WO2012142814A1 - Exciting method, device and system of direct-current brushless synchronous wind driven generator - Google Patents
Exciting method, device and system of direct-current brushless synchronous wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012142814A1 WO2012142814A1 PCT/CN2011/080289 CN2011080289W WO2012142814A1 WO 2012142814 A1 WO2012142814 A1 WO 2012142814A1 CN 2011080289 W CN2011080289 W CN 2011080289W WO 2012142814 A1 WO2012142814 A1 WO 2012142814A1
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- generator
- voltage
- excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P9/302—Brushless excitation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of wind power generation technologies, and in particular, to an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
- Generators are the most important equipment in wind power systems. At present, there are basically two types of motors used in wind power generation: asynchronous motors and synchronous motors. There are also two types of fan converters: double-fed and full-power. The asynchronous motor is equipped with a doubly-fed converter, and the synchronous motor is equipped with a full-power converter to form two different wind turbines. For any wind turbine, the implementation of excitation control is critical. Especially for brushless excitation synchronous generators, the brushless excitation system is its core and most critical component.
- the generator when it is rotating, it needs a rotating magnetic field (most of the brushless synchronous generator sets are rotating magnetic field type). Most of the magnetic field is formed by the DC power supply through the rotor coil to establish a DC magnetic field. It is the excitation power output part. In addition, in order to keep the voltage of the generator at a constant value when the load changes, a regulator that adjusts the output of the DC power as the voltage at the generator terminal changes is also required. These two aspects are the tasks that the excitation control device has to accomplish.
- the stability of the generator output voltage is achieved by controlling the magnitude of the field current.
- the excitation control of the generator is used to collect changes in the generator voltage and current as well as other input signals, and to control the excitation current supplied to the generator rotor turns according to the control criteria.
- the excitation control of the generator plays a very important role in maintaining the voltage level of the power system, improving the ability of the power system to operate stably, and improving the operating conditions of the power system and the generator.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which can stabilize the output voltage of the generator by adjusting the magnitude of the excitation current delivered to the generator. Guarantee the stability of the power system.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide an excitation method for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, wherein an exciter of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator is coaxially connected with a main generator;
- the method includes:
- Step 1 Rectify the AC input voltage to obtain a DC input voltage
- Step 2 detecting a three-phase voltage outputted by the stator winding of the main generator, and rectifying the three-phase voltage to obtain a DC output voltage;
- Step 3 Detecting the excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotational speed of the generator, combined with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and the excitation current
- the inner loop control and the DC output voltage outer loop control obtain a PWM wave
- Step 4 according to the PWM wave, invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1, and then rectify into a DC excitation voltage, and deliver it to the station.
- the exciter stator winding of the generator is Detecting the excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotational speed of the generator, combined with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and the excitation current
- the inner loop control and the DC output voltage outer loop control obtain a PWM wave
- Step 4 according to the PWM wave, invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1, and then rectif
- step 3 the excitation current inner loop control and the direct current output voltage outer loop control are used to obtain the PWM wave, including:
- Step 31 Comparing the given reference voltage with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and performing an incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a first calculation result;
- Step 32 setting an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current speed according to the current speed of the generator detected in step 3;
- Step 33 Multiplying the adjustment coefficient by the first calculation result obtained in step 31 to obtain a excitation current reference value
- Step 34 Comparing the excitation current set value with the excitation current detected in step 3, and performing incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a required duty cycle value;
- Step 35 Generate a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value.
- the current speed of the generator is detected in the step 3, including:
- Step 301 detecting an output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator
- Step 302 Convert the output voltage into a square wave signal that is the same as the output voltage period.
- Step 303 Acquire a period of the square wave signal to obtain a period of the generator.
- Step 303 Convert a cycle of the generator into a frequency of the generator, and calculate a current speed of the generator according to a frequency of the generator.
- the step 4 includes:
- Step 41 Invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1 according to the PWM wave to obtain an AC voltage.
- Step 42 Step-down and rectify the AC voltage obtained by the inverter to obtain a DC excitation voltage, which is sent to the exciter stator winding.
- the embodiment of the invention further provides an excitation device for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which is used for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, and the wind power generation system comprises: a DC brushless synchronous wind power coaxial with the main generator and the main generator Generator, and converter;
- the converter has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected to a main generator stator winding for rectifying a three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputting a DC output voltage to the Exciting device
- the excitation device includes: a first rectifier circuit, an excitation power output portion, and a control portion; the first rectifier circuit is configured to, after rectifying the AC input voltage, output a DC input voltage to the excitation power output portion;
- the control portion detects an excitation voltage and an excitation current of the exciter, a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an output voltage of any two phases of a stator winding of the main generator, and a generator speed. Outputting a PWM wave to the excitation power output portion through an excitation current inner loop control and a DC output voltage outer loop control, and adjusting an excitation current delivered by the excitation power output portion to the generator;
- the excitation power output portion inverts a DC input voltage outputted by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and then rectifies the DC excitation current to an exciter stator of the generator Winding.
- control part comprises: a controller, a rotation speed detecting circuit, a sampling conditioning circuit, a communication interface circuit, and an auxiliary power supply circuit;
- the sampling conditioning circuit is configured to detect the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the exciter, the DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and output the voltage to the controller ;
- the rotation speed detecting circuit is configured to detect the rotation speed of the generator and output to the controller;
- the controller is configured to: according to the received excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the three-phase is not controlled
- the DC output voltage outputted by the rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and the generator speed are controlled by the inner loop control of the excitation current and the outer loop of the DC output voltage, thereby obtaining the duty ratio required for the output, and generating a PWM wave having a pulse width corresponding to the duty ratio is output to the excitation power output portion;
- the communication interface circuit is configured to implement a communication connection between the excitation device and the converter;
- the auxiliary power supply circuit is configured to be the controller, the pulse control circuit, the communication interface circuit, and the sampling The conditioning circuit provides operating power.
- the controller includes: a first subtractor, a first PI regulator, an adjustment coefficient calculation unit, a second subtractor, a second PI regulator, and a PWM generator;
- a positive input terminal of the first subtractor receives the given reference voltage, a negative input terminal receives a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit via a sampling conditioning circuit, and an output terminal outputs a first comparison result to the First PI regulator;
- the adjustment coefficient calculation unit sets an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current rotation speed according to the detected current rotation speed of the generator, and multiplies the first calculation result by the adjustment coefficient And outputting to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor as the excitation current reference value; receiving the excitation current reference value at the positive input end of the second subtractor, and receiving the sampling conditioning voltage detection at the negative input terminal The obtained excitation current, the output terminal outputs a second comparison result to the second PI regulator;
- the second PI regulator performs incremental PI calculation on the second comparison result, and outputs a required duty ratio value to the PWM generator;
- the PWM generator generates a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width based on the duty ratio value, and outputs the PWM wave to the excitation power output portion.
- the controller is a motor control chip dsPIC30F4011.
- the communication interface circuit comprises: a CAN interface circuit and a serial port interface circuit; the controller is connected to the converter through a CAN interface circuit; The controller is connected to the host computer through a serial port interface circuit.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit is a single-ended flyback switching power supply composed of a high frequency transformer and a driving chip UC3844.
- the excitation power output portion comprises: a pulse control circuit, a high frequency pulse transformer, and a second rectifier circuit;
- the pulse control circuit is configured to invert a DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and output an inverted AC voltage to the high frequency pulse Transformer
- the high frequency pulse transformer is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifying circuit after stepping down the alternating voltage
- the second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the step-down AC voltage into a DC excitation current, and output the same to the exciter stator winding.
- the excitation power output part further includes: a filtering and freewheeling circuit
- the filtering and freewheeling circuit is connected to the output end of the second rectifying circuit for filtering the DC excitation current output by the second rectifying circuit and then outputting to the exciter stator winding.
- the excitation device further comprises: an EMI filter circuit
- the EMI filter circuit is configured to filter the AC input voltage and send it to the first rectifier circuit for rectification.
- the embodiment of the invention further provides a coordinated control method for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, wherein the method is used for coordination between the excitation device and a converter of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system;
- the method includes:
- the converter rectifies the three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputs a DC output voltage to the excitation device; and starts and stops the excitation device according to the rotation speed of the generator, and according to the DC output Voltage is connected to the grid;
- the excitation device acts as a slave of the converter, uploading an operating parameter to the converter; the operating parameter includes a rotational speed of the generator; and the excitation device adjusts the delivery to the device according to the rotational speed of the generator
- the excitation current of the generator is such that the DC output voltage is stabilized.
- the converter starts and stops the excitation device according to the rotation speed of the generator.
- System including:
- the converter When the rotation speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed threshold, the converter sends an opening control signal to the excitation device to turn on the excitation device; when the rotation speed of the generator is less than the preset At the speed threshold, the converter sends a shutdown control signal to the excitation device to turn off the excitation current output of the excitation device.
- the converter performs grid-connecting control according to the DC output voltage, including: when the DC output voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold, the converter sends a grid-connected control signal to the excitation Device.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, the system comprising: a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, a converter, and the excitation device coaxially connected to the main generator and the main generator;
- the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
- the control part obtains the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the generator, the DC voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection, And a generator speed, using an excitation current inner loop control and a DC voltage outer loop control, outputting a corresponding PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting an excitation current outputted by the excitation power output portion to the generator to generate electricity
- the output voltage of the machine is stable, which improves the stability of the operation of the power system.
- the excitation device does not directly track the output voltage of the generator, but is dedicated to stabilizing the DC output of the three-phase voltage output by the generator after being rectified by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
- the voltage can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the inverter to achieve grid-connected operation.
- FIG. 1 is a structural view of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 2 is a flow chart of an excitation method of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Controller structure diagram
- FIG. 5 is a circuit structural diagram of an auxiliary power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of a field power output portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7a is a circuit structural diagram of a first sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 7b is a circuit structural diagram of a second sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 7c is a circuit structural diagram of a third sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a synchronous square wave conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which can stabilize the output voltage of the generator by adjusting the magnitude of the excitation current delivered to the generator. Guarantee the stability of the power system.
- the excitation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator, in particular to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator coaxial with the main generator and the main generator, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking the generator shown in FIG. 1 as an example.
- the method of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator coaxial with any main generator and the main generator, which may be, but is not limited to, FIG. 1 .
- the generator 1 includes an exciter 11, a rotary rectifier 12, and a main generator 13.
- the exciter 11 and the main generator 13 are coaxially connected by the rotary rectifier 12.
- the exciter 11 includes: an exciter stator winding and an exciter rotor armature; and the main generator 13 includes: a main generator rotor armature and a main generator stator winding.
- the exciter rotor armature and the main generator rotor armature are coaxially connected by the rotary rectifier 12; the exciter stator winding receives a DC excitation voltage.
- Step S201 Rectifying the AC input voltage to obtain a DC input voltage.
- Step S202 Detecting a three-phase voltage outputted by the stator winding of the main generator, and rectifying the three-phase voltage to obtain a DC output voltage Udc.
- the main generator stator winding of the generator 1 outputs U, V, W three-phase voltages, and in step S202, the three-phase voltage is detected, and the three-phase voltage is rectified to obtain a direct current.
- Output voltage Udc the three-phase voltage is rectified to obtain a direct current.
- Step S203 detecting the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotation speed n of the generator 1, in combination with the DC output rectified in the step S202.
- the voltage Udc is controlled by the outer loop control of the excitation current If and the outer loop of the DC output voltage Udc to obtain a duty ratio required for the output, and generate a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave having a pulse width corresponding to the duty ratio. .
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- step S203 the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator is detected, which may be the output line voltage of the U and V phases of the stator winding of the main generator, or may be U, W two-phase output line voltage, or the output line voltage of two phases of V and W.
- Step S204 Inverting the DC input voltage obtained in the step S201 according to the PWM wave, and then rectifying into a DC excitation voltage, and transmitting the DC input voltage to the exciter stator winding of the generator.
- the fan blade of the synchronous wind turbine 1 drives the main shaft of the generator 1 to rotate through the gearbox.
- the exciter rotor armature is coupled to the main generator rotor armature via the rotary rectifier 12.
- the excitation method according to the embodiment of the present invention detects the two-phase terminal voltage of the main generator 13 and the rotational speed of the main generator 13, and simultaneously detects the three-phase output voltage of the rectified main generator stator winding, and excites according to the characteristics of the motor.
- the stator winding is input with the corresponding DC excitation current If.
- the rotational speed of the generator 1 reaches a certain value, the three-phase voltage rectified DC output voltage Udc outputted by the main generator stator winding is stabilized.
- the duty ratio of the PWM wave By adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM wave, the on/off of the switching tube is controlled, and the exciting current If of the stator winding of the exciter delivered to the generator is adjusted.
- the excitation current If forms an directional magnetic field on the stator winding of the exciter.
- the exciter rotor armature rotates with the fan blade, a set of three-phase alternating current is generated in the exciter rotor armature, and the three-phase alternating current is fixed on the generator main shaft.
- the rectifier rectifier 12 is rectified, a direct current is outputted to the main generator rotor armature, thereby establishing a rotating magnetic field in the main generator 13.
- the coil of the stator winding of the main generator starts to cut the magnetic field line of the rotating magnetic field, and according to the law of electromagnetic induction, an alternating voltage output is generated in the stator winding of the main generator, and finally the fan generates electricity, and the output three-phase voltage After being rectified, the DC output voltage Udc is obtained, and the outer loop control of the DC output voltage Udc is realized, so that the DC output voltage Udc is stable and controllable.
- Step S203-1 The output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator is detected.
- Step S203-2 Converting the output voltage into a square wave signal having the same period as the output voltage.
- Step S203-3 Acquire a period of the square wave signal to obtain a period of the generator.
- the period of the square wave signal is the same as the period of the output line voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, thereby obtaining the period of the square wave signal, the period of the generator can be obtained.
- Step S203-4 Converting the period of the generator into a frequency of the generator, and calculating the current rotation speed of the generator according to the frequency of the generator.
- Step 203-11 Comparing a given reference voltage Ug with the DC output voltage Udc obtained by the rectification in the step 202, and performing an incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a first calculation result.
- the determination of the given reference voltage Ug can be achieved by the above steps:
- a given reference voltage initial value UgO is set in advance, and the given reference voltage initial value UgO is compared with the DC output voltage Udc obtained in step 202 to obtain a difference AU, and the difference AU is determined. Whether it is within a preset difference range, and if so, the given reference voltage initial value UgO is taken as the given reference voltage Ug; if not, a value is taken within the preset difference range As the current difference ⁇ U ' , the sum of the DC output voltage Udc and the current difference ⁇ U′ (ie, Udc+AU′) is taken as the given reference voltage Ug. For example, when the preset difference range is 0 ⁇ 40V, the current difference ⁇ ⁇ may be selected to be 40V. Of course, the preset difference range may be specifically set according to actual needs.
- Step 203-12 Set the adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc at the current rotation speed according to the current rotation speed of the generator 1 detected in the step 203.
- the rotation speed n of the generator 1 can be divided into sections, and the adjustment coefficient of the corresponding DC output voltage Udc is set for each section of the rotation speed.
- the adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc corresponding to the current rotational speed can be determined.
- Step 203-13 Multiply the adjustment coefficient by the first calculation result obtained in step 203-11, and obtain the product as the excitation current reference value Ig.
- Step 203-14 The excitation current set value Ig is compared with the excitation current If detected in step 203, and the comparison result is subjected to incremental PI calculation to obtain a required duty ratio value.
- Step 203-15 Generate a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value.
- the switching of the switching tube is controlled by the PWM wave, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the current in the stator winding of the input generator 1, and stabilizing the output voltage of the stator winding of the main generator.
- the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11 , the three-phase voltage rectified DC output voltage Udc output by the generator 1 , and any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator are obtained according to the detection.
- the method according to the embodiment of the present invention does not directly track the output voltage of the generator 1, but is dedicated to stabilizing the DC output voltage Udc of the three-phase voltage outputted by the generator 1 after being rectified, which can be effective. Improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide reliable guarantee for the converter to achieve inverter connection and grid work.
- the method in step S201, before the rectifying the AC input voltage, the method further includes: performing a step-down process on the AC input voltage.
- the method before the rectifying the AC input voltage, the method further includes: performing EMI (electromagnetic interference) filtering on the AC input voltage.
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- the AC input voltage may be stepped down, and then the stepped AC input voltage is EMI filtered, and then the filtered voltage is rectified.
- step S204 of the method of the present invention the DC input voltage obtained in the step S201 is inverted according to the PWM wave, and then rectified into a DC excitation voltage, and sent to the exciter of the generator.
- the specific process of the stator winding is described in detail. The process can include:
- Step 204-1 Inverting the DC input voltage obtained in the step 201 according to the PWM wave to obtain an AC voltage
- Step 204-2 Step-down and rectify the AC voltage obtained by the inverter to obtain a DC excitation voltage, which is sent to the exciter stator winding.
- the embodiment of the invention further provides an excitation device for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
- 3 is a structural diagram of an excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the excitation device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, and particularly to a wind power generation system of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator having an exciter coaxial with a main generator.
- the wind power generation system shown in FIG. 1 is still taken as an example for description.
- the wind power generation system may include: a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator 1, and a current transformer 3.
- the exciter of the generator 1 is coaxially connected to the main generator.
- the structure of the generator 1 shown in Fig. 3 is the same as that shown in Fig. 1, and will not be described again.
- the converter 3 has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is connected to the main generator stator winding of the generator 1, and receives the generator.
- the DC output voltage Udc is outputted to the excitation device 2.
- the exciter stator winding of the generator 1 receives the excitation output of the exciter 2 as a load of the excitation device 2.
- the excitation device 2 may include: a first rectifier circuit 23, an excitation power output portion, and a control portion.
- the first rectifier circuit 23 is configured to output a DC input voltage to the excitation power output portion after rectifying the AC input voltage.
- the AC input voltage may be provided by an operating power supply (shown as 21 in FIG. 1), and the AC input voltage outputted by the operating power supply 21 is rectified by the first rectifying circuit 23, and the DC input voltage is output. To the excitation power output portion.
- an operating power supply shown as 21 in FIG. 1
- the AC input voltage outputted by the operating power supply 21 is rectified by the first rectifying circuit 23, and the DC input voltage is output. To the excitation power output portion.
- the control portion detects the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the output voltages of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, And the generator speed is controlled by the excitation current If inner loop control and the DC output voltage Udc outer loop, outputting a PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting the excitation current output portion to the excitation current of the generator 1
- the output voltage of the generator 1 is stabilized, and the stability of the operation of the power system is improved.
- the excitation power output portion inverts the DC input voltage output from the first rectifying circuit 23 based on the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and then rectifies the DC input current into a DC exciting current, and outputs it to the exciter stator winding.
- control portion may include: a controller 28, a rotation speed detecting circuit 30, a sampling conditioning circuit 31, a communication interface circuit 33, and an auxiliary power supply circuit 27.
- the controller 28 is a core of the control part, and can be implemented by using a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- the sampling conditioning voltage 31 is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator. Output to the controller 28.
- the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31 is described by taking the line voltage Uac of two phases of V and W as an example.
- the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 is configured to detect the rotation speed of the generator 1 and output it to the controller 28.
- the controller 28 is configured to: according to the received excitation voltage Uf and excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and any two of the stator windings of the main generator
- the output voltage of the phase and the generator speed are controlled by the inner loop control of the excitation current If and the outer loop of the DC output voltage Udc to obtain the required duty ratio of the output, and generate a PWM corresponding to the duty ratio of the duty cycle (Pulse Width) Modulation, pulse width modulation) Wave, output to the excitation power output section.
- the communication interface circuit 33 is configured to implement a communication connection between the excitation device 2 and the converter 3 of the wind power generator.
