WO2012065459A1 - 无源光网络光纤故障的检测***和方法 - Google Patents

无源光网络光纤故障的检测***和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012065459A1
WO2012065459A1 PCT/CN2011/077559 CN2011077559W WO2012065459A1 WO 2012065459 A1 WO2012065459 A1 WO 2012065459A1 CN 2011077559 W CN2011077559 W CN 2011077559W WO 2012065459 A1 WO2012065459 A1 WO 2012065459A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
signal
interface
fiber
wavelength
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PCT/CN2011/077559
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐继东
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012065459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012065459A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical network system in the field of communications, and more particularly to a system and method for detecting a fiber fault in a passive optical network. Background technique
  • a Passive Optical Network is a point-to-multipoint optical (OLT), an Optical Network Unit (ONU), and an Optical Distribution Network (ODN).
  • OLT point-to-multipoint optical
  • ONU Optical Network Unit
  • ODN Optical Distribution Network
  • an optical line terminal OLT connects a plurality of branch fibers and a corresponding optical network unit ONU to a point-to-multipoint structure through an optical fiber and an optical distribution network ODN optical power splitter (referred to as a splitter).
  • an optical path detection device for example, an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) to detect the trunk and branch fibers of the entire passive optical network, if one The branch fiber fails, and it is hoped that the fault can be quickly detected and the fault can be located and repaired without affecting the services of other branch fibers.
  • OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
  • the signal of the backbone fiber generally has no problem, but the signals of the branch fiber will encounter the following two problems. 1. If the distance between some of the branch fibers and the splitter is approximately equal, the OTDR cannot distinguish which branch fiber is the signal unless a high resolution OTDR is used. But the highest resolution that can be provided now is 2 meters.
  • the splitter has a large split ratio, then the Rayleigh reflected signal of the branched fiber will have a large loss when it passes through the splitter. When it reaches the OTDR detector, the signal is already submerged in the noise.
  • the maximum dynamic range of a typical OTDR device is around 40 dB.
  • the current remedy is to add an optical filter in front of all ONUs that transmits all light less than 1625 nm, but reflects the light of the OTDR above 1625 nm, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the optical filter When the optical filter is used, the light reflected by the port can be increased by 6 dB. Equipped with a high-resolution OTDR device, it is possible to determine whether the branch fiber is faulty based on whether there is reflected light, but it is still impossible to determine the exact location where the branch fiber fault occurs. If some of the branched fibers are of equal length, the reflected light overlaps, and even high-resolution OTDR devices cannot distinguish the difference. To make matters worse, for large ODP (such as 1:128 split ratio), the gain brought by the filter may not be enough for the loss of the splitter, so the OTDR equipment in the office may not receive it. Any information from the branch fiber. Summary of the invention
  • a passive optical network fiber fault detection system including: an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) device, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler, a wavelength selective coupler, a branch fiber selector, and a wavelength selective router connected to the branch fiber, wherein the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is connected to the OTDR device and an optical line terminal (OLT), and is connected to the wavelength selective coupler through a trunk fiber; a selective coupler coupled to the splitter and the branch fiber selector; the branch fiber selector being coupled to the wavelength selective coupler and each of the wavelength selective routers; each of the wavelength selective routers further Corresponding branch fiber connection, connected to the optical network unit by the branch fiber, wherein
  • OLT optical line terminal
  • the OTDR device is configured to: emit an optical path detection signal to the wavelength division multiplexing coupler; and analyze whether the reflected signal is abnormal according to the received reflected signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal to determine a trunk optical fiber or corresponding Whether the branch fiber is faulty;
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is configured to: direct the optical path detection signal to the backbone optical fiber; and separate the reflected signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal from the backbone optical fiber, and transmit the reflected signal to the OTDR device;
  • the wavelength selective coupler is configured to: separate the optical path detection signal from the trunk fiber to be transmitted to the branch fiber selector; and return the received reflection signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal back to the trunk fiber Upper
  • the branch fiber selector is configured to: transmit the optical path detection signal to a wavelength selection router that is previously turned on; and transmit the received reflection signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal to the pre-connected wavelength selection Coupler
  • the wavelength selection router is configured to: transmit the optical path detection signal to a corresponding branch fiber, and then separate a reflection signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal from an uplink signal of the branch fiber, where the optical path is The reflected signal corresponding to the detection signal is transmitted to the branch fiber selector.
  • the above system also has the following features:
  • the OTDR device is further configured to: send a command signal for detecting a branch fiber to the wavelength division multiplexing coupler before the optical path detection signal is sent to the wavelength division multiplexing coupler or after the detection ends Transmitting, by the wavelength division multiplexing coupler and the wavelength selective coupler, the branch fiber selector,
  • the branch fiber selector is further configured to: after receiving the command signal, turn on or off the wavelength selection router according to the command signal.
  • the branch fiber selector includes: a passive optical module, an optical switch controller, and a 1 X N optical switch, where:
  • the passive optical module includes an optical circulator module and a beam splitting module
  • the optical circulator module includes: an input interface, an output interface, a first access interface, and a second access interface, and the optical signal entering from the input interface
  • the first input and output interface output, the optical signal entering from the first access interface is output from the second access interface, and the optical signal from the second access interface is output from the output interface
  • the optical splitting module includes: a common interface, a first optical splitting interface, and a second optical splitting interface, after the optical signal entering the shared optical interface is split into two optical signals, and outputted from the first optical splitting interface and the second optical splitting interface respectively;
  • the output interface of the optical circulator module is connected to the common interface of the optical splitting module, the first optical splitting interface is connected to the input interface of the optical circulator module, the second optical splitting interface and the optical switch controller Connecting, the optical switch controller is connected to the optical switch; the wavelength selective coupler is connected to the first access interface, and the second access interface is connected to a universal port of the optical switch, the optical switch
  • the N branch ports are connected to the corresponding wavelength selective routers.
  • the optical switch controller is configured to: if the instruction for detecting a branch fiber is detected, and issue an associated control command to the optical switch;
  • the optical switch is configured to: turn on or off the optical path of the branch port of the optical switch and the branch port corresponding to the branch fiber specified by the command according to the control command.
  • the above system also has the following features:
  • the optical circulator module is a four-interface optical circulator, or
  • the optical circulator module is composed of two three-interface optical circulators.
  • the above system further has the following features: the optical switch controller includes a light receiver and an optical switch control module,
  • the optical receiver is configured to: convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and then transmit the received optical signal to the optical switch control module;
  • the optical switch control module is configured to: after receiving the electrical signal, if the electrical signal is determined To monitor the command signal, an associated control command is issued to the optical switch.
  • the optical splitting module is configured to: divide an optical signal that is input from the common interface into an optical signal of a first optical power and an optical signal of a second optical power, where the first optical An optical signal of power is output from the first optical splitting interface, and an optical signal of the second optical power is output from the second optical splitting interface.
  • the above system also has the following features:
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is a first filter, which is configured to: a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of an OTDR wavelength to be connected to the OTDR device, and a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of a non-OTDR wavelength OLT connection, the shared port is connected to the backbone fiber;
  • the wavelength selective coupler is a second filter, which is configured to: a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of an OTDR wavelength to be connected to the branch fiber selector, and a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of a non-OTDR wavelength to be The splitter is connected, and the shared port is connected to the trunk fiber;
  • the wavelength selection router is a third filter, which is configured to: a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of an OTDR wavelength to be connected to the branch fiber selector, a port for allowing an optical signal input or output of a non-OTDR wavelength to be The splitter is connected, and the shared port is connected to the corresponding branch fiber.
  • the first, second and third filters may be the same device in terms of physical properties.
  • the above system also has the following features:
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is further configured to: direct the downlink signal of the OLT into the trunk fiber; separate the uplink signal from the backbone fiber, and transmit the uplink signal to the OLT;
  • the wavelength selective coupler is further configured to: separate the downlink signal from the backbone optical fiber, and transmit the downlink signal to the optical splitter; and send the received uplink signal back to the trunk optical fiber;
  • the optical splitter is configured to: transmit the downlink signal to each of the wavelength selection routers; and output an uplink signal sent by each of the wavelength selection routers to the wavelength selective coupler;
  • the wavelength selection router is further configured to: transmit the downlink signal to a corresponding branch fiber, and then transmit an uplink signal of the branch fiber to the beam splitter.
