WO2012168573A2 - Method for recharging an accumulator of electrical energy for a hybrid vehicle, notably electric batteries - Google Patents

Method for recharging an accumulator of electrical energy for a hybrid vehicle, notably electric batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012168573A2
WO2012168573A2 PCT/FR2012/000225 FR2012000225W WO2012168573A2 WO 2012168573 A2 WO2012168573 A2 WO 2012168573A2 FR 2012000225 W FR2012000225 W FR 2012000225W WO 2012168573 A2 WO2012168573 A2 WO 2012168573A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
vehicle
energy
recharging
electric
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PCT/FR2012/000225
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French (fr)
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WO2012168573A3 (en
Inventor
Anthony DA COSTA
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles
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Publication of WO2012168573A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012168573A2/en
Publication of WO2012168573A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012168573A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2710/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2710/244—Charge state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for recharging an electric energy accumulator for hybrid vehicles, in particular electric batteries. It relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to plug-in hybrid vehicles of the rechargeable type (or hybrid plug-in vehicle) whose energy accumulator, generally one or more electric batteries, can be recharged by connection to a power source, as on the conventional electricity grid.
  • a hybrid-propulsion vehicle comprises a powertrain which uses, as traction / propulsion drive mode, a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine with a speed variation device, and a rotary electric machine. powered by an electrical source, such as one or more batteries.
  • the heat engine is used, alone or in association with the electric machine, to move this vehicle during a use requiring a high power and / or a great autonomy of operation.
  • This has the advantage of optimizing the performance of this vehicle, including reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and reducing fuel consumption.
  • the power of the electric machine which will be used in combination with the heat engine, depends on the level of energy contained in the batteries.
  • the power generated by the electric machine makes it possible to provide assistance to the power of the heat engine for thus driving the vehicle with high power.
  • This electric assistance is more particularly used during a request for strong acceleration of the vehicle, especially when a strong pressure on the accelerator pedal up to the position of the pedal said foot to the floor.
  • One of these solutions may be to allocate to the hybrid vehicle maximum performance corresponding to those developed solely by the engine and that regardless of the state of the charge of the electric batteries.
  • the total power developed at the wheel by the heat engine associated with the electric machine does not exceed that provided by the heat engine alone and this even when the batteries are capable of providing power for driving the vehicle .
  • This solution has the disadvantage of not being able to act on the reduction of the power of the engine. This decrease can in particular resulting from the reduction of the cubic capacity, which is a vector of gain in consumption.
  • Another of these solutions may be to degrade the dynamic performance of the hybrid vehicle when the energy level stored in the batteries is too low to achieve the power assistance.
  • This solution has the disadvantage of causing inconvenience in terms of driving comfort because the performance decreases even when the vehicle is asked to reach its maximum performance.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome the above disadvantages with a method that ensures a minimum level of battery charge, even in case of severe and prolonged driving of the hybrid vehicle, and while having the possibility of use a less powerful heat engine so less fuel.
  • the invention relates to a method for recharging an electric energy accumulator, in particular an electric battery, for a hybrid motor vehicle comprising a heat engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, and an electric machine connected to said accumulator. of energy and capable of providing assistance to the heat engine for the acceleration of said vehicle, characterized in that it consists of:
  • the method may include recharging the accumulator with an amount of energy at least equal to the amount of energy expended during the preceding acceleration.
  • the method may include recharging said accumulator using the regenerative braking of the vehicle.
  • the method may include recharging said accumulator using the energy of the engine.
  • FIG. 1 which is a diagram showing an exemplary configuration of the powertrain of a hybrid vehicle
  • FIG. 2 which illustrates a graph showing a curve representing the state of charge of the batteries (SOC in%) as a function of the speed (V in km / h) of the hybrid vehicle.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of a configuration of a powertrain for a hybrid vehicle.
  • This powertrain comprises an internal combustion engine 10 whose crankshaft 12 is connected to a speed variation device 14, such as a robotized gearbox.
  • This box comprises an input shaft 16 which is connected to the crankshaft 12 through a controlled-control coupling 18, such as a clutch.
  • This box also includes an output shaft 20 whose role will be explained later in the description.
  • This group also includes an electric machine 22 with a rotor
  • This electric machine which is connected to accumulators of electrical energy 26, such as batteries, through electrical conductors 28.
  • This electric machine can function as an electric drive motor for the vehicle or as an electric power generator to recharge the batteries.
