WO2013001729A1 - 映像符号化装置及び映像復号装置 - Google Patents
映像符号化装置及び映像復号装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013001729A1 WO2013001729A1 PCT/JP2012/003759 JP2012003759W WO2013001729A1 WO 2013001729 A1 WO2013001729 A1 WO 2013001729A1 JP 2012003759 W JP2012003759 W JP 2012003759W WO 2013001729 A1 WO2013001729 A1 WO 2013001729A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video encoding technique, and more particularly, to a video encoding technique that performs prediction with reference to a reconstructed image and data compression by quantization.
- a general video encoding device generates encoded data, that is, a bit stream, by performing an encoding process based on a predetermined video encoding method for each frame of an input video.
- ISO / IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) described in Non-Patent Document 1 which is a representative example of a predetermined video encoding method, is a 16 ⁇ 16 pixel size in which each frame is called MB (Macro Block)
- the MB is further divided into blocks of 4 ⁇ 4 pixel size, and the MB is set as the minimum structural unit for encoding.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of block division when the frame color format is YCbCr 4: 2: 0 format and the spatial resolution is QCIF (Quarter Intermediate Format).
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a general video encoding device that generates a bitstream compliant with the AVC scheme.
- FIG. 18 the configuration and operation of a general video encoding apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
- a frame memory 107 an intra-frame predictor 108, an inter-frame predictor 109, a prediction selector 110, and a bit stream buffer 111.
- the image input to the video encoding device is subtracted from the prediction image supplied from the intra-frame predictor 108 or the inter-frame predictor 109 via the prediction selector 110, and then is supplied to the frequency converter 101 as a prediction error image. Entered.
- the frequency converter 101 converts the input prediction error image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain and outputs it as a coefficient image.
- the quantizer 102 quantizes the coefficient image supplied from the frequency converter 101 using a quantization step size supplied from the quantization controller 104 for controlling the quantization granularity, and generates a quantized coefficient. Output as an image.
- variable length encoder 103 entropy encodes the quantized coefficient image supplied from the quantizer 102. Further, the quantization step size supplied from the quantization controller 104 and the image prediction parameter supplied from the prediction selector 110 are encoded together. These encoded data are multiplexed and stored in the bit stream buffer 111 as a bit stream.
- the bit stream buffer 111 accumulates the bit stream supplied from the variable length encoder 103 and outputs the bit stream as an output of the video encoding device at a predetermined transmission rate.
- the bit stream buffer 111 adjusts the processing speed in the video encoding device and the transmission speed of the bit stream output from the video encoding device.
- the quantization step size encoder that performs the encoding of the quantization step size in the variable length encoder 103 includes a quantization step size buffer 10311 and an entropy encoder 10312.
- the quantization step size buffer 10311 holds the quantization step size Q (i-1) assigned to the image block encoded immediately before.
- the input quantization step size Q (i) is subtracted from the previous quantization step size Q (i-1) supplied from the quantization step size buffer 10311 as shown in the following equation (1). Thereafter, the difference quantization step size dQ (i) is input to the entropy encoder 10312.
- the entropy encoder 10312 entropy-encodes the input differential quantization step size dQ (i) and outputs it as a code corresponding to the quantization step size.
- the quantization controller 104 determines a quantization step size for the current input image block.
- the quantization controller 104 monitors the output code amount of the variable-length encoder 103 and increases the quantization step size so that the output code amount for the image block decreases, or conversely, the image block. For example, the quantization step size is reduced so that the output code amount for is increased.
- the video encoding apparatus can encode the input moving image with the target code amount.
- the determined quantization step size is supplied to the quantizer 102 and the variable length encoder 103.
- the quantized coefficient image output from the quantizer 102 is inversely quantized by the inverse quantizer 105 and used as a coefficient image for use in prediction in subsequent image block coding.
- the coefficient image output from the inverse quantizer 105 is returned to the spatial domain by the inverse frequency converter 106 and becomes a prediction error image.
- the prediction error image is input to the frame memory 107 and the intra-frame predictor 108 as a reconstructed image after the prediction image is added.
- the frame memory 107 stores a reconstructed image of an image frame input and encoded in the past.
- An image frame stored in the frame memory 107 is referred to as a reference frame.
- the intra-frame predictor 108 generates a predicted image with reference to a reconstructed image of an image block encoded in the past in an image frame currently being encoded.
- the inter-frame predictor 109 generates a predicted image with reference to the reference frame supplied from the frame memory 107.
- the prediction selector 110 compares the predicted image supplied from the intra-frame predictor 108 with the predicted image supplied from the inter-frame predictor 109, and selects and outputs a predicted image closer to the input image. Also, information (referred to as an image prediction parameter) related to the prediction method performed by the intra-frame predictor 108 or the inter-frame predictor 109 is output and supplied to the variable length encoder 103.
- a general video encoding apparatus compresses and encodes an input moving image by the above processing to generate a bit stream.
- FIG. 20 shows an example of the configuration of a general video decoding apparatus that decodes a bitstream output from a general video encoding apparatus and obtains decoded video.
