CN108111073B - Two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method - Google Patents

Two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method Download PDF

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CN108111073B
CN108111073B CN201611049855.9A CN201611049855A CN108111073B CN 108111073 B CN108111073 B CN 108111073B CN 201611049855 A CN201611049855 A CN 201611049855A CN 108111073 B CN108111073 B CN 108111073B
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excitation
phase
voltage
rotor
winding
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刘文昉
周鑫
姜宇
段晓丽
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Shaanxi Aero Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of control over a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator, and relates to a direct-current excitation control method based on a constant rotating speed voltage product. Inputting DC excitation voltage UdcThe product of the voltage and the rotation speed n of the starter/generator is constant, and the DC excitation input voltage U is calculated according to the collected value of the rotation speed n of the starter/generatordcAccording to the calculated DC excitation input voltage UdcAnd obtaining three-phase output target voltages Ua, Ub and Uc of the exciter rotor. According to the constant rotating speed voltage product direct current excitation control method for the two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator, the product of the rotating speed of the motor and the amplitude of the direct current excitation voltage applied to the stator of the main exciter is adjusted to be kept unchanged, so that the three-phase alternating current output amplitude of the main exciter can be ensured to be stable, sufficient and stable excitation current is provided for the power generation process of the main generator, and the stable control of the power generation output voltage of the three-stage starter/generator is ensured.