  • the output shaft 20 of the gearbox 14 and the rotor 24 of the electric machine 24 result in a motion transmission device 30 to a driving axle 32 carrying the wheels 34 of the vehicle, directly or via a differential bridge 36.
  • This device 30 makes it possible to transmit to the axle 32 the rotational movement originating from the output shaft 20 and / or the rotor 24. Likewise, this device makes it possible to transmit the rotational movement of the wheels by the axle or towards the rotor (battery charging), either to the engine (engine brake).
  • the powertrain also comprises a computing and processing unit 38 which receives, via communication lines 40, information from the various sensors and / or probes (not shown). This information then makes it possible to evaluate the various operating parameters of the vehicle, such as its speed or the electrical state of charge of the batteries.
  • this unit can also control by bidirectional control lines (not shown) all the vehicle components necessary for its operation. These organs are in particular the power and control circuit of the electric machine 22.
  • This curve is thus integrated into tables of the computing and processing unit 38 so as to be associated with the operation of the vehicle.
  • any request for acceleration to go from a speed Vi to a speed V 2 of the vehicle can be carried out by the engine 10 associated with the assistance electric generated by the electric motor 22.
  • the state of charge of the batteries goes from a value Xi to a terminal value X 2 with X 2 which is less than Xi.
  • This acceleration can be reproduced with the same level of electrical assistance as long as the value of the state of charge of the batteries is included in zone A, that is to say is greater than or equal to curve C.
  • the calculation method used to determine curve C is such that, by the power distribution between the heat engine and the electric machine (provided that the state of charge of the batteries is in zone A before acceleration ), the state of charge of these batteries is advantageously in this zone A at the end of this acceleration.
  • Two cases can then occur after obtaining this acceleration.
  • the driver then requests a constant speed to the vehicle, which can be achieved by the engine alone.
  • you can recharge the batteries if necessary while keeping the vehicle speed constant.
  • the vehicle goes into the deceleration phase after the acceleration phase.
  • the unit 38 will control the electric motor 22 to recharge the batteries with an energy at least equal to the energy expended during the preceding acceleration, in order to maintain a state of charge located in the area AT.
  • this additional energy supplied to the device 30 will be absorbed by the electric machine 26, through the rotor 24, so that the power absorbed to the driving axle 32 respects the driver's request.
  • the power absorbed by the electric motor, then operating as a generator, is increased.
  • the vehicle is subjected in normal use to lower bound accelerations, it is possible to calculate the recharging power required, during any deceleration of the speed V 2 to the speed Vi, so that the energy stored in the batteries during this deceleration is greater than or equal to the energy expended during the opposite acceleration.
  • the setpoint of this recharging power will consist of a table dependent on the vehicle speed, and stored in the calculation unit 38.
  • the state of charge of the batteries is always located in the zone A described in FIG. 2 and the batteries therefore always contain sufficient energy to accelerate up to a determined speed of the vehicle without degrading. the performance of this vehicle. Depending on the performance of the electric motor and the batteries, and in particular the maximum permissible power for charging these batteries, the energy recharged during the deceleration will be limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recharging an accumulator of electrical energy, notably electric batteries (26), for a hybrid motor vehicle comprising a combustion engine (10), notably an internal combustion engine, and an electric machine (22) connected to said accumulator of energy and capable of providing the combustion engine with assistance for accelerating said vehicle. According to the invention, the method consists: - in establishing a graph with a curve (C) of the electric state of charge (SOC) of said accumulator as a function of the speed (V) of the vehicle, delimiting a region (A) in which the electrical energy of the accumulator is sufficient to provide said assistance and a region (B) in which this energy is insufficient, - when the discharging of the accumulator is such that the value of the state of charge reaches the curve (C), in recharging said accumulator using the electric machine during vehicle deceleration phases.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique pour véhicules hybrides, notamment de batteries électriques. Elle concerne plus particulièrement mais non exclusivement les véhicules hybrides de types rechargeable (ou véhicule hybride plug-in) dont l'accumulateur d'énergie, généralement une ou plusieurs batteries électriques, peut être rechargé par branchement à une source d'énergie, comme sur le réseau électrique conventionnel.  The present invention relates to a method for recharging an electric energy accumulator for hybrid vehicles, in particular electric batteries. It relates more particularly, but not exclusively, to plug-in hybrid vehicles of the rechargeable type (or hybrid plug-in vehicle) whose energy accumulator, generally one or more electric batteries, can be recharged by connection to a power source, as on the conventional electricity grid.
