WO2013099270A1 - 光源制御装置及び映像表示装置 - Google Patents
光源制御装置及び映像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099270A1 WO2013099270A1 PCT/JP2012/008405 JP2012008405W WO2013099270A1 WO 2013099270 A1 WO2013099270 A1 WO 2013099270A1 JP 2012008405 W JP2012008405 W JP 2012008405W WO 2013099270 A1 WO2013099270 A1 WO 2013099270A1
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- light source
- light
- source control
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- display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
- G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/317—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using slanted parallax optics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video display device such as a display and a light source control device used in the video display device, and in particular, in stereoscopic display of video, a position that can be freely selected by a plurality of people without using special glasses.
- the present invention relates to a video display device and a light source control device that can perform observations at the same time.
- a parallax barrier method and a lenticular lens method are known as methods that enable stereoscopic viewing without the viewer using glasses.
- the parallax barrier method is a method in which, for example, a light beam reaching the left and right eyes of the viewer is spatially divided for each pixel by installing a barrier in front of the display.
- a parallax barrier method when displaying an image on a display, a parallax image for the left eye is displayed on a pixel corresponding to the left eye, and a parallax image for the right eye is displayed on a pixel corresponding to the right eye. In this way, stereoscopic viewing with the naked eye is realized by synthesizing and displaying the image on the entire surface.
- the lenticular lens system is a system in which, for example, by installing a lenticular lens array on the front surface of the display, light reaching the left and right eyes of the viewer is spatially divided by the refractive action of the lens.
- Other video display methods are the same as the parallax barrier method.
- the video viewed by the viewer is reduced to at least 1/2 of the original resolution of the display. It is a point.
- the second point is that the optimal position where a stereoscopic image can be viewed is limited by the positional relationship between the display and the barrier or lenticular lens array.
- the viewing range is expanded, but this time, the video for the left eye and the video for the right eye are not separated, and crosstalk occurs. Since the crosstalk and the viewing range are in a trade-off relationship, there is a drawback that the viewer cannot view the 3D video at a free position.
- there is a drawback of reverse viewing in which the correspondence between parallax images entering the left and right eyes is reversed in relation to the disadvantage that the viewing position is limited.
- the third point is that the normal 2D image and the stereoscopic image cannot be switched and displayed.
- a mask pattern in which an opening and a shielding part are arranged and a lenticular lens are arranged between a surface light source and a transmissive display. Accordingly, it is possible to switch between two-dimensional video and stereoscopic video for display. At this time, the display method of the stereoscopic image is based on the lenticular lens method.
- the stereoscopic image display device of Patent Literature 2 includes means for detecting the viewer's pupil position by using an imaging device or the like and optimizing the checkered mask pattern arrangement. ing. As a result, the range in which the viewer can observe a good stereoscopic image is expanded.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a stereoscopic video display device that includes a lens array, a plurality of light sources associated with each lens, an optical element that diffuses light rays in a vertical direction, and a transmissive display for video display. ing.
- the lens array has a configuration in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses are stacked in the vertical direction of the display while the optical axes of the respective cylindrical lenses are slightly shifted in the horizontal direction.
- a plurality of LED (Light Emitting Diode) light sources are attached to the lens array on the incident surface side.
- the emitted light beam is a light beam whose horizontal width is determined by the stop.
- a plurality of light rays that are controlled from deflection in the horizontal direction emitted from the lens array are diffused beyond the height of the transmissive display for image display.
- the entire transmissive display for display can be illuminated.
- an exit pupil is formed at the pupil position of the viewer of the video display transmissive display while satisfying the conditions for irradiating the entire video display transmissive display. It becomes possible to view the video shown on the transmissive display for video display only from the viewpoint position.
- stereoscopic vision without glasses can be realized by forming exit pupils at the viewer's left and right pupil positions in a time-sharing manner and displaying left and right parallax images on the video display transmissive display in synchronization therewith. Can do.
- the parallax barrier can be changed by dynamically changing the exit pupil in combination with the detection of the viewer's pupil position using an imaging device or the like. Compared to the method and the lenticular lens method, there is an advantage that the limitation of the viewing range is reduced. Further, since the stereoscopic video display is performed by time division, there is no reduction in resolution compared to the two-dimensional video display.
- the viewing range problem has been improved to some extent in the above-described stereoscopic image display device of Patent Document 2, but it is not a complete free viewpoint, and in particular, the viewing position in the depth direction. Unable to respond to changes.
- the stereoscopic image display device of Patent Document 3 employs a time-division method, so that the resolution does not decrease, and the exit pupil position can be freely controlled, so that the viewing range is also a parallax barrier method or lenticular. Compared to the lens system, it is much improved.
- the first problem is that, when a plurality of vertically diffused light beams irradiate a transmissive display for image display, luminance unevenness occurs at the boundary between the vertically diffused light beams.
- the second point is that LEDs are currently used as the light source associated with the lens array, but LEDs have a limitation in arrangement density depending on the size of the light source. As a result, the horizontal angle at which the light beam can be deflected becomes a discrete value.
- the third point is that when the light beam is vertically diffused, the distance from the diffusing optical element so that the light beam is diffused by the height of the image display transmission display must be taken from the image display transmission display. is there. With respect to this point, there is a possibility that the distance from the optical element to the transmissive display for image display can be shortened by using the reflective optical system, but this is not practical because the optical system becomes complicated.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a video display device capable of viewing a stereoscopic video without restriction as in a two-dimensional video display without using glasses or the like, and a light source control device used in the video display device.
- a light source control device is a light source control device that controls the direction of a light beam in a predetermined first axial direction, and makes parallel light beams orthogonal to the first axial direction from an arbitrary position.
- a light source unit that emits light along a second axial direction; a light source control unit that controls an emission position of the parallel light beam of the light source unit; and one or more deflectors that deflect the parallel light beam emitted from the light source unit.
- the element is disposed obliquely with respect to the first axis direction, and is arranged in both the first element direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the element and both the optical axis direction and the first element direction. Different in the direction of the second element orthogonal to With a deflection action.
- the video display device using the above-described light source control device enables a viewer to view a stereoscopic video without restriction as in the case of two-dimensional video display without using glasses or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing a configuration of a video display device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Schematic perspective view showing the configuration of the surface light source shown in FIG. Top view of the video display device shown in FIG. Side view of the video display apparatus shown in FIG.
- the perspective view which shows the structure of an example of the deflection
- the perspective view which shows the installation state of the cylindrical lens in the video display apparatus shown in FIG.
- the figure which shows typically the emitted light from a cylindrical lens when a parallel light injects into the cylindrical lens inclined only inclination-angle (theta) from the horizontal state.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the slit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of stereoscopic vision by a transmissive display for video display of the video display device shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a light source unit that emits a plurality of parallel rays from an arbitrary position when a surface light source and a mask pattern portion are used in the video display device shown in FIG.
- generated by the mask pattern part shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a top view of only the surface light source, the mask pattern portion, the cylindrical lens, and the transmissive display for image display extracted from the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- Schematic diagram showing a ray path when a ray projected on xz coordinates forms an exit pupil The figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmission type display for an image
- Schematic diagram showing a light beam path when a vertical diffuser is added to the configuration shown in FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path to a viewing position by a light beam emitted from the right end of the cylindrical lens when a vertical diffuser is added to the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when the entire transmissive display for image display is irradiated using the configuration shown in FIG.
- Schematic diagram showing the parallel ray pattern and ray path when the exit pupil is formed at the right viewpoint position Schematic diagram showing the range in which the exit pupil can be formed in the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when two light beams are emitted from the right end of the deflection element array in the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when three parallel light beams are emitted from the deflection element array in the video display device shown in FIG.
- the figure which shows an example of the incident locus pattern used when displaying the three-dimensional image by a time division Schematic diagram showing the light beam path of the video display device shown in FIG. 35 when the incident locus pattern shown in FIG. 43 is used.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path of the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 53 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when two light beams are emitted from the right end of the deflection element array in the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 53 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when a plurality of parallel light beams are emitted from the deflection element array in the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 56 The figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmission type display for an image
- the schematic perspective view which shows typically the structure of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 4 of this invention. Schematic diagram for explaining the effect of improving the light source utilization efficiency by the upper and lower mirrors shown in FIG.
- the schematic perspective view which shows typically the structure of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. 62 is a plan view showing the path of a light beam passing through the field lens shown in FIG. 62 is a schematic diagram for explaining the viewing range expansion effect by the field lens shown in FIG.
- the schematic perspective view which shows typically the structure of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 6 of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the mirror and lens shown in FIG.
- the schematic perspective view which shows typically the structure of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 7 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the video display device 100 includes a light source control device 120, a video display transmission display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 120 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel light, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element 103, a slit 104, a vertical diffusion plate (first vertical diffusion plate) 105, and a vertical diffusion plate (first diffusion plate). 2 vertical diffusion plate) 106 and a light source control unit 108, and controls the direction of light rays in the x-axis direction (first axial direction) described later.
- a surface light source 101 and a mask pattern portion 102 constitute a light source unit, and the light source unit (mask pattern portion 102) has a z-axis direction (second) orthogonal to an x-axis direction (first axis direction) described later.
- a plurality of parallel rays are emitted from an arbitrary position of the mask pattern portion 102 along the axial direction of the mask pattern portion 102.
- the viewer 111 can view a stereoscopic video without restrictions as in the case of two-dimensional video display without using glasses or the like.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of the surface light source 101 shown in FIG. 3 is a top view of the video display device 100 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a side view of the video display device 100 shown in FIG.
- the coordinate system of the video display device 100 used in the following description is defined with reference to FIGS.
- the surface light source 101 a surface light source that emits parallel rays from the entire rectangular area (hatched area in FIG. 2) having a width w1 and a height h1 is used.
- the center of the rectangular area (light emitting surface) that is the parallel light emitting part of the surface light source 101 is the origin
- the parallel light emitting direction is the positive direction of the z-axis
- the height direction of the surface light source 101 is parallel.
- the upper direction when viewed from the viewer 111 is the positive direction of the y-axis
- the right direction when viewed from the viewer 111 and parallel to the width direction of the surface light source 101 is the positive direction of the x-axis.
- the position on the z coordinate of the light emitting surface is considered as the reference of the z coordinate
- the surface light source 101 includes, for example, a light source (not shown) having a small light emitting area, such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and a convex lens (not shown), and the convex lens is formed by installing the light source at the focal position of the convex lens. A parallel light beam with an area is emitted through.
- the surface light source 101 may be realized by arranging a plurality of pairs of convex lenses and light sources.
- an optical element having the same optical characteristics as the convex lens such as a Fresnel lens, may be used as the convex lens.
