WO2013044245A1 - Système et procédé d'adaptation à l'environnement de caractéristiques d'affichage - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'adaptation à l'environnement de caractéristiques d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013044245A1
WO2013044245A1 PCT/US2012/056942 US2012056942W WO2013044245A1 WO 2013044245 A1 WO2013044245 A1 WO 2013044245A1 US 2012056942 W US2012056942 W US 2012056942W WO 2013044245 A1 WO2013044245 A1 WO 2013044245A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
image signal
signal levels
gray level
display
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PCT/US2012/056942
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English (en)
Inventor
William Dunn
Harry Presley
Jerry Wasinger
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Manufacturing Resources International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Manufacturing Resources International, Inc. filed Critical Manufacturing Resources International, Inc.
Priority to CA2849902A priority Critical patent/CA2849902C/fr
Priority to US14/346,884 priority patent/US9799306B2/en
Priority to KR1020187036451A priority patent/KR102047433B1/ko
Priority to KR1020197033710A priority patent/KR20190130079A/ko
Priority to KR1020147010961A priority patent/KR101931733B1/ko
Priority to EP12833421.6A priority patent/EP2769376A4/fr
Publication of WO2013044245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013044245A1/fr
Priority to US15/789,707 priority patent/US10255884B2/en
Priority to US16/376,558 priority patent/US20190237045A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/10—Intensity circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
    • H04N21/422—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
    • H04N21/42202—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS] environmental sensors, e.g. for detecting temperature, luminosity, pressure, earthquakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
    • H04N21/4318—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering by altering the content in the rendering process, e.g. blanking, blurring or masking an image region
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/44—Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
    • H04N5/57—Control of contrast or brightness
    • H04N5/58—Control of contrast or brightness in dependence upon ambient light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0238—Improving the black level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0271—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
    • G09G2320/0646—Modulation of illumination source brightness and image signal correlated to each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/066—Adjustment of display parameters for control of contrast
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/14—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
    • G09G2360/144—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light being ambient light

Definitions

  • the exemplary embodiments herein pertain to a display and a method that utilizes measured properties of the viewing environment in order to automatically vary the visual characteristics of a display according to a set of predefined rules. Some embodiments provide an autonomous display that exhibits optimal visual perception for image reproduction at all environmental viewing conditions.
  • Displays are used in a very wide range of applications, including entertainment (e.g., television, e-books), advertisement (e.g., shopping malls, airports, billboards), information (e.g., automotive, avionics, system monitoring, security), and cross-applications (e.g., computers, smart phones) - there are literally hundreds of specific applications.
  • entertainment e.g., television, e-books
  • advertisement e.g., shopping malls, airports, billboards
  • information e.g., automotive, avionics, system monitoring, security
  • cross-applications e.g., computers, smart phones
  • displays are generally subject to a wide range of viewing environments, and in many applications the viewing environment of the display is not a constant. Therefore, it stands to reason that if the viewing environment can change then the visual characteristics of the display might also warrant change in order to maintain optimal performance and fidelity.
  • the primary visual characteristics of a display are brightness (often called contrast or picture), black level (confusingly called
  • FIG. 1 A very high-level diagram of the image capture and reproduction process is shown in Figure 1. Images typically originate from either real- world scenes captured by video/still cameras or from computer-generated scenery. The lofty goal of most reproduction systems is to display the most life-like image that is possible to the final human observer. There are very many impediments to doing this perfectly; in fact, some "enhancements" are often purposely added to the displayed image to improve the viewing experience.
  • One of the major impediments to high- fidelity reproduction is that the local viewing environment of the final observer cannot be definitively predicted, yet the viewing environment can have a profound impact on the visual quality of the reproduction. Also, the viewing environment can change almost continuously except in a few special cases such as the tightly controlled environment of a theater.
  • a subtle but very germane aspect of Figure 1 is that the total light that is reflected from a physical object is essentially the linear summation of the reflected light from all light sources that impinge upon the object.
  • an object may also emit its own light, and this light is also linearly added to the reflected contributions from the object in order to arrive at the total observed light.
  • the absolute brightness or luminance of any point in a scene is proportional to all constituent components of light that are traceable to that point. This is the reality that is presented to the human observer of a real scene, and is also the manner in which computer-generated scenery is typically created.
