WO2012159334A1 - Antenna and antenna array - Google Patents

Antenna and antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012159334A1
WO2012159334A1 PCT/CN2011/077309 CN2011077309W WO2012159334A1 WO 2012159334 A1 WO2012159334 A1 WO 2012159334A1 CN 2011077309 W CN2011077309 W CN 2011077309W WO 2012159334 A1 WO2012159334 A1 WO 2012159334A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
rotating member
antenna unit
reference direction
antennas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/077309
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
罗英涛
肖伟宏
艾鸣
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN2011800012272A priority Critical patent/CN102986087A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/077309 priority patent/WO2012159334A1/en
Publication of WO2012159334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012159334A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/01—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and an antenna array. Background technique
  • antennas in base stations are required to flexibly adjust coverage according to application scenarios.
  • Conventional antennas use fixed radiators and reflectors, so they can only cover a fixed range and are no longer sufficient for communication systems.
  • In the field of mobile communications there is an increasing demand for intelligent antennas with adjustable coverage.
  • the antenna with adjustable coverage is composed of a radiator, a reflector and a rotating shaft.
  • Each radiator is connected to a reflector, and the reflector is connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can drive the radiator and the reflector together.
  • Rotate The azimuth of the antenna is changed by rotating the radiator and the reflector, that is, changing the direction of coverage of the antenna. For example, by rotating the radiator and reflector 180 degrees, the direction of the energy maximum in the coverage is adjusted from positive south to true north.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna capable of changing a horizontal wave width to improve an adjustable performance of an antenna.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide an antenna array that can change the horizontal wave width to improve the adjustable performance of the antenna.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups; the at least two antenna unit groups are sequentially disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; Position changing in a second reference direction of the first reference direction such that orthographic projections of the at least two antenna groups in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap or deviate from each other.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna array, including: at least two antennas, and the at least two antennas are arranged in a predetermined manner;
  • At least one of the at least two antennas includes: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups;
  • the at least two antenna element groups are sequentially disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; the second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction is changed in position such that the at least two antenna element groups are The orthographic projections in the plane perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap each other or are mutually offset from the above technical solution.
  • at least two antenna unit groups are disposed in the antenna, and the moving mechanism causes the at least two antenna units At least one antenna element group in the group is changed in position along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction, thereby adjusting the direction of coverage of each antenna element group by adjusting the rotation direction and the rotation angle, thereby superimposing The coverage is adjusted afterwards.
  • FIG. 1(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 1(b) is a schematic structural view of a second antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • (C) is a schematic diagram of coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • (c) is a schematic diagram of coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (a) is a schematic structural view of a first antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (b) is a schematic structural view of a second antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiments of the present invention first provide an antenna including a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups.
  • the at least two antenna element groups are disposed along the first reference direction in the second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction of the mobile unit tuple to change the at least two antenna units.
  • the moving mechanism is configured to allow at least one antenna unit group of the at least two antenna element groups to be positioned along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction Changing, such that at least one of the at least two antenna element groups and the other of the at least two antenna element groups are orthographically projected in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction Overlapping or deviating from each other.
  • the moving mechanism is configured to allow at least one of the at least two antenna element groups to be converted between the first state and the second state along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction At least one of the at least two antenna element groups in the first state and the other of the at least two antenna element groups are perpendicular to the first reference direction
  • the orthographic projections in the plane overlap each other, and at least one of the at least two antenna element groups is offset from the in-plane orthographic projection in the second state.
  • the second reference direction is located in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction.
  • the antenna unit sequentially arranged along the first reference direction is allowed to change position along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction by using a moving mechanism, thereby allowing the at least two antenna unit groups to be allowed.
  • the at least one antenna element group and the other antenna element groups of the at least two antenna element groups overlap each other in an orthogonal projection in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction, thereby improving the adjustable performance of the antenna.
  • FIG. 1( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1(a) is a plan view of the antenna.
  • the antenna comprises: at least two antenna unit groups and a moving mechanism, the moving mechanism being composed of a first rotating member and a second rotating member.
  • the first rotating member is rotatable relative to the second rotating member.
  • the first rotating member and the second rotating member have the same or parallel axis of rotation.
  • the antenna elements of the at least one antenna unit group are disposed on the first rotating member through the reflecting plate, and the antenna unit of the at least one other antenna unit group is disposed on the second rotating member through the reflecting plate.
  • the first rotating member and the second rotating member are both rotating shafts.
  • Each antenna element group includes at least one antenna unit. At least two days above Arranged alternately along the first reference direction described above.
  • the antenna includes: two antenna unit groups and two rotating shafts.
  • the two antenna element groups are respectively: a first antenna unit group and a second antenna unit group. Only one first antenna unit 11 is included in the first antenna unit group; and only one second antenna unit 12 is included in the second antenna unit group.
  • the two rotating shafts are: a first rotating shaft 21 and a second rotating shaft 22, respectively.
  • the first reference direction is an axial direction of the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22.
  • the first antenna unit group or the second antenna unit group may be positionally changed along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis 21 axis or the second rotation axis 22 axis, the second reference direction being perpendicular to the first rotation
  • the shaft 21 is axial or in the plane of the axial direction of the second rotary shaft 22.
  • the orthographic projections of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 21 or the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 22 may overlap or deviate from each other.
  • each antenna element group of the antenna is connected to one rotating shaft, and different antenna unit components are connected to different rotating shafts.
  • the antenna unit group is rotated by the rotation axis of its connection.
  • the first antenna unit group is connected to the first rotating shaft 21 , that is, the first antenna unit 11 is connected to the first rotating shaft 21
  • the first rotating shaft 21 is connected to the first rotating shaft 21 .
  • the second antenna unit group is connected to the second rotating shaft 22, that is, the second antenna unit 12 is connected to the second rotating shaft 22, and when the second rotating shaft 22 rotates, the second antenna unit 12 in the second antenna unit group is driven. Rotation.
  • each antenna unit includes: a reflector and at least one radiator.
  • the reflector is connected to the radiator of the antenna unit in which it is located, and is connected to a rotating shaft corresponding to the antenna unit group.
  • the first antenna unit 11 includes: a reflection plate 111 and a radiator 112.
  • the reflector 111 is connected to the radiator 112 of the first antenna unit 11, and is connected to the rotation shaft 21 corresponding to the first antenna unit group.
  • the second antenna unit 12 includes: A reflector 121 and a radiator 122.
  • the reflector 121 is connected to the radiator 122 of the second antenna unit 12, and is connected to the rotating shaft 22 corresponding to the second antenna unit group.
  • the reflecting plate 121 and the radiator 122 that drive the second antenna unit 12 rotate accordingly.
  • each antenna unit of the antenna may further include: at least one partition.
  • the spacer is disposed between adjacent antenna units for mutual coupling isolation of adjacent antenna units. Specifically, the spacer is connected to the reflector of the antenna unit, and the antenna unit and the adjacent antenna unit are mutually coupled and isolated.
  • the first antenna unit 11 may include a partition 113 connected to the reflector 111 , parallel to the radiator 112 , and disposed at the second antenna unit 12 of the first antenna unit 11 . On one side, mutual coupling isolation is performed between the first antenna unit 11 and the adjacent second antenna unit 12, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • a spacer 123 may also be included in the second antenna unit 12.
  • the antenna may further include a driving device.
  • the driving device is configured to drive the first rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate, or to drive the second rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate, or to drive the first rotating member and the second rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate.
  • At least two rotating axes of the antenna are concentric axes, and each of the rotating shafts respectively drives an antenna unit group connected thereto.
  • the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are concentric axes.
  • the antenna shown in Fig. 1(a) is a case where the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are concentric. Further, in Fig. 1(a), the same radius of the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 is taken as an example.
  • Fig. 1 (b) is a schematic structural view of a second type of antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1 (b), the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 may be arranged side by side.
  • the other structures of the antenna in Figure 1 (b) are the same as those in Figure 1 (a), and will not be described here.
  • the antenna may further include: a radome 30.
  • the antenna unit group and the above-described rotating shaft are both disposed in the radome 30.
  • the structure of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
  • the working principle of the antenna will be described below through two specific embodiments.
  • the rotation angle is the same, the working principle of the antenna will be described.
  • the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group have different rotation directions and the same rotation angles, that is, the rotation directions of the first antenna unit 11 and the second antenna unit 12 are different and the rotation angle is the same.
  • 2(a) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • 2(b) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a second antenna unit group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the rotation angle is 25 degrees. In practical applications, the angle is not limited to the angle, and the specific rotation angle may be determined according to actual needs.
  • the rotation axis in the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground as an example.
  • Figs. 2(a) and 2(b) show the projection of the antenna in the horizontal plane. Referring to Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b), the direction of the energy maximum of the coverage before the rotation is recorded as 0 degree, the first antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the left, and the second antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the right. . As shown in FIG. 2(a) and FIG.