- the communication interface circuit 33 may be composed of a CAN (Controller Area Network) interface circuit and a serial interface circuit portion.
- the controller 28 and the converter 3 are connected by a CAN interface circuit, and communicated by using a CAN bus to coordinate the operation of the excitation device; the controller 28 is connected to the host computer through a serial port interface circuit to realize communication, For program maintenance.
- the upper computer is used to control the working state of the excitation system of the entire DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is configured to provide operating power for the controller 28, the pulse control circuit 24, the communication interface circuit 33, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31.
- the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 can be realized by a synchronous square wave converting circuit.
- the synchronous square wave converting circuit receives the line voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31, and converts the line voltage into a square wave signal with the same line voltage period. Input to the capture port of the DSP processor.
- the DSP processor acquires a period of the square wave signal according to the captured square wave signal; and the power generation can be obtained because the square wave signal has the same period as the line voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator
- the cycle of the machine is converted to the frequency of the generator and, in turn, converted to the speed of the generator.
- the specific implementation of the synchronous square wave conversion circuit will be described in detail later.
- control portion may further include: a digital input and output circuit 29.
- the digital input and output circuit 29 terminates the converter 3 and the other end is connected to the controller 28.
- the converter 3 can transmit a shutdown control signal to the digital input/output circuit 29; when the external abnormality is eliminated, The converter 3 sends an open control signal to the digital input and output circuit 29.
- the switch input/output circuit 29 is configured to directly turn off the excitation current output of the excitation device by the controller 28 when receiving the shutdown control signal; and turn on the excitation by the controller 28 when receiving the turn-on control signal Device.
- the excitation power output portion may include: a pulse control circuit 24, a high frequency pulse transformer 25, and a second rectifier circuit 26.
- the pulse control circuit 24 is configured to invert the DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23 according to the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and output the inverted AC voltage to the high Frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the high frequency pulse transformer 25 is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifier circuit 26 after stepping down the AC voltage.
- the second rectifier circuit 26 rectifies the stepped AC voltage into a DC excitation current and outputs the resultant to the exciter stator winding.
- the working principle of the excitation device 2 of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention is:
- the fan blade of the synchronous wind turbine 1 drives the main shaft of the generator 1 to rotate through the gearbox.
- the exciter rotor armature is coupled to the main generator rotor armature through the rotary rectifier 12.
- the excitation device 2 detects the terminal voltage of any two phases of the main generator 13 (in the present embodiment, the terminal voltage Uac of the two phases of V and W is taken as an example), and the main generator 13 is detected by the capture port of the controller 28.
- Frequency and calculate the rotational speed of the main generator 13 by using the relationship between the rotational speed of the motor and the pole logarithm and frequency, and simultaneously detect the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and give the exciter stator according to the characteristics of the motor.
- the winding inputs the corresponding DC excitation current If.
- the duty cycle adjustable PWM wave is controlled by the controller 28, thereby controlling the switching of the switching transistor in the pulse control circuit 24, thereby realizing controllable energy of the input high frequency pulse transformer 25, which is then passed through the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the energy is reduced to an appropriate voltage level and output to the exciter stator winding of the generator 1, Thereby, the excitation current If is adjustable.
- the pulse output from the high-frequency transformer 25 can be converted into a direct current to realize DC excitation.
- This DC current If forms a directional magnetic field on the stator windings of the exciter.
- the exciter rotor armature rotates with the fan blade propeller, a set of three-phase alternating current is generated in the exciter rotor armature, and the three-phase alternating current is rectified by the rotary rectifier 12 fixed on the generator main shaft, and then output.
- the direct current is supplied to the main generator rotor armature, thereby establishing a rotating magnetic field in the main generator 13.
- the coil of the stator winding of the main generator starts to cut the magnetic field line of the rotating magnetic field.
- an alternating voltage output is generated in the stator winding of the main generator, and finally the fan generates electricity, and the three-phase electric power is generated.
- the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is rectified and detected by the excitation device 2 to realize outer loop control of the DC output voltage Udc, so that the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is stable and controllable.
- the controller 28 includes: a first subtractor 283, a first PI (proportional integral) regulator 284, an adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282, a second subtractor 285, a second PI regulator 286, and a PWM generator 287.
- the positive input terminal of the first subtractor 283 receives the given reference voltage Ug, and the negative input terminal thereof receives the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 via the sampling conditioning circuit 31, and the output thereof The terminal outputs a first comparison result to the first PI regulator 284.
- the first PI regulator 284 performs an incremental PI calculation on the first comparison result, and outputs a first calculation result to the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282.
- the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282 sets an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc at the current rotation speed according to the detected current rotation speed of the generator 1, and receives the first adjustment from the first PI regulator 284.
- the product of the calculation result and the adjustment coefficient is output as the excitation current reference value Ig to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285.
- the rotation speed n of the generator 1 is divided into sections, and the adjustment coefficient of the corresponding DC output voltage Udc is set for each section of the rotation speed.
- the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282 determines an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc corresponding to the current rotation speed according to the detected interval of the current rotation speed of the generator 1, and receives the adjustment coefficient from the first PI regulator 284. A calculation result is multiplied by the adjustment coefficient, and the obtained product is output as the excitation current reference value Ig to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285.
- the positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285 receives the excitation current reference value Ig output by the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282, and the negative input terminal receives the excitation current If detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31, and outputs the output end thereof.
- the second comparison result is to the second PI regulator 286.
- the second PI regulator 286 performs an incremental PI calculation on the second comparison result, and outputs a required duty value to the PWM generator 287.
- the PWM generator 287 generates a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value, and outputs it to the excitation power output portion.
- the on/off of the MOSFET switch tube in the pulse control circuit 24 is controlled by the PWM wave, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the current in the stator winding of the exciter of the input generator 1, and stabilizing the output voltage of the stator winding of the main generator.
- the control portion obtains the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11 , the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection.
- the output voltage of the two phases and the generator speed are controlled by the excitation current If inner loop control and the DC output voltage Udc outer loop, and output corresponding PWM waves to the excitation power output portion, and adjust the excitation power output portion to be delivered to the
- the excitation current of the generator 1 stabilizes the output voltage of the generator 1 and improves the stability of the operation of the power system.
- the excitation device does not directly track the output voltage of the generator 1, but is dedicated to stabilizing the three-phase voltage output by the generator 1 after being rectified by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32.
- the output DC output voltage Udc can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the converter to achieve grid-connected operation.
- the controller 28 can be implemented by using a DSP chip dsPIC30F4011 in the field of motor and motion control.
- the excitation device can fully utilize the rich resources of the DSP chip and combine with DSP software programming to easily implement various control algorithms and A variety of communication methods improve the reliability and response real-time performance of the excitation device.
- the DSP chip dsPIC30F4011 can directly specify the duty value required for the output through the register, thereby realizing a fast and reliable wide-range output of the excitation current, so as to adapt to the wind generator to output a stable DC output voltage Udc even when the wind speed changes rapidly. .
- the excitation device of this embodiment may further include: an AC transformer 22.
- the alternating current transformer 22 is connected between the working power supply 21 and the first rectifying circuit 23, and the alternating current input voltage outputted by the working power supply 21 is converted to a predetermined voltage level by the alternating current transformer 22, and then input to the The first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
- the excitation device of the embodiment may further include: an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filter circuit 34.
- the EMI filter circuit 34 may be connected between the AC voltage converter 22 and the first rectifier circuit 23, and configured to filter the AC input voltage after the AC voltage converter 22 is transformed, and then send the The first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
- the EMI filter circuit may be further included, and the EMI filter circuit may be directly connected between the working power source 21 and the first rectifier circuit 23 for filtering the AC input voltage and then sending the signal to the AC input voltage.
- the first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is configured to provide working power for the controller 28, the pulse control circuit 24, the communication interface circuit 33, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 can be a separate power supply, and each of the circuits is provided with a required operating power; the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 can also utilize the DC voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23, The conversion is provided to each circuit to provide the required working power, so that the excitation power output portion of the excitation device and the power supply of the control portion are both provided by the same working power source 21, saving power.
- FIG. 5 it is a circuit structural diagram of an auxiliary power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is a single-ended flyback switching power supply using a high frequency transformer and a driver chip UC3844.
- the high frequency transformer has a plurality of secondary windings, one for each secondary winding.
- An input end of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to an output end of the first rectifying circuit 23, and an AC input voltage outputted by the working power supply 21 is converted and rectified by a voltage level of the AC transformer 22 and the first rectifying circuit 23. After that, the output DC input voltage is applied to the transformer at the beginning of the switching power supply.
- the drive chip UC3844 controls the on and off of the switch tube Q1 to transfer energy to the secondary winding of the transformer of the switching power supply.
- the primary winding of the transformer absorbs energy from the output end of the first rectifier circuit 23; when the switch tube Q1 is turned off, the transformer converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and transmits it to the switch.
- the secondary windings of the transformer of the power supply are the primary winding of the transformer absorbs energy from the output end of the first rectifier circuit 23; when the switch tube Q1 is turned off, the transformer converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and transmits it to the switch.
- the output of the first secondary winding W1 of the transformer is regulated by the chip U7805CV, and the DC+5V voltage is output to supply power to the controller 28.
- the outputs of the second secondary winding W2 and the third secondary winding W3 of the transformer are respectively regulated by the chips U7815CV and U7915CV, and output DC+15V and DC-15V voltages, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31 is supplied with power to ensure the output.
- the voltage to the controller 28 is stabilized.
- the fourth secondary winding W4, the fifth secondary winding W5 and the sixth secondary winding W6 of the transformer output three independent +20V voltages which are not common, as the switching transistor driving chip of the pulse control circuit 24 Working power supply.
- the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 shown in FIG. 5 is used, so that the excitation power output portion of the excitation device and the power supply of the control portion are both provided by the same working power source 21, and the design of the switching power supply circuit is Each circuit module of the control section is powered. Compared with the DC-DC power supply which respectively sets the corresponding specifications for each circuit module, the design cost, the tubular circuit structure, and the requirement for the use environment can be greatly saved, so that the integration of the excitation device is higher.
- the switching power supply allows a wide variation range of the input voltage, so that the output of the excitation device is widely adjustable, so that the brushless synchronous wind generator still has a large range of wind speed variation. It is capable of outputting a stable DC output voltage Udc.
- the excitation power output portion includes: a pulse control circuit 24, a high frequency pulse transformer 25, and a second rectifier circuit 26.
- the pulse control circuit 24 is configured to invert the DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23 according to the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and output the inverted AC voltage to the high Frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the high frequency pulse transformer 25 is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifier circuit 26 after stepping down the AC voltage.
- the second rectifier circuit 26 rectifies the stepped AC voltage into a DC excitation current and outputs the same to the exciter stator winding.
- the pulse control circuit 24 may include a signal driving circuit 241, a second MOS transistor Q2, a third MOS transistor Q3, a fourth MOS transistor Q4, and a fifth MOS transistor Q5.
- the input end of the signal driving circuit 241 is connected to the PWM pulse signal outputted by the controller 28.
- the output end of the signal driving circuit 241 is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the gate of the third MOS transistor Q3.
- the drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 are short-circuited, and are connected to the first output end of the first rectifier circuit 23.
- the source of the second MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of the third MOS transistor Q3, and its common terminal is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the source of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the drain of the fifth MOS transistor Q5, and the common terminal thereof is connected to the second end of the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the drain of the third MOS transistor Q3 and the drain of the fifth MOS transistor Q5 are short-circuited to be connected to the second output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 23.
- the second rectifier circuit 26 of the embodiment of the present invention may be a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes.
- the second rectifier circuit 26 may include: a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, and a fourth diode D4.
- the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3;
- the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1.
- a common end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is connected to a first end of the secondary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25; the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 The common terminal terminates the second end of the secondary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the common end of the first diode D1 and the fourth diode D4 serves as a positive output end of the pulse control circuit, and is also a positive output end of the excitation device (shown as Idc+ in FIG. 6);
- the common terminal of the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 serves as a negative output terminal of the pulse control circuit, and is also a negative output terminal of the excitation device (shown as Idc- in FIG. 6).
- the excitation power output portion may further include: a filtering and freewheeling circuit 35, the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 is connected to an output end of the second rectifying circuit 26, and configured to be used for the second rectifying circuit
- the output DC excitation voltage is filtered, and then output to the exciter stator winding as the excitation output of the excitation device.
- the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 can be a RC absorption circuit.
- the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 may include: a first resistor R1, a first capacitor Cl, and a fifth diode D5.
- the first resistor R1 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1, and is coupled between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse control circuit; the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the cathode
- the positive output of the pulse control circuit, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the negative output of the pulse control circuit.
- the DC input voltage output from the first rectifier circuit 23 is input to the pulse control circuit 24.
- the pulse control circuit 24 is composed of a signal driving circuit 241 and a switching transistor.
- the controller 28 controls a PWM wave of a certain duty ratio, and the signal driving circuit 241 controls the switching of the switching tube.
- the third switching transistor, the third MOS transistor Q3 and the fifth MOS transistor Q5, which are the lower arms of the pulse control circuit 24, are always in a high conduction state when the PWM pulse signal is not received. This can function to freewheel the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
- the PWM wave outputted by the controller 28 is a center symmetric complementary type with a fixed dead zone, so that the up and down through of the same bridge arm of the pulse control circuit 24 can be avoided.
- the energy outputted by the switching tube of the pulse control circuit 24 is converted by the high frequency pulse transformer 25, and then output to the exciter via the second rectifying circuit 26, the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35, and the reverse fast recovery diode.
- Stator winding The exciter stator winding is a large inductive load, and the output pulse amount of the high-frequency pulse transformer 25 can be filtered into a direct current as long as the period of the PWM wave outputted by the controller 28 is much smaller than the time constant of the load. Thereby achieving DC excitation of the synchronous generator.
- the sampling conditioning circuit 31 of the embodiment of the invention is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator.
- the output voltage is output to the controller 28 after the respective signals are detected and processed accordingly.
- the sampling conditioning circuit 31 includes: a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, and a third sampling circuit. Referring to FIG. 7a to FIG. 7c, respectively, a first sampling circuit and a second sampling power according to an embodiment of the present invention Circuit, and circuit diagram of the third sampling circuit.
- the first sampling circuit is configured to detect an output voltage between any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and correspondingly process the voltage, and output the signal to the controller 28.
- the first sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
- One end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the third resistor R3 are respectively connected to any one of the stator windings of the main generator, and the other end of the second resistor R2 and the other end of the third resistor R3 are connected.
- the input of a Hall voltage sensor is a Hall voltage sensor.
- the output end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a fixed end of the adjustable resistor W1.
- the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the second capacitor C2 are all connected in parallel between the output of the first Hall voltage sensor and the ground.
- the other fixed end of the adjustable resistor W1 is grounded via a seventh resistor R7, and the sliding end of the adjustable resistor W1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the first voltage follower U1 via an eighth resistor R8.
- the output end of the first voltage follower U1 is connected to one end of the ninth resistor R9, and the negative input end of the first voltage follower U1 is short-circuited with the output end thereof; the positive input end of the first voltage follower U1 is The third capacitor C3 is grounded.
- the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10 and one end of the eleventh resistor R11; the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the working power source Vrer; the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 One end of the fourth capacitor C4 and one input of the controller 28 are connected.
- the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded.
- the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator (in FIG. 7a, only the voltage Uac of the two phases of U and V is taken as an example) is divided by the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3.
- the first Hall voltage sensor converts the received strong electric signal into a weak electric signal, and simultaneously acts as a strong electric and weak electric isolation; and passes through the first Hall voltage
- the signal after the sensor conversion passes through the voltage division of the adjustable resistor W1, the fourth resistor R4, and the seventh resistor R7, and the RC filter (the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the second capacitor C2), the first A voltage follower U1, and a subsequent voltage boost circuit, are finally input to the controller 28.
- the controller 28 has a 10-bit AD converter built therein, and samples the received signal.
- the sampling frequency can be set by the controller 28.
- the highest sampling frequency can reach 1 MHz, which satisfies the requirements of sampling accuracy and speed.
- the real-time nature of control provides the necessary protection.
- the voltage boosting circuit is composed of a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and an eleventh resistor R11, and is used for converting the signal outputted by the first voltage follower U1 to between 0 and 5V to avoid a negative voltage.
- the second sampling circuit is configured to detect the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and perform corresponding processing on the DC output voltage Udc, and output the signal to the controller 28.
- the second sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
- One end of the twelfth resistor R12 and one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 are respectively connected to the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 and the tenth The other end of the three resistor R13 is connected to the input of the second Hall voltage sensor.
- the output of the second Hall voltage sensor is connected to the positive input terminal of the second voltage follower U2 via the fourteenth resistor R14.
- the output end of the second voltage follower U2 is connected to one end of the fifteenth resistor R15, the negative input end of the second voltage follower U2 is shorted to the output end thereof; the positive input end of the second voltage follower U2 Grounded via the fifth capacitor C5.
- the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to one end of the sixth capacitor C6 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
- the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded.
- the principle of the second sampling circuit is similar to that of the first sampling circuit, except that the second sampling circuit has no voltage raising circuit, and details are not described herein.
- the third sampling circuit is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, and process the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If, and output the same to the controller 28.
- the third sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
- the current sensor is connected in series with the positive input end of the exciter stator winding, and the output end of the current sensor is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor R16 and one end of the eighth capacitor C8.
- the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to one end of the seventh capacitor C7 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
- the other end of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded; the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is grounded.
- One end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the negative input end of the exciter stator winding, and one end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the positive input end of the exciter stator winding.
- the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to an input end of the third voltage sensor U3 via the eighteenth resistor R18, and the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the third voltage sensor via the twentieth resistor R20. Another input to U3.
- the output end of the third voltage sensor U3 is connected to one end of the twenty-first resistor R21 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
- the other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is grounded.
- the voltage sensor in the third sampling circuit can adopt a Hall current type voltage sensor, and the seventh resistor R17, the eighteenth resistor R18, the nineteenth resistor R19, and the twentieth resistor R20 through the resistor.
- the voltage to be measured ie the voltage across the stator windings of the exciter
- the voltage to be measured is converted into a current to increase the immunity to interference.
- it is converted into a small current signal by the Hall current type voltage sensor, and finally converted into a voltage signal by the twenty-first resistor R21, and input to the AD converter inside the controller 28 for sampling.
- the current sensor for detecting the excitation current If can use a non-contact Hall current sensor to achieve the isolation effect.
- the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 when the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 is realized by a synchronous square wave converting circuit, the synchronous square wave converting circuit can be as shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a synchronous square wave conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the synchronous square wave conversion circuit 30 may include:
- One end of the twenty-second resistor R22 and one end of the twenty-third resistor R23 are respectively connected to any one of the stator windings of the main generator, the other end of the twenty-second resistor R22 and the twenty-third resistor The other end of R23 is connected to the input of the fourth Hall voltage sensor.
- the output of the fourth Hall voltage sensor is connected to the negative input terminal of the zero comparator U3 via the twenty-fourth resistor R24.
- the positive input terminal of the zero-crossing comparator U3 is grounded; the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the zero-crossing comparator
- the output end of the zero-crossing comparator U3 is connected to one end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25, and the other end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25 is connected to one end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26, the anode of the sixth diode D6, The cathode of the seventh Zener diode D7.
- the other end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the +5V working power supply; the anode of the seventh Zener diode D7 is connected to one end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27.
- the other end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode D6, and is commonly connected to an input terminal of the controller 28.
- the synchronous square wave converting circuit 30 receives the line voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning circuit 31, and the line voltage is input to the fourth Hall voltage sensor after being divided by the resistor. Signal conversion is performed, and the converted signal is input to the zero-crossing comparator U3. Such a sine wave signal is converted into a square wave signal having the same period as the line voltage after passing through the zero-crossing comparator U3 and the subsequent voltage limiting circuit. Input to the capture port of the controller 28, with the software to complete the acquisition of the motor frequency and speed.