- a general video decoding apparatus that decodes a bitstream output from a general video encoding apparatus and obtains decoded video.
- variable length decoder 201 includes a variable length decoder 201, an inverse quantizer 202, an inverse frequency converter 203, a frame memory 204, an intraframe predictor 205, an interframe predictor 206, and a prediction.
- a selector 207 and a bit stream buffer 208 are provided.
- the bit stream buffer 208 accumulates the input bit stream and then outputs it to the variable length decoder 201.
- the bit stream buffer 208 adjusts the transmission speed of the bit stream input to the video decoding apparatus and the processing speed in the video decoding apparatus.
- the variable length decoder 201 performs variable length decoding on the bit stream input from the bit stream buffer 208, and obtains a quantization step size for controlling the granularity of inverse quantization, a quantized coefficient image, and an image prediction parameter. obtain.
- the quantization step size and the quantization coefficient image are supplied to the inverse quantizer 202.
- the image prediction parameters are supplied to the prediction selector 207.
- the inverse quantizer 202 inversely quantizes the input quantized coefficient image based on the input quantization step size and outputs it as a coefficient image.
- the inverse frequency transformer 203 transforms the coefficient image supplied from the inverse quantizer 202 from the frequency domain to the spatial domain and outputs it as a prediction error image.
- the prediction error image is added to the prediction image supplied from the prediction selector 207 to become a decoded image.
- the decoded image is output from the video decoding apparatus as an output image, and is input to the frame memory 204 and the intra-frame predictor 205.
- the frame memory 204 stores image frames decoded in the past.
- An image frame stored in the frame memory 204 is referred to as a reference frame.
- the intra-frame predictor 205 refers to the reconstructed image of the image block decoded in the past in the image frame currently being decoded based on the image prediction parameter supplied from the variable-length decoder 201, and determines the predicted image. Generate.
- the inter-frame predictor 206 refers to the reference frame supplied from the frame memory 204 based on the image prediction parameter supplied from the variable length decoder 201, and generates a predicted image.
- the prediction selector 207 selects the predicted image supplied from the intra-frame predictor 205 and the inter-frame predictor 206 based on the image prediction parameter supplied from the variable length decoder 201.
- the quantization step size decoder that encodes the quantization step size includes an entropy decoder 20111 and a quantization step size buffer 20112, as shown in FIG.
- the entropy decoder 20111 entropy-decodes the input code and outputs a differential quantization step size dQ (i).
- the quantization step size buffer 20112 holds the previous quantization step size Q (i-1).
- Q (i ⁇ 1) supplied from the quantization step size buffer 20112 is added to the differential quantization step size dQ (i) generated by the entropy decoder 20111. .
- the added value is output as the quantization step size Q (i) and also input to the quantization step size buffer 20112.
- a general video decoding apparatus decodes an input bit stream by the above processing and generates a moving image.
- the quantization controller 104 in the general video encoding apparatus generally not only analyzes the output code amount but also predicts the input image and the prediction.
- One or both of the error images are analyzed to determine a quantization step size according to human visual sensitivity. That is, the quantization controller 104 performs visual sensitivity adaptive quantization. Specifically, if it is determined that the human visual sensitivity for the current encoding target image is high, the quantization step size is reduced, and conversely if the visual sensitivity is determined to be low, the quantization step size is increased. Set. By performing such control, it becomes possible to allocate a larger amount of code to a region with high visual sensitivity, and thus subjective image quality is improved.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an adaptive quantization method that uses an activity of a predicted image together with an activity of an input image. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes an adaptive quantization method based on an activity considering an edge portion.
- the quantization step size frequently changes in the image frame.
- a general video encoding device that generates a bitstream according to AVC
- a difference from the quantization step size for the image block encoded immediately before is entropy encoded. Therefore, when the variation in the quantization step size with respect to the encoding order direction increases, the amount of code required for encoding the quantization step size increases. As a result, the size of the bit stream increases and the memory size required for mounting the bit stream buffer increases.
- the visual sensitivity adaptive quantization technique inevitably increases the amount of code required for coding the quantization step size. Therefore, in a general video encoding device, when the subjective image quality is improved by the visual sensitivity adaptive quantization technology, the size of the bit stream inevitably increases and the required memory size increases. is there.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a range to be quantized to zero, that is, a dead zone, according to visual sensitivity in the spatial domain and frequency domain, instead of adaptively setting the quantization step size according to visual sensitivity.
- a technique for adaptively setting the above is disclosed. The method described in Patent Document 3 makes a dead zone for a conversion coefficient determined to have low visual sensitivity wider than a dead zone for a conversion coefficient determined to have high visual sensitivity. By performing such control, visual sensitivity adaptive quantization can be performed without changing the quantization step size.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems.
- the first object of the present invention is to make it possible to frequently change the quantization step size while suppressing an increase in the code amount, and to suppress an increase in required memory size.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a video encoding device that performs moving image encoding with high image quality.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a video decoding apparatus capable of reproducing high-quality moving images while suppressing an increase in required memory size.