- the parallel light emitted from the surface light source 101 does not have to be perfect parallel light.
- the viewer 111 views a stereoscopic image displayed on the image display transmission display 107, the left and right image areas are mixed, and the cross light is crossed.
- the effect similar to that of the present embodiment can be achieved as long as talk does not occur and stereoscopic viewing is not disturbed.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are diagrams in which the coordinate system described with reference to FIG. 2 is added to the top view and the side view of the video display device 100 including the light source control device 120.
- the shape and size in the present embodiment will be described for each component.
- the mask pattern portion 102 has a rectangular area having a width w2 and a height h2, and the thickness of the mask pattern portion 102 is t2. When the z coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular area is z2, z2 ⁇ z1.
- the mask pattern unit 102 is configured by a transmissive display such as a liquid crystal panel, for example. When a transmissive display is used, the mask pattern unit 102 is configured to be able to emit a plurality of parallel rays by changing the transmittance of each pixel, and an aperture that transmits the parallel rays through any region in the rectangular region.
- the mask pattern having a desired shape can be generated by dynamically switching between the masking portion and the shielding portion that shields the parallel light beam, and the parallel light beam can be emitted from the opening portion of the mask pattern. That is, the mask pattern part 102 has an opening and a light shielding part, is configured to be able to arbitrarily change the position and shape of the opening, and emits parallel rays from any position on the exit surface of the rectangular area. Parallel rays of the pattern can be emitted.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an example of the deflection element 103 shown in FIG.
- a planoconvex cylindrical lens having a curvature only in the lens width direction is used as the deflection element 103.
- the deflection element 103 has a rectangular region having a width cw and a height ch, and the thickness of the deflection element (hereinafter also referred to as a cylindrical lens) 103 is t3.
- a plano-convex cylindrical lens will be described.
- various cylindrical lenses such as a biconvex, plano-concave, or biconcave cylindrical lens may be used, and optical characteristics such as a cylindrical Fresnel lens may be used.
- the same thin lens may be used.
- any optical element that can deflect parallel rays in a predetermined axial direction can provide the same effects as those of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the optical characteristics of the cylindrical lens 103 shown in FIG. 5.
- the upper part is a sectional view in the lens width direction
- the lower part is a sectional view in the lens height direction.
- the cylindrical lens 103 is a lens having a curvature only in one direction in the lens.
- the width of the cylindrical lens 103 is cw and the height is ch, in this figure, in the width direction orthogonal to the direction of the optical axis OA. It has a curvature only in the (first element direction) and no curvature in the height direction (second element direction) orthogonal to the direction of the optical axis OA and the width direction.
- the effective lens diameter of the cylindrical lens 103 is assumed to be equal to the width cw.
- the cylindrical lens 103 is different between the first element direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction of the cylindrical lens 103 and the second element direction orthogonal to both the optical axis and the first element direction. It has a deflecting action and is arranged obliquely with respect to the x-axis direction (horizontal direction). Therefore, by changing the incident position of the parallel light beam of the cylindrical lens 103, the direction of the light beam emitted from the cylindrical lens 103 in the x-axis direction (horizontal direction) can be changed.
- the focal length of the cylindrical lens 103 is f1
- the focal length is a distance in the optical axis direction from the principal plane 103a on the light emission side of the cylindrical lens 103 to the focal point FP.
- the deflection angle ⁇ in the width direction is determined by the distance f1 to the focal point on the side opposite to the incident surface and the width cw as shown in the upper part of FIG.
- the deflection angle ⁇ at a certain position 1 in the width direction when the lens width center is the origin is expressed by the following equation (1).
- the emitted light passes through a position deviated from the focus due to the influence of aberration, and thus includes some error.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an installation state of the cylindrical lens 103 in the video display device 100 shown in FIG.
- the cylindrical lens 103 When the cylindrical lens 103 is placed in a horizontal state so that the width direction of the rectangular region in the cylindrical lens 103 is parallel to the y-axis and the height direction is parallel to the x-axis, as shown in FIG.
- the lens 103 is installed at a tilt angle ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ [rad]) with respect to the x-axis from the horizontal state.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing light emitted from the cylindrical lens 103 when parallel light is incident on the cylindrical lens 103 tilted by the tilt angle ⁇ from the horizontal state.
- the upper left side of FIG. 8 is a front view of the cylindrical lens 103
- the lower left side is a top view of the cylindrical lens 103
- the right side is a side view of the cylindrical lens 103
- a round dot IP shown in the front view of the upper left side. Indicates the incident position of light.
- the deflection angle ⁇ ′ in the x-axis direction is expressed by the following formula (2) in consideration of the inclination angle ⁇ , and is also expressed in the y-axis direction.
- the deflection angle ⁇ ′′ is expressed by the following equation (3).
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the slit 104 shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the slit 104 shown in FIG.
- the slit 104 has a rectangular region having a width w4 and a height h4, and the thickness of the slit 104 is t4.
- z4 is close to (z3 ′ + f1). Is set.
- the slit 104 has an opening 104a (white portion) disposed obliquely corresponding to the obliquely inclined cylindrical lens 103, and the remaining hatched portion serves as a shielding portion 104b. Such a slit 104 is provided at the lens focal position.
- stray light SL is generated due to internal reflection or the like, and the slit 104 is provided in order to remove the influence of the stray light SL.
- a cylindrical lens or a cylindrical Fresnel lens is used as the deflecting element 103, parallel light incident on the lens is deflected by the refraction action of the lens and then condensed at the lens focal point. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, if a slit 104 having an opening 104a having a width SW is provided only in the vicinity of the focal position of the cylindrical lens 103, stray light can be obtained without losing light incident in parallel to the cylindrical lens 103. Can be removed.
- the light beam deflected by the cylindrical lens 103 theoretically passes through the lens focal position, but actually passes through a position slightly deviated from the focal point due to the influence of aberration or the like. Therefore, the width SW of the opening 104a of the slit 104 needs to be set to a size that does not cause a problem in practice.
- the vertical diffusion plate 105 diffuses the light beam whose direction in the x direction (horizontal direction) is changed by the cylindrical lens 103 only in the y direction (vertical direction).
- the vertical diffusion plate 105 is disposed at a position where only the light beam that has passed through the slit 104 is diffused, has a rectangular region having a width w5 and a height h5, and the thickness thereof is t5.
- the z coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular area of the vertical diffusion plate 105 is z5, z5 ⁇ z4 + t4.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an example of the vertical diffusion plate 105 shown in FIG.
- a lenticular lens 801 shown in FIG. It is assumed that diffusion of the lenticular lens 801 occurs only in a direction parallel to the y-axis direction.
- a lenticular lens is used as the vertical diffusion plate 105.
- the present invention is not particularly limited to this example, and any optical element that can diffuse incident light in only one direction can be used. The same effects as in the embodiment can be obtained. Further, the diffusing direction of the vertical diffusion plate 105 does not have to be strictly one direction, and when viewing a stereoscopic image at the viewing position, the left and right image areas are mixed, and crosstalk occurs so that stereoscopic viewing is not hindered. As long as the optical element has characteristics, the same effects as those of the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the lenticular lens 801 is composed of a plurality of minute plano-convex cylindrical lenses 802 arranged in the diffusion direction, and diffuses light rays in one direction.
- the parallel light beam is once condensed at a position separated by the focal length f2 of the cylindrical lens 802, and then diffused.
- the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 at this time is determined by the curvature and material of the cylindrical lens 802.
- light is incident from the plane side of the lenticular lens 801. However, even when light is incident from the curved surface side, the same diffusion effect is obtained.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a first diffusion state of the lenticular lens 801 shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a second diffusion state of the lenticular lens 801 shown in FIG.
- the lens pitch of the lenticular lens 801 (arrangement pitch of the plano-convex cylindrical lens 802) is sufficiently fine, diffusion by the lenticular lens 801 can be regarded as diffusing without a gap within a certain range as shown in FIG.
- diffusion by the lenticular lens 801 is shown in FIG.
- the diffusion range changes depending on the angle formed by the incident light beam and the lenticular lens 801. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, when a light ray is incident on the lenticular lens 801 obliquely from below, the diffusion range moves obliquely upward.
- the vertical diffusion plate 106 further diffuses the light diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 105 only in the y direction (horizontal direction).
- the vertical diffusion plate 106 has a rectangular region having a width w6 and a height h6, and its thickness is t6. If the z-coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular area of the vertical diffusion plate 106 is z6, and the z-coordinate of the main plane viewed from the light exit surface of the lenticular lens 801 used for the vertical diffusion plate 105 is z5 ′ (see FIG. 11), z6 ⁇ (z5 ′ + f2).
- the lenticular lens 801 shown in FIG. It is assumed that diffusion of the lenticular lens 801 used for the vertical diffusion plate 106 occurs only in a direction parallel to the y-axis direction.
- the diffusion angle ⁇ 2 of the lenticular lens 801 used for the vertical diffusion plate 106 may not be the same as the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 of the lenticular lens used for the vertical diffusion plate 105.
- the focal length viewed from the light exit surface of the lenticular lens 801 used for the vertical diffusion plate 106 is defined as f3.
- the vertical diffusing plate 106 will be described using the lenticular lens 801.
- the present invention is not particularly limited to this example, and any optical element that can diffuse incident light in only one direction. The same effects as in the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the diffusion direction of the vertical diffusion plate 106 does not have to be strictly one direction, and when viewing a stereoscopic video at the viewing position, the left and right image areas are mixed, and crosstalk occurs, so that stereoscopic viewing is not hindered.
- the optical element has characteristics, the same effects as those of the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the video display transmissive display 107 is formed of a transmissive display such as a liquid crystal panel, for example, and displays an image using diffused light emitted from the vertical diffusion plate 106.
- the video display transmissive display 107 has a rectangular display area having a width w7 and a height h7, and the thickness thereof is t7. If the z coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular display area of the image display transmission display 107 is z7, and the z coordinate of the main plane viewed from the light exit surface of the lenticular lens 801 used in the vertical diffuser plate 106 is z6 ′, z7 is It is set to be a value close to (z6 ′ + f3).
- the light source control unit 108 controls the surface light source 101 and the mask pattern unit 102 according to the control signal from the synchronization control unit 109, thereby controlling the parallel light beam emission position of the mask pattern unit 102.
- the light source control unit 108 controls the shape of the opening and the shielding unit of the mask pattern unit 102 to generate a desired mask pattern when the mask pattern unit 102 is configured by a transmissive display.
- the light source 101 and the mask pattern unit 102 are controlled.
- the light source control unit 108 changes the emission position of the parallel rays emitted from the mask pattern unit 102 by changing the position of the opening of the mask pattern unit 102.
