secondary side current I1 1 is compared with the value of the secondary side current I2 2 (step S406). The monitoring device 60, when both values are equal (step S406: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 2, determines that equals connected power line (step S407 ).
- the monitoring device 60 compares the value of the secondary side current I1 1 and the value of the secondary side current I2 2 and when both values are different (step S406: No), the secondary side current I1 1 The value is compared with a value obtained by multiplying the value of the secondary side current I2 2 by -1 (step S408). The monitoring device 60, when both values are equal (step S408: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 2 are different, the connected power line is determined to equal ( Step S409).
- the monitoring device 60 compares the value of the secondary current I1 1, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 2, in the case where both values are different (step S408: No), it is determined that a disconnection has occurred in the current transformer (step S420).
- the monitoring device 60 determines that the direction of the current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 1 is equal to the connected power supply line (step S403), or the current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 1 orientations are different, when it was judged to be equal connected power line (step S405), and compares the value of the value of the secondary-side current I1 2 and the secondary-side current I2 2 (step S410).
- the monitoring device 60 when both values are equal (step S410: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 2 and current transformer CT2 2, it is determined that equals connected power line (step S411 ).
- Monitoring device 60 compares the values of the secondary current I1 2 and the secondary-side current I2 2, in the case where both values are different (step S410: No), the secondary current I1 2 It compares the value, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 1 (step S412).
- the monitoring device 60 when both values are equal (step S412: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 2 and current transformer CT2 1 are different, the connected power line is determined to equal ( Step S413).
- the monitoring device 60 compares the value of the secondary current I1 2, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 1, in the case where both values are different (step S412: No), it is determined that a disconnection has occurred in the current transformer (step S420).
- Monitoring device 60 a direction current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 2, when it is equal connected power line can be confirmed (step S407), or current transformer CT1 1 and the current transformer CT2 2 orientations are different, when it was confirmed the connected power line is equal (step S409) compares the values of the secondary current I1 2 and the secondary-side current I2 1 (step S414 ).
- the monitoring device 60 when both values are equal (step S414: Yes), the orientation current transformer CT1 2 and current transformer CT2 1, it is determined that equals connected power line (step S415 ).
- Monitoring device 60 compares the values of the secondary current I1 2 and the secondary-side current I2 1, in the case where both values are different (step S414: No), the secondary current I1 2 It compares the value, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 1 (step S416).
- the monitoring device 60 when both values are equal (step S416: Yes), the orientation of the current transformer CT1 2 and current transformer CT2 1 are different, the connected power line is determined to equal ( Step S417).
- Monitoring device 60 compares the value of the secondary current I1 2, and a value obtained by multiplying the value of -1 of the secondary side current I2 1, in the case where both values are different (step S426: No) Then, it is determined that the current transformer is disconnected (step S420).
- the monitoring device 60 determines whether or not the current transformer connection is normal (step S430). If the monitoring device 60 determines that the connection is normal (step S430: Yes), the erroneous connection detection process is terminated. On the other hand, when the monitoring device 60 determines that the connection is not normal (step S430: No), the monitoring device 60 displays an error to the user (step S431), and ends the erroneous connection detection process. In step S430, it is determined that the connection is not normal when it is determined that the direction of the current transformer is reversed or when it is determined that the current is disconnected. In addition, when it is judged that it is a disconnection, the case where the current transformer is connected to neutral track L0 is also included.
- the load 40 is connected to the commercial power via the switchboard 30D in which the two switches 36 are accommodated and the switchboard 30E in which the branch breaker 34 connected to the load 40 is accommodated. Connected to the grid.
- the latch-type switch 36 is often larger than a normal contactor. For this reason, if a switchboard is configured using a latch-type switch, it may be impossible to use a standard-sized casing. However, when the switchboard is divided into a plurality of parts as in the present embodiment, it is possible to configure the switchboard using a standard casing of an existing size. Thereby, the manufacturing cost of a switchboard can be reduced.
- the switchboard 30E according to the present embodiment has a configuration equivalent to that of a switchboard often used in general households. For this reason, the in-home electric power system which concerns on this embodiment is realizable only by providing the switchboard 30D which concerns on this embodiment in the primary side of the existing switchboard of a general household. Therefore, the household electric power system according to the present embodiment can be realized at a low cost in a general household.
- the switchboard constituting the home power system is composed of two switchboards 30D and 30E. For this reason, each switchboard is miniaturized and the degree of freedom of arrangement is increased.
- switchboard 30 ⁇ / b> D is configured by the earth leakage breaker 37, the two switches 36, and the branch breakers 34 and 35
- switchboard 30 ⁇ / b> E is configured by the earth leakage breaker 37 and the branch breaker 34.
- the apparatus accommodated in switchboard 30D, 30E can be selected freely.
- the casing used for the switchboards 30E and 30D is made of metal or resin.
- the switchboard is composed of two switchboards 30D and 30E, for example, the casing of the switchboard 30D that houses the switch 36 that is likely to ignite due to a rare short is made of metal,
- the other switchboard 30E may be made of resin.
- fire prevention measures such as enclosing the switch 36 with a metal plate may be performed only on the switchboard 30D.