- a video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus that divides input image data into blocks of a predetermined size, applies quantization to each of the divided image blocks, and performs compression encoding processing.
- Quantization step size encoding means for encoding quantization step size for controlling quantization granularity, and quantization step size by down-sampling one or more encoded quantization step sizes
- a quantization step size down-sampling unit for generating a representative value, wherein the quantization step size encoding unit predicts the quantization step size using the quantization step size representative value.
- a video decoding apparatus is a video decoding apparatus that decodes an image block using inverse quantization on input video compression data, and generates image data as a set of the image blocks.
- a quantization step size decoding means for decoding the quantization step size for controlling the granularity of the image, and a quantum for generating a representative value of the quantization step size by down-sampling one or more decoded quantization step sizes
- a quantization step size downsampling unit wherein the quantization step size decoding unit predicts the quantization step size using the representative value of the quantization step size.
- the quantization step size in the video encoding device, even if the quantization step size is frequently changed within an image frame, an increase in the amount of generated code associated therewith can be suppressed. In other words, the quantization step size can be encoded with a smaller code amount. Therefore, the problem that the required memory size increases for improving subjective image quality by visual sensitivity adaptive quantization is solved. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the quantization step size that frequently changes can be decoded by only receiving a small amount of code in the video decoding device, so that a high-quality moving image can be reproduced with a small required memory size. Can be done.
- 4 is a flowchart illustrating characteristic steps in a video encoding method according to the present invention.
- 5 is a flowchart showing characteristic steps in a video decoding method according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a block division. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of a video coding apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the quantization step size encoder in a common video coding apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of a video decoding apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the quantization step size encoder in a common video decoding apparatus.
- FIG. The video encoding apparatus has a frequency converter 101, a quantizer 102, and a variable length encoder 103 as in the general video encoding apparatus shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the quantization step size encoder included in the variable length encoder 103 is different from the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size encoder in the video encoding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the quantization step size encoder according to the present embodiment is different from the quantization step size encoder shown in FIG. 19 in that it includes a predicted quantization step size generator 10313. .
- the quantization step size buffer 10311 stores and holds the quantization step size assigned to the previously encoded image block.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 10313 extracts the quantization step size assigned to the previously encoded neighboring image block from the quantization step size buffer, and generates the predicted quantization step size.
- the input quantization step size is input to the entropy encoder 10312 as the difference quantization step size after the prediction quantization step size supplied from the prediction quantization step size generator 10313 is subtracted.
- the entropy encoder 10312 entropy-encodes the input differential quantization step size and outputs it as a code corresponding to the quantization step size.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 10313 generates the predicted quantization step size using the quantization step size of the neighboring image block that does not depend on the coding order, and is input to the entropy encoder 10312. This is because the absolute amount of the difference quantization step size can be reduced.
- the image block that is the encoding unit has a fixed size.
- neighboring image blocks used for prediction of the quantization step size three image blocks that are adjacent to each other on the left, upper, and right upper sides in the same image frame are used.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 10313 calculates the predicted quantization step size pQ (X). And obtained by the following equation (3).
- Median (x, y, z) is a function that calculates an intermediate value from the three values x, y, and z.
- the entropy encoder 10312 encodes the differential quantization step size dQ (X) obtained by the following equation (4) using a signed Exp-Golomb (Exponential-Golomb) code which is one of the entropy codes. And output as a code corresponding to the quantization step size for the image block.
- the neighborhood image block is not limited thereto, and for example, the predicted quantization step size may be obtained by the following equation (5) using image blocks adjacent to the left, the upper, and the upper left, respectively.
- the number of image blocks used for prediction may be an arbitrary number instead of three, and for example, an average value may be used instead of an intermediate value as a calculation used for prediction.
- the image block used for prediction does not necessarily have to be adjacent to the current encoding target image block, and may be separated from the current encoding target image block by a predetermined distance.
- the image block used for prediction is not limited to the image block in the vicinity of the space, that is, in the same image frame, and may be the image block in the vicinity of time, that is, another image frame that has already been encoded. Any neighboring image block may be used.
- the image block to be encoded and the image block used for prediction have the same fixed size.
- the present invention is not limited to the case where the image block that is the encoding unit is a fixed size, and the image block that is the encoding unit is a variable size, and the image block to be encoded and the image block used for prediction May be different sizes from each other.
- the example of encoding based on the Exp-Golomb code is shown. Is not limited to the use of Exp-Golomb codes, and may be encoded based on other entropy codes. For example, encoding based on a Huffman code, an arithmetic code, or the like may be performed.
- FIG. Similar to the general video decoding apparatus shown in FIG. 20, the video decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a variable length decoder 201, an inverse quantizer 202, an inverse frequency converter 203, A frame memory 204, an intra-frame predictor 205, an inter-frame predictor 206, a prediction selector 207, and a bit stream buffer 208.
- the configuration of the quantization step size decoder included in the variable length decoder 201 is different from the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size decoder in the video decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the quantization step size decoder in the present embodiment is different from the quantization step size decoder shown in FIG. 21 in that it includes a predicted quantization step size generator 20113.
