WO2012163274A1 - Gas-burning and electric-arc dual-heating high-efficiency silicon refining furnace and heating method thereof - Google Patents

Gas-burning and electric-arc dual-heating high-efficiency silicon refining furnace and heating method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012163274A1
WO2012163274A1 PCT/CN2012/076264 CN2012076264W WO2012163274A1 WO 2012163274 A1 WO2012163274 A1 WO 2012163274A1 CN 2012076264 W CN2012076264 W CN 2012076264W WO 2012163274 A1 WO2012163274 A1 WO 2012163274A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
heating chamber
heat
furnace
burner
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PCT/CN2012/076264
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李恒杰
Original Assignee
Li Hengjie
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Publication of WO2012163274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012163274A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/02—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of single-chamber fixed-hearth type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/037—Purification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a silicon smelting furnace, and mainly relates to a gas arc double-heating heat storage waste heat exhaust gas returning environmental protection energy-saving high-efficiency silicon-making furnace and a heating method thereof.
  • the traditional silicon alloy smelting furnace adopts the arc heating method alone. Since the arc heating is a point type heat release from the bottom to the top, when smelting ferrosilicon alloy, silicon alloy, 99% silicon, it is necessary to add about 1/4 ton of ingredients. Blue carbon, coking coal, arc heating method due to its arc heat generation characteristics can not be used to recover a large amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, waste heat (about 50% of the total output heat energy) generated by the high temperature reaction process for secondary use, directly Emissions, while high energy consumption, also cause high pollution atmosphere.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gas arc double-heating heat storage waste heat exhaust gas returning environmental protection energy-saving high-efficiency silicon-making furnace and a heating method thereof, and the waste heat generated by the arc is generated by using the arc primary heating and the fuel combustion secondary heating method. After secondary combustion, the dust exhausted by the exhausted waste is treated to achieve energy saving, environmental protection and efficiency improvement, and the long-standing problems of the existing silicon-making furnace are better overcome.
  • the heating method for carrying out the invention is: comprising the following steps:
  • Two heating chambers are arranged in the furnace body, that is, the first heating chamber is inside the heat conduction furnace, the second heating chamber is between the heat conduction furnace and the outer casing, the first heating chamber is electrode heating, and the second heating chamber is fuel combustion heating;
  • a heat guiding hole is uniformly distributed on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, and the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber are communicated through the heat guiding hole; firstly, the fuel is heated to heat the second heating chamber, and the electrode does not work; The heat of the second heating chamber is heated into the first heating chamber through the heat guiding hole on the heat conducting furnace; when the temperature of the first heating chamber reaches the set value, the electrode starts to heat the first heating chamber;
  • thermochemical reaction ends one cycle, at which time the second heating chamber is reduced to a small fire and burned;
  • the silicon-making furnace structure for realizing the invention is:
  • the silicon-making furnace comprises a secondary combustion of fuel combustion and a primary heating of the arc, and the towel:
  • the primary heating of the arc comprises a heat-conducting furnace, the inside of the heat-conducting furnace is a first heating chamber, a top cover is arranged on the top, a melting crucible is arranged at the bottom, and a material is placed on the crucible crucible, and the first heating chamber is provided
  • the arc electrode for heating the material is further provided with an inclined secondary heating flame hole on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, an automatic feeding port is arranged on the top cover, and a flue is connected on the circumferential surface of the top cover, the flue One end is connected to the first heating chamber, and the other end is connected to a cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover;
  • the secondary heating of the fuel comprises: providing a heat insulating sleeve on the periphery of the heat conducting furnace, the space between the heat insulating sleeve and the heat conducting furnace is a second heating chamber, and the burner is provided with a burner, the burner is The heating chamber sprays the flame, the burner is connected with the regenerator, and the top surface of the second heating chamber is provided with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is provided with a furnace surface working platform, and the second heating chamber is provided with a cleaning door.
  • the hot smoke of the second heating chamber enters the first heating chamber through the secondary heating flame hole, and the heat of the second heating chamber is conducted to the first heating chamber through the heat conducting furnace.
  • the hot smoke of the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber is then discharged into the heat storage body through the hot smoke outlet of the burner, and then reburned through the hot phleb gas inlet of the burner.
  • the structure of the above silicon-making furnace further includes:
  • the burner includes a burner A and a burner B, and the heat storage body includes a heat storage body A and a heat storage body B; wherein the burner A and the burner B respectively pass through the heat storage body A, the reversing valve, and
  • the regenerator B alternately operates, the burner A and the burner B are provided with a hot flue gas inlet and a hot flue gas outlet, and the regenerator body A and the regenerator body B are respectively provided with a hot flue gas inlet and a hot flue gas outlet, wherein the combustion
  • the hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the burner A and the burner B are respectively passed through the burner A and
  • the hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the burner B are connected to the reversing valve.
  • the lower end of the regenerator A and the regenerator B are respectively provided with a ash outlet, and the ash outlet is provided at the ash outlet.
  • the burner is a nozzle, and the nozzle is provided with an igniter, a fuel inlet, a hot flue gas inlet, a hot flue gas outlet and a flange, wherein the nozzle is fixed in the regenerator A and the regenerator B through a flange,
  • the hot flue gas outlet is in communication with the second heating chamber.
  • the cold working channel is arranged in the furnace working platform to cool the working surface of the working surface.
  • the furnace surface working platform is further provided with a second heating chamber explosion-proof door, and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door is connected to the second heating chamber.
  • the first heating chamber explosion-proof door is also disposed on the flue.
  • the lower end of the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust collector is respectively provided with a flue port and a sedimentation tank port connecting the flue and the dust removing sedimentation tank, and a dusting shower is arranged above the flue pipe, and the upper end of the precipitator is connected with dust removal
  • the chamber is connected to the dust chamber, and a preheated air outlet is arranged in the upper part of the dust collector, and a preheated air inlet and an oscillator are arranged in the lower part of the dust remover.
  • the heat conducting furnace comprises a crucible crucible, a heat conducting material biliary body and a top cover, wherein the upper end of the melting crucible is connected with the heat conducting material biliary body, and the upper end of the heat conducting material biliary body is connected to the top cover through the furnace surface working platform.
  • the inclined secondary heating flame hole has an inclination direction which is low in the orifice of the first combustion chamber and high in the orifice of the second combustion chamber.
  • the upper circumferential surface of the heat conducting furnace is also provided with a manual feeding door.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the silicon-making furnace adopts secondary combustion heating technology, and adopts gas-fired heat storage double-type high-efficiency combustion while arc heating, and the waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace can save energy by more than 60% after secondary combustion, and reduce emissions. 90% of carbon monoxide and more than 60% of carbon dioxide make sulfur dioxide emissions greatly reduced, and energy saving and emission reduction effects are remarkable.
  • the gas combustion efficiency of the invention is 99%, the primary energy and secondary energy utilization efficiency are more than 50%, the comprehensive efficiency is more than 65%, and the single thermal arc heating smelting efficiency is more than doubled.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the overall appearance of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the burner of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a heat storage device of the heat storage body of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a table showing the relationship between the heat storage preheating combustion air and the fuel economy ratio, wherein the numbers 10 - 70 indicate the combustion energy saving rate %, and the numbers 200 - 1400 indicate the heat storage preheating combustion air temperature.
  • C the curve in the figure shows the temperature curve of the flue gas discharged without heat storage.
