WO2013095308A1 - Composite tile preventing heat loss and rendering a warm feeling when touched and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Composite tile preventing heat loss and rendering a warm feeling when touched and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013095308A1
WO2013095308A1 PCT/TR2012/000094 TR2012000094W WO2013095308A1 WO 2013095308 A1 WO2013095308 A1 WO 2013095308A1 TR 2012000094 W TR2012000094 W TR 2012000094W WO 2013095308 A1 WO2013095308 A1 WO 2013095308A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tile
composite
coating material
coating
materials
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Application number
PCT/TR2012/000094
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French (fr)
Inventor
Hidayet ÖZDEMIR
Vedat BAYRAK
Burcu KUŞKAY
Original Assignee
Vitra Karo Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi
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Publication of WO2013095308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013095308A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
    • E04F15/082—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass in combination with a lower layer of other material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4582—Porous coatings, e.g. coating containing porous fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E04B1/806—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with air or gas pockets included in the slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/181—Insulating layers integrally formed with the flooring or the flooring elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/062—Oxidic interlayers based on silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
    • C04B2237/06—Oxidic interlayers
    • C04B2237/064—Oxidic interlayers based on alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
    • C04B2237/363—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/52—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining
    • C04B2237/525—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining by heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to tiles having low thermal conductivity, which are felt warm when touched and which prevent heat loss and also relates to their method of production.
  • the higher heat loss from human body to object the colder touched object is felt.
  • the amount of heat lost depends on the heat transfer coefficient of the object being touched. Since the heat transfer coefficient of the tiles, that are used as surface coating, are high, the tiles are felt cold in case human body touches tile and feeling the tiles warm becomes an important need in the way of creating usage comfort. Also production of tiles with decreased thermal conductivity gain importance in the way of preventing heat losses.
  • the composite coating materials used in back surfaces of the tiles in the present applications are materials that give the opportunity of easy installation, and a tile that is felt warm when touched or prevent heat losses was not developed. This feature, that is aimed to be added to tiles, gradually gain importance .
  • Figure la The temperature profile when any coating material is not applied on the surface of the tile.
  • Figure lb The temperature profile when coating material is applied to the front surface of the tile.
  • Figure lc The temperature profile when coating material is applied to the back surface of the tile.
  • Figure Id The temperature profile when coating material is applied on both front and back surfaces of the tile.
  • Figure 2a Tile not containing any coating material on its surface
  • Figure 2b Composite tile containing coating material on its front (or upper) surface developed within the scope of the invention
  • Figure 2c Composite tile containing coating material on its back (or lower) surface developed within the scope of the invention
  • Figure 2d Composite tile containing coating material on both its front and back surfaces developed within the scope of the invention
  • A Composite tile obtained by applying coating material on its front surface (or upper surface)
  • B Composite tile obtained by applying coating material on its back surface (or lower surface)
  • Subject matter of the invention relates to composite tiles, that has low thermal conductivity, felt warm when touched and preventing heat losses, and also relates to the production method of these tiles.
  • the composite tile (A, B, C) which is the subject of invention contains a tile (2) produced conventionally and a layer that can be named as coating layer (5) which is formed by applying coating materials, that have low thermal conductivity coefficient, to the front or back or both the front and back surfaces of the tile.
  • the composite tiles, that are developed within the scope of the invention contain coating materials that have very low thermal conductivity coefficient, on their front and/or back surfaces.
  • the surface which is defined as tile front surface can be indicated as the upper surface of the tile and the section that is defined as tile back surface can be defined as lower surface of the tile as well and in the present description these surfaces will be referred as front and back surfaces.
  • the heat loss from human body to this object is proportional to the resistance shown by this object against conductive heat transfer ⁇ R Co n d .) and the temperature difference (AT) between the surface temperature of the human body and the object and can be shown with the formula below. Higher the heat loss from human body to the object touched, colder the touched object is felt.