  • a display device should also adhere to the principle of luminance linearity for the purest form of reproduction. Or more generally, the entire end-to-end chain of processes, from the light that enters a camera to the light that exits the display, should adhere to the principle of luminance linearity. This principle will be relevant to various aspects of the subject invention.
  • the goal of a display should be to reproduce a life-like replica of the original scene.
  • One such limitation is the difficulty for a display to match the dynamic range of luminance that exists in the real world, especially at the upper end of the scale (e.g., the sun and reflections thereof).
  • Another limitation is that a display is a predominately "flat” version of the original scene; hence true three-dimensional (3D) depth reproduction is not possible, although various "3D” technologies exist to produce the illusion of depth, at least from one or more specific perspectives.
  • common displays cannot begin to simulate the nearly hemispherical field-of- view of the human eye, although special venues such as IMAX ® theaters attempt to overcome this.
  • the display itself is a physical object that exists in some environment, and the environment itself can have a very significant impact on the visual quality of the reproduction.
  • each pixel is typically comprised of 3 sub-pixels, one for each of the primary colors - typically red, green, and blue. While there are displays that may use 4 or more sub-pixels, the embodiments herein do not depend on the precise number of sub-pixels or colors that they represent.
  • the information content of a displayed image is the result of uniquely commanding, or driving, each sub-pixel, with the specifics of the driving process being technology-dependent (e.g., CRT, plasma, LCD, OLED, etc.).
  • the drive level of each sub-pixel can range from full off to full on - this is the fundamental process by which images are formed by a display.
  • the total range of displayable colors is obtained by varying the relative drive levels of the sub-pixels through their entire range of combinations.
  • Non- primary colors are produced when the human eye integrates the 3 sub-pixels to produce an effective blended color via the controlled mixing of the primary colors.
  • a gray level is a special case where all sub-pixels are being driven at the same level (as defined by VESA FPDM 2.0). This will generally produce a 'graylike' color ranging from full off (lowest brightness, appearing predominately black) to full on (highest brightness, appearing predominately white).
  • a detector commonly a solid-state pixilated detector using CCD or CMOS technology
  • O/E optical-to- electrical
  • This image signal is typically a voltage signal that is approximately proportional to the amount of light falling on each pixilated detector element, but S s may be immediately converted into a digital signal.
  • the source image signal S s may originate from computer-generated graphics that are typically developed in the linear domain in much the same way as light behaves in the real world.
  • the a exponent is referred to as a gamma-correction exponent, but herein it will be referred to more generally as a signal encoding exponent.
  • the decoded image signal S d is then used to drive the components in the display that convert the electrical image data into light that is emitted by the display (L 0 ) via an electrical-to-optical (E/O) conversion process.
  • the details of the E/O process are unique to the display technology; e.g., LCD, plasma, OLED, etc.
  • the decoding function f d was an integral part of the E/O conversion process.
  • the signals 'S' represent normalized values typically ranging from 0 to 1.
  • VMAX voltage signals
  • DMAX digital signals
  • the signal normalization process generally requires processing steps that are not explicitly shown in Figure 2, but are implied herein. As long as normalized signals are consistently used it does not matter whether the signals represent voltage levels or bit levels.
  • Another popular image encoding scheme is the sRGB standard that is intended for image rendering in moderately bright environments such as work offices with a background illumination of -350 lux.
  • Eq(l) is plotted in figure 4.
  • the desired end-to-end linearity power exponent ( ⁇ ) can be determined from Eq(l).
  • I a and ⁇ will be germane to certain aspects of the invention as described in following sections.
  • the relationship given by Eq(l) is merely representative, and the invention is not dependent on the exact form of Eq(l). In general, the invention may implement any arbitrary relationship between I a and ⁇ .
  • Eq(l) can be implemented in a discrete fashion, as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the number of discretized levels illustrated in Figure 5 is representative; the invention may implement an arbitrary number of discrete levels.
  • the exemplary embodiments herein utilize real-time measured data from an environmental light sensor along with stored characteristic display data to dynamically (in realtime) process and alter an image and/or video signal so that key display performance parameters such as brightness, black level, saturation, hue, and sharpness would be perceived as optimal, meaning they are tuned to their best intended rendering for the given viewing conditions.