  • the furnace (circular) includes a secondary heating and a secondary heating structure, and the secondary heating is divided into arc heating and fuel (gas) combustion heating, and the first heating chamber 17 and the second heating chamber 15 are provided for this purpose.
  • the first heating chamber 17 is heated by the arc
  • the second heating chamber 15 is heated by the burner 20 (fuel/gas).
  • the first heating chamber 17 includes a heat conducting furnace 18, and the inside of the heat conducting furnace 18 is a first heating chamber 17, a heat conducting furnace
  • crucible crucible 4 a heat transfer material biliary body (heat transfer material including graphite carbon brick) 28 and a top cover 11, a crucible crucible 4 at the bottom, an upper end connected to the heat transfer material biliary body 28, and a heat transfer material biliary body 28 upper end
  • the top cover 11 is connected through the furnace surface working platform 8, and the crucible discharge port 41 is arranged on the crucible crucible 4,
  • the top of the crucible crucible 4 is a material, and three arc electrodes 16 are uniformly distributed in the first heating chamber 17 to heat the material (see FIG. 1), and the inner wall of the heat conducting material body 28 is also provided with an inner low and an outer high inclination.
  • the secondary heating hole 6, the inclined hole is arranged to prevent the material from entering the second heating chamber 15, the top cover 11 is provided with an automatic feeding port 22, and the circumferential surface of the top cover 11 is further provided with a flue 13 and a flue
  • the first end is connected to the first heating chamber 17, and the other end is connected to the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover 50.
  • first heating chamber venting door 12 for preventing the internal pressure of the first heating chamber 17 from being excessively high.
  • the outlet 13 is also provided with an electric ventilation valve 131.
  • the circumferential surface of the top cover 11 is further provided with a manual feeding door 10, and on the top cover 11, there are three top lifting rings 23 for lifting the heat conducting furnace 18 (see Fig. 1). ).
  • the second heating chamber 15 includes a heat insulating sleeve (insulation wall) 5 on the outside of the heat conducting furnace 18, and the heat insulating sleeve 5 is made of heat insulating material including refractory bricks, and the outside of the heat insulating sleeve 5 is a furnace shell 24, separated by There is a cavity between the heat jacket 5 and the heat conducting furnace 18, and the cavity is a second heating chamber 15, and a heat storage body is arranged on the furnace body casing 24, and the burner 20 is stored in the heat storage body, and the heat storage body is stored.
  • the heat body A and the heat storage body B are disposed on two sides of the furnace body casing 24, and the burners 20 are two-group, and the two burners 20 are respectively disposed on the heat storage body A and the heat storage body B, and the burner 20
  • the flame is sprayed into the second heating chamber 15, and the heat generated by the second heating chamber 15 enters the first heating chamber 17 through the heat transfer material biliary body 28, and the hot flue gas generated by the second heating chamber 15 enters through the inclined secondary heating hole 6.
  • the first heating chamber 17 heats the material, and the hot flue gas generated by the second heating chamber 15 alternately supplies the combustion gas to the hot flue gas inlet 63 of the nozzle 29 of the burner 20 via the regenerator A and the regenerator B.
  • the top surface of the second heating chamber 15 is provided with a heat insulating layer 7, and the insulating layer 7 is provided with workers' work.
  • the furnace surface working platform 8, the furnace surface working platform 8 has a plurality of cold water passages 14 for cooling the furnace surface working platform 8, and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door 9 is also installed on the furnace surface working platform 8, the second heating The lower end of the chamber explosion-proof door 9 communicates with the second heating chamber 15, the upper end of which is open to the atmosphere, and three cleaning doors 21 are uniformly disposed under the second heating chamber 15.
  • the burner 20 (see Fig. 5) is a nozzle 29, which is composed of an igniter 61, a fuel inlet 62, a hot flue gas inlet 63, a hot flue gas outlet 64, a flange 65, a fuel inlet 62 connected to the fuel pipe, and a hot smoke.
  • the gas inlet 63 and the hot flue gas outlet 64 are connected to the hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the regenerators A, B, respectively, and the nozzle 29 is fixed to the furnace casing 24 by a flange 65.
  • the heat storage body heat exchange device (see Fig. 7) is composed of a solenoid valve 31, a heat storage body A (32), a blower 33, a reversing valve 34, an induced draft fan 35, a smoke exhaust pipe 36, and a heat storage body B (37); There are two burners 20, one connected to the heat storage body A and the other connected to the heat storage body B.
  • the hot flue gas generated by the nozzle 29 enters the heat storage body A and the heat storage body through the hot flue gas outlet 64 of the nozzle 29, respectively.
  • regenerator body A and the regenerator body B are hung on the furnace body casing 24 through the hanging ring 27.
  • Cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover 50 (see Fig. 6), the dust eliminator fixing hoist ring 51, the dust removal chamber port 52, the preheating air outlet 53, the dust blasting device 54, the sedimentation tank port 55, the tobacco inlet port 56, and the preheating
  • the air inlet 57 is composed; the lower end of the dust remover 50 is a three-way structure, and there is a dust spray shower 54 for spraying dust to the dust, a lower end of the sedimentation tank port 55 is connected to the sedimentation tank, and a side flue port 56 is connected to the flue 13
  • the dust removing chamber port 52 of the upper end is connected to the dust removing chamber, and a preheating air outlet 53 connecting the heat storage body B is further disposed at the upper portion of the dust remover 50, and a preheating air inlet 57 connecting the air blower is further disposed at a lower portion of the dust remover 50.
  • the ore and ingredients are classified and crushed, mixed according to the ratio, delivered to the silo, and then the exhaust fan and blower of the regenerator heat exchange device (see Figure 7) are activated. At this time, the regenerator A or B in the secondary heating is first ignited.
  • Burner A or B when the heat storage temperature in the regenerator A or B reaches 800-1000 °C, alternately sucks and stores through the reversing valve, and exchanges heat exchange between the two heating chambers through the regenerator
  • the exhaust fan of the device is pumped to the regenerative burner A or B for air preheating
  • the burner B when the burner A is working, the burner B stores heat, and vice versa, when the burner B is working, the burner A stores heat, and the hot smoke of the second heating chamber enters through the secondary heating flame hole.
  • the high temperature of the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber are transferred into the first heating chamber through the graphite carbon brick, so that the first heating chamber is heated to above 120 CTC, and the first batch of the silo is mixed to the first.
  • Heating in the heating chamber turning on the three arc electrodes in the first heating chamber, starting to generate the arc once, the mineral in the first heating chamber is heated and heated to 1600-165 CTC to melt, the thermochemical reaction ends one cycle, and the second heating
  • the burner is reduced to a small fire and burned, and the furnace is opened to open the discharge port, and the molten high temperature solution is discharged to the outside of the furnace for cooling. Blocking the discharge port for the second round of charging and smelting. See Figure 8 for a table of the relationship between preheated air temperature and fuel economy.
  • the mineral material is charged into the arc once and heated.
  • the high temperature heating of the inner tank of the inner tank produces a large amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, which are led to the A or B burner regenerator through the heat storage device of the regenerative heat exchanger, and are alternately stored by the reversing valve.
  • the heat is subjected to high temperature combustion above 140CTC to reduce the emission of polluted gases, and the excess waste heat smoke is finally discharged by the dust collector.
  • the first heating chamber explosion-proof door and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door may be opened for decompression.