  • the resistance of this composite structure against conductive heat transfer ( R tota i ) / is related with the conductive heat transfer coefficients of the materials (k x and k 2 ) , thickness of materials ( Li and L 2 ) and the area where heat transfer occurs (A) .
  • R total (L 1 /(k 1 .A)) + (L 2 /(k 2 .A))
  • a composite structure has been formed by integrating the tile with the materials having very low thermal conductivity and by means of this composite structure a warm feeling has been achieved when touched to the tile ( 2 ) and heat losses are reduced.
  • the method is based on curing the applied material with a proper technic following application of a coating material having low thermal conductivity to the front surface or back surface or both back and front surfaces of the tile following the production of the conventional production of the tile.
  • the coating materials having very low thermal conductivity that are applied to front and/or back surfaces of the composite tile which is developed within the scope of this invention consist of particles having very high porosity and a binding agent (for example organic and inorganic resins) containing said particles. Binding agent is required to have low thermal conductivity, high wearing resistance and to be suitable to apply on tile surface.
  • High porosity particles are particles that are obtained by drying inorganic (silica, alumina, etc.) or organic (carbon, etc.) aerogel or xerogel or a similar material obtained by drying a sol-gel.
  • Silica aerogels are more effective in conductive heat transfer. As air can be found in pores of materials having high porosity, gases (nitrogen, xenon, krypton, radon, etc.) having lower conductive heat transfer coefficient can be found as well.
  • coating materials can be applied to front surface of tile or back surface of tile or both front and back surfaces of tile by various spraying (conventional, HVLP, airless, ultrasonic, etc.), printing techniques, draining methods or by means of a brush according to the type of material.
  • Applied material is subjected to curing process selected according to the type of material .
  • Curing process can be done via free or forced air curing, conventional thermal curing or radiation curing (IR, UV, UV LED, UV fluorescent, electron beam, microwave curing, etc.) .
  • coating can be applied as a single layer as well as multiple layers by successive replication of application of the material to the surface and curing processes.
  • coating materials are applied only to front surface (A, figure 2b) , only to back surface (B, figure 2c) or both front and back surfaces (C, figure 2d) and composite tiles (A, B, C) have been obtained.
  • the heat losses have been calculated for the composite tile (A, B, C) obtained by this way and for the tile (2) which is conventionally obtained and which does not contain any coating material on its surface.
  • Temperature profiles occured depending on the heat flow of the four mentioned cases have been shown in figures la, lb, lc and Id.
  • tile (2) not containing any coating on its surface is installed on the concrete (3) . and the resulting temperature profile occuring in case a hot surface touches on this tile is shown in figure la.
  • thermal conductivity (k values) of materials, thickness (L) of materials (layers'), and surface area (A) of materials are assumed to be same for each four situation .
  • the tiles (2) used in the structure of the composite tile developed within the scope of the invention can be made of ceramics, or can be produced from natural/synthetic, organic/inorganic materials like porcelain, natural stone, hardwood, laminate, compressed paper, glass, metal, cement based materials, rubber, plastic, cork, textile, vinyl, vinyl asbestos, linoleum, terrazzo or it is possible that it is a tile that is produced as a composite by way of bringing two or more of these materials together as well.
  • the conventionally manufactured tiles are enabled to be felt warm when touched, without needing high investment costs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

Present invention relates to composite tiles having low thermal conductivity, which are felt warm when touched and which prevent heat loss and also to manufacturing method thereof. Within the scope of the invention, composite tiles are obtained by applying coating materials to the front surface or back surface or both front and back surfaces of the conventionally produced tile with proper methods and tiles are enabled to be felt warm when touched and decrease in heat losses are attained.

Description

DESCRIPTION
COMPOSITE TILE PREVENTING HEAT LOSS AND RENDERING A WARM FEELING WHEN TOUCHED AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
Subject of the Invention
The present invention relates to tiles having low thermal conductivity, which are felt warm when touched and which prevent heat loss and also relates to their method of production.
