WO2013005292A1 - Dispositif d'épuration de l'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif d'épuration de l'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013005292A1
WO2013005292A1 PCT/JP2011/065279 JP2011065279W WO2013005292A1 WO 2013005292 A1 WO2013005292 A1 WO 2013005292A1 JP 2011065279 W JP2011065279 W JP 2011065279W WO 2013005292 A1 WO2013005292 A1 WO 2013005292A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nox catalyst
selective reduction
exhaust
urea
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/065279
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
伊藤　和浩
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2011/065279 priority Critical patent/WO2013005292A1/fr
Publication of WO2013005292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013005292A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • a technique for providing a selective reduction type NOx catalyst (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a NOx catalyst) as an exhaust purification device in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine is known.
  • the NOx catalyst reduces NOx in the exhaust gas using ammonia or HC as a reducing agent.
  • an auxiliary selective reduction type NOx catalyst (NOx selective reduction auxiliary catalyst) having a smaller heat capacity than the selective reduction type NOx catalyst is provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst (NOx selective reduction main catalyst).
  • the providing technique is disclosed.
  • a urea aqueous solution supply valve is provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the auxiliary selective reduction type NOx catalyst.
  • Patent Document 2 a selective reduction type NOx catalyst is provided in an exhaust passage downstream of a particulate filter, and further, an exhaust pipe injecting an ammonia-based solution into an exhaust passage between the particulate filter and the selective reduction type NOx catalyst is disclosed.
  • a technique for providing an injection device is disclosed. In the technique described in Patent Document 2, an ammonia-based solution is injected from the injection port of the exhaust pipe injection device in the radial direction of the exhaust passage (that is, the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the exhaust passage).
  • an addition device for adding an oxidant or a reducing agent to the exhaust gas may be provided to supply the oxidant or the reducing agent to the NOx catalyst.
  • the addition device is exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas, so that deterioration may be promoted.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to suppress deterioration of an adding device provided in an exhaust passage.
  • the first NOx catalyst and the second NOx catalyst are provided in order from the upstream side along the exhaust flow.
  • An adding device is provided between the first NOx catalyst and the second NOx catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine is A first selective reduction type NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine; A second selective reduction type NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage downstream of the first selective reduction type NOx catalyst; An addition device that is provided in an exhaust passage between the first selective reduction type NOx catalyst and the second selective reduction type NOx catalyst and adds an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent into the exhaust; Is provided.
  • the temperature of the exhaust to which the addition device is exposed is lower than when the addition device is arranged upstream of the first NOx catalyst. Therefore, deterioration of the addition device can be suppressed.
  • the adding device may add an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent toward the first NOx catalyst. According to this, the oxidizing agent or reducing agent added into the exhaust gas from the adding device is further diffused until reaching the second NOx catalyst. Therefore, the oxidation reaction or reduction reaction in the second NOx catalyst can be further promoted.
  • the addition device may be arranged at a position where at least part of the spray of the oxidizing agent or the reducing agent added to the exhaust gas from the addition device reaches the first NOx catalyst. According to this, a part of the oxidizing agent or reducing agent that has reached the first NOx catalyst is reformed in the first NOx catalyst. Then, the modified oxidizing agent or reducing agent is supplied to the second NOx catalyst.
  • urea is added from the adding device, urea that has reached the first NOx catalyst is hydrolyzed in the first NOx catalyst to generate ammonia. A part of the generated ammonia is supplied to the second NOx catalyst. Therefore, the oxidation reaction or reduction reaction in the second NOx catalyst can be further promoted.
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is applied to a diesel engine for driving a vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is not limited to a diesel engine, and may be a gasoline engine or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is a diesel engine for driving a vehicle.
  • An exhaust passage 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 represents the flow direction of exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust passage 2 is provided with a first selective reduction type NOx catalyst (first NOx catalyst) 3.
  • a second selective reduction type NOx catalyst (second NOx catalyst) 4 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • a urea addition valve 5 is provided in the exhaust passage 2 between the first NOx catalyst 3 and the second NOx catalyst 4.
  • the urea addition valve 5 adds an aqueous urea solution into the exhaust gas (in FIG. 1, the hatched portion indicates spraying of the aqueous urea solution).
  • the urea addition valve 5 adds an aqueous urea solution in the direction of the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the urea addition valve 5 is arranged at a position where at least a part of the spray of the urea aqueous solution added from the urea addition valve 5 reaches the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the urea addition valve 5 is connected to a urea tank (not shown) in which a urea aqueous solution is stored. A urea aqueous solution is supplied from the urea tank to the urea addition valve 5.
  • the urea addition valve 5 is electrically connected to an ECU (not shown) for controlling the internal combustion engine 1 and is controlled by the ECU.
  • the urea is supplied to the first and second NOx catalysts 3 and 4 by adding the urea aqueous solution into the exhaust gas from the urea addition valve 5.
  • the urea added from the urea addition valve 5 and reaching the first NOx catalyst 3 is once adsorbed on the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the urea that has not been adsorbed on the first NOx catalyst 3 is supplied to the second NOx catalyst 4 provided on the downstream side and adsorbed on the second NOx catalyst 4.
  • the urea adsorbed on each of the NOx catalysts 3 and 4 is hydrolyzed to produce ammonia.
  • the ammonia serves as a reducing agent to reduce NOx in the exhaust.
  • the fuel injected by the auxiliary fuel injection is discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 together with the exhaust gas and supplied to the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the fuel (HC) serves as a reducing agent to reduce NOx in the exhaust.