- the light source control unit 108 can control the incident position of the parallel light beam of the cylindrical lens 103 by controlling the emission position of the parallel light beam of the mask pattern unit 102.
- the direction of the light beam in the x-axis direction (horizontal direction) can be controlled, and the light beam whose direction in the x-axis direction (horizontal direction) is controlled is converted by the vertical diffusion plates 105 and 106 into the y-axis direction (vertical direction).
- the light source control unit 108 stops the irradiation of the parallel light from the surface light source 101 at the time of a screen transition that occurs when the position of the opening and the light shielding unit of the mask pattern unit 102 configured by the transmissive display is changed. It is preferable that the irradiation of the parallel light from the surface light source 101 is restarted after the screen transition of the mask pattern portion 102 is completed. In this case, it is possible to prevent an unstable light beam from being emitted during screen transition.
- the synchronization control unit 109 controls the light source control unit 108 and the video display device control unit 110 so that the light source control unit 108 and the video display device control unit 110 operate in synchronization.
- the synchronization control unit 109 controls the video display device control unit 110 to determine a video to be displayed on the video display transmission display 107 in synchronization with the mask pattern generated by the mask pattern unit 102.
- the light source control unit 108 switches the condensing position of the diffused light emitted from the vertical diffusion plate 106 in a time-sharing manner according to the control signal from the synchronization control unit 109, so that the condensing position of the diffused light is determined by the viewer.
- the parallel light emission position of the mask pattern unit 102 is controlled so as to be the left eye and the right eye.
- the video display device control unit 110 for example, in accordance with a control signal from the synchronization control unit 109, displays the parallax video corresponding to the light collection position in synchronization with the switching of the light collection position by the light source control unit 108.
- the display transmissive display 107 By controlling the display transmissive display 107, the video displayed on the video transmissive display 107 is controlled.
- the viewer 111 is a person who views the video display transmission display 107.
- the z coordinate of the viewpoint position is set to z8.
- z8 ⁇ z7 + t7.
- the surface light source 101, the mask pattern portion 102, the tilted deflection element 103, the slit 104, the vertical diffusion plate 105, the vertical diffusion plate 106, and the transmissive display 107 for video display are displayed.
- the arrangement method is not limited to the above arrangement method as long as the viewer can perform stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the control device 120 with respect to a predetermined axial direction.
- each part in the shape of each part, as long as the viewer can perform stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 120 with respect to a predetermined axial direction, It is not limited to a rectangle.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining constraints on the cylindrical lens 103 and the transmissive display 107 for video display of the video display device shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 15 is a diagram of the cylindrical of the video display device shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the restrictions with respect to the lens 103 and a viewpoint position.
- the image display transmission type display 107 in the x-axis direction As shown in FIG. 14, the following expression (5) holds as a constraint condition between the coordinates (w7 / 2) of the screen end and the coordinates (w3 / 2) of the tilted cylindrical lens 103 in the x-axis direction. .
- the end coordinate (w3) of the tilted cylindrical lens 103 that is the lens width end in the x-axis direction.
- the viewer's viewpoint position 301 is determined so as to satisfy the above formula (6).
- the theoretical value of the deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX used in the equations (5) and (6) can be obtained from the equation (2).
- the equation (2) Does not necessarily match the value of. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to define the conditional expressions (5) and (6) using the actually measured values.
- the width in the x-axis direction is also set appropriately for the surface light source 101, the mask pattern portion 102, the slit 104, the vertical diffusion plate 105, and the vertical diffusion plate 106 so that the light beam passes through the effective range of each component. There is a need to.
- FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram of stereoscopic viewing by the transmissive display 107 for video display of the video display device 100 shown in FIG. 1 when the above configuration is used.
- the exit pupils of the vertically striped light beams emitted from the video display transmissive display 107 can be simultaneously formed at the left and right viewpoint positions of the viewers 111a and 111b. Therefore, as a result, a plurality of viewers can view autostereoscopic images simultaneously.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration of a light source unit that emits a plurality of parallel light beams from arbitrary positions when the surface light source 101 and the mask pattern unit 102 are used in the video display device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mask pattern generated by the mask pattern unit 102.
- the light source control unit 108 controls the surface light source 101 and the mask pattern unit 102, and the surface light source 101 emits parallel rays from the entire rectangular area having the width w ⁇ b> 1 and the height h ⁇ b> 1, 102 generates the mask pattern MP shown in FIG. 18, and the parallel light beam PL is emitted from an opening OP having a vertically long square at the center. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 18, a mask pattern MP that allows only the central parallel light beam PL to pass is displayed on the transmissive display used as the mask pattern portion 102. In this mask pattern MP, only the central white line portion is displayed. The opening OP is formed, and the other hatched portions are shielding portions.
- the mask pattern portion 102 made of a transmissive display is installed in the light emitting portion of the surface light source 101 that is a parallel light source, the parallel light PL is emitted only from the opening OP at the center of the screen.
- the shape of the opening of the mask pattern can be changed to an arbitrary shape by the light source control unit 108 controlling the mask pattern unit 102.
- FIG. 19 is a top view in which only the surface light source 101, the mask pattern portion 102, the cylindrical lens (deflection element) 103, and the transmissive display 107 for video display are extracted from the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. .
- the slit 104 is not shown for simplicity.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of the shape of a mask pattern generated by the mask pattern unit 102 in order to emit a parallel light beam that is a focused light beam at the viewpoint position 301, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the parallel light which injects into the cylindrical lens 103 from a mask pattern.
- the method of emitting a parallel light beam that is a light beam collected at the viewpoint position 301 is a parallel light beam emitted when the mask pattern MP1 shown in FIG.
- the mask pattern MP1 has an oblong opening OP1 inclined obliquely, and parallel rays are emitted from the opening OP1.
- the parallel light beam PL1 emitted from the opening OP1 is further tilted clockwise with respect to the central axis CA of the tilted cylindrical lens 103.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing a light ray path when the light ray projected on the xz coordinate forms an exit pupil
- FIG. 23 is a transmissive display 107 for displaying an image when the configuration shown in FIG. 22 is used. It is a figure which shows the state of the light ray in.
- the upper left part of FIG. 22 is a front view of the cylindrical lens 103 showing the parallel light beam PL1 incident on the cylindrical lens 103 as in FIG. 21, and the lower left part is the surface light source 101, the mask pattern portion 102, and the cylindrical part. It is a top view which extracted only the lens 103, the slit 104, and the transmissive display 107 for image display, and the upper right side shows only the surface light source 101, the mask pattern part 102, the cylindrical lens 103, the slit 104, and the transmissive display 107 for image display. It is the side view which extracted. In FIG. 22, for ease of illustration, five light beams PL2 among a plurality of light beams are shown as representatives.
- the parallel light beam PL1 incident on the cylindrical lens 103 shown on the upper left side of FIG. 22 is deflected by the cylindrical lens 103 and emitted as the light beam PL2.
- the light beam PL2 As shown on the lower left side of FIG. 22, on the xz coordinate plane, the light beam PL2 is , It converges to the viewpoint position 301 in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction).
- the light beam PL2 does not irradiate the entire surface of the image display transmission display 107 and does not converge to the viewpoint position 301 after passing through the image display transmission display 107.
- the vertical diffusion plate 105 using the lenticular lens 801 is installed at the position of the z coordinate z5 between the cylindrical lens 103 and the image display transmission display 107.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when the vertical diffusion plate 105 is added to the configuration shown in FIG.
- a vertical diffusing plate 105 is installed at a position of the z coordinate z5 between the cylindrical lens 103 and the video display transmissive display 107, and a light beam vertically diffused in the y-axis direction (vertical direction) is transmitted through the video display transmissive display 107.
- the z coordinates z5 and z7 and the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 are appropriately set so as to cover the screen height direction and irradiate in a vertical stripe shape.
- the diffused light PL3 longitudinally diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 105 can irradiate the entire surface of the transmissive display 107 for displaying images.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path to a viewing position by a light beam emitted from the right end of the cylindrical lens 103 when the vertical diffusion plate 105 is added to the configuration shown in FIG. 22, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmissive display 107 for an image display when the structure shown is used.
- the right end of the transmissive display 107 for video display is all caused by the diffused light PL5 longitudinally diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 105.
- the position in the height direction is irradiated, but as shown in the upper right side of FIG.
- the vertical diffusion plate 106 using the lenticular lens 801 is installed at the position of the coordinate z6 between the vertical diffusion plate 105 and the video display transmission display 107.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when the vertical diffuser 106 is added to the configuration shown in FIG. 25.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram of the video display transmissive display 107 when the configuration shown in FIG. 27 is used. It is a figure which shows the state of a light ray.
- the right end of the transmissive display 107 for image display is at all heights due to vertical diffusion by the vertical diffusion plate 105.
- the vertical stripe regions BL at all height positions on the right end of the screen of the video display transmissive display 107 are irradiated. Looks like.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when the entire video display transmissive display 107 is irradiated using the configuration shown in FIG. 27, and FIG. 30 shows a video display when the configuration shown in FIG. 29 is used. It is a figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmissive display 107 for an object.
- FIG. 29 illustrates a ray path of a line-shaped parallel ray PL1 emitted from all positions of the cylindrical lens 103 in the configuration in which the vertical diffusion plate 105 and the vertical diffusion plate 106 are added.
- the vertical diffusion by the vertical diffusion plates 105 and 106 has been described on the assumption that only the ideal vertical diffusion is performed.
- the diffused light curves in the x-axis direction as the longitudinal diffusion angle increases according to the deflection angle in the x-axis direction of the light rays incident on the vertical diffusion plates 105 and 106. Therefore, for example, in order to irradiate the entire screen end in the x-axis direction of the video display transmissive display 107, it is necessary to finely adjust the light beam emission position with respect to the emission position calculated from the theoretical formula.
- the exit pupil does not concentrate on one point but has a predetermined size.
- the size of this region is determined by the parallelism of light rays emitted from the surface light source 101 and the size of the opening of the mask pattern portion 102.
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing a parallel light beam pattern and a light path when an exit pupil is formed at the left viewpoint position
- FIG. 32 is a parallel light pattern and a light beam when the exit pupil is formed at the right viewpoint position. It is a schematic diagram which shows a path
- the mask pattern unit 102 when the exit pupil is formed at the left viewpoint position 301, the mask pattern unit 102 generates a mask pattern for emitting the parallel light beam PL, and the parallel light beam PL is generated from the opening of the mask pattern.
- the light is emitted and enters the cylindrical lens 103.