Comme cela est déjà connu, un véhicule à propulsion hybride comporte un groupe motopropulseur qui utilise, comme mode d'entraînement en traction/propulsion, un moteur thermique en particulier à combustion interne avec un dispositif de variation de vitesse ainsi qu'une machine électrique rotative alimentée par une source électrique, telle qu'une ou plusieurs batteries. As already known, a hybrid-propulsion vehicle comprises a powertrain which uses, as traction / propulsion drive mode, a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine with a speed variation device, and a rotary electric machine. powered by an electrical source, such as one or more batteries.
Ainsi, lorsque l'on souhaite déplacer le véhicule avec un couple important sur une grande plage de vitesses tout en limitant la génération de gaz d'échappement et de bruit, comme dans un site urbain, l'utilisation de la machine électrique est privilégiée pour entraîner en déplacement ce véhicule.  Thus, when it is desired to move the vehicle with a large torque over a wide range of speeds while limiting the generation of exhaust gas and noise, as in an urban site, the use of the electric machine is preferred for drive this vehicle on the move.
Par contre, le moteur thermique est utilisé, seul ou en association avec la machine électrique, pour déplacer ce véhicule lors d'une utilisation demandant une puissance élevée et/ou une grande autonomie de fonctionnement. Ceci a pour avantage d'optimiser les performances de ce véhicule, notamment en réduisant les émissions de polluants dans l'atmosphère et en diminuant la consommation en carburant. On the other hand, the heat engine is used, alone or in association with the electric machine, to move this vehicle during a use requiring a high power and / or a great autonomy of operation. This has the advantage of optimizing the performance of this vehicle, including reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and reducing fuel consumption.
Dans le cas de l'utilisation du moteur thermique seul, la puissance qu'il génère est quasiment toujours disponible. Par contre, la puissance de la machine électrique, qui sera utilisée en combinaison avec le moteur thermique, dépend du niveau d'énergie contenue dans les batteries. Dans l'une des configurations de fonctionnement du groupe motopropulseur, qui est plus connu sous la dénomination de "boost électrique" (ou assistance électrique), la puissance générée par la machine électrique permet d'apporter une assistance à la puissance du moteur thermique pour entraîner ainsi le véhicule avec une puissance élevée. Cette assistance électrique est plus particulièrement utilisée lors d'une demande de forte accélération du véhicule, notamment lors d'un fort appui sur la pédale d'accélérateur pouvant aller jusqu'à la position de cette pédale dite pied au plancher. In the case of using the heat engine alone, the power it generates is almost always available. On the other hand, the power of the electric machine, which will be used in combination with the heat engine, depends on the level of energy contained in the batteries. In one of the operating configurations of the powertrain, which is better known as "electric boost" (or electrical assistance), the power generated by the electric machine makes it possible to provide assistance to the power of the heat engine for thus driving the vehicle with high power. This electric assistance is more particularly used during a request for strong acceleration of the vehicle, especially when a strong pressure on the accelerator pedal up to the position of the pedal said foot to the floor.
Cependant, lors d'une utilisation sévère et prolongée de cette assistance électrique, les batteries qui alimentent la machine électrique se déchargent très rapidement. Ces batteries ne sont donc plus en mesure de fournir la puissance nécessaire à l'accélération du véhicule lorsque leur état de charge est en dessous d'un certain seuil.  However, during severe and prolonged use of this electrical assistance, the batteries that power the electric machine are discharged very quickly. These batteries are no longer able to provide the power necessary for the acceleration of the vehicle when their state of charge is below a certain threshold.
De ce fait, les performances dynamiques du véhicule sont alors diminuées.  As a result, the dynamic performance of the vehicle is then reduced.
Plusieurs solutions peuvent être alors envisagées pour tenter de remédier à cet inconvénient. Several solutions can then be considered to try to remedy this drawback.
Une de ces solutions peut consister à attribuer au véhicule hybride des performances maximales correspondant à celles développées uniquement par le moteur thermique et cela quel que soit l'état de la charge des batteries électriques. Dans cette configuration, la puissance totale développée à la roue par le moteur thermique associé à la machine électrique n'excède pas celle que fournirait le moteur thermique seul et cela même lorsque les batteries sont capables de fournir de la puissance pour l'entraînement du véhicule.  One of these solutions may be to allocate to the hybrid vehicle maximum performance corresponding to those developed solely by the engine and that regardless of the state of the charge of the electric batteries. In this configuration, the total power developed at the wheel by the heat engine associated with the electric machine does not exceed that provided by the heat engine alone and this even when the batteries are capable of providing power for driving the vehicle .