  • the shape of the coverage formed by the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group is the same, since the rotation directions of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different. Therefore, the coverage of the two is different.
  • the coverage of the antenna is the superposition of the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Therefore, the coverage of the antenna of the second embodiment of the present invention is the superposition of FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 2 (b).
  • the coverage after superposition is shown in Figure 2 (c).
  • 2(c) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
  • the shape of the coverage of the antenna obtained after superposition is changed, that is, the horizontal wave width of the antenna is changed, compared to the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Due to the rotation of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group The opposite directions and the same rotation angles, so the maximum energy of the superimposed coverage still points to 0 degrees, the same as before the rotation, that is, the direction angle of the antenna does not change. It can be seen that when the rotation directions of the at least two antenna element groups in the antenna are different and the rotation angle is the same, the direction angle of the antenna can be changed and the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be changed. In the same case, the working principle of the antenna will be described.
  • the rotation angles of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different, that is, the rotation angles of the first antenna unit 11 and the second antenna unit 12 are different.
  • 3(a) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram showing a coverage range of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the rotation angle is 25 degrees. In practical applications, the angle is not limited to the angle, and the specific rotation angle may be determined according to actual needs.
  • the rotation axis in the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground as an example.
  • Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show the projection of the coverage of the antenna on a horizontal plane.
  • the direction of the energy maximum of the coverage before the rotation is recorded as 0 degree
  • the first antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the right
  • the second antenna unit group is not rotated, that is, The energy maximum of the coverage of the second antenna unit points to 0 degrees.
  • the shape of the coverage formed by the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group is the same, since the rotation directions of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different. Therefore, the coverage of the two is different.
  • FIG. 3(c) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3(c), the shape of the coverage of the antenna obtained after superposition is changed, that is, the horizontal wave width of the antenna is changed, compared to the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group.
  • the orientation of the energy maximum with the coverage of the second antenna element group is asymmetric with respect to 0 degrees, so the energy maximum of the superimposed coverage region also rotates with respect to 0 degrees, that is, the direction angle of the antenna also changes.
  • the rotation angles of the at least two antenna element groups in the antenna are different, the direction angle and the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be simultaneously changed regardless of whether the rotation directions of the two are the same.
  • the shape and direction of the coverage of all antenna element groups are completely identical, and the energy maximum points are rotated by the same angle with respect to the 0 degree direction, so the superposed antenna is
  • the pointing of the energy maximum of the coverage also rotates the angle with respect to the 0 degree direction, that is, the azimuth angle changes, but the shape of the superimposed coverage does not change, that is, the horizontal wave width does not change. From this, the direction angle of the antenna can be changed and the horizontal wave width of the antenna does not change.
  • At least two antenna unit groups are disposed in the antenna, and the coverage of the antenna is a result of superimposition of coverage of each antenna unit group.
  • Each antenna element group is rotated by two rotating shafts respectively, and the direction of coverage of each antenna unit group is adjusted by adjusting the rotation direction and the rotation angle, thereby adjusting the superimposed coverage range.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the antenna at least two antenna elements are included in each antenna element group.
  • two antenna element groups are still included in the antenna, that is, a first antenna unit group and a second antenna unit group.
  • the first antenna unit group includes three first antenna units 11 , and all of the first antenna units 11 are connected to the first rotating shaft 21 and can be rotated by the first rotating shaft 21 .
  • the second antenna unit group includes three second antenna units 12, All of the second antenna units 12 are connected to the second rotating shaft 22, and the bands of the second rotating shaft 22 are the same as those of the antenna unit of the first embodiment of the present invention, and are not mentioned here.
  • only the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are arranged side by side as an example, and the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 may also be concentric axes.
  • the antenna of the fourth embodiment of the present invention belongs to the first antenna unit 11 of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna of the second antenna unit group.
  • Units 12 are alternately arranged.
  • the manner of alternate arrangement may include the following two.
  • the first way of alternately arranging is: The number of antenna elements belonging to different antenna element groups is alternately arranged.
  • the order of arrangement of the respective antenna elements is: first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, second Antenna unit....
  • the order of arrangement of the antenna elements is: first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, and An antenna unit, a second antenna unit, a second antenna unit, ....
  • two adjacent antenna elements belonging to the same antenna unit group may be disposed on the same reflector, that is, each reflector has two antenna unit groups in the array direction.
  • Antenna unit For example, in the above arrangement, the first two first antenna units are located on the first reflecting plate, and the next two second antenna units are located on the second reflecting plate, and so on.
  • the order of arrangement of the antenna elements is: first antenna unit, second antenna unit, third antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, third antenna unit And a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and a third antenna unit.
  • the second way of alternately arranging is: unequal numbers of antenna elements belonging to different antenna element groups are alternately arranged.
  • the order of arrangement of the respective antenna elements is: first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second Antenna unit...
  • the specific manner of alternately arranging may also adopt other methods, and is not limited to the above two.
  • each antenna unit group includes at least two antenna units, which increases the power of the antenna, so that a plurality of antenna units can be simultaneously adjusted by adjusting the rotating shaft, thereby improving the high-power antenna. Adjust performance.
  • the antenna elements of different antenna unit groups are alternately arranged, so that the radiation field distribution of the antenna is more uniform, and the coverage effect of the antenna is improved.
  • FIG. 5( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5(a), in the antenna, the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit is two. The other structure of the antenna is the same as that of the first antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1(a), and will not be further described herein.
  • FIG. 5(b) is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 5(b), in the antenna, the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit is two.
  • the other components of the antenna are the same as those of the second antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1(b), and are not mentioned here.
  • the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit of the antenna may be greater than two.
  • the radiators may be arranged in an array of any form.
  • the number of radiators in the antenna unit is increased by two or more, so that the horizontal wave width of the antenna is narrowed, the gain of the antenna is increased, and the power of the antenna is increased, thereby enabling
  • the adjustable performance of the high power antenna is improved by adjusting the rotating shaft while rotating a larger number of radiators.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides that the antennas in the foregoing embodiments may be used to form an antenna array, or the antennas in the foregoing embodiments are used in the prior art.
  • Any form of antenna constitutes an antenna array.
  • the antenna array includes: at least two antennas.
  • the antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is used for at least one antenna.
  • the operating frequencies of all the antennas of the antenna array may be different.
  • at least two of the antennas of the antenna array have the same operating frequency, and specifically include the following two situations: 1.
  • All antennas in the array operate at the same frequency. 2. Two or more antennas in the antenna array have the same operating frequency, for example, both are the first operating frequency, and the remaining antennas are not operating at the first operating frequency. Moreover, in an antenna whose working frequency is not the first working frequency: all antennas may have the same operating frequency, for example, the second operating frequency; or the operating frequencies may be different; and the operating frequencies of some of the antennas may be the same, and the rest The working frequency is different.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the antenna array includes: three antennas 61.
  • the at least one antenna 61 is an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the antennas of the first embodiment of the present invention and the antennas of the fifth embodiment of the present invention are used as an example.
  • the internal structure of each antenna 61 is the same as that of the antenna according to Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • the three antennas are 61-way annularly distributed. As shown in FIG.
  • each of the antennas 61 includes two concentric rotating shafts as an example, and the center of the rotating shaft portion of each antenna 61 is a cross section of the two concentric rotating shafts on a vertical plane.
  • the center of the formed pattern is the common axis of the two concentric axes of rotation.
  • the axes of the rotation axes of the three antennas 61 constitute three vertices of an equilateral triangle.
  • a plurality of antennas according to Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention are combined into an antenna array, and three antennas are combined according to a ring distribution, thereby achieving radiation coverage in a 360-degree range. Adjusting the coverage of one or more antennas in the array, adjusting the coverage of the antenna array, thus improving the adjustable performance of the 360-degree covered antenna array.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • the antenna array includes: two antennas 71.
  • the at least one antenna 71 is an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the antennas according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the fifth embodiment of the present invention are used as an example.
  • each antenna 71 The internal structure is the same as the antenna described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • the two antennas 71 are arranged side by side.
  • the antennas according to the first embodiment of the present invention to the fifth embodiment of the present invention are combined into an antenna array, and the two antennas are combined in a parallel arrangement, thereby expanding the radiation coverage range, and adjusting the coverage in the array.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiments of the present invention relate to an antenna and an antenna array. The antenna comprises a motion mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups. The antenna unit group is set on the motion mechanism along a first reference direction, the motion mechanism allows at least one antenna unit group to change location along a second reference direction which perpendicular to the first reference direction, the orthographs of the antenna unit group and other antenna unit groups in a plane which perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap each other or shift from each other. Using the antenna and antenna array provided by the present invention, the azimuth angle and/or the horizontal beam width can be adjusted, thereby the tunable performance of the antenna is improved.