  • the combustion window automatically opens the smoke window electric ventilation valve to start the cyclone dust collector, and the cyclone exhaust gas discharges excessive combustible gas to prevent deflagration, and the test gas is safely burned. After the range, close the smoke window electric ventilation valve and the cyclone dust collector to return to normal combustion.
  • the normal temperature air from the blower is switched from the reversing valve to the regenerative burner B, after passing through the regenerative burner B (ceramic ball or honeycomb)
  • the air at room temperature is heated to near the furnace temperature (usually 5CT100 °C lower than the furnace temperature) in a very short time.
  • the smoke in the surrounding furnace is formed into a package.
  • the oxygen is much lower than 21% of the lean oxygen-poor high-temperature gas stream, and at the same time, fuel (fuel or gas) is injected near the thin high-temperature air, and the fuel is burned in an oxygen-poor (2-20%) state; at the same time, the furnace is burned.
  • the hot flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through another regenerative burner A.
  • the sensible heat is stored in the regenerative burner A, and then lower than The low temperature flue gas at 150 °C is discharged through the reversing valve.
  • the reversing valve with low operating temperature switches at a certain frequency, so that two The switching period used is 30 to 200 seconds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a gas-burning and electric-arc dual-heating high-efficiency silicon refining furnace and heating method thereof. Disposed within a furnace body are two heating chambers, a first heating chamber being inside of the heat-conducting internal furnace, and a second heating chamber between the heat-conducting internal furnace and a heat insulation sleeve. The first heating chamber uses electrode heating, and the second heating chamber uses fuel-burning heating. Heat guide holes are evenly provided on the wall of the heat-conducting internal furnace. The first heating chamber communicates with the second heating chamber through the heat guide holes. First, fuel is burnt to heat up the second heating chamber, and the electrode does not operate. The heat of the second heating chamber flows into the first heating chamber through the heat guide holes. When the temperature of the first heating chamber reaches a pre-set value, the electrode starts to heat the first heating chamber. The temperature of the first heating chamber continuously increases. After the temperature reaches a pre-set value, a cycle of a thermal chemical reaction ends, the burning in the second heating chamber is reduced to maintain the temperature. Material is discharged.

Description

燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉及其加热方法  Gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace and heating method thereof
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及硅冶炼炉，主要是指一种燃气电弧双热式蓄热余热废气回燃环保节能高 效炼硅炉及其加热方法。  The invention relates to a silicon smelting furnace, and mainly relates to a gas arc double-heating heat storage waste heat exhaust gas returning environmental protection energy-saving high-efficiency silicon-making furnace and a heating method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
传统的硅合金冶炼炉， 单一采用电弧加热方式， 由于电弧加热是点式由下至上向外 放热， 在冶炼硅铁合金、 硅猛合金、 99 %硅时， 需配料加入约 1/4吨的兰炭、 焦煤， 电 弧加热方式由于其电弧产热特性无法将高温反应过程所产生的大量一氧化碳、 二氧化 碳、 二氧化硫、 废气余热 （相当于总输出热能量的 50%左右） 回收进行二次利用， 直接 排放， 在高能耗同时造成高污染大气。  The traditional silicon alloy smelting furnace adopts the arc heating method alone. Since the arc heating is a point type heat release from the bottom to the top, when smelting ferrosilicon alloy, silicon alloy, 99% silicon, it is necessary to add about 1/4 ton of ingredients. Blue carbon, coking coal, arc heating method due to its arc heat generation characteristics can not be used to recover a large amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, waste heat (about 50% of the total output heat energy) generated by the high temperature reaction process for secondary use, directly Emissions, while high energy consumption, also cause high pollution atmosphere.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种燃气电弧双热式蓄热余热废气回燃环保节能高效炼硅炉 及其加热方法， 通过采用电弧一次加热和燃料燃烧二次加热方式， 将电弧所产生的废气 余热再经二次燃烧， 同时对排放的废烟进行除尘处理， 达到了节能、 环保和提高效率的 效果， 较好地克服了现有炼硅炉长期存在的问题。  The object of the present invention is to provide a gas arc double-heating heat storage waste heat exhaust gas returning environmental protection energy-saving high-efficiency silicon-making furnace and a heating method thereof, and the waste heat generated by the arc is generated by using the arc primary heating and the fuel combustion secondary heating method. After secondary combustion, the dust exhausted by the exhausted waste is treated to achieve energy saving, environmental protection and efficiency improvement, and the long-standing problems of the existing silicon-making furnace are better overcome.
实现本发明的加热方法是： 包括下列步骤：  The heating method for carrying out the invention is: comprising the following steps:
在炉体内设置 2个加热室， 即导热炉胆内为第一加热室， 导热炉胆与外壳之间为第 二加热室， 第一加热室是电极加热， 第二加热室是燃料燃烧加热；  Two heating chambers are arranged in the furnace body, that is, the first heating chamber is inside the heat conduction furnace, the second heating chamber is between the heat conduction furnace and the outer casing, the first heating chamber is electrode heating, and the second heating chamber is fuel combustion heating;
在导热炉胆壁上均布有热导流孔， 第一加热室和第二加热室通过热导流孔相通； 首先是燃料燃烧对第二加热室加热， 这时电极不工作； 第二加热室的热量经导热炉胆上的热导流孔进入第一加热室加热； 当第一加热室温度达到设定值时， 电极开始对第一加热室加热； a heat guiding hole is uniformly distributed on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, and the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber are communicated through the heat guiding hole; firstly, the fuel is heated to heat the second heating chamber, and the electrode does not work; The heat of the second heating chamber is heated into the first heating chamber through the heat guiding hole on the heat conducting furnace; when the temperature of the first heating chamber reaches the set value, the electrode starts to heat the first heating chamber;
当第一加热室温度继续升高达到设定值时， 热化学反应一个周期结束， 这时第二加 热室减到小火保温燃烧；  When the temperature of the first heating chamber continues to rise to a set value, the thermochemical reaction ends one cycle, at which time the second heating chamber is reduced to a small fire and burned;
出料。  Discharge.
实现本发明的炼硅炉结构是： 这种炼硅炉包括燃料燃烧二次加热和电弧一次加热， 其巾：  The silicon-making furnace structure for realizing the invention is: The silicon-making furnace comprises a secondary combustion of fuel combustion and a primary heating of the arc, and the towel:
电弧一次加热包括导热炉胆， 该导热炉胆内部为第一加热室， 其上面设有顶盖， 底 部设有熔料坩锅， 熔料坩锅上面装入物料， 在第一加热室内设有对物料进行加热的电弧 电极， 在导热炉胆壁上还设有倾斜的二次加热火焰孔， 在顶盖上设有自动进料口， 在顶 盖圆周表面上连接有烟道， 该烟道一端连通第一加热室， 另一端连接旋风式振荡余热回 收除尘器；  The primary heating of the arc comprises a heat-conducting furnace, the inside of the heat-conducting furnace is a first heating chamber, a top cover is arranged on the top, a melting crucible is arranged at the bottom, and a material is placed on the crucible crucible, and the first heating chamber is provided The arc electrode for heating the material is further provided with an inclined secondary heating flame hole on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, an automatic feeding port is arranged on the top cover, and a flue is connected on the circumferential surface of the top cover, the flue One end is connected to the first heating chamber, and the other end is connected to a cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover;
燃料燃烧二次加热包括在导热炉胆***设有一隔热套，该隔热套与导热炉胆之间的 空间为第二加热室， 在隔热套上设有燃烧器， 该燃烧器向第二加热室内喷射火焰， 燃烧 器与蓄热体连接， 在第二加热室顶面设有隔热层， 该隔热层上面设有炉面工作平台， 在 第二加热室下面设有清灰门， 第二加热室的热烟经二次加热火焰孔进入第一加热室， 第 二加热室的热量经导热炉胆传导给第一加热室加热。  The secondary heating of the fuel comprises: providing a heat insulating sleeve on the periphery of the heat conducting furnace, the space between the heat insulating sleeve and the heat conducting furnace is a second heating chamber, and the burner is provided with a burner, the burner is The heating chamber sprays the flame, the burner is connected with the regenerator, and the top surface of the second heating chamber is provided with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is provided with a furnace surface working platform, and the second heating chamber is provided with a cleaning door. The hot smoke of the second heating chamber enters the first heating chamber through the secondary heating flame hole, and the heat of the second heating chamber is conducted to the first heating chamber through the heat conducting furnace.
