WO2013005440A2 - Cell equalization control system - Google Patents

Cell equalization control system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013005440A2
WO2013005440A2 PCT/JP2012/004379 JP2012004379W WO2013005440A2 WO 2013005440 A2 WO2013005440 A2 WO 2013005440A2 JP 2012004379 W JP2012004379 W JP 2012004379W WO 2013005440 A2 WO2013005440 A2 WO 2013005440A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
cell
switch
cells
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/004379
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2013005440A3 (en
Inventor
Katsunori Tanaka
Original Assignee
Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki
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Publication date
Application filed by Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki filed Critical Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki
Publication of WO2013005440A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013005440A2/en
Publication of WO2013005440A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013005440A3/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cell equalization control system that equalize the capacities of cells or battery blocks constituting an assembled cell.
  • Vehicles or transport machines having a motor as the source of power in addition to the engine, including so-called hybrid cars, plug-in hybrid cars or hybrid vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles have been put into practical use. Furthermore, electric cars that have no engine and drive the vehicle by the motor only are also being put into practical use.
  • a lithium-ion battery and the like having low-size and large-capacity characteristics have been widely used.
  • an assembled cell in which a plurality of batteries hereinafter, the individual battery is referred to as a "cell”, and a plurality of "cells” being connected are referred to as a "block” and the like) is often provided.
  • the property of the lithium-ion battery and the like changes largely due to the temperature and the like, and the capacity and the charge efficiency of the battery also changes largely depending on the temperature of the environment in which the battery is used, especially under a usage environment such as in an automobile.
  • the capacities and the output voltages of the respective cells and the like vary among the cells and the like constituting an assembled cell.
  • the voltages that the respective cells generate vary, in a case such as when the voltage of a cell falls below the threshold for driving, a need for stopping or suppressing the overall power supply arises, which lowers the power efficiency. For this reason, a control to equalize the voltages or the capacities of the respective cells is needed.
  • the passive system presented as the configuration example in FIG. 6 has been known.
  • a circuit in which a resistance 602 and a switch 603 are serially connected is connected in parallel to each of the cells 601.
  • the voltages of the respective cells 601 (#1 through #N) are aligned by making the switch 603 connected in parallel to the cell 601 enter the connection state to make the cell 601 discharge via the resistance 602 that is connected to the shored switch 603.
  • the passive system as described above is a system to perform the equalization control by making the energy stored in the energy cell 601 discharged, it has a problem that the power efficiency is low because the power is wasted. In addition, it also has a problem that, since the equalization control is performed for each one of the cells using a resistance, the convergence of equalization also takes time. Furthermore, it also has a problem that the number of usage of the battery is limited, and the battery deteriorates when excessive charge and discharge (overcharge and overdischarge) are repeated.
  • the conventional active 1 system presented as the configuration example in FIG. 7 has been known.
  • This system has a configuration having (N+1) units of voltage detection terminals 702a, 702b connected to N units of battery blocks of an assembled cell 701 in which battery N units of battery blocks composed of one or a plurality of secondary batteries are serially connected; capacity means 706 storing the battery voltage; a first multiplexer 703 having a plurality of switches selectively connecting the odd-numbered voltage detection terminals 702a to a first terminal T1; a second multiplexer 704 having a plurality of switches selectively connecting the even-numbered voltage detection terminals 702b to a second terminal T2; and negativity correction means having a switch selectively connecting the first terminal T1 to an end or the other end of the capacity means 706 and selectively connecting the second terminal T2 to an end of the other end of the capacity means 706 and aligning the negativity of the voltage between the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 to a predetermined negativity
  • the first multiplexer 703, the second multiplexer 704 and the negativity correction means 705 are controlled to store the energy of the cell with a high capacity tentatively in the capacity means 706, and the cell with a low capacity is charged with the power stored in the capacity means 706. Accordingly, cell equalization control with which the charge may be performed while the vehicle is moving is realized with high power efficiency and a small number of switches, and at a low cost since a low-price condenser may be used as the capacity 706.
  • the conventional active 2 system presented as the configuration example in FIG. 8 has been known.
  • This system has a configuration including an assembled cell 801 composed of a plurality of serially connected cells, and a transformer 803 whose primary coil side is connected to both of the output terminals of the assembled cell 801 via a switch 804 and whose secondary coil side is connected to the terminals at the both ends of each of the cells of the assembled cell 801 via a rectifier diode 805 and a switch group 802.
  • an apparatus includes a voltage detection terminal group connected to both sides of respective cells constituting an assembled cell, a first switch group connecting an odd-numbered of the voltage detection terminal group selectively to a first terminal, a second switch group connecting an even-numbered of the voltage detection terminal group selectively to a second terminal, a transformer in which an output terminal of the assembled cell or an output terminal of regenerated energy is connected to a primary coil side of the transformer via a switch element, a polarity switching relay group controlling connection polarity of the first terminal and the second terminal and connecting the first terminal and the second terminal to a second coil side of the transformer via a rectifier diode, and a control unit controlling the first switch group, the second switch group and the polarity switching relay group to connect, to a secondary coil of the transformer, prescribed battery cells or prescribed battery blocks in which the battery cells are put together constituting the assembled cell, and after that, performing equalization control for the prescribed battery cells or the prescribed battery blocks by controlling the switch element.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram presenting an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 FIG. 2 is an operation illustration diagram of an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 FIG. 3 is a flowchart presenting an example of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 FIG. 4 is a timing chart illustrating an example of the control operation of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a comparison figure of the embodiment and the conventional active systems.