- the parallel light beam PL is incident on the lower side of the central axis CA, and enters closer to the central axis CA toward the left side. Accordingly, the parallel light beam PL is deflected by the cylindrical lens 103 so that the deflection angle becomes smaller toward the left side, and an exit pupil is formed at the viewpoint position 301 on the left side.
- the mask pattern unit 102 when the exit pupil is formed at the right viewpoint position 301, the mask pattern unit 102 generates a mask pattern for emitting the parallel ray PR, and the parallel ray is emitted from the opening of the mask pattern. PR is emitted and enters the cylindrical lens 103.
- the parallel rays PR are incident on the upper side of the central axis CA and are incident closer to the central axis CA toward the right side. Therefore, the parallel ray PR is deflected by the cylindrical lens 103 so that the deflection angle becomes smaller toward the right side, and an exit pupil is formed at the viewpoint position 301 on the right side.
- the formation position of the exit pupil can be changed by controlling the mask pattern of the mask pattern portion 102 and changing the irradiation position of the parallel rays irradiated to the cylindrical lens 103.
- the mask pattern portion 102 can form a mask pattern having an arbitrary shape, so that the parallel light beam PL shown in FIG. 31 and the parallel light beam PR shown in FIG. 32 can be emitted simultaneously, An exit pupil can be formed simultaneously for two viewpoints. Thereby, it is also possible to present an image simultaneously for a plurality of people.
- the formation range of the exit pupil at this time will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing a range in which an exit pupil can be formed.
- a light beam may be emitted from the screen end coordinate (w7 / 2) in the x direction of the transmissive display 107 for video display at a horizontal deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX.
- the viewable range VA is a hatched area in FIG.
- the shortest viewing distance V MIN is expressed by the following equation (7).
- V MIN w7 / (2 tan ⁇ ′ MAX ) (7)
- the shortest viewing distance V MIN is shorter than the optimum viewing distance Vd determined by the resolution of the video display transmission display 107.
- FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of presenting a stereoscopic video by time division in the video display apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- the synchronization control unit 109 controls the light source control unit 108 and the video display device control unit 110 in synchronization.
- the video display device control unit 110 switches and displays the parallax image LI for the left eye and the parallax image RI for the right eye on the video display transmission display 107 at a time division speed at which the viewer does not feel flicker. .
- the light source control unit 108 synchronizes with the switching of the parallax image, and the left eye mask pattern that forms the exit pupil at the viewer's left pupil position 301L and the right eye that forms the exit pupil at the viewer's right pupil position 301R.
- the mask pattern unit 102 is controlled so as to switch between the mask patterns. As a result, the viewer can view the stereoscopic video with the naked eye.
- the first embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. Therefore, according to the above configuration, in the present embodiment, while maintaining the depth to the level of the currently sold display, a plurality of people without glasses without causing degradation in the resolution of the display image and image quality deterioration such as luminance unevenness. Can simultaneously view a 3D image, display a 3D image with a limited viewing range, and easily switch between a 2D image display and a 3D image display. As a result, the viewer can view a 3D image without restriction as in the 2D image display without using glasses or the like.
- the video display device 100 preferably expands the width of the diffused light beyond the viewer's pupil distance. In this case, the viewer can view a brighter video.
- the video display device 100 expands the width of the stripe-shaped light beam formed by the diffused light beyond the pupil distance of the viewer and displays the video to be displayed on the video display transmissive display 107 regardless of the light collection position. It is preferable to display the same video. In this case, it is possible to display a bright two-dimensional image even with condensing position control by time division.
- the mask pattern portion 102 has an opening portion of the transmissive display as a full surface opening portion.
- the video on the transmissive display 107 for video display can be viewed within the direction control range of the diffused light.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the video display device 200 includes a light source control device 220, a video display transmission display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 220 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel light, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element array 203, a slit 204, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, and a light source control unit 108. Prepare.
- FIG. 36 is a conceptual diagram for describing a configuration for shortening the depth in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 36 is a side view in which the first vertical diffusion plate 105, the second vertical diffusion plate 106, and the video display transmission display 107 in the first embodiment are extracted.
- the vertical diffusion plate 105 and the image display transmission are transmitted from the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 of the vertical diffusion plate 105. It is necessary to determine the distance (z7-z5) from the mold display 107. In order to shorten this distance, in the configuration of the first embodiment, it is necessary to increase the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 of the vertical diffusion plate 105. To increase the diffusion angle ⁇ 1, the vertical diffusion plate in the first embodiment is used. There is a limit on the characteristics of the lenticular lens 801 used as 105.
- the distance (z7'-z5) between the vertical diffusion plate 105 and the video display transmissive display 107 is set to the distance (z7-z5) of the first embodiment. It can be shortened.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the deflection element 103 and the slit 104 are replaced with the deflection element array 203 and the slit 204, respectively.
- this point is different from that of the first embodiment and will be described in detail below, and the other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the deflection element array 203 shown in FIG.
- the deflection element array 203 in this embodiment has a rectangular region having a width cw and a height ch, and a plurality of deflection elements 103 having a thickness t3 are arranged on the x-axis.
- the optical element array is arranged side by side with a tilt angle ⁇ as a reference.
- a cylindrical lens having a curvature only in the lens width direction is used as the deflection element 103 as in the first embodiment.
- the deflection element array 203 configured as described above has a rectangular area having a width w9 and a height h9 as an optical functional surface as shown in the upper right side of FIG. 37.
- the center of the deflection element array 203 is the deflection It is on the center line of the element 103 in the height direction.
- a planoconvex cylindrical lens is used as the polarizing element constituting the deflecting element array 203, but various cylindrical lenses, for example, a biconvex, planoconcave, or biconcave cylindrical lens may be used.
- any optical element that can deflect parallel rays in a predetermined axial direction can provide the same effects as those of the present embodiment.
- the deflection angles of the light beams incident on the respective cylindrical lenses 103 inclined by the inclination angle ⁇ from the horizontal are the same as those in the expressions (2) and (3).
- the z coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular area of the deflection element array 203 is z9, z9 ⁇ (z2 + t2).
- FIG. 38 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the slit 204 shown in FIG.
- the slit 204 has a rectangular region having a width w10 and a height h10, and its thickness is t10. Assuming that the z coordinate of the incident surface of the rectangular region of the slit 204 is z10 and the z coordinate of the main plane viewed from the light emitting surface of the deflecting element array 203 is z9 ′, z10 is close to (z9 ′ + f1). Is set.
- the slit 204 has a plurality of openings 204a (white portions) arranged obliquely corresponding to the respective cylindrical lenses 103 inclined obliquely of the deflection element array 203, and the remaining The hatched portion is the shielding portion 204b.
- Such a slit 104 is disposed at each focal position of the deflection element array 203 serving as a lens array.
- the light beam deflected by the deflecting element array 203 theoretically passes through each lens focal position, but actually passes through a position slightly deviated from the focal point due to the influence of aberration or the like. Therefore, the width of the opening 204a of the slit 204 needs to be set to a size that does not cause a problem in practice.
- the deflection element array 203 and the slit 204 are arranged so that the width direction of each rectangular region is parallel to the x axis and the height direction is parallel to the y axis, and A video display device that is arranged so that the z-axis passes through the center, but allows the viewer to stereoscopically view by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 220 with respect to a predetermined axial direction.
- the installation method is not particularly limited, and various modifications can be made.
- the z-axis of the entire device in the video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 220 with respect to the predetermined axial direction, the z-axis of the entire device If the length in the direction can be shortened, the shape is not particularly limited to the above-described rectangle, and various shapes can be adopted.
- the tilted deflection element array 203 and the video display transmissive display 107 the following conditions are necessary for the viewer to observe the entire screen of the video display transmissive display 107. It needs to hold.
- the main plane z-coordinate viewed from the light exit surface of the tilted cylindrical lens used as the deflecting element 103 in the deflecting element array 203 is z9 ′, and from the end coordinate (w9 / 2) of the deflecting element array 203 in the x-axis direction.
- ⁇ ′ MAX the maximum horizontal deflection angle that can be emitted
- the screen end coordinates (w7 / 2) in the x-axis direction of the transmissive display 107 for image display and the end coordinates (w9) in the x-axis direction of the deflection element array 203 are displayed.
- the following equation (8) holds as a condition.
- the end coordinate (w9 / w) of the deflection element array 203 which is the lens width end in the x axis direction.
- the following formula (9) needs to hold.
- the viewer's viewpoint position 301 is determined so as to satisfy the above equation (9).
- the theoretical value of the deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX used in the equations (8) and (9) can be obtained from the equation (2).
- the equation (2) Does not necessarily match the value of. Therefore, in reality, it is necessary to define the conditional expressions (8) and (9) using the actually measured values.
- the surface light source 101, the mask pattern unit 102, the slit 204, the vertical diffuser 105, and the vertical diffuser 106 are also appropriately set in the x-axis direction width so that the light beam passes through the effective range of each component. There is a need.
- FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when two light beams are emitted from the right end of the deflection element array 203 in the video display device shown in FIG. 35.
- FIG. 40 uses the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a state of light rays in the transmissive display for video display, and FIG. 41 shows a light ray path when three parallel light beams are emitted from the deflection element array 203 in the video display device shown in FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram, and FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating a state of light rays in the transmissive display for video display when the configuration illustrated in FIG. 41 is used.
- each light beam emitted from the deflection element array 203 is There is a method of emitting parallel light rays that pass through all the x-coordinates in the video display transmissive display 107 and that are focused on the viewpoint position 301 when each light ray is projected onto the xz plane.
- FIG. 39 shows a case where a light beam passing through the right end in the x-axis direction of the image display transmission display 107 is emitted when the respective components are arranged so as to satisfy the above conditions.
- the difference between this case and FIG. 27 showing the same example in the first embodiment is the following two points.
- the first point is that the number of light beams emitted from the deflection element array 203 on the upper left side in FIG. 39 is two, and two parallel light beams P1 and P2 are emitted. This is because the number of cylindrical lenses at the x-coordinate h1 on the deflection element array 203 is increased, so that the ray path indicated by the arrow in the figure mapped to the xz plane can be emitted in the top plan view on the lower left side of FIG. This is because the position has increased.
- the second point is that, as shown in the side view on the upper right side of FIG. 39, the light emission position increases at the x coordinate h1, and the distance between the vertical diffusion plate 105 and the transmissive display 107 for image display becomes shorter. It is a point. For this reason, when the diffusion angle ⁇ 1 of the vertical diffusion plate 105 is the same as that in the first embodiment, the light beam vertically diffused in the y-axis direction as described in FIG. 24 changes the screen height direction of the transmissive display 107 for image display. When the covering distance (z13 ⁇ z11) is compared with the similar distance (z7 ⁇ z5) in the first embodiment, the relationship of the following expression (10) is established.