Description

天线和天线阵列 技术领域  Antenna and antenna array
本发明实施例涉及移动通信技术， 特别涉及一种天线和天线阵列。 背景技术  Embodiments of the present invention relate to mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and an antenna array. Background technique
随着移动通信技术的发展， 需要基站中的天线能够根据应用场景灵活地 调整覆盖范围。 传统的天线采用固定的辐射器和反射板， 因此只能覆盖一个 固定的范围， 已经不能满足通信***的需要。 在移动通信领域中， 对于覆盖 范围可调的智能化天线的需求越来越强。  With the development of mobile communication technologies, antennas in base stations are required to flexibly adjust coverage according to application scenarios. Conventional antennas use fixed radiators and reflectors, so they can only cover a fixed range and are no longer sufficient for communication systems. In the field of mobile communications, there is an increasing demand for intelligent antennas with adjustable coverage.
目前， 覆盖范围可调的天线由辐射器、 反射板和一个旋转轴组成， 每个 辐射器连接一个反射板， 反射板连接在该旋转轴上， 该旋转轴能够带动上述 辐射器和反射板共同旋转。 通过旋转辐射器和反射板改变该天线的方位角， 即改变该天线的覆盖范围的方向。例如，通过将辐射器和反射板旋转 180度， 将覆盖范围中能量最大值的方向从正南调整为正北。  At present, the antenna with adjustable coverage is composed of a radiator, a reflector and a rotating shaft. Each radiator is connected to a reflector, and the reflector is connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can drive the radiator and the reflector together. Rotate. The azimuth of the antenna is changed by rotating the radiator and the reflector, that is, changing the direction of coverage of the antenna. For example, by rotating the radiator and reflector 180 degrees, the direction of the energy maximum in the coverage is adjusted from positive south to true north.
但是， 上述现有的天线只能改变天线的方位角， 并不能改变天线的水平 波宽， 因此只能将天线的覆盖范围以相同的形状更换到不同的方向， 而无法 改变其覆盖范围的形状， 天线的可调性能差。 发明内容  However, the above existing antenna can only change the azimuth of the antenna, and cannot change the horizontal wave width of the antenna. Therefore, the coverage of the antenna can only be changed to different directions in the same shape, and the shape of the coverage cannot be changed. The adjustable performance of the antenna is poor. Summary of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种可改变水平波宽从而提高天线的可调性能天线。 本发明实施例还提供一种可改变水平波宽从而提高天线的可调性能天线 阵列。  Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna capable of changing a horizontal wave width to improve an adjustable performance of an antenna. Embodiments of the present invention also provide an antenna array that can change the horizontal wave width to improve the adjustable performance of the antenna.
本发明实施例提供了一种天线， 包括： 移动机构和至少两个天线单元组； 所述至少两个天线单元组沿第一参考方向依次设置在所述移动机构上； 所述 于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 以使所述至少两个天线单 组在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的正投影相互重叠或者相互偏离。 An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups; the at least two antenna unit groups are sequentially disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; Position changing in a second reference direction of the first reference direction such that orthographic projections of the at least two antenna groups in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap or deviate from each other.
本发明实施例还提供了一种天线阵列， 包括： 至少两个天线， 所述至少 两个天线按照预定方式排列；  An embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna array, including: at least two antennas, and the at least two antennas are arranged in a predetermined manner;
所述至少两个天线中的至少一个天线包括： 移动机构和至少两个天线单 元组；  At least one of the at least two antennas includes: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups;
所述至少两个天线单元组沿第一参考方向依次设置在所述移动机构上； 垂直于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 以使所述至少两个天 线单元组在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的正投影相互重叠或者相互偏 由上述技术方案可知，本发明实施例在天线中设置至少两个天线单元组， 移动机构使得所述至少两个天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组沿垂直于第 一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化，， 从而通过调整旋转方向和旋转角 度， 对各个天线单元组的覆盖范围的方向进行调整， 从而对叠加后的覆盖范 围进行调整。 通过不同方向的覆盖范围的叠加， 不仅能够单独调整天线的方 位角， 而且还能够单独调整天线的水平波宽， 并且还能够对天线的方位角和 水平波宽同时进行调整， 从而提高了天线的可调性能。 附图说明  The at least two antenna element groups are sequentially disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; the second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction is changed in position such that the at least two antenna element groups are The orthographic projections in the plane perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap each other or are mutually offset from the above technical solution. In the embodiment of the present invention, at least two antenna unit groups are disposed in the antenna, and the moving mechanism causes the at least two antenna units At least one antenna element group in the group is changed in position along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction, thereby adjusting the direction of coverage of each antenna element group by adjusting the rotation direction and the rotation angle, thereby superimposing The coverage is adjusted afterwards. By superimposing the coverage in different directions, not only the azimuth of the antenna can be individually adjusted, but also the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be individually adjusted, and the azimuth and horizontal wave width of the antenna can be simultaneously adjusted, thereby improving the antenna. Adjustable performance. DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案， 下面将对实 施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面 描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。 图 1 (a)为本发明实施例一的第一种天线的结构示意图； In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work. 1(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图 1 (b)为本发明实施例一的第二种天线的结构示意图；  1(b) is a schematic structural view of a second antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图 2 (a)为本发明实施例二的天线的第一天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图； 图 2 (b)为本发明实施例二的天线的第二天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图； 图 2 (C)为本发明实施例二的天线的覆盖范围示意图；  2(a) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; (C) is a schematic diagram of coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图 3 (a)为本发明实施例三的天线的第一天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图； 图 3 (b)为本发明实施例三的天线的第二天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图； 图 3 (c)为本发明实施例三的天线的覆盖范围示意图；  3(a) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of coverage of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; (c) is a schematic diagram of coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图 4为本发明实施例四的天线的结构示意图；  4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图 5 (a)为本发明实施例五的的第一种天线的结构示意图；  Figure 5 (a) is a schematic structural view of a first antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention;
图 5 (b)为本发明实施例五的第二种天线的结构示意图；  Figure 5 (b) is a schematic structural view of a second antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention;
图 6为本发明实施例六的天线阵列的结构示意图；  6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention;
图 7为本发明实施例七的天线阵列的结构示意图。 具体实施方式  FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而 不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。  The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例首先提供一种天线， 该天线包括移动机构和至少两个天线 单元组。 其中， 所述至少两个天线单元组沿第一参考方向设置在所述移动机 元组沿垂直于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 以改变所述至 少两个天线单元组所在的天线的水平波宽。  Embodiments of the present invention first provide an antenna including a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups. The at least two antenna element groups are disposed along the first reference direction in the second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction of the mobile unit tuple to change the at least two antenna units. The horizontal wave width of the antenna where the group is located.
具体地， 在上述天线中， 所述移动机构用以允许所述至少两个天线单元 组中的至少一个天线单元组沿垂直于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位 置变化， 以使所述至少两个天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组与所述至少 两个天线单元组中的其他天线单元组在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的 正投影相互重叠或者相互偏离。 例如： 所述移动机构用以允许所述至少两个 天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组沿着垂直于所述第一参考方向的第二参 考方向在第一状态及第二状态间相互转换， 其中所述至少两个天线单元组中 的至少一个天线单元组在所述第一状态下与所述至少两个天线单元组中的其 他天线单元组在与所述的第一参考方向垂直的平面内的正投影相互重叠， 所 述至少两个天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组在所述的第二状态下与所述 面内的正投影相互偏离。 所述的第二参考方向位于垂直于所述第一参考方向 的平面内。 Specifically, in the above antenna, the moving mechanism is configured to allow at least one antenna unit group of the at least two antenna element groups to be positioned along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction Changing, such that at least one of the at least two antenna element groups and the other of the at least two antenna element groups are orthographically projected in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction Overlapping or deviating from each other. For example: the moving mechanism is configured to allow at least one of the at least two antenna element groups to be converted between the first state and the second state along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction At least one of the at least two antenna element groups in the first state and the other of the at least two antenna element groups are perpendicular to the first reference direction The orthographic projections in the plane overlap each other, and at least one of the at least two antenna element groups is offset from the in-plane orthographic projection in the second state. The second reference direction is located in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction.
本发明实施例中通过移动机构来允许沿第一参考方向依次设置的天线单 元沿垂直于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 从而可以允许所 述至少两个天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组与所述至少两个天线单元组 中的其他天线单元组在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的正投影相互重叠 够发生改变， 从而提升天线的可调性能。  In the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna unit sequentially arranged along the first reference direction is allowed to change position along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction by using a moving mechanism, thereby allowing the at least two antenna unit groups to be allowed. The at least one antenna element group and the other antenna element groups of the at least two antenna element groups overlap each other in an orthogonal projection in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction, thereby improving the adjustable performance of the antenna.