- the embodiment further provides a coordinated control method for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, wherein the DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system includes: excitation A DC brushless synchronous wind turbine, a converter, and an excitation device coaxial with the main generator.
- the method is used to achieve coordinated work between the excitation device and the converter.
- the excitation device is the same as the excitation device described in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described again.
- the converter communicates with a controller of the excitation device through the communication interface circuit.
- the coordinated control method includes:
- the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit of the converter rectifies the three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputs a DC output voltage Udc to the excitation device.
- the excitation device acts as a slave of the converter, uploading operating parameters to the converter.
- the operating parameters include a frequency and a rotational speed of the generator, a terminal voltage of the generator, an excitation current and an excitation voltage, a duty ratio of the PWM wave, and the like.
- the excitation device adjusts an excitation current delivered to the generator according to a rotational speed of the generator such that the DC output voltage Udc is stabilized.
- the converter performs start-stop control of the excitation device according to the rotational speed of the generator, and performs grid-connected control according to the DC output voltage Udc.
- the converter detects that the speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed threshold
- Dissolving an opening control signal to the excitation device the excitation device is turned on by the controller; and when the current transformer detects that the rotation speed of the generator is less than the preset speed threshold, the shutdown is performed
- the control signal is sent to the excitation device, and the excitation current output of the excitation device is directly turned off by the controller to stop the operation of the generator.
- the preset speed threshold may be specifically set according to actual needs. For example, it can be set to 480rmp/min.
- the converter receives the DC output voltage Udc uploaded by the excitation device, and when the DC output voltage Udc reaches a certain voltage threshold, sends a grid connection control signal to the excitation device.
- the certain voltage threshold can be specifically set according to actual needs. For example, if it is set to 1040V, the grid-connected operation is performed when the DC output voltage Ud reaches 1040V.
- the converter After performing the grid-connected operation, during the power generation of the generator, the converter is responsible for adjusting the power factor of the generator and other requirements required for the stability of the power system, and inverting the DC output voltage Udc to meet The AC voltage required by the network.
- the present embodiment further provides a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system.
- the system includes a DC brushless synchronous wind generator, a converter, and an excitation device.
- the exciter of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator is coaxially connected with the main generator.
- the converter has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected to a stator winding of a main generator for rectifying a three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputting a DC output voltage to the Excitation device.
- the excitation device provides an excitation current for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
- the excitation device is the same as the excitation device described in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described again.
- the control part obtains the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the generator, the DC voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection, And a generator speed, using an excitation current inner loop control and a DC voltage outer loop control, outputting a corresponding PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting an excitation current outputted by the excitation power output portion to the generator to generate electricity
- the output voltage of the machine is stable, which improves the stability of the operation of the power system.
- the excitation device and system according to the embodiment of the present invention do not directly track the output voltage of the generator, but are dedicated to stabilizing the output of the three-phase voltage of the generator through the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
- the DC voltage can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the inverter to achieve grid-connected operation.
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Abstract
An exciting method, device and system of direct-current brushless synchronous wind driven generator. The voltage of a stator winding of a primary generator is rectified to obtain a direct-current output voltage. In combination with the direct-current output voltage, the exciting voltage and the exciting current of an exciter, and rotation speed information of the generator, the system performs inner loop control of the exciting current and performs outer loop control of the direct-current output voltage, and transmits the direct-current exciting voltage to a stator winding of the exciter of the generator by using a method of pulse width modulation. By adjusting the magnitude of the exciting current transmitted to the generator, the output voltage of the generator may be stabilized.
Description
一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法、 装置及*** 本申请要求于 2011 年 4 月 21 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110101030.8、 发明名称为 "一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法、 装 置及***" 的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 Excitation method, device and system for DC brushless synchronous wind generator The present application claims to be submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on April 21, 2011, the application number is 201110101030.8, and the invention name is "a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator" Priority of Chinese Patent Application for Excitation Method, Apparatus, and System, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
技术领域 本发明涉及风力发电技术领域,特别是涉及一种直流无刷同步风力发电机 的励磁方法、 装置及***。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of wind power generation technologies, and in particular, to an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
背景技术 Background technique
发电机是风力发电***中最重要的设备。 目前,风力发电采用的电机基本 有两种: 异步电机和同步电机。 与之对应的风机变流器也有两种: 双馈式和全 功率式。 异步电机配以双馈式变流器, 同步电机配以全功率变流器, 形成两种 不同的风力发电机组。对于任何风力发电机而言,励磁控制的实现都是至关重 要的。 尤其是对无刷励磁同步发电机而言, 无刷励磁***是其最核心、 最关键 的组成部分。 Generators are the most important equipment in wind power systems. At present, there are basically two types of motors used in wind power generation: asynchronous motors and synchronous motors. There are also two types of fan converters: double-fed and full-power. The asynchronous motor is equipped with a doubly-fed converter, and the synchronous motor is equipped with a full-power converter to form two different wind turbines. For any wind turbine, the implementation of excitation control is critical. Especially for brushless excitation synchronous generators, the brushless excitation system is its core and most critical component.
通常, 发电机在转动时, 需要一个旋转磁场(大多数的无刷同步发电机组 都是旋转磁场式的), 这磁场多数是由直流电源通过转子线圏来形成, 以建立 直流磁场, 通常称之为励磁功率输出部分。 另外, 为了使发电机在负荷变化时 机端电压基本保持恒定,还需要一个能随发电机端电压变化来调整这个直流电 源输出的调节器。 这两方面就是励磁控制装置所要完成的任务。 Usually, when the generator is rotating, it needs a rotating magnetic field (most of the brushless synchronous generator sets are rotating magnetic field type). Most of the magnetic field is formed by the DC power supply through the rotor coil to establish a DC magnetic field. It is the excitation power output part. In addition, in order to keep the voltage of the generator at a constant value when the load changes, a regulator that adjusts the output of the DC power as the voltage at the generator terminal changes is also required. These two aspects are the tasks that the excitation control device has to accomplish.
发电机输出电压的稳定,是通过控制励磁电流的大小来实现的。发电机的 励磁控制装置就是用于采集发电机电压和电流的变化以及其他输入信号,并根 据控制准则控制供给发电机转子线圏的励磁电流。发电机的励磁控制对于维持 电力***的电压水平、提高电力***稳定运行的能力、 改善电力***及发电机 的运行条件等起到非常重要的作用。 The stability of the generator output voltage is achieved by controlling the magnitude of the field current. The excitation control of the generator is used to collect changes in the generator voltage and current as well as other input signals, and to control the excitation current supplied to the generator rotor turns according to the control criteria. The excitation control of the generator plays a very important role in maintaining the voltage level of the power system, improving the ability of the power system to operate stably, and improving the operating conditions of the power system and the generator.
因此,如何实现对发电机的励磁控制,特别是针对直流无刷同步风力发电 机的励磁控制, 来实现发电机输出电压的稳定, 保障电力***的稳定性, 是本 领域技术人员急需解决的技术问题。 Therefore, how to realize the excitation control of the generator, especially for the excitation control of the DC brushless synchronous wind generator, to achieve the stability of the generator output voltage and ensure the stability of the power system is a technology that is urgently needed to be solved by those skilled in the art. problem.
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方 法、 装置及***, 能够通过调节输送至所述发电机的励磁电流的大小, 实现发 电机输出电压的稳定, 保障电力***的稳定性。 Summary of the invention In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which can stabilize the output voltage of the generator by adjusting the magnitude of the excitation current delivered to the generator. Guarantee the stability of the power system.
本发明实施例提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法,所述直流无 刷同步风力发电机的励磁机与主发电机同轴连接; Embodiments of the present invention provide an excitation method for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, wherein an exciter of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator is coaxially connected with a main generator;
所述方法包括: The method includes:
步骤 1: 对交流输入电压整流, 得到直流输入电压; Step 1: Rectify the AC input voltage to obtain a DC input voltage;
步骤 2: 检测得到所述主发电机的定子绕组输出的三相电压, 对所述三相 电压整流后得到直流输出电压; Step 2: detecting a three-phase voltage outputted by the stator winding of the main generator, and rectifying the three-phase voltage to obtain a DC output voltage;
步骤 3: 检测得到所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、 主发电机定子绕组 任意两相的输出电压、及发电机当前转速, 结合所述步骤 2中整流得到的直流 输出电压、 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到 PWM波; 步骤 4: 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 1中得到的直流输入电压进行逆 变后, 再整流为直流励磁电压, 输送至所述发电机的励磁机定子绕组。 Step 3: Detecting the excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotational speed of the generator, combined with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and the excitation current The inner loop control and the DC output voltage outer loop control obtain a PWM wave; Step 4: according to the PWM wave, invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1, and then rectify into a DC excitation voltage, and deliver it to the station. The exciter stator winding of the generator.
优选地, 步骤 3中所述通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到 PWM波, 包括: Preferably, in step 3, the excitation current inner loop control and the direct current output voltage outer loop control are used to obtain the PWM wave, including:
步骤 31: 将给定基准电压与所述步骤 2中整流得到的直流输出电压相比 较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到第一计算结果; Step 31: Comparing the given reference voltage with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and performing an incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a first calculation result;
步骤 32: 根据步骤 3 中检测得到的发电机当前转速, 设定所述当前转速 下所述直流输出电压的调节系数; Step 32: setting an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current speed according to the current speed of the generator detected in step 3;
步骤 33: 将所述调节系数与步骤 31中得到的第一计算结果相乘, 得到励 磁电流给定值; Step 33: Multiplying the adjustment coefficient by the first calculation result obtained in step 31 to obtain a excitation current reference value;
步骤 34: 将所述励磁电流给定值与步骤 3中检测得到的励磁电流相比较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到需要的占空比值; Step 34: Comparing the excitation current set value with the excitation current detected in step 3, and performing incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a required duty cycle value;
步骤 35: 根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波。 Step 35: Generate a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value.
优选地, 所述步骤 3中检测得到发电机当前转速, 包括: Preferably, the current speed of the generator is detected in the step 3, including:
步骤 301: 检测得到主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压; Step 301: detecting an output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator;
步骤 302: 将所述输出电压转换为与所述输出电压周期相同的方波信号; 步骤 303: 获取所述方波信号的周期, 得到所述发电机的周期;
步骤 303: 将所述发电机的周期转化为发电机的频率, 根据所述发电机的 频率, 计算得到所述发电机的当前转速。 Step 302: Convert the output voltage into a square wave signal that is the same as the output voltage period. Step 303: Acquire a period of the square wave signal to obtain a period of the generator. Step 303: Convert a cycle of the generator into a frequency of the generator, and calculate a current speed of the generator according to a frequency of the generator.
优选的, 所述步骤 4包括: Preferably, the step 4 includes:
步骤 41: 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 1 中得到的直流输入电压进行 逆变, 得到交流电压; Step 41: Invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1 according to the PWM wave to obtain an AC voltage.
步骤 42: 对所述逆变得到的交流电压降压和整流, 得到直流励磁电压, 输送至所述励磁机定子绕组。 Step 42: Step-down and rectify the AC voltage obtained by the inverter to obtain a DC excitation voltage, which is sent to the exciter stator winding.
本发明实施例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置,用于直流 无刷同步风力发电***, 所述风力发电***包括: 励磁机与主发电机同轴的直 流无刷同步风力发电机、 以及变流器; The embodiment of the invention further provides an excitation device for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which is used for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, and the wind power generation system comprises: a DC brushless synchronous wind power coaxial with the main generator and the main generator Generator, and converter;
所述变流器具有三相不控整流电路,所述三相不控整流电路的输入端接主 发电机定子绕组, 用于对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出直流输出电压 至所述励磁装置; The converter has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected to a main generator stator winding for rectifying a three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputting a DC output voltage to the Exciting device
所述励磁装置包括: 第一整流电路、 励磁功率输出部分、 以及控制部分; 所述第一整流电路, 用于对交流输入电压整流后,输出直流输入电压至所 述励磁功率输出部分; The excitation device includes: a first rectifier circuit, an excitation power output portion, and a control portion; the first rectifier circuit is configured to, after rectifying the AC input voltage, output a DC input voltage to the excitation power output portion;
所述控制部分,检测得到所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、所述三相不 控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电 压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 输出 PWM波至所述励磁功率输出部分, 调节所述励磁功率输出部分输送至所述发 电机的励磁电流; The control portion detects an excitation voltage and an excitation current of the exciter, a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an output voltage of any two phases of a stator winding of the main generator, and a generator speed. Outputting a PWM wave to the excitation power output portion through an excitation current inner loop control and a DC output voltage outer loop control, and adjusting an excitation current delivered by the excitation power output portion to the generator;
所述励磁功率输出部分, 根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM波, 对所述第 一整流电路输出的直流输入电压进行逆变后,再整流为直流励磁电流,输出至 发电机的励磁机定子绕组。 The excitation power output portion inverts a DC input voltage outputted by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and then rectifies the DC excitation current to an exciter stator of the generator Winding.
优选地, 所述控制部分包括: 控制器、 转速检测电路、 采样调理电路、 通 讯接口电路、 以及辅助电源电路; Preferably, the control part comprises: a controller, a rotation speed detecting circuit, a sampling conditioning circuit, a communication interface circuit, and an auxiliary power supply circuit;
所述采样调理电路, 用于检测得到励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、三相不 控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相输出的电 压, 输出至所述控制器;
所述转速检测电路, 用于检测得到发电机的转速, 输出至所述控制器; 所述控制器, 用于根据接收到的所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、所述 三相不控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相输出 的电压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到输出需要的占空比, 并产生与所述占空比相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波, 输出 至所述励磁功率输出部分; The sampling conditioning circuit is configured to detect the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the exciter, the DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and output the voltage to the controller ; The rotation speed detecting circuit is configured to detect the rotation speed of the generator and output to the controller; the controller is configured to: according to the received excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the three-phase is not controlled The DC output voltage outputted by the rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and the generator speed are controlled by the inner loop control of the excitation current and the outer loop of the DC output voltage, thereby obtaining the duty ratio required for the output, and generating a PWM wave having a pulse width corresponding to the duty ratio is output to the excitation power output portion;
所述通讯接口电路, 用于实现所述励磁装置与变流器的通讯连接; 所述辅助电源电路, 用于为所述控制器、 所述脉沖控制电路、 所述通讯接 口电路、 所述采样调理电路提供工作电源。 The communication interface circuit is configured to implement a communication connection between the excitation device and the converter; the auxiliary power supply circuit is configured to be the controller, the pulse control circuit, the communication interface circuit, and the sampling The conditioning circuit provides operating power.
优选地, 所述控制器包括: 第一减法器、 第一 PI调节器、 调节系数计算 单元、 第二减法器、 第二 PI调节器、 PWM发生器; Preferably, the controller includes: a first subtractor, a first PI regulator, an adjustment coefficient calculation unit, a second subtractor, a second PI regulator, and a PWM generator;
所述第一减法器的正输入端接收所述给定基准电压,负输入端接收所述三 相不控整流电路经采样调理电路输出的直流输出电压,输出端输出第一比较结 果至所述第一 PI调节器; a positive input terminal of the first subtractor receives the given reference voltage, a negative input terminal receives a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit via a sampling conditioning circuit, and an output terminal outputs a first comparison result to the First PI regulator;
所述第一 PI调节器对所述第一比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出第一 计算结果至所述调节系数计算单元; After the first PI regulator performs incremental PI calculation on the first comparison result, outputting a first calculation result to the adjustment coefficient calculation unit;
所述调节系数计算单元,根据检测得到的所述发电机的当前转速,设定所 述当前转速下所述直流输出电压的调节系数,并将所述第一计算结果与所述调 节系数的乘积, 作为励磁电流给定值, 输出至所述第二减法器的正输入端; 所述第二减法器的正输入端接收所述励磁电流给定值,负输入端接收所述 采样调理电压检测得到的励磁电流, 输出端输出第二比较结果至所述第二 PI 调节器; The adjustment coefficient calculation unit sets an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current rotation speed according to the detected current rotation speed of the generator, and multiplies the first calculation result by the adjustment coefficient And outputting to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor as the excitation current reference value; receiving the excitation current reference value at the positive input end of the second subtractor, and receiving the sampling conditioning voltage detection at the negative input terminal The obtained excitation current, the output terminal outputs a second comparison result to the second PI regulator;
所述第二 PI调节器对所述第二比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出需要 的占空比值至所述 PWM发生器; The second PI regulator performs incremental PI calculation on the second comparison result, and outputs a required duty ratio value to the PWM generator;
所述 PWM发生器根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波, 并输 出至所述励磁功率输出部分。 The PWM generator generates a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width based on the duty ratio value, and outputs the PWM wave to the excitation power output portion.
优选地, 所述控制器为电机控制芯片 dsPIC30F4011。 Preferably, the controller is a motor control chip dsPIC30F4011.
优选地, 所述通讯接口电路包括: CAN接口电路与串口接口电路; 所述控制器通过 CAN接口电路与所述变流器相连;
所述控制器通过串口接口电路与上位机相连。 Preferably, the communication interface circuit comprises: a CAN interface circuit and a serial port interface circuit; the controller is connected to the converter through a CAN interface circuit; The controller is connected to the host computer through a serial port interface circuit.
优选地,所述辅助电源电路为高频变压器和驱动芯片 UC3844组成的单端 反激式开关电源。 Preferably, the auxiliary power supply circuit is a single-ended flyback switching power supply composed of a high frequency transformer and a driving chip UC3844.
优选地, 所述励磁功率输出部分包括: 脉沖控制电路、 高频脉沖变压器、 第二整流电路; Preferably, the excitation power output portion comprises: a pulse control circuit, a high frequency pulse transformer, and a second rectifier circuit;
所述脉沖控制电路, 用于根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM波, 对所述第 一整流电路输出的直流输入电压进行逆变,并将逆变得到的交流电压输出至所 述高频脉沖变压器; The pulse control circuit is configured to invert a DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and output an inverted AC voltage to the high frequency pulse Transformer
所述高频脉沖变压器, 用于将所述交流电压降压后,输出至所述第二整流 电路; The high frequency pulse transformer is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifying circuit after stepping down the alternating voltage;
所述第二整流电路, 用于将所述降压后的交流电压整流为直流励磁电流, 输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the step-down AC voltage into a DC excitation current, and output the same to the exciter stator winding.
优选地, 所述励磁功率输出部分还包括: 滤波及续流电路; Preferably, the excitation power output part further includes: a filtering and freewheeling circuit;
所述滤波及续流电路接在所述第二整流电路的输出端,用于对所述第二整 流电路输出的直流励磁电流进行滤波后, 再输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The filtering and freewheeling circuit is connected to the output end of the second rectifying circuit for filtering the DC excitation current output by the second rectifying circuit and then outputting to the exciter stator winding.
优选地, 所述励磁装置还包括: EMI滤波电路; Preferably, the excitation device further comprises: an EMI filter circuit;
所述 EMI滤波电路用于对所述交流输入电压进行滤波, 再送至所述第一 整流电路进行整流。 The EMI filter circuit is configured to filter the AC input voltage and send it to the first rectifier circuit for rectification.
本发明实施例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电***的协调控制方法,所 述方法用于所述的励磁装置和直流无刷同步风力发电***的变流器之间的协 调工作; The embodiment of the invention further provides a coordinated control method for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, wherein the method is used for coordination between the excitation device and a converter of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system;
所述方法包括: The method includes:
所述变流器对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出直流输出电压至所述 励磁装置; 根据所述发电机的转速对所述励磁装置进行启停控制, 同时根据所 述直流输出电压进行并网控制; The converter rectifies the three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputs a DC output voltage to the excitation device; and starts and stops the excitation device according to the rotation speed of the generator, and according to the DC output Voltage is connected to the grid;
所述励磁装置作为所述变流器的从机, 上传运行参数至变流器; 所述运行 参数中包括所述发电机的转速;所述励磁装置根据所述发电机的转速调节输送 至所述发电机的励磁电流, 使得所述直流输出电压稳定。 The excitation device acts as a slave of the converter, uploading an operating parameter to the converter; the operating parameter includes a rotational speed of the generator; and the excitation device adjusts the delivery to the device according to the rotational speed of the generator The excitation current of the generator is such that the DC output voltage is stabilized.