- the vertical stripe region BL at the right end of the screen of the transmissive display 107 for video display viewed from the viewpoint position 301 becomes bright.
- the plurality of cylindrical lenses are arranged obliquely, so that in each cylindrical lens, the x coordinate position (incident horizontal position) and the distance from the central axes CA1 and CA2 Since there are a plurality of positions where the same is present, a plurality of parallel rays having the same horizontal deflection angle can be emitted from specific x coordinate positions (horizontal positions) in the plurality of cylindrical lenses. Further, in the deflection element array 203, the direction in the x-axis direction (horizontal direction) is simultaneously changed by changing the incident position of parallel rays in the y-axis direction (vertical direction) at the same x-coordinate position (horizontal position). It is possible to emit a plurality of light beams.
- FIG. 41 shows a ray path when the ray is changed to a ray emitted from all positions of the deflecting element array 203.
- FIG. 41 As shown in the upper left part of FIG. 41, for example, when three line-shaped parallel light beams PL1 to PL3 are emitted from the deflection element array 203 as light rays emitted from all positions of the deflection element array 203, the viewpoint position When viewing the video display transmissive display 107 from 301, there is a light beam traveling from the entire display surface of the video display transmissive display 107 to the viewpoint position 301. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The entire screen BA appears to be illuminated.
- the exit pupil does not concentrate on one point but has a predetermined size.
- the size of this region is determined by the parallelism of light rays emitted from the surface light source 101 and the size of the opening of the mask pattern portion 102.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating an example of an incident trajectory pattern used when presenting time-division stereoscopic video
- FIG. 44 illustrates the video display illustrated in FIG. 35 when the incident trajectory pattern illustrated in FIG. 43 is used.
- 4 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path of the apparatus 200.
- the synchronization control unit 109 controls the light source control unit 108 and the video display device control unit 110 in synchronization, and the video display device control unit 110 controls the video display transmission type display 107.
- the parallax image for the left eye and the parallax image for the right eye are switched and displayed at a time division speed at which the viewer does not feel flicker.
- the light source control unit 108 forms a left eye mask pattern that forms an exit pupil at the viewer's left pupil position 301L and an exit pupil at the viewer's right pupil position 301R in synchronization with the switching of the parallax image.
- the mask pattern unit 102 is controlled so as to switch the mask pattern for the right eye in a time division manner.
- three line-shaped parallel light beams for left eye LP1 to LP3 and three line-shaped parallel light beams for right eye RP1 to RP3 are emitted from deflection element array 203. It is injected by division.
- the left-eye parallel rays LP1 to LP3 become rays LP that form an exit pupil at the viewer's left pupil position 301L, and the right-eye parallel rays RP1 to RP3 are the viewer's right pupil.
- the light beam RP forms an exit pupil at the position 301R, and the viewer can view a stereoscopic image with the naked eye.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an example of an incident locus pattern used when presenting time-division stereoscopic video to a plurality of viewers
- FIG. 46 is a case where the incident locus pattern shown in FIG. 45 is used. It is a schematic diagram which shows the light beam path
- the synchronization control unit 109 controls the light source control unit 108 and the video display device control unit 110 in synchronization, and the video display device control unit 110 controls the transmissive display 107 for video display.
- the parallax image for the left eye and the parallax image for the right eye are switched and displayed simultaneously to the plurality of viewers at a time division speed at which the plurality of viewers do not feel flicker.
- the light source control unit 108 forms an exit pupil at the left pupil position 301L of the first viewer in synchronization with the switching of the parallax image, and an exit pupil at the left pupil position 302L of the second viewer.
- a left-eye mask pattern to be formed, and a right-eye mask pattern that forms an exit pupil at the right pupil position 301R of the first viewer and an exit pupil at the right pupil position 302R of the second viewer The mask pattern unit 102 is controlled to switch in time division.
- the left eye mask pattern causes the three line-shaped left-eye parallel rays L11 to L13 for the first viewer and the second
- the three line-shaped left-eye parallel rays L21 to L23 for the viewer are simultaneously emitted from the deflecting element array 203, and the three lines for the first viewer are formed by the mask pattern for the right eye.
- Right-eye parallel rays R11 to R13 and three line-shaped right-eye parallel rays R21 to R23 for the second viewer are simultaneously emitted from the deflecting element array 203.
- the left-eye parallel rays L11 to L13 for the first viewer and the left-eye parallel rays L21 to L23 for the second viewer, the right-eye parallel rays R11 to R13 for the first viewer, and the second viewer can be emitted from the deflecting element array 203 in a time-sharing manner.
- the left light parallel rays L11 to L13 for the first viewer become the light LP1 that forms the exit pupil at the left pupil position 301L of the first viewer, and the first viewing.
- the right-eye parallel rays R11 to R13 for the user become the ray RP1 that forms the exit pupil at the right pupil position 301R of the first viewer, and the first viewer can view the stereoscopic video with the naked eye.
- the left viewer parallel rays L21 to L23 for the second viewer become the light LP2 forming an exit pupil at the left pupil position 302L of the second viewer, and the right viewer parallel rays R21 for the second viewer.
- R23 becomes a light ray RP2 that forms an exit pupil at the right pupil position 302R of the second viewer, and the second viewer can also view a stereoscopic image with the naked eye.
- a plurality of viewers can view stereoscopic images simultaneously with the naked eye.
- FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram in which a luminance attenuation state is added to the light beam path shown in FIG. 39
- FIG. 48 is a diagram in which a luminance attenuation state is added to the light beam state shown in FIG.
- the portion with high luminance is white and the portion with low luminance is black.
- the diffused lights PB1 and PB2 emitted from the vertical diffusion plate 105 are attenuated in luminance according to the distance from the center of the diffusion point.
- the luminance of the central portion B1 of the diffused light PB1 and the central portion B2 of the diffused light PB2 is the highest, and the luminance decreases as the distance from the central portions B1 and B2 decreases.
- the luminance change in the vertical direction becomes discontinuous.
- the human eye is sensitive to luminance discontinuity, the luminance change in the vertical direction is recognized as luminance unevenness. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to select the diffusion characteristics of the vertical diffusion plate 105 so that the luminance change becomes smooth.
- FIG. 49 is a schematic diagram in which a luminance attenuation state is added to the light ray path shown in FIG. 41
- FIG. 50 is a diagram in which a luminance attenuation state is added to the light ray state shown in FIG.
- the light source control unit 108 changes the opening amount of the mask pattern unit 102 in a stepwise manner according to the vertical position on the mask pattern.
- the diffusion distribution of the light emitted from 105 is made uniform.
- 51 is a diagram illustrating an example of the control of the opening amount of the mask pattern unit 102 by the light source control unit 108
- FIG. 52 is a video display corresponding to the control example of the opening amount of the mask pattern unit 102 illustrated in FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the brightness
- the light source control unit 108 has a mask pattern unit 102 so that the luminance of the intermediate part is highest in the vertical direction (y direction) of the opening of the mask pattern and the luminance decreases as the distance from the intermediate part increases.
- the opening amount of the opening is controlled.
- the present embodiment can obtain the same effect as that of the first embodiment, and the depth of the apparatus can be made shorter than that of the first embodiment. It can be made equivalent to a thin display on the market, and image quality deterioration such as luminance unevenness can be prevented.
- FIG. 53 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the video display device 300 includes a light source control device 320, a video display transmissive display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 220 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel rays, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element array 203, a slit 204, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, and two left and right mirrors 303. And a light source control unit 108.
- the present embodiment employs a configuration for shortening the lateral width of the entire apparatus as compared with the second embodiment, and is basically the same as the second embodiment, but a left and right mirror 303 is added. This is different from the second embodiment.
- the left and right mirrors 303 are mirrors that are disposed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the video display device 300 (light source control device 320) and reflect the light beam emitted from the deflection element array 203 to the inside of the device. .
- the left and right mirror 303 has a rectangular region having a width w15 and a height h15, and the thickness thereof is t15.
- the left and right mirrors 303 are installed on the left side surface and the right side surface between the slit 204 and the video display transmission display 107 so that the rectangular region is parallel to the yz plane.
- the left and right mirrors satisfy the following conditional expressions (11) to (13).
- 303 is installed. Note that the symbol x15 is determined depending on which of the left and right mirrors 303 is attached to the left and right sides of the apparatus.
- the expressions (5) and (8) are the limiting conditions, and the width direction of the transmissive display 107 for image display is larger than the size in the width direction of the deflection element 103 or the deflection element array 203.
- the size of was small.
- the use of the left and right mirrors 303 makes it possible to remove the restriction.
- the video display surface of the video display device 300 can be configured to have substantially the same size as the outer shape of a thin television that is currently on the market.
- the light beam passes through the effective range of each component.
- the left and right mirrors 303 are arranged so that the width direction of each rectangular region is parallel to the z coordinate and the height direction is parallel to the y axis.
- the length of the device in the x-axis direction can be shortened.
- the shape of the left and right mirrors 303 is also the same as that of the image display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 320 with respect to a predetermined axial direction.
- the rectangular shape is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be employed.
- FIG. 54 shows a case where a light beam that passes through the right end in the x-axis direction of the image display transmission display 107 is emitted when each component including the left and right mirrors 303 is arranged so as to satisfy the above-described conditions.
- . 54 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when two light beams are emitted from the right end of the deflection element array 203 in the video display device shown in FIG. 53
- FIG. 55 uses the configuration shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmission display 107 for image display at the time.
- FIG. 54 shows a similar example in the second embodiment. That is, in the case of the second embodiment, in order to emit a light beam that passes through the right end of the screen of the transmissive display 107 for image display and passes through the viewpoint position 301, the x coordinate in the deflection element array 203 is expressed by the conditional expression (8). Had to be emitted from a position larger than (w7 / 2).
- the left and right mirrors 303 on the left and right sides of the apparatus, as shown in FIG. 54, the light beam P1 emitted from the position where the x coordinate in the deflection element array 203 is smaller than (w7 / 2), P2 is reflected by the left and right mirrors 303 and reaches the viewpoint position 301.
- the vertical stripe region BL at the right end of the screen of the transmissive display 107 for video display viewed from the viewpoint position 301 becomes bright.
- FIG. 56 illustrates a light beam path when the above light beam is changed to a light beam emitted from all positions of the deflection element array 203.
- 56 is a schematic diagram showing a light beam path when a plurality of parallel light beams are emitted from the deflection element array in the video display device shown in FIG. 53
- FIG. 57 is a video image when the configuration shown in FIG. 56 is used. It is a figure which shows the state of the light ray in the transmissive display for a display.