Prior Art
Heat transfer always occurs from hot to cold. In case human body touches an object which is colder than himself/herself , the higher heat loss from human body to object, the colder touched object is felt. The amount of heat lost depends on the heat transfer coefficient of the object being touched. Since the heat transfer coefficient of the tiles, that are used as surface coating, are high, the tiles are felt cold in case human body touches tile and feeling the tiles warm becomes an important need in the way of creating usage comfort. Also production of tiles with decreased thermal conductivity gain importance in the way of preventing heat losses. Some methods directed to this purpose are developed in the present state of the art. In the methods that are developed for feeling the tiles, that are used as surface coating, warm when they are touched or their surface is touched, production of the ceramic tile body or glaze on the tile surface is provided in such a way that, they contain micropores. In these methods, by adding various additive materials to the recipe of body or glaze, production of the body or glaze as they contain micropores or forming micropores during firing, is provided. In the methods used, since adding additive materials that are improper to use in conventional ceramic production, requires production to be made in an independent line, the investment cost of mentioned methods increases.
The composite coating materials used in back surfaces of the tiles in the present applications are materials that give the opportunity of easy installation, and a tile that is felt warm when touched or prevent heat losses was not developed. This feature, that is aimed to be added to tiles, gradually gain importance .
Drawings :
Figure la: The temperature profile when any coating material is not applied on the surface of the tile.
Figure lb: The temperature profile when coating material is applied to the front surface of the tile.
Figure lc: The temperature profile when coating material is applied to the back surface of the tile.
Figure Id: The temperature profile when coating material is applied on both front and back surfaces of the tile.
Figure 2a: Tile not containing any coating material on its surface
Figure 2b: Composite tile containing coating material on its front (or upper) surface developed within the scope of the invention
Figure 2c: Composite tile containing coating material on its back (or lower) surface developed within the scope of the invention
Figure 2d: Composite tile containing coating material on both its front and back surfaces developed within the scope of the invention
References :
1: Hot surface (object) touching on tile
2: Tile
A: Composite tile obtained by applying coating material on its front surface (or upper surface) B: Composite tile obtained by applying coating material on its back surface (or lower surface)
C: Composite tile obtained by applying coating material on its both back surface (or lower surface) and front surface (or upper surface)
3 : Concrete
4 : Air
5: Coating Detailed Description of the Invention:
Subject matter of the invention relates to composite tiles, that has low thermal conductivity, felt warm when touched and preventing heat losses, and also relates to the production method of these tiles.
With this invention, composite tiles felt warm when touched and preventing heat losses, have been developed with the materials applied to tiles after production without making any amendment in the production process and the formulation of the tile. Thus, problems experienced in prior art methods are overcomed and tiles which are felt warm when touched on their surface and preventing heat loss are obtained as well . The most important object of the invention is to obtain tiles that are felt warm when touched and prevent heat loss, without making any amendment in the formulation or production processes of the tiles.
Within the scope of the invention, materials that have very low thermal conductivity have been applied to the surface of tile produced conventionally and a warm feeling is provided when touched on the surface (A,B,C) of the manufactured composite structure. The composite tile (A, B, C) which is the subject of invention; contains a tile (2) produced conventionally and a layer that can be named as coating layer (5) which is formed by applying coating materials, that have low thermal conductivity coefficient, to the front or back or both the front and back surfaces of the tile. In other words, the composite tiles, that are developed within the scope of the invention, contain coating materials that have very low thermal conductivity coefficient, on their front and/or back surfaces. In the aforementioned description in which the structure of composite tile, that is subject of the invention, and method related to obtaining this structure are stated, the surface which is defined as tile front surface can be indicated as the upper surface of the tile and the section that is defined as tile back surface can be defined as lower surface of the tile as well and in the present description these surfaces will be referred as front and back surfaces.