  • Other embodiments also provide the method by which a display is calibrated to perform as described as well as the method for performing the dynamic performance process.
  • FIGURE 1 is a graphical representation of a typical image reproduction process.
  • FIGURE 2 is a block diagram for a signal encoding and decoding process.
  • FIGURE 3 is a graphical representation of image signal transformations per ITU-R
  • FIGURE 4 is a graphical representation of end-to-end power vs. ambient illumination.
  • FIGURE 5 is a graphical representation of end-to-end power vs. ambient illumination in a discrete implementation.
  • FIGURE 6 is a block diagram for the basic elements in an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is an illustration of reflected ambient light and its relationship with displayed light.
  • FIGURE 8 is block diagram for an embodiment using post-decoding adjustment of black level and/or linearity.
  • FIGURE 9 is a graphical representation of example signal transforms of Figure 8 using Equation (2).
  • FIGURE 10 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment for post-decoding adjustment.
  • FIGURE 11 is a block diagram of an embodiment for pre-decoding adjustment of black level and/or linearity.
  • FIGURE 12 is a graphical representation of example signal transforms of Figure 11 using Equation (4).
  • FIGURE 13 is graphical representation of example signal transforms of Figure 11 using Equation (5).
  • FIGURE 14 is graphical representation of example signal transforms of Figure 11 using Equation (6).
  • FIGURE 15 is graphical representation of example signal transforms of Figure 11 using Equation (7).
  • FIGURE 16 is a detailed view of the lower left hand corner of Figure 15.
  • Embodiments of the invention are described herein with reference to illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the invention. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing.
  • FIG. 6 provides a schematic view of the basic components of an exemplary embodiment.
  • an environment light sensor 100 is in electrical communication with an environment processor 200, which obtains video data from a video source 150.
  • the environmental processor 200 may contain several components, at least the display controller 110 and the calibration data 120.
  • the environmental processor 200 is preferably then in electrical communication with the display 300. In some embodiments, it would be the display controller 110 that is in electrical communication with the environment light sensor 100, video source 150, and the display 300.
  • the video source 150 can be any number of devices which generate and/or transmit video data, including but not limited to television/cable/satellite transmitters, DVD/Blue Ray players, computers, video recorders, or video gaming systems.
  • the environment light sensor 100 may be any opto-electronic device that converts the level of incoming light to a related electrical signal, and may also include spectral information as well.
  • the display controller 110 may be any combination of hardware and software that utilizes the signal from the ambient light sensor and modifies the video signal based on the calibration data.
  • the calibration data 120 is preferable a nonvolatile data storage which is accessible to the display controller that contains calibration data for the environment light sensor 100 and optionally including reflectance information for the display assembly.
  • the display 300 can be any electronic device which presents an image to the viewer.
  • the desired brightness (i.e., maximum luminance) of a display may change, but perhaps the most obvious case is when displays are used outdoors.
  • the ambient light illumination that surrounds the display may vary anywhere from the dark of night to the full sun of midday - roughly a factor of ten million, or 7 orders of magnitude.
  • the operation of the human visual system (comprising the eye, optic nerve, and brain) is a very complex subject; indeed, there is not full consensus on its parametric performance by most of the leading experts in the field. The issue is exacerbated by the highly adaptive and non- linear nature of the human visual system. Hence, there is no utility in attempting to define specific visual capabilities in this disclosure. However, there are a few generalities on which everyone would agree. For one, the human visual system can adapt over a very wide range of light levels given some time to adapt, by perhaps as much as 12 orders of magnitude. However, there is a limit to the instantaneous dynamic range of human vision at any particular level of adaptation, perhaps 2-3 orders of magnitude (this varies with the absolute level of adaptation).
  • a specific adaptation level depends on the integrated field-of-view of the eye (nearly hemispherical) taking into account all viewable objects and sources of light in this range. Since a display will only occupy some fraction of the total field-of-view then the maximum brightness of the display should be varied to accommodate the overall adaptation of human vision to various light levels, which of course would include the light from the display itself.