优选地, 所述变流器根据所述发电机的转速对所述励磁装置进行启停控
制, 包括: Preferably, the converter starts and stops the excitation device according to the rotation speed of the generator. System, including:
当所述发电机的转速大于预设的转速阈值时,所述变流器下发开启控制信 号至所述励磁装置, 开启所述励磁装置; 当所述发电机的转速小于所述预设的 转速阈值时, 所述变流器下发关断控制信号至所述励磁装置, 关断所述励磁装 置的励磁电流输出。 When the rotation speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed threshold, the converter sends an opening control signal to the excitation device to turn on the excitation device; when the rotation speed of the generator is less than the preset At the speed threshold, the converter sends a shutdown control signal to the excitation device to turn off the excitation current output of the excitation device.
优选地, 所述变流器根据所述直流输出电压进行并网控制, 包括: 当所述直流输出电压达到预设的电压阈值时,所述变流器下发并网控制信 号至所述励磁装置。 Preferably, the converter performs grid-connecting control according to the DC output voltage, including: when the DC output voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold, the converter sends a grid-connected control signal to the excitation Device.
本发明实施例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电***, 所述***包括: 励 磁机与主发电机同轴连接的直流无刷同步风力发电机、 变流器、 以及所述的励 磁装置; The embodiment of the present invention further provides a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, the system comprising: a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, a converter, and the excitation device coaxially connected to the main generator and the main generator;
所述励磁装置为所述直流无刷同步风力发电机提供励磁电流 The excitation device provides excitation current for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator
根据本发明提供的具体实施例, 本发明公开了以下技术效果: According to a specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
本发明实施例中,所述控制部分根据检测得到所述发电机的励磁电压和励 磁电流、所述三相不控整流电路输出的直流电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意 两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 采用励磁电流内环控制和直流电压外环控 制, 输出相应的 PWM波至所述励磁功率输出部分, 调节所述励磁功率输出部 分输送至所述发电机的励磁电流,使得发电机的输出电压稳定,提高电力*** 运行的稳定性。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the control part obtains the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the generator, the DC voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection, And a generator speed, using an excitation current inner loop control and a DC voltage outer loop control, outputting a corresponding PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting an excitation current outputted by the excitation power output portion to the generator to generate electricity The output voltage of the machine is stable, which improves the stability of the operation of the power system.
本发明实施例所述励磁装置, 并不直接跟踪所述发电机的输出端电压, 而 是致力于稳定所述发电机输出的三相电压经所述三相不控整流电路整流后输 出的直流电压, 能够有效的改善***的动态品质, 为变流器实现逆变并网工作 提供可靠保障。 The excitation device according to the embodiment of the present invention does not directly track the output voltage of the generator, but is dedicated to stabilizing the DC output of the three-phase voltage output by the generator after being rectified by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit. The voltage can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the inverter to achieve grid-connected operation.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例中所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是 本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性 的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。 In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely the present invention. For some embodiments, other drawings may be obtained from those skilled in the art without departing from the drawings.
图 1为本发明实施例的直流无刷同步风力发电机的结构图;
图 2为本发明实施例的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法流程图; 图 3为本发明实施例的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置结构图; 图 4为本发明实施例的控制器结构图; 1 is a structural view of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2 is a flow chart of an excitation method of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention; Controller structure diagram;
图 5为本发明实施例的辅助电源电路的电路结构图; FIG. 5 is a circuit structural diagram of an auxiliary power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图 6为本发明实施例的励磁功率输出部分的电路结构图; 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of a field power output portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 7a为本发明实施例的第一采样电路的电路结构图; 7a is a circuit structural diagram of a first sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 7b为本发明实施例的第二采样电路的电路结构图; 7b is a circuit structural diagram of a second sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 7c为本发明实施例的第三采样电路的电路结构图; 7c is a circuit structural diagram of a third sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 8为本发明实施例的同步方波变换电路的电路结构图。 FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a synchronous square wave conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂, 下面结合附图和 具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。 The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方 法、 装置及***, 能够通过调节输送至所述发电机的励磁电流的大小, 实现发 电机输出电压的稳定, 保障电力***的稳定性。 In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an excitation method, device and system for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, which can stabilize the output voltage of the generator by adjusting the magnitude of the excitation current delivered to the generator. Guarantee the stability of the power system.
本发明实施例提供的励磁方法用于直流无刷同步风力发电机,尤其是用于 励磁机与主发电机同轴的直流无刷同步风力发电机, 例如图 1所示。 The excitation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator, in particular to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator coaxial with the main generator and the main generator, as shown in FIG.
参照图 1 , 为本发明实施例的直流无刷同步风力发电机的结构图。 本发明 实施例以图 1所示的发电机为例进行说明,本发明实施例所述方法适用于任何 励磁机与主发电机同轴的直流无刷同步风力发电机,可以但不限于图 1所示结 构。 1 is a structural diagram of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention is described by taking the generator shown in FIG. 1 as an example. The method of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a DC brushless synchronous wind generator coaxial with any main generator and the main generator, which may be, but is not limited to, FIG. 1 . The structure shown.
如图 1所示, 所述发电机 1包括: 励磁机 11、 旋转整流器 12和主发电机 13。 其中, 所述励磁机 11和主发电机 13通过所述旋转整流器 12同轴连接。 As shown in Fig. 1, the generator 1 includes an exciter 11, a rotary rectifier 12, and a main generator 13. The exciter 11 and the main generator 13 are coaxially connected by the rotary rectifier 12.
具体的, 如图 1所示, 所述励磁机 11包括: 励磁机定子绕组和励磁机转 子电枢; 所述主发电机 13包括: 主发电机转子电枢和主发电机定子绕组。 其 中, 所述励磁机转子电枢和主发电机转子电枢通过所述旋转整流器 12同轴连 接; 所述励磁机定子绕组接收直流励磁电压。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the exciter 11 includes: an exciter stator winding and an exciter rotor armature; and the main generator 13 includes: a main generator rotor armature and a main generator stator winding. The exciter rotor armature and the main generator rotor armature are coaxially connected by the rotary rectifier 12; the exciter stator winding receives a DC excitation voltage.
参照图 2, 为本发明实施例所述直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法流程 图。 如图 2所示, 所述方法包括以下流程:
步骤 S201: 对交流输入电压整流, 得到直流输入电压。 2 is a flow chart of an excitation method of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes the following processes: Step S201: Rectifying the AC input voltage to obtain a DC input voltage.
步骤 S202: 检测得到所述主发电机定子绕组输出的三相电压, 对所述三 相电压整流后得到直流输出电压 Udc。 Step S202: Detecting a three-phase voltage outputted by the stator winding of the main generator, and rectifying the three-phase voltage to obtain a DC output voltage Udc.
需要说明的是, 所述发电机 1的主发电机定子绕组输出 U、 V、 W三相电 压, 步骤 S202中, 检测得到所述三相电压, 并对所述三相电压进行整流, 得 到直流输出电压 Udc。 It should be noted that the main generator stator winding of the generator 1 outputs U, V, W three-phase voltages, and in step S202, the three-phase voltage is detected, and the three-phase voltage is rectified to obtain a direct current. Output voltage Udc.
步骤 S203: 检测得到所述励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If、 主发 电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压、及发电机 1当前转速 n,结合所述步骤 S202 中整流得到的直流输出电压 Udc、 通过励磁电流 If 内环控制和直流输出电压 Udc外环控制, 得到输出需要的占空比, 并产生与所述占空比相应脉沖宽度的 PWM ( Pulse Width Modulation, 脉沖宽度调制) 波。 Step S203: detecting the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotation speed n of the generator 1, in combination with the DC output rectified in the step S202. The voltage Udc is controlled by the outer loop control of the excitation current If and the outer loop of the DC output voltage Udc to obtain a duty ratio required for the output, and generate a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave having a pulse width corresponding to the duty ratio. .
需要说明的是, 步骤 S203中, 检测得到所述主发电机定子绕组任意两相 的输出电压, 可以是所述主发电机定子绕组的 U、 V两相的输出线电压, 也可 以是 U、 W两相的输出线电压, 或者是 V、 W两相的输出线电压。 It should be noted that, in step S203, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator is detected, which may be the output line voltage of the U and V phases of the stator winding of the main generator, or may be U, W two-phase output line voltage, or the output line voltage of two phases of V and W.
步骤 S204: 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 S201中得到的直流输入电压 进行逆变后, 再整流为直流励磁电压, 输送至所述发电机的励磁机定子绕组。 Step S204: Inverting the DC input voltage obtained in the step S201 according to the PWM wave, and then rectifying into a DC excitation voltage, and transmitting the DC input voltage to the exciter stator winding of the generator.
本发明实施例所述励磁方法的工作原理为: The working principle of the excitation method in the embodiment of the present invention is:
在一定风速下, 同步风力发电机 1 的风机叶桨通过变速箱带动发电机 1 的主轴开始旋转, 该主轴上有两个转子电枢, 分别为励磁机转子电枢和主发电 机转子电枢。 所述励磁机转子电枢通过所述旋转整流器 12与所述主发电机转 子电枢相连。 本发明实施例所述励磁方法通过检测主发电机 13任两相的端电 压和主发电机 13的转速, 同时检测整流后的主发电机定子绕组的三相输出电 压, 根据电机的特性给励磁机定子绕组输入相应的直流励磁电流 If。 当发电机 1转速达到某一特定值后, 所述主发电机定子绕组输出的三相电压整流后的直 流输出电压 Udc稳定。 通过调节所述 PWM波的占空比, 控制开关管的通断, 实现输送至所述发电机的励磁机定子绕组的励磁电流 If可调。 At a certain wind speed, the fan blade of the synchronous wind turbine 1 drives the main shaft of the generator 1 to rotate through the gearbox. There are two rotor armatures on the main shaft, which are the exciter rotor armature and the main generator rotor armature. . The exciter rotor armature is coupled to the main generator rotor armature via the rotary rectifier 12. The excitation method according to the embodiment of the present invention detects the two-phase terminal voltage of the main generator 13 and the rotational speed of the main generator 13, and simultaneously detects the three-phase output voltage of the rectified main generator stator winding, and excites according to the characteristics of the motor. The stator winding is input with the corresponding DC excitation current If. When the rotational speed of the generator 1 reaches a certain value, the three-phase voltage rectified DC output voltage Udc outputted by the main generator stator winding is stabilized. By adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM wave, the on/off of the switching tube is controlled, and the exciting current If of the stator winding of the exciter delivered to the generator is adjusted.
由于励磁机定子绕组为大电感负载, 使得励磁电流 If 在励磁机定子绕组 上形成一个定向磁场。 当励磁机转子电枢随风机叶桨一起转动时,在励磁机转 子电枢中就会产生一组三相交流电,该三相交流电经固定在发电机主轴上的旋
转整流器 12整流后, 输出直流电流到主发电机转子电枢中, 从而在主发电机 13 中建立起旋转磁场。 这时, 主发电机定子绕组的线圏开始切割该旋转磁场 的磁力线,根据电磁感应定律, 就会在主发电机定子绕组中产生交变的电压输 出, 最终实现风机发电, 输出的三相电压经整流后得到直流输出电压 Udc, 实 现直流输出电压 Udc的外环控制, 从而使得所述直流输出电压 Udc稳定、 可 控。 Since the stator winding of the exciter is a large inductive load, the excitation current If forms an directional magnetic field on the stator winding of the exciter. When the exciter rotor armature rotates with the fan blade, a set of three-phase alternating current is generated in the exciter rotor armature, and the three-phase alternating current is fixed on the generator main shaft. After the rectifier rectifier 12 is rectified, a direct current is outputted to the main generator rotor armature, thereby establishing a rotating magnetic field in the main generator 13. At this time, the coil of the stator winding of the main generator starts to cut the magnetic field line of the rotating magnetic field, and according to the law of electromagnetic induction, an alternating voltage output is generated in the stator winding of the main generator, and finally the fan generates electricity, and the output three-phase voltage After being rectified, the DC output voltage Udc is obtained, and the outer loop control of the DC output voltage Udc is realized, so that the DC output voltage Udc is stable and controllable.
优选地, 步骤 S203中检测得到发电机 1当前转速 n可以具体为: 步骤 S203-1: 检测得到主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压。 Preferably, the current speed n of the generator 1 detected in step S203 can be specifically as follows: Step S203-1: The output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator is detected.
步骤 S203-2: 将所述输出电压转换为与所述输出电压周期相同的方波信 号。 Step S203-2: Converting the output voltage into a square wave signal having the same period as the output voltage.
步骤 S203-3: 获取所述方波信号的周期, 得到所述发电机的周期。 Step S203-3: Acquire a period of the square wave signal to obtain a period of the generator.
由于所述方波信号与主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出线电压的周期相 同, 从而获取所述方波信号的周期, 就能够得到所述发电机的周期。 Since the period of the square wave signal is the same as the period of the output line voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, thereby obtaining the period of the square wave signal, the period of the generator can be obtained.
步骤 S203-4: 将所述发电机的周期转化为发电机的频率, 根据所述发电 机的频率, 计算得到所述发电机的当前转速。 Step S203-4: Converting the period of the generator into a frequency of the generator, and calculating the current rotation speed of the generator according to the frequency of the generator.
根据发电机的周期获得发电机的频率、 并进而计算得到发电机的转速,是 本领域非常成熟的技术, 在此不再详细介绍。 直流输出电压 Udc外环控制, 得到输出需要的占空比, 并产生与所述占空比 相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波的具体过程进行详细介绍。 所述过程可以包括: 步骤 203-11: 将给定基准电压 Ug与所述步骤 202中整流得到的直流输出 电压 Udc相比较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到第一计算结果。 Obtaining the frequency of the generator according to the cycle of the generator, and then calculating the rotational speed of the generator, is a very mature technology in the field and will not be described in detail here. The DC output voltage is controlled by the Udc outer loop to obtain the duty cycle required for the output, and the specific process of generating the PWM wave corresponding to the duty cycle is described in detail. The process may include: Step 203-11: Comparing a given reference voltage Ug with the DC output voltage Udc obtained by the rectification in the step 202, and performing an incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a first calculation result.
所述给定基准电压 Ug的确定, 可以由上述步骤实现: The determination of the given reference voltage Ug can be achieved by the above steps:
首先,预先设定一给定基准电压初始值 UgO,将所述给定基准电压初始值 UgO与步骤 202中整流得到的直流输出电压 Udc相比较, 得到差值 A U, 并判 断所述差值 A U是否处于预设的差值范围内, 如果是, 则将所述给定基准电压 初始值 UgO作为所述给定基准电压 Ug; 如果否, 在所述预设的差值范围内任 取一值作为当前差值 Δ U' , 以所述直流输出电压 Udc与所述当前差值 Δ U' 的 和(即为 Udc+ A U' )作为所述给定基准电压 Ug。
例如, 当所述预设的差值范围为 0~40V时, 可以选择所述当前差值 Δ ΙΓ 为 40V。 当然, 所述预设的差值范围可以根据实际需要具体设定。 First, a given reference voltage initial value UgO is set in advance, and the given reference voltage initial value UgO is compared with the DC output voltage Udc obtained in step 202 to obtain a difference AU, and the difference AU is determined. Whether it is within a preset difference range, and if so, the given reference voltage initial value UgO is taken as the given reference voltage Ug; if not, a value is taken within the preset difference range As the current difference Δ U ' , the sum of the DC output voltage Udc and the current difference Δ U′ (ie, Udc+AU′) is taken as the given reference voltage Ug. For example, when the preset difference range is 0~40V, the current difference Δ ΙΓ may be selected to be 40V. Of course, the preset difference range may be specifically set according to actual needs.
步骤 203-12:根据步骤 203中检测得到的发电机 1当前转速,设定所述当 前转速下所述直流输出电压 Udc的调节系数。 Step 203-12: Set the adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc at the current rotation speed according to the current rotation speed of the generator 1 detected in the step 203.
具体的, 可以对发电机 1的转速 n进行区间划分, 为每区间的转速分别设 定相应的直流输出电压 Udc的调节系数。 例如, 可以将转速 n划分为 5个区 间, 各区间分别对应的调节系数为 Ki ( i=l、 2、 3、 4、 5 ), 具体如下: Specifically, the rotation speed n of the generator 1 can be divided into sections, and the adjustment coefficient of the corresponding DC output voltage Udc is set for each section of the rotation speed. For example, the speed n can be divided into five zones, and the corresponding adjustment coefficient of each zone is Ki (i=l, 2, 3, 4, 5), as follows:
当 n<1200rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K1; When n<1200rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K1;
当 1200rmp/min<n<1400rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K2; When 1200rmp/min<n<1400rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K2;
当 1400rmp/min <n<1600rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K3; When 1400rmp/min <n<1600rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K3;
当 1600rmp/min<n<1800rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K4; When 1600rmp/min<n<1800rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K4;
当 1800rmp/min<n<2000rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K5。 When 1800rmp/min<n<2000rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K5.
所述步骤 203-12中, 根据发电机 1的当前转速所在的区间, 可以确定该 当前转速对应的直流输出电压 Udc的调节系数。 In the step 203-12, according to the interval in which the current rotational speed of the generator 1 is located, the adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc corresponding to the current rotational speed can be determined.
步骤 203-13:将所述调节系数与步骤 203-11中得到的第一计算结果相乘, 得到的乘积作为励磁电流给定值 Ig。 Step 203-13: Multiply the adjustment coefficient by the first calculation result obtained in step 203-11, and obtain the product as the excitation current reference value Ig.
步骤 203-14: 将所述励磁电流给定值 Ig与步骤 203中检测得到的励磁电 流 If相比较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到需要的占空比值。 Step 203-14: The excitation current set value Ig is compared with the excitation current If detected in step 203, and the comparison result is subjected to incremental PI calculation to obtain a required duty ratio value.
步骤 203-15: 根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波。 Step 203-15: Generate a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value.
通过所述 PWM波控制开关管的通断,从而调节输入发电机 1的励磁机定 子绕组中电流的大小, 稳定主发电机定子绕组的输出电压。 The switching of the switching tube is controlled by the PWM wave, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the current in the stator winding of the input generator 1, and stabilizing the output voltage of the stator winding of the main generator.
本发明实施例中,根据检测得到所述励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If、 所述发电机 1输出的三相电压整流后的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及主发电机 定子绕组任意两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 采用励磁电流 If 内环控制 和直流输出电压 Udc外环控制,输出相应的 PWM波,调节输送至所述发电机 1的励磁电流, 使得发电机 1的输出电压稳定, 提高电力***运行的稳定性。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11 , the three-phase voltage rectified DC output voltage Udc output by the generator 1 , and any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator are obtained according to the detection. The output voltage, and the generator speed, using the excitation current If inner loop control and the DC output voltage Udc outer loop control, output corresponding PWM waves, and adjust the excitation current delivered to the generator 1, so that the output voltage of the generator 1 Stable, improve the stability of power system operation.
