WO2012059887A1 - Watch comprising an astronomic indication - Google Patents

Watch comprising an astronomic indication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012059887A1
WO2012059887A1 PCT/IB2011/054912 IB2011054912W WO2012059887A1 WO 2012059887 A1 WO2012059887 A1 WO 2012059887A1 IB 2011054912 W IB2011054912 W IB 2011054912W WO 2012059887 A1 WO2012059887 A1 WO 2012059887A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
daily
sun
solar
watch
cam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/054912
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Horvath
Original Assignee
Jean-Pierre Horvath
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jean-Pierre Horvath filed Critical Jean-Pierre Horvath
Publication of WO2012059887A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012059887A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04BMECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/26Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like
    • G04B19/262Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like with indicators for astrological informations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a watch comprising at least one astronomical indication.
  • Watch means a timepiece of a size small enough to be worn on the body as opposed to large timepieces such as astronomical clocks.
  • Patent CH 688 171 discloses an additional astronomical representation mechanism for a timepiece comprising a first device intended to provide a representation of the appearance of the moon as a function of time at a predetermined geographical location, combined with a second device intended to produce a visualization of the movement of the moon's convolution and a representation of the celestial vault animated by a movement of rotation.
  • the patent CH 658 763 describes a mechanism providing a representation of the starry sky and to inform on the position of the main bodies and on certain astronomical phenomena.
  • the patent CH690516 describes a watch offering a representation of the race of the sun which allows to know the times of sunrise and sunset. This mechanism, however, gives no indication of the daily solar variation and does not indicate the height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
  • the clocks and watches which comprise a mechanism of astronomical representation described in the state of the art ignore the elements that govern the seasons and in particular the position of the sun.
  • these mechanisms provide indications concerning the stars that depend on the location of the observation and it is not possible to modify them.
  • These timepieces are therefore intended for reading information in a specific place and are erroneous in the rest of the world. This implies knowing the situation of the wearer and building a movement specifically for this place.
  • a first object of the invention is to create a watch indicating the solar declination for any day of the year.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a watch that can model the race and indicate anywhere the height of the sun at the meridian taking into account the latitude of the place and the offset of the solar time compared to the legal time.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a watch indicating the solstices and the equinoxes.
  • Another object of the invention is to make sure that the indication of the solar declination, the indication of the solstices, the equinoxes and the maximum height of the sun for one day given automatically to the exact angular position after an indefinite stop movement by simply setting the time of it.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a watch which makes it possible to adjust the latitude of the place as well as the shift of the local legal time with respect to the solar time so that these two parameters can be modified by the wearer. himself.
  • Said means for displaying the daily solar variation may consist of a first analog display comprising a pointer indicating the daily solar variation on a graduated scale.
  • the means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may consist of a second analog display comprising a pointer indicating said height on a graduated scale and / or a device for visualizing the daily trajectory of the sun.
  • the watch may comprise means for setting and displaying the latitude and / or the offset of the legal time with respect to the solar time.
  • the watch may also include an indicator showing the months, the equinoxes and the solstices.
  • the watch may include an astronomical mechanism, said astronomical mechanism comprising a mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination animating said display means of the daily solar declination.
  • Said astronomical mechanism may comprise means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time and a mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian animating said means of display of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
  • Said mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination can comprise a declination cam and first connecting means kinetically linking the declination cam to said means for displaying the daily solar declination.
  • Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may comprise a star of thirty-one and second connecting means kinematically linking the star of thirty-one with said means for indication of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian, means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian comprising a disk having a mark representing the sun.
  • the second connecting means may comprise a second cam which actuates a third cam kinematically connected to a first carriage, said third cam making it possible to move the first carriage in translation in the 6 o'clock ⁇ -> 12 o'clock direction and thus to move the disc comprising a mark representing the sun in the same direction.
  • Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may comprise third connecting means kinematically linking the roadway and the disc having a mark representing the sun and making it possible to turn said disc by one complete revolution. in 24 hours.
  • the third connecting means may comprise a second carriage kinematically linked to the first carriage, said second carriage being able to move in translation in the direction 3 hours ⁇ -> 9 hours.
  • the third connecting means may comprise a plurality of movable bridges.
  • Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may include fourth connecting means kinematically linking the means for adjusting the offset of the legal time with respect to the hour: olaire and the disc comprising a mark representing the body.
  • the astronomical mechanism may include a gear wheel consisting of 4 wheels and a ratio of 1 to 11.78 resulting, from a star of thirty-one performing a complete revolution every thirty-one days, a wheel performing a complete revolution per year carrying the declination cam which actuates the display means of the daily solar declination by means of a probe cooperating with the declination cam under the action of a return spring.
  • the astronomical mechanism may comprise a second declination cam rotating on itself at the same frequency as the first declination cam by virtue of a feeler cooperating with said second cam under the action of a return spring, said feeler in movement a third cam whose movement reproduces the evolution of the solar declination, said third cam being cut to reproduce the variation of height in the sky of the sun.
  • the feeler, the third cam and the return spring can be separate pieces or be joined in one piece.
  • the second declination cam, the feeler, the third cam and the return spring may be dependent on a movable plate that can turn on itself by a predetermined value and rotate by the same value as the plate.
  • the third cam can move a movable member, said movable member moving linearly and returning to its initial position after one year.
  • the plate can rotate on itself through the action of a corrector actuated by the wearer of the watch, this action to display on the dial the modification of the latitude of the place and change the position of the first carriage that moves linearly and returns to its original position after one year.
  • the astronomical mechanism may contain an epicyclic gear between the declination cam and the second cam which oscillates the third cam at the same frequency as the declination cam.
  • the plate can change the position of the satellite door via a piece with two pins.
  • FIG. 1 is a view from above of a watch according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the height of the sun during the transition to the meridian as a function of latitude
  • FIG. 3 is a view from above of the watch without the main dial
  • FIG. 4 is a view from above of the mechanism of the watch without the disc comprising a mark representing the sun, the bottom of the dial and the mobile horizon
  • FIG. 5 is a view from above of the mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination
  • FIG. 6 is a view from above partially showing the mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the declination cam
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
  • this watch movement in its entirety will not be described, but only the functional parts of a mechanism allowing the indication of the daily solar declination, the indication of the solstices and equinoxes, the indication the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian, the representation of the sun's course, the setting and display of the latitude as well as the setting and display of the offset with respect to the solar time.
  • this watch movement may include a perpetual calendar mechanism, but may also include an indication of the date with manual correction or no date indication.
  • the invention uses a watch movement that can be any conventional mechanical movement with automatic or manual winding or electronic quartz type. This watch movement provides the time reference to the watch according to the invention.
  • the watch according to the invention illustrated in Figure 1 consists of a watch case 1, a bezel 2 with a winding member and / or time setting 3 and a bracelet 4.
  • the current time is indicated by the hour hand 5 and the minute hand 6.
  • the dial 7 has indexes 8 and a timer 9.
  • the watch illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises five analog displays and a display device. visualization of the daily trajectory of the sun disposed in a window 10 in the form of a half-moon.
  • the first analog display located at 6 o'clock, consists of the needle 15 and a scale 16, 17 graduated. This display shows the months, seasons, solstices, and equinoxes. Needle 15 takes a ride in a tropical year.
  • the second analog display located at 7 o'clock, allows the value of the daily solar declination to be indicated by means of the needle 22 on the graduated scale 23.
  • the scale is graduated by -23.44 ° for the winter solstice at + 23.44 ° for the summer solstice.
  • the declination of a celestial body is the angle that the direction of the celestial body makes with the celestial equatorial plane (parallel to the terrestrial equatorial plane). In the case of stars this angle varies little; on the other hand, the declination of the Sun varies from day to day except in the vicinity of the solstices.
  • the third analogue display located at 5 o'clock, is used to indicate the latitude of the place on a scale 19 graduated from 0 ° for the equator to 60 ° north latitude and 40 ° south latitude using the needle 18.
  • the latitude of the place can be adjusted by the user as will be explained in the following description.
  • the fourth analog display located at 8 o'clock, makes it possible to indicate the difference between the legal time and the solar time for a certain place by means of the needle 24; the offset value is indicated on the scale 25. This offset can also be set by the user as will be explained in the following description.
  • At 4 o'clock is the fifth analog display whose function is to indicate, for a given day, the maximum height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. This indication, which is made with the needle 20 and the scale 21, depends on the day of the year and the latitude.
  • Figure 2 shows a graph that represents the maximum height reached by the sun as a function of day and latitude. The time of the passage to the zenith is regulated by the celestial mechanics and is dissociated from the legal hour. Consequently, for a given place, a star like the sun will not necessarily be at the zenith at noon.