第一加热室和第二加热室的热烟再经燃烧器的热烟出口排出进入蓄热体，再经燃烧 器的热咽气进口被二次燃烧。  The hot smoke of the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber is then discharged into the heat storage body through the hot smoke outlet of the burner, and then reburned through the hot phleb gas inlet of the burner.
上述炼硅炉的结构还包括：  The structure of the above silicon-making furnace further includes:
所述的燃烧器包括燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B， 所述的蓄热体包括蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B; 其中燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B分别经蓄热体 A、 换向阀和蓄热体 B交替工作， 燃烧器 A和 燃烧器 B设有热烟气进口和热烟气出口， 蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B分别设有热烟气进口和 热烟气出口， 其中燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B的热烟气入口和热烟气出口分别经燃烧器 A和 燃烧器 B的热烟气进口和热烟气出口接换向阀。 蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B下端分别设有出 灰口， 在出灰口上设有出灰门。 The burner includes a burner A and a burner B, and the heat storage body includes a heat storage body A and a heat storage body B; wherein the burner A and the burner B respectively pass through the heat storage body A, the reversing valve, and The regenerator B alternately operates, the burner A and the burner B are provided with a hot flue gas inlet and a hot flue gas outlet, and the regenerator body A and the regenerator body B are respectively provided with a hot flue gas inlet and a hot flue gas outlet, wherein the combustion The hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the burner A and the burner B are respectively passed through the burner A and The hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the burner B are connected to the reversing valve. The lower end of the regenerator A and the regenerator B are respectively provided with a ash outlet, and the ash outlet is provided at the ash outlet.
所述的燃烧器是一喷嘴， 该喷嘴上设有点火器、 燃料进口、 热烟气进口、 热烟气出 口和法兰， 其中喷嘴通过法兰固定在蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B 内， 热烟气出口与第二加热 室相通。  The burner is a nozzle, and the nozzle is provided with an igniter, a fuel inlet, a hot flue gas inlet, a hot flue gas outlet and a flange, wherein the nozzle is fixed in the regenerator A and the regenerator B through a flange, The hot flue gas outlet is in communication with the second heating chamber.
所述的炉面工作平台内设有冷水通道对炉面工作平台进行冷却。  The cold working channel is arranged in the furnace working platform to cool the working surface of the working surface.
所述的炉面工作平台上还设有第二加热室防爆门，该第二加热室防爆门连通第二加 热室。  The furnace surface working platform is further provided with a second heating chamber explosion-proof door, and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door is connected to the second heating chamber.
所述的烟道上还设有第一加热室防爆门。  The first heating chamber explosion-proof door is also disposed on the flue.
所述的旋风式振荡余热回收除尘器下端分别设有连接烟道和除尘沉淀池的接烟道 口和接沉淀池口， 在接烟道口上方设有除尘喷淋器， 该除尘器上端设有连接除尘室的接 除尘室口， 在除尘器上部还设有预热空气出口， 在除尘器下部还设有预热空气进口和振 荡器。  The lower end of the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust collector is respectively provided with a flue port and a sedimentation tank port connecting the flue and the dust removing sedimentation tank, and a dusting shower is arranged above the flue pipe, and the upper end of the precipitator is connected with dust removal The chamber is connected to the dust chamber, and a preheated air outlet is arranged in the upper part of the dust collector, and a preheated air inlet and an oscillator are arranged in the lower part of the dust remover.
所述的导热炉胆包括熔料坩锅、 热传导材料胆体和顶盖， 其中熔料坩锅上端连接热 传导材料胆体， 热传导材料胆体上端通过炉面工作平台连接顶盖。  The heat conducting furnace comprises a crucible crucible, a heat conducting material biliary body and a top cover, wherein the upper end of the melting crucible is connected with the heat conducting material biliary body, and the upper end of the heat conducting material biliary body is connected to the top cover through the furnace surface working platform.
所述的倾斜的二次加热火焰孔的倾斜方向为在第一燃烧室的孔口低，在第二燃烧室 的孔口高。  The inclined secondary heating flame hole has an inclination direction which is low in the orifice of the first combustion chamber and high in the orifice of the second combustion chamber.
所述的导热炉胆上部圆周表面还设有人工进料门。  The upper circumferential surface of the heat conducting furnace is also provided with a manual feeding door.
本发明具有的有益效果：本炼硅炉采用二次燃烧加热技术，在电弧加热同时采用燃 气蓄热复式高效燃烧，将电弧炉所产生废气余热经二次燃烧后可节能 60 %以上， 降低排 放一氧化碳 90 %、 二氧化碳 60 %以上， 使二氧化硫排放大大降低， 节能减排效果显著。 本发明燃气燃烧效率达 99 %， 一次能源与二次能源利用效率差 50 %以上， 综合效率大 于 65 %以上， 比较单热电弧加热冶炼效率提高一倍以上。 附图说明 The invention has the beneficial effects that the silicon-making furnace adopts secondary combustion heating technology, and adopts gas-fired heat storage double-type high-efficiency combustion while arc heating, and the waste heat generated by the electric arc furnace can save energy by more than 60% after secondary combustion, and reduce emissions. 90% of carbon monoxide and more than 60% of carbon dioxide make sulfur dioxide emissions greatly reduced, and energy saving and emission reduction effects are remarkable. The gas combustion efficiency of the invention is 99%, the primary energy and secondary energy utilization efficiency are more than 50%, the comprehensive efficiency is more than 65%, and the single thermal arc heating smelting efficiency is more than doubled. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明的总体外形立体示意图。  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the overall appearance of the present invention.
图 2是图 1的剖视图。  Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
图 3是图 2的平面示意图。  Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2.
图 4是图 1的俯视图。  Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 1.
图 5是图 1的燃烧器示意图。  Figure 5 is a schematic view of the burner of Figure 1.
图 6是本发明的旋风式振荡余热回收除尘器示意图。  Figure 6 is a schematic view of the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover of the present invention.
图 7是本发明的蓄热体换热装置示意图。  Figure 7 is a schematic view of a heat storage device of the heat storage body of the present invention.
图 8是本发明的是蓄热预热助燃空气与节约燃料比率关系表， 其中数字 10— 70表 示燃烧节能率％， 数字 200— 1400表示蓄热预热助燃空气温度。 C， 图中曲线表示未蓄热 回收排出的烟气温度曲线。  Figure 8 is a table showing the relationship between the heat storage preheating combustion air and the fuel economy ratio, wherein the numbers 10 - 70 indicate the combustion energy saving rate %, and the numbers 200 - 1400 indicate the heat storage preheating combustion air temperature. C, the curve in the figure shows the temperature curve of the flue gas discharged without heat storage.
