WO2012171177A1 - 一种全电动车轮总成 - Google Patents

一种全电动车轮总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171177A1
WO2012171177A1 PCT/CN2011/075738 CN2011075738W WO2012171177A1 WO 2012171177 A1 WO2012171177 A1 WO 2012171177A1 CN 2011075738 W CN2011075738 W CN 2011075738W WO 2012171177 A1 WO2012171177 A1 WO 2012171177A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheel assembly
hub
electric wheel
permanent magnet
sun gear
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PCT/CN2011/075738
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜坤梅
楼建伟
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浙江达世元电动科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/075738 priority Critical patent/WO2012171177A1/zh
Publication of WO2012171177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171177A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/003—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel with two or more motors driving a single wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0061—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being parallel to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automobile wheel assembly, and more particularly to an all-electric wheel assembly driven by a plurality of three-phase permanent magnet motors arranged in a planetary arrangement.
  • hub motors have been widely used in electric bicycles and electric bicycles, but their use in electric vehicles is still rare.
  • the main reason is that each wheel of an electric vehicle usually requires a continuous torque of 20-200 Nm, a continuous power of 2-200 KW, and the rotational speed of the hub is not high, usually only 1000-1500 rpm. Therefore, if the diameter is directly driven by the motor, the diameter is inevitable. It will be very large and the materials and costs used in the motor will be very high.
  • the solution is to use a reduction gear. This method usually adds a 5:1 reducer, which can increase the speed of the motor to 5000-7500 rpm. The size of the motor can be reduced by a factor of two. This scheme is usually called For the wheel motor solution.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the conventional structure using a wheel motor and a direct drive motor hub is shown in FIG.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the axial size of the motor of the above-mentioned wheel motor for the prior art is large, which is not conducive to the overall layout of the wheel hub.
  • the hub using the plurality of motors is only suitable for the low-power electric bicycle and the control difficulty and cost. High defect, providing an all-electric wheel assembly.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is to construct an all-electric wheel assembly.
  • a sun gear passing through the axle is fixed in the accommodating space, and N planetary gears are evenly distributed along a circumferential direction of the sun gear, and each of the planetary wheels is fixed by a permanent magnet fixed on the frame
  • the motor drives the rotation to drive the sun gear to rotate, and the reduction ratio of the sun gear to the planetary gear is 4:1-6:1;
  • stator zero position and the rotor zero position of the permanent magnet motor are both aligned with the zero position of the planetary gear such that the zero position of the planetary gear meshes with the tooth groove of the sun gear; the number of teeth of the sun gear is Z, then Z satisfies the following formula:
  • N and K are both integers greater than two.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the accommodating space is surrounded by a substrate matching the shape of the hub and for fixing the permanent magnet motor and a side wall of the hub, On the substrate, a through hole equal in number to the number of planet wheels is evenly distributed in a circumferential direction of the hub, and an output shaft of the permanent magnet motor is fitted into the through hole through a bearing.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the substrate is further provided with a dynamic sealing structure at a periphery of the hub.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein one of the permanent magnet motors is further provided with a position sensor.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the position sensor comprises a Hall switch, a magnetic encoder, a resolver or a photoelectric encoder.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the windings of all of the permanent magnet motors and the lead wires of the position sensor form a wire harness sealed within the axle and threaded out of the axle.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the permanent magnet motors are all three-phase permanent magnet motors of a Y-type winding, and all of the permanent magnet motors are electrically connected in parallel or in series.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the all-electric wheel assembly further comprises a drive controller, the drive controller driving the permanent magnet motor with a three-phase square wave current or a three-phase sinusoidal current.
  • the sun gear comprises a metal gear
  • the planetary gear comprising a metal gear or a non-metallic gear.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein the sun gear comprises an internal gear or an external gear.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention wherein The all-electric wheel assembly also includes a brake mounted coaxially with the sun gear, the brake including a disc brake or a drum brake.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly embodying the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts multiple permanent magnet motors to transmit torque and rotational speed to the sun gear by driving the planetary gears on the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor and finally drives the hub to rotate by the sun gear.