- the entropy decoder 20111 entropy-decodes the input code and outputs a differential quantization step size.
- the quantization step size buffer 20112 stores and holds the quantization step size decoded in the past.
- the prediction quantization step size generator 20113 extracts the quantization step size corresponding to the neighboring pixel block of the current decoding target image block from the quantization step size buffer among the quantization step sizes decoded in the past, Generate a step size. Specifically, for example, the same operation as the predictive quantization step size generator 10313 in the specific example of the video encoding device of the first embodiment is performed.
- the differential quantization step size generated by the entropy decoder 20111 is added to the predicted quantization step size supplied from the predicted quantization step size generator 20113, and then output as a quantization step size. It is input to the step size buffer 20112.
- the video decoding apparatus can decode the quantization step size only by receiving a smaller code amount. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the required memory size due to the quantization step size variation.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 20113 generates the predicted quantization step size using the quantization step size of the neighboring image block that does not depend on the decoding order, so that the predicted quantization step size is actually assigned. This is because the entropy decoder 20111 only needs to decode a differential quantization step size close to zero.
- the reason why a predicted quantization step size close to the actually assigned quantization step size is obtained by generating the predicted quantization step size using the quantization step size of the neighboring image block is generally that between moving pixels This is because, when visual sensitivity adaptive quantization is used, the similarity of the quantization step size assigned to a highly correlated neighboring image block increases.
- FIG. 18 the video encoding apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention is similar to the video encoding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
- a variable length encoder 103, a quantization controller 104, an inverse quantizer 105, an inverse frequency converter 106, a frame memory 107, an intra-frame predictor 108, an inter-frame predictor 109, A prediction selector 110 and a bit stream buffer 111 are provided.
- the configuration of the quantization step size encoder in the variable length encoder 103 is different from the configurations shown in FIGS. 19 and 1.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size encoder in the video encoding apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the quantization step size encoder in the present embodiment is compared with the quantization step size encoder in the video encoding device of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The difference is that it includes a quantization step size downsampler 10314 and a quantization step size upsampler 10315.
- the operations of the prediction quantization step size generator 10313 and the entropy encoder 10312 are the same as the operations of the quantization step size encoder in the video encoding device of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here. .
- the quantization step size down-sampling unit 10314 down-samples the quantization step size assigned to the encoded image block based on a predetermined method and supplies it to the quantization step size buffer 10311.
- the quantization step size buffer 10311 accumulates and holds the quantization step size supplied from the quantization step size downsampling unit 10314 for the past downsampled encoded image block.
- the quantization step size up-sampling unit 10315 extracts the quantization step size for the past encoded image block that has been down-sampled from the quantization step size buffer 10311, up-samples it based on a predetermined method, and performs prediction quantization. To the step size generator 10313.
- the video encoding apparatus can reduce the required capacity of the quantization step size buffer as compared with the video encoding apparatus according to the first embodiment. As a result, in the video encoding device, an increase in the required memory size for changing the quantization step size can be further suppressed.
- an image block as a coding unit has a fixed size, and each image block is represented by two-dimensional block coordinates with the upper left block on the frame as the origin, as shown in FIG. To do.
- neighboring image blocks used for predicting the quantization step size three image blocks adjacent to the left, upper, and right diagonally upper sides in the same image frame are used.
- the current image block to be encoded is X
- the block coordinates of the block X are (x (X), y (X)), and the block coordinates (x (X) -1
- the block located at y (X)) is A
- the block adjacent to the upper block coordinates (x (X), y (X) -1) is B
- C be the block located at +1, y (X) -1).
- the predicted quantization step size generator 10313 has a predicted quantization step of the block X.
- the size pQ (X) is obtained by the following equation (6).
- Median (x, y, z) is a function for obtaining an intermediate value from three values of x, y, and z.
- Q ds (Z) represents the representative quantization step size in block Z.
- the block coordinate of Z is expressed as (x (Z), y (Z)) and the block located at the block coordinate (v, w) is expressed as Blk (v, w), Q ds (Z) is expressed as (7 ).
- the predictive quantization step size generator 10313 is supplied from the quantization step size buffer 10311 through the quantization step size upsampler 10315.
- the quantization step size downsampling unit 10314 operates so as not to supply other quantization step sizes to the quantization step size buffer 10311.
- the required memory capacity of the quantization step size buffer 10311 can be reduced to 1 / N 2 .
- the obtained predicted quantization step size is encoded by the entropy encoder 10312 and output.
- the operation of the entropy encoder 10312 is the same as a specific operation example in the video encoding device of the first embodiment.
- the neighboring image block is not limited to this, and for example, using the adjacent image blocks on the left, upper, and diagonally left upper, the predicted quantization step size is set by the following equation (8) instead of the equation (6). You may ask for it.
- D is a block that is adjacent to block X on the upper left and is located at block coordinates (x (X) -1, y (X) -1).
- the number of image blocks used for prediction may be an arbitrary number instead of three, and for example, an average value may be used instead of an intermediate value as a calculation used for prediction.
