WO2012116618A1 - 一种带c形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机 - Google Patents

一种带c形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012116618A1
WO2012116618A1 PCT/CN2012/071589 CN2012071589W WO2012116618A1 WO 2012116618 A1 WO2012116618 A1 WO 2012116618A1 CN 2012071589 W CN2012071589 W CN 2012071589W WO 2012116618 A1 WO2012116618 A1 WO 2012116618A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
switched reluctance
disposed
reluctance generator
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PCT/CN2012/071589
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑家伟
薛向党
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香港理工大学
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Publication of WO2012116618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012116618A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/40—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of generator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator, and more particularly to a switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core.
  • a generator is a mechanical device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy.
  • generators including: DC generators, permanent magnet generators, asynchronous generators, doubly-fed generators, and so on.
  • its working principle is based on the law of electromagnetic induction and the law of electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is to construct magnetic circuits and circuits that mutually electromagnetically sense with appropriate magnetically conductive and conductive materials to generate electromagnetic power for energy conversion purposes.
  • the generator is usually composed of a stator, a rotor, an end cover and a bearing, and the stator is composed of a stator core, a coil winding, a base, and other structural members that fix these portions.
  • the rotor is composed of a rotor core (or magnetic pole), a winding, a retaining ring, a center ring, a slip ring, a fan, and a rotating shaft.
  • the stator and the rotor of the generator are connected and assembled by the bearing and the end cover, so that the rotor can rotate in the stator to perform the movement of the cutting magnetic line, thereby generating an induced electromotive force, which is led out through the terminal and connected to the circuit, thereby generating an induced current.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core for the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • a switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core comprising a base on which a plurality of stators and rotors are disposed, the base comprising a rotating portion for fixing the rotor and for fixing a fixing portion of the stator, wherein the stator includes a C-shaped stator core, a coil is disposed on the C-shaped stator core, a stator pole is formed at both ends of the C-shaped stator core opening, and the rotor includes a rotor pole A plurality of the rotors may simultaneously perform linear and rotational motions with respect to the stator poles of each stator under an external force, such that the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit changes and an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil.
  • the switched reluctance generator according to the present invention, wherein the rotating portion includes a bearing and a plurality of spokes of equal length that are emitted outwardly around the bearing, and the plurality of the rotors are respectively disposed in each of the An end portion of the spoke; the fixing portion includes an annular frame disposed at a periphery of the rotating portion, and the plurality of the stators are disposed on an inner side surface of the annular frame.
  • the switched reluctance generator wherein the rotating portion includes a bearing and a ring frame connected to the bearing, and the plurality of the rotors are respectively disposed on an inner side surface of the ring frame;
  • the portion includes a central shaft disposed within the annular frame and a plurality of equal length and fixed motion spokes emitted from the central axial direction, the plurality of the stators being respectively disposed at the ends of each of the spokes unit.
  • each of the stators includes one of the C-shaped stator cores .
  • each of the stators includes two of the C-shaped stators core.
  • each of the stators includes one C-shaped stator core .
  • each of the stators includes two of the C-shaped stators core.
  • the base is provided with N stators and K rotors; wherein N and K are integers that are not equal to or greater than 2.
  • the switched reluctance generator of the present invention wherein the switched reluctance generator further comprises a phase converter circuit connected to the coil, the phase converter circuit comprising a first device connected in series and connected at both ends of the DC power supply And a second device, and a third device and a fourth device connected in series at both ends of the DC power source, the coil being connected at a connection point of the first device and the second device, and the third device and Between the connection points of the fourth device;
  • the first device and the fourth device are turned on, and the second device and the third device are turned off;
  • the second device and the fourth device are turned on, and the first device and the third device are turned off;
  • the second device and the third device are turned on, and the first device and the fourth device are turned off.
  • the switched reluctance generator of the present invention wherein the switched reluctance generator further includes a control system, the control system includes a controller connected to the DC power source, and the controller is connected to the coil to be electrically The phase magnetizes the C-shaped stator core; the controller is coupled to the rotating portion to drive the rotating portion to drive the rotor to rotate; the control system further includes a position sensor for detecting the position of the rotor, The position sensor is coupled to the controller to transmit the rotor position signal to the controller.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting a C-shaped stator core, and a plurality of stators and rotors are arranged on the base, the rotor can be linearly and rotationally moved relative to the stator at the same time, and the rotor is small and relatively easy to be driven, which is suitable for use.