本发明实施例所述方法, 并不直接跟踪所述发电机 1的输出端电压, 而是 致力于稳定所述发电机 1输出的三相电压经整流后输出的直流输出电压 Udc, 能够有效的改善***的动态品质, 为变流器实现逆变并网工作提供可靠保障。
优选地, 本发明实施例所述方法, 步骤 S201中, 在所述对交流输入电压 整流之前, 还可以包括: 对所述交流输入电压进行降压处理。 The method according to the embodiment of the present invention does not directly track the output voltage of the generator 1, but is dedicated to stabilizing the DC output voltage Udc of the three-phase voltage outputted by the generator 1 after being rectified, which can be effective. Improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide reliable guarantee for the converter to achieve inverter connection and grid work. Preferably, in the method of the embodiment of the present invention, in step S201, before the rectifying the AC input voltage, the method further includes: performing a step-down process on the AC input voltage.
进一步的, 步骤 S201中, 在所述对交流输入电压整流之前, 还可以包括: 对所述交流输入电压进行 EMI ( Electromagnetic Interference, 电磁干扰 )滤波。 Further, in step S201, before the rectifying the AC input voltage, the method further includes: performing EMI (electromagnetic interference) filtering on the AC input voltage.
当然, 本发明实施例中, 还可以先对所述交流输入电压进行降压处理, 然 后对所述降压后的交流输入电压进行 EMI滤波,再对滤波后的电压进行整流。 Of course, in the embodiment of the present invention, the AC input voltage may be stepped down, and then the stepped AC input voltage is EMI filtered, and then the filtered voltage is rectified.
下面对本发明实施例所述方法步骤 S204中的根据所述 PWM波, 对所述 步骤 S201中得到的直流输入电压进行逆变后, 再整流为直流励磁电压, 输送 至所述发电机的励磁机定子绕组的具体过程进行详细介绍。 所述过程可以包 括: In the following step S204 of the method of the present invention, the DC input voltage obtained in the step S201 is inverted according to the PWM wave, and then rectified into a DC excitation voltage, and sent to the exciter of the generator. The specific process of the stator winding is described in detail. The process can include:
步骤 204-1 : 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 201中得到的直流输入电压 进行逆变, 得到交流电压; Step 204-1: Inverting the DC input voltage obtained in the step 201 according to the PWM wave to obtain an AC voltage;
步骤 204-2: 对所述逆变得到的交流电压降压和整流,得到直流励磁电压, 输送至所述励磁机定子绕组。 对应于本发明实施例提供的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法,本发明 实施例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置。 参照图 3 , 为本发明 实施例提供的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置结构图。 Step 204-2: Step-down and rectify the AC voltage obtained by the inverter to obtain a DC excitation voltage, which is sent to the exciter stator winding. Corresponding to the excitation method of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention further provides an excitation device for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator. 3 is a structural diagram of an excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
需要说明的是,本发明实施例提供的励磁装置用于直流无刷同步风力发电 ***,尤其是用于具有励磁机与主发电机同轴的直流无刷同步风力发电机的风 力发电***。 It should be noted that the excitation device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, and particularly to a wind power generation system of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator having an exciter coaxial with a main generator.
具体的, 本发明实施例中, 仍以图 1所示的风力发电***为例进行说明。 所述风力发电***可以包括: 直流无刷同步风力发电机 1、 以及变流器 3。 其中, 所述发电机 1的励磁机与主发电机同轴连接。 Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the wind power generation system shown in FIG. 1 is still taken as an example for description. The wind power generation system may include: a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator 1, and a current transformer 3. The exciter of the generator 1 is coaxially connected to the main generator.
图 3所示发电机 1的结构与图 1所示相同, 在此不再赘述。 The structure of the generator 1 shown in Fig. 3 is the same as that shown in Fig. 1, and will not be described again.
需要说明的是, 所述变流器 3具有三相不控整流电路 32, 所述三相不控 整流电路 32的输入端接所述发电机 1的主发电机定子绕组, 接收所述发电机 It should be noted that the converter 3 has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is connected to the main generator stator winding of the generator 1, and receives the generator.
1的11、 V、 W三相输出电压, 并对所述三相输出电压整流后, 输出直流输出 电压 Udc至所述励磁装置 2。
所述发电机 1的励磁机定子绕组作为励磁装置 2的负载,接收所述励磁装 置 2的励磁输出。 After the three-phase output voltages of 1, V, and W are rectified, the DC output voltage Udc is outputted to the excitation device 2. The exciter stator winding of the generator 1 receives the excitation output of the exciter 2 as a load of the excitation device 2.
如图 3所示, 本发明实施例所述的励磁装置 2 可以包括: 第一整流电路 23、 励磁功率输出部分、 以及控制部分。 As shown in FIG. 3, the excitation device 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: a first rectifier circuit 23, an excitation power output portion, and a control portion.
所述第一整流电路 23, 用于对交流输入电压整流后, 输出直流输入电压 至所述励磁功率输出部分。 The first rectifier circuit 23 is configured to output a DC input voltage to the excitation power output portion after rectifying the AC input voltage.
需要说明的是, 所述交流输入电压可以由工作电源 (如图 1中 21所示) 提供, 所述工作电源 21输出的交流输入电压经所述第一整流电路 23整流后, 输出直流输入电压至所述励磁功率输出部分。 It should be noted that the AC input voltage may be provided by an operating power supply (shown as 21 in FIG. 1), and the AC input voltage outputted by the operating power supply 21 is rectified by the first rectifying circuit 23, and the DC input voltage is output. To the excitation power output portion.
所述控制部分,检测得到所述励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If、 所 述三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及主发电机定子绕组任 意两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流 If 内环控制和直流输出 电压 Udc外环控制,输出 PWM波至所述励磁功率输出部分,调节所述励磁功 率输出部分输送至所述发电机 1的励磁电流, 使得发电机 1的输出电压稳定, 提高电力***运行的稳定性。 The control portion detects the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the output voltages of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, And the generator speed is controlled by the excitation current If inner loop control and the DC output voltage Udc outer loop, outputting a PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting the excitation current output portion to the excitation current of the generator 1 The output voltage of the generator 1 is stabilized, and the stability of the operation of the power system is improved.
所述励磁功率输出部分根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM脉沖,对所述第 一整流电路 23输出的直流输入电压进行逆变后, 再整流为直流励磁电流, 输 出至励磁机定子绕组。 The excitation power output portion inverts the DC input voltage output from the first rectifying circuit 23 based on the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and then rectifies the DC input current into a DC exciting current, and outputs it to the exciter stator winding.
具体的, 如图 3所示, 所述控制部分可以包括: 控制器 28、 转速检测电 路 30、 采样调理电路 31、 通讯接口电路 33、 以及辅助电源电路 27。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the control portion may include: a controller 28, a rotation speed detecting circuit 30, a sampling conditioning circuit 31, a communication interface circuit 33, and an auxiliary power supply circuit 27.
其中, 所述控制器 28为所述控制部分的核心, 其可以采用 DSP ( Digital Signal Processing, 数字信号处理)处理器实现。 The controller 28 is a core of the control part, and can be implemented by using a DSP (Digital Signal Processing) processor.
所述采样调理电压 31 , 用于检测得到励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电 流 If、 三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及主发电机定子绕 组任意两相输出的电压, 输出至所述控制器 28。 The sampling conditioning voltage 31 is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator. Output to the controller 28.
需要说明的是, 图 3中, 对于所述采样调理电压 31检测得到的主发电机 定子绕组任意两相输出的电压, 以 V、 W两相的线电压 Uac为例进行说明。 当然, 在本发明其他实施例中, 还可以检测得到11、 V两相的线电压或11、 W 两相的线电压。
所述转速检测电路 30, 用于检测得到发电机 1 的转速, 输出至所述控制 器 28。 It should be noted that, in FIG. 3, the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31 is described by taking the line voltage Uac of two phases of V and W as an example. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to detect a line voltage of two phases of 11, V or a line voltage of two phases of 11, W. The rotation speed detecting circuit 30 is configured to detect the rotation speed of the generator 1 and output it to the controller 28.
所述控制器 28, 用于根据接收到的所述励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁 电流 If、 所述三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及主发电机 定子绕组任意两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流 If 内环控制 和直流输出电压 Udc外环控制, 得到输出需要的占空比, 并产生与所述占空 比相应脉沖宽度的 PWM ( Pulse Width Modulation, 脉沖宽度调制) 波, 输出 至所述励磁功率输出部分。 The controller 28 is configured to: according to the received excitation voltage Uf and excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and any two of the stator windings of the main generator The output voltage of the phase and the generator speed are controlled by the inner loop control of the excitation current If and the outer loop of the DC output voltage Udc to obtain the required duty ratio of the output, and generate a PWM corresponding to the duty ratio of the duty cycle (Pulse Width) Modulation, pulse width modulation) Wave, output to the excitation power output section.
所述通讯接口电路 33 ,用于实现所述励磁装置 2与风力发电机的变流器 3 之间的通讯连接。 The communication interface circuit 33 is configured to implement a communication connection between the excitation device 2 and the converter 3 of the wind power generator.
需要说明的是, 所述通讯接口电路 33 可以由 CAN ( Controller Area Network, 控制器局域网络)接口电路与串口接口电路部分组成。 所述控制器 28与变流器 3之间通过 CAN接口电路连接, 采用 CAN总线进行通信, 以协 调所述励磁装置的工作; 所述控制器 28通过串口接口电路与上位机连接, 实 现通信, 以便程序维护。所述上位机用于实现对整个直流无刷同步风力发电机 励磁***的工作状态进行控制。 It should be noted that the communication interface circuit 33 may be composed of a CAN (Controller Area Network) interface circuit and a serial interface circuit portion. The controller 28 and the converter 3 are connected by a CAN interface circuit, and communicated by using a CAN bus to coordinate the operation of the excitation device; the controller 28 is connected to the host computer through a serial port interface circuit to realize communication, For program maintenance. The upper computer is used to control the working state of the excitation system of the entire DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
所述辅助电源电路 27用于为所述控制器 28、所述脉沖控制电路 24、所述 通讯接口电路 33、 所述采样调理电路 31提供工作电源。 The auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is configured to provide operating power for the controller 28, the pulse control circuit 24, the communication interface circuit 33, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31.
需要说明的是, 当所述控制器 28为 DSP处理器时,所述转速检测电路 30 可以通过同步方波变换电路来实现。 It should be noted that, when the controller 28 is a DSP processor, the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 can be realized by a synchronous square wave converting circuit.
具体的, 同步方波变换电路接收所述采样调理电压 31检测得到的主发电 机定子绕组任意两相输出的线电压,将所述线电压转换为与所述线电压周期相 同的方波信号, 输入到所述 DSP处理器的捕获端口。 所述 DSP处理器根据捕 获得到的所述方波信号, 获取该方波信号的周期; 由于所述方波信号与主发电 机定子绕组任意两相输出的线电压的周期相同, 从而能够得到发电机的周期, 并将其转化为发电机的频率, 并进而转化得到发电机的转速。所述同步方波变 换电路的具体实现在后文中再详细阐述。 Specifically, the synchronous square wave converting circuit receives the line voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31, and converts the line voltage into a square wave signal with the same line voltage period. Input to the capture port of the DSP processor. The DSP processor acquires a period of the square wave signal according to the captured square wave signal; and the power generation can be obtained because the square wave signal has the same period as the line voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator The cycle of the machine is converted to the frequency of the generator and, in turn, converted to the speed of the generator. The specific implementation of the synchronous square wave conversion circuit will be described in detail later.
优选地, 所述控制部分还可以包括: 开关量输入输出电路 29。 Preferably, the control portion may further include: a digital input and output circuit 29.
所述开关量输入输出电路 29—端接变流器 3 , 另一端接控制器 28。 当变
流器 3检测到外部异常, 且变流器 3与励磁装置之间的通信中断时, 变流器 3 可发送关断控制信号至所述开关量输入输出电路 29; 当外部异常消除时, 所 述变流器 3发送开启控制信号至所述开关量输入输出电路 29。 The digital input and output circuit 29 terminates the converter 3 and the other end is connected to the controller 28. When changing When the flow device 3 detects an external abnormality, and the communication between the converter 3 and the excitation device is interrupted, the converter 3 can transmit a shutdown control signal to the digital input/output circuit 29; when the external abnormality is eliminated, The converter 3 sends an open control signal to the digital input and output circuit 29.
所述开关量输入输出电路 29, 用于接收到关断控制信号时, 通过控制器 28 直接关断所述励磁装置的励磁电流输出; 接收到开启控制信号时, 通过控 制器 28开启所述励磁装置。 The switch input/output circuit 29 is configured to directly turn off the excitation current output of the excitation device by the controller 28 when receiving the shutdown control signal; and turn on the excitation by the controller 28 when receiving the turn-on control signal Device.
如图 3所示, 所述励磁功率输出部分可以包括: 脉沖控制电路 24、 高频 脉沖变压器 25、 第二整流电路 26。 As shown in FIG. 3, the excitation power output portion may include: a pulse control circuit 24, a high frequency pulse transformer 25, and a second rectifier circuit 26.
所述脉沖控制电路 24, 用于根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM脉沖, 对 所述第一整流电路 23输出的直流输入电压进行逆变, 并将逆变得到的交流电 压输出至所述高频脉沖变压器 25。 The pulse control circuit 24 is configured to invert the DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23 according to the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and output the inverted AC voltage to the high Frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述高频脉沖变压器 25 , 用于将所述交流电压降压后, 输出至所述第二 整流电路 26。 The high frequency pulse transformer 25 is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifier circuit 26 after stepping down the AC voltage.
所述第二整流电路 26, 将所述降压后的交流电压整流为直流励磁电流, 输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The second rectifier circuit 26 rectifies the stepped AC voltage into a DC excitation current and outputs the resultant to the exciter stator winding.
本发明实施例所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置 2 的工作原理 为: The working principle of the excitation device 2 of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention is:
在一定风速下, 同步风力发电机 1 的风机叶桨通过变速箱带动发电机 1 的主轴开始旋转, 该主轴上有两个转子电枢, 分别为励磁机转子电枢和主发电 机转子电枢。 所述励磁机转子电枢通过所述旋转整流器 12与所述主发电机转 子电枢相连。 所述励磁装置 2通过检测主发电机 13任两相的端电压 (本实施 例中以 V、 W两相的端电压 Uac为例进行说明), 利用控制器 28的捕获端口 检测主发电机 13的频率, 并利用电机的转速与极对数、 频率之间的关系计算 主发电机 13的转速,同时检测三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc, 根据电机的特性给励磁机定子绕组输入相应的直流励磁电流 If。 当发电机的转 速达到某一特定值后, 三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc稳定。 由控制器 28控制占空比可调节的 PWM波,进而控制脉沖控制电路 24中的开 关管的通断, 从而实现输入高频脉沖变压器 25的能量可控, 再经高频脉沖变 压器 25将该能量降到适当的电压水平, 输出至发电机 1的励磁机定子绕组,
从而实现励磁电流 If可调。 At a certain wind speed, the fan blade of the synchronous wind turbine 1 drives the main shaft of the generator 1 to rotate through the gearbox. There are two rotor armatures on the main shaft, which are the exciter rotor armature and the main generator rotor armature. . The exciter rotor armature is coupled to the main generator rotor armature through the rotary rectifier 12. The excitation device 2 detects the terminal voltage of any two phases of the main generator 13 (in the present embodiment, the terminal voltage Uac of the two phases of V and W is taken as an example), and the main generator 13 is detected by the capture port of the controller 28. Frequency, and calculate the rotational speed of the main generator 13 by using the relationship between the rotational speed of the motor and the pole logarithm and frequency, and simultaneously detect the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and give the exciter stator according to the characteristics of the motor. The winding inputs the corresponding DC excitation current If. When the rotational speed of the generator reaches a certain value, the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is stabilized. The duty cycle adjustable PWM wave is controlled by the controller 28, thereby controlling the switching of the switching transistor in the pulse control circuit 24, thereby realizing controllable energy of the input high frequency pulse transformer 25, which is then passed through the high frequency pulse transformer 25. The energy is reduced to an appropriate voltage level and output to the exciter stator winding of the generator 1, Thereby, the excitation current If is adjustable.
由于励磁机定子绕组为大电感负载, 可将高频变压器 25输出的脉沖量转 换为直流电流, 实现直流励磁。 该直流电流 If 在励磁机定子绕组上形成一个 定向磁场。 当励磁机转子电枢随风机叶桨一起转动时,在励磁机转子电枢中就 会产生一组三相交流电, 该三相交流电经固定在发电机主轴上的旋转整流器 12整流后, 输出直流电流到主发电机转子电枢中, 从而在主发电机 13中建立 起旋转磁场。 这时, 主发电机定子绕组的线圏开始切割该旋转磁场的磁力线, 根据电磁感应定律, 就会在主发电机定子绕组中产生交变的电压输出, 最终实 现风机发电, 发出三相电经所述三相不控整流电路 32整流后被励磁装置 2检 测, 实现直流输出电压 Udc的外环控制, 从而使得所述三相不控整流电路 32 输出的直流输出电压 Udc稳定、 可控。 Since the stator winding of the exciter is a large inductive load, the pulse output from the high-frequency transformer 25 can be converted into a direct current to realize DC excitation. This DC current If forms a directional magnetic field on the stator windings of the exciter. When the exciter rotor armature rotates with the fan blade propeller, a set of three-phase alternating current is generated in the exciter rotor armature, and the three-phase alternating current is rectified by the rotary rectifier 12 fixed on the generator main shaft, and then output. The direct current is supplied to the main generator rotor armature, thereby establishing a rotating magnetic field in the main generator 13. At this time, the coil of the stator winding of the main generator starts to cut the magnetic field line of the rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, an alternating voltage output is generated in the stator winding of the main generator, and finally the fan generates electricity, and the three-phase electric power is generated. The three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is rectified and detected by the excitation device 2 to realize outer loop control of the DC output voltage Udc, so that the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 is stable and controllable.
参照图 4, 为本发明实施例提供的控制器结构图。 所述控制器 28 包括: 第一减法器 283、 第一 PI (比例积分)调节器 284、 调节系数计算单元 282、 第二减法器 285、 第二 PI调节器 286、 PWM发生器 287。 Referring to FIG. 4, it is a structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention. The controller 28 includes: a first subtractor 283, a first PI (proportional integral) regulator 284, an adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282, a second subtractor 285, a second PI regulator 286, and a PWM generator 287.
其中, 所述第一减法器 283的正输入端接收所述给定基准电压 Ug, 其负 输入端接收所述三相不控整流电路 32经采样调理电路 31输出的直流输出电压 Udc , 其输出端输出第一比较结果至所述第一 PI调节器 284。 The positive input terminal of the first subtractor 283 receives the given reference voltage Ug, and the negative input terminal thereof receives the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32 via the sampling conditioning circuit 31, and the output thereof The terminal outputs a first comparison result to the first PI regulator 284.
所述第一 PI调节器 284对所述第一比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出 第一计算结果至所述调节系数计算单元 282。 The first PI regulator 284 performs an incremental PI calculation on the first comparison result, and outputs a first calculation result to the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282.
所述调节系数计算单元 282, 根据检测得到的所述发电机 1的当前转速, 设定该当前转速下直流输出电压 Udc的调节系数, 并将接收自所述第一 PI调 节器 284的第一计算结果与所述调节系数的乘积,作为励磁电流给定值 Ig,输 出至所述第二减法器 285的正输入端。 The adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282 sets an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc at the current rotation speed according to the detected current rotation speed of the generator 1, and receives the first adjustment from the first PI regulator 284. The product of the calculation result and the adjustment coefficient is output as the excitation current reference value Ig to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285.