- the image block used for prediction does not necessarily have to be adjacent to the current encoding target image block, and may be separated from the current encoding target image block by a predetermined distance.
- the image block used for prediction is not limited to the image block in the vicinity of the space, that is, in the same image frame, and may be the image block in the vicinity of time, that is, another image frame that has already been encoded. Any neighboring image block may be used.
- the image block to be encoded and the image block used for prediction have the same fixed size.
- the present invention is not limited to the case where the image block that is the encoding unit is a fixed size, and the image block that is the encoding unit is a variable size, and the image block to be encoded and the image block used for prediction May be different sizes from each other.
- the quantization step size representative value may be obtained by the following equation (9), and any calculation other than the average value calculation such as an intermediate value calculation may be used. .
- the horizontal downsampling and the vertical downsampling are performed at the same magnification.
- different magnifications may be used in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- downsampling may be performed only in one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Further, downsampling may be performed by any other method.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- the video decoding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is similar to the video decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 20, with a variable length decoder 201 and an inverse quantizer 202.
- the configuration of the quantization step size decoder included in the variable length decoder 201 is different from the configurations shown in FIGS. 21 and 3.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size decoder in the video decoding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the quantization step size decoder for decoding the quantization step size in the variable length decoder 201 of the video encoding apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the difference is that it includes a quantization step size downsampler 20114 and a quantization step size upsampler 20115.
- the operations of the predictive quantization step size generator 20113 and the entropy decoder 20111 are the same as the operations of the quantization step size decoder in the video decoding apparatus of the second embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted here.
- the quantization step size down-sampling device 20114 down-samples the previously decoded quantization step size based on a predetermined method and supplies it to the quantization step size buffer 20112.
- the quantization step size buffer 20112 accumulates and holds the down-decoded past decoded quantization step size supplied from the quantization step size downsampler 20114.
- the quantization step size up-sampling device 20115 extracts the past decoded quantization step size down-sampled from the quantization step size buffer 20112, up-samples based on a predetermined method, and generates a predicted quantization step size. To the container 20113.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 20113 obtains the predicted quantization step size pQ (X) of the block X by the above equation (6) or (8).
- the video decoding apparatus can reduce the required capacity of the quantization step size buffer as compared with the video encoding apparatus according to the second embodiment. As a result, in the video encoding device, an increase in the required memory size for changing the quantization step size can be further suppressed.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video encoding apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size encoder in the video encoding apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the video encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is different from the video encoding apparatus according to the third embodiment (see FIG. 18) in terms of a quantization step size downsampling controller 112 and a multiplexer. 113 is different.
- the quantization step size encoder that performs the encoding of the quantization step size in the variable length encoder 103 of the video encoding device of the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
- the quantization step size downsampling unit 10314 and the quantization step size upsampling unit 10315 are compared with the quantization step size downsampling controller 112 shown in FIG.
- the difference from the third embodiment is that size downsampling parameters are supplied.
- the quantization step size down-sampling controller 112 receives control information that defines the down-sampling operation in the quantization step size down-sampling unit 10314 and the up-sampling operation in the quantization step size up-sampling unit 10315, and the variable-length encoder 103 and This is supplied to the multiplexer 113.
- the control information defining the quantization step size downsampling operation and the upsampling operation is referred to as a quantization step size downsampling parameter.
- the quantization step size downsampling parameter includes a number N representing the granularity of downsampling.
- the multiplexer 113 multiplexes the quantization step size down-sampling parameter on the video bit stream supplied from the variable length encoder 103 and outputs it as a bit stream.
- the quantization step size downsampler 10314 downsamples the quantization step size assigned to the encoded image block based on a method defined by the quantization step size downsampling parameter, This is supplied to the size buffer 10311.
- the quantization step size upsampling unit 10315 extracts the quantization step size for the past encoded image block that has been down-sampled from the quantization step size buffer 10311, and performs the method defined by the quantization step size down-sampling parameter. Upsampling is performed based on the result, and the result is supplied to the predicted quantization step size generator 10313.
- the video encoding apparatus can reduce the required capacity of the quantization step size buffer as compared with the video encoding apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the video encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment suppresses a decrease in the correlation between the encoding target quantization step size and the quantization step size used for prediction, as compared with the video encoding apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- the granularity of downsampling can be controlled. Therefore, the amount of code required for encoding the quantization step size can be reduced. That is, the video encoding device of the present embodiment, compared with the video encoding devices of the first and third embodiments, reduces the amount of required capacity of the quantization step size buffer and encodes the quantization step size. It is possible to optimize the balance between the required amount of code reduction. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the required memory size due to the quantization step size variation.
- the quantization step size encoder performs the same operation as the specific operation example of the video encoding device of the third embodiment.
- the number N representing the granularity of downsampling in the above-described equation (7) or (9) is supplied from the quantization step size downsampling controller 112.
- the multiplexer 113 conforms to the description of “Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors” in Non-Patent Document 1, and the list shown in FIG. As illustrated in (1), it is multiplexed into a bit stream as part of header information.