  • the overall structure is simple, reliable, and flexible, and the manufacturing cost is low and easy to implement.
  • the plurality of rotors can be linearly moved relative to the stator to cut the magnetic lines of force while being driven by the external force, and can also rotate relative to the stator, and sequentially cut the magnetic lines of the plurality of stators, so that the induced electromotive force can be generated in the plurality of coils, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural view of a main part of a switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic view showing the position distribution of a stator and a rotor in a switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core in FIG. 1a;
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural view 1 of a stator of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2b is a second schematic structural view of a stator of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2c is a third schematic structural view of a stator of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view 1 of a stator and a rotor of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural view of a stator and a rotor of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view 3 of a stator and a rotor of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stator and a rotor of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an ideal phase inductance curve of a switched reluctance generator in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a first schematic diagram showing the relationship between the stator and rotor positions (maximum phase inductance) of the switched reluctance generator according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a second schematic diagram showing the relationship between the stator and the rotor position (minimum phase inductance) of the switched reluctance generator according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a phase converter circuit of a switched reluctance generator in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11a is a schematic view showing the electric state of a phase converter circuit of a switched reluctance generator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11b is a schematic view showing the state of the phase converter circuit of the switched reluctance generator of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11c is a schematic view showing the power generation state of the phase converter circuit of the switched reluctance generator according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing changes in phase inductance, phase current, and phase voltage of a phase converter circuit of a switched reluctance generator at various stages in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a block diagram of a control system of a switched reluctance generator in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b The main part of the switched reluctance generator with a C-shaped stator core of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, and includes a base 10 on which a plurality of stators 20 and rotors 30 are disposed.
  • the base 10 includes a rotating portion for fixing the rotor 30 and a fixing portion for fixing the stator 20, and the number of the stators 20 is different from the number of the rotors 30, so that the rotor 30 is rotated relative to the stator 20 by a magnetic force.
  • each of the stators 20 includes a C-shaped stator core 21, on which the energized coil 23 is disposed, and the coil 23 is wound around the C-shaped stator core 21.
  • the position may be any position as shown in FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b or FIG. 2c, and the C-shaped stator core 21 is a non-permanent magnet material (such as a silicon steel sheet), and the C-shaped stator core 21 is magnetized after the coil 23 is energized.
  • the magnetic field line 24 is shown by a broken line in Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b or Fig. 2c.
  • stator pole 22 At both ends of the opening of the C-shaped stator core 21 is a stator pole 22, and the rotor 30 includes a rotor pole 31, and the plurality of rotors 30 can simultaneously perform linear and rotational motions with respect to the stator poles 22 of each stator 20 under the action of an external force, so that the magnetic body The reluctance of the path changes and an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil 23.
  • the rotor 30 has a small structure and is relatively easy to be driven, and is suitable for use in low-speed operation of power generation, such as wind power generation.
  • the plurality of rotors 30 can be linearly moved relative to the stator 20 to cut the magnetic lines of force 24 under the external force, and can also rotate relative to the stator 20 to sequentially cut the magnetic lines 24 of the plurality of stators 20, so that the induced electromotive force can be generated in the plurality of coils 23, Improve power generation efficiency.
  • the switched reluctance generator has a simple and reliable overall control structure, low manufacturing cost, and is easy to implement.
  • the rotating portion includes a bearing 12 that is rotatable under an external force, and a plurality of equal length spokes 13 that are emitted outwardly from the bearing 12, adjacent spokes 13
  • the arc angles between them are preferably set equal, and a plurality of rotors 30 are respectively disposed at the ends of each of the spokes 13.
  • the fixing portion includes an annular frame 11 disposed at a periphery of the rotating portion, and the plurality of stators 20 are disposed on an inner side surface of the annular frame 11. That is, the rotor 30 is located inside and the stator 20 is located outside.
  • the plurality of rotors 30 can be rotated in accordance with the rotation of the spokes 13, sequentially cutting the magnetic lines 24 of the stator 20, and generating induced electromotive forces in the coils 23 of the respective stators 20.
  • the structure of the stator 20 and the rotor 30 which are suitable for the structure of the base 10 in the above embodiment is as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the stator 20 is disposed outside the frame 10
  • the rotor 30 is disposed inside the frame 10
  • each of the stators 20 includes a C-shaped stator core 21.