  • the watch according to the invention furthermore comprises a device for visualizing the daily trajectory performed by the sun in the sky which consists of an opening 10 of the dial which makes it possible to see a disc 13 which has a circular mark 14 representing the sun and which make a turn in twenty-four hours.
  • a piece 12 represents the horizon and a bottom dial 11 masks the movement.
  • the disc 13 can move as well in the direction 12 hours ⁇ -> 6 hours, simulating the variation in height of the sun, as in the direction 9 hours ⁇ -> 3 hours .
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view of an astronomical mechanism allowing the indication of the declination day, the indication of the solstices and equinoxes, the indication of the maximum daily height of the sun during the transition to the meridian, the modification and display of the latitude as well as the modification and display of the offset with respect to solar time.
  • the astronomical mechanism includes a mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination and a mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. It is seen in Figure 3, the disc 13, which may be the same color as the main dial and / or the bottom or be made of transparent material, having a circular mark 14 representing the sun.
  • the piece 12 which represents the horizon is placed above, its function is to hide the sun's footprint in certain positions of the mechanism and thus make the animation more realistic.
  • the bottom dial 11 is placed below. Its function is to hide the movement by reproducing the appearance of the main dial.
  • the horizon is secured to a carriage 125 (shown in Figure 5) whose function is described later in the description of the operation of the mechanism.
  • the description of the astronomical mechanism will be in the following order: the mechanism of indication of the daily solar variation which animates the first and the first the second analog display and the mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian that animates the first and fifth analog display and the display device of the daily path of the sun.
  • This last mechanism includes means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time.
  • Figure 5 shows the mechanism of indication of the daily solar declination and part of the mechanism of indication of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
  • the watch movement therefore comprises at least one star of thirty-one performing a thirty-first complete revolution per day, however other technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art, whose function is to obtain a change of position every twenty -four hours.
  • the needle 15 which indicates the days, the months, the seasons the solstices and the equinoxes will make a turn on itself in a tropical year. For that, if we consider the tropical year which corresponds to 365, 242 190 517 days, ie 365 days 5 h 48 min 45,2606 seconds, according to the measurement carried out by the French astronomer Pierre Bretagnon, the star of thirty-one 101 performs
  • the pinion 102 which comprises twenty teeth is engaged with a wheel of sixty two teeth 103 integral with a pinion of fifteen teeth 104.
  • This pinion 104 meshes with the wheel of fifty seven teeth 105.
  • On the axis of the wheel 105 is climb the needle 15 which gives the indication of the day of the year.
  • the following description relates to the part of the mechanism that controls the display of the daily solar declination.
  • the wheel 105 drives the cam 106 coupled to its axis, the cam 106 being cut to reproduce the evolution of the solar declination.
  • the lever 107 is in contact with the cam 106, thanks to the action of the part 107b which acts as a spring, and drives the wheel 108 which is secured to the needle 22 which indicates the variation of the daily solar declination on the scale 23 visible on the dial.
  • the tooth ratio between the wheel 108 and the toothed portion of the lever 107 is 1 ⁇ 2 to restrict the range of movement of the lever. This also makes it possible to produce a cam whose size is compatible with a construction to be contained in a watch.
  • the indication of the declination can be achieved through a rotation or a translation, the skilled person will choose one or the other of the two possibilities according to the technical requirements concerning him. In the embodiment described, the choice is a rotation.
  • the needle 22 oscillates from -23.44 ° to + 23.44 ° reproducing faithfully the evolution of the solar declination.
  • the needle 22 indicates 0 ° at the equinoxes of spring and autumn, + 23.44 ° at the summer solstice and -23.44 ° at the winter solstice.
  • Figure 7 illustrates some of the peculiarities of the shape of the cam 106.
  • the cam thus rotates by tropical year.
  • the point 106 represents the 1st day of the year, January 1, 106b point represents the spring equinox, which usually falls on the 20th or 21st of March, the 106c point represents the summer solstice falls generally on June 21st, point 106d represents the autumnal equinox, which usually falls on September 22 or 23, and point 106e represents the winter solstice, which usually falls on December 21 or 22.
  • the points on the cam that correspond to the equinox of spring and fall are at an equal distance from the center of rotation.
  • the point on the cam corresponding to the summer solstice is, according to the chosen construction, the highest point or the lowest point of the cam: the point on the cam corresponding to the winter solstice is, according to the construction, the lowest point if the point corresponding to the summer solstice is the highest and vice versa.
  • the cam is formed so that the portion of the lever 107 which is in contact with it is opposite the point 106a on 1 January. After about 78.44 days, it will face the point of the cam corresponding to the spring equinox. After 92.75 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the summer solstice. After 93.66 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the autumnal equinox. After 89.86 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the winter solstice.
  • the cam 106 thus makes it possible to animate the second analog display comprising the hand 22 and to indicate day by day the daily solar variation.
  • This mechanism also comprises the means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time.
  • the wheel 105 which rotates by tropical year drives the wheel of ten teeth 109 which drives the mobile constituted by the wheels of 20 teeth 110 and 10 teeth 111.
  • the wheel 111 sets in motion the ring of fifty-seven teeth 112 which is located on the same axis as the wheel 105 but rotates freely on this axis.
  • the ring 112 and the wheel 105 share the same number of teeth, so the whole of the gear train 109, 110, 111 and 112 divides by two the speed of rotation of the crown 112 which is half a turn per tropical year.
  • the ring 112 contains an internal toothing of forty teeth which is the ring gear of an epicyclic gear train.
  • the ring gear 112 transmits the torque to the sun gear of twenty teeth 116 via the satellite of ten teeth 113 which is integral with the planet carrier 115.
  • the sun gear 116 makes one turn per tropical year.
  • the sun gear 116 drives the wheel of twenty teeth 117 whose pivot point rests on the plate 118.
  • the plate 118 can pivot on itself by driving in its rotational movement the wheel 117 and the cams 119 and 120. Part of the plate is a gear sector which corresponds to about one third of a wheel of sixty teeth .
  • the rotation of the plate 118 is controlled by the wheel of thirty teeth 121 which is held in position by the star of seventy two teeth 122 which it is secured and which is held in position by the jumper 123.
  • the return spring corrector 124 is not shown in the figure for the sake of simplification. The correction of the latitude is possible in this situation in steps of 5 °.
  • the inclination of the plate 118 is therefore half of that indicated on the dial.
  • the cam 120 controls the carriage 125 via the finger 127.
  • the movement of the carriage 125 is restricted to the direction 6h - 12h by the screw 134 (shown in FIG. 8) and by grooves which are not shown on the plate of the movement .
  • a change in the value of the latitude has the effect of pivoting the plate 118, however the cam 119 must maintain the same relative orientation with respect to the cam 120 which corresponds to a given day. It is therefore necessary to correct the action of the rotation of the wheel 117 which pivots around the wheel 116. This correction is made by moving the satellite door 115 by an angular value allowing the wheel 116 to rotate of the same value but reverse. Thus, the relative orientation of the cam portion 119 relative to the cam 120 will remain the same.
  • the plate 118 has a groove, in this groove is housed the pin 131 integral with the connecting piece 132.
  • a second pin 133 drives the satellite door 115 which pivots freely on the axis of the wheel 105. This mechanism allows the modification the latitude and orientation of the cam 120 without changing the value of the declination of the day.
  • a kinematic connection is made.
  • the plate 118 rotates 30 °
  • the wheel 117 pivots on itself by 60 °
  • the size ratios and the size of the different organs are chosen to obtain the most favorable system, the most efficient, the easiest to produce and operate.
  • the carriage 125 has a groove perpendicular to the direction of movement, in which the carriage 126 rests, the latter is thus driven in the direction 6 hours / 12 hours. His freedom of movement is thus limited to the direction 3 hours / 9 hours.
  • a pin 128 is fixed on the carriage 125, it is in contact between the teeth of a fork 129 which drives the needle 20 to indicate the height of the sun during the transition to the meridian.
  • the description below relates to the part of the mechanism that drives the disk 13 having a mark 14 representing the sun and which also makes it possible to adjust the offset with respect to the solar time.
  • This part of the mechanism is illustrated more precisely in FIG.
  • the pavement with ten teeth 203 makes a turn in 60 minutes. It is the PTO for the 40-tooth hour wheel 202 through the drive train consisting of the forty-five-tooth timer wheel 204 and the fifteen-tooth timer gear 205.
  • the pavement 203 is also the PTO for the sun disk 13 through a second kinematic chain which contains the mobile composed of the wheel 60 teeth 206, which has the distinction of being two-level and contains a internal star of twenty-four teeth.