- the value of the number N representing the granularity of downsampling is used as the quantization step size downsampling parameter.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any other parameter can be used as the quantization step size downsampling. It may be used as a parameter.
- information indicating the type of calculation when generating a representative quantization step size using a plurality of quantization step sizes may be used as a quantization step size downsampling parameter.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the video decoding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a quantization step size decoder in the video decoding apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the video decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is demultiplexer 209 and quantization step size downsampling controller 210 as compared with the video decoding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment (see FIG. 20). Is different.
- the quantization step size decoder that performs decoding of the quantization step size in the variable length decoder 201 of the video decoding device of the present embodiment is the quantization step size shown in FIG. 6.
- the quantization step size down-sampling parameter from the quantization step size down-sampling controller 210 shown in FIG. The supplied point is different from the fourth embodiment.
- the demultiplexer 209 demultiplexes the video bitstream supplied from the bitstream buffer 208, and performs the downsampling operation and the quantization stepsize upsampling in the video bitstream and the quantization step size downsampler 20114.
- Control information defining the upsampling operation in the device 20115 is extracted.
- the control information defining the quantization step size downsampling operation and the upsampling operation is referred to as a quantization step size downsampling parameter.
- the quantization step size downsampling parameter includes a number N representing the downsampling granularity.
- the quantization step size downsampler 20114 downsamples the previously decoded quantization step size based on a method defined by the quantization step size downsampling parameter, and supplies the result to the quantization step size buffer 20112. .
- the quantization step size upsampler 20115 retrieves the quantization step size for the past decoded image block that has been downsampled from the quantization step size buffer 20112, and is based on a method defined by the quantization step size downsampling parameter. Up-sampled and supplied to the prediction quantization step size generator 20113.
- the predicted quantization step size generator 20113 obtains the predicted quantization step size pQ (X) of the block X by the above equation (6) or (8).
- the video decoding apparatus can reduce the required capacity of the quantization step size buffer as compared with the video decoding apparatus according to the second embodiment. Also, the video decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is controlled under a control that suppresses a decrease in the correlation between the quantization step size to be decoded and the quantization step size used for prediction, as compared with the video decoding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. Downsampling can be performed. Therefore, the quantization step size can be decoded only by receiving a smaller code amount.
- the video decoding apparatus compared with the video decoding apparatuses according to the second and fourth embodiments, reduces the amount of required capacity of the quantization step size buffer and the received code accompanying the decoding of the quantization step size.
- the balance between the amount of reductions can be optimized. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the required memory size due to the quantization step size variation.
- each of the above embodiments can be configured by hardware, it can also be realized by a computer program.
- the information processing system illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a processor 1001, a program memory 1002, a storage medium 1003 for storing video data, and a storage medium 1004 for storing a bitstream.
- the storage medium 1003 and the storage medium 1004 may be separate storage media, or may be storage areas composed of the same storage medium.
- a magnetic storage medium such as a hard disk can be used as the storage medium.
- the program memory 1002 stores each block shown in FIG. 18, FIG. 20, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, each block shown in Fig. 11 is included, and a program for realizing the function (excluding the buffer block) is stored. Then, the processor 1001 executes processing according to the program stored in the program memory 1002, whereby FIGS. 18, 20, 7, 10 and 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, The functions of the video encoding device or the video decoding device shown in FIG. 11 are realized.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing characteristic components in the video encoding apparatus according to the present invention.
- a video encoding apparatus includes a quantization step size encoding unit 11 that encodes a quantization step size that controls the granularity of quantization, and one or more encoded units.
- a quantization step size down-sampling unit 12 that performs down-sampling on the quantization step size to generate a quantization step size representative value, and the quantization step size encoding unit 11 stores the quantization step size representative value Used to predict the quantization step size.
- the video encoding apparatus further includes a quantization step size downsampling control unit 13 that controls the operation of the quantization step size downsampling unit 12 based on predetermined operation parameters, a compression encoded video bitstream, and quantization A multiplexing unit 14 that multiplexes at least some of the operation parameters of the step size downsampling unit 12 may be provided.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing characteristic components in the video decoding apparatus according to the present invention.
- a video decoding apparatus includes a quantization step size decoding unit 21 that decodes a quantization step size that controls the granularity of inverse quantization, and one or more decoded quantization steps.
- a quantization step size down-sampling unit 22 that performs down-sampling on the size to generate a representative quantization step size, and the quantization step size decoding unit 21 performs quantization using the representative quantization step size It is configured to predict the step size.
- the video decoding apparatus further includes a quantization step size down-sampling control unit 23 that controls the operation of the quantization step size down-sampling unit 22 based on predetermined operation parameters, and operation parameters of the quantization step size down-sampling unit 12.
- a demultiplexing unit 24 that demultiplexes the bitstream including at least a part may be provided.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing characteristic steps in the video encoding method according to the present invention.