  • the present invention also provides a method for detecting faults in a passive optical network optical fiber, and performing detection based on the foregoing system, including:
  • the OTDR device sends an instruction for detecting a branch fiber, and after receiving the instruction, the branch fiber selector connects to the optical path of the branch fiber specified by the instruction;
  • the OTDR device After the optical path detection signal is sent, the OTDR device analyzes whether the reflected signal is abnormal according to the received reflected signal of the optical path detection signal to determine whether there is a fault in the trunk fiber or the corresponding branch fiber.
  • the above method also has the following features:
  • the branch fiber selector disconnects the optical path specified by the instruction.
  • the wavelength of the optical path detection signal is selected to avoid uplink and downlink service wavelengths.
  • the above method further has the following features:
  • the wavelength of the optical path detection signal is between 1625 nm and 1675 ⁇ .
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for detecting a fiber fault of a passive optical network, which can monitor, detect, and locate faults of the trunk and all branch fibers of the passive optical network, and select signals by selecting an OTDR.
  • the branch fiber corresponding to the branch fiber is selected for detection, thereby avoiding the problem that the signal of the equal-length branch fiber overlaps and cannot be distinguished.
  • the detection signal and the reflected signal of the OTDR are bypassed by the optical splitter and returned to the main fiber, so that the loss of the optical splitter is independent of the optical path detection signal, which ensures the detection capability and accuracy of the OTDR instrument for the branched optical fiber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional passive optical network
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional optical path detecting passive optical network system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical path detecting passive optical network system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a wavelength division multiplexing coupler of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a wavelength selective coupler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wavelength selection router according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a branch fiber selector according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 8 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a branch fiber selector according to the present invention. Preferred embodiment of the invention
  • a system for detecting a fiber fault of a passive optical network includes: an OTDR device capable of transmitting a monitoring command, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler, a wavelength selective coupler, a branch fiber selector, and more than one and a splitter Connected wavelength selection routers.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is connected to the OTDR device and the optical line terminal OLT, and is connected to the wavelength selective coupler through the trunk fiber;
  • the wavelength selective coupler is connected to the beam splitter and the branch fiber selector; the branch fiber selector and each wavelength Select routers to connect; each wavelength selection router is connected to the optical network unit through the corresponding branch fiber.
  • a splitter is connected to each wavelength selective router.
  • An OTDR device capable of transmitting a monitoring command for transmitting a command for detecting a corresponding branch fiber to a wavelength division multiplexing coupler (for example, transmitting an associated command for an optical switch), and subsequently emitting a signal for optical path detection; Determining whether there is a fault in the trunk fiber or the corresponding branch fiber according to whether the received reflected signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal is abnormal.
  • the optical path detection signal is a single-pulse optical signal
  • the command signal is a one-byte eight-bit signal composed of eight optical pulses. It is easy to distinguish them; at the same time, the OTDR itself knows when to send the command signal, and when the illuminating path detects the signal, it only analyzes the reflected signal received by the optical path detection, and determines whether it is abnormal or not to determine the trunk fiber and corresponding Whether the branch fiber is faulty.
  • the reflected signal is a Fresnel reflected signal or the Rayleigh reflected signal has a sudden change, it can be determined that the trunk fiber or the corresponding branch fiber has a fault, and if it is a continuous Rayleigh reflected signal, it can be determined that the trunk fiber or the corresponding branch fiber has no fault.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing coupler for transmitting all the OTDR signals and the downlink signals of the optical line terminals to the trunk fiber, and transmitting the optical path detection reflection signals separated on the backbone fibers to the OTDR device, and separating The outgoing uplink signal is transmitted to the optical line terminal OLT.
  • a wavelength selective coupler for separating the OTDR signal from the downstream light of the backbone fiber and passing it to the branch fiber selector, the remaining downstream light being passed to the beam splitter; and the received light from the branch fiber selector
  • the reflected signal detected by the process is guided back to the main fiber and will pass through the optical splitter.
  • the upstream signal is transmitted to the backbone fiber.
  • a branch fiber optic selector configured to turn on a wavelength selective router connected thereto according to an instruction in the OTDR signal, and transmit an optical path detection signal from the wavelength selective coupler through an optical path of the optical switch to the corresponding wavelength selective router, and Transmitting an optical path detection reflected signal from a branch fiber of the wavelength selective router to a wavelength selective coupler;
  • the branch fiber selector may include a passive light guiding module, an optical receiver, and a light-feeding switch control chip. Specifically, the branch fiber selector is configured to pass the OTDR signal from the wavelength selective coupler through the passive light guiding module, and divide a part of the light. On the monitored optical receiver (PD), the PD converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal to the optical switch control chip (Chip), and the optical switch control chip will judge according to the received signal, if it is a monitoring command The signal will issue relevant commands to the optical switch according to requirements.
  • PD monitored optical receiver
  • the PD converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal to the optical switch control chip (Chip), and the optical switch control chip will judge according to the received signal, if it is a monitoring command
  • the signal will issue relevant commands to the optical switch according to requirements.
  • the optical switch accepts relevant instructions to perform related actions, such as: the optical switch is connected to the path between the wavelength selective coupler and the associated wavelength selective router; if it is not the monitoring command signal, that is, the light The detection signal, the controller will have no action, but the optical path detection signal will pass through the optical path of the optical switch, reach the corresponding wavelength selection router, and then enter the branch fiber, and the optical path detection reflection signal will also return to the trunk along the optical path. optical fiber.
  • a wavelength selection router for transmitting a downlink signal from the optical splitter to all of the branch fibers; and transmitting an optical path detection signal from the branch fiber selector to the corresponding branch fiber; and then separating the optical path from the uplink signal of the branch fiber The detected reflected signal is transmitted to the branch fiber selector, and the remaining separated uplink signals are transmitted to the beam splitter.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler is located at the local OLT, and the purpose is to import and export the OTDR signal when the normal service is not affected.
  • the wavelength division multiplexing coupler may be composed of a thin film filter or may be composed of a wideband filter.
  • the thin film filter has a light average reflection above 1625 nm (the OTDR wavelength ranges from 1625 nm to 1675 nm, which is in compliance with the International Telecommunications Union ITU-T L.66 standard), such as the R port [allows light above 1625 nm (OTDR wavelength)). Signal input or output], but for light less than 1625nm (non-OTDR wavelength), such as P port (allows light signal input or output less than 1625nm).
  • the connection is as follows, the P port is connected to the OLT, the C port is connected to the backbone fiber, and the R port is connected to the OTDR device.
  • the thin film filter is used to import the OTDR signal outputted by the OTDR device to the trunk optical fiber, and transmit the OTDR reflected signal to the OTDR device, while maintaining normal uplink and downlink communication between the OLT and the ONU.
  • a wavelength selective coupler may be disposed at the entrance of the optical splitter. As shown in FIG. 5, the wavelength selective coupler may be composed of a thin film filter (TFF), or may be broadband filtered. Composition.
  • the thin film filter reflects light above 1625 nm (or OTDR wavelength), such as R port, but transmits light less than 1625 nm (non-OTDR wavelength), such as P port.
  • the connection is as follows, the P port is connected to the optical splitter, the C port is connected to the backbone fiber, and the R port is connected to the branch fiber selector.
  • the thin film filter is used to introduce the OTDR signal to the branch fiber selector and direct the OTDR reflection signal of the branch fiber back to the trunk fiber, while maintaining normal uplink and downlink communication between the OLT and the ONU.
  • branch fiber selector next to the optical splitter ODN splitter, which is an active device.
  • the branch fiber selector can be composed of three parts.
  • the first part is a passive light guiding module. As shown in Figure 7, it consists of a four-interface optical circulator and a splitter:
  • the four-interface optical circulator has four interfaces, of which interface 1 is the input interface, that is, only light.
  • the light coming in from interface 1 can only be output from interface 2;
  • interface 2 is the input and output interface, the light coming in from interface 2 can only be output from interface 3;
  • interface 3 is the input and output interface, the light coming in from interface 3 Can only be output from interface 4;
  • interface 4 is the output interface, that is, the light can only go out, only the light of interface 3 can be output from interface 4;
  • the optical splitter is an optical power splitter, that is, Splitter, which determines the optical power The ratio is output from a different interface and is a two-way device. The splitter used in FIG.
  • the C interface is a universal port
  • the interface 1 is a first split optical interface, and most of the light split from the C interface (for example, 90%) is output from the interface 1
  • the interface 2 is the second.
  • the optical interface the small part of the light (for example, 10%) separated from the C interface is output from the interface 1.