- the erroneous connection detection process is executed after the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is stopped. Not only this but when the photovoltaic power generation unit 80 is generating electric power, the switch 36 can be opened and an improper connection can be detected similarly about current transformer CT3, CT2.
- the solar power generation unit 80 can control by itself the direction in which the current flows. For this reason, it is conceivable to perform the misconnection detection process based on the secondary side current of the current transformer CT3.
- the power switching device of the present invention is suitable for switching between a commercial power source and a power source installed in a home. Moreover, the switchboard of this invention is suitable for distribution of the electric power to a load.
- 10 houses, 20 watt-hour meters, 30, 30A-30E switchboard, 30a terminal, 31 main breaker, 32 remote breaker breaker, 33 contactor, 33a-33c contact, 34, 35 branch breaker, 36 switch, 37 earth leakage breaker, 40 load, 50 storage unit, 51 inverter, 52 storage battery, 60 monitoring device, 61 CPU, 62 main storage unit, 63 auxiliary storage unit, 64 interface unit, 65 system bus, 70 input device, 80 solar power generation unit, 304 steps , 660 monitoring device, CT1, CT2 current transformer, L0 neutral line, L1, L2 power line, VT1, VT2 voltage detection transformer.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の第1の実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。図1は本実施形態に係る配電盤30と、当該配電盤30を介して、単相3線式の商用電力系統に接続される負荷40等を示すブロック図である。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、第1の実施形態と同一又は同等の構成については、同等の符号を用いるとともに、その説明を省略又は簡略する。
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同一又は同等の構成については、同等の符号を用いるとともに、その説明を省略又は簡略する。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同一又は同等の構成については、同等の符号を用いるとともに、その説明を省略又は簡略する。
Claims (11)
- 電力系統から蓄電手段及び負荷を解列するための第1解列手段と、
前記第1解列手段の一次側に配置され、前記電力系統の電圧を検出する第1電圧検出手段と、
前記第1解列手段によって、前記電力系統から前記蓄電手段及び前記負荷が解列されているときに、前記第1電圧検出手段によって電圧が検出された場合に、ユーザからの指令に基づいて、前記第1解列手段を動作させて、前記電力系統へ前記蓄電手段及び前記負荷を連系する制御手段と、
を備える電源切替装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記第1電圧検出手段によって前記電力系統の電圧が検出されなくなったときに、前記第1解列手段を動作させて、前記電力系統から前記蓄電手段及び前記負荷を解列する請求項1に記載の電源切替装置。
- 前記第1解列手段の一次側に配置され、前記電力系統から前記蓄電手段と前記負荷を解列するための第2解列手段を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記第1解列手段とともに前記第2解列手段を動作させて、前記電力系統から前記蓄電手段及び前記負荷を解列する請求項2に記載の電源切替装置。 - 前記第1解列手段と前記第2解列手段との間に配置され、前記電力系統の電圧を検出する第2電圧検出手段を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記ユーザによって前記第2解列手段が操作されることで、前記第2電圧検出手段によって前記電力系統の電圧が検出されたときに、前記ユーザからの指令があったと判断して、前記電力系統へ前記蓄電手段及び前記負荷を連系する請求項3に記載の電源切替装置。 - 前記第1解列手段は、ラッチ式の開閉器である請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電源切替装置。
- 前記第1解列手段は漏電遮断器である請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の電源切替装置。
- 前記負荷に供給される電流を計測する電流計測手段と、
前記電流計測手段の一次側に接続される太陽電池と、
を備える請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の電源切替装置。 - 前記蓄電手段は、分散電源である請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の電源切替装置。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の電源切替装置と、
前記電源切替装置を収容する筐体と、
を備える配電盤。 - 前記筐体は、
前記第1解列手段を収容する第1の筐体と、
前記負荷を、前記電力系統から個別に切り離すためのブレーカを収容する第2の筐体と、
を備える請求項9に記載の配電盤。 - 前記電力系統から前記配電盤に供給される電流を検出する第1電流検出手段と、
前記負荷及び前記蓄電手段へ供給される電流を検出する第2電流検出手段と、
前記第1電流検出手段によって検出された電流と、前記第2電流検出手段によって検出された電流とを比較して、前記第1電流検出手段と前記第2電流検出手段の結線状態を検出する結線状態検出手段と、
を備える請求項9又は10に記載の配電盤。
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KR1020147020809A KR20140108704A (ko) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | 전원 전환 장치, 배전반, 감시 장치, 전원 전환 방법 및 기록 매체 |
EP13740689.8A EP2808971B1 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | Power supply switching device and switch board |
CN201380006632.2A CN104067475B (zh) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | 电源切换装置、配电盘、监视装置及电源切换方法 |
KR1020167025979A KR101741386B1 (ko) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | 전원 전환 장치, 배전반, 감시 장치, 전원 전환 방법 및 기록 매체 |
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US20140339900A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
US9825488B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
CN104067475A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
EP2808971A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2808971A4 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
KR20140108704A (ko) | 2014-09-12 |
CN104067475B (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
JP2013176278A (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
EP2808971B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
KR20160116350A (ko) | 2016-10-07 |
KR101741386B1 (ko) | 2017-05-29 |
JP5497115B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
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