Description

Two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of control over a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator, and relates to a direct-current excitation control method based on a constant rotating speed voltage product.
Background
Currently, three-level brushless motors are mostly used as ac generators in aviation ac power systems, and the three-level brushless motors mainly comprise a main generator, a main exciter, an auxiliary exciter (permanent magnet machine) and a rotating rectifier, and are also widely applied to the fields of electric automobiles and wind power generation systems. In order to reduce the weight of equipment and improve the power density, the motors are often designed to operate in a power generation state and an electric state, and the technical difficulty mainly lies in the excitation problem of the two states. Along with the improvement of airborne electric equipment and power grade, the capacity of the three-stage starting/generating machine is larger and larger, and the excitation capacity and the power of the three-stage starting/generating machine are correspondingly increased.
In order to solve the excitation problem of the three-stage starter/generator, the traditional solutions are two: single-phase ac excitation and three-phase ac excitation. The single-phase alternating current excitation is limited by the capacity of the exciter body and the amplitude of the supply voltage, so that the excitation efficiency is not high, and the energy transmission of the stator and the rotor is poor. The three-phase alternating current excitation needs to greatly change the structural design of the motor body, the utilization rate of the winding is poor, and the alternating current and direct current excitation switching mode is complex.
On the basis of the above-mentioned related research, chinese patents CN103457427A, CN103532454A disclose a two-phase excitation method in which an excitation winding is a two-phase symmetric winding, and when the motor is in a starting state, the exciter uses two-phase alternating current with a 90 ° phase difference for excitation; when the motor is in a power generation state, the two-phase excitation windings are reversely connected in series and then are excited by introducing direct current.
For the power generation state, the above patent only describes the access mode of the direct current exciting current, but does not provide a specific control method, nor does it describe the control law of the exciting current, so that the specific implementation of the direct current exciting control of the three-level starter/generator adopting the two-phase exciting structure becomes difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for stably controlling the exciting current of a three-stage starter/generator during power generation is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method is characterized in that: inputting DC excitation voltage UdcThe product of the voltage and the rotation speed n of the starter/generator is constant, and the DC excitation input voltage U is calculated according to the collected value of the rotation speed n of the starter/generatordcAccording to the calculated DC excitation input voltage UdcAnd obtaining three-phase output target voltages Ua, Ub and Uc of the exciter rotor.
Preferably, the exciter rotor three-phase output target voltages Ua, Ub, Uc are calculated according to the following formula,
Figure BDA0001161009600000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001161009600000022
θr＝ωrt，Rsis the internal resistance of the stator winding of the exciter,ωrfor the electrical angular speed, theta, of the exciter rotorrFor electrical angle of exciter rotor, LmFor mutual inductance of stator and rotor of exciter, LsSelf-inductance of the exciter stator winding.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the constant rotating speed voltage product direct current excitation control method for the two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator, the product of the rotating speed of the motor and the amplitude of the direct current excitation voltage applied to the stator of the main exciter is adjusted to be kept unchanged, so that the three-phase alternating current output amplitude of the main exciter can be ensured to be stable, sufficient and stable excitation current is provided for the power generation process of the main generator, and the stable control of the power generation output voltage of the three-stage starter/generator is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the three-stage starting/generating machine adopting the two-phase excitation structure can ensure the excitation capacity in the starting process and ensure the excitation capacity in the generating process;
(2) compared with the traditional direct current excitation control method, the method can be suitable for controlling the excitation current of the main generator in the stage that the three-stage starter/generator operates from the alternating current/direct current excitation switching point to the rated rotating speed point, and can also meet the requirement of stable control of the main generator excitation current after the three-stage starter/generator reaches the rated rotating speed;
(3) in the aspect of implementation of the control method, compared with the traditional analog voltage regulating circuit, the control method can be implemented by adopting an integrated digital circuit with smaller volume and higher power-to-weight ratio, is simple in programming operation and is beneficial to reducing the volume and weight of the controller;
(4) the method can realize the stable control of the exciting current and is beneficial to the reliable adjustment of the amplitude of the output voltage of the main generator.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a DC excitation structure diagram of a three-stage starter/generator employing a two-phase excitation structure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator constant speed voltage product DC excitation control;
FIG. 3 is a Matlab simulation model of a constant-speed voltage product DC excitation control method for a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator;
FIG. 4 shows a direct-current excitation voltage U of a Matlab simulation main exciter statordcSimulating a rotating speed change curve;
FIG. 5 is a Matlab simulation main exciter rotor three-phase voltage and stator current change curve;
fig. 6 is a variation curve of Matlab simulation main generator excitation voltage and excitation current.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a constant-rotating-speed voltage product direct-current excitation control method for a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator, which can ensure that the excitation current of a main generator is kept stable in the power generation process of the three-stage starter/generator.
A constant-rotating-speed voltage product direct-current excitation control method for a three-stage starter/generator with a two-phase excitation structure is characterized in that a stator of a main exciter of the three-stage starter/generator adopts two-phase symmetrical excitation windings, the two-phase excitation windings of the main exciter are reversely connected in series through corresponding contactors to form a phase winding after the motor is started to reach a certain rotating speed, and the constant-rotating-speed voltage product control is realized by adjusting and controlling the product of the direct-current voltage amplitude generated by controllable rectification of an auxiliary exciter and the rotating speed of the motor to be kept constant. The control method can ensure that the amplitude of the three-phase alternating current output by the main exciter is stable, and further provides sufficient and stable exciting current for the power generation operation of the main generator.
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the two-phase excitation windings adopting the direct current excitation mode realize reverse series connection through the external contactor, as shown in figure 1, the current flowing through the alpha and beta two-phase windings is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, i isα＝idc、iβ＝-idc。