图中： 1炉体底座支架、 2底座承重桩、 3蓄热体 B、 31电磁阀、 32蓄热体 A、 33 鼓风机、 34换向阀、 35引风机、 36排烟管、 37蓄热体 B、 4熔料坩锅、 41坩锅出料口、 5隔热套、 51除尘器固定吊环、 52接除尘室口、 53预热空气出口、 54除尘喷淋器、 55 接沉淀池口、 56接烟道口、 57预热空气进口、 6二次加热火焰孔、 61点火器、 62燃料 进口、 63热烟气进口、 64热烟气出口、 65法兰、 7隔热层、 8炉面工作平台、 9第二加 热室防爆门、 10人工进料门、 11顶盖、 12第一加热室防爆门、 13烟道、 131电动通风 阀、 14冷水通道、 15第二加热室、 16电弧电极、 17第一加热室、 18导热炉胆、 19蓄 热体 A、 20燃烧器、 21二次燃烧室清灰门、 22自动进料口、 23顶盖吊环、 24炉体外壳、 26出灰门、 27挂环、 28热传导材料胆体、 29喷嘴、 50旋风式振荡余热回收除尘器、 60 振荡器。 具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明： In the figure: 1 furnace base bracket, 2 base bearing pile, 3 regenerator B, 31 solenoid valve, 32 regenerator A, 33 blower, 34 reversing valve, 35 induced draft fan, 36 exhaust pipe, 37 heat storage Body B, 4 melt crucible, 41 crucible discharge, 5 insulation sleeve, 51 dust collector fixed lifting ring, 52 connected dust chamber port, 53 preheated air outlet, 54 dusting shower, 55 connected to the sedimentation tank, 56 smoke inlet, 57 preheated air inlet, 6 secondary heating flame hole, 61 igniter, 62 fuel inlet, 63 hot flue gas inlet, 64 hot flue gas outlet, 65 flange, 7 insulation, 8 furnace surface Work platform, 9 second heating chamber explosion-proof door, 10 manual feeding door, 11 top cover, 12 first heating chamber explosion-proof door, 13 flue, 131 electric ventilation valve, 14 cold water passage, 15 second heating chamber, 16 arc Electrode, 17 first heating chamber, 18 heat conduction furnace, 19 regenerator A, 20 burner, 21 secondary combustion chamber cleaning door, 22 automatic feed port, 23 top cover ring, 24 furnace shell, 26 out Grey door, 27 hanging rings, 28 heat transfer material biliary body, 29 nozzles, 50 cyclone type oscillating heat recovery dust collector, 60 oscillator. detailed description The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
如图所示， 本炉 （圆形）包括二次加热及二次加热结构， 二次加热分为电弧加热和 燃料（燃气）燃烧加热， 为此设置第一加热室 17和第二加热室 15， 第一加热室 17为电 弧加热， 第二加热室 15为燃烧器 20 (燃料 /燃气） 燃烧加热。  As shown in the figure, the furnace (circular) includes a secondary heating and a secondary heating structure, and the secondary heating is divided into arc heating and fuel (gas) combustion heating, and the first heating chamber 17 and the second heating chamber 15 are provided for this purpose. The first heating chamber 17 is heated by the arc, and the second heating chamber 15 is heated by the burner 20 (fuel/gas).
第一加热室 17是包括导热炉胆 18， 导热炉胆 18内部为第一加热室 17， 导热炉胆 The first heating chamber 17 includes a heat conducting furnace 18, and the inside of the heat conducting furnace 18 is a first heating chamber 17, a heat conducting furnace
18由熔料坩锅 4、 热传导材料胆体 （热传导材料包括石墨炭砖） 28和顶盖 11组成， 熔 料坩锅 4在底部， 其上端连接热传导材料胆体 28， 热传导材料胆体 28上端通过炉面工 作平台 8连接顶盖 11， 在熔料坩锅 4上有坩锅出料口 41， 18 consists of a crucible crucible 4, a heat transfer material biliary body (heat transfer material including graphite carbon brick) 28 and a top cover 11, a crucible crucible 4 at the bottom, an upper end connected to the heat transfer material biliary body 28, and a heat transfer material biliary body 28 upper end The top cover 11 is connected through the furnace surface working platform 8, and the crucible discharge port 41 is arranged on the crucible crucible 4,
熔料坩锅 4上面是物料，在第一加热室 17内均布有 3个电弧电极 16对物料进行加 热 （见图 1 )， 在热传导材料胆体 28壁上还设有内低外高倾斜的二次加热孔 6， 设置这 种倾斜孔可以防止物料进入第二加热室 15， 在顶盖 11上设有自动进料口 22， 在顶盖 11 圆周表面还设有烟道 13， 烟道 13—端连通第一加热室 17， 另一端连接旋风式振荡余热 回收除尘器 50， 在烟道 13还有防止第一加热室 17 内部压力过高的第一加热室防爆门 12， 在烟道 13出口还设有电动通风阀 131， 顶盖 11圆周表面还设有人工进料门 10， 在 顶盖 11上还有 3个用于吊起导热炉胆 18的顶盖吊环 23 (见图 1 )。  The top of the crucible crucible 4 is a material, and three arc electrodes 16 are uniformly distributed in the first heating chamber 17 to heat the material (see FIG. 1), and the inner wall of the heat conducting material body 28 is also provided with an inner low and an outer high inclination. The secondary heating hole 6, the inclined hole is arranged to prevent the material from entering the second heating chamber 15, the top cover 11 is provided with an automatic feeding port 22, and the circumferential surface of the top cover 11 is further provided with a flue 13 and a flue The first end is connected to the first heating chamber 17, and the other end is connected to the cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover 50. In the flue 13, there is also a first heating chamber venting door 12 for preventing the internal pressure of the first heating chamber 17 from being excessively high. The outlet 13 is also provided with an electric ventilation valve 131. The circumferential surface of the top cover 11 is further provided with a manual feeding door 10, and on the top cover 11, there are three top lifting rings 23 for lifting the heat conducting furnace 18 (see Fig. 1). ).