  • the proportion of the splitting light can be adjusted by the user according to the actual situation; the connection is as shown in Fig. 7, and the optical circulator interface 3 and The wavelength selective coupler is connected, the interface 2 is connected with the universal interface of the optical switch, and the interface 1 is connected with the first interface of the optical splitter, the interface 4 is connected with the universal interface of the optical splitter, the second interface of the optical splitter and the optical switch controller The light receivers are connected.
  • FIG. 8 is another embodiment of a passive light guiding module.
  • the optical circulator of the three interfaces is replaced by two optical circulators of three interfaces, and the interface 1 of the optical circulator of the three interfaces is an input interface.
  • the interface 2 of the optical circulator of the three interfaces is an access interface, the light entering from the interface 1 is from the interface 2, and the light entering from the interface 2 is output from the interface 3; the interface 3 of the optical circulator of the third interface is the output interface The light only goes out; with this feature, the interface 3 of the first optical circulator and the interface 1 of the second optical circulator
  • the optical circulator corresponding to the four interfaces is formed, and the interface 3 of the second optical circulator is equivalent to the interface 4 of the four-interface optical circulator; the interface 2 of the second optical circulator is equivalent to the four-interface optical circulator Interface 3; interface 2 of the first optical circulator is equivalent to interface 2 of the four-interface optical circulator; interface 1 of the first optical circulator is equivalent to interface 1 of the four-
  • the second part is the optical switch controller, which consists of two parts, one is a photoelectric converter (PD), whose main function is to accept the OTDR's command to the optical switch at the OLT, and then convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal. It is transmitted to the optical switch control chip (ie, the controller), and the controller performs related operations on the optical switch according to the requirements of the instruction.
  • PD photoelectric converter
  • command system can be divided into four working states:
  • State 1 Turn on the power of the optical switch. The main reason is to save energy. In normal time, the optical switch is in the no-power off state. After the controller receives the command, the optical switch power is turned on, so that the optical switch is in the state of preheating and accepting commands.
  • State 2 Turn on the optical path of a branch fiber, and the controller requires the optical switch to turn on a certain branch according to the instruction, and the optical switch operates according to the requirements;
  • State 3 Disconnecting the optical path, the controller requests the optical switch to open a branch according to the instruction, and the optical switch operates according to the requirements;
  • State 4 The main reason for turning off the power of the optical switch is to save energy. After the controller receives the command, the optical switch power is turned off, so that the entire branch fiber selector is in a standby state, that is, only the optical switch controller has a small amount of power supply. .
  • State 2 and State 3 can be repeated throughout the instruction operation because more than one branch fiber may be tested during the test, and several, or all, may need to be detected.
  • the operation process can be summarized as follows, state one to state two to state three to state two to state three ... until state four.
  • the connection is as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the optical receiver is connected to the second interface of the optical splitter, and the electrical part is connected to the optical switch control chip through a wire, and the optical switch control chip is connected to the electrical part of the optical switch to be turned on or off.
  • the power supply of the optical switch and the optical switch according to the command are connected.
  • the third part is the optical switch of ⁇ , where N is determined by the number of branching fibers, and its main function is to set a light path for the wavelength selective coupler and the selected wavelength selection router, so that the optical path inspection
  • the measured signal reaches the branch fiber through the channel, and the optical path detection reflection signal of the branch fiber can also return to the trunk fiber through the path; the line connection is as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, and the interface of the optical switch and the optical circulator are connected.
  • 2 is connected, and 1 to N branch ports are connected to the wavelength selective routers of the corresponding branch fibers.
  • the identification information will be stored by the OLT or the OTDR. After the information is obtained, if a branch fiber is to be detected, the optical switch can be connected to the optical path between the branch port and the common port of the branch fiber. The optical switch is connected to the optical switch controller and its operating state is determined by the optical switch controller.
  • a wavelength selective router is connected in front of each branch fiber of the optical splitter, and the optical splitter can be an equal power splitting device.
  • the wavelength selective router can be composed of a thin film filter (TFF).
  • the thin film filter reflects light above 1625 nm (wavelength of OTDR) (such as R port), but transmits light below 1625 ( (non-OTDR wavelength) (such as P port).
  • the connection is as follows, the P port is connected to the splitter, the C port is connected to the branch fiber, and the R port is connected to the branch fiber selector.
  • the thin film filter is configured to introduce an optical path detection signal from the branch fiber selector onto the branch fiber, and direct the optical path detection reflection signal of the branch fiber to the branch fiber selector, and only the selected wavelength selection router can
  • the above optical path detection signal and the optical path detection reflection signal are guided, and the normal uplink and downlink communication between the OLT and the ONU is maintained, and the selected wavelength selection router is not selected, and only the normal uplink and downlink communication between the OLT and the ONU is performed.
  • the optical path detecting system composed of the above series of auxiliary optical function modules can intelligently and quickly detect and locate the fault of the trunk fiber and any branch fiber by using an OTDR device capable of issuing commands. .
  • the l x N optical switch is used to select the branch fiber associated with it, thus avoiding signal overlap of the equal length branch fibers and being indistinguishable.
  • the optical path detection signal and the optical path detection reflection signal of the branch fiber are bypassed by the optical splitter and returned to the main fiber, thereby avoiding the attenuation of the optical path detection signal by the optical splitter, and ensuring that the OTDR instrument can receive the optical path of the branched optical fiber. Detect the reflected signal.
  • the wavelength of the OTDR generally needs to avoid the uplink and downlink service wavelengths.
  • the wavelength is generally selected between 1625 nm and 1675 nm, and the non-OTDR wavelength generally refers to the uplink and downlink service wavelengths, and also includes the video signal wavelength. .
  • the system of the embodiment of the present invention can very effectively help the operator to quickly find the location of the fault, which will greatly shorten the maintenance time and reduce the maintenance cost. Especially when a branch fiber occurs In the case of a barrier, the operator can quickly detect and locate the fiber and perform maintenance without affecting the normal operation of other branch fibers. These will greatly reduce the operator's operating and maintenance costs.
  • the passive optical network is first modified to add some passive optical function modules.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing coupler is added at the OLT. Its main function is to connect the OTDR equipment to the trunk optical fiber, so that the optical path detection signal can enter the passive optical network system, and the corresponding reflected signal can Passed through the network to the OTDR detector.
  • Inserting a wavelength selective coupler in front of the optical splitter its main function is to separate the OTDR signal from the backbone fiber and transmit it to the branch fiber selector, and transmit the optical path detection and reflection signal of the branch fiber back to the backbone fiber, while ensuring Normal communication of the line signal.
  • Inserting a wavelength selective router in front of each branch fiber after the optical splitter its main function is to introduce the optical path detection signal from the branch fiber selector into the branch fiber, and to reflect the optical path detection reflection signal of the branch fiber from the uplink signal. It is separated and transmitted to the branch fiber optic selector, and the uplink and downlink communication is guaranteed to operate normally.
  • Coupler Place a branch fiber optic selector next to the splitter, as shown in Figure 7 or Figure 8.
  • One end is connected to the wavelength selective coupler, and the other end is connected to each wavelength selective router.
  • the main function is to connect the optical switch according to the OTDR command. Universal port and branch port.
  • the OTDR equipment can intelligently test the entire passive optical network system.
  • the entire optical path detection process will be described below. Including the following steps:
  • the OTDR device sends an instruction for detecting a branch fiber. After receiving the instruction, the branch fiber selector connects to the optical path of the branch fiber specified by the instruction.
  • the passive optical network When the passive optical network needs to be detected, first connect the OTDR device to the wavelength division multiplexing coupling in the local office. On the combiner, and then for a desired measurement branch fiber, the OTDR meter uses the OTDR wavelength light to issue a command to turn on the optical switch to the branch fiber selector, and then wait a few seconds before issuing the command to turn on the desired measurement branch fiber. .
  • the OTDR device After the optical path detection signal is sent, the OTDR device analyzes whether the reflected signal is abnormal according to the received reflected signal corresponding to the optical path detection signal to determine whether the corresponding branch fiber has a fault.
  • the OTDR can emit an optical path detection signal, and the R interface of the WDM coupler connected to the OTDR is coupled into the main fiber for transmission, and the reflected signal returns the original path to the OTDR instrument.
  • the OTDR can emit an optical path detection signal, and the R interface of the WDM coupler connected to the OTDR is coupled into the main fiber for transmission, and the reflected signal returns the original path to the OTDR instrument.
  • the detection signal will be transmitted to the C interface of the wavelength selective coupler and then separated from the R interface to the interface of the branch fiber selector circulator.