  • This internal star drives a spring piece 207 with three arms which serve as a jumper and which is coupled to a correction star of thirty-six teeth 208 and a pinion of fourteen teeth 209; the function of this mobile is the modification of the offset of the solar time, which will be described later.
  • the pinion 209 drives the wheel of fifty-six teeth 210 which makes a turn in twenty-four hours.
  • the kinematic chain continues with a cascade of gears driven by the wheel 210, the latter drives the pinion of fourteen teeth 213 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 214 and continues with the pinion of fourteen teeth 215 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 216, followed by the pinion of fourteen teeth 217 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 218 in contact with the pinion of fourteen teeth 219 and ends with one meshing of the ring of fifty-six teeth 220.
  • the wheel 210 and the ring 220 having the same number of teeth combined with the fact that the number of intermediate gears is odd, these wheels perform a turn in twenty-four hours in the same direction, that is to say the clockwise direction.
  • the pinions 213 and 214 rest on a bridge 211 which pivots about the axis of the wheel 210.
  • the pinions 215, 216 and 217 rest on a bridge 212 which connects the bridge 211 and the carriage 126, the pinions 218 and 219 and the ring 220 resting on the carriage 126 .
  • crank pin 221 On the wheel 210 is fixed a crank pin 221 which is in contact with a groove on the carriage 126.
  • the rotation of the wheel 210 in twenty-four hours is transformed into a linear movement back and forth of the carriage which makes a round trip in twenty-four hours.
  • the crankpin's position At six o'clock in the morning, the crankpin's position is nine o'clock, at noon, the crankpin's position is twelve o'clock, at eighteen o'clock the crankpin's position is three o'clock, and at midnight the crankpin's position is six o'clock.
  • the carriage finds its modified position as follows: at six o'clock in the morning, the position of the carriage is shifted in the direction nine o'clock, at noon, there is no longer any offset, the offset will resume and find its maximum point in the direction three o'clock to eighteen o'clock. At midnight, the offset is zero as at noon.
  • This movement of the carriage has the purpose of transforming the apparent course of the sun's disc into a more natural elliptical movement and, above all, more in conformity with reality in place of a simple rotation.
  • the center distance between the wheel 210, resting on the plate of the movement, and the pinion 218 resting on the carriage 126 which moves continuously under the action of the crankpin 221 and the cam 120 which controls the carriage 125 by the intermediate finger 127 is variable.
  • This inter-axis problem is solved by the bridges 211 and 212 which are mobile, the carriage 126 modifying its position under the action of the crankpin 221, once a day during the modification of the value of the declination, and on request of the watch wearer a change of latitude, this because the carriage 126 rests on the carriage 125 whose position depends on the date and latitude.
  • connection between the bridge 212 and the carriage 126 is concentric with the axis of the pinion 218, thus the carriage modifies the position of the bridge 212.
  • the connection between the bridge 211 and the bridge 212 is concentric with the axis of the pinion 214 and the bridge 211 pivots about the axis of the wheel 210.
  • Each shift of the carriage causes the gear 213 to advance or delay, which transmits it to the other sprockets of the driveline and compensates for the offset that the crown would have suffered. 220 without this mechanism.
  • the bridges have several levels because the height of the wheel 210 and that of the ring 220 are different. On the ring 220 is fixed the disk 13 which has a circular mark 14 representing the sun, the assembly performs a turn in twenty-four hours.
  • the corrector 222 is actuated to advance the solar time or the corrector 223 to set back the solar time.
  • the return spring 224 returns the correctors to the initial position, the pins 225 and 226 limit the stroke of the correctors.
  • the action on one of the correctors makes it possible to modify the position of the correction star 208 of which the spring 207 and the pinion 209 are integral.
  • the correction star 208 will drive the spring 207 which will forward or backward a tooth of the inner star of the wheel 206 and thus change the orientation of the pinion 209 and, through the kinematic chain which connects to the ring 220, the angular position of the sun on the dial.
  • Wheel 206 goes around in six hours, so that the offset of a tooth is fifteen minutes early or late.
  • the correction star 208 has thirty-six teeth and the inner star of the wheel 206 has twenty-four teeth. To offset the spring 207 by one position relative to the inner star of twenty-four teeth, an angular offset of at least 7.5 ° and a maximum of 22.5 ° is required. The number of teeth of the correction star 208 is 1.5 times that of the internal star, which guarantees to find a tooth of the correction star 208 in front of the finger of the corrector.
  • a correction star 208 is preferably chosen, one actuation of which by the end of the lever allows the displacement of the inner star of the wheel 206 by an angle greater than 7.5 degrees (corresponding to one half step of the star internal wheel 206) and less than 22.5 degrees (corresponding to a step and a half of the inner star of the wheel 206) to ensure the movement of a step and a single.
  • Each corrector comprises a second finger (not shown) whose action rotates the correction star 227.
  • the jumper 228 makes it possible to maintain the position of this star outside the correction action.
  • a pinion integral with twelve teeth 229 rotates a wheel of twenty-four teeth 230 which itself drives a second wheel of twenty-four teeth 231.
  • a pin 232 is fixed on the wheel 231 which serves as a crank pin 233 which is connected to a pin 234 which serves as a crank pin on a wheel 235 which controls the position of the needle 24 which indicates the offset between the legal time and solar time.
  • both the analog displays and the solar disk display device can be replaced by digital or digital displays, particularly in the case of quartz watches.
  • the mechanisms of the type of the one described above, which is particularly suitable for a mechanical watch can be replaced by an electronic chip determining the value of the declination, for example by an algorithm, as well as the height of the sun at the zenith from the coordinates of the place where the wearer is.

Abstract

Watch comprising at least one astronomic indication, said watch comprising means (13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23) for displaying the daily solar declination and/or daily height achieved by the sun as it crosses the local meridian. The watch may also comprise means for displaying the months, solstices and equinoxes 15, 16, 17, the time shift between solar time and standard time 24, 25 and the local latitude 18, 19.

Description

Montre comprenant une indication astronomique  Watch with astronomical indication
L'invention concerne une montre comprenant au moins une indication astronomique. The invention relates to a watch comprising at least one astronomical indication.
Par montre, on entend une pièce d'horlogerie de taille suffisamment petite pour être portée sur le corps par opposition aux pièces d'horlogerie de grande taille telles que les horloges astronomiques. Watch means a timepiece of a size small enough to be worn on the body as opposed to large timepieces such as astronomical clocks.
On connaît des pièces d'horlogerie comportant un mécanisme de représentation astronomique, par exemple l'astrarium de Giovanni Dondi . D'autres horloges astronomiques existent comme l'horloge astronomique de la cathédrale de Strasbourg ou la celle de la Tour de l'Horloge à Berne. Toutefois, ces horloges ont été réalisées pour des conditions géographiques locales . There are timepieces with an astronomical representation mechanism, for example Giovanni Dondi's astrarium. Other astronomical clocks exist such as the Astronomical Clock of the Strasbourg Cathedral or the Clock Tower of Berne. However, these clocks were made for local geographical conditions.
Le brevet CH 688 171 décrit un mécanisme additionnel de représentation astronomique pour pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un premier dispositif destiné à fournir une représentation de l'aspect de la lune en fonction du temps à un lieu géographique prédéterminé, combiné à un second dispositif destiné à produire une visualisation du mouvement de circonvolution de la lune et une représentation de la voûte céleste animée d'un mouvement de rotation. Patent CH 688 171 discloses an additional astronomical representation mechanism for a timepiece comprising a first device intended to provide a representation of the appearance of the moon as a function of time at a predetermined geographical location, combined with a second device intended to produce a visualization of the movement of the moon's convolution and a representation of the celestial vault animated by a movement of rotation.
Le brevet CH 658 763 décrit un mécanisme offrant une représentation du ciel étoilé et permettant d'informer sur la position des principaux astres et sur certains phénomènes astronomiques . Le brevet CH690516 décrit une montre offrant une représentation de la course du soleil qui permet de connaître les heures de lever et de coucher du soleil. Ce mécanisme ne donne toutefois aucune indication sur la déclinaison solaire journalière et ne permet pas d'indiquer la hauteur atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien . The patent CH 658 763 describes a mechanism providing a representation of the starry sky and to inform on the position of the main bodies and on certain astronomical phenomena. The patent CH690516 describes a watch offering a representation of the race of the sun which allows to know the times of sunrise and sunset. This mechanism, however, gives no indication of the daily solar variation and does not indicate the height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
Ainsi, les horloges et montres qui comportent un mécanisme de représentation astronomique décrites dans l'état de la technique ignorent les éléments qui régissent les saisons et en particulier la position du soleil. De plus, ces mécanismes fournissent des indications concernant les astres qui dépendent du lieu de l'observation et il n'est pas possible de les modifier. Ces pièces d'horlogerie sont donc destinées à une lecture des informations en un lieu précis et sont erronées dans le reste du monde. Ceci implique qu'il faut connaître la situation du porteur et construire un mouvement spécialement pour ce lieu. Thus, the clocks and watches which comprise a mechanism of astronomical representation described in the state of the art ignore the elements that govern the seasons and in particular the position of the sun. In addition, these mechanisms provide indications concerning the stars that depend on the location of the observation and it is not possible to modify them. These timepieces are therefore intended for reading information in a specific place and are erroneous in the rest of the world. This implies knowing the situation of the wearer and building a movement specifically for this place.
Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients précités. Plus particulièrement, un premier but de l'invention est de créer une montre indiquant la déclinaison solaire pour tout jour de l'année. Un deuxième but de l'invention est de fournir une montre qui permet de modéliser la course et d'indiquer en tout lieu la hauteur du soleil au méridien en tenant compte de la latitude du lieu et du décalage de l'heure solaire par rapport à l'heure légale. Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir une montre indiquant les solstices et les équinoxes . Un autre but de l'invention est de faire en sorte que l'indication de la déclinaison solaire, l'indication des solstices, des équinoxes et de la hauteur maximum du soleil pour un jour donné soient remis automatiquement dans la position angulaire exacte après un arrêt indéterminé du mouvement par simple mise à l'heure de celui-ci. Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir une montre qui permet de régler la latitude du lieu ainsi que le décalage de l'heure légale locale par rapport à l'heure solaire de telle sorte que ces deux paramètres puissent être modifiés par le porteur lui- même . Ces buts sont atteints en fournissant une montre du type défini d'entrée, ladite montre comprenant des moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière et/ou de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. The object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. More particularly, a first object of the invention is to create a watch indicating the solar declination for any day of the year. A second object of the invention is to provide a watch that can model the race and indicate anywhere the height of the sun at the meridian taking into account the latitude of the place and the offset of the solar time compared to the legal time. Another object of the invention is to provide a watch indicating the solstices and the equinoxes. Another object of the invention is to make sure that the indication of the solar declination, the indication of the solstices, the equinoxes and the maximum height of the sun for one day given automatically to the exact angular position after an indefinite stop movement by simply setting the time of it. Another object of the invention is to provide a watch which makes it possible to adjust the latitude of the place as well as the shift of the local legal time with respect to the solar time so that these two parameters can be modified by the wearer. himself. These objects are achieved by providing a watch of the defined type of input, said watch comprising means for displaying the daily solar declination and / or the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
Lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière peuvent consister en un premier affichage analogique comprenant une aiguille indiquant la déclinaison solaire journalière sur une échelle graduée. Said means for displaying the daily solar variation may consist of a first analog display comprising a pointer indicating the daily solar variation on a graduated scale.
Les moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien peuvent consister en un deuxième affichage analogique comprenant une aiguille indiquant ladite hauteur sur une échelle graduée et/ou un dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne du soleil . The means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may consist of a second analog display comprising a pointer indicating said height on a graduated scale and / or a device for visualizing the daily trajectory of the sun.
La montre peut comprendre des moyens de réglage et d'affichage de la latitude et/ou du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire. The watch may comprise means for setting and displaying the latitude and / or the offset of the legal time with respect to the solar time.
La montre peut comprendre aussi un indicateur montrant les mois, les équinoxes et les solstices. La montre peut comprendre un mécanisme astronomique, ledit mécanisme astronomique comprenant un mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière animant lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière. The watch may also include an indicator showing the months, the equinoxes and the solstices. The watch may include an astronomical mechanism, said astronomical mechanism comprising a mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination animating said display means of the daily solar declination.
Ledit mécanisme astronomique peut comprendre des moyens de réglage de la latitude et du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire et un mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien animant lesdits moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien . Ledit mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière peut comprendre une came de déclinaison et des premiers moyens de liaison liant cinématiquement la came de déclinaison auxdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière. Said astronomical mechanism may comprise means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time and a mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian animating said means of display of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. Said mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination can comprise a declination cam and first connecting means kinetically linking the declination cam to said means for displaying the daily solar declination.
Ladite came peut être conformée de telle façon à ce que la déclinaison journalière d indiquée par lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière pour un jour j est donnée par l'équation d = arcsin (0, 3978 x sin (280 + 1,914 x sin (357 + 0,9856 x j) + 0,02 x sin(2*(357 + 0, 9856 x j ) ) + 0, 9856 x j ) ) . Said cam can be shaped so that the daily variation d indicated by said means of displaying the daily solar declination for a day j is given by the equation d = arcsin (0, 3978 x sin (280 + 1.914 x sin (357 + 0.9856 xj) + 0.02 x sin (2 * (357 + 0, 9856 xj)) + 0. 9856 xj)).
Ledit mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien peut comprendre une étoile de trente-et-un et des seconds moyens de liaisons liant cinématiquement l'étoile de trente-et-un avec lesdits moyens d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien, lesdits moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien comprenant un disque comportant une marque représentant le soleil. Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may comprise a star of thirty-one and second connecting means kinematically linking the star of thirty-one with said means for indication of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian, means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian comprising a disk having a mark representing the sun.
Les seconds moyens de liaisons peuvent comprendre une seconde came qui actionne une troisième came liée cinématiquement à un premier chariot, ladite troisième came permettant de déplacer le premier chariot en translation dans la direction 6 heures <-> 12 heures et ainsi de déplacer le disque comportant une marque représentant le soleil dans la même direction. The second connecting means may comprise a second cam which actuates a third cam kinematically connected to a first carriage, said third cam making it possible to move the first carriage in translation in the 6 o'clock <-> 12 o'clock direction and thus to move the disc comprising a mark representing the sun in the same direction.
Ledit mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien peut comprendre des troisièmes moyens de liaison liant cinématiquement la chaussée et le disque comportant une marque représentant le soleil et permettant de faire tourner ledit disque d'un tour complet en 24 heures. Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may comprise third connecting means kinematically linking the roadway and the disc having a mark representing the sun and making it possible to turn said disc by one complete revolution. in 24 hours.
Les troisième moyens de liaison peuvent comprendre un deuxième chariot lié cinématiquement au premier chariot, ledit deuxième chariot pouvarit se déplacer en translation dans la direction 3 heures <-> 9 heures . The third connecting means may comprise a second carriage kinematically linked to the first carriage, said second carriage being able to move in translation in the direction 3 hours <-> 9 hours.
Les troisièmes moyens de liaison peuvent comprendre plusieurs ponts mobiles. The third connecting means may comprise a plurality of movable bridges.
Ledit mécanisme d'indicatioi de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien peut comprendre des quatrièmes moyens de liaison liant cinématiquement les moyens de réglage du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure : olaire et le disque comportant une marque représentant le so^ eil . Le mécanisme astronomique peut comporter un rouage démultiplicateur constitué de 4 roues et d'un rapport de 1 à 11.78 entraînant, à partir d'une étoile de trente-et-un effectuant une révolution complète tous les trente-et-un jours, une roue effectuant une révolution complète par an portant la came de déclinaison qui actionne les moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière au moyen d'un palpeur coopérant avec la came de déclinaison sous l'action d'un ressort de rappel. Said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian may include fourth connecting means kinematically linking the means for adjusting the offset of the legal time with respect to the hour: olaire and the disc comprising a mark representing the body. The astronomical mechanism may include a gear wheel consisting of 4 wheels and a ratio of 1 to 11.78 resulting, from a star of thirty-one performing a complete revolution every thirty-one days, a wheel performing a complete revolution per year carrying the declination cam which actuates the display means of the daily solar declination by means of a probe cooperating with the declination cam under the action of a return spring.
Le mécanisme astronomique peut comprendre une seconde came de déclinaison réalisant une rotation sur elle-même à la même fréquence que la première came de déclinaison grâce à un palpeur coopérant avec ladite seconde came sous l'action d'un ressort de rappel, ledit palpeur mettant en mouvement une troisième came dont le mouvement reproduit l'évolution de la déclinaison solaire, ladite troisième came étant taillé pour permettre de reproduire la variation de hauteur dans le ciel du soleil. The astronomical mechanism may comprise a second declination cam rotating on itself at the same frequency as the first declination cam by virtue of a feeler cooperating with said second cam under the action of a return spring, said feeler in movement a third cam whose movement reproduces the evolution of the solar declination, said third cam being cut to reproduce the variation of height in the sky of the sun.