具体的,对发电机 1的转速 n进行区间划分, 为每区间的转速分别设定相 应的直流输出电压 Udc的调节系数。 例如, 可以将转速 n划分为 5个区间, 各区间分别对应的调节系数为 Ki ( i=l、 2、 3、 4、 5 ), 具体如下: Specifically, the rotation speed n of the generator 1 is divided into sections, and the adjustment coefficient of the corresponding DC output voltage Udc is set for each section of the rotation speed. For example, the rotational speed n can be divided into five intervals, and the corresponding adjustment coefficients for each interval are Ki (i=l, 2, 3, 4, 5), as follows:
当 n<1200rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K1; When n<1200rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K1;
当 1200rmp/min<n<1400rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K2; When 1200rmp/min<n<1400rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K2;
当 1400rmp/min <n<1600rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K3;
当 1600rmp/min<n<1800rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K4; When 1400rmp/min <n<1600rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K3; When 1600rmp/min<n<1800rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K4;
当 1800rmp/min<n<2000rmp/min时, 设定调节系数为 K5。 When 1800rmp/min<n<2000rmp/min, set the adjustment factor to K5.
所述调节系数计算单元 282, 根据检测得到的发电机 1的当前转速所在的 区间, 确定该当前转速对应的直流输出电压 Udc 的调节系数, 并将接收自所 述第一 PI调节器 284的第一计算结果与所述调节系数相乘, 得到的乘积作为 励磁电流给定值 Ig, 输出至所述第二减法器 285的正输入端。 The adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282 determines an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage Udc corresponding to the current rotation speed according to the detected interval of the current rotation speed of the generator 1, and receives the adjustment coefficient from the first PI regulator 284. A calculation result is multiplied by the adjustment coefficient, and the obtained product is output as the excitation current reference value Ig to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285.
所述第二减法器 285的正输入端接收所述调节系数计算单元 282输出的励 磁电流给定值 Ig, 其负输入端接收所述采样调理电压 31检测得到的励磁电流 If, 其输出端输出第二比较结果至所述第二 PI调节器 286。 The positive input terminal of the second subtractor 285 receives the excitation current reference value Ig output by the adjustment coefficient calculation unit 282, and the negative input terminal receives the excitation current If detected by the sampling conditioning voltage 31, and outputs the output end thereof. The second comparison result is to the second PI regulator 286.
所述第二 PI调节器 286对所述第二比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出 需要的占空比值至所述 PWM发生器 287。 The second PI regulator 286 performs an incremental PI calculation on the second comparison result, and outputs a required duty value to the PWM generator 287.
所述 PWM发生器 287根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波, 输出至所述励磁功率输出部分。 The PWM generator 287 generates a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value, and outputs it to the excitation power output portion.
通过所述 PWM波控制所述脉沖控制电路 24中 MOSFET开关管的通断, 从而调节输入发电机 1的励磁机定子绕组中电流的大小,稳定主发电机定子绕 组的输出电压。 The on/off of the MOSFET switch tube in the pulse control circuit 24 is controlled by the PWM wave, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the current in the stator winding of the exciter of the input generator 1, and stabilizing the output voltage of the stator winding of the main generator.
本发明实施例中, 所述控制部分根据检测得到所述励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If、 所述三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及 主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 采用励磁电流 If 内环控制和直流输出电压 Udc外环控制,输出相应的 PWM波至所述励磁功率 输出部分,调节所述励磁功率输出部分输送至所述发电机 1的励磁电流,使得 发电机 1的输出电压稳定, 提高电力***运行的稳定性。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the control portion obtains the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11 , the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection. The output voltage of the two phases and the generator speed are controlled by the excitation current If inner loop control and the DC output voltage Udc outer loop, and output corresponding PWM waves to the excitation power output portion, and adjust the excitation power output portion to be delivered to the The excitation current of the generator 1 stabilizes the output voltage of the generator 1 and improves the stability of the operation of the power system.
本发明实施例所述励磁装置, 并不直接跟踪所述发电机 1的输出端电压, 而是致力于稳定所述发电机 1输出的三相电压经所述三相不控整流电路 32整 流后输出的直流输出电压 Udc, 能够有效的改善***的动态品质, 为变流器实 现逆变并网工作提供可靠保障。 The excitation device according to the embodiment of the present invention does not directly track the output voltage of the generator 1, but is dedicated to stabilizing the three-phase voltage output by the generator 1 after being rectified by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32. The output DC output voltage Udc can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the converter to achieve grid-connected operation.
需要说明的是, 本发明实施例中, 所述控制器 28可以采用针对电机和运 动控制领域的 DSP芯片 dsPIC30F4011来实现。 所述励磁装置能够充分利用该 DSP芯片丰富的资源, 并与 DSP软件编程相结合, 易于实现各种控制算法及
多种通信方式, 提高了励磁装置的可靠性和响应实时性。 所述 DSP 芯片 dsPIC30F4011 可以通过寄存器直接给定输出需要的占空比值, 从而实现励磁 电流快速可靠的大范围输出,以适应风力发电机在风速变化快的情况下仍能输 出稳定的直流输出电压 Udc。 It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 28 can be implemented by using a DSP chip dsPIC30F4011 in the field of motor and motion control. The excitation device can fully utilize the rich resources of the DSP chip and combine with DSP software programming to easily implement various control algorithms and A variety of communication methods improve the reliability and response real-time performance of the excitation device. The DSP chip dsPIC30F4011 can directly specify the duty value required for the output through the register, thereby realizing a fast and reliable wide-range output of the excitation current, so as to adapt to the wind generator to output a stable DC output voltage Udc even when the wind speed changes rapidly. .
优选地, 本实施例所述励磁装置, 还可以包括: 交流变压器 22。 所述交 流变压器 22接在所述工作电源 21和第一整流电路 23之间, 所述工作电源 21 输出的交流输入电压经所述交流变压器 22将电压变换到规定的电压等级后, 再输入所述第一整流电路 23进行整流。 Preferably, the excitation device of this embodiment may further include: an AC transformer 22. The alternating current transformer 22 is connected between the working power supply 21 and the first rectifying circuit 23, and the alternating current input voltage outputted by the working power supply 21 is converted to a predetermined voltage level by the alternating current transformer 22, and then input to the The first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
优选地, 本实施例所述励磁装置, 还可以包括: EMI ( Electromagnetic Interference, 电磁干扰 )滤波电路 34。 所述 EMI滤波电路 34可以接在所述交 流电压器 22和所述第一整流电路 23之间, 用于对所述交流电压器 22变压后 的交流输入电压进行滤波后, 再送至所述第一整流电路 23进行整流。 Preferably, the excitation device of the embodiment may further include: an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) filter circuit 34. The EMI filter circuit 34 may be connected between the AC voltage converter 22 and the first rectifier circuit 23, and configured to filter the AC input voltage after the AC voltage converter 22 is transformed, and then send the The first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
当然, 本发明实施例中, 还可以仅包括 EMI滤波电路, 所述 EMI滤波电 路可以直接接在所述工作电源 21与第一整流电路 23之间,用于对交流输入电 压进行滤波, 再送至所述第一整流电路 23进行整流。 Of course, in the embodiment of the present invention, the EMI filter circuit may be further included, and the EMI filter circuit may be directly connected between the working power source 21 and the first rectifier circuit 23 for filtering the AC input voltage and then sending the signal to the AC input voltage. The first rectifier circuit 23 performs rectification.
本发明实施例中, 所述辅助电源电路 27用于为所述控制器 28、 所述脉沖 控制电路 24、 所述通讯接口电路 33、 所述采样调理电路 31提供工作电源。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is configured to provide working power for the controller 28, the pulse control circuit 24, the communication interface circuit 33, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31.
在实际应用中, 所述辅助电源电路 27可以为单独的供电电源, 分别为各 电路提供所需的工作电源; 所述辅助电源电路 27还可以利用所述第一整流电 路 23输出的直流电压, 变换为各电路提供所需的工作电源, 使得所述励磁装 置的励磁功率输出部分和控制部分的供电均是由同一个工作电源 21提供, 节 省电源。 In an actual application, the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 can be a separate power supply, and each of the circuits is provided with a required operating power; the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 can also utilize the DC voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23, The conversion is provided to each circuit to provide the required working power, so that the excitation power output portion of the excitation device and the power supply of the control portion are both provided by the same working power source 21, saving power.
参见图 5, 为本发明实施例提供的辅助电源电路的电路结构图。 所述辅助 电源电路 27采用高频变压器和驱动芯片 UC3844组成单端反激式开关电源。 Referring to FIG. 5, it is a circuit structural diagram of an auxiliary power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The auxiliary power supply circuit 27 is a single-ended flyback switching power supply using a high frequency transformer and a driver chip UC3844.
如图 5所示, 所述高频变压器具有多个次级绕组,每个次级绕组带有一路 输出。 As shown in Figure 5, the high frequency transformer has a plurality of secondary windings, one for each secondary winding.
所述变压器的初级绕组的输入端接所述第一整流电路 23的输出端, 所述 工作电源 21输出的交流输入电压, 经所述交流变压器 22和第一整流电路 23 的电压等级变换、整流后,输出的直流输入电压加在所述开关电源的变压器初
级绕组上; 所述驱动芯片 UC3844控制开关管 Q1的通断, 将能量传递到开关 电源的变压器的次级绕组。 An input end of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to an output end of the first rectifying circuit 23, and an AC input voltage outputted by the working power supply 21 is converted and rectified by a voltage level of the AC transformer 22 and the first rectifying circuit 23. After that, the output DC input voltage is applied to the transformer at the beginning of the switching power supply. The drive chip UC3844 controls the on and off of the switch tube Q1 to transfer energy to the secondary winding of the transformer of the switching power supply.
当开关管 Q1导通时, 该变压器的初级绕组从所述第一整流电路 23的输 出端吸收能电能; 当开关管 Q1关断时, 该变压器将电能量转换为磁能量, 传 递到该开关电源的变压器的各次级绕组上。 When the switch tube Q1 is turned on, the primary winding of the transformer absorbs energy from the output end of the first rectifier circuit 23; when the switch tube Q1 is turned off, the transformer converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and transmits it to the switch. The secondary windings of the transformer of the power supply.
该变压器的第一次级绕组 W1 的输出经芯片 U7805CV 稳压后, 输出 DC+5V电压给所述控制器 28供电。 The output of the first secondary winding W1 of the transformer is regulated by the chip U7805CV, and the DC+5V voltage is output to supply power to the controller 28.
该变压器的第二次级绕组 W2 和第三次级绕组 W3 的输出分别经芯片 U7815CV和 U7915CV稳压后,输出 DC+15V和 DC-15V电压,给所述采样调 理电路 31供电, 从而确保输出给所述控制器 28的电压稳定。 The outputs of the second secondary winding W2 and the third secondary winding W3 of the transformer are respectively regulated by the chips U7815CV and U7915CV, and output DC+15V and DC-15V voltages, and the sampling conditioning circuit 31 is supplied with power to ensure the output. The voltage to the controller 28 is stabilized.
该变压器的第四次级绕组 W4、 第五次级绕组 W5及第六次级绕组 W6输 出为不共地的三路独立的 +20V电压,作为所述脉沖控制电路 24中开关管驱动 芯片的工作电源。 The fourth secondary winding W4, the fifth secondary winding W5 and the sixth secondary winding W6 of the transformer output three independent +20V voltages which are not common, as the switching transistor driving chip of the pulse control circuit 24 Working power supply.
本发明实施例中, 采用图 5所示的辅助电源电路 27 , 使得该励磁装置的 励磁功率输出部分和控制部分的供电均是由同一个工作电源 21提供, 通过开 关电源电路的设计为所述控制部分的各电路模块供电。与分别为各电路模块一 一设置对应规格的 DC-DC电源相比,能够大大节省设计成本、筒化电路结构、 降低对使用环境的要求, 使得所述励磁装置的集成性更高。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary power supply circuit 27 shown in FIG. 5 is used, so that the excitation power output portion of the excitation device and the power supply of the control portion are both provided by the same working power source 21, and the design of the switching power supply circuit is Each circuit module of the control section is powered. Compared with the DC-DC power supply which respectively sets the corresponding specifications for each circuit module, the design cost, the tubular circuit structure, and the requirement for the use environment can be greatly saved, so that the integration of the excitation device is higher.
同时, 本发明实施例中, 所述开关电源允许输入电压的变化范围宽, 使得 该励磁装置的输出大范围可调,使所述无刷同步风力发电机在风速变化范围大 的情况下, 仍然能够输出稳定的直流输出电压 Udc。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the switching power supply allows a wide variation range of the input voltage, so that the output of the excitation device is widely adjustable, so that the brushless synchronous wind generator still has a large range of wind speed variation. It is capable of outputting a stable DC output voltage Udc.
参照图 6, 为本发明实施例提供的励磁功率输出部分的电路结构图。 由图 3可知, 所述励磁功率输出部分包括: 脉沖控制电路 24、 高频脉沖变压器 25、 第二整流电路 26。 Referring to FIG. 6, a circuit configuration diagram of a field power output portion according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the excitation power output portion includes: a pulse control circuit 24, a high frequency pulse transformer 25, and a second rectifier circuit 26.
所述脉沖控制电路 24, 用于根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM脉沖, 对 所述第一整流电路 23输出的直流输入电压进行逆变, 并将逆变得到的交流电 压输出至所述高频脉沖变压器 25。 The pulse control circuit 24 is configured to invert the DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit 23 according to the PWM pulse received from the control portion, and output the inverted AC voltage to the high Frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述高频脉沖变压器 25 , 用于将所述交流电压降压后, 输出至所述第二 整流电路 26。
所述第二整流电路 26, 将所述降压后的交流电压整流为直流励磁电流, 输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The high frequency pulse transformer 25 is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifier circuit 26 after stepping down the AC voltage. The second rectifier circuit 26 rectifies the stepped AC voltage into a DC excitation current and outputs the same to the exciter stator winding.
结合图 6,所述脉沖控制电路 24可以包括:信号驱动电路 241、第二 MOS 管 Q2、 第三 MOS管 Q3、 第四 MOS管 Q4、 第五 MOS管 Q5。 Referring to FIG. 6, the pulse control circuit 24 may include a signal driving circuit 241, a second MOS transistor Q2, a third MOS transistor Q3, a fourth MOS transistor Q4, and a fifth MOS transistor Q5.
所述信号驱动电路 241的输入端接所述控制器 28输出的 PWM脉沖信号, 所述信号驱动电路 241 的输出端接所述第二 MOS管 Q2的栅极、 第三 MOS 管 Q3的栅极、 第四 MOS管 Q4的栅极和第五 MOS管 Q5的栅极。 The input end of the signal driving circuit 241 is connected to the PWM pulse signal outputted by the controller 28. The output end of the signal driving circuit 241 is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the gate of the third MOS transistor Q3. The gate of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 and the gate of the fifth MOS transistor Q5.
其中, 所述第二 MOS管 Q2的漏极和所述第四 MOS管 Q4的漏极短接, 共同接所述第一整流电路 23的第一输出端。 The drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 are short-circuited, and are connected to the first output end of the first rectifier circuit 23.
所述第二 MOS管 Q2的源极接所述第三 MOS管 Q3的漏极, 其公共端接 所述高频脉沖变压器 25的初级绕组的第一端。 The source of the second MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of the third MOS transistor Q3, and its common terminal is connected to the first end of the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述第四 MOS管 Q4的源极接所述第五 MOS管 Q5的漏极, 其公共端接 所述高频脉沖变压器 25的初级绕组的第二端。 The source of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the drain of the fifth MOS transistor Q5, and the common terminal thereof is connected to the second end of the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述第三 MOS管 Q3的漏极和所述第五 MOS管 Q5的漏极短接, 共同接 所述第一整流电路 23的第二输出端。 The drain of the third MOS transistor Q3 and the drain of the fifth MOS transistor Q5 are short-circuited to be connected to the second output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 23.
如图 6所示, 本发明实施例所述第二整流电路 26可以为一由四个二极管 组成的整流桥。 具体的, 所述第二整流电路 26可以包括: 第一二极管 Dl、 第 二二极管 D2、 第三二极管 D3、 第四二极管 D4。 As shown in FIG. 6, the second rectifier circuit 26 of the embodiment of the present invention may be a rectifier bridge composed of four diodes. Specifically, the second rectifier circuit 26 may include: a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, and a fourth diode D4.
其中, 所述第一二极管 D1的阴极接所述第二二极管 D2的阳极; 所述第 二二极管 D2的阴极接所述第三二极管 D3的阳极; 所述第三二极管 D3的阴 极接所述第四二极管 D4的阳极; 所述第四二极管 D4的阴极接所述第一二极 管 D1的阳极。 The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3; The cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1.
所述第一二极管 D1和第二二极管 D2的公共端接所述高频脉沖变压器 25 的次级绕组的第一端; 所述第三二极管 D3和第四二极管 D4的公共端接所述 高频脉沖变压器 25的次级绕组的第二端。 a common end of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is connected to a first end of the secondary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25; the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 The common terminal terminates the second end of the secondary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述第一二极管 D1和第四二极管 D4的公共端作为所述脉沖控制电路的 正输出端, 亦为所述励磁装置的正输出端 (见图 6中 Idc+所示); 所述第二二 极管 D2和第三二极管 D3的公共端作为所述脉沖控制电路的负输出端, 亦为 所述励磁装置的负输出端 (见图 6中 Idc-所示)。
优选地, 所述励磁功率输出部分还可以包括: 滤波及续流电路 35 , 所述 滤波及续流电路 35接在所述第二整流电路 26的输出端,用于对所述第二整流 电路 26输出的直流励磁电压进行滤波后, 再作为所述励磁装置的励磁输出, 输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The common end of the first diode D1 and the fourth diode D4 serves as a positive output end of the pulse control circuit, and is also a positive output end of the excitation device (shown as Idc+ in FIG. 6); The common terminal of the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 serves as a negative output terminal of the pulse control circuit, and is also a negative output terminal of the excitation device (shown as Idc- in FIG. 6). Preferably, the excitation power output portion may further include: a filtering and freewheeling circuit 35, the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 is connected to an output end of the second rectifying circuit 26, and configured to be used for the second rectifying circuit The output DC excitation voltage is filtered, and then output to the exciter stator winding as the excitation output of the excitation device.
所述滤波及续流电路 35可以为一阻容吸收电路。 具体的, 所述滤波及续 流电路 35可以包括: 第一电阻 Rl、 第一电容 Cl、 以及第五二极管 D5。 其中, 所述第一电阻 R1与所述第一电容 C1 串联后, 并联接在所述脉沖控制电路的 正输出端和负输出端之间; 所述第五二极管 D5的阴极接所述脉沖控制电路的 正输出端, 所述第五二极管 D5的阳极接所述脉沖控制电路的负输出端。 The filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 can be a RC absorption circuit. Specifically, the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35 may include: a first resistor R1, a first capacitor Cl, and a fifth diode D5. The first resistor R1 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1, and is coupled between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the pulse control circuit; the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the cathode The positive output of the pulse control circuit, the anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the negative output of the pulse control circuit.
下面结合图 6阐述所述励磁功率输出部分的工作原理: The working principle of the excitation power output portion will be explained below with reference to FIG. 6:
所述第一整流电路 23输出的直流输入电压作为所述脉沖控制电路 24的输 入。 所述脉沖控制电路 24由信号驱动电路 241和开关管组成, 由所述控制器 28控制一定占空比的 PWM波, 经信号驱动电路 241控制开关管的通断。 The DC input voltage output from the first rectifier circuit 23 is input to the pulse control circuit 24. The pulse control circuit 24 is composed of a signal driving circuit 241 and a switching transistor. The controller 28 controls a PWM wave of a certain duty ratio, and the signal driving circuit 241 controls the switching of the switching tube.
需要说明的是, 作为所述脉沖控制电路 24 的下桥臂的两个开关管第三 MOS管 Q3和第五 MOS管 Q5, 在没有收到 PWM脉沖信号时, 一直为高导 通状态。 这样可以起到为所述高频脉沖变压器 25的初级绕组续流的作用。 It should be noted that the third switching transistor, the third MOS transistor Q3 and the fifth MOS transistor Q5, which are the lower arms of the pulse control circuit 24, are always in a high conduction state when the PWM pulse signal is not received. This can function to freewheel the primary winding of the high frequency pulse transformer 25.