- the video encoding method includes a step S11 of generating a quantization step size representative value by performing a downsampling process on one or more encoded quantization step sizes, And step S12 for predicting the quantization step size using the representative value of the quantization step size when encoding the quantization step size for controlling the granularity.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing characteristic steps in the video decoding method according to the present invention.
- the video decoding method includes a step S21 of generating a representative quantization step size by performing a downsampling process on one or more encoded quantization step sizes; Step S22 for predicting the quantization step size using the representative value of the quantization step size when decoding the quantization step size for controlling the granularity.
- a video encoding method in which input image data is divided into blocks of a predetermined size, quantization is applied to each of the divided image blocks, and compression encoding processing is performed.
- a quantization step size representative value is generated by performing a downsampling process on one or a plurality of quantization step sizes, and the quantization step size for controlling the quantization granularity is encoded.
- a video encoding method wherein the quantization step size is predicted using a step size representative value.
- (Supplementary note 4) The video encoding method according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 3, wherein the downsampling processing is controlled based on a predetermined operation parameter, and the compression-encoded video bitstream and the downsampling are performed.
- a video encoding program in a video encoding apparatus that divides input image data into blocks of a predetermined size, applies quantization to each of the divided image blocks, and performs compression encoding processing. , Processing to generate a representative quantization step size by performing downsampling on one or more encoded quantization step sizes on the computer, and a quantization step size for controlling the quantization granularity
- a video encoding program for executing a process of predicting the quantization step size using the representative value of the quantization step size when encoding.
- the video encoding program according to any one of supplementary note 11 to supplementary note 13, which causes a computer to perform the down-sampling process based on a predetermined operation parameter, and to perform compression-coded video bitstream and down-coding
- a video encoding program for executing a process of multiplexing at least a part of operation parameters of a sampling process.
- a video decoding program in a video decoding apparatus that decodes an image block using inverse quantization on input video compression data and generates image data as a set of the image blocks, A process of generating a representative quantization step size by performing a downsampling process on one or more encoded quantization step sizes, and decoding a quantization step size that controls the quantization granularity And a process of predicting the quantization step size using the quantization step size representative value.
- the video decoding program according to any one of supplementary note 16 to supplementary note 18, which causes a computer to execute a process of demultiplexing a bitstream including at least a part of an operation parameter, and based on the operation parameter A video decoding program for performing the downsampling process.
- Quantization step size encoding part 12 Quantization step size downsampling part 13 Quantization step size downsampling control part 14 Multiplexing part 21 Quantization step size decoding part 22 Quantization step size downsampling part 23 Quantization step size down Sampling control unit 24 Demultiplexing unit 101 Frequency converter 102 Quantizer 103 Variable length encoder 104 Quantization controller 105 Inverse quantizer 106 Inverse frequency converter 107 Frame memory 108 Intraframe predictor 109 Interframe predictor DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Prediction selector 111 Bit stream buffer 112 Quantization step size downsampling controller 113 Multiplexer 201 Variable length decoder 202 Inverse quantum 203 Inverse frequency converter 204 Frame memory 205 Intra-frame predictor 206 Inter-frame predictor 207 Prediction selector 208 Bit stream buffer 209 Demultiplexer 210 Quantization step size downsampling controller 1001 Processor 1002 Program memory 1003 Storage medium 1004 Storage medium 10311 Quantization step size