Le palpeur, la troisième came et le ressort de rappel peuvent être des pièces séparées ou être réunis en une seule pièce . The feeler, the third cam and the return spring can be separate pieces or be joined in one piece.
La seconde came de déclinaison, le palpeur, la troisième came et le ressort de rappel peuvent être dépendants d'une platine mobile pouvant tourner sur elle-même d'une valeur déterminée et pivoter de la même valeur que la platine. The second declination cam, the feeler, the third cam and the return spring may be dependent on a movable plate that can turn on itself by a predetermined value and rotate by the same value as the plate.
La troisième came peut déplacer un organe mobile, ledit organe mobile se déplaçant linéairement et retrouvant sa position initiale après un an. La platine peut pivoter sur elle-même par l'intermédiaire de l'action d'un correcteur actionné par le porteur de la montre, cette action permettant de visualiser sur le cadran la modification de la latitude du lieu et de modifier la position du premier chariot qui se déplace linéairement et retrouve sa position initiale après un an. The third cam can move a movable member, said movable member moving linearly and returning to its initial position after one year. The plate can rotate on itself through the action of a corrector actuated by the wearer of the watch, this action to display on the dial the modification of the latitude of the place and change the position of the first carriage that moves linearly and returns to its original position after one year.
Le mécanisme astronomique peut contenir un engrenage épicycloïdal entre la came de déclinaison et la seconde came qui fait osciller la troisième came à la même fréquence que la came de déclinaison. The astronomical mechanism may contain an epicyclic gear between the declination cam and the second cam which oscillates the third cam at the same frequency as the declination cam.
La platine peut modifier la position du porte satellite par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce comportant deux goupilles. The plate can change the position of the satellite door via a piece with two pins.
Le mécanisme astronomique peut comprendre un maneton qui met en mouvement le deuxième chariot. L'invention sera mieux comprise par l'homme du métier grâce à la description suivante d'un mode d'exécution en relation avec les dessins accompagnants dans lesquels : la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'une montre selon l'invention, The astronomical mechanism may include a crankpin that sets the second carriage in motion. The invention will be better understood by those skilled in the art by virtue of the following description of an embodiment in relation to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a view from above of a watch according to the invention;
la figure 2 est un graphe de la hauteur du soleil lors du passage au méridien en fonction de la latitude, FIG. 2 is a graph of the height of the sun during the transition to the meridian as a function of latitude,
la figure 3 est une vue de dessus de la montre sans le cadran principal, FIG. 3 is a view from above of the watch without the main dial,
la figure 4 est une vue de dessus du mécanisme de la montre sans le disque comprenant une marque représentant le soleil, le fond du cadran et l'horizon mobile, la figure 5 est une vue de dessus du mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière, FIG. 4 is a view from above of the mechanism of the watch without the disc comprising a mark representing the sun, the bottom of the dial and the mobile horizon, FIG. 5 is a view from above of the mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination,
la figure 6 est une vue de dessus montrant partiellement le mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière, FIG. 6 is a view from above partially showing the mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination,
la figure 7 est une vue schématique de la came de déclinaison, FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the declination cam;
la figure 8 est une vue de dessus du mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. Figure 8 is a top view of the mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
Dans la description qui suit, on ne décrira pas le mouvement d'horlogerie dans sa totalité, mais seulement les pièces fonctionnelles d'un mécanisme permettant l'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière, l'indication des solstices et des équinoxes, l'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien, la représentation de la course du soleil, le réglage et l'affichage de la latitude ainsi que le réglage et l'affichage du décalage par rapport à l'heure solaire. De manière traditionnelle, ce mouvement d'horlogerie peut comporter un mécanisme de quantième perpétuel, mais peut également comporter une indication du quantième avec correction manuelle ou aucune indication du quantième. L'invention utilise un mouvement de montre qui peut être tout mouvement classique de type mécanique à remontage automatique ou manuel ou de type électronique à quartz. Ce mouvement de montre fournit la référence temporelle à la montre suivant l'invention. In the description which follows, the watch movement in its entirety will not be described, but only the functional parts of a mechanism allowing the indication of the daily solar declination, the indication of the solstices and equinoxes, the indication the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian, the representation of the sun's course, the setting and display of the latitude as well as the setting and display of the offset with respect to the solar time. In a traditional way, this watch movement may include a perpetual calendar mechanism, but may also include an indication of the date with manual correction or no date indication. The invention uses a watch movement that can be any conventional mechanical movement with automatic or manual winding or electronic quartz type. This watch movement provides the time reference to the watch according to the invention.
La montre selon l'invention illustrée à la figure 1 est constituée d'une boite de montre 1, d'une lunette 2 avec un organe remontoir et/ou de mise à l'heure 3 et d'un bracelet 4. L'heure courante est indiquée par l'aiguille des heures 5 et l'aiguille des minutes 6. Le cadran 7 comporte des index 8 et une minuterie 9. La montre illustrée à la figure 1 comporte cinq affichages analogiques et un dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne du soleil disposé dans un guichet 10 en forme de demi-lune. Le premier affichage analogique, situé à 6 heures, est constitué de l'aiguille 15 et d'une échelle 16, 17 graduée. Cet affichage permet d'indiquer les mois, les saisons, les solstices et les équinoxes. L'aiguille 15 fait un tour en une année tropique. The watch according to the invention illustrated in Figure 1 consists of a watch case 1, a bezel 2 with a winding member and / or time setting 3 and a bracelet 4. The current time is indicated by the hour hand 5 and the minute hand 6. The dial 7 has indexes 8 and a timer 9. The watch illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises five analog displays and a display device. visualization of the daily trajectory of the sun disposed in a window 10 in the form of a half-moon. The first analog display, located at 6 o'clock, consists of the needle 15 and a scale 16, 17 graduated. This display shows the months, seasons, solstices, and equinoxes. Needle 15 takes a ride in a tropical year.
Le deuxième affichage analogique, situé à 7 heures, permet d'indiquer la valeur de la déclinaison solaire journalière au moyen de l'aiguille 22 sur l'échelle graduée 23. L'échelle est graduée de -23.44° pour le solstice d'hiver à +23.44° pour le solstice d'été. La déclinaison d'un astre est l'angle que fait la direction de l'astre avec le plan équatorial céleste (parallèle au plan équatorial terrestre) . Dans le cas des étoiles cet angle varie peu ; par contre, la déclinaison du Soleil varie de jour en jour sauf au voisinage des solstices. The second analog display, located at 7 o'clock, allows the value of the daily solar declination to be indicated by means of the needle 22 on the graduated scale 23. The scale is graduated by -23.44 ° for the winter solstice at + 23.44 ° for the summer solstice. The declination of a celestial body is the angle that the direction of the celestial body makes with the celestial equatorial plane (parallel to the terrestrial equatorial plane). In the case of stars this angle varies little; on the other hand, the declination of the Sun varies from day to day except in the vicinity of the solstices.
Le troisième affichage analogique, situé à 5 heures, permet d'indiquer la latitude du lieu sur une échelle 19 graduée de 0° pour l'équateur à 60° de latitude nord et 40° de latitude sud à l'aide de l'aiguille 18. La latitude du lieu peut être réglée par l'utilisateur comme cela sera expliqué dans la suite de la description. Le quatrième affichage analogique, situé à 8 heures, permet d'indiquer le décalage entre l'heure légale et l'heure solaire pour un certain lieu à l'aide de l'aiguille 24 ; la valeur du décalage est indiquée sur l'échelle 25. Ce décalage peut également être réglé par l'utilisateur comme cela sera expliqué dans la suite de la description. The third analogue display, located at 5 o'clock, is used to indicate the latitude of the place on a scale 19 graduated from 0 ° for the equator to 60 ° north latitude and 40 ° south latitude using the needle 18. The latitude of the place can be adjusted by the user as will be explained in the following description. The fourth analog display, located at 8 o'clock, makes it possible to indicate the difference between the legal time and the solar time for a certain place by means of the needle 24; the offset value is indicated on the scale 25. This offset can also be set by the user as will be explained in the following description.