- the light beam PL1 passing directly through the viewpoint position 301 is indicated by a solid line, and after being reflected by the left and right mirrors 303, the light beam PL2 passing through the viewpoint position 301 is indicated by a broken line. ing.
- the plurality of line-shaped parallel light beams PL1 and PL2 are emitted from the deflecting element array 203, when the image display transmission display 107 is viewed from the viewpoint position 301, image display is performed. Since there is a light beam that travels from the entire display surface of the transmissive display 107 for the display to the viewpoint position 301, the entire screen BA of the transmissive display 107 for image display appears as shown in FIG.
- the exit pupil does not concentrate on one point but has a predetermined size.
- the size of this region is determined by the parallelism of light rays emitted from the surface light source 101 and the size of the opening of the mask pattern portion 102.
- FIG. 58 is a schematic diagram for explaining the relationship between the small tilt angle ⁇ of the deflecting element array 203 and the light beam deflection range
- FIG. 59 shows the large tilt angle ⁇ of the deflecting element array 203 and the light beam deflection range. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the relationship.
- the tilt angle ⁇ of the deflection element array 203 differs in the tilt angle ⁇ of the deflection element array 203, and in FIG. 59, the tilt angle ⁇ of the cylindrical lenses constituting the deflection element array 203 is larger than that in FIG.
- the lengths hc1 and hc2 in the y-axis direction of the cylindrical lens represented by arrows are represented by hc in Expression (4).
- the horizontal deflectable range (hatched area in the figure) of the light beam at the x coordinate position of the deflection element array 203 corresponding to the length hc1 in the y-axis direction of the upper part is shown.
- the deflectable range follows ⁇ ′ MAX .
- FIG. 59 when the lens tilt angle ⁇ is increased and the length hc2 of the cylindrical lens in the y-axis direction is larger than the height h9 of the deflection element array 203, it is surrounded by a dotted line shown in the lower stage.
- the portion DA surrounded by the dotted line corresponds to the portion surrounded by the upper circle.
- the occurrence of an area that cannot be deflected in the deflecting element array 203 means that an area in which the entire screen cannot be viewed also appears in the viewable area VA indicated by the oblique lines in FIG. In order to avoid this, as shown in FIG. 58, it is necessary to provide a restriction so that the lens tilt angle ⁇ does not become too large.
- the length hc of the cylindrical lens in the y-axis direction needs to be smaller than the height h9 of the deflection element array 203, and the following formula (14) needs to be satisfied.
- the vertical diffusion plate 105 in order to suppress the brightness unevenness in the vertical direction at the time of diffusion by the vertical diffusion plate 105, it is preferable that there are two positions on the same x coordinate of the deflection element array 203 that can emit light. In order to satisfy this condition, the length twice the length hc of the cylindrical lens in the y-axis direction needs to be smaller than the height of the deflection element array 203, and the following formula (15) needs to be satisfied.
- the shortest viewing distance V MIN is determined by the horizontal deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX from the screen end coordinate (w7 / 2) in the x direction of the transmissive display 107 for video display.
- Deflection angle phi 'MAX since represented by the formula (2), wherein the (2) tan [phi' summary In MAX, the following equation (17).
- V MIN w7 / (2 tan ⁇ ′ MAX ) (18)
- the lower limit of the tilt angle ⁇ of the deflection element array 203 is the following equation (19).
- the tilt angle ⁇ of the deflection element array 203 satisfies the following formula.
- the viewer can view the entire screen of the video display transmissive display 107 in the viewing area and can also view an optimal video suitable for the resolution of the video display transmissive display 107. .
- the left and right mirrors 303 are added to the second embodiment. However, by adding the left and right mirrors 303 to the first embodiment as well, the entire apparatus is similar to the above. The left and right width can be shortened.
- FIG. 60 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the video display device 400 includes a light source control device 420, a video display transmissive display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 420 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel rays, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element array 203, a slit 204, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, and two left and right mirrors 303. And two upper and lower mirrors 401 and a light source control unit 108.
- the present embodiment employs a configuration for increasing the light source utilization efficiency as compared to the third embodiment, and is basically the same as the third embodiment, but an upper and lower mirror 401 is added. This is different from the third embodiment.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the video display device 400 (light source control device 420), and are mirrors that reflect the light emitted from the deflection element array 203 to the inside of the device.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 have a rectangular region with a width w16 and a height h16, and the thickness thereof is t16.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are installed on the upper and lower surfaces between the slit 204 and the video display transmission display 107 so that the rectangular region is parallel to the xz plane.
- the upper and lower mirrors satisfy the following conditional expressions (21) to (23). 401 is installed. Note that the sign of y16 is determined depending on which of the upper and lower mirrors 401 is attached to the upper and lower sides of the apparatus.
- the light beam passes through the effective range of each component.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are arranged such that the width direction of each rectangular region is parallel to the z coordinate and the height direction is parallel to the x axis.
- the above installation method is used. There is no particular limitation, and various changes can be made.
- the shape of the upper and lower mirrors 401 is also the same as that of the device in the video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 420 with respect to a predetermined axial direction. If the light source utilization efficiency can be increased, the shape is not particularly limited to the above-described rectangle, and various shapes can be adopted.
- FIG. 61 is a schematic diagram for explaining the effect of improving the light source utilization efficiency by the upper and lower mirrors 401 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 61 is a side view when the upper and lower mirrors 401 are not arranged.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are not arranged, a part of the light vertically diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 105 does not pass through the transmissive display 107 for displaying an image, as in a circled portion in the figure.
- the lower part of FIG. 61 is a side view when the upper and lower mirrors 401 are arranged as in the present embodiment.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are attached, the above light disappears. Accordingly, since the light reflected by the upper and lower mirrors 401 is diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 106, the number of light rays that finally pass through the viewpoint position increases.
- the configuration for improving the light source utilization efficiency in the fourth embodiment has been described with reference to FIGS. 60 and 61.
- the upper and lower mirrors 401 are added to the third embodiment.
- the light source of the light source is similar to the above. Use efficiency can be increased.
- FIG. 62 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the video display device 500 includes a light source control device 520, a video display transmission display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 520 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel light, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element 103, a slit 104, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, a field lens 501, and light source control. Unit 108.
- the present embodiment employs a configuration for expanding the viewing range compared to the first embodiment, and is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that a field lens 501 is added. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the field lens 501 is disposed between the vertical diffusion plate 106 and the transmissive display 107 for image display, and changes the traveling direction of the diffused light diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 106.
- the field lens 501 has a rectangular region having a width w17 and a height h17, and the thickness thereof is t17. Therefore, if the z coordinate of the incident surface of the field lens 501 is z17, z17 ⁇ (z6 + t6) is satisfied, and if the z coordinate of the video display transmissive display 107 is z18, z18 ⁇ z17 + t17 is satisfied.
- a Fresnel lens is used as the field lens 501.
- a normal lens may be used, or a cylindrical lens or a cylindrical Fresnel lens having a curvature only in the x-axis direction may be used.
- any optical element that can deflect a light beam in a predetermined axial direction can achieve the same effects as those of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 63 is a plan view showing the path of the light beam passing through the field lens 501 shown in FIG.
- the light passing through the lens principal point LM travels straight, and the other light is positioned away from the principal plane MF by the focal length f3.
- the condensing position has a certain size due to the influence of aberration.
- the field lens 501 is arranged such that the width direction of the rectangular area is parallel to the x axis, the height direction is parallel to the y axis, and the center of the rectangular area passes through the z axis.
- the viewing range is expanded in the video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing. If possible, it is not particularly limited to the above installation method, and various modifications can be made.
- the position of the z coordinate of the field lens 501 is also between the vertical diffuser plate 106 and the transmissive display 107 for video display, but is not limited to this as long as it is an installation position that similarly satisfies the purpose.
- the shape of the field lens 501 is also a viewing range in a video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 520 with respect to a predetermined axial direction.
- FIG. 64 is a schematic diagram for explaining the viewing range expansion effect by the field lens 501 shown in FIG.
- the left side of FIG. 64 is a top view when the field lens 501 is not installed, and the right side is a top view when the field lens 501 is installed between the vertical diffusion plate 106 and the image display transmission display 107. .
- the viewable range BA1 (hatched area in the figure) is determined by the maximum horizontal deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX of the deflection element 103.
- the field lens 501 is installed as in the present embodiment, as shown on the right side of FIG. 64, the light beam is further deflected toward the origin in the x-axis direction as it passes through the field lens 501.
- the viewable range BA2 (hatched area in the figure) is expanded, and the minimum viewing distance is also shortened.
- the field lens 501 is disposed between the vertical diffusion plate 106 and the image display transmission display 107, and the traveling direction of the diffused light diffused by the vertical diffusion plate 106 is changed.
- the diffused light can be collected at an angle larger than the maximum horizontal deflection angle ⁇ ′ MAX of the deflecting element 103, so that the viewer can perform stereoscopic viewing by expanding the irradiating range of the diffused light. And the minimum viewing distance can be shortened.
- the expansion of the viewing range in the fifth embodiment has been described with reference to FIGS.
- the field lens 501 is added to the first embodiment.
- the viewing range is similar to the above. Can be spread.
- FIG. 65 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the video display device 600 includes a light source control device 620, a video display transmission display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, and a video display device control unit 110.
- the light source control device 620 includes a laser light source 601, a mirror 602 that can control the reflection direction, a lens 603, a deflection element 103, a slit 104, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, and a light source control unit 108.
- a laser light source 601, a mirror 602, and a lens 603 constitute a light source unit.
- the light source unit is configured to be able to emit a plurality of parallel light rays from an emission surface, and emits parallel light rays from an arbitrary position on the emission surface.
- the present embodiment employs another light source unit, which is basically the same as the first embodiment, but is realized by the surface light source 101 that emits parallel rays and the mask pattern portion 102.
- the light source unit that can specify the light emission position is replaced with a light source unit that includes a laser light source 601, a mirror 602 that can control the reflection direction, and a lens 603.
- the laser light source 601 emits laser light to the mirror 602.
- the mirror 602 is arranged at the focal position of the lens 603 and is configured to be able to change the reflection direction of the laser light incident from the laser light source 601.
- a galvanometer mirror is used as the mirror 602, but the present invention is not limited to this, and incident light is reflected at a specified angle at a higher speed than the screen rewriting rate of the video display transmission display 107. Any device can be used.
- the lens 603 converts the laser beam from the mirror 602 into a parallel beam and emits it to the deflection element 103.
- a Fresnel lens is used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a normal spherical lens may be used.