  • the stator 20 is disposed outside the frame 10
  • the rotor 30 is disposed inside the frame 10.
  • Each of the stators 20 includes two C-shaped stator cores 21, which can further add a stator in the switched reluctance generator. 20 and the number of rotors 30 further improve power generation efficiency.
  • the rotating portion of the base 10 includes a bearing and a ring frame connected to the bearing, and the plurality of rotors are respectively disposed on the inner side surface (not shown) of the ring frame.
  • the fixing portion includes a central shaft disposed in the annular frame and a plurality of spokes of equal length and fixed motion emitted from the central axial direction, and the arc angles between adjacent spokes are preferably set to be equal, and the plurality of stators are respectively set At the end of each spoke. That is, the rotor is located outside and the stator is located inside.
  • the plurality of rotors 30 can be rotated in accordance with the rotation of the ring frame, sequentially cutting the magnetic lines of force of the stator 20, and generating an induced electromotive force in the coils 23 of the respective stators 20.
  • the structure of the stator 20 and the rotor 30 which are suitable for the structure of the base 10 in the above embodiment is as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • the stator 20 is disposed inside the frame 10
  • the rotor 30 is disposed outside the frame 10
  • each of the stators 20 includes a C-shaped stator core 21.
  • the stator 20 is disposed inside the frame 10
  • the rotor 30 is disposed outside the frame 10.
  • Each of the stators 20 includes two C-shaped stator cores 21, which can further add a stator in the switched reluctance generator. 20 and the number of rotors 30 further improve power generation efficiency.
  • N stators 20 and K rotors 30 are disposed on the base 10; wherein N and K are integers of unequal or equal to 2, so that the rotor 30 is rotated by the magnetic force. If the number of the stator 20 and the rotor 30 are equal, after the coil 23 is energized, the stator pole 22 sucks the rotor pole 31 and cannot rotate.
  • FIG. 1a 10 spokes 13 are provided on the bearing 12, the arc angles of the adjacent spokes 13 are equal, and a rotor 30 is respectively disposed at the end of each spoke 13 and equally spaced inside the annular ring 11.
  • the positional distribution of the stator 20 and the rotor 30 is as shown in Fig. 1b.
  • two rotors 30 are respectively provided at the ends of each of the spokes 13.
  • the ideal phase inductance in the switched reluctance generator is as shown in Fig. 7, where 0, ⁇ rp/2 and ⁇ represent the position where the rotor 30 is located, as shown in Fig. 8, when the rotor 30 is at the ⁇ rp/2 degree position, the stator The pole 22 is aligned with the rotor pole 31; as shown in Fig. 9, when the rotor 30 is at the 0 degree position, the stator pole 22 is not aligned with the rotor pole 31. Meanwhile, FIG. 7, where 0, ⁇ rp/2 and ⁇ represent the position where the rotor 30 is located, as shown in Fig. 8, when the rotor 30 is at the ⁇ rp/2 degree position, the stator The pole 22 is aligned with the rotor pole 31; as shown in Fig. 9, when the rotor 30 is at the 0 degree position, the stator pole 22 is not aligned with the rotor pole 31. Meanwhile, FIG. 7, where 0, ⁇ rp/2 and ⁇ represent the position where the
  • FIG. 7 also shows a power generation process of one unit (one rotor 30 corresponding to one stator 20) of the switched reluctance generator, including an electric process when the position of the rotor 30 is from 0 degrees to ⁇ rp/2 degrees (excitation process) ), and rotor 30 from ⁇ rp/2 degrees to ⁇ Power generation process when the position and phase inductance are reduced.
  • the switched reluctance generator further includes a phase converter circuit connected to the coil 23.
  • the phase converter circuit includes a first device K1 and a second connected in series to the DC power supply VDC.
  • the first device K1 and the fourth device K4 are turned on, and the second device K2 and the third device K3 are turned off; as shown in FIG. 11b, in the holding phase, the second device K2 and The fourth device K4 is turned on, and the first device K1 and the third device K3 are turned off; as shown in FIG. 11c, in the power generation phase, the second device K2 and the third device K3 are turned on, and the first device K1 and the fourth device K4 are turned off. .
  • phase inductance represents the phase inductance
  • V curve represents the phase voltage
  • i curve represents the phase current.