Heat transfer always occurs from hot to cold. In case human body touches an object that has temperature lower than it, the heat loss from human body to this object is proportional to the resistance shown by this object against conductive heat transfer {RCond.) and the temperature difference (AT) between the surface temperature of the human body and the object and can be shown with the formula below. Higher the heat loss from human body to the object touched, colder the touched object is felt.
AT
q*= nffcond.
If the object touched by human body is a structure that is formed by integrating two different materials in such a way that they touch each other, the resistance of this composite structure against conductive heat transfer ( Rtotai ) / is related with the conductive heat transfer coefficients of the materials (kx and k2) , thickness of materials ( Li and L2 ) and the area where heat transfer occurs (A) . R total = (L1/(k1.A)) + (L2/(k2.A))
In this case, the heat transfer occuring through this composite structure is described with the equation below.
AT
Qx=n
ntOtCLl
If convective heat transfer is also present at the mentioned system, resistance of the medium ( RCOnv . ) # against heat transfer which has hi convective heat transfer coefficient, is added into Rtotai- conv . is associated with the convective heat transfer coefficient of the medium (hi) and the area where heat transfer occurs (A) .
R conv. = (1 / h .A)
Since the heat transfer coefficients of the tiles used as surface coatings are high, tile is felt cold upon contact of a human body. By this invention, a composite structure has been formed by integrating the tile with the materials having very low thermal conductivity and by means of this composite structure a warm feeling has been achieved when touched to the tile ( 2 ) and heat losses are reduced. The method is based on curing the applied material with a proper technic following application of a coating material having low thermal conductivity to the front surface or back surface or both back and front surfaces of the tile following the production of the conventional production of the tile.
The coating materials having very low thermal conductivity that are applied to front and/or back surfaces of the composite tile which is developed within the scope of this invention, consist of particles having very high porosity and a binding agent (for example organic and inorganic resins) containing said particles. Binding agent is required to have low thermal conductivity, high wearing resistance and to be suitable to apply on tile surface. High porosity particles are particles that are obtained by drying inorganic (silica, alumina, etc.) or organic (carbon, etc.) aerogel or xerogel or a similar material obtained by drying a sol-gel. Silica aerogels are more effective in conductive heat transfer. As air can be found in pores of materials having high porosity, gases (nitrogen, xenon, krypton, radon, etc.) having lower conductive heat transfer coefficient can be found as well.
Within the scope of invention, coating materials can be applied to front surface of tile or back surface of tile or both front and back surfaces of tile by various spraying (conventional, HVLP, airless, ultrasonic, etc.), printing techniques, draining methods or by means of a brush according to the type of material. Applied material is subjected to curing process selected according to the type of material . Curing process can be done via free or forced air curing, conventional thermal curing or radiation curing (IR, UV, UV LED, UV fluorescent, electron beam, microwave curing, etc.) . Within the scope of the invention, coating can be applied as a single layer as well as multiple layers by successive replication of application of the material to the surface and curing processes.
Within the scope of the invention, coating materials are applied only to front surface (A, figure 2b) , only to back surface (B, figure 2c) or both front and back surfaces (C, figure 2d) and composite tiles (A, B, C) have been obtained. The heat losses have been calculated for the composite tile (A, B, C) obtained by this way and for the tile (2) which is conventionally obtained and which does not contain any coating material on its surface. Temperature profiles occured depending on the heat flow of the four mentioned cases have been shown in figures la, lb, lc and Id.
In the first case tile (2) not containing any coating on its surface is installed on the concrete (3) . and the resulting temperature profile occuring in case a hot surface touches on this tile is shown in figure la.