  • FIG. 6 FIG. 6 is a diagram presenting a configuration example of the first prior art (passive system).
  • FIG. 7 FIG. 7 is a diagram presenting a configuration example of the second prior art (conventional active 1 system).
  • FIG. 8 FIG. 8 is a diagram presenting a configuration example of the third prior art (conventional active 2 system).
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram presenting an example of the embodiment.
  • the present embodiment is implemented as a cell equalization system to equalize the capacities of cells or battery blocks of an assembled cell installed in a vehicle.
  • An assembled cell 101 has a configuration in which a plurality of cells are serially connected as a battery block and a plurality of them are further connected, and is for example a lithium ion battery that drives a vehicle and the like.
  • the outputs of the both sides of the assembled cell 101 are connected to output terminals OUT1 and OUT2.
  • the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 are connected to the control circuit of the drive motor.
  • voltage detection terminal groups 102a, 102b are connected to the both sides of each of the cells constituting the assembled cell 101.
  • the odd-numbered ones of the voltage detection terminal group 102a are selectively connected to a terminal T1 by a first switch group 103.
  • the even-numbered ones of the voltage detection terminal group 102b are selectively connected to the second terminal T2 by the second switch group 104.
  • the first terminal T1 and the second terminal T2 are subjected to the control of their connection polarity by a polarity switching relay group 105 and connected to the secondary coil side of a transformer 106 through the rectifier diode.
  • a control unit 109 monitors the voltage of each of the cells or the battery blocks in the assembled cell 101 via a control signal terminal S1.
  • the control unit 109 controls the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104 via control signal terminals S2 and S3.
  • the control unit 109 controls the polarity switching relay group 105 via a control signal terminal S4.
  • the control unit 109 controls the switch element 107 via a control signal terminal S5.
  • the control unit 109 monitors the current value that a current sensor placed on the position of the first terminal T1 (may also be the second terminal T2) detects, through a control signal terminal S6.
  • FIG. 2 is an operation illustration diagram of an example of the present embodiment.
  • the illustration diagram presents the current pathway when the control unit in FIG. 1 determines, through the control signal terminal S1, that the capacity of the top cell in the assembled cell 101 is the lowest and requires charging.
  • control unit 109 in FIG. 1 makes a switch sw1 in the first switch group 103 in FIG. 1 enter the conduction state, via the control signal terminal S2.
  • control unit 109 makes a switch sw1' in the second switch group 104 in FIG. 1 enter the conduction state, via the control signal terminal S3.
  • control unit 109 makes relays s1 and s4 in the polarity switching relay group 105 in FIG. 1 enter the conduction state via the control signal terminal S4.
  • the control unit 109 makes the on/off operation of the switch element 107 started, via the control signal terminal S5.
  • the intermittent current is transmitted to the secondary coil side by the electromagnetic induction effect, and flows from the rectifier diode 108 to the positive electrode side of the top cell in the assembled cell 101 via the relay s1, the first terminal T1, and the switch sw1. In addition, it returns to the secondary coil side of the transformer 106 from the negative electrode side of the cell via the switch sw1', the second terminal T2, and a relay s4.
  • the top cell in the assembled cell 101 may be charged.
  • a switch sw 2 of the first switch group 103 and the switch sw1' of the second switch group 104 are put into the conduction state.
  • the relays s2 and s3 of the polarity switching relay group 105 are put into the conduction state.
  • the current flows in the route from the output of the rectifier diode 108 -> the relay s3 -> the second terminal T2 -> the switch sw1' -> the second cell -> the switch sw2 -> the first terminal T1 -> the relay s2 -> the secondary coil side of the transformer 106, making it possible to charge the second cell.
  • the switch sw 2 of the first switch group 103 and a switch sw2' of the second switch group 104 are put into the conduction state.
  • the relays s1 and s4 of the polarity switching relay group 105 are put into the conduction state.
  • the current flows in the route from output of the rectifier diode 108 -> the relay s1 -> the first terminal T1 -> the switch sw2 -> the third cell -> the switch sw2' -> the second terminal T2 -> the relay s4 -> the secondary coil side of the transformer 106, making it possible to charge the third cell.
  • the first switch group 103, the second switch group and the polarity switching relay group 105 are provided, and as a means to provide the power, a regeneration circuit composed of a transformer 106, the switch element 107, and the rectifier diode 108 is provided. According to this configuration, the number of switches may be reduced while ensuring an insulation property between the cells, and it becomes possible to realize a cell equalization system with which the equalization control may be performed constantly even while the vehicle is moving.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are a flowchart and a timing chart presenting the control operation of the present embodiment.
  • the control operation in the flowchart in FIG. 3 is executed by the control unit 109 in FIG. 1.
  • the control unit 109 is realized as a computer system having a CPU (central processing unit), a program ROM (read-only memory), a RAM (random-access memory), and the like, for example. Then, as a process in which the CPU executes a control program stored in the program ROM, the control operation in the flowchart in FIG. 3 is realized.
  • the control unit 109 calculates the lowest block voltage, the lowest cell voltage, the target block voltage and the target cell voltage (step S301).
  • the assembled cell 101 in FIG. 1 is configured with a plurality of cells, and a certain number of the block cells further constitute a unit called a battery block. That is, a plurality of cells constitute one battery block, and a plurality of the battery blocks constitute the assembled cell 101 together. Therefore, the equalization control is performed in units of both the battery block and the cell.
  • the block voltages of the respective battery blocks are monitored in units of the battery block, to calculate the lowest block voltage as one of them whose voltage is the lowest, and the battery block corresponding to it is recorded.
  • the cell voltages that the respective cells output are monitored in units of the cell as well, to calculate the lowest cell voltage as one of them whose voltage is the lowest, and the cell corresponding to it is recorded.