  • the positive phase voltage and the positive phase current indicate that the switched reluctance generator draws current from the DC bus for electric power
  • the negative voltage and forward current indicate that the switched reluctance generator outputs current to the DC bus.
  • the switched reluctance generator further includes a control system 40 that includes a controller 41 coupled to the DC power source 50, the controller 41 being coupled to the coil 23 for operation in the electric phase
  • the C-shaped stator core 21 is magnetized; the controller 41 is coupled to the rotating portion of the base 10 to drive the rotating portion to drive the rotor 30 to rotate; the control system 40 further includes a position sensor 42 for detecting the position of the rotor 30, the position sensor 42 and the control The device 41 is coupled to transmit a position signal of the rotor 30 to the controller 41.
  • C-core The SRG 43 includes the stator and rotor of the switched reluctance generator, or other components that need to be controlled by the controller 41.
  • the present invention adopts a C-shaped stator core 21, and a plurality of stators 20 and rotors 30 are disposed on the base 10, so that the rotor 30 can simultaneously perform linear and rotational motion with respect to the stator 20, and the rotor 30 is small and relatively easy to be driven. It is suitable for the case of low-speed operation of power generation, such as wind power generation, and the overall structure is simple and reliable, the control is flexible, the manufacturing cost is low, and it is easy to implement.
  • the plurality of rotors can be linearly moved relative to the stator to cut the magnetic lines of force while being driven by the external force, and can also rotate relative to the stator, and sequentially cut the magnetic lines of the plurality of stators, so that the induced electromotive force can be generated in the plurality of coils, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

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Description

一种带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及发电机，更具体地说，涉及一种带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机。
背景技术
电能是现代社会最主要的能源之一。发电机是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的机械设备。发电机的形式很多，包括：直流发电机、永久磁铁发电机、异步发电机、双馈发电机等等。但其工作原理都基于电磁感应定律和电磁力定律。因此，其构造的一般原则是：用适当的导磁和导电材料构成互相进行电磁感应的磁路和电路，以产生电磁功率，达到能量转换的目的。
发电机通常由定子、转子、端盖及轴承等部件构成，定子由定子铁心、线包绕组、机座以及固定这些部分的其他结构件组成。转子由转子铁心（或磁极）、绕组、护环、中心环、滑环、风扇及转轴等部件构成。由轴承及端盖将发电机的定子、转子连接组装起来，使转子能在定子中旋转，做切割磁力线的运动，从而产生感应电动势，通过接线端子引出，接在回路中，便产生感应电流。
但是，上述各种发电机都很难在低速环境下输出较大功率，且结构都很复杂，不利于操作和控制。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