Cette solution présente l'inconvénient de ne pas pouvoir agir sur la diminution de la puissance du moteur thermique. Cette diminution peut notamment résulter de la réduction de la cylindrée, ce qui est un vecteur de gain en consommation. This solution has the disadvantage of not being able to act on the reduction of the power of the engine. This decrease can in particular resulting from the reduction of the cubic capacity, which is a vector of gain in consumption.
Une autre de ces solutions peut consister à dégrader les performances dynamiques du véhicule hybride lorsque le niveau d'énergie emmagasinée dans les batteries est trop faible pour réaliser l'assistance électrique. Another of these solutions may be to degrade the dynamic performance of the hybrid vehicle when the energy level stored in the batteries is too low to achieve the power assistance.
Cette solution a pour inconvénient d'entraîner un désagrément au niveau du confort de conduite car les performances décroissent alors même qu'on demande au véhicule d'arriver à ses performances maximales.  This solution has the disadvantage of causing inconvenience in terms of driving comfort because the performance decreases even when the vehicle is asked to reach its maximum performance.
La présente invention se propose de remédier au inconvénients ci-dessus avec un procédé qui permet d'assurer un niveau minimum de la charge des batteries, cela même en cas de conduite sévère et prolongée du véhicule hybride, et tout en ayant la possibilité d'utiliser un moteur thermique moins puissant donc moins consommateur de carburant. The present invention proposes to overcome the above disadvantages with a method that ensures a minimum level of battery charge, even in case of severe and prolonged driving of the hybrid vehicle, and while having the possibility of use a less powerful heat engine so less fuel.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique, notamment de batteries électriques, pour un véhicule automobile hybride comprenant un moteur thermique, notamment à combustion interne, et une machine électrique raccordée audit accumulateur d'énergie et capable d'apporter une assistance au moteur thermique pour l'accélération dudit véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for recharging an electric energy accumulator, in particular an electric battery, for a hybrid motor vehicle comprising a heat engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, and an electric machine connected to said accumulator. of energy and capable of providing assistance to the heat engine for the acceleration of said vehicle, characterized in that it consists of:
- à établir un graphique avec une courbe de l'état de charge électrique dudit accumulateur en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule en délimitant une zone où l'énergie électrique de l'accumulateur est suffisante pour assurer ladite assistance et une zone où cette énergie est insuffisante,  - to establish a graph with a curve of the state of electric charge of said accumulator as a function of the speed of the vehicle by delimiting an area where the electric energy of the accumulator is sufficient to provide said assistance and an area where this energy is insufficient,
- lorsque la décharge de l'accumulateur est telle que la valeur de l'état de charge atteigne la courbe, à recharger ledit accumulateur par la machine électrique lors de phase de décélération du véhicule. Le procédé peut consister à recharger l'accumulateur avec une quantité d'énergie au moins égale à la quantité d'énergie dépensée lors de l'accélération précédente. Le procédé peut consister à recharger ledit accumulateur en utilisant le freinage régénératif du véhicule. when the discharge of the accumulator is such that the value of the state of charge reaches the curve, recharging said accumulator by the electric machine during deceleration phase of the vehicle. The method may include recharging the accumulator with an amount of energy at least equal to the amount of energy expended during the preceding acceleration. The method may include recharging said accumulator using the regenerative braking of the vehicle.
Le procédé peut consister à recharger ledit accumulateur en utilisant l'énergie du moteur thermique. The method may include recharging said accumulator using the energy of the engine.
Les autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention vont apparaître maintenant à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre uniquement illustratif et non limitatif, et à laquelle sont annexées : The other features and advantages of the invention will now appear on reading the following description, given solely by way of illustration and not limitation, and to which are appended:
- la figure 1 qui est un schéma montrant un exemple de configuration du groupe motopropulseur d'un véhicule hybride et  FIG. 1 which is a diagram showing an exemplary configuration of the powertrain of a hybrid vehicle and
- la figure 2 qui illustre un graphe montrant une courbe représentative de l'état de la charge des batteries (SOC en %) en fonction de la vitesse (V en km/h) du véhicule hybride. La figure 1 illustre un exemple non limitatif d'une configuration d'un groupe motopropulseur pour véhicule hybride.  FIG. 2 which illustrates a graph showing a curve representing the state of charge of the batteries (SOC in%) as a function of the speed (V in km / h) of the hybrid vehicle. Figure 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of a configuration of a powertrain for a hybrid vehicle.