  • the branch fiber selector if the optical circulator is a four-port optical circulator, the interface is the interface 3 of the optical circulator, and then the interface 4 of the optical circulator enters the common interface of the optical splitter. A small part of the light exits from the second interface of the optical splitter and enters the optical receiver of the optical switch controller. After the optical switch control chip determines that this is the optical path detection signal, then there is no action; and most of the light is from the optical splitter.
  • the first interface is out, enters the interface 1 of the optical circulator, exits from the interface 2 of the optical circulator; reaches the universal port of the optical switch, exits from the branch port that communicates with the optical switch, and enters the wavelength selective router connected to the optical switch.
  • the R interface is then output from the C interface of the wavelength selective router to the branch fiber connected to it, and transmitted to the ONU connected thereto.
  • the optical path detection reflection signal of the branch fiber returns to the original path through the R interface of the wavelength selection router to the branch port of the optical switch of the branch fiber selector, and is output from the general port of the optical switch, as shown in FIG.
  • the interface 2 of the optical circulator enters the R interface of the wavelength selective coupler connected to the optical circulator after exiting the interface 3 of the optical circulator, and then exits from the C interface, enters the trunk optical fiber, and reaches the wavelength division through the transmission of the trunk optical fiber.
  • the coupler's C interface is then separated and output from its R interface back to the OTDR, so each time the OTDR will show a reflected signal from the backbone fiber plus a branch fiber.
  • the branch fiber selector may also be composed of two three-interface optical circulators of FIG. 8, wherein the only difference is that two three-interface circulators are used instead of the four-interface circulator, that is, the second optical circulator
  • the interface 2 is equivalent to the interface 3 of the four-interface circulator
  • the interface 2 of the first optical circulator is equivalent to the interface 2 of the four-interface circulator
  • the interface 3 of the second optical circulator is equivalent to the interface 4 of the four-interface circulator
  • the interface 1 of the optical circulator is equivalent to the interface 1 of the four-interface circulator
  • the interface 3 of the first optical circulator is connected to the interface 1 of the second optical circulator, and the other connections are the same as those of FIG.
  • the transmission of light is consistent with the previous description and will not be repeated one by one.
  • the OTDR will issue an instruction to disconnect the path, then wait a few seconds to issue an instruction to connect the new branch fiber, and then issue a new optical path detection signal, OTDR.
  • the instrument will detect whether the reflected signal is abnormal according to the received optical path and determine whether it is faulty and locate the fault. Repeat the above steps until the end of the measurement.
  • the OTDR device issues a detection end command, and after receiving the instruction, the branch fiber optic selector disconnects the optical path specified by the instruction and turns off the optical switching power supply.
  • the OTDR device When the detection is completed, the OTDR device sends an instruction to disconnect the optical path to the branch fiber selector with the light of the OTDR wavelength, and then waits for a few seconds before issuing an instruction to turn off the optical switching power supply, so that the branch fiber selector returns to the original state. The state of waiting for electricity.
  • the first is the downstream optical link, and the OLT emits the downstream light, which is transmitted through the wavelength division multiplexing coupler. See Figure 4, passing through the backbone fiber to the wavelength selective coupler, see Figure 5, and then through the filter to the splitter.
  • the splitter passes through the splitter to each wavelength selective router. See Figure 6.
  • the filter passing through the wavelength selective router reaches each branch fiber and then reaches the corresponding ONU through the branch fiber.
  • the upstream optical link is the upstream light sent by the ONU and passes through the branch fiber to the wavelength selective router. See Figure 6.