In the second case composite tile (A) that is obtained by applying the coating material having very low thermal conductivity on front surface of the tile (2) is installed on concrete (3) and the resulting temperature profile occuring in case a hot surface touches on this tile is shown in figure lb. In the third case the coating material having very low thermal conductivity is applied on back surface of the tile (2) and composite tile (B) that is obtained by this way is installed on concrete (3) and the resulting temperature profile occuring in case a hot surface touches on this tile is shown in figure lc . In the fourth case, i.e. the resulting temperature profile occuring in case a hot surface touches on this tile which is obtained by applying coating material on both front and back surfaces of tile (2) is shown in figure Id. Notwithstanding that the heat loss in the composite tiles (A, B) , wherein the coating material is applied from the front and the rear surface, is same, as can be seen from figures lb and lc, the resulting temperature profiles are different.
It has been found that there is no big difference in the surface temperature of the hot object when the composite tiles (A, B, C) according to the present invention and the tiles which does not contain any coating material thereon are got into contact with the said object or that there is no difference in temperatures of the hot object at all when touched to these tiles, however, it has been seen that use of composite tiles reduced the heat transfer by 20%. Decrease in the heat transfer obtained by using the composite tiles (A, B, C) , which are obtained by using coating materials, to be used as surface coating, provides a warm feeling when touched to the surface of the tile. Even the heat loss when the coating material is applied on front surface of the tile (figure 2b) is equal to the heat loss when the coating material is applied to back surface of the tile (figure 2c) , in case the coating material is applied to front surface since this surface namely the coating layer having high resistance (RCOating) against thermal transfer is directly touched, the surface is felt warmer. When the coating material is applied both front and back surfaces of the tile (figure 2d) , %33 decrease has been calculated in the amount of transferred heat in comparison to the situation that no coating material exists on surface of the tile. Within the scope of the invention in case application is made on both front and back surfaces of the tile, the coating materials used on front and back surfaces can be same and different as well.
Rtotai and heat loss values have been calculated for each four cases within the scope of the invention.
In these calculations, thermal conductivity (k values) of materials, thickness (L) of materials (layers'), and surface area (A) of materials are assumed to be same for each four situation .
The data obtained according to these calculations; when no coating material is applied to the surface of the tile (case 1) , when coating material is applied to the front surface of the tile (case 2), when coating material is applied to the back surface of the tile (case 3), and when coating material is applied to both back and front surface of the tile (case 4) , are given in the table below. As can be seen from the data, value of resistance against the thermal conduction in the case 4 is the highest. It is seen that composite tile, that is obtained by applying coating material on both front and back surfaces of the tile, is the tile that prevents the heat losses most.
As the tiles (2) used in the structure of the composite tile developed within the scope of the invention can be made of ceramics, or can be produced from natural/synthetic, organic/inorganic materials like porcelain, natural stone, hardwood, laminate, compressed paper, glass, metal, cement based materials, rubber, plastic, cork, textile, vinyl, vinyl asbestos, linoleum, terrazzo or it is possible that it is a tile that is produced as a composite by way of bringing two or more of these materials together as well.
Table: Resistance and heat loss values that are obtained by accepting some of the values as constant for the four cases mentioned within the scope of the invention
Figure imgf000010_0001
By means of the present invention, the conventionally manufactured tiles are enabled to be felt warm when touched, without needing high investment costs.

Claims

1. A composite tile; comprising a conventionally produced tile (2) and a coating layer (5) formed by applying coating materials having low thermal conductivity on the surface of the tile.
2. The composite tile according to claim 1, characterized in that it can contain coating material applied thereon as a single layer as well as multiple layers.
3. The composite tile according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains the coating material on the front (or upper) surface of the tile.
4. The composite tile according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains the coating material on the back (or lower) surface of the tile.
5 . The composite tile according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains the coating material both on the front and back surfaces (or both on the upper and lower surfaces) of the tile.
6. The composite tile according to claim 5, characterized in that the coating materials which is present both on the front and back surfaces (or both on the upper and lower surfaces) of the tile are same or different coating materials .
7. The composite tile according to the preceding claims; characterized in that the said coating materials in the structure thereof consist of particles having very high porosity and a binding agent containing these particles.