Ce groupe motopropulseur comprend un moteur thermique à combustion interne 10 dont le vilebrequin 12 est relié à un dispositif de variation de vitesse 14, comme une boîte de vitesse robotisée. Cette boîte comprend un arbre d'entrée 16 qui est connecté au vilebrequin 12 au travers d'un accouplement à commande contrôlée 18, tel qu'un embrayage. Cette boîte comprend également un arbre de sortie 20 dont le rôle sera explicité plus loin dans la description. This powertrain comprises an internal combustion engine 10 whose crankshaft 12 is connected to a speed variation device 14, such as a robotized gearbox. This box comprises an input shaft 16 which is connected to the crankshaft 12 through a controlled-control coupling 18, such as a clutch. This box also includes an output shaft 20 whose role will be explained later in the description.
Ce groupe comprend également une machine électrique 22 avec un rotor This group also includes an electric machine 22 with a rotor
24 qui est reliée à des accumulateurs d'énergie électrique 26, comme des batteries, au travers de conducteurs électriques 28. Cette machine électrique peut fonctionner en tant que moteur électrique d'entraînement pour le véhicule ou en tant génératrice d'énergie électrique pour assurer la recharge des batteries. L'arbre de sortie 20 de la boîte de vitesse 14 et le rotor 24 de la machine électrique 24 aboutissent à un dispositif de transmission de mouvement 30 vers un essieu moteur 32 portant les roues 34 du véhicule, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'un pont différentiel 36. 24 which is connected to accumulators of electrical energy 26, such as batteries, through electrical conductors 28. This electric machine can function as an electric drive motor for the vehicle or as an electric power generator to recharge the batteries. The output shaft 20 of the gearbox 14 and the rotor 24 of the electric machine 24 result in a motion transmission device 30 to a driving axle 32 carrying the wheels 34 of the vehicle, directly or via a differential bridge 36.
Ce dispositif 30 permet de transmettre à l'essieu 32 le mouvement de rotation provenant de l'arbre de sortie 20 et/ou du rotor 24. De même, ce dispositif permet de transmettre le mouvement de rotation des roues par l'essieu soit vers le rotor (recharge de batterie), soit vers le moteur thermique (frein moteur).  This device 30 makes it possible to transmit to the axle 32 the rotational movement originating from the output shaft 20 and / or the rotor 24. Likewise, this device makes it possible to transmit the rotational movement of the wheels by the axle or towards the rotor (battery charging), either to the engine (engine brake).
Le groupe motopropulseur comprend également une unité de calcul et de traitement 38 qui reçoit, par des lignes de communications 40, des informations provenant des différents capteurs et/ou sondes (non représentés). Ces informations permettent ensuite d'évaluer les différents paramètres de fonctionnement du véhicule, comme sa vitesse ou l'état de charge électrique des batteries.  The powertrain also comprises a computing and processing unit 38 which receives, via communication lines 40, information from the various sensors and / or probes (not shown). This information then makes it possible to evaluate the various operating parameters of the vehicle, such as its speed or the electrical state of charge of the batteries.
Bien étendu, cette unité peut également contrôler par des lignes de commande bidirectionnelles (non représentées) tous les organes du véhicule nécessaires à son fonctionnement. Ces organes sont notamment le circuit de puissance et de contrôle de la machine électrique 22.  Although extended, this unit can also control by bidirectional control lines (not shown) all the vehicle components necessary for its operation. These organs are in particular the power and control circuit of the electric machine 22.
Comme déjà évoqué, afin d'assurer l'utilisation de la machine électrique en tant que moteur électrique pour remplir la fonction d'assistance électrique, il faut donc garantir à tout instant un niveau d'énergie électrique suffisant dans les batteries. Cette énergie stockée doit pouvoir participer à l'accélération du véhicule jusqu'à la vitesse maximale requise, et ce avec les performances maximales du véhicule.  As already mentioned, in order to ensure the use of the electric machine as an electric motor to fulfill the function of electrical assistance, it is therefore necessary to ensure at all times a sufficient level of electrical energy in the batteries. This stored energy must be able to participate in the acceleration of the vehicle to the maximum speed required, and this with the maximum performance of the vehicle.