第二加热室 15包括在导热炉胆 18外面增加一隔热套 （隔热墙） 5， 隔热套 5采用 包括耐火砖的隔热保温材料， 隔热套 5外面是炉体外壳 24， 隔热套 5与导热炉胆 18之 间是空腔， 该空腔即为第二加热室 15， 在炉体外壳 24上设有蓄热体， 蓄热体内是燃烧 器 20， 蓄热体为蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B， 分设在炉体外壳 24的两侧， 燃烧器 20为 2个 —组， 2个燃烧器 20分别设置在蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B上， 燃烧器 20向第二加热室 15 内喷射火焰，第二加热室 15产生的热经热传导材料胆体 28进入第一加热室 17，第二加 热室 15产生的热烟气经倾斜的二次加热孔 6进入第一加热室 17， 给物料加热， 第二加 热室 15产生的热烟气再交替经蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B向燃烧器 20的喷嘴 29的热烟气进 口 63提供助燃气体， 在第二加热室 15顶面设有隔热层 7， 隔热层 7上面设有工人作业 的炉面工作平台 8， 炉面工作平台 8内有多条冷水通道 14用以对炉面工作平台 8降温， 在炉面工作平台 8上还安装有第二加热室防爆门 9， 第二加热室防爆门 9下端连通第二 加热室 15， 其上端通大气， 在第二加热室 15下面均布有 3个清灰门 21。 The second heating chamber 15 includes a heat insulating sleeve (insulation wall) 5 on the outside of the heat conducting furnace 18, and the heat insulating sleeve 5 is made of heat insulating material including refractory bricks, and the outside of the heat insulating sleeve 5 is a furnace shell 24, separated by There is a cavity between the heat jacket 5 and the heat conducting furnace 18, and the cavity is a second heating chamber 15, and a heat storage body is arranged on the furnace body casing 24, and the burner 20 is stored in the heat storage body, and the heat storage body is stored. The heat body A and the heat storage body B are disposed on two sides of the furnace body casing 24, and the burners 20 are two-group, and the two burners 20 are respectively disposed on the heat storage body A and the heat storage body B, and the burner 20 The flame is sprayed into the second heating chamber 15, and the heat generated by the second heating chamber 15 enters the first heating chamber 17 through the heat transfer material biliary body 28, and the hot flue gas generated by the second heating chamber 15 enters through the inclined secondary heating hole 6. The first heating chamber 17 heats the material, and the hot flue gas generated by the second heating chamber 15 alternately supplies the combustion gas to the hot flue gas inlet 63 of the nozzle 29 of the burner 20 via the regenerator A and the regenerator B. The top surface of the second heating chamber 15 is provided with a heat insulating layer 7, and the insulating layer 7 is provided with workers' work. The furnace surface working platform 8, the furnace surface working platform 8 has a plurality of cold water passages 14 for cooling the furnace surface working platform 8, and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door 9 is also installed on the furnace surface working platform 8, the second heating The lower end of the chamber explosion-proof door 9 communicates with the second heating chamber 15, the upper end of which is open to the atmosphere, and three cleaning doors 21 are uniformly disposed under the second heating chamber 15.
燃烧器 20 (见图 5 )是一喷嘴 29， 喷嘴 29由点火器 61、 燃料进口 62、 热烟气进口 63、 热烟气出口 64、 法兰 65组成， 燃料进口 62接燃料管道， 热烟气进口 6 3和热烟气 出口 64分别与蓄热体 A、 B的热烟气进口和热烟气出口连接， 喷嘴 29通过法兰 65固 定在炉体外壳 24上。  The burner 20 (see Fig. 5) is a nozzle 29, which is composed of an igniter 61, a fuel inlet 62, a hot flue gas inlet 63, a hot flue gas outlet 64, a flange 65, a fuel inlet 62 connected to the fuel pipe, and a hot smoke. The gas inlet 63 and the hot flue gas outlet 64 are connected to the hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the regenerators A, B, respectively, and the nozzle 29 is fixed to the furnace casing 24 by a flange 65.
蓄热体换热装置 （见图 7 ) 由电磁阀 31、 蓄热体 A ( 32)、 鼓风机 33、 换向阀 34、 引风机 35、排烟管 36、蓄热体 B ( 37 )组成； 燃烧器 20为两个， 一个与蓄热体 A连接， 另一个与蓄热体 B连接， 喷嘴 29产生的热烟气经喷嘴 29的热烟气出口 64分别进入蓄 热体 A和蓄热体 B， 在换向阀 34的作用下， 再交替进入热烟气进口 63， 起到助燃节能 作用， 蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B通过挂环 27挂在炉体外壳 24上。  The heat storage body heat exchange device (see Fig. 7) is composed of a solenoid valve 31, a heat storage body A (32), a blower 33, a reversing valve 34, an induced draft fan 35, a smoke exhaust pipe 36, and a heat storage body B (37); There are two burners 20, one connected to the heat storage body A and the other connected to the heat storage body B. The hot flue gas generated by the nozzle 29 enters the heat storage body A and the heat storage body through the hot flue gas outlet 64 of the nozzle 29, respectively. B, under the action of the reversing valve 34, alternately enters the hot flue gas inlet 63 to serve as a combustion-supporting energy saving function, and the regenerator body A and the regenerator body B are hung on the furnace body casing 24 through the hanging ring 27.
旋风式振荡余热回收除尘器 50 (见图 6) 由除尘器固定吊环 51、 接除尘室口 52、 预热空气出口 53、 除尘喷淋器 54、 接沉淀池口 55、 接烟道口 56、 预热空气进口 57组 成； 除尘器 50下端是一三通结构， 里面有除尘喷淋器 54， 用于对粉尘喷洒水， 下端接 沉淀池口 55连接沉淀池， 侧面的接烟道口 56连接烟道 13， 其上端的接除尘室口 52连 接除尘室， 在除尘器 50上部还设有连接储热体 、 B的预热空气出口 53， 在除尘器 50 下部还设有连接鼓风机的预热空气进口 57，还有用于使除尘器 50产生震动除灰的振荡 器 60， 烟灰经由下端出灰口的出灰门 26排出。  Cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover 50 (see Fig. 6), the dust eliminator fixing hoist ring 51, the dust removal chamber port 52, the preheating air outlet 53, the dust blasting device 54, the sedimentation tank port 55, the tobacco inlet port 56, and the preheating The air inlet 57 is composed; the lower end of the dust remover 50 is a three-way structure, and there is a dust spray shower 54 for spraying dust to the dust, a lower end of the sedimentation tank port 55 is connected to the sedimentation tank, and a side flue port 56 is connected to the flue 13 The dust removing chamber port 52 of the upper end is connected to the dust removing chamber, and a preheating air outlet 53 connecting the heat storage body B is further disposed at the upper portion of the dust remover 50, and a preheating air inlet 57 connecting the air blower is further disposed at a lower portion of the dust remover 50. There is also an oscillator 60 for causing the dust remover 50 to generate vibration and ash, and the soot is discharged through the ash door 26 of the lower end ash outlet.
工作原理：  working principle:
将矿石及配料分类破碎， 按配比混合， 输送到料仓， 然后启动蓄热体换热装置 （见 图 7 )的抽风机、鼓风机， 这时先点燃二次加热中蓄热体 A或 B内的燃烧器 A或 B， 当 蓄热体 A或 B内的蓄热温度达到 800-1000 °C时， 通过换向阀交替吸储、 换热交替将二 个加热室烟气通过蓄热体换热装置的抽风机抽送至蓄热式燃烧器 A或 B进行空气预热混 合二次高温燃烧， 当燃烧器 A工作时， 燃烧器 B就蓄热， 反之则当燃烧器 B工作时， 燃 烧器 A就蓄热， 第二加热室的热烟经二次加热火焰孔进入第一加热室， 第二加热室的高 温经石墨炭砖胆体传导进入第一加热室，使第一加热室升温到 120CTC以上，此时将料仓 按比例混合好的矿料输送至第一加热室内加热， 接通第一加热室内的 3个电弧电极， 开 始产生电弧一次加热， 第一加热室坩埚里的矿料被加热升温至 1600-165CTC溶化， 热化 学反应一个周期结束，二次加热燃烧器减到小火保温燃烧，用开炉电机打开坩埚出料口， 排放溶化后的矿料高温溶液至炉外冷却。 堵塞坩埚出料口进行第二轮装料加热冶炼。 见 附图 8 "预热空气温度与燃料节约率关系表 "。 The ore and ingredients are classified and crushed, mixed according to the ratio, delivered to the silo, and then the exhaust fan and blower of the regenerator heat exchange device (see Figure 7) are activated. At this time, the regenerator A or B in the secondary heating is first ignited. Burner A or B, when the heat storage temperature in the regenerator A or B reaches 800-1000 °C, alternately sucks and stores through the reversing valve, and exchanges heat exchange between the two heating chambers through the regenerator The exhaust fan of the device is pumped to the regenerative burner A or B for air preheating In combination with the second high temperature combustion, when the burner A is working, the burner B stores heat, and vice versa, when the burner B is working, the burner A stores heat, and the hot smoke of the second heating chamber enters through the secondary heating flame hole. The high temperature of the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber are transferred into the first heating chamber through the graphite carbon brick, so that the first heating chamber is heated to above 120 CTC, and the first batch of the silo is mixed to the first. Heating in the heating chamber, turning on the three arc electrodes in the first heating chamber, starting to generate the arc once, the mineral in the first heating chamber is heated and heated to 1600-165 CTC to melt, the thermochemical reaction ends one cycle, and the second heating The burner is reduced to a small fire and burned, and the furnace is opened to open the discharge port, and the molten high temperature solution is discharged to the outside of the furnace for cooling. Blocking the discharge port for the second round of charging and smelting. See Figure 8 for a table of the relationship between preheated air temperature and fuel economy.