A 4 heures se situe le cinquième affichage analogique dont la fonction est d'indiquer, pour un jour donné, la hauteur maximale atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. Cette indication, qui est réalisée avec l'aiguille 20 et l'échelle graduée 21, dépend du jour de l'année et de la latitude. La figure 2 montre un graphique qui représente la hauteur maximum atteinte par le soleil en fonction du jour et de la latitude. L'heure du passage au zénith est réglée par la mécanique céleste et est dissociée de l'heure légale. En conséquence, pour un lieu donné, un astre comme le soleil ne sera pas forcément au zénith à midi. La montre selon l'invention comporte de plus un dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne effectuée par le soleil dans le ciel qui consiste en une ouverture 10 du cadran qui permet de voir un disque 13 qui comporte une marque circulaire 14 représentant le soleil et qui réalise un tour en vingt-quatre heures. Une pièce 12 représente l'horizon et un cadran de fond 11 masque le mouvement. Comme cela sera expliqué dans la suite de la description, le disque 13 peut se déplacer aussi bien dans la direction 12 heures <-> 6 heures, simulant ainsi la variation de hauteur du soleil, que dans la direction 9 heures <-> 3 heures. At 4 o'clock is the fifth analog display whose function is to indicate, for a given day, the maximum height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. This indication, which is made with the needle 20 and the scale 21, depends on the day of the year and the latitude. Figure 2 shows a graph that represents the maximum height reached by the sun as a function of day and latitude. The time of the passage to the zenith is regulated by the celestial mechanics and is dissociated from the legal hour. Consequently, for a given place, a star like the sun will not necessarily be at the zenith at noon. The watch according to the invention furthermore comprises a device for visualizing the daily trajectory performed by the sun in the sky which consists of an opening 10 of the dial which makes it possible to see a disc 13 which has a circular mark 14 representing the sun and which make a turn in twenty-four hours. A piece 12 represents the horizon and a bottom dial 11 masks the movement. As will be explained in the following description, the disc 13 can move as well in the direction 12 hours <-> 6 hours, simulating the variation in height of the sun, as in the direction 9 hours <-> 3 hours .
La figure 3 est une vue partielle d'un mécanisme astronomique permettant l'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière, l'indication des solstices et des équinoxes, l'indication de la hauteur journalière maximum du soleil lors du passage au méridien, la modification et l'affichage de la latitude ainsi que la modification et l'affichage du décalage par rapport à l'heure solaire. Le mécanisme astronomique comprend un mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière et un mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. On voit sur la figure 3, le disque 13, qui peut être de la même couleur que le cadran principal et/ou le fond ou être fabriqué en matière transparente, comportant une marque circulaire 14 représentant le soleil. La pièce 12 qui représente l'horizon est placé au dessus, sa fonction est de cacher l'empreinte du soleil dans certaines positions du mécanisme et de rendre ainsi l'animation plus réaliste. Le cadran de fond 11 est placé au-dessous. Sa fonction est de masquer le mouvement en reproduisant l'aspect du cadran principal. L'horizon est solidaire d'un chariot 125 (représenté figure 5) dont la fonction est décrite plus loin dans la description du fonctionnement du mécanisme. FIG. 3 is a partial view of an astronomical mechanism allowing the indication of the declination day, the indication of the solstices and equinoxes, the indication of the maximum daily height of the sun during the transition to the meridian, the modification and display of the latitude as well as the modification and display of the offset with respect to solar time. The astronomical mechanism includes a mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination and a mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. It is seen in Figure 3, the disc 13, which may be the same color as the main dial and / or the bottom or be made of transparent material, having a circular mark 14 representing the sun. The piece 12 which represents the horizon is placed above, its function is to hide the sun's footprint in certain positions of the mechanism and thus make the animation more realistic. The bottom dial 11 is placed below. Its function is to hide the movement by reproducing the appearance of the main dial. The horizon is secured to a carriage 125 (shown in Figure 5) whose function is described later in the description of the operation of the mechanism.
Pour des raisons de clarté, la description du mécanisme astronomique, dont tous les composants sont représentés figure 4, se fera dans l'ordre suivant : on décrira tout d'abord le mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière qui anime le premier et le deuxième affichage analogique puis le mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien qui anime le premier et le cinquième affichage analogique ainsi que le dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne du soleil. Ce dernier mécanisme comprend les moyens permettant de régler la latitude et le décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire. For the sake of clarity, the description of the astronomical mechanism, of which all the components are represented in FIG. 4, will be in the following order: the mechanism of indication of the daily solar variation which animates the first and the first the second analog display and the mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian that animates the first and fifth analog display and the display device of the daily path of the sun. This last mechanism includes means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time.
La figure 5 montre le mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière et une partie du mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. Figure 5 shows the mechanism of indication of the daily solar declination and part of the mechanism of indication of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
Sur la platine 100 sont fixés tous les composants de ce mécanisme dont la prise de force est constituée, pour ce mode d'exécution, par un pignon d'étoile de trente-et-un 102, solidaire d'une étoile de trente-et-un 101. L'étoile de trente-et-un peut faire partie du mouvement d'horlogerie de la montre, d'un quantième perpétuel ou être indépendante de celui-ci. L'étoile de trente-et-un est entraînée de façon usuelle de un trente-et-unième de révolution complète par jour et est maintenue en position par le sautoir 99. Dans ce mode d'exécution, le mouvement d'horlogerie comporte donc au moins une étoile de trente-et-un effectuant un trente et unième de révolution complète par jour, cependant d'autres solutions techniques sont connues de l'homme du métier, dont la fonction est d'obtenir une modification de position toutes les vingt-quatre heures. Au travers d'une chaîne cinématique, l'aiguille 15 qui indique les jours, les mois, les saisons les solstices et les équinoxes va faire un tour sur elle-même en une année tropique . Pour cela, si on considère l'année tropique qui correspond à 365, 242 190 517 jours, soit 365 jours 5 h 48 min 45,2606 secondes, d'après la mesure effectuée par l'astronome français Pierre Bretagnon, l'étoile de trente- et-un 101 effectue On the plate 100 are fixed all the components of this mechanism whose power take-off is constituted, for this embodiment, by a thirty-one star pinion 102, integral with a star of thirty-one. -a 101. The star of thirty-one can be part of the clock movement of the watch, a perpetual calendar or be independent of it. The star of thirty-one is driven in the usual way of a thirty-first complete revolution per day and is held in position by the jumper 99. In this embodiment, the watch movement therefore comprises at least one star of thirty-one performing a thirty-first complete revolution per day, however other technical solutions are known to those skilled in the art, whose function is to obtain a change of position every twenty -four hours. Through a kinematic chain, the needle 15 which indicates the days, the months, the seasons the solstices and the equinoxes will make a turn on itself in a tropical year. For that, if we consider the tropical year which corresponds to 365, 242 190 517 days, ie 365 days 5 h 48 min 45,2606 seconds, according to the measurement carried out by the French astronomer Pierre Bretagnon, the star of thirty-one 101 performs
365,242 190 517 . . ,o nne C t 365.242 190,517. . , o nne C t
n. = - = 1 1 .78200615 tour par an  not. = - = 1 1 .78200615 turn per year
31  31
Le rapport de transmission de cette chaîne sera donc : The transmission ratio of this channel will therefore be:
! =!½- = = 0.084875189 ! = ! ½- = = 0.084875189
1 1 .78200615  1 1 .78200615
pour l'année tropique exacte. for the exact tropical year.
Pour réaliser la chaîne cinématique, la combinaison la plus proche est To realize the driveline, the closest combination is
50 2 x x  50 2 x x
i = 0.084875189 -— =— = 0.08488964  i = 0.084875189 - = - = 0.08488964
589 31 x 19  589 31 x 19
Le rapport de transmission permet de déterminer le nombre de dents des engrenages constituant la chaîne cinématique. i = = = 0.08488964  The transmission ratio makes it possible to determine the number of teeth of the gears constituting the drive train. i = = = 0.08488964
z2 z4 31 x 19 z 2 z 4 31 x 19
Dans cette configuration, l'aiguille 15 fera i = => n2 = n. xi = 1 1 .7820061 5x 0.08488964 = 1 .000170301 tour par an In this configuration, the needle 15 will make i = => n 2 = n. xi = 1 1 .7820061 5x 0.08488964 = 1 .000170301 turn per year
L'erreur générée par ce train d'engrenage est inférieure à 90 minutes par an, ce qui est remarquable avec quatre roues et donc parfaitement économique. Le choix adéquat du nombre de dents de chacune des roues sera un multiple des valeurs précédemment calculées afin d'obtenir des roues ayant des dimensions qui facilitent leurs fabrications. The error generated by this gear is less than 90 minutes per year, which is remarkable with four wheels and therefore perfectly economical. The appropriate choice of the number of teeth of each of the wheels will be a multiple of the values previously calculated to obtain wheels having dimensions that facilitate their manufacture.