具体地， 请参阅图 1 ( a ), 为本发明实施例一的第一种天线的结构示意图。 在该天线垂直地面设置的情况下， 图 1 ( a ) 为该天线的俯视图。 该天线包括： 至少两个天线单元组和移动机构， 该移动机构由第一旋转件及第二旋转件组 成。 其中， 第一旋转件可相对于第二旋转件转动。 第一旋转件及第二旋转件 具有相同的或者互相平行的旋转轴心线。 至少一个天线单元组的天线单元通 过反射板设置在第一旋转件上， 至少另一个天线单元组的天线单元通过反射 板设置在第二旋转件上。 在本发明实施例一中， 第一旋转件和第二旋转件均 为旋转轴。 其中， 每个天线单元组包括至少一个天线单元。 上述至少两个天 沿上述的第一参考方向交替排列。 在本发明实施例一中， 仅以天线单元组的 数量为两个， 旋转轴的数量为两个， 且每个天线单元组内的天线单元的数量 为一个为例。 如图 1 ( a )所示， 在本发明实施例一中， 该天线包括： 两个天 线单元组和两个旋转轴。 上述两个天线单元组分别为： 第一天线单元组和第 二天线单元组。 第一天线单元组中只包括一个第一天线单元 11 ; 第二天线单 元组中只包括一个第二天线单元 12。 两个旋转轴分别为： 第一旋转轴 21和 第二旋转轴 22。 在本发明实施例一中， 上述第一参考方向为第一旋转轴 21 和第二旋转轴 22的轴向。第一天线单元组或第二天线单元组可以沿垂直于第 一旋转轴 21轴向或第二旋转轴 22轴向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 该第二 参考方向位于垂直于第一旋转轴 21轴向或第二旋转轴 22轴向的平面内。 第 一天线单元组与第二天线单元组在垂直于第一旋转轴 21 轴向或第二旋转轴 22轴向的平面内的正投影可以相互重叠或者相互偏离。 Specifically, please refer to FIG. 1( a ), which is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the case where the antenna is placed vertically on the ground, Fig. 1(a) is a plan view of the antenna. The antenna comprises: at least two antenna unit groups and a moving mechanism, the moving mechanism being composed of a first rotating member and a second rotating member. Wherein, the first rotating member is rotatable relative to the second rotating member. The first rotating member and the second rotating member have the same or parallel axis of rotation. The antenna elements of the at least one antenna unit group are disposed on the first rotating member through the reflecting plate, and the antenna unit of the at least one other antenna unit group is disposed on the second rotating member through the reflecting plate. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first rotating member and the second rotating member are both rotating shafts. Each antenna element group includes at least one antenna unit. At least two days above Arranged alternately along the first reference direction described above. In the first embodiment of the present invention, only the number of antenna unit groups is two, the number of rotating axes is two, and the number of antenna units in each antenna unit group is one. As shown in FIG. 1( a ), in the first embodiment of the present invention, the antenna includes: two antenna unit groups and two rotating shafts. The two antenna element groups are respectively: a first antenna unit group and a second antenna unit group. Only one first antenna unit 11 is included in the first antenna unit group; and only one second antenna unit 12 is included in the second antenna unit group. The two rotating shafts are: a first rotating shaft 21 and a second rotating shaft 22, respectively. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first reference direction is an axial direction of the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22. The first antenna unit group or the second antenna unit group may be positionally changed along a second reference direction perpendicular to the first rotation axis 21 axis or the second rotation axis 22 axis, the second reference direction being perpendicular to the first rotation The shaft 21 is axial or in the plane of the axial direction of the second rotary shaft 22. The orthographic projections of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 21 or the axial direction of the second rotating shaft 22 may overlap or deviate from each other.
具体地， 天线的每个天线单元组连接一个旋转轴， 不同的天线单元组分 别连接不同的旋转轴。 天线单元组在其连接的旋转轴的带动下旋转。 如图 1 ( a ) 所示， 在本发明实施例一中， 第一天线单元组与第一旋转轴 21连接， 即第一天线单元 11与第一旋转轴 21连接， 在第一旋转轴 21旋转时， 带动 第一天线单元组中的第一天线单元 11随之旋转。第二天线单元组与第二旋转 轴 22连接， 即第二天线单元 12与第二旋转轴 22连接， 在第二旋转轴 22旋 转时， 带动第二天线单元组中的第二天线单元 12随之旋转。  Specifically, each antenna element group of the antenna is connected to one rotating shaft, and different antenna unit components are connected to different rotating shafts. The antenna unit group is rotated by the rotation axis of its connection. As shown in FIG. 1( a ), in the first embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna unit group is connected to the first rotating shaft 21 , that is, the first antenna unit 11 is connected to the first rotating shaft 21 , and the first rotating shaft 21 is connected to the first rotating shaft 21 . When rotating, the first antenna unit 11 in the first antenna unit group is driven to rotate. The second antenna unit group is connected to the second rotating shaft 22, that is, the second antenna unit 12 is connected to the second rotating shaft 22, and when the second rotating shaft 22 rotates, the second antenna unit 12 in the second antenna unit group is driven. Rotation.
具体地， 在天线中， 每个天线单元包括： 一个反射板和至少一个辐射器。 该反射板连接所在天线单元的上述辐射器， 并连接所在天线单元组对应的旋 转轴。 在本发明实施例一中， 仅以每个天线单元中辐射器的数量为一个为例。 如图 1 ( a )所示， 在本发明实施例一中， 第一天线单元 11 包括： 一个反射 板 111和一个辐射器 112。 反射板 111连接第一天线单元 11的辐射器 112, 并连接第一天线单元组对应的旋转轴 21。 在第一旋转轴 21旋转时， 带动第 一天线单元 11的反射板 111和辐射器 112随之旋转。第二天线单元 12包括： 一个反射板 121和一个辐射器 122。 反射板 121连接第二天线单元 12的辐 射器 122, 并连接第二天线单元组对应的旋转轴 22。 在第二旋转轴 22旋转 时， 带动第二天线单元 12的反射板 121和辐射器 122随之旋转。 Specifically, in the antenna, each antenna unit includes: a reflector and at least one radiator. The reflector is connected to the radiator of the antenna unit in which it is located, and is connected to a rotating shaft corresponding to the antenna unit group. In the first embodiment of the present invention, only one of the number of radiators in each antenna unit is taken as an example. As shown in FIG. 1(a), in the first embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna unit 11 includes: a reflection plate 111 and a radiator 112. The reflector 111 is connected to the radiator 112 of the first antenna unit 11, and is connected to the rotation shaft 21 corresponding to the first antenna unit group. When the first rotating shaft 21 rotates, the reflecting plate 111 and the radiator 112 that drive the first antenna unit 11 rotate accordingly. The second antenna unit 12 includes: A reflector 121 and a radiator 122. The reflector 121 is connected to the radiator 122 of the second antenna unit 12, and is connected to the rotating shaft 22 corresponding to the second antenna unit group. When the second rotating shaft 22 rotates, the reflecting plate 121 and the radiator 122 that drive the second antenna unit 12 rotate accordingly.
在上述技术方案的基础上， 优选的， 该天线的每个天线单元中还可以进 一步包括： 至少一个隔板。 该隔板设置在相邻的天线单元之间， 用以将相邻 天线单元进行互耦隔离。 具体地， 该隔板连接所在天线单元的反射板， 对所 在天线单元与相邻天线单元进行互耦隔离。 如图 1 ( a )所示， 第一天线单元 11 中可以包括隔板 113, 该隔板 113连接反射板 111 , 与辐射器 112平行， 设置在第一天线单元 11的朝向第二天线单元 12的一侧，在第一天线单元 11 与相邻的第二天线单元 12之间进行互耦隔离，从而提高天线的辐射性能。第 二天线单元 12中也可以包括隔板 123。  Based on the above technical solution, preferably, each antenna unit of the antenna may further include: at least one partition. The spacer is disposed between adjacent antenna units for mutual coupling isolation of adjacent antenna units. Specifically, the spacer is connected to the reflector of the antenna unit, and the antenna unit and the adjacent antenna unit are mutually coupled and isolated. As shown in FIG. 1( a ), the first antenna unit 11 may include a partition 113 connected to the reflector 111 , parallel to the radiator 112 , and disposed at the second antenna unit 12 of the first antenna unit 11 . On one side, mutual coupling isolation is performed between the first antenna unit 11 and the adjacent second antenna unit 12, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna. A spacer 123 may also be included in the second antenna unit 12.
在上述技术方案的基础上， 优选的， 该天线中还可以包括一个驱动装置。 该驱动装置用于驱动上述移动机构的第一旋转件转动， 或驱动上述移动机构 的第二旋转件转动， 或驱动上述移动机构的第一旋转件及第二旋转件转动。  Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the antenna may further include a driving device. The driving device is configured to drive the first rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate, or to drive the second rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate, or to drive the first rotating member and the second rotating member of the moving mechanism to rotate.