Step 2: the phase current of the main exciter stator winding alpha and beta is converted into a dq0 rotating coordinate system through a two-phase static coordinate system, and the following steps are obtained:
Figure BDA0001161009600000041
wherein ids、iqsStator alternating and direct axis winding currents respectively; thetar＝ωrAnd t is the rotor electrical angle.
And step 3: will ids、iqsThe following equation is substituted for the two-phase main exciter voltage equation:
Figure BDA0001161009600000042
in the case of no-load of the rotor winding of the main exciter, the phase currents idr、iqrIs 0. In the steady state equation (2), the differential terms are all 0, and therefore, the dq axis component of the output voltage of the rotor of the main exciter is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0001161009600000051
in the formulae (2) and (3), uds、uqsThe voltages of the alternating-axis winding and the direct-axis winding of the stator of the main exciter are respectively; u. ofdr、uqrThe voltages of the alternating-axis winding and the direct-axis winding of the rotor of the main exciter are respectively; rs、RrRespectively the internal resistances of the stator winding and the rotor winding; omegarIs the rotor electrical angular velocity; p is a differential operator, thetarIs the rotor electrical angle, LmThe stator and the rotor of the main exciter are mutually inducted.
And 4, step 4: since the two-phase DC excitation is composed of the opposite alpha and beta directions connected in series, i in the above formulas (1), (2) and (3)dcCan be represented by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001161009600000052
in the formula, LsIs the stator winding self-inductance.
And 5: the transformation formula for transforming the synchronous rotating coordinate system into the three-phase stationary coordinate system is as follows:
Figure BDA0001161009600000053
wherein, Ua、Ub、UcThe voltages of a phase winding of a rotor a, a phase winding of a rotor b and a phase winding of a rotor c of the main exciter are respectively; thetar＝ωrt。
And 5: after dq inverse transformation, the three-phase output voltage of the main exciter in a direct-current excitation mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0001161009600000061
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001161009600000062
referred to as the voltage conversion factor in the DC excitation regime, KudcThe voltage conversion efficiency of the two-phase exciter adopting the direct-current excitation mode is reflected.
Equation (6) is a three-phase output voltage expression of the main exciter during DC excitation, and the DC excitation effect and DC voltage conversion coefficient KudcAnd a DC excitation voltage UdcThe DC voltage conversion coefficient is related to the rotation speed omega of the motorrDirect ratio, direct current excitation voltage UdcThe three-phase output voltage generated by the auxiliary excitation permanent magnet machine is obtained through controllable rectification, and the amplitude of the three-phase output voltage of the auxiliary excitation permanent magnet machine is in a direct proportion relation with the rotating speed of the motor, so that the output voltage and the current of the rotor generated by the main excitation permanent magnet machine can be kept constant by controlling the amplitude of the direct-current excitation voltage to change along with the rotating speed of the motor.
A control block diagram of a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator constant rotating speed voltage product direct current excitation control method is shown in figure 2.
Figure BDA0001161009600000063
For a given product of the direct current voltage applied to the stator of the main exciter and the rotating speed of the rotor of the motor, the rotating speed of the rotor of the three-level starter/generator can be obtained by detecting the corresponding position of the rotor and controllingThe constant product of the motor speed and the amplitude of the direct-current excitation voltage applied to the stator of the main exciter can ensure that the amplitude of the three-phase voltage output by the rotor of the main exciter is constant, so that the excitation current provided for the main generator is kept stable.
In order to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the control method, Matlab8.1 is adopted for simulation verification.
FIG. 3 is a constant speed voltage product DC excitation control model established in Matlab software, wherein the exciter DC Mode module is a main exciter model encapsulated by Simulink according to equation (6), the output three-phase winding is connected with a resistive load (for equivalent to the main generator rotor winding) through a Rotating Rectifier Bridge Rectifier, and the output observed quantity I is outputf、UfThe exciting current and exciting voltage of the main generator are requiredfThe average value during the motor starting process is 36A, and the fluctuation is not more than 5%.
The simulation adopts a 1e-5Fixed-Step Fixed Step size, and an ode3 (Bogacki-sharping) solver; simulation time 2.0 s.
A simulation implementation method of a constant-rotating-speed voltage product direct-current excitation control method of a two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator is divided into the following steps:
1. the main exciter speed is given as ramp input, with a rated speed value of 3800rpm, as shown in fig. 4;
2. voltage product setting quantity of main exciter rotation speed
Figure BDA0001161009600000071
Is 4.2855X 104The given value can be obtained through theoretical calculation and simulation experiments;
3. the rotation speed voltage product is calculated by multiplication and division operation to obtain the direct current input voltage U of the stator of the main exciterdcWill U isdcAnd inputting the three-phase output voltages Ua, Ub and Uc of the rotor into a direct-current excitation module of the main exciter together with the rotating speed n, and obtaining the three-phase output voltages Ua, Ub and Uc of the rotor through operation.
4. The three-phase output voltage of the rotor of the main exciter is rectified by the rotating rectifier to output the excitation voltage UfTo the main generator rotor winding, the main generator rotor in the model of FIG. 3 is equivalent toRL resistive-inductive load, voltage UfGenerating an excitation current I on the rotor of a main generatorf；
5. At main generator excitation current IfThe rotating speed of the main generator is increased under the action of the external three-phase alternating-current voltage, an ideal rotating speed increasing curve is subjected to analog equivalence by a slope function, and the amplitude limit is 3800 r/min;
6. the main generator speed then continues to rise, during which the excitation voltage and current remain relatively constant.
FIG. 5 shows two-phase currents of the stator of the main exciter and three-phase output voltage of the rotor during simulation, wherein two-phase windings of the stator of the main exciter are connected in series in a reverse direction by DC excitation, so that iα、iβThe size is equal, the direction is opposite, and the output three-phase voltage sine degree of the main exciter rotor is better.
Fig. 6 shows the output waveform of the three-stage starter/generator constant speed voltage product dc excitation control simulation, from the simulation result, the excitation current of the main generator is basically kept 34A constant, the average fluctuation amount is 3.25%, and the excitation current is relatively stable. The average exciting current can meet the power generation requirement of the three-stage starter/generator, and the effectiveness of the invention is proved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate from the foregoing description that the control method of the present invention can be implemented in various ways. Therefore, while this invention has been described in connection with particular examples thereof, the true scope of the invention is not so limited.