构造一种带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机，包括机座，所述机座上设置有多个定子和转子，所述机座包括用于固定所述转子的旋转部和用于固定所述定子的固定部，其中，所述定子包括C形定子铁心，所述C形定子铁心上设置有线圈，在所述C形定子铁心开口的两端为定子极，所述转子包括转子极，多个所述转子可在外力作用下依次相对每个定子的所述定子极同时做直线和旋转运动、使得磁路的磁阻发生变化并在所述线圈中产生感应电动势。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述旋转部包括轴承和以所述轴承为中心向外发射出的多个长度相等的辐条，多个所述转子分别设置在每个所述辐条的端部；所述固定部包括设置在所述旋转部***的环形框，多个所述定子设置在所述环形框内侧面上。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述旋转部包括轴承和连接在所述轴承上的环形框，多个所述转子分别设置在所述环形框的内侧面上；所述固定部包括设置在所述环形框内的中心轴和从所述中心轴向外发射出的多个长度相等、且固定不动的辐条，多个所述定子分别设置在每个所述辐条的端部。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述定子设置在所述机座的外部，所述转子设置在所述机座的内部，每个所述定子包括一个所述C形定子铁心。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述定子设置在所述机座的外部，所述转子设置在所述机座的内部，每个所述定子包括两个所述C形定子铁心。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述定子设置在所述机座的内部，所述转子设置在所述机座的外部，每个所述定子包括一个所述C形定子铁心。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述定子设置在所述机座的内部，所述转子设置在所述机座的外部，每个所述定子包括两个所述C形定子铁心。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述机座上设置有N个所述定子和K个所述转子；其中，所述N和K为不相等大于等于2的整数。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述开关磁阻发电机还包括连接所述线圈的相变换器电路，所述相变换器电路包括串联后连接在直流电源两端的第一器件和第二器件，以及串联后连接在直流电源两端的第三器件和第四器件，所述线圈连接在所述第一器件与所述第二器件的连接点、和所述第三器件与所述第四器件的连接点之间；其中，
在电动阶段，所述第一器件和所述第四器件导通，所述第二器件和所述第三器件截止；
在保持阶段，所述第二器件和所述第四器件导通，所述第一器件和所述第三器件截止；
在发电阶段，所述第二器件和所述第三器件导通，所述第一器件和所述第四器件截止。
本发明所述的开关磁阻发电机，其中，所述开关磁阻发电机还包括控制***，所述控制***包括连接直流电源的控制器，所述控制器与所述线圈连接、以在电动阶段将所述C形定子铁心磁化；所述控制器与所述旋转部连接、以驱动所述旋转部带动所述转子转动；所述控制***还包括用于检测所述转子位置的位置传感器，所述位置传感器与所述控制器连接、以将所述转子位置信号发送给所述控制器。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过采用C形定子铁心，且在机座上设置多个定子和转子，使得转子可同时相对定子做直线和旋转运动，其转子较小，比较容易被驱动，适合用于低速运转发电的情况，例如风力发电，且整体结构简单可靠控制灵活，制造成本低，易于实施。多个转子可在外力驱动下相对定子作直线运动切割磁力线的同时，还能相对定子转动，依次切割多个定子的磁力线，使得多个线圈中均能产生感应电动势，提升发电效率。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
图1a是本发明较佳实施例的带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机主要部分结构示意图；
图1b是图1a中带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机中定子、转子位置分布示意图；
图2a是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子结构示意图一；
图2b是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子结构示意图二；
图2c是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子结构示意图三；
图3是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子结构示意图一；
图4是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子结构示意图二；
图5是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子结构示意图三；
图6是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子结构示意图四；
图7是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机中理想相电感曲线示意图；
图8是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子位置（最大相电感）关系示意图一；
图9是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的定子、转子位置（最小相电感）关系示意图二；