在上述技术方案的基础上， 天线的至少两个旋转轴为同心轴， 每个旋转 轴分别带动与之相连的天线单元组。 例如， 在本发明实施例一的技术方案的 基础上， 第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22为同心轴。 图 1 ( a )所示的天线即 为第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22为同心轴的情况。 并且， 在图 1 ( a ) 中， 以第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22的半径相同为例。  Based on the above technical solution, at least two rotating axes of the antenna are concentric axes, and each of the rotating shafts respectively drives an antenna unit group connected thereto. For example, based on the technical solution of the first embodiment of the present invention, the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are concentric axes. The antenna shown in Fig. 1(a) is a case where the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are concentric. Further, in Fig. 1(a), the same radius of the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 is taken as an example.
或者， 在上述技术方案的基础上， 天线的至少两个旋转轴按照阵列形式 排列。 该阵列形式可以为以下几种： 并排排列、 行列排列、 环形排列等， 但 并不限于上述几种形式。 图 1 ( b )为本发明实施例一的第二种天线的结构示 意图。 如图 1 ( b )所示， 第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22可以并排排列。 图 1 ( b ) 中天线的其它结构均与图 1 ( a ) 中的天线相同， 在此不再赘述。  Alternatively, based on the above technical solution, at least two rotating axes of the antenna are arranged in an array form. The array form may be the following: side by side arrangement, row arrangement, circular arrangement, etc., but is not limited to the above several forms. Fig. 1 (b) is a schematic structural view of a second type of antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1 (b), the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 may be arranged side by side. The other structures of the antenna in Figure 1 (b) are the same as those in Figure 1 (a), and will not be described here.
可以理解， 上述的通过第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22来实现所述天线 单元组之间相对位置状态的变化仅为本发明提供的一个实施例， 本领域技术 人员可以根据需求将所述的移动机构设置为直线平移结构， 即所述天线单元 组之间的相对位置状态的变化是沿一参考方向上的相互错位， 如此同样可以 在上述技术方案的基础上， 该天线还可以包括： 天线罩 30。 上述天线单 元组和上述旋转轴均设置在天线罩 30中。 It can be understood that the above-mentioned change of the relative position state between the antenna unit groups by the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 is only one embodiment provided by the present invention. The person can set the moving mechanism as a linear translation structure according to requirements, that is, the change of the relative position state between the antenna element groups is mutual misalignment along a reference direction, so that the same can be based on the above technical solution. The antenna may further include: a radome 30. The antenna unit group and the above-described rotating shaft are both disposed in the radome 30.
以上对本发明实施例一的天线的结构进行了介绍， 以下通过两个具体实 施例对该天线的工作原理进行说明。 同且旋转角度相同的情况下， 对该天线的工作原理进行说明。 采用本发明实施 例一的天线， 第一天线单元组与第二天线单元组的旋转方向不同且旋转角度相 同，即第一天线单元 11与第二天线单元 12的旋转方向不同且旋转角度相同。 图 2 (a)为本发明实施例二的天线的第一天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图。 图 2 (b)为本发明实施例二的天线的第二天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图。在本实施 例中， 以旋转角度为 25度为例， 在实际应用中， 并不局限于该角度， 可以根据 实际的需要确定具体的旋转角度。 在本实施例中， 以该天线中的旋转轴垂直于 地面放置为例予以说明， 图 2 (a)和图 2 (b)所示为天线的覆盖范围在水平 面上的投影。 参见图 2 (a)和图 2 (b), 以旋转前覆盖范围的能量最大值的指 向记为 0度，第一天线单元组向左旋转 25度，第二天线单元组向右旋转 25度。 如图 2 (a)和图 2 (b)所示， 第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组形成的覆盖 范围的形状相同， 由于第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组的旋转方向不同， 因 此二者的覆盖范围的方向不同。 该天线的最终覆盖范围为第一天线单元组与第 二天线单元组的覆盖范围的叠加， 因此本发明实施例二的天线的覆盖范围为图 2 (a)和图 2 (b)的叠加， 叠加后的覆盖范围如图 2 (c)所示。 图 2 (c)为 本发明实施例二的天线的覆盖范围示意图。 参见图 2 (c), 与第一天线单元组 和第二天线单元组的覆盖范围相比， 叠加后获得的天线的覆盖范围的形状发生 改变， 即天线的水平波宽改变。 由于第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组的旋转 方向相反且旋转角度相同， 因此叠加后的覆盖范围的能量最大值仍指向 0度， 与旋转前相同， 即天线的方向角不变。 由此可见， 当天线中的上述至少两个天 线单元组的旋转方向不同且旋转角度相同时， 能够实现该天线的方向角不变 并且改变该天线的水平波宽。 同的情况下， 对该天线的工作原理进行说明。 具体地， 采用本发明实施例一的 天线，第一天线单元组与第二天线单元组的旋转角度不同， 即第一天线单元 11 与第二天线单元 12的旋转角度不同。 图 3 (a)为本发明实施例三的天线的第 一天线单元组的覆盖范围示意图。 图 3 (b)为本发明实施例三的天线的第二天 线单元组的覆盖范围示意图。 在本实施例中， 以旋转角度为 25度为例， 在实际 应用中， 并不局限于该角度， 可以根据实际的需要确定具体的旋转角度。 在本 实施例中， 以该天线中的旋转轴垂直于地面放置为例予以说明， 图 3 (a)和图 3 (b)所示为天线的覆盖范围在水平面上的投影。 参见图 3 (a)和图 3 (b), 以旋转前覆盖范围的能量最大值的指向记为 0度，第一天线单元组向右旋转 25 度， 第二天线单元组没有进行旋转， 即第二天线单元的覆盖范围的能量最大值 指向 0度。 如图 3 (a)和图 3 (b)所示， 第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组 形成的覆盖范围的形状相同， 由于第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组的旋转方 向不同， 因此二者的覆盖范围的方向不同。 该天线的最终覆盖范围为第一天线 单元组与第二天线单元组的覆盖范围的叠加， 因此本发明实施例三的天线的覆 盖范围为图 3 (a)和图 3 (b)的叠加， 叠加后的覆盖范围如图 3 (c)所示。 图 3 (c)为本发明实施例三的天线的覆盖范围示意图。 参见图 3 (c), 与第一 天线单元组和第二天线单元组的覆盖范围相比， 叠加后获得的天线的覆盖范围 的形状发生改变， 即天线的水平波宽改变。 由于第一天线单元组和第二天线单 元组的旋转角度不同， 因此叠加后的覆盖范围的能量最大值相对于 0度发生了 旋转， 向右偏移了 25度， 位于 335度， 即天线的方向角也改变。 图 3(a)、 图 3 ( b )和图 3 ( c )所示为第一天线单元组旋转， 第二天线单元组不旋转的情况， 对于第一天线单元组与第二天线单元组向相同的方向旋转不同角度的情况， 以 及第一天线单元组与第二天线单元组向不同的方向旋转不同角度的情况， 由于 第一天线单元组与第二天线单元组的覆盖范围的能量最大值的指向相对于 0度 是非对称的，因此叠加后的覆盖范围的能量最大值同样会相对于 0度发生旋转， 即天线的方向角也会改变。 由此可见， 当天线中的上述至少两个天线单元组的 旋转角度不同时， 无论二者的旋转方向是否相同， 均能够同时改变该天线的 方向角和水平波宽。 向相同且旋转角度相同的情况下，所有天线单元组的覆盖范围的形状和方向都 是完全一致的， 能量最大值的指向都相对于 0度方向旋转了相同的角度， 因此 叠加后的该天线的覆盖范围的能量最大值的指向也相对于 0度方向旋转该角 度， 即方位角改变， 但叠加后的覆盖范围的形状不变， 即水平波宽不变。 由此 时， 能够改变该天线的方向角并且该天线的水平波宽不变。 The structure of the antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention has been described above. The working principle of the antenna will be described below through two specific embodiments. When the rotation angle is the same, the working principle of the antenna will be described. According to the antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group have different rotation directions and the same rotation angles, that is, the rotation directions of the first antenna unit 11 and the second antenna unit 12 are different and the rotation angle is the same. 2(a) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 2(b) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a second antenna unit group of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the embodiment, the rotation angle is 25 degrees. In practical applications, the angle is not limited to the angle, and the specific rotation angle may be determined according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the rotation axis in the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground as an example. Figs. 2(a) and 2(b) show the projection of the antenna in the horizontal plane. Referring to Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b), the direction of the energy maximum of the coverage before the rotation is recorded as 0 degree, the first antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the left, and the second antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the right. . As shown in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b), the shape of the coverage formed by the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group is the same, since the rotation directions of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different. Therefore, the coverage of the two is different. The coverage of the antenna is the superposition of the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Therefore, the coverage of the antenna of the second embodiment of the present invention is the superposition of FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 2 (b). The coverage after superposition is shown in Figure 2 (c). 2(c) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2(c), the shape of the coverage of the antenna obtained after superposition is changed, that is, the horizontal wave width of the antenna is changed, compared to the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Due to the rotation of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group The opposite directions and the same rotation angles, so the maximum energy of the superimposed coverage still points to 0 degrees, the same as before the rotation, that is, the direction angle of the antenna does not change. It can be seen that when the rotation directions of the at least two antenna element groups in the antenna are different and the rotation angle is the same, the direction angle of the antenna can be changed and the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be changed. In the same case, the working principle of the antenna will be described. Specifically, with the antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention, the rotation angles of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different, that is, the rotation angles of the first antenna unit 11 and the second antenna unit 12 are different. 