Pour cela, le demandeur a établi, par calcul et simulation, un graphique avec une courbe C (figure 2) de l'état de charge électrique des batteries (SOC : State Of Charge) en fonction de la vitesse du véhicule (V). Cette courbe permet ainsi de définir deux zones : une zone A où l'énergie électrique stockée dans les batteries est suffisante pour assurer l'assistance électrique et une zone B où cette énergie est insuffisante. For this, the applicant has established, by calculation and simulation, a graph with a curve C (FIG. 2) of the state of electric charge of the batteries (SOC: State Of Charge) according to the speed of the vehicle (V). This curve thus makes it possible to define two zones: a zone A where the electrical energy stored in the batteries is sufficient to provide electrical assistance and a zone B where this energy is insufficient.
Cette courbe est ainsi intégrée dans des tables de l'unité de calcul et de traitement 38 de façon à pouvoir être associée au fonctionnement du véhicule. This curve is thus integrated into tables of the computing and processing unit 38 so as to be associated with the operation of the vehicle.
Ainsi, lorsque l'état de charge des batteries 26 se situe dans la zone A, toute demande d'accélération pour aller d'une vitesse Vi à une vitesse V2 du véhicule peut être réalisée par le moteur thermique 10 associé à l'assistance électrique générée par le moteur électrique 22. Thus, when the state of charge of the batteries 26 is in zone A, any request for acceleration to go from a speed Vi to a speed V 2 of the vehicle can be carried out by the engine 10 associated with the assistance electric generated by the electric motor 22.
Durant cette accélération, qui dure une période de temps déterminée t, l'état de charge des batteries passe d'une valeur Xi à une valeur terminale X2 avec X2 qui est inférieure à Xi . During this acceleration, which lasts for a determined period of time t, the state of charge of the batteries goes from a value Xi to a terminal value X 2 with X 2 which is less than Xi.
Cette accélération peut se reproduire avec le même niveau d'assistance électrique tant que la valeur de l'état de charge des batteries est comprise dans la zone A, c'est-à- dire est supérieure ou égale à la courbe C.  This acceleration can be reproduced with the same level of electrical assistance as long as the value of the state of charge of the batteries is included in zone A, that is to say is greater than or equal to curve C.
En deçà de cette courbe, la charge des batteries n'est plus suffisante pour réaliser la fonction d'assistance électrique avec le même niveau de performance. L'accélération réalisée sera alors plus faible et le temps t pour la réaliser se verra augmenter, ce qui nuit au confort de conduite.  Below this curve, the battery charge is no longer sufficient to perform the power assist function with the same level of performance. The acceleration achieved will then be lower and the time t to achieve it will increase, which affects driving comfort.
De manière à pouvoir toujours assurer un état de charge électrique des batteries suffisant pour une (ou des) prochaine(s) accélération(s), il est prévu de ménager la décharge des batteries lorsque le niveau de la charge de la batterie est égale de celle de la courbe C. In order to always be able to ensure a sufficient state of electric charge of the batteries for a (or) next acceleration (s), it is planned to spare the batteries when the level of the charge of the battery is equal to that of curve C.
Ainsi, lors d'une phase d'accélération modérée qui peut être réalisée par la puissance générée par les seules capacités du moteur thermique, on utilisera alors seulement ce moteur thermique pour entraîner l'essieu moteur 32 et ainsi les roues 34. De manière avantageuse, ce moteur sera utilisée à un niveau de puissance plus élevé de manière à ce que la machine électrique serve de génératrice et ainsi recharger partiellement les batteries. Dans l'éventualité où l'accélération recherchée ne peut pas être obtenue par la seule source de puissance qu'est le moteur thermique, et si l'état de charge des batteries se situe dans la zone A, alors le moteur thermique est utilisé à la puissance maximale qu'il peut fournir d'une part, et la machine électrique est utilisée, comme assistance électrique, pour fournir le complément de puissance d'autre part. Thus, during a phase of moderate acceleration that can be achieved by the power generated by the only capacities of the engine, then only this engine will be used to drive the driving axle 32 and thus the wheels 34. Advantageously, this motor will be used at a higher power level so that the electric machine serves as a generator and thus partially recharge the batteries. In the event that the desired acceleration can not be obtained by the only power source that is the engine, and if the state of charge of the batteries is in zone A, then the engine is used to the maximum power it can supply on the one hand, and the electric machine is used, as electrical assistance, to provide the complement of power on the other hand.
La méthode de calcul mise en œuvre pour déterminer la courbe C est telle que, par la répartition de puissance entre le moteur thermique et la machine électrique (à condition que l'état de charge des batteries se situe dans la zone A avant l'accélération), l'état de charge de ces batteries se situe avantageusement dans cette zone A à la fin de cette accélération.  The calculation method used to determine curve C is such that, by the power distribution between the heat engine and the electric machine (provided that the state of charge of the batteries is in zone A before acceleration ), the state of charge of these batteries is advantageously in this zone A at the end of this acceleration.