  • the filter of the wavelength selective router is passed to the optical splitter, and passes through the optical splitter to reach the wavelength selective coupler. 5, through the wavelength selective coupler to the backbone fiber, through the trunk fiber to the wavelength division multiplexing coupler, see Figure 4, through the WDM coupler to the OLT.
  • the OTDR signal and the reflected signal do not interfere with the downstream and upstream optical links throughout the transmission.
  • the communication between the OLT and the ONU of the passive optical network is always smooth, that is, their services are not interrupted. If a branch fiber fails, the user of other branch fibers will not be aware of the OTDR for detection and fault location, and subsequent repair and recovery of normal operation. This will be greatly reduced The cost of the operator's repairs.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for detecting a fiber fault of a passive optical network, which can monitor, detect, and locate faults of a trunk of the passive optical network and all branch fibers, and select by selecting an OTDR monitoring signal.
  • the branch fiber corresponding to the detection is detected, thereby avoiding the problem that the signals of the equal-length branch fibers overlap and cannot be distinguished.
  • the detection signal and the reflection signal of the OTDR are bypassed by the optical splitter and returned to the main fiber, so that the loss of the optical splitter is independent of the optical path detection signal, which ensures the detection capability and accuracy of the OTDR instrument for the branched optical fiber.

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Abstract

提供一种检测无源光网络光纤故障的***及方法。该方法包括：光时域反射仪（OTDR）设备发出针对某个分支光纤进行检测的指令，分支光纤选择器接收到所述指令后，连通所述指令指定的分支光纤的光通路；OTDR设备发出光程检测信号后，根据接收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号，分析所述反射信号是否异常来确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是否存在故障。通过本发明可以监视、检测以及定位无源光网络的主干和所有的分支光纤的故障，而且通过选择OTDR监控信号来选择与其对应的分支光纤进行检测，这样就避免了长度相等分支光纤的信号重叠，不能区分的问题。

Description

无源光网络光纤故障的检测***和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域光网络***， 尤其涉及一种检测无源光网络光纤故 障的***和方法。 背景技术
网络技术的快速发展和网络应用的普及化， 如网络通讯和网络购物， 以 及网络娱乐等已经成为现代人生活的一部分， 这样现有的接入网络铜线（有 线） ***已远远满足不了这种高速和宽带的需求， 而无源光网络是宽带和高 速、 环保和节能的宽带接入技术， 是取代现有的接入网络的最佳候选者， 其 正在被绝大多数运营商所接受并被部署， 用以满足日益增长的通信用户以及 更快速和更好的服务需求。
无源光网络（ Passive Optical Network, 简称 PON )是一种点对多点的光 简称 OLT ) 、 光网络单元（ Optical Network Unit, 简称 ONU ) 以及光分配网 络（ Optical Distribution Network, 简称 ODN )。通常是由一个光线路终端 OLT 通过主干光纤和光分配网络 ODN的光功率分离器（简称分光器）连接多个分 支光纤及相应的光网络单元 ONU构成的点到多点结构。
在大量无源光网络的安置和部署后， 需要考虑该网络的运行和维护， 特 别是光纤线路的检测和故障的定位。 为了降低运行和维修成本， 运营商希望 在 OLT处用一个光程检测设备 (例如， 光时域反射仪 ( Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, OTDR )来检测整个无源光网络的主干和分支光纤， 如果一个 分支光纤出现故障， 希望在不影响其它分支光纤的业务的情况下， 能迅速发 现故障和对故障进行定位以及维修。
在局方 OLT处用一个 OTDR来检测这种点到多点网络时，主干光纤的信 号一般都不会有问题， 但分支光纤的信号都将会遇到以下两个问题。 一、 如果部分分支光纤到分光器的距离大致相等时， OTDR不能分辨到 底是哪个分支光纤的信号， 除非使用高分辨率的 OTDR。 但现在所能提供的 最高分辨率为 2米。
二、 如果分光器的分光比例很大， 这时分支光纤的瑞利反射信号经过分 光器时将有很大的损耗， 等它到达 OTDR的探测器时， 信号已经淹没在噪声 中了。
例如： 对于 1:32分光比的 10公里 ODN, 分光器的损耗是 3*5+3=18 dB, 而 10公里光纤损耗是 0.40*10 = 4.0 dB。 一般 OTDR设备的最大动态范围是 40 dB 左右。 如光程检测的信号经过分光器到达分支光纤的末端然后全反射 (即不计反射损耗）经过分光器到达 OTDR仪。 如果不计其它损耗（如连接 损耗等） ， 其总光程损耗将达到 2*18+2*4.0 = 44 dB。 这已经超出 OTDR设 备的工作动态范围， 因此分支光纤的信号已淹没在噪声中。 这说明传统用在 局方的 OTDR设备是不能测量大分光比的 ODN的分支光纤的故障。 这种现 象比较普及， 在实际铺设的 PON 网络中由于种种原因甚至对很小分光比的 PON, 用普通的 OTDR仪器也不能看到分支光纤的反射信号。
现有的补救办法是在所有的 ONU前加一个光滤波器，该滤波器透射所有 的小于 1625nm的光， 但反射 1625nm以上的 OTDR的光， 见图 2所示。 釆用 光滤波器后， 端口反射的光可以增加 6 dB。 配上高分辨 OTDR设备， 这样可 以根据有没有反射光来确定分支光纤是否有故障， 但是还是不能确定分支光 纤故障发生的确切位置。 如果有部分分支光纤长度基本相等， 反射的光其本 重叠， 即使是高分辨 OTDR设备也不能分辨其中的区别。 更糟糕的是对于大 分光比的 ODN (如： 1:128分光比以上） ， 滤波器带来的增益有可能还远远 不够分光器的损耗， 因此在局方的 OTDR设备将有可能收不到来自分支光纤 的任何信息。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种无源光网络光纤故障检测的*** 及方法， 用以解决在局方用一个 OTDR设备就可以检测和定位任何一支分支 光纤的故障。 为了解决上述技术问题， 提供了一种无源光网络光纤故障检测的***， 包括： 光时域反射仪 (OTDR)设备、 波分复用耦合器、 波长选择耦合器、 分支 光纤选择器以及与分光器和分支光纤相连的波长选择路由器， 其中， 所述波 分复用耦合器与所述 OTDR设备和光线路终端 （OLT )相连， 并通过主干光 纤与所述波长选择耦合器相连； 所述波长选择耦合器与所述分光器和所述分 支光纤选择器相连； 所述分支光纤选择器与所述波长选择耦合器及每个所述 波长选择路由器相连； 每个所述波长选择路由器还分别与相应的分支光纤连 接， 通过所述分支光纤与光网络单元相连， 其中，
所述 OTDR设备设置为： 向所述波分复用耦合器发出光程检测信号； 根 据收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号， 分析所述反射信号是否异常来 确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是否存在故障；
所述波分复用耦合器设置为： 将所述光程检测信号导入到主干光纤上； 从主干光纤上分离出所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号， 传给所述 OTDR设 备；
所述波长选择耦合器设置为： 从主干光纤上分离出所述光程检测信号， 传给所述分支光纤选择器； 将收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号导回 到主干光纤上；
所述分支光纤选择器设置为： 将所述光程检测信号传送给预先接通的波 长选择路由器； 将收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号传送到所述预先 接通的波长选择耦合器；
所述波长选择路由器设置为：将所述光程检测信号传给相应的分支光纤， 然后从所述分支光纤的上行信号中分离出所述光程检测信号对应的反射信 号， 将所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号传到分支光纤选择器。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点：
