WO2012114368A1 - 磁気歯車機構 - Google Patents
磁気歯車機構 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012114368A1 WO2012114368A1 PCT/JP2011/000933 JP2011000933W WO2012114368A1 WO 2012114368 A1 WO2012114368 A1 WO 2012114368A1 JP 2011000933 W JP2011000933 W JP 2011000933W WO 2012114368 A1 WO2012114368 A1 WO 2012114368A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- magnetic
- rotor
- gear mechanism
- magnetic gear
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic gear mechanism that transmits torque without contact.
- Motors and prime movers are used as power drive sources for industrial equipment, home appliances, automobiles, railways, and the like.
- these power machines there are many examples in which the output torque and the rotational speed produced by the motor or the prime mover are decelerated by a mechanical gear and converted into the necessary torque and rotational speed.
- using a high speed electric machine with a mechanical gearbox can achieve high system torque density, but requires lubrication and cooling.
- reliability is an important issue.
- a magnetic gear mechanism that is also disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 2 has been studied by paying attention to this problem. This magnetic gear mechanism has less loss due to wear and heat generation than a mechanical gear mechanism, and can transmit a relatively large torque.
- Non-Patent Document 2 a configuration in which the rotor structure of the magnetic gear mechanism is an embedded magnet type is disclosed, but this is one for preventing the torque transmission force from being reduced with respect to the surface magnet type.
- this case there is a problem that the problem of generating eddy currents remains on the surface of the magnet close to the gap, rather than a structure that specializes in measures against eddy currents and greatly reduces losses.
- an object of the present invention is to realize a magnetic gear mechanism that efficiently transmits torque.
- the rotor has two rotors each having a permanent magnet having a plurality of poles, and a pole piece body having a plurality of poles made of a soft magnetic material between the rotors.
- the rotor is composed of a laminated body of soft magnetic materials, a permanent magnet is disposed inside the soft magnetic material, and the permanent of the rotor The magnet may be arranged so as to be exposed on the surface facing the magnetic pole piece for modulating the magnetic flux and divided into a plurality of parts in the axial direction.
- a magnetic gear mechanism that efficiently transmits torque can be realized.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a magnetic gear mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the cross section structure of the axial direction center part of the rotor core of the magnetic gear mechanism in connection with the 1st Example of this invention is shown.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is an axial sectional view explaining the magnet arrangement
- FIG. 5 shows a structure in which only the multipole side is embedded in the magnet holding state of the magnetic gear mechanism according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and the loss calculation result at that time. It shows a magnet holding state of the magnetic gear mechanism according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and shows an example of a configuration in which the magnet is divided in a slot in which the magnet is embedded, and a structure in which it is also divided into a shaft treasure. It is an example of the magnet holding
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the magnetic gear mechanism of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an AA section which is the center of the magnetic coupling portion of the magnetic gear mechanism shown in FIG.
- the housing that holds the rotor of the magnetic bearing mechanism includes a rear bracket 31, a housing 32, and a front bracket 33.
- the shaft 21 protruding to the left side of the drawing is the shaft of the low speed side rotor.
- the shaft 21 is structured to be supported on one side by bearings 24a and 24b disposed on the front bracket. However, the shaft runout is taken into consideration by setting the distance between the shafts of the bearings 24a and 24b to a certain distance.
- the material of the low-speed side rotor is a non-magnetic metal and is composed of non-magnetic stainless steel, brass, copper, titanium, aluminum, or the like. This is to prevent leakage magnetic flux generated by the multipolar magnet from flowing through the rotor shaft.
- the low-speed rotor shaft 21 has an outer rotor type rotor structure, and a rotor core 22 is held inside the cup type rotor. In the vicinity of the gap surface of the rotor core, there is a hole for inserting a magnet, and the magnet 23 is arranged in the hole.
- the rotor core is made of an electromagnetic steel plate or a soft magnetic material such as a dust core, amorphous, or permendur.
- a plurality of magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnets are arranged so that the directions of the poles are adjacent to each other so that the inward direction (radial axis center direction) and the outward direction (radial axis center reverse direction) are alternated.
- the circumferential direction portion of the hole into which the magnet is inserted is made as thin as possible with a thickness sufficient to maintain the strength of the rotor. This is for the purpose of minimizing the exchange of magnetic flux between adjacent magnets with different poles.
- the number of low-speed rotor poles is 34 (17 pole pairs).
- the axis 11 on the right side of the drawing is the axis of the high-speed rotor.