  • the target block voltage and the target cell voltage are voltage values that the battery block of the lowest block voltage and the cell of the lowest cell voltage should reach. There may be a fixed value, or may be calculated from all the block values and the cell values in the assembled cell 101 by a predetermined calculation.
  • control unit 109 compares the cell voltage deviation being the difference between the lowest cell voltage and the target cell voltage, and the block voltage deviation being the difference between the lowest block voltage and the target block voltage (step S302).
  • step S302->S303 a control process to select the cell corresponding to the lowest cell voltage as the charge cell is executed.
  • step S302->S304 a control process to select the battery block corresponding to the lowest block voltage as the charge block is executed.
  • the control unit 109 controls the control signal terminals S2 and S3, to control the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104 in FIG. 1 so that the terminals at the both sides of the cell corresponding to the lowest cell voltage may be selected.
  • the switches sw1 and sw1' are selected when the top cell is determined as the charge cell.
  • the control unit 109 controls the polarity switching relay group 105 according to the polarity of the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104 connected to the selected cell, via the control signal terminal S4. In the example in FIG. 2, the relays s1 and s4 are selected.
  • FIG. 4 (a) and (d) are timing charts presenting the ON timing of the selected switches in the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104.
  • the ON timing of the switch sw1 and sw'1 is presented according to the example in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 (b) and (c) are timing charts presenting the ON timing of the selected switches in the polarity switching relay group 105.
  • the ON timing of the relay s1 and s4 is presented according to the example in FIG. 2. According to these, ON timing of the relays are controlled to be slightly behind the ON timing of the switches.
  • step S304 the control unit 109 controls the control signal terminals S2 and S3 to perform a selecting process of the charge block, to select the terminals of the both sides of the cell corresponding to the lowest block voltage.
  • the control unit 109 controls the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104 in FIG. 1. Next, the control unit 109 controls the polarity switching relay group 105 according to the polarity of the first switch group 103 and the second switch group 104 connected to the selected the battery block, via the control signal terminal S4. After that, the control unit 109 turns the selected switch and relays ON to make them enter the conduction state.
  • the control unit 109 obtains the current value at the position of the first terminal T1 in FIG. 1 from the current sensor, and judges whether or not the current sensor value is smaller than a predetermined dark current value (a value close to approximately zero) (step S305).
  • a predetermined dark current value a value close to approximately zero
  • step S305 When the current sensor value becomes equal to or larger than the dark current value and the judgment in step S305 becomes NO, the control unit 109 turns off all the relays in the polarity switching relay group 105 to stop the regeneration operation and warns of the anomaly by a lamplight and the like (step S307).
  • FIG. 4(e) is a timing chart presenting the confirm timing of the output value of the current sensor placed at the first terminal T1 in FIG. 1. Immediately after the first switch group 103, the second switch group 104 and the polarity switching relay group 105 are turned ON, the current value is close to zero in the normal case, and the output current rises according to the regeneration operation after that.
  • the control unit 109 makes the intermittent operation of the switch element 107 started via the control signal terminal S5 in FIG. 1 to start the charging operation by the regeneration circuit composed of the transformer 106, the switch element 107 and the rectifier diode 108 (step S306).
  • the timing chart is as presented in FIG. 4(f).
  • control unit 109 After the charging process described above, once the control unit 109 confirms that the target charge cell or charge block reached the target cell voltage or the target block voltage via the control signal terminal S1, and then performs the following operation. That is, the control unit 109 turns off the relays selected in the polarity switching relay group 105 via the control signal terminal S4, and switches off the first switching group 103 and the second switch group 104 via the control signal terminals S2 and S3 (above is step S308).
  • step S301 After that, returning to the control process in step S301, the cell equalization control is continued.
  • FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of the number of parts in the conventional active 1 system illustrated in FIG. 7, the conventional active 2 system illustrated in FIG. 8, and the present embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • the assembled cell 101 assumed here has a configuration in which the number of cells is 14 in series, and 8 battery blocks constituted by them are configured in parallel.
  • the number of parts may be reduced to about half compared to the conventional active 2 system that excels in the insulation property, and may be implemented with an approximately same number of parts as in the conventional active 1 system in which the number of parts is small but is weak in the insulation property.
  • the cell equalization control may be performed anytime such as when the vehicle is parked, moving and charging. This eliminates the need to worry about the convergence time required for charging, and it becomes possible to supply energy to a plurality of cells and battery blocks by the switching of the charge cell or charge block.
  • the transformer 106 since the transformer 106 is used, the insulation between the primary coil side and the secondary coil side is ensured. Furthermore, the polarity switching relay group 105 enables a quick insulation at times such as when a short fault occurs, and the insulation property between cells is ensured.
  • the equalization control by performing the equalization control constantly, it becomes possible to suppress overcharge/overdischarge while the vehicle is moving, and to extend the drive time. With the voltages during driving equalized, the duration of the battery may be extended, and the drivability stabilizes as no rapid voltage variation occurs.
  • the regenerated energy and the like sent from outside is directly adjusted using the transformer 106, improving the power efficiency since there is no energy storage loss. It becomes possible to reuse passive waste energy and to directly equalize regenerated and charging energy.
  • the equalization process may be performed constantly, there is no need to let a large current flow, making it possible to be managed with a part with a small capacity, and a smaller cell equalization system is realized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
PCT/JP2012/004379 2011-07-05 2012-07-05 Cell equalization control system WO2013005440A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011149116A JP2013017323A (ja) 2011-07-05 2011-07-05 セル均等化制御システム
JP2011-149116 2011-07-05