8. The composite tile according to the preceding claims; characterized in that the porous particles in the structure of the coating material on its surface, are particles that are obtained by drying inorganic (silica, alumina, etc.) or organic (carbon, etc.) aerogel or xerogel or are particles that are obtained by drying a sol -gel .
9. The composite tile according to the preceding claims; characterized in that the material present in coating material and have high porosity particles can be a material which can include air between the pores or can include nitrogen, xenon, krypton, radon and similar gases having lower conductive heat transfer coefficient than air between its pores.
10. The composite tile according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the binding agent in its structure is organic or inorganic resin.
11. A method for manuf cturing the composite tile according to the preceding claims; characterized in that;
• manufacturing the tile conventionally
· application of the coating material to the front surface of the tile or back surface of the tile or both front and back surfaces, by way of spraying, printing techniques, draining or brushing. • implementation of curing process suitable for the character of the applied material
12. The method according to the claim 11; characterized in that curing process can be done as free or forced air curing, conventional thermal curing or as radiation curing like IR, UV, UV LED, UV fluorescent, electron beam and microwave curing.
13. The method according to the claims 11 and 12; characterized in that; coating can be applied as a single layer as well as multiple layers by successive replication of application of the coating material to the surface and curing processes.
14. The method according to the claims 11, 12 and 13 characterized in that; different coating materials are applied to front (or upper) and back (or lower) surfaces in case the coating material is applied both on the front and back surfaces of the tile.
15. The method according to the claim 11, 12, 13 and 14 characterized in that; the same coating material is applied to front (or upper) and back (or lower) surfaces in case the coating material is applied to both on the front (or upper) and back (or lower) surfaces of the tile.
16. The tile according to the claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, characterized in that the tile is ceramic tile. The tile according to the claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, characterized in that; the tile can be made up of natural/synthetic, organic/inorganic materials like porcelain, natural stone, hardwood, laminate, compressed paper, glass, metal, cement based materials, rubber, plastic, cork, textile, vinyl, vinyl asbestos, linoleum, terrazzo or is produced as a composite by way of bringing of two or more of these materials together as well.
PCT/TR2012/000094 2011-12-22 2012-05-30 Composite tile preventing heat loss and rendering a warm feeling when touched and manufacturing method thereof WO2013095308A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3075714A1 (en) 2015-03-31 2016-10-05 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas Glass-ceramic material of albite and/or anorthite exhibing warmth
CN114163261A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-11 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 Wood-grain-like ceramic tile with wood warm touch feeling and preparation method thereof
US11780785B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2023-10-10 Porcelanite Lamosa, S.A. De C.V. Ceramic coatings with apatite carbonate that allow a tactile thermal sensation similar to wood and good resistance against wear, chemical attack and staining

Citations (2)

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US5800904A (en) * 1991-12-27 1998-09-01 Hallman; Robert A. Embossable surface covering with inorganic wear layer
EP1333065A2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-06 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. PET wear layer/sol gel top coat layer composites

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5800904A (en) * 1991-12-27 1998-09-01 Hallman; Robert A. Embossable surface covering with inorganic wear layer
EP1333065A2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-06 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. PET wear layer/sol gel top coat layer composites

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3075714A1 (en) 2015-03-31 2016-10-05 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas Glass-ceramic material of albite and/or anorthite exhibing warmth
WO2016155909A1 (en) 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) Albite and/or anorthite glass ceramic material exhibing thermal warmth
US11780785B2 (en) 2016-08-10 2023-10-10 Porcelanite Lamosa, S.A. De C.V. Ceramic coatings with apatite carbonate that allow a tactile thermal sensation similar to wood and good resistance against wear, chemical attack and staining
CN114163261A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-11 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 Wood-grain-like ceramic tile with wood warm touch feeling and preparation method thereof
CN114163261B (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-01-06 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 Wood-grain-like ceramic tile with wood warm touch feeling and preparation method thereof

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