所述 OTDR设备还设置为： 在向所述波分复用耦合器发出光程检测信号 之前或者在检测结束后， 向所述波分复用耦合器发出针对某个分支光纤进行 检测的指令信号， 所述指令信号通过所述波分复用耦合器和所述波长选择耦 合器传到所述分支光纤选择器， 所述分支光纤选择器还设置为： 接收到所述指令信号后， 根据所述指令 信号接通或断开所述波长选择路由器。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点： 所述分支光纤选择器包括： 无源光 模块、 光开关控制器和 1 X N的光开关， 其中：
所述无源光模块包括光环行器模块和分光模块，所述光环行器模块包括： 输入接口、 输出接口、 第一进出接口和第二进出接口， 从所述输入接口进入 的光信号从所述第一进出接口输出， 从所述第一进出接口进入的光信号从所 述第二进出接口输出， 从所述第二进出接口的光信号从所述输出接口输出； 所述分光模块包括： 共用接口、 第一分光接口和第二分光接口， 从所述共用 接口进入的光信号被分为两束光信号后， 分别从所述第一分光接口和所述第 二分光接口输出；
所述光环行器模块的输出接口与所述分光模块的共用接口连接， 所述第 一分光接口与所述光环行器模块的输入接口连接， 所述第二分光接口与所述 光开关控制器连接， 所述光开关控制器与所述光开关连接； 所述波长选择耦 合器与所述第一进出接口连接， 所述第二进出接口与所述光开关的通用口连 接， 所述光开关的 N个分支口与相应的波长选择路由器连接，
所述光开关控制器设置为： 若检测到所述针对某个分支光纤进行检测的 指令， 以及向所述光开关发出相关的控制指令；
所述光开关设置为： 根据所述控制指令接通或断开所述光开关的通用口 与所述指令指定的分支光纤对应的分支口的光通路。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点：
所述光环行器模块为四接口的光环行器， 或者
所述光环行器模块由两个三接口的光环行器组成。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点： 所述光开关控制器包括光接收器和 光开关控制模块，
所述光接收器设置为： 将接收到的光信号转变为电信号后， 传给所述光 开关控制模块；
所述光开关控制模块设置为： 接收到所述电信号后， 若判断所述电信号 为监控指令信号， 则向所述光开关发出相关的控制指令。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点： 所述分光模块设置为： 将从所述共 用接口进入的光信号分为第一光功率的光信号和第二光功率的光信号， 所述 第一光功率的光信号从所述第一分光接口输出， 所述第二光功率的光信号从 所述第二分光接口输出。
优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点：
所述波分复用耦合器为第一滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述 OTDR设备连接，允许非 OTDR波长的光信号输 入或输出的端口与所述 OLT连接， 共用端口与主干光纤连接；
所述波长选择耦合器为第二滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分支光纤选择器连接， 允许非 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分光器连接， 共用端口与主干光纤连接；
所述波长选择路由器为第三滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分支光纤选择器连接， 允许非 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分光器连接， 共用端口与相应的分支光纤连接。
所述的第一， 第二和第三滤波器从物理特性上看， 可以是同一种器件。 优选地， 上述***还具有下面特点：
所述波分复用耦合器还设置为： 将所述 OLT的下行信号导入所述主干光 纤； 从所述主干光纤上分离出上行信号， 传给所述 OLT;
所述波长选择耦合器还设置为：从所述主干光纤上分离出所述下行信号， 传给所述分光器； 用于将收到的所述上行信号导回到所述主干光纤上；
所述分光器设置为： 将所述下行信号传给各个所述波长选择路由器； 将 各个所述波长选择路由器传来的上行信号输出给所述波长选择耦合器；
所述波长选择路由器还设置为： 将所述下行信号传给相应的分支光纤， 然后将所述分支光纤的上行信号传给所述分光器。
为了解决上述问题， 本发明还提供了一种无源光网络光纤故障检测的方 法， 基于上述的***进行检测， 包括： OTDR设备发出针对某个分支光纤进行检测的指令， 分支光纤选择器接 收到所述指令后， 连通所述指令指定的分支光纤的光通路；
OTDR设备发出光程检测信号后， 根据接收到的所述光程检测信号对应 的反射信号， 分析所述反射信号是否异常来确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是 否存在故障。
优选地， 上述方法还具有下面特点：
所述 OTDR设备检测结束后， 发出结束检测指令；
分支光纤选择器接收到所述结束检测指令后，断开该指令指定的光通路。 优选地， 所述光程检测信号的波长选择避开上下行的业务波长。
优选地， 上述方法还具有下面特点： 所述光程检测信号的波长为 1625nm 至 1675匪之间。
综上所述， 本发明实施例提供一种检测无源光网络光纤故障的***及方 法， 可以监视、 检测以及定位无源光网络的主干和所有的分支光纤的故障， 而且通过选择 OTDR监控信号来选择与其对应的分支光纤进行检测， 这样就 避免了长度相等分支光纤的信号重叠， 不能区分的问题。 同时让 OTDR的探 测信号和反射信号均绕过分光器回到主干光纤， 这样分光器的损耗与光程检 测信号无关， 保证了 OTDR仪对分支光纤的检测能力和精度。 附图概述
图 1为现有的无源光网络的结构示意图；
图 2是现有光程检测无源光网络***的结构示意图；
图 3是本发明光程检测无源光网络***的结构示意图；
图 4是本发明波分复用耦合器的结构示意图；
图 5为本发明波长选择耦合器的结构示意图；
图 6为本发明波长选择路由器的结构示意图；
图 7为本发明分支光纤选择器实施例一的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明分支光纤选择器实施例二的结构示意图； 本发明的较佳实施方式
参见图 3 , 本发明实施例的检测无源光网络光纤故障的***包括： 可发 监控指令的 OTDR设备、 波分复用耦合器、 波长选择耦合器、 分支光纤选择 器以及一个以上与分光器相连的波长选择路由器。 其中， 波分复用耦合器与 OTDR设备以及光线路终端 OLT相连，通过主干光纤与波长选择耦合器相连； 波长选择耦合器与分光器以及分支光纤选择器相连； 分支光纤选择器与每个 波长选择路由器相连； 每个波长选择路由器分别通过相应的分支光纤与光网 络单元相连。 分光器与每个波长选择路由器相连。
可发监控指令的 OTDR设备， 用于向波分复用耦合器发射针对某个相应 分支光纤进行检测的指令（例如， 发射针对光开关的相关指令） ， 以及随后 发出光程检测的信号； 并根据分析收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号 是否异常来确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是否存在故障。
这里简单叙述一下指令信号与光程检测信号的区别， 光程检测的信号是 一个单脉冲的光信号， 而指令信号是由 8个光脉冲组成的一个字节八个比特 的信号， 因此光电接收器很容易把它们区分开来； 同时 OTDR本身清楚什么 时候发指令信号， 什么时候发光程检测信号， 其只分析收到所述光程检测的 反射信号， 对其是否异常来确定主干光纤和相应分支光纤是否存在故障。
这里， 如果反射信号是菲涅尔反射信号或者瑞利反射信号有突变， 可以 确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤存在故障， 如果是连续瑞利反射信号， 可以确 定主干光纤或相应分支光纤没有出现故障。
波分复用耦合器， 用于将收到所有的 OTDR信号和光线路终端的下行信 号导入到主干光纤上， 以及将主干光纤上分离出来的光程检测反射信号传到 OTDR设备上， 并将分离出的上行信号传给光线路终端 OLT。
波长选择耦合器， 用于从主干光纤的下行光中分离出 OTDR信号， 并将 其传给分支光纤选择器， 其余的下行光传给分光器； 以及将收到的来自分支 光纤选择器的光程检测的反射信号导回到主干光纤上， 同时将通过分光器的 上行信号传送到主干光纤上。
分支光纤选择器， 用于根据 OTDR信号中的指令接通与其相连的波长选 择路由器， 并将来自波长选择耦合器的光程检测信号通过光开关连通的光路 传送到相应的波长选择路由器上， 以及把来自波长选择路由器的分支光纤的 光程检测反射信号送到波长选择耦合器；
分支光纤选择器可以包括无源导光模块、光接收器和给光开关控制芯片 , 具体地， 分支光纤选择器用于将来自波长选择耦合器的 OTDR信号通过无源 导光模块， 分一部分的光到监控的光接收器（PD )上， PD将接收到的光信 号变为电信号传给光开关控制芯片 （Chip ) , 光开关控制芯片将根据所收到 的信号进行判断， 如果是监控指令信号， 将根据要求对光开关发出相关的指 令， 光开关接受相关指令执行相关动作， 如： 光开关连接波长选择耦合器与 相关的波长选择路由器之间的通路； 如果不是监控指令信号， 即光程检测信 号， 那控制器将无作为， 但光程检测信号将通过光开关连通的光路， 到达相 应的波长选择路由器， 然后进入分支光纤， 而光程检测反射信号也将经沿该 光路返回主干光纤。
波长选择路由器， 用于将来自分光器的下行信号传给所有的分支光纤； 以及将来自分支光纤选择器的光程检测信号传给相应的分支光纤； 然后从分 支光纤的上行信号中分离出光程检测反射信号传到分支光纤选择器， 以及将 其余分离出的上行信号传给分光器。
其中， 所述波分复用耦合器位于局方 OLT处， 目的在于不影响正常业务 时， 将 OTDR信号导入和导出。 参见图 4所示， 波分复用耦合器可以由一个 薄膜滤波器组成， 或也可以由宽带滤波器组成。 该薄膜滤波器对 1625nm ( OTDR的波长的范围为 1625nm至 1675nm,是符合国际电讯联盟 ITU-T L.66 的标准） 以上的光均反射， 如 R端口 [允许 1625nm以上 （ OTDR波长） 的光 信号输入或输出] , 但对小于 1625nm (非 OTDR波长 ) 的光均透射， 如 P端 口 （允许小于 1625nm的光信号输入或输出 )。 其的连接如下， P端口与 OLT 相连， C端口与主干光纤相连， R端口与 OTDR的设备相连。 该薄膜滤波器 用于将 OTDR设备输出的 OTDR信号导入到主干光纤上，并将 OTDR反射信 号传到 OTDR设备， 同时保持 OLT与 ONU的正常上下行通讯往来。 在本发明实施例中， 在分光器的入口处可以设置一个波长选择耦合器， 参见图 5所示， 所述波长选择耦合器可以由一个薄膜滤波器（TFF )组成， 或 也可以由宽带滤波器组成。 该薄膜滤波器对 1625nm (或 OTDR的波长）以上 的光均反射， 如 R端口， 但对小于 1625nm (非 OTDR波长） 的光均透射， 如 P端口。 其连接如下， P端口与分光器相连， C端口与主干光纤相连， R 端口与分支光纤选择器相连。 该薄膜滤波器用于将 OTDR信号导入到分支光 纤选择器上，并将分支光纤的 OTDR反射信号导回主干光纤上，同时保持 OLT 与 ONU的正常上下行通讯往来。