Claims (1)

1. A two-phase excitation structure three-stage starter/generator direct-current excitation control method is characterized in that: inputting DC excitation voltage UdcThe product of the voltage and the rotation speed n of the starter/generator is constant, and the DC excitation input voltage U is calculated according to the collected value of the rotation speed n of the starter/generatordc，
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the two-phase excitation winding adopting the direct current excitation mode realizes reverse series connection through an external contactor, the current flowing through the alpha and beta two-phase windings is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, iα＝idc、iβ＝-idc；
Step 2: the phase current of the main exciter stator winding alpha and beta is converted into a dq0 rotating coordinate system through a two-phase static coordinate system, and the following steps are obtained:
Figure FDA0002857732160000011
wherein ids、iqsStator alternating and direct axis winding currents respectively; thetar＝ωrt is the rotor electrical angle;
and step 3: will ids、iqsThe following equation is substituted for the two-phase main exciter voltage equation:
Figure FDA0002857732160000012
in the case of no-load of the rotor winding of the main exciter, the phase currents idr、iqrIs 0; in steady state, the differential terms in the above equation are all 0, and therefore, the dq axis component of the output voltage of the rotor of the main exciter is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0002857732160000013
uds、uqsthe voltages of the alternating-axis winding and the direct-axis winding of the stator of the main exciter are respectively; u. ofdr、uqrThe voltages of the alternating-axis winding and the direct-axis winding of the rotor of the main exciter are respectively; rs、RrRespectively the internal resistances of the stator winding and the rotor winding; omegarIs the rotor electrical angular velocity; p is a differential operator, thetarIs the rotor electrical angle, LmMutual inductance is generated between the stator and the rotor of the main exciter;
and 4, step 4: since the alpha and beta two-phase DC excitation is composed of opposite serial connection, idcCan be represented by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002857732160000021
wherein L issSelf-inductance of the stator winding;
and 5: the transformation formula for transforming the synchronous rotating coordinate system into the three-phase stationary coordinate system is as follows:
Figure FDA0002857732160000022
wherein: u shapea、Ub、UcThe voltages of a phase winding of a rotor a, a phase winding of a rotor b and a phase winding of a rotor c of the main exciter are respectively; thetar＝ωrt；
Step 6: after dq inverse transformation, the three-phase output voltage of the main exciter in a direct-current excitation mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0002857732160000023
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002857732160000024
referred to as the voltage conversion factor in the dc excited state.
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CN108923604A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-30 南京航空航天大学 A kind of split phase type two-phase excitation machine and method for starting-controlling
CN110752804B (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-05-11 许昌学院 Direct-current excitation closed-loop control method for aviation three-phase alternating-current excitation system
CN111030528B (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-12-21 南京航空航天大学 Multi-ring voltage regulation control method for three-stage brushless synchronous motor
CN113472256B (en) * 2021-07-05 2023-02-10 西北工业大学 Rotor position estimation method of excitation controller of aviation three-stage starting power generation system

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