- the light source control unit 108 controls the laser light source 601 and the mirror 602 to change the reflection direction of the laser light by changing the angle of the reflecting surface of the mirror 602, thereby changing the emission position of the parallel rays emitted from the lens 603. To change. Specifically, the light source control unit 108 controls the operation pattern of the mirror 602, the mirror 602 emits a light beam at an arbitrary position on the lens 603, and the lens 603 deflects the parallel light beam in an arbitrary shape pattern. Injection to the element 103.
- the lens 603 has a rectangular area with a width w18 and a height h18, and the thickness thereof is t18.
- z18 0 is satisfied.
- the z coordinate of the deflection element 103 is z19, z19 ⁇ z18 + t18. Note that components having a z coordinate larger than that of the deflecting element 103 conform to the arrangement of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 66 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the mirror 602 and the lens 603 shown in FIG.
- the laser light source 601 is not shown, but the laser light source 601 and the mirror 602 are provided so that light can be emitted from the mirror 602 into the designated region of the lens 603. What is necessary is just to determine the relative positional relationship.
- the parallel beam as shown in FIG. 15 in the first embodiment can be emitted also in this embodiment, so that the viewer 111 can display an image at the viewpoint position as in the first embodiment.
- a video image displayed on the transmissive display 107 can be viewed.
- the direction of the mirror 602 is changed at a higher speed than the screen rewriting rate of the video display transmissive display 107 in accordance with the display timing of the left and right parallax video on the video display transmissive display 107, and If the exit pupil is formed at a position, stereoscopic viewing is possible as in the first embodiment. That is, by using the light source unit as described above, the viewer can realize stereoscopic viewing in the present embodiment as well as the light source unit used in the first embodiment.
- the reflection point RE of the mirror 602 changes minutely depending on the direction of the mirror 602.
- the vicinity of the center of gravity of the changing range may be determined as the reflection point RE.
- the lens 603 is arranged so that the width direction of the rectangular region is parallel to the x axis, the height direction is parallel to the y axis, and the center of the rectangular region passes through the z axis.
- the viewing range can be expanded in a video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing. If possible, it is not particularly limited to the above installation method, and various modifications are possible.
- the shape of the lens 603 can also be used to control the viewing range in a video display device in which the viewer performs stereoscopic viewing by controlling the direction of the light beam finally output from the light source control device 620 with respect to a predetermined axial direction. If it can be expanded, it is not particularly limited to the above-mentioned rectangle, and various shapes can be adopted.
- FIG. 67 is a schematic perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the video display apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- a video display device 700 includes a light source control device 720, a video display transmissive display 107, a synchronization control unit 109, a video display device control unit 110, an imaging device 701, and a viewpoint position measurement unit 702. And a light emission position determining unit 703.
- the light source control device 720 includes a surface light source 101 that emits parallel light, a mask pattern unit 102, a deflection element 103, a slit 104, a vertical diffusion plate 105, a vertical diffusion plate 106, and a light source control unit 108.
- the present embodiment changes the mask pattern of the mask pattern unit 102 in accordance with the movement of the viewer 111 by measuring the viewpoint position of the viewer 111 and dynamically changes the exit pupil.
- the difference is that the formation position is changed.
- the present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that an imaging device 701, a viewpoint position measurement unit 702, and a light emission position determination unit 703 are added. 1 and different.
- the imaging device 701 is, for example, a camera that includes a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and a lens, and shoots the viewable range of the video display device 700 and views the captured image at the viewpoint position. Output to the measurement unit 702.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the viewpoint position measurement unit 702 detects the left and right pupil positions of one or more persons (for example, the viewer 111) shown in the captured image acquired from the imaging device 701, and the left and right pupil positions of the viewer 111 as the left and right viewpoint positions. Is sent to the light emission position determining unit 703.
- the light beam emission position determination unit 703 determines a light beam emission position for forming an exit pupil at the left and right viewpoint positions of the viewer 111, and information for emitting a light beam to the light beam emission position according to the form of the light source unit. Is sent to the light source control unit 108. For example, in the case of the light source unit in the first embodiment, the light emission position determination unit 703 sends a mask pattern for determining the light emission position to the light source control unit 108, and in the case of the light source unit in the sixth embodiment, the mirror operation A pattern is created and sent to the light source control unit 108.
- the exit pupil formation position can be changed according to the left and right pupil positions of the viewer 111 that has moved, so that stereoscopic viewing can be realized even when the viewer 111 moves. .
- an imaging device 701, a viewpoint position measurement unit 702, and a light emission position determination unit 703 are added to the first embodiment, but also in the second to sixth embodiments.
- an imaging device 701, a viewpoint position measurement unit 702, and a light emission position determination unit 703 By adding an imaging device 701, a viewpoint position measurement unit 702, and a light emission position determination unit 703, the formation position of the exit pupil can be dynamically changed as described above.
- the viewpoint position measurement unit 702 measures the viewer's line-of-sight direction in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions. In this case, an image suitable for the measured line-of-sight direction can be displayed.
- the viewpoint position measurement unit 702 measures the viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions, and the light source control unit 108 responds to the viewer's gaze position measured by the viewpoint position measurement unit 702. Therefore, it is preferable to control the surface light source 101 or the laser light source 601 so that the brightness of the screen other than the point of sight of the transmissive display 107 for image display is lowered.
- the video displayed on the video display transmission display 107 does not give the viewer a sense of incongruity. Since the screen brightness can be reduced, the power consumption of the apparatus can be reduced.
- the viewpoint position measurement unit 702 measures the viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions, and the light source control unit 108 calculates the viewer's gaze position from the viewer's gaze position measured by the viewpoint position measurement unit 702. It is determined whether or not the viewer is facing the video display transmissive display 107. When the viewer is not facing the video display transmissive display 107, the light is emitted from the surface light source 101 or the laser light source 601. It is preferable to reduce the output of the light beam.
- the output of the light beam emitted from the surface light source 101 or the laser light source 601 can be lowered, so that the brightness of the entire screen is reduced.
- the power consumption of the device can be reduced.
- the viewpoint position measurement unit 702 measures the viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions, and the light source control unit 108 calculates the viewer's gaze position from the viewer's gaze position measured by the viewpoint position measurement unit 702. It is determined whether or not the viewer is facing the video display transmissive display 107. When the viewer is not facing the video display transmissive display 107, the light is emitted from the surface light source 101 or the laser light source 601. It is preferable to turn off parallel rays.
- the power consumption of the apparatus is further reduced. be able to.
- the light source control device is a light source control device that controls the direction of light rays in a predetermined first axial direction, and makes parallel light rays orthogonal to the first axial direction from an arbitrary position.
- a light source unit that emits light along a second axial direction; a light source control unit that controls an emission position of the parallel light beam of the light source unit; and one or more deflectors that deflect the parallel light beam emitted from the light source unit.
- the element is disposed obliquely with respect to the first axis direction, and is arranged in both the first element direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the element and both the optical axis direction and the first element direction. Different deviations in the second element direction orthogonal to It is having an effect.
- the deflection action differs between the first element direction orthogonal to its own optical axis direction and the second element direction orthogonal to both the optical axis direction and the first element direction. Since the deflecting element having a tilt angle with respect to the first axial direction is arranged, the first axial direction of the light beam emitted from the deflecting element is changed by changing the incident position of the parallel light beam of the deflecting element. The orientation at can be changed.
- the incident position of the parallel light beam of the deflecting element can be controlled by controlling the emission position of the parallel light beam, the direction of the light beam in the first axial direction is controlled according to the parallel light beam emission position.
- the light beam whose direction in the first axial direction is controlled can be diffused in the third axial direction.
- the light source control device described above can emit light that diffuses in the third axial direction, for example, the vertical direction, while controlling the direction in the first axial direction, for example, the horizontal direction.
- a video display device is configured using a control device and a display unit for displaying an image
- the exit pupils of the vertically striped light beams emitted from the display unit are simultaneously formed at the left and right viewpoint positions of a plurality of viewers. Can do.
- a plurality of viewers can view a stereoscopic video without restriction as in the two-dimensional video display without using glasses or the like.
- the light source control device further includes a first mirror that is disposed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the light source control device and reflects the light emitted from the deflection element to the inside of the device.
- the lateral width of the entire apparatus can be shortened.
- the light source unit includes a laser light source, a mirror that is configured to receive a laser beam from the laser light source and change a reflection direction of the laser beam, and a lens that converts the laser beam from the mirror into a parallel beam.
- the mirror is disposed at a focal position of the lens, and the light source control unit controls the mirror to change the reflection direction of the laser light, thereby emitting parallel rays emitted from the lens. It is preferable to change the position.
- the emission position of the parallel light beam emitted from the lens is changed, so that it is perpendicular to the lens main plane from any position on the lens emission side.
- Parallel light beams can be emitted.
- the light source unit includes a surface light source that emits the parallel light rays, a mask pattern unit that includes an opening and a light shielding unit, and is configured to be able to arbitrarily change the position of the opening, and the light source control unit May change the emission position of the parallel rays emitted from the mask pattern portion by changing the position of the opening of the mask pattern portion.
- the light source control unit uniformizes a diffusion distribution of light emitted from the first diffusion element by changing the opening amount of the opening of the mask pattern stepwise.
- the luminance discontinuity on the display unit can be reduced, and the viewer can experience uneven luminance. Can be suppressed.
- the deflection element preferably includes a cylindrical lens having a curvature only in the first element direction.
- the direction of the parallel light beam in the first axial direction can be changed according to the emission position of the parallel light beam.
- the deflection element may include a deflection element array in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses having a curvature only in the first element direction are arranged in an array.
- a deflection element array in which a plurality of cylindrical lenses having a curvature only in the first element direction are arranged in an array.
- the first diffusing element is disposed at a position where only the light beam that has passed through the slit is diffused. In this case, since the light beam from which unnecessary stray light is removed can be diffused, a light beam suitable for displaying a stereoscopic image can be generated.
- a second diffusion element that further diffuses the light beam diffused by the first diffusion element in the third axial direction.
- a video display device is configured using the light source control device and the display unit for displaying an image. By doing so, the entire screen of the display unit can be irradiated uniformly.
- the mask pattern part preferably includes a transmissive display.
- a transmissive display In this case, an arbitrary region of the transmissive display can be dynamically switched between the opening and the shielding portion, a mask pattern having a desired shape can be generated, and parallel rays can be emitted from the opening of the mask pattern.
- the light source control unit stops irradiation of the parallel light from the surface light source during a screen transition that occurs when the position of the opening and the light shielding unit of the transmissive display is changed, and the screen transition of the transmissive display It is preferable that the irradiation of the parallel light from the surface light source is resumed after completion of. In this case, it is possible to prevent an unstable light beam from being emitted during screen transition.