在光分配网络 ODN的分光器旁有一个分支光纤选择器，分支光纤选择器 是个有源器件。 参见图 7或图 8所示， 分支光纤选择器可是由三部分组成。
第一部分是无源导光模块， 如图 7所示， 由一个四接口的光环行器及一 个分光器组成： 四接口的光环行器有四个接口， 其中接口 1是输入接口， 即 光只进不出， 从接口 1进来的光， 只能从接口 2输出； 接口 2是进出接口， 从接口 2进来的光， 只能从接口 3输出； 接口 3是进出接口， 从接口 3进来 的光， 只能从接口 4输出； 接口 4是输出接口， 即光只出不进， 只有接口 3 的光才能从接口 4输出； 分光器是一个光功率分配器， 即 Splitter, 其将光功 率按一定比例从不同的接口输出， 是一个双向器件。 在图 7中使用的分光器 有三个接口， 其 C接口为通用口， 接口 1为第一分光接口， 从 C接口分出的 光大部分（例如 90% )从接口 1输出； 接口 2为第二分光接口， 从 C接口分 出的光小部分（例如 10% )从接口 1输出， 分光的比例可由用户才艮据实际情 况进行调整； 其连接如图 7所示， 光环行器的接口 3与波长选择耦合器相连， 其接口 2与光开关的通用接口连接， 而接口 1与分光器的第一接口相连， 接 口 4与分光器的通用接口相连， 分光器的第二接口与光开关控制器的光接收 器相连。
图 8是无源导光模块另一实施例， 其是由两个三接口的光环行器来代替 四接口的光环行器， 三接口的光环行器的接口 1是输入接口， 光只进不出； 三接口的光环行器的接口 2是进出接口， 从接口 1进的光从接口 2出， 以及 从接口 2进的光从接口 3出； 三接口的光环行器的接口 3是输出接口， 光只 出不进； 有了这个特性， 第一光环行器的接口 3与第二光环行器的接口 1相 连后组成了相当于四接口的光环行器， 其第二光环行器的接口 3相当于四接 口光环行器的接口 4; 其第二光环行器的接口 2相当于四接口光环行器的接 口 3; 其第一光环行器的接口 2相当于四接口光环行器的接口 2; 其第一光环 行器的接口 1相当于四接口光环行器的接口 1 ; 其他的连接及功能与图 7— 致。
第二部分是光开关控制器， 由两个部分组成， 一个是光电转换器 (PD),其 主要作用是接受 OLT处的 OTDR对光开关的指令，然后把接受到的光信号转 为电信号传给光开关控制芯片 （即控制器） ， 控制器根据指令的要求对光开 关进行相关操作。
更进一步的是， 指令***可分为四个工作状态：
状态一： 开启光开关的电源， 主要原因是为了节约能源， 平时光开关处 于无电源关闭状态， 控制器接到指令后， 开启光开关电源， 使光开关处于预 热和接受命令的状态；
状态二： 接通某个分支光纤的光路， 控制器根据指令要求光开关接通某 个支路， 光开关根据要求进行操作；
状态三： 断开连接的光路， 控制器根据指令要求光开关断开某个支路， 光开关根据要求进行操作；
状态四： 关闭光开关的电源， 其主要原因是为了节约能源， 控制器接到 指令后， 关闭光开关电源， 使整个分支光纤选择器处于待电的状态， 即只有 光开关控制器有少量供电。
在整个指令操作过程中， 状态二和状态三可重复， 因为在测试过程中， 可能不止测试一个分支光纤， 可能需要检测几个， 或全部。 操作过程可总结 为如下步骤， 状态一到状态二到状态三到状态二到状态三 ... ...直到状态四。
其连接如图 7所示， 光接收器与分光器的第二接口相连， 其电的部分通 过电线与光开关控制芯片相连， 光开关控制芯片与光开关的电的部分相连， 以开启或关闭光开关的电源以及根据指令指挥光开关进行相关连接。
第三部分是 ΙχΝ的光开关， 其中 N是由分支光纤的数目确定， 其主要作 用是为波长选择耦合器与选定的波长选择路由器搭一个光通路， 使得光程检 测信号通过该通道到达分支光纤， 以及分支光纤的光程检测反射信号也能通 过该通路返回主干光纤； 其线路连接如图 7或图 8所示， 光开关的通用口与 光环行器的接口 2相连， 其 1到 N个分支口与相应的分支光纤的波长选择路 由器相连， 一旦连接成功， 分支光纤被光开关进行了标识， 这表明选择不同 的分支口，相应地选择了不同的分支光纤。这些标识信息将被 OLT,或 OTDR 所储存， 有了这些信息后， 如要检测某个分支光纤， 只要指令光开关联通与 分支光纤相应的分支口与通用口之间的光路即可。 光开关电的部分与光开关 控制器相连， 其工作状态将由光开关控制器决定。
在分光器的每一个分支光纤前连一个波长选择路由器， 该分光器可以是 等功率的分光器件， 参见图 6所示， 波长选择路由器可以由一个薄膜滤波器 ( TFF )组成。该薄膜滤波器对 1625nm ( OTDR的波长）以上的光均反射 (如 R端口） ， 但对 1625匪以下 （非 OTDR波长） 的光均透射（如 P端口） 。 其连接如下， P端口与分光器相连， C端口与分支光纤相连， R端口与分支光 纤选择器相连。 该薄膜滤波器用于将来自分支光纤选择器上的光程检测信号 导入到分支光纤上， 并将分支光纤的光程检测反射信号导回分支光纤选择器 上， 只有被选定的波长选择路由器才能对以上光程检测信号以及光程检测反 射信号进行导光， 同时保持 OLT与 ONU的正常上下行通讯往来， 不被选定 的波长选择路由器， 只有 OLT与 ONU的正常上下行通讯往来。
本发明实施例通过以上一系列辅助光功能模块组成的光程检测***,可 以在局方用一个可发指令的 OTDR设备， 来智能地快速地检测和定位主干光 纤和任何一支分支光纤的故障。 而且通过 l x N 的光开关来选择与其相关的 分支光纤， 这样就避免了长度相等分支光纤的信号重叠， 不能区分。 同时让 分支光纤的光程检测信号和光程检测反射信号均绕过分光器回到主干光纤， 这样就避免了分光器对光程检测信号的衰减， 保证了 OTDR仪能够接收到分 支光纤的光程检测反射信号。 其中， OTDR的波长一般只要避开上下行业务 波长即可， 根据 ITU-T L.66通常该波长选择在 1625nm到 1675nm之间 , 而 非 OTDR波长一般指上下行业务波长， 也包括视频信号波长。
通过本发明实施例的***， 能非常有效地帮助运营商快速发现故障的位 置， 这将大大缩短维修的时间， 降低维护成本。 特别是某个分支光纤发生故 障时， 运营商可以在不影响其他分支光纤的正常业务时， 对该支光纤进行快 速地检测和故障定位， 以及进行维修。 这些都将大大降低运营商的运行和维 护成本。
以下结合附图和优选实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细地阐述。 以下 例举的实施例仅仅用于说明和解释本发明， 而不构成对本发明技术方案的限 制。
为了实现智能地检测无源光网络的光纤***， 首先对无源光网络做一些 改造， 增加一些无源的光功能模块。 按照图 3的要求， 在 OLT处增加了一个 波分复用耦合器， 其主要功能是把 OTDR设备连接在主干光纤上， 使得光程 检测信号能进入无源光网络***， 相应的反射信号能通过网络传到 OTDR的 探测器上。
在分光器前***波长选择耦合器， 它的主要功能是把 OTDR的信号从主 干光纤中分离出来传给分支光纤选择器， 以及把分支光纤的光程检测反射信 号传回主干光纤， 同时保证上下行信号的正常通讯。
在分光器后每个分支光纤前***波长选择路由器， 其主要功能是把来自 分支光纤选择器上的光程检测信号导入到分支光纤上， 以及把分支光纤的光 程检测反射信号从上行信号中分离出来传到分支光纤选择器上， 同时保证上 下行通讯正常运行。
在分光器旁放上分支光纤选择器， 见图 7或图 8所示， 其一端与波长选 择耦合器相连， 另一端与每个波长选择路由器相连， 主要功能是根据 OTDR 的指令连通光开关的通用口和分支口。
当所有这些模块按图 3连接以后， OTDR的设备就能智能地测试整个无 源光网络***。 下面对整个光程检测流程进行说明。 包括下面步骤：
S10、 OTDR设备发出针对某个分支光纤进行检测的指令， 分支光纤选择 器接收到所述指令后， 连通所述指令指定的分支光纤的光通路；
当无源光网络需要检测时， 首先在局方把 OTDR的设备连在波分复用耦 合器上， 然后针对一个所需测量分支光纤， 由 OTDR仪用 OTDR波长的光向 分支光纤选择器发出开启光开关的指令， 然后等几秒后， 再发出接通所需测 量分支光纤的指令。
S20、 OTDR设备发出光程检测信号后，根据接收到的所述光程检测信号 对应的反射信号， 分析所述反射信号是否异常来确定相应分支光纤是否存在 故障。
当光开关执行指令后， OTDR仪就可发出光程检测信号， 通过与 OTDR 仪连接的波分复用耦合器的 R接口被耦合进主干光纤进行传输， 其反射信号 将原路返回到 OTDR仪上， 如果主干光纤有任何故障， 其反常信号将很快被 OTDR仪发现， 并且能迅速定位。 如主干光纤没有问题， 检测信号将一直传 输到波长选择耦合器的 C接口， 然后被分离出来从 R接口输出到分支光纤选 择器的环行器的接口。
如图 7所示的分支光纤选择器， 若该光环行器是四接口光环行器， 则该 接口是光环行器的接口 3 ,然后出光环行器的接口 4,进入分光器的通用接口， 其小部分的光从分光器的第二接口出， 进入光开关控制器的光接收器， 光开 关控制芯片判断这是光程检测信号后， 然后无作为； 而其大部分的光从分光 器的第一接口出， 进入光环行器的接口 1 , 从光环行器的接口 2出； 到达 ΙχΝ 光开关的通用口， 从与光开关连通的分支口出， 进入与光开关相连的波长选 择路由器的 R接口， 接着从波长选择路由器的 C接口输出到与其相连的分支 光纤， 经传输到达与其相连的 ONU。
分支光纤的光程检测反射信号原路返回， 通过波长选择路由器的 R接口 到 C接口， 到达分支光纤选择器的光开关的分支口， 从光开关的通用口出， 如图 7所示， 进入光环行器的接口 2, 从光环行器的接口 3 出之后进入与光 环行器相连的波长选择耦合器的 R接口， 再从 C接口出， 进入主干光纤， 经 主干光纤的传输到达波分复用耦合器的 C接口， 然后被分离从其 R接口输出 返回到 OTDR仪上，所以每次 OTDR仪上将展示一个主干光纤加一个分支光 纤的反射信号。