Deux cas de figures peuvent alors se produire suite à l'obtention de cette accélération. Dans un cas, le conducteur demande ensuite une vitesse constante au véhicule, ce qui peut être réalisé par le moteur thermique seul. En fonction de la puissance développée par le moteur thermique, on peut au besoin recharger les batteries tout en maintenant la vitesse du véhicule constante. Dans un autre cas, le véhicule passe en phase de décélération après la phase d'accélération. Two cases can then occur after obtaining this acceleration. In one case, the driver then requests a constant speed to the vehicle, which can be achieved by the engine alone. Depending on the power developed by the engine, you can recharge the batteries if necessary while keeping the vehicle speed constant. In another case, the vehicle goes into the deceleration phase after the acceleration phase.
Dans ce dernier cas, l'unité 38 contrôlera le moteur électrique 22 pour qu'il recharge les batteries avec une énergie au moins égale à l'énergie dépensée lors de l'accélération précédente, afin de maintenir un état de charge situé dans la zone A.  In the latter case, the unit 38 will control the electric motor 22 to recharge the batteries with an energy at least equal to the energy expended during the preceding acceleration, in order to maintain a state of charge located in the area AT.
Ceci peut se réaliser en utilisant l'énergie provenant de l'essieu moteur 32, via le dispositif de transmission de mouvement 30 pour entraîner le moteur électrique 22 en tant que génératrice d'énergie électrique pour les batteries 26. On parle alors de freinage récupératif. This can be achieved by using the energy from the driving axle 32 via the motion transmission device 30 to drive the motor 22 as an electric power generator for the batteries 26. This is referred to as regenerative braking.
Cependant, cette quantité d'énergie récupérée par le freinage régénératif peut être insuffisante pour garantir que l'état de charge des batteries reste dans la zone A.  However, this amount of energy recovered by the regenerative braking may be insufficient to ensure that the state of charge of the batteries remains in zone A.
L'utilisation d'une recharge active réalisée par le moteur thermique permet cependant d'obtenir le niveau d'énergie requis. The use of an active refill made by the engine, however, provides the required level of energy.
Cela consiste, pendant la décélération du véhicule, à utiliser l'énergie mécanique provenant du moteur thermique 10 par l'intermédiaire de la boîte de vitesse 14, en supplément de l'énergie provenant de l'essieu moteur 32.  This consists, during the deceleration of the vehicle, to use the mechanical energy from the engine 10 through the gearbox 14, in addition to the energy from the driving axle 32.
Dans le même temps, ce supplément d'énergie apportée au dispositif 30 sera absorbé par la machine électrique 26, par le biais du rotor 24, de sorte que la puissance absorbée à l'essieu moteur 32 respecte la demande du conducteur.  At the same time, this additional energy supplied to the device 30 will be absorbed by the electric machine 26, through the rotor 24, so that the power absorbed to the driving axle 32 respects the driver's request.
La puissance absorbée par le moteur électrique, fonctionnant alors en génératrice, s'en trouve augmentée.  The power absorbed by the electric motor, then operating as a generator, is increased.
En considérant que le véhicule subit en usage normal des accélérations bornées inférieurement, il est possible de calculer la puissance de recharge nécessaire, lors de toute décélération de la vitesse V2 à la vitesse Vi, pour que l'énergie stockée dans les batteries lors de cette décélération soit supérieure ou égale à l'énergie dépensée lors de l'accélération opposée. La consigne de cette puissance de recharge consistera en une table dépendant de la vitesse véhicule, et stockée dans l'unité de calcul 38. Considering that the vehicle is subjected in normal use to lower bound accelerations, it is possible to calculate the recharging power required, during any deceleration of the speed V 2 to the speed Vi, so that the energy stored in the batteries during this deceleration is greater than or equal to the energy expended during the opposite acceleration. The setpoint of this recharging power will consist of a table dependent on the vehicle speed, and stored in the calculation unit 38.
De cette manière, l'état de charge des batteries est toujours situé dans la zone A décrite par la figure 2 et les batteries contiennent donc en permanence suffisamment d'énergie pour réaliser une accélération jusqu'à une vitesse déterminée du véhicule et cela sans dégrader les performances de ce véhicule. En fonction des performances du moteur électrique et des batteries, et notamment de la puissance maximale admissible en recharge de ces batteries, l'énergie rechargée pendant la décélération sera limitée. In this way, the state of charge of the batteries is always located in the zone A described in FIG. 2 and the batteries therefore always contain sufficient energy to accelerate up to a determined speed of the vehicle without degrading. the performance of this vehicle. Depending on the performance of the electric motor and the batteries, and in particular the maximum permissible power for charging these batteries, the energy recharged during the deceleration will be limited.