Le pignon 102 qui comprend vingt dents est en prise avec une roue de soixante deux dents 103 solidaire d'un pignon de quinze dents 104. Ce pignon 104 engrène avec la roue de cinquante sept dents 105. Sur l'axe de la roue 105 est montée l'aiguille 15 qui donne l'indication du jour de 1 ' année . The pinion 102 which comprises twenty teeth is engaged with a wheel of sixty two teeth 103 integral with a pinion of fifteen teeth 104. This pinion 104 meshes with the wheel of fifty seven teeth 105. On the axis of the wheel 105 is climb the needle 15 which gives the indication of the day of the year.
La description qui suit concerne la partie du mécanisme qui commande l'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière. The following description relates to the part of the mechanism that controls the display of the daily solar declination.
La roue 105 entraine la came 106 accouplée sur son axe, la came 106 étant taillée pour reproduire l'évolution de la déclinaison solaire. Comme cela est représenté à la figure 6, le levier 107 est en contact avec la came 106, grâce à l'action de la partie 107b qui fait office de ressort, et entraine la roue 108 dont est solidaire l'aiguille 22 qui indique la variation de la déclinaison solaire journalière sur l'échelle graduée 23 visible sur le cadran. Le rapport de dent entre la roue 108 et la partie dentée du levier 107 est de ½, afin de restreindre l'amplitude du mouvement du levier. Ceci permet également de réaliser une came dont l'encombrement soit compatible avec une construction devant être contenue dans une montre. L'indication de la déclinaison peut être réalisée grâce à une rotation ou à une translation, l'homme du métier choisira l'une ou l'autre des deux possibilités selon les impératifs techniques le concernant. Dans le mode d'exécution décrit, le choix est une rotation. The wheel 105 drives the cam 106 coupled to its axis, the cam 106 being cut to reproduce the evolution of the solar declination. As shown in FIG. 6, the lever 107 is in contact with the cam 106, thanks to the action of the part 107b which acts as a spring, and drives the wheel 108 which is secured to the needle 22 which indicates the variation of the daily solar declination on the scale 23 visible on the dial. The tooth ratio between the wheel 108 and the toothed portion of the lever 107 is ½ to restrict the range of movement of the lever. This also makes it possible to produce a cam whose size is compatible with a construction to be contained in a watch. The indication of the declination can be achieved through a rotation or a translation, the skilled person will choose one or the other of the two possibilities according to the technical requirements concerning him. In the embodiment described, the choice is a rotation.
L'aiguille 22 oscille donc de -23.44° à +23.44° en reproduisant fidèlement l'évolution de la déclinaison solaire. La came 106 est conformée de telle façon que pour un jour j donné, j représentant le rang du jour dans l'année, la déclinaison d indiquée par l'aiguille 22 solutionne l'équation : d = arcsin (0,3978 x sin (280 + 1,914 x sin (357 + 0,9856 x j) + 0,02 x sin(2*(357 + 0, 9856 x j ) ) + 0, 9856 x j ) ) The needle 22 oscillates from -23.44 ° to + 23.44 ° reproducing faithfully the evolution of the solar declination. The cam 106 is shaped such that for a given day j, representing the rank of the day in the year, the declination d indicated by the needle 22 solves the equation: d = arcsin (0.3978 x sin (280 + 1.914 x sin (357 + 0.9856 xj) + 0.02 x sin (2 * (357 + 0, 9856 xj)) + 0, 9856 xj))
L'aiguille 22 indique 0° lors des équinoxes de printemps et d'automne, + 23.44° lors du solstice d'été et -23.44° lors du solstice d'hiver. The needle 22 indicates 0 ° at the equinoxes of spring and autumn, + 23.44 ° at the summer solstice and -23.44 ° at the winter solstice.
La figure 7 illustre quelques unes des particularités de la forme de la came 106. La came réalise donc une rotation par année tropique. Le point 106a représente le 1er jour de l'année, soit le 1er janvier, le point 106b représente l'équinoxe de printemps qui tombe en général le 20 ou le 21 mars, le point 106c représente le solstice d'été qui tombe en général le 21 juin, le point 106d représente l'équinoxe d'automne qui tombe en général le 22 ou le 23 septembre et le point 106e représente le solstice d'hiver qui tombe en général le 21 ou le 22 décembre. Les points sur la came qui correspondent à l'équinoxe de printemps et d'automne sont à une distance égale du centre de rotation. Le point sur la came qui correspond au solstice d'été est, selon la construction choisie, le point le plus haut ou le plus bas de la came : le point sur la came qui correspond au solstice d'hiver est, selon la construction, le point le plus bas si le point qui correspond au solstice d'été est le plus haut et inversement. Figure 7 illustrates some of the peculiarities of the shape of the cam 106. The cam thus rotates by tropical year. The point 106 represents the 1st day of the year, January 1, 106b point represents the spring equinox, which usually falls on the 20th or 21st of March, the 106c point represents the summer solstice falls generally on June 21st, point 106d represents the autumnal equinox, which usually falls on September 22 or 23, and point 106e represents the winter solstice, which usually falls on December 21 or 22. The points on the cam that correspond to the equinox of spring and fall are at an equal distance from the center of rotation. The point on the cam corresponding to the summer solstice is, according to the chosen construction, the highest point or the lowest point of the cam: the point on the cam corresponding to the winter solstice is, according to the construction, the lowest point if the point corresponding to the summer solstice is the highest and vice versa.
La came est réalisée pour que la partie du levier 107 qui est en contact avec elle se trouve en face du point 106a le 1er janvier. Après environ 78.44 jours, il se trouvera en face du point de la came correspondant à l'équinoxe de printemps. Après 92.75 jours, il se trouvera en face du point de la came correspondant au solstice d'été. Après 93.66 jours, il se trouvera en face du point de la came correspondant à l'équinoxe d'automne. Après 89.86 jours, il se trouvera en face du point de la came correspondant au solstice d'hiver. La came 106 permet donc d'animer le deuxième affichage analogique comprenant l'aiguille 22 et d'indiquer jour après jour la déclinaison solaire journalière. The cam is formed so that the portion of the lever 107 which is in contact with it is opposite the point 106a on 1 January. After about 78.44 days, it will face the point of the cam corresponding to the spring equinox. After 92.75 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the summer solstice. After 93.66 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the autumnal equinox. After 89.86 days, it will be in front of the point of the cam corresponding to the winter solstice. The cam 106 thus makes it possible to animate the second analog display comprising the hand 22 and to indicate day by day the daily solar variation.
La description ci-dessous concerne la partie du mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. Comme décrit précédemment ce mécanisme permet d'animer le troisième affichage analogique indiquant la hauteur du soleil et le dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne du soleil en tenant compte de la hauteur atteinte au méridien. Ce mécanisme comprend également les moyens de réglage de la latitude et du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire. La roue 105 qui effectue une rotation par année tropique entraine la roue de dix dents 109 qui entraine le mobile constitué des roues de 20 dents 110 et de 10 dents 111. La roue 111 met en mouvement la couronne de cinquante-sept dents 112 qui se trouve sur le même axe que la roue 105 mais tourne librement sur cet axe. La couronne 112 et la roue 105 partagent le même nombre de dents, ainsi l'ensemble du train d'engrenages 109, 110, 111 et 112 divise par deux la vitesse de rotation de la couronne 112 qui fait un demi tour par année tropique. The description below concerns the part of the mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian. As described above, this mechanism makes it possible to animate the third analog display indicating the height of the sun and the device for visualizing the daily trajectory of the sun, taking into account the height reached at the meridian. This mechanism also comprises the means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to solar time. The wheel 105 which rotates by tropical year drives the wheel of ten teeth 109 which drives the mobile constituted by the wheels of 20 teeth 110 and 10 teeth 111. The wheel 111 sets in motion the ring of fifty-seven teeth 112 which is located on the same axis as the wheel 105 but rotates freely on this axis. The ring 112 and the wheel 105 share the same number of teeth, so the whole of the gear train 109, 110, 111 and 112 divides by two the speed of rotation of the crown 112 which is half a turn per tropical year.
La couronne 112 contient une denture intérieure de quarante dents qui est la couronne d'un train épicycloïdal . La couronne 112 transmet le couple au planétaire de vingt dents 116 par l'intermédiaire du satellite de dix dents 113 qui est solidaire du porte-satellite 115. Ainsi le planétaire 116 fait un tour par année tropique. Le planétaire 116 entraine la roue de vingt dents 117 dont le point de pivotement repose sur la platine 118. Sur le même axe que la roue 117, il y a une seconde came 119 qui reproduit l'évolution de la déclinaison solaire et qui entraine une troisième came 120 dont la forme permet de reproduire la hauteur maximum du soleil et que le ressort 130 permet de maintenir en contact. The ring 112 contains an internal toothing of forty teeth which is the ring gear of an epicyclic gear train. The ring gear 112 transmits the torque to the sun gear of twenty teeth 116 via the satellite of ten teeth 113 which is integral with the planet carrier 115. Thus the sun gear 116 makes one turn per tropical year. The sun gear 116 drives the wheel of twenty teeth 117 whose pivot point rests on the plate 118. On the same axis as the wheel 117, there is a second cam 119 which reproduces the evolution of the solar declination and which causes a third cam 120 whose shape reproduces the maximum height of the sun and that the spring 130 keeps in contact.