分支光纤选择器也可以由图 8的两个三接口的光环行器组成， 其中唯一 的区别是用两个三接口的环行器来代替四接口的环行器， 即第二光环行器的 接口 2相当于四接口环行器的接口 3; 第一光环行器的接口 2相当于四接口 环行器的接口 2; 第二光环行器的接口 3相当于四接口环行器的接口 4; 第一 光环行器的接口 1相当于四接口环行器的接口 1 ; 同时第一光环行器的接口 3 与第二光环行器的接口 1相连， 其他的连接与图 7相同。 光在这里传输与前 面的描述一致， 将不在一一重复。
如果要检测其它的分支光纤， 则重复以上的步骤， 即由 OTDR仪发出断 开该通路的指令， 然后等几秒后发出连接新的分支光纤的指令， 然后发出新 的光程检测信号， OTDR仪将根据收到的光程检测反射信号是否异常即可判 断其是否有故障以及对故障进行定位。 重复以上的步骤一直到测量结束。
进一步地， S30、 检测结束后， OTDR设备发出检测结束指令， 分支光纤 选择器接收到所述指令后， 断开该指令指定的光通路， 以及关闭光开关电源。
当检测结束后， OTDR的设备用 OTDR波长的光向分支光纤选择器发出 断开光通路的指令， 然后等几秒后， 再发出关闭光开关电源的指令， 使得分 支光纤选择器回复到原来的待电的状态。
现在来看在检测过程中 OLT与 ONU之间的通讯， 见图 3。 首先是下行 光链路， OLT发出下行的光， 经过波分复用耦合器的透射， 见图 4, 穿过主 干光纤到达波长选择耦合器， 见图 5, 然后透过滤波器到达分光器， 经过分 光器的分光到达每个波长选择路由器， 见图 6, 穿过波长选择路由器的滤波 片到达每个分支光纤， 然后通过分支光纤到达相应的 ONU。
上行光链路是由 ONU发出的上行光， 穿过分支光纤到达波长选择路由 器， 见图 6, 首先透过波长选择路由器的滤波片到达分光器， 穿过分光器到 达波长选择耦合器， 见图 5 , 透过波长选择耦合器到达主干光纤， 穿过主干 光纤到达波分复用耦合器， 见图 4, 透过波分复用耦合器到达 OLT处。 在整 个传输过程中 OTDR的信号以及反射信号没有对下行和上行光链路有任何干 扰。
在整个光程检测从开始到关闭的过程中， 无源光网络的 OLT与 ONU之 间的通讯始终保持畅通， 也就是它们的业务没有中断。 如果有一个分支光纤 发生故障， 在局方用 OTDR进行检测和故障定位， 以及后继的修复及恢复正 常工作状态过程中， 其他分支光纤的用户将不会有所感知。 这将大大降低了 运营商的维修的成本。
发明的精神和范围。 这样， 倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要 求及其等同技术的范围之内， 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
工业实用性 本发明实施例提供一种检测无源光网络光纤故障的***及方法， 可以监 视、 检测以及定位无源光网络的主干和所有的分支光纤的故障， 而且通过选 择 OTDR监控信号来选择与其对应的分支光纤进行检测， 这样就避免了长度 相等分支光纤的信号重叠， 不能区分的问题。 同时让 OTDR的探测信号和反 射信号均绕过分光器回到主干光纤，这样分光器的损耗与光程检测信号无关， 保证了 OTDR仪对分支光纤的检测能力和精度。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种无源光网络光纤故障检测的***， 包括： 光时域反射仪 (OTDR) 设备、 波分复用耦合器、 波长选择耦合器、 分支光纤选择器以及与分光器和 分支光纤相连的波长选择路由器， 其中， 所述波分复用耦合器与所述 OTDR 设备和光线路终端 （OLT )相连， 并通过主干光纤与所述波长选择耦合器相 连； 所述波长选择耦合器与所述分光器和所述分支光纤选择器相连； 所述分 支光纤选择器与所述波长选择耦合器及每个所述波长选择路由器相连； 每个 所述波长选择路由器还分别与相应的分支光纤连接， 通过所述分支光纤与光 网络单元相连， 其中，
所述 OTDR设备设置为： 向所述波分复用耦合器发出光程检测信号； 根 据收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号， 分析所述反射信号是否异常来 确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是否存在故障；
所述波分复用耦合器设置为： 将所述光程检测信号导入到主干光纤上； 从主干光纤上分离出所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号， 传给所述 OTDR设 备；
所述波长选择耦合器设置为： 从主干光纤上分离出所述光程检测信号， 传给所述分支光纤选择器； 将收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号导回 到主干光纤上；
所述分支光纤选择器设置为： 将所述光程检测信号传送给预先接通的波 长选择路由器； 将收到的所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号传送到所述预先 接通的波长选择耦合器；
所述波长选择路由器设置为：将所述光程检测信号传给相应的分支光纤， 然后从所述分支光纤的上行信号中分离出所述光程检测信号对应的反射信 号， 将所述光程检测信号对应的反射信号传到分支光纤选择器。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的***， 其中，
所述 OTDR设备还设置为： 在向所述波分复用耦合器发出光程检测信号 之前或者在检测结束后， 向所述波分复用耦合器发出针对某个分支光纤进行 检测的指令信号， 所述指令信号通过所述波分复用耦合器和所述波长选择耦 合器传到所述分支光纤选择器，
所述分支光纤选择器还设置为： 接收到所述指令信号后， 根据所述指令 信号接通或断开所述波长选择路由器。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的***， 其中， 所述分支光纤选择器包括： 无源光 模块、 光开关控制器和 l x N的光开关， 其中：
所述无源光模块包括光环行器模块和分光模块，所述光环行器模块包括： 输入接口、 输出接口、 第一进出接口和第二进出接口， 从所述输入接口进入 的光信号从所述第一进出接口输出， 从所述第一进出接口进入的光信号从所 述第二进出接口输出， 从所述第二进出接口的光信号从所述输出接口输出； 所述分光模块包括： 共用接口、 第一分光接口和第二分光接口， 从所述共用 接口进入的光信号被分为两束光信号后， 分别从所述第一分光接口和所述第 二分光接口输出；
所述光环行器模块的输出接口与所述分光模块的共用接口连接， 所述第 一分光接口与所述光环行器模块的输入接口连接， 所述第二分光接口与所述 光开关控制器连接， 所述光开关控制器与所述光开关连接； 所述波长选择耦 合器与所述第一进出接口连接， 所述第二进出接口与所述光开关的通用口连 接， 所述光开关的 N个分支口与相应的波长选择路由器连接，
所述光开关控制器设置为： 若检测到所述针对某个分支光纤进行检测的 指令， 以及向所述光开关发出相关的控制指令；
所述光开关设置为： 根据所述控制指令接通或断开所述光开关的通用口 与所述指令指定的分支光纤对应的分支口的光通路。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的***， 其中，
所述光环行器模块为四接口的光环行器， 或者
所述光环行器模块由两个三接口的光环行器组成。
5、 如权利要求 3所述的***， 其中， 所述光开关控制器包括光接收器和 光开关控制模块，
所述光接收器设置为： 将接收到的光信号转变为电信号后， 传给所述光 开关控制模块； 所述光开关控制模块设置为： 接收到所述电信号后， 若判断所述电信号 为监控指令信号， 则向所述光开关发出相关的控制指令。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的***， 其中，
所述分光模块设置为： 将从所述共用接口进入的光信号分为第一光功率 的光信号和第二光功率的光信号， 所述第一光功率的光信号从所述第一分光 接口输出， 所述第二光功率的光信号从所述第二分光接口输出。
7、 如权利要求 1-6任一项所述的***， 其中，
所述波分复用耦合器为第一滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述 OTDR设备连接，允许非 OTDR波长的光信号输 入或输出的端口与所述 OLT连接， 共用端口与主干光纤连接；
所述波长选择耦合器为第二滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分支光纤选择器连接， 允许非 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分光器连接， 共用端口与主干光纤连接；
所述波长选择路由器为第三滤波器， 其设置为： 允许 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分支光纤选择器连接， 允许非 OTDR波长的光信 号输入或输出的端口与所述分光器连接， 共用端口与相应的分支光纤连接。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的***， 其中，
所述波分复用耦合器还设置为： 将所述 OLT的下行信号导入所述主干光 纤； 从所述主干光纤上分离出上行信号， 传给所述 OLT;
所述波长选择耦合器还设置为：从所述主干光纤上分离出所述下行信号， 传给所述分光器； 将收到的所述上行信号导回到所述主干光纤上；
所述分光器设置为： 将所述下行信号传给各个所述波长选择路由器； 将 各个所述波长选择路由器传来的上行信号输出给所述波长选择耦合器；
所述波长选择路由器还设置为： 将所述下行信号传给相应的分支光纤， 然后将所述分支光纤的上行信号传给所述分光器。
9、 一种无源光网络光纤故障检测的方法， 基于权利要求 1-8任一项所述 的***进行检测， 包括： OTDR设备发出针对某个分支光纤进行检测的指令， 分支光纤选择器接 收到所述指令后， 连通所述指令指定的分支光纤的光通路；
OTDR设备发出光程检测信号后， 根据接收到的所述光程检测信号对应 的反射信号， 分析所述反射信号是否异常来确定主干光纤或相应分支光纤是 否存在故障。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法， 其中，
所述 OTDR设备检测结束后， 发出结束检测指令；
分支光纤选择器接收到所述结束检测指令后，断开该指令指定的光通路。
11、 如权利要求 9或 10所述的方法， 其中，
所述光程检测信号的波长选择避开上下行的业务波长。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的方法， 其中，
所述光程检测信号的波长为 1625nm至 1675nm之间。
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