A haute vitesse notamment, il faudra limiter la puissance disponible pour limiter l'énergie dépensée pendant l'accélération à la valeur de l'énergie rechargée pendant la décélération.  At high speed in particular, it will limit the power available to limit the energy spent during acceleration to the value of the energy recharged during deceleration.
En cas d'utilisation critique du véhicule, notamment si le véhicule est soumis à une décélération très forte ne permettant pas une recharge suffisante et suivant une utilisation sévère du véhicule qui a mené à un état de charge sur la courbe C, ledit état de charge varie très peu alors que la vitesse du véhicule diminue très rapidement. Dans ce cas, la valeur de l'état de charge (SOC) croisera la courbe C et entrera dans la zone B. Dans ce cas d'utilisation peu fréquent de l'usage du véhicule, il faudra alors diminuer les performances d'accélération disponibles. In case of critical use of the vehicle, especially if the vehicle is subjected to a very strong deceleration that does not allow sufficient recharging and following a severe use of the vehicle which has led to a state of charge on the curve C, said state of charge varies very little as the speed of the vehicle decreases very rapidly. In this case, the value of the state of charge (SOC) will cross the curve C and enter the zone B. In this case of infrequent use of the vehicle use, it will be necessary to reduce the acceleration performance. available.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ) Procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique, notamment de batteries électriques (26), pour un véhicule automobile hybride comprenant un moteur thermique (10), notamment à combustion interne, et une machine électrique (22) raccordée audit accumulateur d'énergie et capable d'apporter une assistance au moteur thermique pour l'accélération dudit véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : 1) Method for recharging an electric energy accumulator, in particular an electric battery (26), for a hybrid motor vehicle comprising a heat engine (10), in particular an internal combustion engine, and a connected electric machine (22) energy accumulator audit and capable of providing assistance to the heat engine for the acceleration of said vehicle, characterized in that it consists:
- à établir un graphique avec une courbe (C) de l'état de charge électrique (SOC) dudit accumulateur en fonction de la vitesse (V) du véhicule en délimitant une zone (A) où l'énergie électrique de l'accumulateur est suffisante pour assurer ladite assistance et une zone (B) où cette énergie est insuffisante, - to establish a graph with a curve (C) of the state of electric charge (SOC) of said accumulator as a function of the speed (V) of the vehicle by delimiting a zone (A) where the electrical energy of the accumulator is sufficient to provide said assistance and a zone (B) where this energy is insufficient,
- lorsque la décharge de l'accumulateur est telle que la valeur de l'état de charge atteigne la courbe (C), à recharger ledit accumulateur par la machine électrique lors de phase de décélération du véhicule. when the discharge of the accumulator is such that the value of the state of charge reaches the curve (C), recharging said accumulator by the electric machine during deceleration phase of the vehicle.
2) Procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique selon la revendication , caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à recharger l'accumulateur avec une quantité d'énergie au moins égale à la quantité d'énergie dépensée lors de l'accélération précédente. 2) A method for recharging an electric energy accumulator according to claim, characterized in that it consists in recharging the accumulator with a quantity of energy at least equal to the amount of energy expended during the previous acceleration.
3) Procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à recharger ledit accumulateur en utilisant le freinage régénératif du véhicule. 3) A method for recharging an electric energy accumulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in recharging said accumulator using the regenerative braking of the vehicle.
4) Procédé pour assurer la recharge d'un accumulateur d'énergie électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à recharger ledit accumulateur en utilisant l'énergie du moteur thermique. 4) A method for recharging an electric energy accumulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in recharging said accumulator using the energy of the engine.
PCT/FR2012/000225 2011-06-10 2012-06-05 Method for recharging an accumulator of electrical energy for a hybrid vehicle, notably electric batteries WO2012168573A2 (en)

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FR1101792A FR2976418B1 (en) 2011-06-10 2011-06-10 METHOD FOR ENSURING THE RECHARGING OF AN ELECTRIC ENERGY ACCUMULATOR FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR ELECTRIC BATTERIES
FR11/01792 2011-06-10

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JP3568941B2 (en) * 2002-06-19 2004-09-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Hybrid vehicle control device
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