  • a display that produces 500 candela per square meter (nits) might be painfully bright when viewing at nighttime or other dark environments (unless one walked up close enough to the display so that it mostly fills their field-of-view and then allows some time for proper adaptation to occur), but the same display would appear somewhat dim and unimpressive on a bright sunlit day, and in fact may have lower gray levels that are indiscernible.
  • the maximum luminance of a display is automatically controlled, depending at least upon the instantaneously measured level of ambient light. This issue has been addressed by US patent number 8,125,163 and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • any display will reflect ambient environmental light to a certain degree.
  • the reflected light level may be high enough to substantially dominate the darker regions of the displayed image or video content (hereafter simply 'image').
  • the visual details in the darker regions of the image are essentially "washed out”.
  • the display cannot produce visually discernable brightness levels in an image that fall below the equivalent brightness level of the reflected ambient light.
  • Figure 7 where RAL is the effective brightness of the reflected ambient light and DBL is the displayed brightness level of any portion of an image. Wherever DBL ⁇ RAL in the image then there will be a discernable loss in image content in those regions.
  • An analogy is not being able to hear quieter passages within music while listening in an environment that has excessive background noise. For this very reason most radio broadcasts transmit signals that have a compressed dynamic range for improved "perceptual" listening in the noisy environment of a car.
  • the black level i.e., lowest luminance output
  • the displayed brightness of the black level is more or less equal to the effective brightness of the reflected ambient light.
  • This is equivalent to creating a signal-to-noise ratio >1 for all displayed light levels vs. the reflected ambient light.
  • a pure black region in the original image would become a specific level of dark gray depending on the ambient light level; i.e., the dynamic range of the image is compressed.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a means of automatically adjusting the black level and the linearity of a display according to pre-defined rules, such as but not limited to those previously discussed.
  • FIG. 8 The conceptually and functionally easiest location to perform autonomous black level and linearity adjustments are after the normal image signal decoding process, as generally illustrated in Figure 8.
  • the signal flow is similar to that described previously in Figure 2, except that now a new signal processing block labeled f p has been inserted into the signal flow for the purposes of providing automatic, real-time image signal adjustment in response to varying environmental conditions (i.e., an environmentally-reactive adjustment).
  • the processing block represented by f p can be viewed as a post-decoding processor since it operates after the normal signal decoding processor that is represented byj ⁇ .
  • a light sensor converts environmental light levels L e to an electrical signal in a typically linear optical-to-electrical (O/E) conversion process.
  • the output of this sensor feeds into an environmental processing unit labeled 'Proc' that contains at minimum a lookup table and/or computational algorithms that determine the desired display black level relative to the measured ambient light level.
  • the environmental processor may contain a lookup table and/or computational algorithms for image signal linearity modification (e.g., a power function) relative to the measured ambient light level.
  • image signal linearity modification e.g., a power function
  • the environmental processor output signal S a contains the instantaneous value of the desired display black level S b and optionally a signal linearity modification value that, for the case of a simple power function, takes the form of an exponent herein called ⁇ .
  • the decoded image signal S d and environmentally-reactive control signal S a are fed into the image signal processing block labeled f p which, in an exemplary embodiment, produces a final display driving signal S p according to Eq(2) below.
  • This equation assumes that the all three image signal transformations (encoding, decoding, and post-decoding) are performed with power law functions.
  • Signal encoding and decoding with power law functions are typical in the industry, although this is not a necessity for the invention as other functions may be used with various embodiments herein.
  • the right-hand side of Eq(2) represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p.
  • ⁇ linearity modifier power exponent (assuming power law modification)
  • the encoding exponent a and the decoding exponent ⁇ are known quantities, as assumed in Eq(2), then the final end-to-end signal linearity is determined solely by the value of the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ ; i.e., ⁇ is equivalent to the previously defined end-to-end linearity power exponent ⁇ .
  • the encoding exponent a is typically known based on the source of the image data, and the decoding exponent ⁇ is either given by the manufacturer of the display and/or can be determined by testing.
  • Eq(2) offers a specific example of the processes described in this section based on a specific method of signal encoding/decoding, but the general process is the same for any other method of encoding/decoding.