  • a plurality of permanent magnet motors are arranged in a planetary shape to jointly drive the sun gear, and at the same time achieve the purpose of torque and power expansion, and the axial dimension of the motor does not have to be enlarged, and the space of the hub is fully utilized to maintain the basic shape characteristics of the hub.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a wheel hub motor and a direct drive motor hub;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of an all-electric wheel assembly according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view showing the meshing of the sun gear and the planetary wheel in a preferred embodiment of the all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a parallel connection of three three-phase windings of three permanent magnet motors in a preferred embodiment of an all-electric wheel assembly according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a series connection of three permanent magnet motor three-phase windings in a preferred embodiment of an all-electric wheel assembly according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of a preferred embodiment of an all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6 of a preferred embodiment of an all-electric wheel assembly of the present invention.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly includes a hub 1 and a tire 2, and a centrally disposed accommodating space is provided in the center of the hub 1 at the center of the side wall of the accommodating space.
  • a perforation is provided, in which a hollow axle 3 is fitted through a bearing.
  • a sun gear 4 passing through the axle 3 is fixed in the accommodating space, and in the above-mentioned accommodating space, N planet wheels 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the sun gear 4, and each of the planet wheels 5 Both are driven by the permanent magnet motor 6 fixed on the frame, which in turn drives the sun gear 4 to rotate, and in order to control the rotational speed of the wheel, the axial dimension of the motor is minimized, and the reduction ratio of the sun gear 4 to the planetary gear 5 is specified. It is 4:1-6:1.
  • the rotational speed of the hub 1 is about 1000 rpm, and the reduction ratio is set to be about 4:1 to 6:1, that is, the rotational speed of the motor is set to about 4,000 to 6,000 rpm.
  • the invention improves the rotational speed of the motor by the deceleration of the gear, and the power density of the electric wheel hub is improved. And the motor speed can not exceed 6000 ⁇ 10000 rpm, because the iron loss and noise of the motor will increase sharply, the life of the motor is also a problem. Therefore, the reduction ratio is specified to be reasonable from 4:1 to 6:1.
  • stator zero position 601 and the rotor zero position of the permanent magnet motor 6 should be aligned with the zero position 501 of the planetary gear 5, so that the zero position 501 of the planetary gear 5 is made.
  • the following formula should be satisfied between the number of teeth Z of the wheel and the number of planet wheels 5:
  • N and K are both integers greater than two.
  • the number of teeth Z of the corresponding sun gear 4 should be a multiple of 3, which is also very important, because if the number of teeth Z of the sun gear 4 is a multiple of 4
  • the three planetary gears 5 are engaged with the slots of the sun gear 4, which are asymmetrical anyway, so it is impossible to ensure that the phases of the three-phase windings of the three permanent magnet motors 6 are the same.
  • the above-mentioned accommodating space is surrounded by the substrate 12 for matching the shape of the hub 1 and for fixing the permanent magnet motor 6 and the side wall of the hub 1.
  • the substrate 12 On the substrate 12, there are uniformly distributed through holes in the circumferential direction of the hub 1 in the same number as the planetary gears 5, and the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 6 is fitted into the through holes through the bearings 7.
  • the sun gear 4 is rigidly connected to the hub 1, so that the hub 1 can be rotated relative to the substrate 12 of the fixed permanent magnet motor 6.
  • a dynamic sealing structure 11 is further provided at a periphery (i.e., the spoke 10) where the substrate 12 is in contact with the hub 1.
  • the dynamic sealing structure 11 may be a stator metal ring or a stator metal ring with a labyrinth, and one or several rubber rings on the rotor, or a sealing ring of a composite material to form a dynamic sealing structure 11; or a metal ring or a labyrinth on the rotor
  • the stator metal ring, one or several rubber rings on the stator, or a sealing ring of the composite material constitutes the dynamic sealing structure 11.
  • one of the permanent magnet motors 6 is further provided with a position sensor, and the set sensor may be a Hall switch, a magnetic encoder, a resolver or a photoelectric encoder.
  • the windings of all permanent magnet motors 6 and the leads of the position sensor are made into a wire harness sealed within the hollow axle 3 and threaded out of the axle 3.