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WO2013005440A2 true WO2013005440A2 (en) 2013-01-10
WO2013005440A3 WO2013005440A3 (en) 2013-10-10

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Cited By (6)

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CN105471019A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2016-04-06 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 控制用于电池的主动平衡***中的极性
US9373973B2 (en) 2014-02-20 2016-06-21 Lg Chem, Ltd. Apparatus, system, and method of preventing battery rack damage by measuring current
CN106532151A (zh) * 2016-12-07 2017-03-22 上海空间电源研究所 一种锂离子蓄电池单体均衡执行装置
CN107664726A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-06 盐城市惠众新能源科技有限公司 开关网络检测***和开关网络检测***的控制方法
CN109861334A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-07 深圳市力通威电子科技有限公司 锂电池均衡控制方法
EP4277078A1 (en) * 2022-05-09 2023-11-15 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Control circuit apparatus of battery system and battery management system

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KR101686018B1 (ko) * 2015-06-17 2016-12-28 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 트랜스포머를 이용한 배터리셀 밸런싱 회로

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JP2005328642A (ja) 2004-05-14 2005-11-24 Panasonic Ev Energy Co Ltd 容量均等化装置
JP2010220413A (ja) 2009-03-17 2010-09-30 Jm Energy Corp キャパシタモジュールの均等化制御回路及び均等化制御回路を備えた均等化制御装置

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9373973B2 (en) 2014-02-20 2016-06-21 Lg Chem, Ltd. Apparatus, system, and method of preventing battery rack damage by measuring current
CN105471019A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2016-04-06 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 控制用于电池的主动平衡***中的极性
CN107664726A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-06 盐城市惠众新能源科技有限公司 开关网络检测***和开关网络检测***的控制方法
CN106532151A (zh) * 2016-12-07 2017-03-22 上海空间电源研究所 一种锂离子蓄电池单体均衡执行装置
CN109861334A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-07 深圳市力通威电子科技有限公司 锂电池均衡控制方法
EP4277078A1 (en) * 2022-05-09 2023-11-15 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Control circuit apparatus of battery system and battery management system

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WO2013005440A3 (en) 2013-10-10

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