  • Eq(2) The functionality of Eq(2) is illustrated in Figure 9.
  • the requested black level has been set at 0.1 and the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ has been set to 1.20.
  • the effective decoding transformation is given by the lower curve
  • the functionality of the image signal decoding block f& could be absorbed into the environmental processor block f p as a new processing block labeled J3 ⁇ 4,, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the encoded image signal S e and environmentally-reactive control signal S a are fed into the image signal processing block labeled f p which, in an exemplary embodiment, produces a final display driving signal S p according to Eq(4) below.
  • This equation assumes that the all three image signal transformations (encoding, pre-decoder processing, and decoding) are performed with power law functions. Signal encoding and decoding with power law functions, are typical in the industry, although this is not a necessity for any of the embodiments herein.
  • the right-hand side of Eq(4) represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p .
  • S b desired black level offset as a fraction of the full-scale signal
  • ⁇ linearity modifier power exponent (assuming power law modification)
  • the encoding exponent a and the decoding exponent ⁇ are known quantities, as assumed in Eq(4), then the final signal linearity is determined solely by the value of the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ ; i.e., ⁇ is equivalent to the previously defined end-to-end linearity power exponent ⁇ .
  • the encoding exponent a is typically known based on the source of the image data, and the decoding exponent ⁇ is either given by the manufacturer of the display and/or can be determined by testing.
  • Eq(4) offers a specific example of the processes described in this section based on a specific method of signal encoding/decoding, but the general process is the same for any other method of encoding/decoding.
  • FIG. 12 An example of the functionality of Eq(4) is illustrated in Figure 12.
  • the requested black level has been set at 0.1 and the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ has been set to 1.20.
  • Figure 12 appears identical to Figure 9 because the same black level (S b ) and linearity modifier ( ⁇ ) have been requested in both cases.
  • the encoded image signal S e and environmentally-reactive control signal S a are fed into the image signal processing block labeled f p which, in an exemplary embodiment, produces a pre-decoding image signal S p according to Eq(5) below.
  • Eq(5) represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p .
  • a new feature of this embodiment is the introduction of a gray level threshold labeled S t , leading to the two conditional cases expressed in Eq(5).
  • the 1 st condition is applicable when encoded signal levels fall below a level that is derived from S t , in which case those signal levels will be set to 0 (i.e., full black). Otherwise, the 2 nd condition in Eq(5) is applicable for encoded signal levels that fall above the level derived from S t .
  • ⁇ signal decoding power exponent (assuming power law decoding)
  • S t desired gray level threshold as a fraction of the full-scale input signal
  • S b desired black level offset as a fraction of the full-scale output signal
  • ⁇ linearity modifier power exponent (assuming power law modification)
  • the gray level threshold (S t ) may be: 1) an environmentally-reactive variable determined via a lookup table or computational algorithms within the processing block labeled 'Proc', or 2) provided by the 'programmable instructions' port on 'Proc', or 3) be a fixed value pre-programmed within 'Proc', or 4) any combination of the above.
  • S t may be a fixed value within the f p processing block.
  • the encoding exponent a and the decoding exponent ⁇ are known quantities, as assumed in Eq(5), then the final signal linearity beyond the gray level threshold S t is determined solely by the value of the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ ; i.e., ⁇ is equivalent to the previously defined end-to-end linearity power exponent ⁇ .
  • the encoding exponent a is typically known based on the source of the image data, and the decoding exponent ⁇ is either given by the manufacturer of the display and/or can be determined by testing.
  • Eq(5) offers a specific example of the processes described in this section based on a specific method of signal encoding/decoding, but the general process is the same for any other method of encoding/decoding .
  • Eq(5) An example of the functionality of Eq(5) is illustrated in Figure 13.
  • the requested black level has been set at 0.1
  • the requested black level threshold has been set to 0.05
  • the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ has been set to 1.20.
  • Exemplary Embodiment 2 [0087]
  • the "cliff type of threshold cutoff produced by Eq(5) and illustrated in Figure 13 may produce objectionable visual artifacts in the image, especially for higher levels of thresholds and/or black level offsets. This would manifest as darker regions in an image that suddenly and unnaturally become black - this a phenomena that is sometimes referred to as banding. This effect can be reduced by softening the edge of the threshold.