  • the above permanent magnet motor 6 adopts a three-phase permanent magnet motor of a Y-type winding, and all of the permanent magnet motors 6 are electrically connected in parallel or in series.
  • a plurality of Y-type winding three-phase permanent magnet motors may be connected in parallel according to U phase, V phase, and W phase to form a set of UVW three-phase windings, or may be U as shown in FIG. Phase, V phase, and W phase are connected in series to form a set of UVW three-phase windings.
  • the sun gear 4 may be a metal gear
  • the planetary gear 5 may be any one of a metal gear or a non-metal gear.
  • the sun gear 4 may be any of an internal gear or an external gear. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sun gear 4 is an external gear.
  • the all-electric wheel assembly should also include a brake mounted coaxially with the sun gear 4, the brake typically comprising a brake member 9 and a brake disc 8, which are well known in the art and can be used with disc brakes or drums. Any of the brakes.
  • the invention adopts a plurality of permanent magnet motors to transmit torque and rotational speed to the sun gear by driving the planetary gears on the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor and finally drive the hub to rotate by the sun gear.
  • a plurality of permanent magnet motors are arranged in a planetary shape to jointly drive the sun gear, and at the same time achieve the purpose of torque and power expansion, and the axial dimension of the motor does not have to be enlarged, and the space of the hub is fully utilized to maintain the basic shape characteristics of the hub.
  • the multi-motor and multi-planetary gear drive method has the advantages that the output shaft is multi-pointed, symmetrically and uniformly driven and driven along the circumference, and the force and mass distribution are symmetric and uniform, and the influence of the motor gear gap is also driven by the multi-point drive.
  • the average effect is greatly suppressed, so the noise when the hub is rotated at a high speed is also greatly reduced.