图10是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的相变换器电路示意图；
图11a是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的相变换器电路电动状态示意图；
图11b是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的相变换器电路保持状态示意图；
图11c是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的相变换器电路发电状态示意图；
图12是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的相变换器电路在各个阶段相电感、相电流和相电压的变化曲线；
图13是本发明较佳实施例的开关磁阻发电机的控制***框图。
具体实施方式
本发明较佳实施例的带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机主要部分结构如图1a和图1b所示，其包括机座10，机座10上设置有多个定子20和转子30，机座10包括用于固定转子30的旋转部和用于固定定子20的固定部，定子20数目和转子30数目不同，以便于转子30在磁力作用下相对定子20转动。其中，如图2a、图2b和图2c所示，每个定子20均包括C形定子铁心21，该C形定子铁心21上设置有通电线圈23，线圈23在C形定子铁心21上缠绕的位置可以是如图2a、图2b或图2c中所示的任一位置，C形定子铁心21为非永久磁铁材料（如硅钢片），在线圈23通电后会将该C形定子铁心21磁化，其磁力线24如图2a、图2b或图2c中虚线所示。在C形定子铁心21开口的两端为定子极22，转子30包括转子极31，多个转子30可在外力作用下依次相对每个定子20的定子极22同时做直线和旋转运动、使得磁路的磁阻发生变化并在线圈23中产生感应电动势。
本实施例的开关磁阻发电机中转子30结构较小，比较容易被驱动，适合用于低速运转发电的情况，例如风力发电。多个转子30可在外力驱动下相对定子20作直线运动切割磁力线24的同时，还能相对定子20转动，依次切割多个定子20的磁力线24，使得多个线圈23中均能产生感应电动势，提升发电效率。且该开关磁阻发电机整体结构简单可靠控制灵活，制造成本低，易于实施。
在进一步的实施例中，如图1a所示，上述旋转部包括可在外力作用下转动的轴承12，和以轴承12为中心向外发射出的多个长度相等的辐条13，相邻辐条13之间的弧度角优选设置为相等，多个转子30分别设置在每个辐条13的端部。上述固定部包括设置在旋转部***的环形框11，多个定子20设置在环形框11内侧面上。即，转子30位于内部，定子20位于外部。这样，多个转子30可随着辐条13的转动旋转，依次切割定子20的磁力线24，在各个定子20的线圈23中产生感应电动势。
相应地，适用于上述实施例中的机座10结构的定子20和转子30结构如图3和图4中所示。图3中，定子20设置在机座10的外部，转子30设置在机座10的内部，每个定子20包括一个C形定子铁心21。图4中，定子20设置在机座10的外部，转子30设置在机座10的内部，每个定子20包括两个C形定子铁心21，这样可以进一步增加一个开关磁阻发电机中的定子20和转子30数目，进一步提高发电效率。
或者，上述实施例中，机座10的旋转部包括轴承和连接在轴承上的环形框，多个转子分别设置在环形框的内侧面上（未图示）。固定部包括设置在环形框内的中心轴和从中心轴向外发射出的多个长度相等、且固定不动的辐条，相邻辐条之间的弧度角优选设置为相等，多个定子分别设置在每个辐条的端部。即，转子位于外部，定子位于内部。这样，多个转子30可随着环形框的转动旋转，依次切割定子20的磁力线，在各个定子20的线圈23中产生感应电动势。
相应地，适用于上述实施例中的机座10结构的定子20和转子30结构如图5和图6中所示。图5中，定子20设置在机座10的内部，转子30设置在机座10的外部，每个定子20包括一个C形定子铁心21。图6中，定子20设置在机座10的内部，转子30设置在机座10的外部，每个定子20包括两个C形定子铁心21，这样可以进一步增加一个开关磁阻发电机中的定子20和转子30数目，进一步提高发电效率。
优选地，上述各实施例中，在机座10上设置有N个定子20和K个转子30；其中，N和K为不相等大于等于2的整数，以便于转子30在磁力推动作用下转动，如果定子20和转子30的数目相等，在线圈23通电后，定子极22会将转子极31吸死，无法转动。
例如，如图1a中所示的，在轴承12上设置10个辐条13，相邻辐条13间弧度角相等，每个辐条13的端部分别设置一个转子30，在环形圈11内侧等间距设置8个定子20，分别记作A、B、C、D、A’、B’、C’、D’ ，定子20和转子30位置分布如图1b所示。当采用图4和图6中具有两个C形定子铁心21的定子时，相应在每个辐条13的端部分别设置两个转子30。
开关磁阻发电机中理想相电感如图7中所示，其中，0、θrp/2和θ表示转子30所处的位置，如图8所示，转子30在θrp/2度位置时，定子极22与转子极31对准；如图9所示，转子30在0度位置时，定子极22与转子极31不对准。同时，图7中还示出了开关磁阻发电机中一个单元（一个转子30对应一个定子20）发电过程，其中包括转子30位置由0度至θrp/2度位置时的电动过程（激励过程），和转子30由θrp/2度至θ 度位置、相电感降低时的发电过程。
上述各实施例中，开关磁阻发电机还进一步包括连接线圈23的相变换器电路，如图10所示，相变换器电路包括串联后连接在直流电源VDC两端的第一器件K1和第二器件K2，以及串联后连接在直流电源VDC两端的第三器件K3和第四器件K4，线圈23连接在第一器件K1与第二器件K2的连接点、和第三器件K3与第四器件K4的连接点之间。
其中，如图11a所示，在电动阶段，第一器件K1和第四器件K4导通，第二器件K2和第三器件K3截止；如图11b所示，在保持阶段，第二器件K2和第四器件K4导通，第一器件K1和第三器件K3截止；如图11c所示，在发电阶段，第二器件K2和第三器件K3导通，第一器件K1和第四器件K4截止。