  • Eq(6) represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p .
  • a new feature of this embodiment is the introduction of a gray level turn-off point labeled S 0 , leading to the three conditional cases expressed in Eq(6).
  • the 1 st condition is applicable when the encoded signal levels fall below a level that is derived from S o , in which case those signal levels are set to 0 (i.e., full black).
  • the 2 nd condition in Eq(6) is applicable for encoded signal levels that fall above the level derived from S t .
  • ⁇ signal decoding power exponent (assuming power law decoding)
  • S 0 desired gray level turn-off point as a fraction of the full-scale input signal
  • S b desired black level offset as a fraction of the full-scale output signal
  • ⁇ linearity modifier power exponent (assuming power law modification)
  • the gray level turn-off point (S 0 ) and gray level threshold (S t ) may be: 1) environmentally-reactive variables determined via a lookup table or computational algorithms within the processing block labeled 'Proc', or 2) provided by the 'programmable instructions' port on 'Proc', or 3) be fixed values pre-programmed within 'Proc', or 4) any combination of the above.
  • S 0 and S t may be fixed values within the f p processing block.
  • the encoding exponent a and the decoding exponent ⁇ are known quantities, as assumed in Eq(6), then the final signal linearity beyond the gray level threshold S t is determined solely by the value of the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ ; i.e., ⁇ is equivalent to the previously defined end-to-end linearity power exponent ⁇ .
  • the encoding exponent a is typically known based on the source of the image data, and the decoding exponent ⁇ is either given by the manufacturer of the display and/or can be determined by testing.
  • Eq(6) offers a specific example of the processes described in this section based on a specific method of signal encoding/decoding, but the general process is the same for any other method of encoding/decoding .
  • Eq(6) An example of the functionality of Eq(6) is illustrated in Figure 14.
  • the requested black level offset has been set at 0.1
  • the requested gray level turn-off has been set to 0.02
  • the gray level threshold has been set to 0.05
  • the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ has been set to 1.20.
  • the linear ramp between (S 0 , 0) and (S t , S b ) serve to reduce the aforementioned banding effect.
  • a new feature of this embodiment is the introduction of a gray level turn-off point labeled S 0 , leading to the three conditional cases expressed in Eq( 7 ).
  • the 1 st condition is applicable when the encoded signal levels fall below a level that is derived from S 0 , in which case those signal levels are set to 0 (i.e., full black).
  • the 2 nd condition in Eq( 7 ) is applicable.
  • the 3 rd condition in Eq( 7 ) is applicable for encoded signal levels that fall above the level derived from S t .
  • ⁇ signal decoding power exponent (assuming power law decoding)
  • S t desired gray level threshold as a fraction of the full-scale input signal
  • S b desired black level offset as a fraction of the full-scale output signal
  • ⁇ linearity modifier power exponent (assuming power law modification)
  • the gray level turn-off point (S 0 ) and gray level threshold (S t ) may be: 1) environmentally-reactive variables determined via a lookup table or computational algorithms within the processing block labeled 'Proc', or 2) provided by the 'programmable instructions' port on 'Proc', or 3) be fixed values pre-programmed within 'Proc', or 4) any combination of the above.
  • S 0 and S t may be fixed values within the processing block.
  • the encoding exponent a and the decoding exponent ⁇ are known quantities, as assumed in Eq( 7 ), then the final signal linearity beyond the gray level threshold S t is determined solely by the value of the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ ; i.e., ⁇ is equivalent to the previously defined end-to-end linearity power exponent ⁇ .
  • the encoding exponent a is typically known based on the source of the image data, and the decoding exponent ⁇ is either given by the manufacturer of the display and/or can be determined by testing.
  • Eq( 7 ) offers a specific example of the processes described in this section based on a specific method of signal encoding/decoding, but the general process is the same for any other method of encoding/decoding .
  • An example of the functionality of Eq( 7 ) is illustrated in Figure 15.
  • the requested black level offset has been set at 0.1
  • the requested gray level turn-off has been set to 0.02
  • the gray level threshold has been set to 0.05
  • the linearity modifier exponent ⁇ has been set to 1.20.