3(a) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of a first antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram showing a coverage range of a second antenna element group of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the embodiment, the rotation angle is 25 degrees. In practical applications, the angle is not limited to the angle, and the specific rotation angle may be determined according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the rotation axis in the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground as an example. Figures 3(a) and 3(b) show the projection of the coverage of the antenna on a horizontal plane. Referring to Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the direction of the energy maximum of the coverage before the rotation is recorded as 0 degree, the first antenna unit group is rotated 25 degrees to the right, and the second antenna unit group is not rotated, that is, The energy maximum of the coverage of the second antenna unit points to 0 degrees. As shown in FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b), the shape of the coverage formed by the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group is the same, since the rotation directions of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different. Therefore, the coverage of the two is different. The coverage of the antenna is the superposition of the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Therefore, the coverage of the antenna of the third embodiment of the present invention is the superposition of FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b). The overlay coverage is shown in Figure 3 (c). FIG. 3(c) is a schematic diagram showing the coverage of an antenna according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3(c), the shape of the coverage of the antenna obtained after superposition is changed, that is, the horizontal wave width of the antenna is changed, compared to the coverage of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group. Since the rotation angles of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are different, the maximum energy of the superimposed coverage area is rotated with respect to 0 degrees, and is shifted to the right by 25 degrees, at 335 degrees, that is, the antenna The direction angle also changes. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) show the case where the first antenna unit group rotates and the second antenna unit group does not rotate. For the case where the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are rotated at different angles in the same direction, and the first antenna unit group and the second antenna unit group are rotated at different angles in different directions, due to the first antenna unit group The orientation of the energy maximum with the coverage of the second antenna element group is asymmetric with respect to 0 degrees, so the energy maximum of the superimposed coverage region also rotates with respect to 0 degrees, that is, the direction angle of the antenna also changes. . It can be seen that when the rotation angles of the at least two antenna element groups in the antenna are different, the direction angle and the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be simultaneously changed regardless of whether the rotation directions of the two are the same. In the case of the same and the same rotation angle, the shape and direction of the coverage of all antenna element groups are completely identical, and the energy maximum points are rotated by the same angle with respect to the 0 degree direction, so the superposed antenna is The pointing of the energy maximum of the coverage also rotates the angle with respect to the 0 degree direction, that is, the azimuth angle changes, but the shape of the superimposed coverage does not change, that is, the horizontal wave width does not change. From this, the direction angle of the antenna can be changed and the horizontal wave width of the antenna does not change.
在上述本发明实施例一至本发明实施例三中， 在天线中设置至少两个天 线单元组， 该天线的覆盖范围为各个天线单元组覆盖范围叠加后的结果。 分 别通过两个旋转轴各自带动一个天线单元组旋转， 通过调整旋转方向和旋转 角度， 对各个天线单元组的覆盖范围的方向进行调整， 从而对叠加后的覆盖 范围进行调整。 通过不同方向的覆盖范围的叠加， 不仅能够单独调整天线的 方位角， 而且还能够单独调整天线的水平波宽， 并且还能够对天线的方位角 和水平波宽同时进行调整， 从而提高了天线的可调性能。  In the foregoing Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, at least two antenna unit groups are disposed in the antenna, and the coverage of the antenna is a result of superimposition of coverage of each antenna unit group. Each antenna element group is rotated by two rotating shafts respectively, and the direction of coverage of each antenna unit group is adjusted by adjusting the rotation direction and the rotation angle, thereby adjusting the superimposed coverage range. By superimposing the coverage in different directions, not only the azimuth of the antenna can be individually adjusted, but also the horizontal wave width of the antenna can be individually adjusted, and the azimuth and horizontal wave width of the antenna can be simultaneously adjusted, thereby improving the antenna. Adjustable performance.
图 4为本发明实施例四的天线的结构示意图。 在该天线中， 每个天线单元 组中包括至少两个天线单元。 如图 4所示， 仍以该天线中包括两个天线单元组 为例， 即： 第一天线单元组和第二天线单元组。 其中， 第一天线单元组中包括 3个第一天线单元 11 , 所有第一天线单元 11均连接在第一旋转轴 21上， 能够 在第一旋转轴 21的带动下旋转。第二天线单元组中包括 3个第二天线单元 12, 所有第二天线单元 12均连接在第二旋转轴 22上， 能够在第二旋转轴 22的带 均与本发明实施例一的天线单元相同， 在此不再赞述。 在图 4中， 仅以第一旋 转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22并排排列为例，第一旋转轴 21与第二旋转轴 22还可 以是同心轴。 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the antenna, at least two antenna elements are included in each antenna element group. As shown in FIG. 4, two antenna element groups are still included in the antenna, that is, a first antenna unit group and a second antenna unit group. The first antenna unit group includes three first antenna units 11 , and all of the first antenna units 11 are connected to the first rotating shaft 21 and can be rotated by the first rotating shaft 21 . The second antenna unit group includes three second antenna units 12, All of the second antenna units 12 are connected to the second rotating shaft 22, and the bands of the second rotating shaft 22 are the same as those of the antenna unit of the first embodiment of the present invention, and are not mentioned here. In FIG. 4, only the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 are arranged side by side as an example, and the first rotating shaft 21 and the second rotating shaft 22 may also be concentric axes.
在上述技术方案的基础上， 优选地， 本发明实施例四的天线中， 属于上述 本发明实施例四中，第一天线单元组的第一天线单元 11与第二天线单元组的第 二天线单元 12交替排列。优选地， 交替排列的方式可以包括以下两种。 交替排 列的第一种方式是： 属于不同天线单元组的天线单元等数量交替排列。 例如， 在天线包括两个天线单元组的情况下， 各个天线单元的排列顺序依次为： 第一 天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第 二天线单元……。 或者， 仍在天线包括两个天线单元组的情况下， 各个天线单 元的排列顺序依次为： 第一天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第二天 线单元、 第一天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第二天线单元……。 在此种排列顺序的情况下， 相邻的属于同一天线单元组的两个天线单元可以设 置在同一个反射板上， 即， 每个反射板在阵列方向上具有两个属于同一个天线 单元组的天线单元。 例如， 上述排列中， 前两个第一天线单元都位于第一个反 射板上， 接下来的两个第二天线单元都位于第二个反射板上， 依次类推。 在天 线包括三个天线单元组的情况下， 各个天线单元的排列顺序依次为： 第一天线 单元、 第二天线单元、 第三天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第三天 线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第三天线单元……。 交替排列的第二 种方式是： 属于不同天线单元组的天线单元不等数量交替排列。 例如， 在天线 包括两个天线单元组的情况下， 各个天线单元的排列顺序依次为： 第一天线单 元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第一天线单元、 第二天线 单元 ... ...。 交替排列的具体方式还可以采用其它方式， 不限于以上两种。 在本发明实施例四中， 每个天线单元组中包括至少两个天线单元， 增大了 天线的功率， 从而通过调整旋转轴能够同时调整数量更多的天线单元， 提高了 大功率天线的可调性能。 并且， 不同天线单元组的天线单元交替排列， 使得该 天线的辐射场分布更加均匀， 提高了改天线的覆盖效果。 On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the antenna of the fourth embodiment of the present invention belongs to the first antenna unit 11 of the first antenna unit group and the second antenna of the second antenna unit group. Units 12 are alternately arranged. Preferably, the manner of alternate arrangement may include the following two. The first way of alternately arranging is: The number of antenna elements belonging to different antenna element groups is alternately arranged. For example, in the case where the antenna includes two antenna element groups, the order of arrangement of the respective antenna elements is: first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, second Antenna unit.... Or, in the case that the antenna includes two antenna element groups, the order of arrangement of the antenna elements is: first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, and An antenna unit, a second antenna unit, a second antenna unit, .... In the case of such an arrangement sequence, two adjacent antenna elements belonging to the same antenna unit group may be disposed on the same reflector, that is, each reflector has two antenna unit groups in the array direction. Antenna unit. For example, in the above arrangement, the first two first antenna units are located on the first reflecting plate, and the next two second antenna units are located on the second reflecting plate, and so on. In the case that the antenna includes three antenna element groups, the order of arrangement of the antenna elements is: first antenna unit, second antenna unit, third antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, third antenna unit And a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and a third antenna unit. The second way of alternately arranging is: unequal numbers of antenna elements belonging to different antenna element groups are alternately arranged. For example, in the case where the antenna includes two antenna element groups, the order of arrangement of the respective antenna elements is: first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second antenna unit, first antenna unit, first antenna unit, second Antenna unit... The specific manner of alternately arranging may also adopt other methods, and is not limited to the above two. In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, each antenna unit group includes at least two antenna units, which increases the power of the antenna, so that a plurality of antenna units can be simultaneously adjusted by adjusting the rotating shaft, thereby improving the high-power antenna. Adjust performance. Moreover, the antenna elements of different antenna unit groups are alternately arranged, so that the radiation field distribution of the antenna is more uniform, and the coverage effect of the antenna is improved.