  • the urea addition valve 5 is disposed downstream of the first NOx catalyst 3. Therefore, the urea addition valve 5 is not directly exposed to the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the internal combustion engine 1. That is, the temperature of the exhaust gas to which the urea addition valve 5 is exposed is lower than when the urea addition valve 5 is disposed upstream of the first NOx catalyst 3. Therefore, deterioration of the urea addition valve 5 can be suppressed.
  • the urea aqueous solution is added from the urea addition valve 5 toward the first NOx catalyst 3. That is, the aqueous urea solution is added upstream from the urea addition valve 5. Therefore, of the urea added from the urea addition valve 5, urea supplied to the second NOx catalyst 4 without adhering to the first NOx catalyst 3 is more easily diffused until reaching the second NOx catalyst 4. That is, the urea is more widely diffused from the urea addition valve 5 toward the downstream side (second NOx catalyst 4 side) or in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the exhaust passage 2 compared with the case where the urea aqueous solution is added. Is supplied to the second NOx catalyst 4. Therefore, the hydrolysis of urea in the second NOx catalyst 4 can be further promoted. As a result, the NOx reduction reaction using ammonia as the reducing agent in the second NOx catalyst 4 can be further promoted.
  • the urea addition valve 5 does not necessarily have to be disposed at a position where the spray of the added urea aqueous solution reaches the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the urea addition valve 5 by arranging the urea addition valve 5 at such a position, the following effects can be further obtained.
  • the ammonia that has not been consumed in the NOx reduction reaction in the first NOx catalyst 3 becomes the second NOx catalyst 4. Supplied.
  • the ammonia is consumed in the NOx reduction reaction in the second NOx catalyst 4. Therefore, the NOx reduction reaction in the second NOx catalyst 4 can be further promoted than when the spray of the urea aqueous solution added from the urea addition valve 5 does not reach the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • the heat capacity of the first NOx catalyst 3 may be made smaller than the heat capacity of the second NOx catalyst 4. According to this, it becomes easier for the first NOx catalyst 3 to rise in temperature. Therefore, the hydrolysis of urea in the first NOx catalyst 3 can be further promoted.
  • the urea addition valve 5 corresponds to the addition device according to the present invention.
  • the addition apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to the one that adds urea, and may be one that adds another oxidizing agent or reducing agent to the exhaust gas. Even if it is a case where it replaces with the urea addition valve 5 and the addition apparatus which adds another oxidizing agent or a reducing agent in exhaust_gas
  • a fuel addition valve for adding fuel to the exhaust gas may be provided, and fuel may be added as a reducing agent from the fuel addition valve.
  • fuel may be added as a reducing agent from the fuel addition valve.
  • a part of the fuel added from the fuel addition valve and reaching the first NOx catalyst 3 is reformed in the first NOx catalyst 3.
  • a part of the reformed fuel is supplied to the second NOx catalyst 4. Therefore, the NOx reduction reaction in the second NOx catalyst 4 can be promoted.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to a modified example of the embodiment.
  • the first and second NOx catalysts 3 and 4 and the urea addition valve 5 may be provided in a bent portion (or curved portion) of the exhaust passage 2.
  • the arrow indicates the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the shaded area represents spraying of the urea aqueous solution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'épuration de l'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne. Le but de la présente invention consiste à supprimer la détérioration d'un oxydant ou d'un dispositif d'addition d'oxydant qui est utilisé dans un trajet d'échappement pour fournir un oxydant ou un réducteur à un catalyseur de NOx à réduction sélective. Dans le trajet d'échappement (2) d'un moteur à combustion interne (1), un premier catalyseur de NOx à réduction sélective (3) et un second catalyseur de NOx à réduction sélective (4) sont montés en série en partant du côté amont et le long de l'écoulement de l'échappement. En outre, le dispositif d'addition (5) est placé entre le premier catalyseur de NOx à réduction sélective (3) et le second catalyseur de NOx à réduction sélective (4).
PCT/JP2011/065279 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Dispositif d'épuration de l'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne WO2013005292A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/065279 WO2013005292A1 (fr) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Dispositif d'épuration de l'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/065279 WO2013005292A1 (fr) 2011-07-04 2011-07-04 Dispositif d'épuration de l'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015212485A1 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-01-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Abgastrakt mit gegen eine Strömungsrichtung spritzende Dosiereinrichtung, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Abgastraktes sowie Fahrzeug mit Abgastrakt

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002221024A (ja) * 2001-01-22 2002-08-09 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 脱硝装置用液体還元剤の供給方法及び装置
JP2006336588A (ja) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-14 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2008045559A (ja) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-28 Emitec Ges Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh 内燃機関の排気ガス流への少なくとも１種の反応物の添加方法および内燃機関の排気ガス流の処理装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002221024A (ja) * 2001-01-22 2002-08-09 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd 脱硝装置用液体還元剤の供給方法及び装置
JP2006336588A (ja) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-14 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2008045559A (ja) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-28 Emitec Ges Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh 内燃機関の排気ガス流への少なくとも１種の反応物の添加方法および内燃機関の排気ガス流の処理装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015212485A1 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-01-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Abgastrakt mit gegen eine Strömungsrichtung spritzende Dosiereinrichtung, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Abgastraktes sowie Fahrzeug mit Abgastrakt
DE102015212485B4 (de) 2015-07-03 2018-06-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Abgastrakt mit gegen eine Strömungsrichtung spritzende Dosiereinrichtung, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Abgastraktes sowie Fahrzeug mit Abgastrakt
US10837341B2 (en) 2015-07-03 2020-11-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust tract having a metering device which sprays counter to a direction of flow, method for operating an exhaust tract and vehicle having an exhaust tract

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