- the shaft 11 is supported at both ends by bearings 14a and 14b.
- a magnetic core 12 or a soft magnetic core 12 such as a dust core, amorphous, or permendur is fixed, and the surface of the rotor core of the soft magnetic body In the vicinity, there is a hole for inserting a magnet, and the magnet 13 is arranged in the hole.
- a plurality of these magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction, and are arranged so that the inward and outward directions are alternated by magnets whose poles are adjacent to each other.
- the circumferential direction portion of the hole into which the magnet is inserted is made as thin as possible with a thickness sufficient to maintain the strength of the rotor. This is for the purpose of minimizing the exchange of magnetic flux between adjacent magnets with different poles.
- the number of high-speed rotor poles in this embodiment is 14 (7 pole pairs).
- a magnetic pole piece for modulating magnetic flux is arranged between the high-speed rotor and the low-speed rotor.
- 24 magnetic poles are arranged at a uniform pitch in the circumferential direction.
- the pole piece 1 is made of a magnetic steel plate or a soft magnetic material such as a powder magnetic core, amorphous, or permendule so as to pass magnetic flux.
- a thin steel plate is laminated in the axial direction in an electromagnetic steel plate or the like.
- the pole piece 1 needs to match or shorten the axial lengths of the magnetic poles of the high speed side rotor and the low speed side rotor. The purpose of this is to prevent the magnetic flux of the magnet from spreading in the axial direction and reducing the gap magnetic flux density.
- the magnetic pole piece body wrapped with the magnetic pole piece is fixed to the magnetic pole piece holding base 3 that holds the magnetic pole piece body, and the magnetic pole piece holding base 3 is supported by a bearing 4a so as to be rotatable with respect to the rear side bracket 31. , 4b.
- the purpose of this is to change the gear ratio (speed ratio) for transmitting rotational torque by rotating the magnetic pole piece.
- the gear ratio (speed ratio) of this magnetic gear is determined by the ratio of the number of pole pairs of the high speed side rotor and the low speed side rotor. In this embodiment, since the number of pole pairs on the high speed side is 7 and the number of pole pairs on the low speed side is 17, 2.43 obtained by dividing 17 by 7 is the gear ratio (speed ratio).
- this gear ratio is a gear ratio when the magnetic pole piece is stationary, rotation of the magnetic pole piece causes the relative speeds of the high speed side and the magnetic pole piece body, and the magnetic pole piece body and the low speed side magnetic pole piece body.
- the gear ratio can be changed continuously. Therefore, in this embodiment, a gear mechanism 37 is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the magnetic pole piece holding base 3 to which the magnetic pole piece body is fixed, and via a pinion gear disposed at the tip of the output shaft of the motor 35 fixed to the rear side bracket 31.
- the pole piece holding base 3 is structured to be rotated with respect to the rear side bracket 31.
- FIG. 3 shows examples of various magnet holding shapes and pole piece configurations.
- FIG. 3A shows a general structure of a conventional magnetic gear.
- the magnet of the magnetic coupling portion has a structure in which the magnet is exposed on the rotor surface. For this reason, harmonic magnetic flux flows from the surface of the magnet to the inside, and eddy current loss (heat) is generated inside the magnet. Since this eddy current flows in the direction of obstructing the magnetic flux, the effective magnetic flux is canceled and the efficiency is also lowered.
- FIG. 3B shows the magnet arrangement structure of this example. Since the magnet is embedded in the soft magnetic material, it is called an embedded magnet type. In this structure, since the surface of the magnet does not protrude from the gap surface facing the pole piece, the harmonic magnetic flux generated on the gap surface is received by the magnetic pole surface of the soft magnetic material.
- the iron core of the soft magnetic material has a structure in which electromagnetic steel sheets and amorphous layers are laminated in the axial direction, so that eddy current loss is not easily generated even for the harmonic magnetic flux.
- the iron core is constituted by a dust core or the like, the eddy current loss with respect to the high-frequency magnetic flux can be made almost zero.
- the structure of the pole pieces is also different in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). In FIG. 3A, the pole pieces are arranged at an equal pitch, and the space between them is made of a nonmagnetic and nonconductive material.
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a shape that can be manufactured by a single press in consideration of manufacturing from an iron plate such as an electromagnetic steel plate. Manufacture is facilitated by providing a thin-walled bridge and punching a portion that does not become a pole piece as a gap. It is considered that the bridge can be made to be in the same state as the air gap by being saturated, but it is desirable to make the bridge as thin as possible so that the magnetic flux until saturation is realized can be reduced.