图 5 ( a )为本发明实施例五的的第一种天线的结构示意图。 如图 5 ( a ) 所示， 在该天线中， 至少一个天线单元中的辐射器的数量为两个。 该天线的其 它组成结构与图 1 ( a )所示的本发明实施例一的第一种天线相同， 在此不再赞 述。  FIG. 5( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a first antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5(a), in the antenna, the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit is two. The other structure of the antenna is the same as that of the first antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1(a), and will not be further described herein.
图 5 ( b )为本发明实施例五的第二种天线的结构示意图； 如图 5 ( b )所 示， 在该天线中， 至少一个天线单元中的辐射器的数量为两个。 该天线的其它 组成结构与图 1 ( b )所示的本发明实施例一的第二种天线相同，在此不再赞述。  FIG. 5(b) is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 5(b), in the antenna, the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit is two. The other components of the antenna are the same as those of the second antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1(b), and are not mentioned here.
进一步地， 在本发明其它的实施例中， 天线的至少一个天线单元中的辐射 器的数量还可以大于两个。 较佳地， 在辐射器的数量大于两个的天线单元中， 上述辐射器可以排列成任意形式的阵列。  Further, in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of radiators in at least one antenna unit of the antenna may be greater than two. Preferably, in an antenna unit having more than two radiators, the radiators may be arranged in an array of any form.
在本发明实施例五中， 天线单元中的辐射器的数量增加为两个或两个以 上， 使天线的水平波宽变窄， 提高了天线的增益， 增大了该天线的功率， 从而 能够通过调整旋转轴同时旋转数量更多的辐射器， 提高了大功率天线的可调性 能。  In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the number of radiators in the antenna unit is increased by two or more, so that the horizontal wave width of the antenna is narrowed, the gain of the antenna is increased, and the power of the antenna is increased, thereby enabling The adjustable performance of the high power antenna is improved by adjusting the rotating shaft while rotating a larger number of radiators.
在提出本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中的天线的基础上， 本发明实 施例还提出可以采用上述实施例中的天线组成天线阵列， 或者采用上述实施 例中的天线与现有技术中的任意形式的天线组成天线阵列。 该天线阵列中包 括： 至少两个天线。 其中， 至少一个天线采用本发明实施例一至本发明实施 例五中的天线。其具体结构参见本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中的天线， 并且， 天线阵列的所有天线的工作频率可以两两不同。 或者， 天线阵列的所 有天线中至少两个天线的工作频率相同， 其具体包括以下两种情况： 1.天线 阵列中所有天线的工作频率均相同。 2. 天线阵列中的两个或两个以上的天线 的工作频率均相同， 例如都为第一工作频率， 其余的天线的工作频率不为第 一工作频率。 并且， 在工作频率不为第一工作频频率的天线中： 可以所有天 线的工作频率都相同， 例如都为第二工作频率； 也可以工作频率各自不同； 还可以一部分天线的工作频率相同， 其余的工作频率与之不同。 On the basis of the antennas in the first embodiment to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention further provides that the antennas in the foregoing embodiments may be used to form an antenna array, or the antennas in the foregoing embodiments are used in the prior art. Any form of antenna constitutes an antenna array. The antenna array includes: at least two antennas. The antenna of the first embodiment of the present invention to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is used for at least one antenna. For the specific structure, refer to the antennas in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and the operating frequencies of all the antennas of the antenna array may be different. Or, at least two of the antennas of the antenna array have the same operating frequency, and specifically include the following two situations: 1. All antennas in the array operate at the same frequency. 2. Two or more antennas in the antenna array have the same operating frequency, for example, both are the first operating frequency, and the remaining antennas are not operating at the first operating frequency. Moreover, in an antenna whose working frequency is not the first working frequency: all antennas may have the same operating frequency, for example, the second operating frequency; or the operating frequencies may be different; and the operating frequencies of some of the antennas may be the same, and the rest The working frequency is different.
图 6为本发明实施例六的天线阵列的结构示意图。 如图 6所示， 该天线阵 列包括： 三个天线 61。 其中， 至少一个天线 61采用本发明实施例一至本发 明实施例五中记载的天线。 在本发明实施例六中， 仅以该天线阵列的三个天 线 61均采用本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的天线为例。 具体地， 每个天线 61 的内部结构与本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的天线 相同， 在此不再赘述。 较佳地， 三个天线 61程环形分布。 如图 6所示， 环形 分布的具体结构为： 旋转轴均互相平行， 并且在与三个天线 61的旋转轴垂直 的平面上，三个天线 61的旋转轴部位中心构成正三角形的三个顶点，每个天 线 61的旋转轴部位中心为该天线 61的所有旋转轴在该平面上的截面所构成 的图案的中心。在本发明实施例 6中， 以每个天线 61 中均包括两个同心的旋 转轴为例，则每个天线 61的旋转轴部位中心为上述两个同心的旋转轴在垂直 平面上的截面所构成的图案的中心， 即为两个同心的旋转轴的共同的轴心。 如图 6所示， 三个天线 61的旋转轴轴心构成正三角形的三个顶点。  FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 6, the antenna array includes: three antennas 61. The at least one antenna 61 is an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the antennas of the first embodiment of the present invention and the antennas of the fifth embodiment of the present invention are used as an example. Specifically, the internal structure of each antenna 61 is the same as that of the antenna according to Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again. Preferably, the three antennas are 61-way annularly distributed. As shown in FIG. 6, the specific structure of the annular distribution is: the rotation axes are all parallel to each other, and on the plane perpendicular to the rotation axes of the three antennas 61, the centers of the rotation axis portions of the three antennas 61 constitute three vertices of the equilateral triangle. The center of the rotation axis portion of each antenna 61 is the center of the pattern formed by the cross section of all the rotation axes of the antenna 61 on the plane. In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, each of the antennas 61 includes two concentric rotating shafts as an example, and the center of the rotating shaft portion of each antenna 61 is a cross section of the two concentric rotating shafts on a vertical plane. The center of the formed pattern is the common axis of the two concentric axes of rotation. As shown in Fig. 6, the axes of the rotation axes of the three antennas 61 constitute three vertices of an equilateral triangle.
在本发明实施例六中， 将本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的多 个天线组合成天线阵列， 将三个天线按照环形分布进行组合， 从而实现 360 度范围的辐射覆盖， 通过调整阵列中的一个或多个天线的覆盖范围， 调整该天 线阵列的覆盖范围， 因此提高了 360度覆盖的天线阵列的可调性能。  In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of antennas according to Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention are combined into an antenna array, and three antennas are combined according to a ring distribution, thereby achieving radiation coverage in a 360-degree range. Adjusting the coverage of one or more antennas in the array, adjusting the coverage of the antenna array, thus improving the adjustable performance of the 360-degree covered antenna array.
图 7为本发明实施例七的天线阵列的结构示意图。 如图 7所示， 该天线阵 列包括： 两个天线 71。 其中， 至少一个天线 71采用本发明实施例一至本发 明实施例五中记载的天线。在本发明实施例七中，仅以两个天线 71均采用本 发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的天线为例。具体地，每个天线 71的 内部结构与本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的天线相同， 在此不再 赘述。 较佳地， 两个天线 71并列排列。 FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the antenna array includes: two antennas 71. The at least one antenna 71 is an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the antennas according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the fifth embodiment of the present invention are used as an example. Specifically, each antenna 71 The internal structure is the same as the antenna described in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and details are not described herein again. Preferably, the two antennas 71 are arranged side by side.
在本发明实施例七中， 将本发明实施例一至本发明实施例五中记载的天 线组合成天线阵列， 将两个天线按照并列排列进行组合， 从而拓展了辐射覆 盖范围， 通过调整阵列中的一个或两个天线的覆盖范围， 调整该天线阵列的覆 盖范围。  In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the antennas according to the first embodiment of the present invention to the fifth embodiment of the present invention are combined into an antenna array, and the two antennas are combined in a parallel arrangement, thereby expanding the radiation coverage range, and adjusting the coverage in the array. The coverage of one or two antennas, adjusting the coverage of the antenna array.