  • the invention has a series of advantages such as high power density, large torque, small torque fluctuation, low noise, strong overload capability, uniform mass distribution, high material utilization rate, low cost and small axial dimension.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种全电动车轮总成，包括轮毂（1）和轮胎（2），轮毂（1）内设有一密闭的容置空间，该空间内设有太阳轮（4），沿太阳轮（4）的轴向方向设置有由永磁电机（6）驱动旋转的行星齿轮（5），且太阳轮（4）的齿数Z和行星齿轮（5）个数N之间满足公式，Z=KN，其中K和N均为大于2的整数。该全电动车轮总成采用多台永磁电机（6），通过驱动永磁电机（6）输出轴上的行星齿轮（5）向太阳轮（4）传递力矩和转速并最终由太阳轮（4）驱动轮毂（1）转动。多台永磁电机（6）呈行星状布置，共同驱动太阳轮（4），同时达到力矩和功率扩展的目的，且电机（6）的轴向尺寸不必扩大，充分利用轮毂（1）的空间，保持了轮毂（1）的基本外形特点。

Description

一种全电动车轮总成 技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车车轮总成，更具体地说，涉及一种采用行星状布置的多台三相永磁电机驱动的全电动车轮总成。
背景技术
目前轮毂电机在电动自行车和电动助力车中已经大量被采用，但在电动汽车中的使用仍不多见。主要原因是，电动汽车的每一个轮毂通常需要20-200Nm的连续力矩、2-200KW的连续功率，且轮毂转速又不高，通常只有1000-1500rpm，因此，做成直接由电机驱动的话直径必然会很大，且电机所用的材料和成本会非常高。解决的方法是采用减速齿轮，这种方法通常会增加一个5:1的减速器，可以将电机的转速提高到5000-7500rpm,电机的体积可以成倍地减小，这种方案通常被称之为轮边电机方案。但是这种传统的轮边电机方案也存在电机轴向尺寸太大的缺点，且破坏了轮毂电机扁平的基本外形特点，不利于轮毂在整车上的布局。传统采用轮边电机和直接驱动电机轮毂的结构示意图如图1所示。
申请号200410037252.8，名为'一种以复数电动机构成轮毂电机的结构'的中国发明专利，提出以复数电动机构成电动自行车轮毂电机的结构来分散功率，达到降低成本和通过改变电机数量来配置不同功率产品的目的。这种方案仅适用于小功率的电动自行车轮毂，且复数电动机的复数驱动会增加控制难度和控制成本。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述轮边电机的电机轴向尺寸大，不利于轮毂的整车布局，采用复数电动机的轮毂仅适用于小功率电动自行车且控制难度和成本高的缺陷，提供一种全电动车轮总成。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：构造一种全电动车轮总成， 包括轮毂和轮胎，其特征在于，所述轮毂的中央设有一密闭的容置空间，所述容置空间的侧壁中央设有穿孔，所述穿孔内通过轴承装配有中空的轮轴；
在所述容置空间内固设有穿过所述轮轴的太阳轮，沿所述太阳轮的圆周方向均布有N个行星轮，每一所述行星轮由固定于车架上的永磁电机驱动旋转进而带动所述太阳轮旋转，且所述太阳轮与所述行星轮的减速比为4:1-6:1；
所述永磁电机的定子零位和转子零位均与所述行星轮的零位对齐，从而使得所述行星轮的零位与所述太阳轮的齿槽咬合；所述太阳轮的齿数为Z，则Z满足以下公式：
Z=KN ，其中N和K均为大于2的整数。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述容置空间由与所述轮毂形状相匹配的、且用于固定所述永磁电机的基板与所述轮毂的侧壁围成，在所述基板上，沿所述轮毂的周向方向均布有与所述行星轮数量相等的通孔，所述永磁电机的输出轴通过轴承装配于所述通孔内。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述基板与所述轮毂相接的周缘处还设有动密封结构。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，其中一台所述永磁电机上还装有位置传感器。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述位置传感器包括霍尔开关、磁编码器、旋转变压器或光电编码器。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所有所述永磁电机的绕组和位置传感器的引线形成线束密封于所述轮轴内且从所述轮轴穿出。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述永磁电机均为Y型绕组的三相永磁电机，且所有所述永磁电机采用并联或串联的方式电性连接。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，该全电动车轮总成还包括驱动控制器，所述驱动控制器对所述永磁电机采用三相方波电流或三相正弦波电流驱动。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述太阳轮包括金属齿轮，所述行星齿轮包括金属齿轮或非金属齿轮。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中，所述太阳轮包括内齿轮或外齿轮。