所述控制器 28输出的 PWM波为中心对称互补型, 且带有固定死区, 这 样能够避免所述脉沖控制电路 24的同一桥臂的上下直通。 The PWM wave outputted by the controller 28 is a center symmetric complementary type with a fixed dead zone, so that the up and down through of the same bridge arm of the pulse control circuit 24 can be avoided.
所述脉沖控制电路 24的开关管输出的能量经所述高频脉沖变压器 25变换 后, 再经所述第二整流电路 26、 滤波及续流电路 35、 以及反向快速恢复二极 管输出到励磁机定子绕组。所述励磁机定子绕组为一大电感负载, 只要所述控 制器 28输出的 PWM波的周期远小于负载的时间常数, 就可以将所述高频脉 沖变压器 25的输出脉沖量滤成直流电流, 从而实现同步发电机的直流励磁。 The energy outputted by the switching tube of the pulse control circuit 24 is converted by the high frequency pulse transformer 25, and then output to the exciter via the second rectifying circuit 26, the filtering and freewheeling circuit 35, and the reverse fast recovery diode. Stator winding. The exciter stator winding is a large inductive load, and the output pulse amount of the high-frequency pulse transformer 25 can be filtered into a direct current as long as the period of the PWM wave outputted by the controller 28 is much smaller than the time constant of the load. Thereby achieving DC excitation of the synchronous generator.
本发明实施例所述采样调理电路 31 , 用于检测得到励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If、 三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出电压 Udc、 以及主发 电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压, 并对检测得到各信号进行相应处理后,输 出至所述控制器 28。 The sampling conditioning circuit 31 of the embodiment of the invention is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, the DC output voltage Udc output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator. The output voltage is output to the controller 28 after the respective signals are detected and processed accordingly.
所述采样调理电路 31包括: 第一采样电路、 第二采样电路、 以及第三采 样电路。 参照图 7a至 7c, 分别为本发明实施例的第一采样电路、 第二采样电
路、 以及第三采样电路的电路结构图。 The sampling conditioning circuit 31 includes: a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit, and a third sampling circuit. Referring to FIG. 7a to FIG. 7c, respectively, a first sampling circuit and a second sampling power according to an embodiment of the present invention Circuit, and circuit diagram of the third sampling circuit.
所述第一采样电路用于检测得到主发电机定子绕组任意两相之间的输出 电压, 并对该电压进行相应处理后, 输出至所述控制器 28。 The first sampling circuit is configured to detect an output voltage between any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and correspondingly process the voltage, and output the signal to the controller 28.
如图 7a所示, 本发明实施例所述第一采样电路可以包括: As shown in FIG. 7a, the first sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
第二电阻 R2的一端和第三电阻 R3的一端分别接所述主发电机定子绕组 的任意一相, 所述第二电阻 R2的另一端和所述第三电阻的 R3的另一端均接 第一霍尔电压传感器的输入端。 One end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the third resistor R3 are respectively connected to any one of the stator windings of the main generator, and the other end of the second resistor R2 and the other end of the third resistor R3 are connected. The input of a Hall voltage sensor.
所述第一霍尔电压传感器的输出端接第四电阻 R4的一端, 所述第四电阻 R4的另一端接可调电阻 W1的一固定端。 The output end of the first Hall voltage sensor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a fixed end of the adjustable resistor W1.
第五电阻 R5、 第六电阻 R6、 及第二电容 C2均并联在所述第一霍尔电压 传感器的输出端与地之间。 The fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the second capacitor C2 are all connected in parallel between the output of the first Hall voltage sensor and the ground.
所述可调电阻 W1的另一固定端经第七电阻 R7接地, 所述可调电阻 W1 的滑动端经第八电阻 R8接第一电压跟随器 U1的正输入端。 The other fixed end of the adjustable resistor W1 is grounded via a seventh resistor R7, and the sliding end of the adjustable resistor W1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the first voltage follower U1 via an eighth resistor R8.
所述第一电压跟随器 U1的输出端接第九电阻 R9的一端, 所述第一电压 跟随器 U1的负输入端与其输出端短接; 所述第一电压跟随器 U1的正输入端 经第三电容 C3接地。 The output end of the first voltage follower U1 is connected to one end of the ninth resistor R9, and the negative input end of the first voltage follower U1 is short-circuited with the output end thereof; the positive input end of the first voltage follower U1 is The third capacitor C3 is grounded.
所述第九电阻 R9的另一端接第十电阻 R10的一端和第十一电阻 Rl 1的一 端; 所述第十电阻 R10的另一端接工作电源 Vrer; 所述第十一电阻 R11的另 一端接第四电容 C4的一端和所述控制器 28的一输入端。 The other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10 and one end of the eleventh resistor R11; the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the working power source Vrer; the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 One end of the fourth capacitor C4 and one input of the controller 28 are connected.
所述第四电容 C4的另一端接地。 The other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded.
如图 7a所示, 所述主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压(图 7a中仅以 U、 V两相的电压 Uac为例进行说明)经过第二电阻 R2和第三电阻 R3分压 后输入所述第一霍尔电压传感器;所述第一霍尔电压传感器将接收到的强电信 号转换为弱电信号, 同时起到强电和弱电隔离的作用; 经所述第一霍尔电压传 感器转换后的信号再经过所述可调电阻 Wl、 第四电阻 R4、 第七电阻 R7的分 压、 阻容滤波(第五电阻 R5、 第六电阻 R6和第二电容 C2 )、 所述第一电压跟 随器 Ul、 以及随后的电压抬升电路, 最后输入到控制器 28。 所述控制器 28 内置有 10位 AD转换器, 对接收到的信号进行采样, 其采样频率可由所述控 制器 28设置, 最高采样频率可达 1MHz, 满足了采样精度和速度的要求, 为
控制的实时性提供必要的保障。 As shown in FIG. 7a, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator (in FIG. 7a, only the voltage Uac of the two phases of U and V is taken as an example) is divided by the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3. And inputting the first Hall voltage sensor; the first Hall voltage sensor converts the received strong electric signal into a weak electric signal, and simultaneously acts as a strong electric and weak electric isolation; and passes through the first Hall voltage The signal after the sensor conversion passes through the voltage division of the adjustable resistor W1, the fourth resistor R4, and the seventh resistor R7, and the RC filter (the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the second capacitor C2), the first A voltage follower U1, and a subsequent voltage boost circuit, are finally input to the controller 28. The controller 28 has a 10-bit AD converter built therein, and samples the received signal. The sampling frequency can be set by the controller 28. The highest sampling frequency can reach 1 MHz, which satisfies the requirements of sampling accuracy and speed. The real-time nature of control provides the necessary protection.
其中, 电压抬升电路由第九电阻 R9、 第十电阻 R10、 第十一电阻 R11构 成, 用于将第一电压跟随器 U1输出的信号转换到 0~5V之间, 避免出现负值 电压。 The voltage boosting circuit is composed of a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and an eleventh resistor R11, and is used for converting the signal outputted by the first voltage follower U1 to between 0 and 5V to avoid a negative voltage.
所述第二采样电路, 用于检测得到三相不控整流电路 32输出的直流输出 电压 Udc, 并对所述直流输出电压 Udc进行相应处理后, 输出至所述控制器 28。 The second sampling circuit is configured to detect the DC output voltage Udc outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and perform corresponding processing on the DC output voltage Udc, and output the signal to the controller 28.
如图 7b所示, 本发明实施例所述第二采样电路可以包括: As shown in FIG. 7b, the second sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
第十二电阻 R12的一端和第十三电阻 R13的一端分别接所述三相不控整 流电路 32的正输出端和负输出端, 所述第十二电阻 R12的另一端和所述第十 三电阻 R13的另一端均接第二霍尔电压传感器的输入端。 One end of the twelfth resistor R12 and one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 are respectively connected to the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit 32, and the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 and the tenth The other end of the three resistor R13 is connected to the input of the second Hall voltage sensor.
所述第二霍尔电压传感器的输出端经所述第十四电阻 R14接所述第二电 压跟随器 U2的正输入端。 The output of the second Hall voltage sensor is connected to the positive input terminal of the second voltage follower U2 via the fourteenth resistor R14.
所述第二电压跟随器 U2的输出端接第十五电阻 R15的一端,所述第二电 压跟随器 U2的负输入端与其输出端短接; 所述第二电压跟随器 U2的正输入 端经第五电容 C5接地。 The output end of the second voltage follower U2 is connected to one end of the fifteenth resistor R15, the negative input end of the second voltage follower U2 is shorted to the output end thereof; the positive input end of the second voltage follower U2 Grounded via the fifth capacitor C5.
所述第十五电阻 R15的另一端接第六电容 C6的一端和所述控制器 28的 一输入端。 The other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to one end of the sixth capacitor C6 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
所述第六电容 C6的另一端接地。 The other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded.
所述第二采样电路的原理与第一采样电路相似,区别仅在于所述第二采样 电路没有电压抬升电路, 在此不再赘述。 The principle of the second sampling circuit is similar to that of the first sampling circuit, except that the second sampling circuit has no voltage raising circuit, and details are not described herein.
所述第三采样电路,用于检测得到励磁机 11的励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If, 并对所述励磁电压 Uf和励磁电流 If进行相应处理后, 输出至所述控制器 28。 The third sampling circuit is configured to detect the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If of the exciter 11, and process the excitation voltage Uf and the excitation current If, and output the same to the controller 28.
如图 7c所示, 本发明实施例所述第三采样电路可以包括: As shown in FIG. 7c, the third sampling circuit in the embodiment of the present invention may include:
电流传感器与所述励磁机定子绕组的正输入端串接,所述电流传感器的输 出端接第十六电阻 R16的一端和第八电容 C8的一端。 The current sensor is connected in series with the positive input end of the exciter stator winding, and the output end of the current sensor is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor R16 and one end of the eighth capacitor C8.
所述第十六电阻 R16的另一端接第七电容 C7的一端和所述控制器 28的 一输入端。 The other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to one end of the seventh capacitor C7 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
所述第七电容 C7的另一端接地; 所述第八电容 C8的另一端接地。
第十七电阻 R17 的一端接所述励磁机定子绕组的负输入端, 第十九电阻 R19的一端接所述励磁机定子绕组的正输入端。 The other end of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded; the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is grounded. One end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the negative input end of the exciter stator winding, and one end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the positive input end of the exciter stator winding.
所述第十七电阻 R17的另一端经第十八电阻 R18接第三电压传感器 U3 的一输入端, 所述第十九电阻 R19的另一端经第二十电阻 R20接所述第三电 压传感器 U3的另一输入端。 The other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to an input end of the third voltage sensor U3 via the eighteenth resistor R18, and the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is connected to the third voltage sensor via the twentieth resistor R20. Another input to U3.
所述第三电压传感器 U3的输出端接第二十一电阻 R21的一端和所述控制 器 28的一输入端。 The output end of the third voltage sensor U3 is connected to one end of the twenty-first resistor R21 and an input terminal of the controller 28.
所述第二十一电阻 R21的另一端接地。 The other end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is grounded.
需要说明的是,所述第三采样电路中的电压传感器可以采用霍尔电流型电 压传感器, 通过电阻第十七电阻 R17、 第十八电阻 R18、 第十九电阻 R19、 第 二十电阻 R20将待测电压 (即为励磁机定子绕组两端的电压)转换为电流, 以提高抗干扰的强度。再经过霍尔电流型电压传感器转换为小电流信号, 最后 经第二十一电阻 R21转换成电压信号,输入所述控制器 28内部的 AD转换器 进行采样。 其中, 用于检测所述励磁电流 If 的电流传感器可以采用非接触式 的霍尔电流传感器, 以达到隔离的效果。 It should be noted that the voltage sensor in the third sampling circuit can adopt a Hall current type voltage sensor, and the seventh resistor R17, the eighteenth resistor R18, the nineteenth resistor R19, and the twentieth resistor R20 through the resistor. The voltage to be measured (ie the voltage across the stator windings of the exciter) is converted into a current to increase the immunity to interference. Then, it is converted into a small current signal by the Hall current type voltage sensor, and finally converted into a voltage signal by the twenty-first resistor R21, and input to the AD converter inside the controller 28 for sampling. Wherein, the current sensor for detecting the excitation current If can use a non-contact Hall current sensor to achieve the isolation effect.
本发明实施例中,当所述转速检测电路 30通过同步方波变换电路实现时, 所述同步方波变换电路可以如图 8所示。 In the embodiment of the present invention, when the rotation speed detecting circuit 30 is realized by a synchronous square wave converting circuit, the synchronous square wave converting circuit can be as shown in FIG. 8.
参照图 8, 为本发明实施例的同步方波变换电路的电路结构图。 所述同步 方波变换电路 30可以包括: FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a synchronous square wave conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The synchronous square wave conversion circuit 30 may include:
第二十二电阻 R22的一端和第二十三电阻 R23的一端分别接所述主发电 机定子绕组的任意一相, 所述第二十二电阻 R22 的另一端和所述第二十三电 阻的 R23的另一端均接第四霍尔电压传感器的输入端。 One end of the twenty-second resistor R22 and one end of the twenty-third resistor R23 are respectively connected to any one of the stator windings of the main generator, the other end of the twenty-second resistor R22 and the twenty-third resistor The other end of R23 is connected to the input of the fourth Hall voltage sensor.
所述第四霍尔电压传感器的输出端经第二十四电阻 R24接过零比较器 U3 的负输入端。 The output of the fourth Hall voltage sensor is connected to the negative input terminal of the zero comparator U3 via the twenty-fourth resistor R24.
所述过零比较器 U3的正输入端接地; 第九电容 C9接在所述过零比较器 The positive input terminal of the zero-crossing comparator U3 is grounded; the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the zero-crossing comparator
U3的正输入端与负输入端之间。 Between the positive input and the negative input of U3.
所述过零比较器 U3的输出端接第二十五电阻 R25的一端,所述第二十五 电阻 R25的另一端接第二十六电阻 R26的一端、第六二极管 D6的阳极、第七 稳压二极管 D7的阴极。
所述第二十六电阻 R26的另一端接 +5V工作电源; 所述第七稳压二极管 D7的阳极接第二十七电阻 R27的一端。 The output end of the zero-crossing comparator U3 is connected to one end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25, and the other end of the twenty-fifth resistor R25 is connected to one end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26, the anode of the sixth diode D6, The cathode of the seventh Zener diode D7. The other end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the +5V working power supply; the anode of the seventh Zener diode D7 is connected to one end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27.
所述第二十七电阻 R27的另一端接所述第六二极管 D6的阴极,其公共端 接所述控制器 28的一输入端。 The other end of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode D6, and is commonly connected to an input terminal of the controller 28.
所述同步方波变换电路 30接收所述采样调理电路 31检测得到的主发电机 定子绕组任意两相输出的线电压, 所述线电压经过电阻分压后,输入所述第四 霍尔电压传感器进行信号转换, 转换后的信号输入过零比较器 U3 , 这样一个 正弦波信号经过过零比较器 U3以及随后的电压限幅电路后, 被转换为一个与 所述线电压周期相同的方波信号输入到控制器 28的捕获端口, 配合软件完成 电机频率及转速的获取。 对应于本发明实施例提供的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置,本实施 例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电***的协调控制方法,所述直流无刷同步 风力发电***包括: 励磁机与主发电机同轴的直流无刷同步风力发电机、 变流 器、 以及励磁装置。 The synchronous square wave converting circuit 30 receives the line voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator detected by the sampling conditioning circuit 31, and the line voltage is input to the fourth Hall voltage sensor after being divided by the resistor. Signal conversion is performed, and the converted signal is input to the zero-crossing comparator U3. Such a sine wave signal is converted into a square wave signal having the same period as the line voltage after passing through the zero-crossing comparator U3 and the subsequent voltage limiting circuit. Input to the capture port of the controller 28, with the software to complete the acquisition of the motor frequency and speed. Corresponding to the excitation device of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment further provides a coordinated control method for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, wherein the DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system includes: excitation A DC brushless synchronous wind turbine, a converter, and an excitation device coaxial with the main generator.
所述方法用于实现励磁装置和变流器之间的协调工作。所述励磁装置与本 发明前述实施例所述的励磁装置相同, 在次不再赘述。 The method is used to achieve coordinated work between the excitation device and the converter. The excitation device is the same as the excitation device described in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described again.
所述变流器通过所述通讯接口电路与所述励磁装置的控制器实现通讯。 所述协调控制方法包括: The converter communicates with a controller of the excitation device through the communication interface circuit. The coordinated control method includes:
所述变流器的三相不控整流电路对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出 直流输出电压 Udc至所述励磁装置。 The three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit of the converter rectifies the three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputs a DC output voltage Udc to the excitation device.
所述励磁装置作为所述变流器的从机, 上传运行参数至变流器。 The excitation device acts as a slave of the converter, uploading operating parameters to the converter.
需要说明的是, 所述运行参数中包括所述发电机的频率和转速, 所述发电 机的端电压、 励磁电流和励磁电压, 所述 PWM波的占空比等。 It should be noted that the operating parameters include a frequency and a rotational speed of the generator, a terminal voltage of the generator, an excitation current and an excitation voltage, a duty ratio of the PWM wave, and the like.
所述励磁装置根据所述发电机的转速调节输送至所述发电机的励磁电流, 使得所述直流输出电压 Udc稳定。 The excitation device adjusts an excitation current delivered to the generator according to a rotational speed of the generator such that the DC output voltage Udc is stabilized.
所述变流器根据所述发电机的转速对所述励磁装置进行启停控制,同时根 据所述直流输出电压 Udc进行并网控制。 The converter performs start-stop control of the excitation device according to the rotational speed of the generator, and performs grid-connected control according to the DC output voltage Udc.
具体的, 当所述变流器检测到所述发电机的转速大于预设的转速阈值时,
下发开启控制信号至所述励磁装置,通过所述控制器开启所述励磁装置; 当所 述变流器检测到所述发电机的转速小于所述预设的转速阈值时,下发关断控制 信号至所述励磁装置, 通过所述控制器直接关断所述励磁装置的励磁电流输 出, 停止所述发电机的运转。 Specifically, when the converter detects that the speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed threshold, Dissolving an opening control signal to the excitation device, the excitation device is turned on by the controller; and when the current transformer detects that the rotation speed of the generator is less than the preset speed threshold, the shutdown is performed The control signal is sent to the excitation device, and the excitation current output of the excitation device is directly turned off by the controller to stop the operation of the generator.
优选地, 所述预设的转速阈值可以根据实际需要具体设定。 例如, 可以设 定为 480rmp/min。 Preferably, the preset speed threshold may be specifically set according to actual needs. For example, it can be set to 480rmp/min.
所述变流器接收所述励磁装置上传的直流输出电压 Udc, 当所述直流输出 电压 Udc达到一定的电压阈值时, 下发并网控制信号至所述励磁装置。 The converter receives the DC output voltage Udc uploaded by the excitation device, and when the DC output voltage Udc reaches a certain voltage threshold, sends a grid connection control signal to the excitation device.
所述一定的电压阈值可以根据实际需要具体设定。 例如, 可以设定为 1040V, 则当所述直流输出电压 Ud达到 1040V时, 进行并网操作。 The certain voltage threshold can be specifically set according to actual needs. For example, if it is set to 1040V, the grid-connected operation is performed when the DC output voltage Ud reaches 1040V.
执行并网操作后,在所述发电机的发电过程中, 变流器负责调整该发电机 的功率因数及电力***稳定所需的其他要求, 同时将所述直流输出电压 Udc 逆变为满足并网要求的交流电压。 对应于本发明实施例提供的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置,本实施 例还提供一种直流无刷同步风力发电***。所述***包括直流无刷同步风力发 电机、 变流器、 以及励磁装置。 After performing the grid-connected operation, during the power generation of the generator, the converter is responsible for adjusting the power factor of the generator and other requirements required for the stability of the power system, and inverting the DC output voltage Udc to meet The AC voltage required by the network. Corresponding to the excitation device of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment further provides a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system. The system includes a DC brushless synchronous wind generator, a converter, and an excitation device.