需要说明的是： 对于前述的各方法实施例， 为了简单描述， 故将其都表 述为一系列的动作组合， 但是本领域技术人员应该知悉， 本发明并不受所描 述的动作顺序的限制， 因为依据本发明， 某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同 时进行。 其次， 本领域技术人员也应该知悉， 说明书中所描述的实施例均属 于优选实施例， 所涉及的动作和模块并不一定是本发明所必须的。  It should be noted that, for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the described action sequence. Because certain steps may be performed in other sequences or concurrently in accordance with the present invention. In addition, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.
在上述实施例中， 对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重， 某个实施例中没有 详述的部分， 可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。  In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the various embodiments are different, and the parts that are not detailed in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对其 限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通技术 人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或 者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不使相应技 术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。  It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced. The modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

权 利 要求 Rights request
1、 一种天线， 其特征在于， 包括： 移动机构和至少两个天线单元组； 所 述至少两个天线单元组沿第一参考方向设置在所述移动机构上； 所述移动机 构用以允许所述至少两个天线单元组中的至少一个天线单元组沿垂直于所述 第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 以使所述至少两个天线单元组中 直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的正投影相互重叠或者相互偏离。 An antenna, comprising: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups; the at least two antenna unit groups are disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; the moving mechanism is configured to allow Positioning at least one of the at least two antenna element groups in a second reference direction perpendicular to the first reference direction such that the at least two antenna element groups are directly above the first The orthographic projections in the plane of the reference direction overlap or deviate from each other.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 每个所述天线单元组包括 元与邻近的每个天线单元组的天线单元沿所述的第一参考方向交替排列。  2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein each of said antenna element group includes a cell and an adjacent antenna element of each antenna element group are alternately arranged along said first reference direction.
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的天线， 其特征在于， 所述的第二参考方向位于 垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内。  3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second reference direction is located in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction.
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的天线， 其特征在于，  4. An antenna according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that
每个所述天线单元包括： 一个反射板， 以及至少一个设置在所述反射板 上的辐射器；  Each of the antenna units includes: a reflector, and at least one radiator disposed on the reflector;
所述移动机构包括： 第一旋转件及第二旋转件； 所述第一旋转件可相对 于所述第二旋转件转动， 所述至少两个的天线单元组中的至少一个所述的天 线单元组的天线单元通过反射板设置在所述的第一旋转件上， 所述至少两个 的第二旋转件上。  The moving mechanism includes: a first rotating member and a second rotating member; the first rotating member is rotatable relative to the second rotating member, and at least one of the at least two antenna unit groups The antenna unit of the unit group is disposed on the first rotating member through the reflecting plate, and the at least two second rotating members.
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的天线， 其特征在于， 所述第一旋转件及第二旋 转件具有相同的或者互相平行的旋转轴心线。  The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the first rotating member and the second rotating member have the same or parallel axis of rotation.
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的天线， 其特征在于，  6. The antenna of claim 4, wherein
或， 所述至少两个天线单元组的旋转角度不同。 Or, the rotation angles of the at least two antenna element groups are different.
7、 根据权利要求 4中所述的天线， 其特征在于，  7. An antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that
设置在所述第一旋转件的天线单元组与设置在所述第二旋转件上的天线 单元组沿所述第一旋转件及第二旋转件的旋转轴线的轴向交替排列。 An antenna unit group disposed on the first rotating member and an antenna disposed on the second rotating member The unit groups are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rotation axes of the first rotating member and the second rotating member.
8、 根据权利要求 4所述的天线， 其特征在于， 还包括一个驱动装置， 所 述驱动装置用于驱动所述移动机构的第一旋转件或第二旋转件或第一旋转件 及第二旋转件转动。  The antenna according to claim 4, further comprising a driving device, wherein the driving device is configured to drive the first rotating member or the second rotating member or the first rotating member and the second portion of the moving mechanism The rotating member rotates.
9、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的天线， 其特征在于， 每个所述天线单元还 包括： 至少一个隔板；  The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein each of the antenna units further comprises: at least one partition;
所述隔板设置在相邻的所述天线单元之间， 用以将相邻的所述天线单元 进行互 隔离。  The spacer is disposed between adjacent ones of the antenna units for isolating adjacent ones of the antenna elements.
10、 一种天线阵列， 其特征在于， 包括： 至少两个天线， 所述至少两个 天线按照预定方式排列；  An antenna array, comprising: at least two antennas, the at least two antennas being arranged in a predetermined manner;
所述至少两个天线中的至少一个天线包括： 移动机构和至少两个天线单 元组；  At least one of the at least two antennas includes: a moving mechanism and at least two antenna unit groups;
所述至少两个天线单元组沿第一参考方向设置在所述移动机构上； 所述 于所述第一参考方向的第二参考方向做位置变化， 以使所述至少两个天线单 元组在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内的正投影相互重叠或者相互偏离。  The at least two antenna element groups are disposed on the moving mechanism along a first reference direction; the second reference direction of the first reference direction is changed in position such that the at least two antenna element groups are The orthographic projections in a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction overlap or deviate from each other.
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于，  11. The antenna array of claim 10, wherein
每个所述天线单元组包括至少两个天线单元， 所述至少两个天线单元组 '  Each of the antenna element groups includes at least two antenna units, and the at least two antenna unit groups '
第一参考方向交替排列。 The first reference directions are alternately arranged.
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于，  12. The antenna array of claim 10, wherein
所述的第二参考方向落在垂直于所述第一参考方向的平面内。  The second reference direction falls within a plane perpendicular to the first reference direction.
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于，  13. An antenna array according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that
每个所述天线单元包括： 一个反射板， 以及至少一个设置在所述反射板 上的辐射器；  Each of the antenna units includes: a reflector, and at least one radiator disposed on the reflector;
所述移动机构包括： 第一旋转件及第二旋转件； 所述第一旋转件可相对 于所述第二旋转件转动， 至少一个所述的天线单元组的天线单元通过反射板 设置在所述的第一旋转件上， 至少另一个所述的天线单元组的天线单元通过 反射板设置在所述的第二旋转件上。 The moving mechanism includes: a first rotating member and a second rotating member; the first rotating member is rotatable relative to the second rotating member, and at least one antenna unit of the antenna unit group passes through a reflecting plate Provided on the first rotating member, at least another antenna unit of the antenna unit group is disposed on the second rotating member through a reflecting plate.
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于，  14. The antenna array of claim 13 wherein:
所述第一旋转件及第二旋转件具有相同的或者互相平行的旋转轴心线。  The first rotating member and the second rotating member have the same or parallel axis of rotation.
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 角度相同； 旋转角度相同； The antenna array according to claim 13, wherein the angles are the same; the rotation angles are the same;
或， 至少一个所述天线内， 所述至少两个天线单元组的旋转角度不同。 Or, in at least one of the antennas, the rotation angles of the at least two antenna element groups are different.
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 16. The antenna array of claim 13 wherein:
设置在所述第一旋转件的天线单元组与设置在所述第二旋转件上的天线 单元组沿所述第一旋转件及第二旋转件的旋转轴线的轴向交替排列。  The antenna unit group disposed on the first rotating member and the antenna unit group disposed on the second rotating member are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rotation axes of the first rotating member and the second rotating member.
17、 根据权利要求 13 所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 还包括至少一个 驱动装置， 所述驱动装置用于驱动至少一个所述天线的所述移动机构的第一 旋转件或第二旋转件或第一旋转件及第二旋转件转动。  The antenna array according to claim 13, further comprising at least one driving device, wherein the driving device is configured to drive the first rotating member or the second rotating member of the moving mechanism of the at least one of the antennas Or the first rotating member and the second rotating member rotate.
18、 根据权利要求 1 1或 12所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 每个所述天 线单元还包括： 至少一个隔板；  The antenna array according to claim 1 or 12, wherein each of the antenna units further comprises: at least one partition;
所述隔板设置在相邻的所述天线单元之间， 用以将相邻的所述天线单元 进行互 隔离。  The spacer is disposed between adjacent ones of the antenna units for isolating adjacent ones of the antenna elements.
19、 根据权利要求 10至 12中任意一项所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 所述两个天线并列排列。  The antenna array according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the two antennas are arranged side by side.
20、 根据权利要求 10至 12中任意一项所述的天线阵列， 其特征在于， 所述天线阵列包括： 三个天线；  The antenna array according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the antenna array comprises: three antennas;
所述三个天线的旋转轴心线均互相平行， 且两两之间等间距设置。  The rotation axis lines of the three antennas are all parallel to each other, and are equally spaced between the two.
PCT/CN2011/077309 2011-07-19 2011-07-19 Antenna and antenna array WO2012159334A1 (en)

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