本发明所述的全电动车轮总成，其中， 该全电动车轮总成还包括与所述太阳轮同轴安装的制动器，所述制动器包括盘式制动器或鼓式制动器。
实施本发明的全电动车轮总成，具有以下有益效果：本发明采用多台永磁电机，通过驱动永磁电机输出轴上的行星齿轮向太阳轮传递力矩和转速并最终由太阳轮驱动轮毂转动。多台永磁电机呈行星状布置，共同驱动太阳轮，同时达到力矩和功率扩展的目的，且电机的轴向尺寸不必扩大，充分利用轮毂的空间，保持了轮毂的基本外形特点。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1是现有技术 采用轮边电机和直接驱动电机轮毂 的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例的结构示意图；
图3是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例中太阳轮与行星轮啮合图；
图4是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例中三台永磁电机三相绕组并联的电路图；
图5 是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例中三台永磁电机三相绕组串联的电路图 ；
图6是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例的主视图；
图7是本发明一种全电动车轮总成优选实施例图6中A-A剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。
如图2所示，在本发明的优选实施例中，该全电动车轮总成包括轮毂1和轮胎2，轮毂1的中央设有一个密闭的容置空间，在该容置空间的侧壁中央设有穿孔，穿孔内通过轴承装配有中空的轮轴3。其次，在容置空间内还固设有穿过轮轴3的太阳轮4，也是在上述的容置空间内，沿太阳轮4的圆周方向均布有N个行星轮5，每一个行星轮5均由固定在车架上的永磁电机6驱动旋转的，进而带动太阳轮4旋转，且为了控制车轮的转速，尽量减小电机的轴向尺寸，规定太阳轮4与行星轮5的减速比为4:1-6:1。
因为在本发明的优选实施例中，轮毂1的转速约为1000rpm，减速比被规定在4:1～6:1左右，就是把电动机的转速规定在4000～6000rpm左右。一般可以认为：电机转速提高4～6倍，电机功率可以提高4～6倍，因为：电机功率P=Tω，T是力矩，ω=2 л n/60 是角速度，T力矩不变，电机尺寸不变，ω提高，电机输出功率P也就提高了。本发明通过齿轮的减速，提高电机的转速，使电动车轮毂的功率密度提高了。且电机转速也不能超过6000～10000rpm，因为此时电机的铁损和噪声会猛增，电机的寿命也成问题。所以，减速比被规定在4:1～6:1左右比较合理。
值得注意的是，如图3所示，在装配时，应当使永磁电机6的定子零位601和转子零位均与行星轮5的零位501对齐，从而使得行星轮5的零位501与太阳轮4的齿槽咬合，这样就保证了太阳轮4在旋转时，多台永磁电机6的三相绕组的反电动势的相位均相同，且假如太阳轮4的齿数为Z，则太阳轮的齿数Z与行星轮5的个数之间应当满足以下公式：
Z=KN ，其中N和K均为大于2的整数。
这是因为，假如N=3，则三台永磁电机的反电动势分别为Ea1，Ea2，Ea3，相位相同，串联后：
总的电动势Ea=Ea1+Ea2+Ea3=3E a1，如果相位不相同，串联后Ea合成的反电动势的幅值会减小，相位也会变化，合成的电机效率必然下降。所以，保证零位对齐很重要，同时，用三台永磁电动机6，相应太阳轮4的齿数Z应当是3的倍数，这一点同样非常重要，因为如果太阳轮4的齿数Z是4的倍数，三个行星轮5与太阳轮4的齿槽咬合，无论如何都是不对称的，因此也不可能保证三台永磁电动机6三相绕组的反电动势相位均相同。
进一步地，上述容置空间由与轮毂1形状相匹配的、且用于固定永磁电机6的基板12与轮毂1的侧壁围成。在基板12上，沿轮毂1的周向方向均布有与行星轮5数量相等的通孔，永磁电机6的输出轴通过轴承7装配于该通孔内。太阳轮4与轮毂1是刚性连接的，于是轮毂1相对于固定永磁电机6的基板12可以转动。
优选地，在上述基板12与轮毂1相接的周缘（即轮辐10）处还设有动密封结构11。动密封结构11可以是定子金属圈或带迷宫的定子金属圈，与转子上一个或几个橡胶圈，或复合材料的密封圈构成动密封结构11；也可以是转子上金属圈或带迷宫的定子金属圈，定子上一个或几个橡胶圈，或复合材料的密封圈构成动密封结构11。由于轮毂1旋转时，太阳轮4旋转并在密闭的容置空间内产生正压力，从而保证了密闭容置空间内的正压运动密封。
优选地，其中一台永磁电机6上还装有位置传感器，且所置传感器可以是霍尔开关、磁编码器、旋转变压器或光电编码器。
在本发明的优选实施例中，所有永磁电机6的绕组以及位置传感器的引线被制成线束密封于上述中空的轮轴3内且从轮轴3穿出。
进一步地，上述永磁电机6均采用Y型绕组的三相永磁电机，且所有永磁电机6采用并联或串联的方式电性连接。如图4所示，多台Y型绕组的三相永磁电机可以按照U相、V相、W相并联，形成一组UVW三相绕组，或者也可以按照如图5所示的方式将U相、V相、W相串联，形成一组UVW三相绕组。