  • the effective decoding transformation is given by the lower curve
  • Eq(8) The BT.709 encoding process is described by Eq(8).
  • the 1 st condition in Eq(8) is intended to prevent a nearly infinite slope in the transform function for small signals (i.e., darkest gray levels), as would be the case for a purely power-law function, that would be problematic for noise at such low levels.
  • the BT.1886 decoding process is simply a power-law transformation as described by Eq(9).
  • the encoded image signal S e and environmentally-reactive control signal S a are fed into the image signal processing block labeled f p which, in an exemplary embodiment, produces a pre-decoding image signal S p according to Eq(10) below which represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p .
  • Eq(10) represents the processing functionality of block f p , accepting the input signals S a and S e and outputting the signal S p .
  • the break point at S s 0.018 in the encoding process described by Eq(8) leads to the two sets of conditional cases as expressed in Eq(10).
  • the 2 nd set of conditions in Eq(10) is applicable when the encoded signal level S e is greater than 0.081, leading to three more sub-conditions 2a- 2c that are dependent on the encoded signal level S e relative to the black level transition parameters S 0 and S t .
  • Eq(10) a sine function has been implemented for the black level transition for conditions lb and 2b, although there many functions that could be used for this purpose.
  • the reflectance characteristics of the LCD will be measured and stored in nonvolatile memory.
  • the ambient light sensor will be calibrated to a known light standard.
  • the display controller will continually analyze data from the light sensor and calculate the amount of light being reflected from the front of the LCD using the factory stored reflectance data.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système et un procédé pour modifier les caractéristiques d'un dispositif d'affichage sur la base de données environnementales. Des modes de réalisation illustratifs utilisent un capteur de lumière, une unité de traitement environnementale qui est conçue pour recevoir des signaux électriques en provenance du capteur de lumière et générer un signal de commande sensible à l'environnement (Sa), un processeur de signal d'image qui accepte Sa et un signal d'image codé (Se) et génère un signal d'image de pré-décodage (Sp), et un décodeur de signal d'image qui accepte Sp et génère un signal d'image décodé destiné au dispositif d'affichage. Le signal de commande sensible à l'environnement (Sa) peut contenir une valeur instantanée du niveau de noir d'affichage souhaité Sb. Selon une variante ou de plus, le signal de commande sensible à l'environnement (Sa) peut contenir une valeur de modification de linéarité de signal.
PCT/US2012/056942 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Système et procédé d'adaptation à l'environnement de caractéristiques d'affichage WO2013044245A1 (fr)

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CA2849902A CA2849902C (fr) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Systeme et procede d'adaptation a l'environnement de caracteristiques d'affichage
US14/346,884 US9799306B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 System and method for environmental adaptation of display characteristics
KR1020187036451A KR102047433B1 (ko) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 디스플레이 특성들의 환경 적응을 위한 시스템 및 방법
KR1020197033710A KR20190130079A (ko) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 디스플레이 특성들의 환경 적응을 위한 시스템 및 방법
KR1020147010961A KR101931733B1 (ko) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 디스플레이 특성들의 환경 적응을 위한 시스템 및 방법
EP12833421.6A EP2769376A4 (fr) 2011-09-23 2012-09-24 Système et procédé d'adaptation à l'environnement de caractéristiques d'affichage
US15/789,707 US10255884B2 (en) 2011-09-23 2017-10-20 System and method for environmental adaptation of display characteristics
US16/376,558 US20190237045A1 (en) 2011-09-23 2019-04-05 System and method for environmental adaptation of display characteristics

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US20140232709A1 (en) 2014-08-21
US10255884B2 (en) 2019-04-09
CA2849902C (fr) 2019-02-26
US9799306B2 (en) 2017-10-24
US20180040297A1 (en) 2018-02-08
KR20180137037A (ko) 2018-12-26
CA2849902A1 (fr) 2013-03-28
KR20190130079A (ko) 2019-11-20
KR20140088867A (ko) 2014-07-11
KR101931733B1 (ko) 2018-12-24
US20190237045A1 (en) 2019-08-01
KR102047433B1 (ko) 2019-12-04
EP2769376A1 (fr) 2014-08-27
EP2769376A4 (fr) 2015-07-22

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