- An image display device includes any one of the light source control devices described above, a second diffusion element that further diffuses the light beam diffused by the first diffusion element in the third axial direction, and the first A display unit that displays an image using diffused light emitted from the two diffusing elements, and the light source control unit condenses the diffused light at a viewer's viewpoint position after passing through the display unit.
- the emission position of the parallel light beam emitted from the light source unit is controlled.
- the diffused light uniformly irradiates the entire screen, and after the diffused light passes through the display unit, the parallel light emitted from the light source unit is condensed at the viewer's viewpoint position. Since the exit position is controlled, it is possible to simultaneously form exit pupils of light beams in the form of vertical stripes emitted from the display unit at the left and right viewpoint positions of a plurality of viewers. At the same time, a stereoscopic video can be viewed without restriction as in the case of a two-dimensional video display.
- the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are determined with reference to the video display screen of the display unit, the focal length of the deflection element is f1, the length of the deflection element in the direction of curvature is cw, and the vertical length of the display unit
- H is the horizontal length of the display unit
- Vd is an appropriate viewing distance determined in advance from the resolution of the display unit
- the tilt angle ⁇ of the deflection element with respect to the horizontal direction satisfies the following equation: It is preferable.
- the viewer can view the entire video display screen of the display unit in the viewing area, and can also view video suitable for the resolution of the display unit.
- the video display device further includes a display control unit that controls the display unit, and a synchronization control unit that controls a synchronization operation between the light source control unit and the display control unit, wherein the light source control unit includes the diffused light.
- the control unit controls the display unit so as to display a parallax image corresponding to the condensing position in synchronization with the switching of the condensing position by the light source control unit.
- the parallel light emission position is controlled such that the diffused light condensing position is the viewer's left eye and right eye, and the parallax corresponding to the condensing position is synchronized with the switching of the condensing position. Since the video is displayed, the exit pupils of the vertically striped light beams emitted from the display unit can be formed simultaneously at the left and right viewpoint positions of a plurality of viewers, and the plurality of viewers do not use glasses etc. In both cases, the stereoscopic video can be viewed without restriction as in the two-dimensional video display.
- the video display device further includes a measurement unit that measures the left and right pupil positions of the viewer, and a determination unit that determines the light emission position of the light source unit according to the left and right pupil positions measured by the measurement unit,
- the light source control unit controls the parallel light beam emission position of the light source unit so that the parallel light beam is emitted from the light beam emission position determined by the determination unit.
- the exit pupil formation position can be changed according to the left and right pupil positions of the moved viewer, stereoscopic viewing can be realized even if the viewer moves.
- the video display device further includes a traveling direction changing element that is disposed between the second diffusing element and the display unit and changes a traveling direction of diffused light diffused by the second diffusing element.
- a traveling direction changing element that is disposed between the second diffusing element and the display unit and changes a traveling direction of diffused light diffused by the second diffusing element.
- the traveling direction of the diffused light by changing the traveling direction of the diffused light, the irradiable range of the diffused light can be expanded, so that the viewing range in which the viewer can perform stereoscopic viewing can be expanded and the minimum viewing The distance can be shortened.
- the video display device expands the width of the diffused light to a viewer's pupil distance or more. In this case, the viewer can view a brighter video.
- the opening is a full surface opening.
- the video on the display unit can be viewed within the range control range of the diffused light.
- the video display device expands the width of the striped light beam formed by the diffused light to a viewer's pupil distance or more, and displays the same video as the video to be displayed on the display unit regardless of the light collection position. It is preferable to display. In this case, it is possible to display a bright two-dimensional image even with condensing position control by time division.
- the measurement unit measures the viewer's gaze direction in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions. In this case, an image suitable for the measured line-of-sight direction can be displayed.
- the measurement unit measures a viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions
- the light source control unit is configured to display the display unit according to the viewer's gaze position measured by the measurement unit. It is preferable to control the light source unit so that the brightness of the screen other than the gazing point is lowered.
- the brightness of the screen other than the gazing point is reduced to the extent that the video displayed on the display unit does not give the viewer a sense of incongruity. Therefore, the power consumption of the device can be reduced.
- the measuring unit measures the viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions
- the light source control unit is configured to measure the display unit from the viewer's gaze position measured by the measurement unit. It is preferable to reduce the output of the light beam emitted from the light source unit when the viewer is not facing the display unit.
- the power consumption of the apparatus can be reduced by reducing the brightness of the entire screen. it can.
- the measuring unit measures the viewer's gaze position in addition to the viewer's left and right pupil positions
- the light source control unit is configured to measure the display unit from the viewer's gaze position measured by the measurement unit. It is preferable to turn off the parallel light beam emitted from the light source unit when the viewer is not facing the direction of the display unit.
- the parallel light emitted from the light source unit can be turned off when the viewer is facing the direction outside the display unit, so that the power consumption of the apparatus can be further reduced.
- the light source control device and the video display device can view a stereoscopic video without restriction as in the two-dimensional video display without using glasses or the like
- the light source control device and the video display device are used for a video display device such as a display and the video display device.
- the light source control device can be used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
- Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、図1~図34を用いて、本発明の実施の形態1における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
φ”=tan-1(l×cosθ/f1) … (3)
次に、図35~図52を用いて、本発明の実施の形態2における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図35は、本発明の実施の形態2における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
次に、図53~図59を用いて、本発明の実施の形態3における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図53は、本発明の実施の形態3における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
x15=±w10/2 … (12)
z15=z10 … (13)
次に、図60及び図61を用いて、本発明の実施の形態4における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図60は、本発明の実施の形態4における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
y16=±h10/2 … (22)
z16=z10 … (23)
次に、図62~図64を用いて、本発明の実施の形態5における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図62は、本発明の実施の形態5における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
次に、図65及び図66を用いて、本発明の実施の形態6における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図65は、本発明の実施の形態6における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
次に、図67を用いて、本発明の実施の形態7における映像表示装置の構成について説明する。図67は、本発明の実施の形態7における映像表示装置の構成を模式的に示す概略斜視図である。
Claims (15)
- 所定の第1の軸方向における光線の向きを制御する光源制御装置であって、
平行光線を任意の位置から前記第1の軸方向に対して直交する第2の軸方向に沿って射出する光源ユニットと、
前記光源ユニットの前記平行光線の射出位置を制御する光源制御部と、
前記光源ユニットから射出される前記平行光線を偏向する1つ以上の偏向素子と、
前記偏向素子により偏向された光線を、前記第1の軸方向及び前記第2の軸方向に対して直交する第3の軸方向に拡散する第1の拡散素子とを備え、
前記偏向素子は、前記第1の軸方向に対して斜めに傾けて配置され、自身の光軸方向に対して直交する第1の素子方向と、前記光軸方向及び前記第1の素子方向の双方に対して直交する第2の素子方向とで異なる偏向作用を有することを特徴とする光源制御装置。 - 前記光源制御装置の左側面及び右側面に配置され、前記偏向素子から射出される光線を装置の内側に反射する第1のミラーをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記光源制御装置の上面及び下面に配置され、前記偏向素子から射出される光線を装置の内側に反射する第2のミラーをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記光源ユニットは、
レーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源からのレーザ光を入射され、前記レーザ光の反射方向を変更可能に構成されたミラーと、
前記ミラーからのレーザ光を平行光線に変換するレンズとを含み、
前記ミラーは、前記レンズの焦点位置に配置され、
前記光源制御部は、前記ミラーを制御して前記レーザ光の反射方向を変化させることにより、前記レンズから射出される平行光線の射出位置を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置。 - 前記光源ユニットは、
前記平行光線を射出する面光源と、
開口部と遮光部とを有し、前記開口部の位置を任意に変更可能に構成されたマスクパターン部とを備え、
前記光源制御部は、前記マスクパターン部の前記開口部の位置を変化させることにより、前記マスクパターン部から射出される平行光線の射出位置を変化させることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置。 - 前記光源制御部は、前記マスクパターン部の前記開口部の開口量を段階的に変化させることにより、前記第1の拡散素子から射出される光線の拡散分布を均一化することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記偏向素子は、前記第1の素子方向にのみ曲率を有するシリンドリカルレンズを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記偏向素子は、前記第1の素子方向にのみ曲率を有する複数のシリンドリカルレンズをアレイ状に配置した偏向素子アレイを含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記シリンドリカルレンズと前記第1の拡散素子との間に配置され、前記シリンドリカルレンズから射出される光線のうち、前記シリンドリカルレンズの焦点位置近傍を通る光線のみを通過させるスリットをさらに備えることを特徴とする、請求項7又は8に記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記第1の拡散素子は、前記スリットを通過した光線のみを拡散する位置に配置されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の光源制御装置。
- 前記第1の拡散素子により拡散された光線をさらに前記第3の軸方向に拡散する第2の拡散素子をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の光源制御装置と、
前記第1の拡散素子により拡散された光線をさらに前記第3の軸方向に拡散する第2の拡散素子と、
前記第2の拡散素子から射出される拡散光を用いて画像を表示する表示部とを備え、
前記光源制御部は、前記拡散光が前記表示部を通過した後に視聴者の視点位置に集光するように、前記光源ユニットから射出される前記平行光線の射出位置を制御することを特徴とする映像表示装置。 - 前記表示部の映像表示画面を基準に水平方向及び垂直方向を定め、前記偏向素子の焦点距離をf1、前記偏向素子が曲率を有する方向の長さをcw、前記表示部の垂直方向の長さをH、前記表示部の水平方向の長さをW、前記表示部の解像度から予め決定される適視距離をVdとしたとき、前記偏向素子の水平方向に対する傾き角θは、下記式を満たすことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の映像表示装置。
sin-1((f1×W)/(cw×Vd))≦θ≦cos-1(cw/H) - 前記表示部を制御する表示制御部と、
前記光源制御部と前記表示制御部との同期動作を制御する同期制御部とをさらに備え、
前記光源制御部は、前記拡散光の集光位置を時分割で切り替えることにより、前記拡散光の集光位置が視聴者の左眼と右眼とになるように、前記光源ユニットの前記平行光線の射出位置を制御し、
前記表示制御部は、前記光源制御部による前記集光位置の切り替えと同期して、前記集光位置に対応した視差映像を表示するように、前記表示部を制御することを特徴とする請求項12又は13に記載の映像表示装置。 - 視聴者の左右瞳位置を計測する計測部と、
前記計測部により計測された左右瞳位置に応じて前記光源ユニットの光線射出位置を決定する決定部とをさらに備え、
前記光源制御部は、前記決定部により決定された光線射出位置から前記平行光線が射出されるように、前記光源ユニットの前記平行光線の射出位置を制御することを特徴とする請求項12~14のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。
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CN201280010525.2A CN103392144B (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-27 | 光源控制装置及影像显示装置 |
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