- a feature of the present embodiment is that a 0.35 mm thick electrical steel sheet is thinned to about 70% of its thickness to about 0.3 mm.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of calculating the eddy current loss in the configuration of FIG. 3 using FEA (Finite Element Analysis).
- the rated rotation speed of AC servo motors used for industrial use is 3000 r / min. Therefore, the calculation was performed with the rotation speed on the output side (low speed side) set to 3000 r / min.
- FIG. 3 shows the calculation of the eddy current loss when the low speed side is 3000 r / min and the rotation is performed in a phase relationship for transmitting the maximum torque.
- the material of the magnet is a sintered rare earth magnet of NdFeB.
- the residual magnetic flux density of the magnet is 1.25 T, and the specific resistance is 14.4 ⁇ m.
- the total loss of the magnet and the pole piece is 1901 W, and the gear efficiency is reduced to 68%.
- the total loss of the magnet and the pole piece is as low as 83 W, and a high gear efficiency of 96% can be obtained. In this way, by suppressing the eddy current loss inside the magnet and the magnetic pole piece, a magnetic gear structure (magnetic gear) capable of transmitting torque with very high efficiency can be realized.
- FIG. 4 of the first embodiment it can be seen that the loss on the low speed side is much larger than the loss on the high speed side.
- the surface magnet type means that a magnet is molded on the surface of the rotor. Therefore, it can be seen that the eddy current loss can be greatly reduced by embedding only the rotor on the high-speed side having a large loss, instead of embedding both the rotors.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which the high speed side magnet is a surface magnet type and the high speed side magnet is embedded. The eddy current loss calculation result of this structure is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6A shows an example in which the magnet is divided into a plurality of parts inside the magnet insertion slot.
- FIG. 6B shows the axial direction.
- the rotor of the magnetic gear is configured for the purpose of preventing eddy currents by dividing the magnet in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.
- An example is shown in FIG. As described above, since the eddy current on the low speed side (multipole) side becomes large, it is necessary to make the division of the low speed side rotor finer than the division of the high speed side rotor.
- Fig. 8 shows an example in which the rotor magnet is divided to the ultimate on the extension of the previous division.
- a method is adopted in which the magnet is finely divided into a powder and molded. According to this method, since the magnet can form an eddy current loop only within the grain size, the eddy current can be made almost zero.
- the magnet is formed using a mold capable of magnetic field orientation. An appropriate amount of magnet powder material 41 that has been reduced to a size of several tens of ⁇ m is prepared, filled into a mold (die) 43, and pressure is applied to the mold (punch) 44 to perform compression molding. To mold. At that time, by performing molding while applying current to the magnetic field orientation coil 42 arranged in the mold 43, the easy magnetization direction of the magnet can be accurately oriented in the direction of the magnetic field generated by passing the current. Can do.
- a magnetic gear having almost no eddy current can be configured by assembling the magnet 13 or 23 created by such a method into a rotor.
- the magnet material used in compression molding can obtain a high magnetic flux density even with NdFeB magnet powder or SmFeN powder. Since SmFeN has a higher electrical resistance than NdFeB, the effect of further reducing the eddy current can be obtained, and the effect of reducing the eddy current can be obtained even if it is molded with a larger particle size.
- FIG. 9 shows the result of calculating the loss generated in the magnet having the shape shown in FIG. 3 (a) using the value of 350 ⁇ m, which is a measurement result of the specific resistance of the magnet formed of NdFeB powder.
- the calculation condition assumes a case where the rotation speed is 3000 r / min and the rotation speed is in a phase relationship that transmits the maximum torque.
- the eddy current loss generated in the magnet on the high speed side was almost zero, and the result was as low as 4 W even on the low speed side (multipolar side).
- the gear efficiency is 99.1%, and almost no loss occurs in the gear portion.
- the magnet (bonded magnet) manufactured by the above method has a problem that it is weak against heat and relatively weak in magnetic force.
- the magnetic gear structure magnetic gear
- the magnetic gear which is one of the torque transmission mechanisms as in the above embodiments, focuses on transmitting torque efficiently and does not require magnetic force as much as the motor. If the magnet manufactured by the above-mentioned method is used, the merit can be utilized to the maximum.
- the magnetic gear as in the above-described embodiment is advantageous in using a bonded magnet because there is no mechanical contact and the heat generation action is low.