图12中示出了上述相变换器电路在各个阶段相电感、相电流和相电压的变化曲线。其中，L曲线代表相电感，V曲线代表相电压，i曲线代表相电流。正相电压和正相电流表示开关磁阻发电机从直流总线中吸取电流用于电动，负向电压和正向电流表示开关磁阻发电机向直流总线输出电流。
在更进一步的实施例中，如图13所示，开关磁阻发电机还包括控制***40，控制***40包括连接直流电源50的控制器41，控制器41与线圈23连接、以在电动阶段将C形定子铁心21磁化；控制器41与机座10的旋转部连接、以驱动旋转部带动转子30转动；控制***40还包括用于检测转子30位置的位置传感器42，位置传感器42与控制器41连接、以将转子30位置信号发送给控制器41。图13中，C-core SRG 43包括开关磁阻发电机的定子和转子，或其他需要由控制器41进行控制的部件。
本发明通过采用C形定子铁心21，且在机座10上设置多个定子20和转子30，使得转子30可同时相对定子20做直线和旋转运动，其转子30较小，比较容易被驱动，适合用于低速运转发电的情况，例如风力发电，且整体结构简单可靠控制灵活，制造成本低，易于实施。多个转子可在外力驱动下相对定子作直线运动切割磁力线的同时，还能相对定子转动，依次切割多个定子的磁力线，使得多个线圈中均能产生感应电动势，提升发电效率。
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种带C形定子铁心的开关磁阻发电机，包括机座（10），所述机座（10）上设置有多个定子（20）和转子（30），所述机座（10）包括用于固定所述转子（30）的旋转部和用于固定所述定子（20）的固定部，其特征在于，所述定子（20）包括C形定子铁心（21），所述C形定子铁心（21）上设置有线圈（23），在所述C形定子铁心（21）开口的两端为定子极（22），所述转子（30）包括转子极（31），多个所述转子（30）可在外力作用下依次相对每个定子（20）的所述定子极（22）同时做直线和旋转运动、使得磁路（24）的磁阻发生变化并在所述线圈（23）中产生感应电动势。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述旋转部包括轴承（12）和以所述轴承（12）为中心向外发射出的多个长度相等的辐条（13），多个所述转子（30）分别设置在每个所述辐条（13）的端部；
    所述固定部包括设置在所述旋转部***的环形框（11），多个所述定子（20）设置在所述环形框（11）内侧面上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述旋转部包括轴承和连接在所述轴承上的环形框，多个所述转子（30）分别设置在所述环形框的内侧面上；所述固定部包括设置在所述环形框内的中心轴和从所述中心轴向外发射出的多个长度相等、且固定不动的辐条，多个所述定子（20）分别设置在每个所述辐条的端部。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述定子（20）设置在所述机座（10）的外部，所述转子（30）设置在所述机座（10）的内部，每个所述定子（20）包括一个所述C形定子铁心（21）。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述定子（20）设置在所述机座（10）的外部，所述转子（30）设置在所述机座（10）的内部，每个所述定子（20）包括两个所述C形定子铁心（21）。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述定子（20）设置在所述机座（10）的内部，所述转子（30）设置在所述机座（10）的外部，每个所述定子（20）包括一个所述C形定子铁心（21）。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述定子（20）设置在所述机座（10）的内部，所述转子（30）设置在所述机座（10）的外部，每个所述定子（20）包括两个所述C形定子铁心（21）。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述机座（10）上设置有N个所述定子（20）和K个所述转子（30）；
    其中，所述N和K为不相等大于等于2的整数。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述开关磁阻发电机还包括连接所述线圈（23）的相变换器电路，所述相变换器电路包括串联后连接在直流电源两端的第一器件（K1）和第二器件（K2），以及串联后连接在直流电源两端的第三器件（K3）和第四器件（K4），所述线圈（23）连接在所述第一器件（K1）与所述第二器件（K2）的连接点、和所述第三器件（K3）与所述第四器件（K4）的连接点之间；其中，
    在电动阶段，所述第一器件（K1）和所述第四器件（K4）导通，所述第二器件（K2）和所述第三器件（K3）截止；
    在保持阶段，所述第二器件（K2）和所述第四器件（K4）导通，所述第一器件（K1）和所述第三器件（K3）截止；
    在发电阶段，所述第二器件（K2）和所述第三器件（K3）导通，所述第一器件（K1）和所述第四器件（K4）截止。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的开关磁阻发电机，其特征在于，所述开关磁阻发电机还包括控制***（40），所述控制***（40）包括连接直流电源（50）的控制器（41），所述控制器（41）与所述线圈（23）连接、以在电动阶段将所述C形定子铁心（21）磁化；
    所述控制器（41）与所述旋转部连接、以驱动所述旋转部带动所述转子（30）转动；
    所述控制***还包括用于检测所述转子位置的位置传感器（42），所述位置传感器（42）与所述控制器（41）连接、以将所述转子（30）位置信号发送给所述控制器（41）。
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