矿料装入电弧一次加热内胆料仓经高温加热即产生大量一氧化碳、 二氧化碳、 二氧 化硫经蓄热体换热装置引风机引到 A或 B燃烧器蓄热体， 通过换向阀交替蓄热放热进 行二次 140CTC以上高温燃烧减少污染气体排放， 多余的废热烟最后经除尘器处理后排 放。  The mineral material is charged into the arc once and heated. The high temperature heating of the inner tank of the inner tank produces a large amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, which are led to the A or B burner regenerator through the heat storage device of the regenerative heat exchanger, and are alternately stored by the reversing valve. The heat is subjected to high temperature combustion above 140CTC to reduce the emission of polluted gases, and the excess waste heat smoke is finally discharged by the dust collector.
当第一加热室、 第二加热室内的压力过大时， 可打开第一加热室防爆门、 第二加热 室防爆门排放减压。 当可燃烧性废气超过二次废气燃烧室最大燃烧量时， 通过检测指令 自动开启烟窗电动通风阀启动旋风除尘器引风机经旋风除尘器排放过量的可燃气体防 止爆燃， 验测气体在安全燃烧范围内后， 关闭烟窗电动通风阀和旋风除尘器引风机恢复 正常燃烧状态。 蓄热式燃烧器的工作原理 （如图 5所示）： 从鼓风机出来的常温空气由换向阀切换 进入蓄热式燃烧器 B后， 在经过蓄热式燃烧器 B (陶瓷球或蜂窝体） 时被加热， 在极短 时间内常温空气被加热到接近炉膛温度（一般比炉温低 5CT100 °C )， 被加热的高温空气 进入炉膛后， 卷吸周围炉内的烟气形成一股含氧量大大低于 21%的稀薄贫氧高温气流， 同时往稀薄高温空气附近注入燃料（燃油或燃气）， 燃料在贫氧 （2~20%)状态下实现燃 烧； 与此同时， 炉膛内燃烧后的热烟气经过另一个蓄热式燃烧器 A排入大气， 炉膛内高 温热烟气通过蓄热式燃烧器 A时， 将显热储存在蓄热式燃烧器 A内， 然后以低于 150°C 的低温烟气经过换向阀排出。 工作温度不高的换向阀以一定的频率进行切换， 使两个蓄 用的切换周期为 30 〜 200秒 。 When the pressure in the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber is excessively large, the first heating chamber explosion-proof door and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door may be opened for decompression. When the combustible exhaust gas exceeds the maximum combustion amount of the secondary exhaust gas combustion chamber, the combustion window automatically opens the smoke window electric ventilation valve to start the cyclone dust collector, and the cyclone exhaust gas discharges excessive combustible gas to prevent deflagration, and the test gas is safely burned. After the range, close the smoke window electric ventilation valve and the cyclone dust collector to return to normal combustion. The working principle of the regenerative burner (as shown in Fig. 5): The normal temperature air from the blower is switched from the reversing valve to the regenerative burner B, after passing through the regenerative burner B (ceramic ball or honeycomb) When heated, the air at room temperature is heated to near the furnace temperature (usually 5CT100 °C lower than the furnace temperature) in a very short time. After the heated high temperature air enters the furnace, the smoke in the surrounding furnace is formed into a package. The oxygen is much lower than 21% of the lean oxygen-poor high-temperature gas stream, and at the same time, fuel (fuel or gas) is injected near the thin high-temperature air, and the fuel is burned in an oxygen-poor (2-20%) state; at the same time, the furnace is burned. The hot flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through another regenerative burner A. When the high-temperature hot flue gas in the furnace passes through the regenerative burner A, the sensible heat is stored in the regenerative burner A, and then lower than The low temperature flue gas at 150 °C is discharged through the reversing valve. The reversing valve with low operating temperature switches at a certain frequency, so that two The switching period used is 30 to 200 seconds.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1、 一种燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉的加热方法， 其特征是包括下列步骤： 1. A heating method for a gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1 ) 在炉体内设置 2个加热室， 即导热炉胆内为第一加热室， 导热炉胆与外壳之间 为第二加热室， 第一加热室是电极加热， 第二加热室是燃料燃烧加热；  1) Two heating chambers are arranged in the furnace body, that is, the first heating chamber is inside the heat conduction furnace, and the second heating chamber is between the heat conduction furnace and the outer casing, the first heating chamber is electrode heating, and the second heating chamber is fuel combustion. Heating
2 )在导热炉胆壁上均布有热导流孔， 第一加热室和第二加热室通过热导流孔相通; 2) a heat guiding hole is uniformly distributed on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, and the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber are communicated through the heat guiding hole;
3 ) 首先是燃料燃烧对第二加热室加热， 这时电极不工作； 3) First, the fuel is burned to heat the second heating chamber, at which time the electrode does not work;
4) 第二加热室的热量经导热炉胆上的热导流孔进入第一加热室加热；  4) the heat of the second heating chamber is heated into the first heating chamber through the heat guiding hole on the heat conducting furnace;
5) 当第一加热室温度达到设定值时， 电极开始对第一加热室加热；  5) when the temperature of the first heating chamber reaches the set value, the electrode starts to heat the first heating chamber;
6 ) 当第一加热室温度继续升高达到设定值时， 热化学反应一个周期结束， 这时第 二加热室减到小火保温燃烧；  6) When the temperature of the first heating chamber continues to rise to a set value, the thermochemical reaction ends one cycle, at which time the second heating chamber is reduced to a small fire and burned;
7 ) 出料。  7) Discharge.