- the magnetic gear mechanism according to the present embodiment is used in a wide range of applications having a mechanism for generating power using a motor or a prime mover and transmitting the power by increasing or decreasing the speed, such as home appliances, industry, automobiles, railways, robots, etc. Is available. Moreover, it can be applied to a power transmission mechanism connected to a generator that converts kinetic energy into electricity, such as wind power, hydraulic power, nuclear power, and thermal power.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
2 非磁性部材
3 磁極片保持ベース
4a,4b,14a,14b,24a,24b 軸受け
11 軸
12 鉄心
13,23 磁石
21 低速側回転子の軸
22 回転子鉄心
31 リアブラケット
32 ハウジング
33 フロントブラケット
34 ベアリング押え板
35 磁極片群駆動用モータ
36 ピニオンギヤ
37 平歯車
41 磁石粉末
42 配向制御用コイル
43 金型(ダイ)
44 金型(パンチ)
45 電源
Claims (4)
- 複数極の永久磁石を有する2つの回転子と、その回転子間に軟磁性材料で構成される複数極を有する磁極片体を有し、その磁極片によってそれぞれの磁石極数比の磁束を変調して回転を伝達する磁気歯車機構において、
前記回転子を軟磁性材料の積層体で構成し、永久磁石を軟磁性材料の内部に配置し、
前記回転子の永久磁石を、磁束を変調する磁極片体と対向する面に露出させて配置し、軸方向に複数に分割することを特徴とする磁気歯車機構。 - 請求項1記載の磁気歯車機構において、
磁石の分割数は、多極側の磁石と少極側の磁石で異ならせ、多極側の磁石の分割数が多いことを特徴とする磁気歯車機構。 - 請求項1記載の磁気歯車機構において、
磁極片は、電磁鋼板などの鉄板を積層して構成され、その形状は、周方向に一体として空隙部を孔としてくり抜いた形状として構成されることを特徴とする磁気歯車機構。 - 複数極の永久磁石を有する2つの回転子と、その回転子間に複数極を有する磁極片体を有した磁気歯車機構において、
前記回転子の永久磁石を粉状にした状態にまで細かく分割し磁場配向させながら成形を行った磁石を用いて回転子として用いることを特徴とする磁気歯車機構。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/980,516 US9385581B2 (en) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | Magnetic gear mechanism |
PCT/JP2011/000933 WO2012114368A1 (ja) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | 磁気歯車機構 |
CN201180067220.0A CN103370561B (zh) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | 磁齿轮机构 |
JP2013500661A JP5526281B2 (ja) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | 磁気歯車機構 |
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PCT/JP2011/000933 WO2012114368A1 (ja) | 2011-02-21 | 2011-02-21 | 磁気歯車機構 |
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US (1) | US9385581B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5526281B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103370561B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012114368A1 (ja) |
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JP6020598B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2016-11-02 | 日立金属株式会社 | 磁気ギア装置 |
WO2014109268A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | 磁気ギア装置 |
EP2763298A3 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2017-05-17 | Sanyo Denki Co., Ltd. | Power transmission device |
JP2014155253A (ja) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-25 | Sanyo Denki Co Ltd | 動力伝達装置 |
US10985642B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2021-04-20 | Sanyo Denki Co., Ltd. | Power transmission device |
JP2017017984A (ja) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-19 | グッドリッチ・アクチュエイション・システムズ・リミテッド | 磁気歯車のための磁極片構造体 |
JP2016201996A (ja) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-01 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気機械装置、及び、これを備える移動体およびロボット、並びに、変速装置 |
JP2018078777A (ja) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-17 | 株式会社プロスパイン | 回転増速部を有する発電機 |
CN109560682A (zh) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-02 | 三峡大学 | 一种带有金属薄片的磁力齿轮装置 |
JP2021113566A (ja) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-08-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 磁気ギヤード回転電機および製造方法。 |
JP7346312B2 (ja) | 2020-01-16 | 2023-09-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 磁気ギヤード回転電機および製造方法。 |
JPWO2022030031A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-02-10 | ||
WO2022030031A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-02-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 磁束変調型磁気歯車 |
JP7412568B2 (ja) | 2020-08-03 | 2024-01-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 磁束変調型磁気歯車 |
DE112021007284T5 (de) | 2021-03-12 | 2024-01-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Magnetgetriebe vom magnetflussmodulierten typ |
WO2022210237A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 磁気ギアード回転機械、発電システム、および磁極片回転子 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103370561A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
US9385581B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
JPWO2012114368A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
JP5526281B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
CN103370561B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
US20130320795A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
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