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の実施形態の映像符号化装置は、図18に示された一般的な映像符号化装置と同様に、周波数変換器101と、量子化器102と、可変長符号化器103と、量子化制御器104と、逆量子化器105と、逆周波数変換器106と、フレームメモリ107と、フレーム内予測器108と、フレーム間予測器109と、予測選択器110と、ビットストリームバッファ111とを備える。しかし、可変長符号化器103に含まれている量子化ステップサイズ符号化器の構成は、図19に示された構成とは異なる。
本発明の第2の実施形態の映像復号装置は、図20に示された一般的な映像復号装置と同様に、可変長復号器201と、逆量子化器202と、逆周波数変換器203と、フレームメモリ204と、フレーム内予測器205と、フレーム間予測器206と、予測選択器207と、ビットストリームバッファ208とを備える。しかし、可変長復号器201に含まれている量子化ステップサイズ復号器の構成は、図21に示された構成とは異なる。
本発明の第3の実施形態の映像符号化装置は、本発明の第1の実施形態の映像符号化装置と同様に、図18に示されるように、周波数変換器101と、量子化器102と、可変長符号化器103と、量子化制御器104と、逆量子化器105と、逆周波数変換器106と、フレームメモリ107と、フレーム内予測器108と、フレーム間予測器109と、予測選択器110と、ビットストリームバッファ111とを備える。しかし、可変長符号化器103における量子化ステップサイズ符号化器の構成は、図19及び図1に示された構成とは異なる。
本発明の第4の実施形態の映像復号装置は、本発明の第2の実施形態の映像復号装置と同様に、図20に示されるように、可変長復号器201と、逆量子化器202と、逆周波数変換器203と、フレームメモリ204と、フレーム内予測器205と、フレーム間予測器206と、予測選択器207と、ビットストリームバッファ208とを備える。しかし、可変長復号器201に含まれている量子化ステップサイズ復号器の構成は、図21及び図3に示された構成とは異なる。
図7は、本発明の第5の実施形態の映像符号化装置の構成を示すブロック図である。また、図8は、本実施形態の映像符号化装置における量子化ステップサイズ符号化器の構成を示すブロック図である。
図10は、本発明の第6の実施形態の映像復号装置の構成を示すブロック図である。また、図11は、本実施形態の映像復号装置における量子化ステップサイズ復号器の構成を示すブロック図である。図10に示されるように、本実施形態の映像復号装置は、第4の実施形態の映像復号装置(図20参照)と比較すると、多重化解除器209および量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御器210を含む点が異なる。さらに、図11に示されるように、本実施形態の映像復号装置の可変長復号器201において量子化ステップサイズの復号を行う量子化ステップサイズ復号器は、図6に示された量子化ステップサイズ復号器と比較すると、量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング器20114及び量子化ステップサイズアップサンプリング器20115に対して、図10に示される量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御器210から量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリングパラメータが供給される点が、第4の実施形態とは異なる。
12 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング部
13 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御部
14 多重化部
21 量子化ステップサイズ復号部
22 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング部
23 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御部
24 多重化解除部
101 周波数変換器
102 量子化器
103 可変長符号化器
104 量子化制御器
105 逆量子化器
106 逆周波数変換器
107 フレームメモリ
108 フレーム内予測器
109 フレーム間予測器
110 予測選択器
111 ビットストリームバッファ
112 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御器
113 多重化器
201 可変長復号器
202 逆量子化器
203 逆周波数変換器
204 フレームメモリ
205 フレーム内予測器
206 フレーム間予測器
207 予測選択器
208 ビットストリームバッファ
209 多重化解除器
210 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御器
1001 プロセッサ
1002 プログラムメモリ
1003 記憶媒体
1004 記憶媒体
10311 量子化ステップサイズバッファ
10312 エントロピー符号化器
10313 予測量子化ステップサイズ生成器
10314 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング器
10315 量子化ステップサイズアップサンプリング器
20111 エントロピー復号器
20112 量子化ステップサイズバッファ
20113 予測量子化ステップサイズ生成器
20114 量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング器
20115 量子化ステップサイズアップサンプリング器
Claims (10)
- 入力画像データを所定の大きさのブロックに分割し、分割された画像ブロックごとに量子化を適用して、圧縮符号化処理を行う映像符号化装置であって、
前記量子化の粒度を制御する量子化ステップサイズを符号化する量子化ステップサイズ符号化手段と、
符号化済みの一つまたは複数の量子化ステップサイズに対してダウンサンプリングを行って量子化ステップサイズ代表値を生成する量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段とを備え、
前記量子化ステップサイズ符号化手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いて該量子化ステップサイズを予測する
ことを特徴とする映像符号化装置。 - 前記量子化ステップサイズ符号化手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値として、少なくともフレーム内の符号化済み量子化ステップサイズより生成された量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いる
請求項1に記載の映像符号化装置。 - 前記量子化ステップサイズ符号化手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値として、少なくとも異なるフレームにおける符号化済み量子化ステップサイズより生成された量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いる
請求項1に記載の映像符号化装置。 - 所定の動作パラメータに基づいて前記量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段の動作を制御する量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御手段と、
圧縮符号化された映像ビットストリームと前記量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段の動作パラメータの少なくとも一部とを多重化する多重化手段とを有する
請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の映像符号化装置。 - 前記動作パラメータは、少なくともダウンサンプリングの倍率を含む
請求項4に記載の映像符号化装置。 - 入力された映像圧縮データに逆量子化を用いて画像ブロックを復号し、該画像ブロックの集合として画像データの生成処理を行う映像復号装置であって、
前記逆量子化の粒度を制御する量子化ステップサイズを復号する量子化ステップサイズ復号手段と、
復号済みの一つまたは複数の量子化ステップサイズに対してダウンサンプリングを行って量子化ステップサイズ代表値を生成する量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段とを備え、
前記量子化ステップサイズ復号手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いて該量子化ステップサイズを予測する
ことを特徴とする映像復号装置。 - 前記量子化ステップサイズ復号手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値として、少なくともフレーム内の符号化済み量子化ステップサイズより生成された量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いる
請求項6に記載の映像復号装置。 - 前記量子化ステップサイズ復号手段は、前記量子化ステップサイズ代表値として、少なくとも異なるフレームにおける符号化済み量子化ステップサイズより生成された量子化ステップサイズ代表値を用いる
請求項6に記載の映像復号装置。 - 所定の動作パラメータに基づいて前記量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段の動作を制御する量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング制御手段と、
前記量子化ステップサイズダウンサンプリング手段の動作パラメータの少なくとも一部を含むビットストリームの多重化を解除する多重化解除手段とを有する
請求項6から請求項8のいずれかに記載の映像復号装置。 - 前記動作パラメータは、少なくともダウンサンプリングの倍率を含む
請求項9に記載の映像復号装置。
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