所述直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁机与主发电机同轴连接。所述变流器 具有三相不控整流电路, 所述三相不控整流电路的输入端接主发电机定子绕 组, 用于对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出直流输出电压至所述励磁装 置。 The exciter of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator is coaxially connected with the main generator. The converter has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected to a stator winding of a main generator for rectifying a three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputting a DC output voltage to the Excitation device.
所述励磁装置为所述直流无刷同步风力发电机提供励磁电流。所述励磁装 置与本发明前述实施例所述的励磁装置相同, 在次不再赘述。 The excitation device provides an excitation current for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator. The excitation device is the same as the excitation device described in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, and will not be described again.
本发明实施例中,所述控制部分根据检测得到所述发电机的励磁电压和励 磁电流、所述三相不控整流电路输出的直流电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意 两相的输出电压、 以及发电机转速, 采用励磁电流内环控制和直流电压外环控 制, 输出相应的 PWM波至所述励磁功率输出部分, 调节所述励磁功率输出部 分输送至所述发电机的励磁电流,使得发电机的输出电压稳定,提高电力*** 运行的稳定性。
本发明实施例所述励磁装置及***,并不直接跟踪所述发电机的输出端电 压,而是致力于稳定所述发电机输出的三相电压经所述三相不控整流电路整流 后输出的直流电压, 能够有效的改善***的动态品质, 为变流器实现逆变并网 工作提供可靠保障。 In the embodiment of the present invention, the control part obtains the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the generator, the DC voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator according to the detection, And a generator speed, using an excitation current inner loop control and a DC voltage outer loop control, outputting a corresponding PWM wave to the excitation power output portion, and adjusting an excitation current outputted by the excitation power output portion to the generator to generate electricity The output voltage of the machine is stable, which improves the stability of the operation of the power system. The excitation device and system according to the embodiment of the present invention do not directly track the output voltage of the generator, but are dedicated to stabilizing the output of the three-phase voltage of the generator through the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit. The DC voltage can effectively improve the dynamic quality of the system and provide a reliable guarantee for the inverter to achieve grid-connected operation.
以上对本发明所提供的一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法、装置及 行了阐述, 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想; 同时, 对于本领域的一般技术人员, 依据本发明的思想, 在具体实施方式及应 用范围上均会有改变之处。 综上所述, 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限 制。
The above description of the excitation method, device and the like of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator provided by the present invention are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention; The person skilled in the art will have a change in the specific embodiment and application range according to the idea of the present invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims
1、 一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁方法, 其特征在于, 所述直流无 刷同步风力发电机的励磁机与主发电机同轴连接; A method for exciting a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, characterized in that: an exciter of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator is coaxially connected with a main generator;
所述方法包括: The method includes:
步骤 1: 对交流输入电压整流, 得到直流输入电压; Step 1: Rectify the AC input voltage to obtain a DC input voltage;
步骤 2: 检测得到所述主发电机的定子绕组输出的三相电压, 对所述三相 电压整流后得到直流输出电压; Step 2: detecting a three-phase voltage outputted by the stator winding of the main generator, and rectifying the three-phase voltage to obtain a DC output voltage;
步骤 3: 检测得到所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、 主发电机定子绕组 任意两相的输出电压、及发电机当前转速, 结合所述步骤 2中整流得到的直流 输出电压、 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到 PWM波; 步骤 4: 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 1中得到的直流输入电压进行逆 变后, 再整流为直流励磁电压, 输送至所述发电机的励磁机定子绕组。 Step 3: Detecting the excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator, and the current rotational speed of the generator, combined with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and the excitation current The inner loop control and the DC output voltage outer loop control obtain a PWM wave; Step 4: according to the PWM wave, invert the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1, and then rectify into a DC excitation voltage, and deliver it to the station. The exciter stator winding of the generator.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 3中所述通过励磁电 流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到 PWM波, 包括: 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the excitation current is controlled by an inner loop of the excitation current and the outer loop of the direct current output voltage, and the PWM wave is obtained, including:
步骤 31: 将给定基准电压与所述步骤 2中整流得到的直流输出电压相比 较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到第一计算结果; Step 31: Comparing the given reference voltage with the DC output voltage obtained by the rectification in the step 2, and performing an incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a first calculation result;
步骤 32: 根据步骤 3 中检测得到的发电机当前转速, 设定所述当前转速 下所述直流输出电压的调节系数; Step 32: setting an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current speed according to the current speed of the generator detected in step 3;
步骤 33: 将所述调节系数与步骤 31中得到的第一计算结果相乘, 得到励 磁电流给定值; Step 33: Multiplying the adjustment coefficient by the first calculation result obtained in step 31 to obtain a excitation current reference value;
步骤 34: 将所述励磁电流给定值与步骤 3中检测得到的励磁电流相比较, 并对比较结果进行增量式 PI计算, 得到需要的占空比值; Step 34: Comparing the excitation current set value with the excitation current detected in step 3, and performing incremental PI calculation on the comparison result to obtain a required duty cycle value;
步骤 35: 根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波。 Step 35: Generate a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width according to the duty ratio value.
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 3中检测得到发 电机当前转速, 包括: 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting the current rotational speed of the generator in the step 3 comprises:
步骤 301: 检测得到主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电压; Step 301: detecting an output voltage of any two phases of the stator winding of the main generator;
步骤 302: 将所述输出电压转换为与所述输出电压周期相同的方波信号; 步骤 303: 获取所述方波信号的周期, 得到所述发电机的周期; Step 302: Convert the output voltage into a square wave signal that is the same as the output voltage period. Step 303: Acquire a period of the square wave signal to obtain a period of the generator.
步骤 303: 将所述发电机的周期转化为发电机的频率, 根据所述发电机的 频率, 计算得到所述发电机的当前转速。 Step 303: Convert the cycle of the generator to the frequency of the generator, according to the generator Frequency, the current speed of the generator is calculated.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 4包括: 步骤 41: 根据所述 PWM波, 对所述步骤 1 中得到的直流输入电压进行 逆变, 得到交流电压; The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 includes: Step 41: Inverting the DC input voltage obtained in the step 1 according to the PWM wave to obtain an AC voltage;
步骤 42: 对所述逆变得到的交流电压降压和整流, 得到直流励磁电压, 输送至所述励磁机定子绕组。 Step 42: Step-down and rectify the AC voltage obtained by the inverter to obtain a DC excitation voltage, which is sent to the exciter stator winding.
5、 一种直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 用于直流无刷同步风力发 电***, 其特征在于, 所述风力发电***包括: 励磁机与主发电机同轴的直流 无刷同步风力发电机、 以及变流器; 5 . An excitation device for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, used for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, characterized in that: the wind power generation system comprises: a DC brushless synchronous wind power coaxial with an excitation machine and a main generator Generator, and converter;
所述变流器具有三相不控整流电路,所述三相不控整流电路的输入端接主 发电机定子绕组, 用于对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出直流输出电压 至所述励磁装置; The converter has a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit is connected to a main generator stator winding for rectifying a three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputting a DC output voltage to the Exciting device
所述励磁装置包括: 第一整流电路、 励磁功率输出部分、 以及控制部分; 所述第一整流电路, 用于对交流输入电压整流后,输出直流输入电压至所 述励磁功率输出部分; The excitation device includes: a first rectifier circuit, an excitation power output portion, and a control portion; the first rectifier circuit is configured to, after rectifying the AC input voltage, output a DC input voltage to the excitation power output portion;
所述控制部分,检测得到所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、所述三相不 控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相的输出电 压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 输出 PWM波至所述励磁功率输出部分, 调节所述励磁功率输出部分输送至所述发 电机的励磁电流; The control portion detects an excitation voltage and an excitation current of the exciter, a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and an output voltage of any two phases of a stator winding of the main generator, and a generator speed. Outputting a PWM wave to the excitation power output portion through an excitation current inner loop control and a DC output voltage outer loop control, and adjusting an excitation current delivered by the excitation power output portion to the generator;
所述励磁功率输出部分, 根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM波, 对所述第 一整流电路输出的直流输入电压进行逆变后,再整流为直流励磁电流,输出至 发电机的励磁机定子绕组。 The excitation power output portion inverts a DC input voltage outputted by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and then rectifies the DC excitation current to an exciter stator of the generator Winding.
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于, 所述控制部分包括: 控制器、 转速检测电路、 采样调理电路、 通讯接口 电路、 以及辅助电源电路; The excitation device of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 5, wherein the control portion comprises: a controller, a rotation speed detecting circuit, a sampling conditioning circuit, a communication interface circuit, and an auxiliary power supply circuit;
所述采样调理电路, 用于检测得到励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、三相不 控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、 以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相输出的电 压, 输出至所述控制器; 所述转速检测电路, 用于检测得到发电机的转速, 输出至所述控制器; 所述控制器, 用于根据接收到的所述励磁机的励磁电压和励磁电流、所述 三相不控整流电路输出的直流输出电压、以及主发电机定子绕组任意两相输出 的电压、 以及发电机转速, 通过励磁电流内环控制和直流输出电压外环控制, 得到输出需要的占空比, 并产生与所述占空比相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波, 输出 至所述励磁功率输出部分; The sampling conditioning circuit is configured to detect the excitation voltage and the excitation current of the exciter, the DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and output the voltage to the controller ; The rotation speed detecting circuit is configured to detect the rotation speed of the generator and output to the controller; the controller is configured to: according to the received excitation voltage and excitation current of the exciter, the three-phase is not controlled The DC output voltage outputted by the rectifier circuit, and the voltage of any two-phase output of the stator winding of the main generator, and the generator speed are controlled by the inner loop control of the excitation current and the outer loop of the DC output voltage, thereby obtaining the duty ratio required for the output, and generating a PWM wave having a pulse width corresponding to the duty ratio is output to the excitation power output portion;
所述通讯接口电路, 用于实现所述励磁装置与变流器的通讯连接; 所述辅助电源电路, 用于为所述控制器、 所述脉沖控制电路、 所述通讯接 口电路、 所述采样调理电路提供工作电源。 The communication interface circuit is configured to implement a communication connection between the excitation device and the converter; the auxiliary power supply circuit is configured to be the controller, the pulse control circuit, the communication interface circuit, and the sampling The conditioning circuit provides operating power.
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于, 所述控制器包括: 第一减法器、 第一 PI调节器、 调节系数计算单元、 第二减法器、 第二 PI调节器、 PWM发生器; 7. The excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 6, wherein the controller comprises: a first subtractor, a first PI regulator, an adjustment coefficient calculation unit, and a second subtractor. , second PI regulator, PWM generator;
所述第一减法器的正输入端接收所述给定基准电压,负输入端接收所述三 相不控整流电路经采样调理电路输出的直流输出电压,输出端输出第一比较结 果至所述第一 PI调节器; a positive input terminal of the first subtractor receives the given reference voltage, a negative input terminal receives a DC output voltage output by the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier circuit via a sampling conditioning circuit, and an output terminal outputs a first comparison result to the First PI regulator;
所述第一 PI调节器对所述第一比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出第一 计算结果至所述调节系数计算单元; After the first PI regulator performs incremental PI calculation on the first comparison result, outputting a first calculation result to the adjustment coefficient calculation unit;
所述调节系数计算单元,根据检测得到的所述发电机的当前转速,设定所 述当前转速下所述直流输出电压的调节系数,并将所述第一计算结果与所述调 节系数的乘积, 作为励磁电流给定值, 输出至所述第二减法器的正输入端; 所述第二减法器的正输入端接收所述励磁电流给定值,负输入端接收所述 采样调理电压检测得到的励磁电流, 输出端输出第二比较结果至所述第二 PI 调节器; The adjustment coefficient calculation unit sets an adjustment coefficient of the DC output voltage at the current rotation speed according to the detected current rotation speed of the generator, and multiplies the first calculation result by the adjustment coefficient And outputting to the positive input terminal of the second subtractor as the excitation current reference value; receiving the excitation current reference value at the positive input end of the second subtractor, and receiving the sampling conditioning voltage detection at the negative input terminal The obtained excitation current, the output terminal outputs a second comparison result to the second PI regulator;
所述第二 PI调节器对所述第二比较结果进行增量式 PI计算后, 输出需要 的占空比值至所述 PWM发生器; The second PI regulator performs incremental PI calculation on the second comparison result, and outputs a required duty ratio value to the PWM generator;
所述 PWM发生器根据所述占空比值产生相应脉沖宽度的 PWM波, 并输 出至所述励磁功率输出部分。 The PWM generator generates a PWM wave of a corresponding pulse width based on the duty ratio value, and outputs the PWM wave to the excitation power output portion.
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于, 所述控制器为电机控制芯片 dsPIC30F4011。 8. The excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 7, wherein the controller is a motor control chip dsPIC30F4011.
9、 根据权利要求 6所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于, 所述通讯接口电路包括: CAN接口电路与串口接口电路; 9. The excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 6, wherein the communication interface circuit comprises: a CAN interface circuit and a serial port interface circuit;
所述控制器通过 CAN接口电路与所述变流器相连; The controller is connected to the converter through a CAN interface circuit;
所述控制器通过串口接口电路与上位机相连。 The controller is connected to the host computer through a serial port interface circuit.
10、根据权利要求 6所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于,所述辅助电源电路为高频变压器和驱动芯片 UC3844组成的单端反激式 开关电源。 The excitation device for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary power supply circuit is a single-ended flyback switching power supply composed of a high frequency transformer and a driving chip UC3844.
11、根据权利要求 5所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特征 在于, 所述励磁功率输出部分包括: 脉沖控制电路、 高频脉沖变压器、 第二整 流电路; The excitation device for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 5, wherein the excitation power output portion comprises: a pulse control circuit, a high frequency pulse transformer, and a second rectification circuit;
所述脉沖控制电路, 用于根据接收自所述控制部分的 PWM波, 对所述第 一整流电路输出的直流输入电压进行逆变,并将逆变得到的交流电压输出至所 述高频脉沖变压器; The pulse control circuit is configured to invert a DC input voltage output by the first rectifier circuit according to a PWM wave received from the control portion, and output an inverted AC voltage to the high frequency pulse Transformer
所述高频脉沖变压器, 用于将所述交流电压降压后,输出至所述第二整流 电路; The high frequency pulse transformer is configured to output the voltage to the second rectifying circuit after stepping down the alternating voltage;
所述第二整流电路, 用于将所述降压后的交流电压整流为直流励磁电流, 输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the step-down AC voltage into a DC excitation current, and output the same to the exciter stator winding.
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特 征在于, 所述励磁功率输出部分还包括: 滤波及续流电路; The excitation device of the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 11, wherein the excitation power output portion further comprises: a filtering and freewheeling circuit;
所述滤波及续流电路接在所述第二整流电路的输出端,用于对所述第二整 流电路输出的直流励磁电流进行滤波后, 再输出至所述励磁机定子绕组。 The filtering and freewheeling circuit is connected to the output end of the second rectifying circuit for filtering the DC excitation current output by the second rectifying circuit and then outputting to the exciter stator winding.
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的直流无刷同步风力发电机的励磁装置, 其特 征在于, 所述励磁装置还包括: EMI滤波电路; 13. The excitation device of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator according to claim 12, wherein the excitation device further comprises: an EMI filter circuit;
所述 EMI滤波电路用于对所述交流输入电压进行滤波, 再送至所述第一 整流电路进行整流。 The EMI filter circuit is configured to filter the AC input voltage and send it to the first rectifier circuit for rectification.
14、 一种直流无刷同步风力发电***的协调控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述 方法用于权利要求 5至 13任一项所述的励磁装置和直流无刷同步风力发电系 统的变流器之间的协调工作; A coordinated control method for a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, characterized in that the method is applied to the excitation device according to any one of claims 5 to 13 and the current transformer of a DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system Coordination between work;
所述方法包括: 所述变流器对所述发电机的三相输出电压整流,输出直流输出电压至所述 励磁装置; 根据所述发电机的转速对所述励磁装置进行启停控制, 同时根据所 述直流输出电压进行并网控制; The method includes: The converter rectifies the three-phase output voltage of the generator, and outputs a DC output voltage to the excitation device; and starts and stops the excitation device according to the rotation speed of the generator, and according to the DC output Voltage is connected to the grid;
所述励磁装置作为所述变流器的从机, 上传运行参数至变流器; 所述运行 参数中包括所述发电机的转速;所述励磁装置根据所述发电机的转速调节输送 至所述发电机的励磁电流, 使得所述直流输出电压稳定。 The excitation device acts as a slave of the converter, uploading an operating parameter to the converter; the operating parameter includes a rotational speed of the generator; and the excitation device adjusts the delivery to the device according to the rotational speed of the generator The excitation current of the generator is such that the DC output voltage is stabilized.
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述变流器根据所述发 电机的转速对所述励磁装置进行启停控制, 包括: The method according to claim 14, wherein the converter performs start-stop control of the excitation device according to the rotational speed of the generator, and includes:
当所述发电机的转速大于预设的转速阈值时,所述变流器下发开启控制信 号至所述励磁装置, 开启所述励磁装置; 当所述发电机的转速小于所述预设的 转速阈值时, 所述变流器下发关断控制信号至所述励磁装置, 关断所述励磁装 置的励磁电流输出。 When the rotation speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed threshold, the converter sends an opening control signal to the excitation device to turn on the excitation device; when the rotation speed of the generator is less than the preset At the speed threshold, the converter sends a shutdown control signal to the excitation device to turn off the excitation current output of the excitation device.
16、 根据权利要求 14所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述变流器根据所述直 流输出电压进行并网控制, 包括: The method according to claim 14, wherein the converter performs grid-connected control according to the DC output voltage, including:
当所述直流输出电压达到预设的电压阈值时,所述变流器下发并网控制信 号至所述励磁装置。 When the DC output voltage reaches a preset voltage threshold, the converter sends a grid-connected control signal to the excitation device.
17、 一种直流无刷同步风力发电***, 其特征在于, 所述***包括: 励磁 机与主发电机同轴连接的直流无刷同步风力发电机、 变流器、 以及如权利要求 5至 13任一项所述的励磁装置; 17. A DC brushless synchronous wind power generation system, the system comprising: a DC brushless synchronous wind power generator, a converter, and a claim 5 to 13 in which an exciter is coaxially connected to a main generator An excitation device according to any of the preceding claims;
所述励磁装置为所述直流无刷同步风力发电机提供励磁电流。 The excitation device provides an excitation current for the DC brushless synchronous wind power generator.
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CN102130644B (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2013-03-20 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Exciting method, device and system of direct-current brushless synchronous wind driven generator |
CN103095202A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 戴树梅 | Synchronous generator inversion-type excitation system |
CN102710199B (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏苏美达机电产业有限公司 | Generator excitation control system |
CN102797637A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-11-28 | 郁百超 | Wind-driven generator with micro-power consumption |
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CN103281024B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2016-06-08 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of AC excitation system based on full-controlled device |
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CN106100476A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 常州工学院 | Wind-power electricity generation output frequency modulation system |
CN106099954A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-11-09 | 国家电网公司 | Novel electric power system stability controls device |
CN108111073B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2021-03-26 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method |
CN108565867B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2023-11-21 | 上海阜有海洋科技有限公司 | V-I-Q automatic voltage regulation and reactive power cooperative control system and method |
CN112468042B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-08-12 | 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 | Power take-off vehicle-mounted power supply system realized by direct-current voltage sampling circuit |
CN112532128A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-19 | 北京曙光航空电气有限责任公司 | Aviation high-power composite brushless starting power generation system and control method thereof |
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