2、 实现权利要求 1 的加热方法的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是包括电弧 一次加热和燃料燃烧二次加热； 其中  2. A gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace for realizing the heating method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an arc primary heating and a fuel combustion secondary heating;
电弧一次加热包括导热炉胆， 该导热炉胆内部为第一加热室， 其上面设有顶盖， 底 部设有熔料坩锅， 熔料坩锅上面装入物料， 在第一加热室内设有对物料进行加热的电弧 电极， 在导热炉胆壁上还设有倾斜的二次加热火焰孔， 在顶盖上设有自动进料口， 在顶 盖圆周表面上连接有烟道， 该烟道一端连通第一加热室， 另一端连接旋风式振荡余热回 收除尘器；  The primary heating of the arc comprises a heat-conducting furnace, the inside of the heat-conducting furnace is a first heating chamber, a top cover is arranged on the top, a melting crucible is arranged at the bottom, and a material is placed on the crucible crucible, and the first heating chamber is provided The arc electrode for heating the material is further provided with an inclined secondary heating flame hole on the wall of the heat conducting furnace, an automatic feeding port is arranged on the top cover, and a flue is connected on the circumferential surface of the top cover, the flue One end is connected to the first heating chamber, and the other end is connected to a cyclone type oscillating waste heat recovery dust remover;
燃料燃烧二次加热包括在导热炉胆***设有一隔热套，该隔热套与导热炉胆之间的 空间为第二加热室， 在隔热套上设有燃烧器， 该燃烧器向第二加热室内喷射火焰， 燃烧 器与蓄热体连接， 在第二加热室顶面设有隔热层， 在隔热层上面设有炉面工作平台， 在 第二加热室下面设有清灰门， 第二加热室的热烟经二次加热火焰孔进入第一加热室， 第 二加热室的热量经导热炉胆传导给第一加热室加热；  The secondary heating of the fuel comprises: providing a heat insulating sleeve on the periphery of the heat conducting furnace, the space between the heat insulating sleeve and the heat conducting furnace is a second heating chamber, and the burner is provided with a burner, the burner is 2. The indoor flame is sprayed in the heating chamber, the burner is connected with the heat storage body, the heat insulation layer is arranged on the top surface of the second heating chamber, the furnace surface working platform is arranged on the heat insulation layer, and the cleaning door is arranged below the second heating chamber. The hot smoke of the second heating chamber enters the first heating chamber through the secondary heating flame hole, and the heat of the second heating chamber is conducted to the first heating chamber through the heat conducting furnace to heat;
第一加热室和第二加热室的热烟再经燃烧器的热烟出口排出进入蓄热体，再经燃烧 器的热咽气进口被二次燃烧。 The hot smoke of the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber is discharged into the heat storage body through the hot smoke outlet of the burner, and then burned The hot pharyngeal gas inlet is reburned.
3、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的燃烧器包括 燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B， 所述的蓄热体包括蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B; 其中燃烧器 A和燃烧 器 B分别经蓄热体 A、 换向阀和蓄热体 B交替工作， 燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B设有热烟气 进口和热烟气出口， 蓄热体 A和蓄热体 B分别设有热烟气进口和热烟气出口， 其中燃 烧器 A和燃烧器 B的热烟气入口和热烟气出口分别经燃烧器 A和燃烧器 B的热烟气进 口和热烟气出口接换向阀。  3. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein said burner comprises a burner A and a burner B, said heat storage body comprising a heat storage body A and heat storage. Body B; wherein burner A and burner B are alternately operated via regenerator A, reversing valve and regenerator B, respectively, burner A and burner B are provided with hot flue gas inlet and hot flue gas outlet, heat storage The body A and the regenerator B are respectively provided with a hot flue gas inlet and a hot flue gas outlet, wherein the hot flue gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet of the burner A and the burner B respectively pass through the hot smoke of the burner A and the burner B, respectively. The gas inlet and the hot flue gas outlet are connected to the reversing valve.
4、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的燃烧器包括 喷嘴， 该喷嘴上设有点火器、 燃料进口、 热烟气进口、 热烟气出口和法兰， 其中热烟气 出口与第二加热室相通。  4. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the burner comprises a nozzle, the nozzle is provided with an igniter, a fuel inlet, a hot flue gas inlet, a hot flue gas outlet, and a flange, wherein the hot flue gas outlet is in communication with the second heating chamber.
5、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的炉面工作平 台内设有冷水通道对炉面工作平台进行冷却。  5. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the furnace surface working platform is provided with a cold water passage for cooling the working surface of the furnace surface.
6、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的炉面工作平 台上还设有第二加热室防爆门， 该第二加热室防爆门连通第二加热室。  6. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the furnace surface working platform further comprises a second heating chamber explosion-proof door, and the second heating chamber explosion-proof door is connected to the second Heating chamber.
7、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的烟道上还设 有第一加热室防爆门。  7. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the flue is further provided with a first heating chamber explosion-proof door.
8、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的旋风式振荡 余热回收除尘器下端分别设有连接烟道和除尘沉淀池的接烟道口和接沉淀池口，在接烟 道口上方设有除尘喷淋器， 该除尘器上端设有连接除尘室的接除尘室口， 在除尘器上部 还设有预热空气出口， 在除尘器下部还设有预热空气进口和振荡器。  8. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the lower end of the cyclone-type oscillating waste heat recovery dust collector is provided with a flue port and a sediment connected to the flue and the dust-removing sedimentation tank, respectively. At the mouth of the pool, there is a dusting shower above the cigaretteway. The upper end of the dust collector is provided with a dust chamber connecting the dust chamber, and a preheating air outlet is arranged at the upper portion of the dust collector, and a preheating is also provided in the lower portion of the dust collector. Air inlet and oscillator.
9、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的导热炉胆包 括熔料坩锅、 热传导材料胆体和顶盖， 其中熔料坩锅上端连接热传导材料胆体， 热传导 材料胆体上端通过炉面工作平台连接顶盖。  9. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein the heat-conducting furnace comprises a crucible crucible, a heat-conducting material body and a top cover, wherein the upper end of the crucible crucible is connected to heat conduction. The material biliary body, the upper end of the heat transfer material biliary body is connected to the top cover through the working surface of the furnace surface.
10、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的导热炉胆上 部圆周表面还设有人工进料门。 10. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that said heat-conducting furnace The circumferential surface of the section is also provided with a manual feed door.
11、 如权利要求 2所述的燃气电弧双热式高效炼硅炉， 其特征是所述的倾斜的二次 加热火焰孔的倾斜方向为在第一燃烧室的孔口低， 在第二燃烧室的孔口高。 11. The gas arc double-heating high-efficiency silicon-making furnace according to claim 2, wherein said inclined secondary heating flame hole has an inclination direction of a lower opening in the first combustion chamber, and a second combustion The chamber has a high opening.
PCT/CN2012/076264 2011-06-01 2012-05-30 Gas-burning and electric-arc dual-heating high-efficiency silicon refining furnace and heating method thereof WO2012163274A1 (en)

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CN102275927A (en) * 2011-06-01 2011-12-14 邓小宝 Environmentally-friendly energy-saving high-efficiency silicon smelting furnace capable of performing gas combustion heat accumulation utilizing electric arc dual heating and back combustion of exhaust containing residual heat
CN102620565A (en) * 2012-03-21 2012-08-01 深圳市汇能节能投资管理有限公司 High temperature air combustion apparatus of solid fuel
CN106016727A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-10-12 福建南平荣田机械制造有限公司 Double cyclone burning water heater
CN111829341A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-10-27 张同玺 High-speed rail multi-metal zinc ore smelting furnace
CN114576996A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-06-03 苏州华光信息科技有限公司 Ultra-short-distance power supply and closed double-body lifting type electric arc furnace and positioning smelting method

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CN101457305A (en) * 2008-12-31 2009-06-17 邓小宝 Double-burning and double thermal heat storing type energy-saving high efficiency furnace and tank integrated reducing furnace system
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CN202175560U (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-03-28 邓小宝 Gas electric arc double heat type thermal storage waste heat waste gas backdraft environment protection energy conservation efficient silicon refining furnace

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