由于多台三相永磁电机6通过各自的行星轮5与太阳轮4咬合，相当于各自的输出轴被串联的、机械上同轴的一台等效的三相永磁电机。当太阳轮4旋转时，多台三相永磁电机6的反电动势相位均相同；反之，多台三相永磁电机6被驱动时，由于各自的行星轮5均与一个太阳轮4咬合，所以多台三相永磁电机6的转速与转向必然一致，于是多台三相永磁电机6相当于输出轴被串联的、机械上同轴的一台等效的三相永磁电机。
因此可以使用一台驱动控制器对一台等效的三相永磁电机，即多台永磁电机6采用三相方波电流或三相正弦波电流驱动。
进一步地，太阳轮4可以采用金属齿轮，行星齿轮5则可以采用金属齿轮或非金属齿轮中的任一种。且太阳轮4可以采用内齿轮或外齿轮中的任一种，在本发明的优选实施例中，太阳轮4采用的是外齿轮。
可以理解的，该全电动车轮总成还应当包括与太阳轮4同轴安装的制动器，制动器通常包括制动件9和刹车盘8，制动器属于现有公知技术，可以采用盘式制动器或鼓式制动器的任意一种。
本发明采用多台永磁电机，通过驱动永磁电机输出轴上的行星齿轮向太阳轮传递力矩和转速并最终由太阳轮驱动轮毂转动。多台永磁电机呈行星状布置，共同驱动太阳轮，同时达到力矩和功率扩展的目的，且电机的轴向尺寸不必扩大，充分利用轮毂的空间，保持了轮毂的基本外形特点。此外，多电机、多行星齿轮驱动方式的优点还在于，输出轴沿圆周多点、对称、均匀受力和驱动，具有受力和质量分布对称、均匀，电机齿轮间隙的影响也因为多点驱动的平均效应被大大抑制，于是轮毂高速旋转时的噪声也大大降低。
因此本发明具有功率密度高、力矩大、力矩波动小、噪声低、过载能力强、质量分布均匀、材料利用率高、成本低和轴向尺寸小等一系列优点。
以上实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据此实施，并不能限制本发明的保护范围。凡跟本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰，均应属于本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。

Claims (10)

1、一种全电动车轮总成，包括轮毂（1）和轮胎（2），其特征在于，所述轮毂（1）的中央设有一密闭的容置空间，所述容置空间的侧壁中央设有穿孔，所述穿孔内通过轴承装配有中空的轮轴（3）；
在所述容置空间内固设有穿过所述轮轴（3）的太阳轮（4），沿所述太阳轮（4）的圆周方向均布有N个行星轮（5），每一所述行星轮（5）由固定于车架上的永磁电机（6）驱动旋转进而带动所述太阳轮（4）旋转，且所述太阳轮（4）与所述行星轮（5）的减速比为4:1-6:1；
所述永磁电机（6）的定子零位(601)和转子零位均与所述行星轮（5）的零位(501)对齐，从而使得所述行星轮（5）的零位(501)与所述太阳轮的齿槽咬合；所述太阳轮（4）的齿数为Z，则Z满足以下公式：
Z=KN，其中N和K均为大于2的整数。
2、根据权利要求1所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所述容置空间由与所述轮毂（1）形状相匹配的、且用于固定所述永磁电机（6）的基板（12）与所述轮毂（1）的侧壁围成，在所述基板（12）上，沿所述轮毂（1）的周向方向均布有与所述行星轮（5）数量相等的通孔，所述永磁电机（6）的输出轴通过轴承（7）装配于所述通孔内。
3、根据权利要求2所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所述基板（12）与所述轮毂（1）相接的周缘处还设有动密封结构（11）。
4、根据权利要求1所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，其中一台所述永磁电机（6）上还装有位置传感器。
5、根据权利要求4所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所述位置传感器包括霍尔开关、磁编码器、旋转变压器或光电编码器。
6、根据权利要求5所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所有所述永磁电机（6）的绕组和位置传感器的引线形成线束密封于所述轮轴（3）内且从所述轮轴（3）穿出。
7、根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所述永磁电机（6）均为Y型绕组的三相永磁电机，且所有所述永磁电机（6）采用并联或串联的方式电性连接。
8、根据权利要求7所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，该全电动车轮总成还包括驱动控制器，所述驱动控制器对所述永磁电机（6）采用三相方波电流或三相正弦波电流驱动。
9、根据权利要求1所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，所述太阳轮（4）包括内齿轮或外齿轮。
10、根据权利要求1所述的全电动车轮总成，其特征在于，该全电动车轮总成还包括与所述太阳轮（4）同轴安装的制动器，所述制动器包括盘式制动器或鼓式制动器。
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