La platine 118 peut pivoter sur elle-même en entraînant dans son mouvement de rotation la roue 117 et les cames 119 et 120. Une partie de la platine est un secteur d'engrenage qui correspond à environ le tiers d'une roue de soixante dents. La rotation de la platine 118 est contrôlée par la roue de trente dents 121 qui est maintenue en position par l'étoile de septante deux dents 122 dont elle est solidaire et qui est maintenue en position par le sautoir 123. Pour modifier la position de la roue 121 et régler ainsi la latitude, on actionne le correcteur 124. Le ressort de rappel du correcteur 124 n'est pas représenté sur la figure par souci de simplification. La correction de la latitude est possible dans cette situation par pas de 5°. L'inclinaison de la platine 118 est donc de moitié de celle indiquée sur le cadran . The plate 118 can pivot on itself by driving in its rotational movement the wheel 117 and the cams 119 and 120. Part of the plate is a gear sector which corresponds to about one third of a wheel of sixty teeth . The rotation of the plate 118 is controlled by the wheel of thirty teeth 121 which is held in position by the star of seventy two teeth 122 which it is secured and which is held in position by the jumper 123. To change the position of the wheel 121 and thus adjust the latitude, it actuates the corrector 124. The return spring corrector 124 is not shown in the figure for the sake of simplification. The correction of the latitude is possible in this situation in steps of 5 °. The inclination of the plate 118 is therefore half of that indicated on the dial.
La came 120 commande le chariot 125 par l'intermédiaire du doigt 127. Le mouvement du chariot 125 est restreint à la direction 6h - 12h par la vis 134 (représentée figure 8) et par des rainures qui ne sont pas représentées sur la platine du mouvement . Une modification de la valeur de la latitude a pour effet de faire pivoter la platine 118, cependant la came 119 doit garder la même orientation relative par rapport à la came 120 qui correspond à un jour donné. Il faut donc corriger l'action de la rotation de la roue 117 qui pivote autour de la roue 116. Cette correction est réalisée en déplaçant le porte satellite 115 d'une valeur angulaire permettant à la roue 116 de tourner de la même valeur mais en sens inverse. Ainsi, l'orientation relative à la partie de came 119 par rapport à la came 120 restera identique. The cam 120 controls the carriage 125 via the finger 127. The movement of the carriage 125 is restricted to the direction 6h - 12h by the screw 134 (shown in FIG. 8) and by grooves which are not shown on the plate of the movement . A change in the value of the latitude has the effect of pivoting the plate 118, however the cam 119 must maintain the same relative orientation with respect to the cam 120 which corresponds to a given day. It is therefore necessary to correct the action of the rotation of the wheel 117 which pivots around the wheel 116. This correction is made by moving the satellite door 115 by an angular value allowing the wheel 116 to rotate of the same value but reverse. Thus, the relative orientation of the cam portion 119 relative to the cam 120 will remain the same.
La platine 118 a une rainure, dans cette rainure vient se loger la goupille 131 solidaire de la pièce de liaison 132. Une seconde goupille 133 entraine le porte satellite 115 qui pivote librement sur l'axe de la roue 105. Ce mécanisme permet la modification de la latitude et l'orientation de la came 120 sans modifier la valeur de la déclinaison du jour. Pour que le porte satellite soit en mesure de pivoter de la valeur calculée par rapport à la platine 118, une liaison cinématique est réalisée. The plate 118 has a groove, in this groove is housed the pin 131 integral with the connecting piece 132. A second pin 133 drives the satellite door 115 which pivots freely on the axis of the wheel 105. This mechanism allows the modification the latitude and orientation of the cam 120 without changing the value of the declination of the day. In order for the satellite gate to be able to pivot from the calculated value with respect to the plate 118, a kinematic connection is made.
Si la platine 118 pivote, la roue 117 est entraînée et tourne autour de la roue 116 qui reste immobile. Lors d'un déplacement angulaire, la roue 117 modifie son orientation et tourne sur elle-même du double de la valeur du décalage angulaire . Le déplacement angulaire pour ce mécanisme sera égal à :
Figure imgf000020_0001
Roue de centre z3 n2
If the plate 118 pivots, the wheel 117 is driven and rotates around the wheel 116 which remains stationary. During an angular displacement, the wheel 117 changes its orientation and turns on itself twice the value of the angular offset. The angular displacement for this mechanism will be equal to:
Figure imgf000020_0001
Center wheel z 3 n 2
Porte satellite z2 nx Satellite door z 2 n x
Couronne Zl  Crown Zl
Si le changement de latitude est de 60°, la platine 118 tourne de 30°, la roue 117 pivote sur elle-même de 60°, il faut donc que le porte satellite pivote de 20° pour que la roue 116 tourne de 60° dans le sens inverse afin de compenser le décalage. If the change of latitude is 60 °, the plate 118 rotates 30 °, the wheel 117 pivots on itself by 60 °, it is necessary that the satellite door pivots by 20 ° so that the wheel 116 rotates 60 ° in the opposite direction to compensate for the offset.
Les rapports de taille et l'encombrement des différents organes sont choisis pour obtenir le système le plus favorable, le plus efficient, le plus facile à produire et faire fonctionner. The size ratios and the size of the different organs are chosen to obtain the most favorable system, the most efficient, the easiest to produce and operate.
Le chariot 125 a une rainure perpendiculaire au sens de déplacement, dans laquelle repose le chariot 126, ce dernier est donc entraîné dans le sens 6 heures / 12 heures. Sa liberté de mouvement est ainsi limité à la direction 3 heures / 9 heures. The carriage 125 has a groove perpendicular to the direction of movement, in which the carriage 126 rests, the latter is thus driven in the direction 6 hours / 12 hours. His freedom of movement is thus limited to the direction 3 hours / 9 hours.
Une goupille 128 est fixée sur le chariot 125, elle est en contact entre les dents d'une fourchette 129 qui entraine l'aiguille 20 afin d'indiquer la hauteur du soleil lors du passage au méridien. A pin 128 is fixed on the carriage 125, it is in contact between the teeth of a fork 129 which drives the needle 20 to indicate the height of the sun during the transition to the meridian.
La description ci-dessous concerne la partie du mécanisme qui entraine le disque 13 comportant une marque 14 représentant le soleil et qui permet également de régler le décalage par rapport à l'heure solaire. Cette partie du mécanisme est illustrée plus précisément sur la figure 8. Au centre de la platine 100, la chaussée comportant dix dents 203 fait un tour en 60 minutes. Elle est la prise de force pour la roue des heures de quarante dents 202 au travers de la chaîne cinématique composée de la roue de minuterie de quarante-cinq dents 204 et du pignon de minuterie de quinze dents 205. The description below relates to the part of the mechanism that drives the disk 13 having a mark 14 representing the sun and which also makes it possible to adjust the offset with respect to the solar time. This part of the mechanism is illustrated more precisely in FIG. In the center of the plate 100, the pavement with ten teeth 203 makes a turn in 60 minutes. It is the PTO for the 40-tooth hour wheel 202 through the drive train consisting of the forty-five-tooth timer wheel 204 and the fifteen-tooth timer gear 205.
La chaussée 203 est également la prise de force pour le disque du soleil 13 au travers d'une seconde chaîne cinématique qui contient le mobile composé de la roue de 60 dents 206, qui a la particularité d'être à deux niveaux et qui contient une étoile interne de vingt-quatre dents. Cette étoile interne entraine une pièce ressort 207 à trois bras qui servent de sautoir et qui est accouplée à une étoile de correction de trente-six dents 208 et un pignon de quatorze dents 209 ; la fonction de ce mobile est la modification du décalage de l'heure solaire, qui sera décrite plus loin. Le pignon 209 entraine la roue de cinquante-six dents 210 qui fait un tour par vingt-quatre heures. The pavement 203 is also the PTO for the sun disk 13 through a second kinematic chain which contains the mobile composed of the wheel 60 teeth 206, which has the distinction of being two-level and contains a internal star of twenty-four teeth. This internal star drives a spring piece 207 with three arms which serve as a jumper and which is coupled to a correction star of thirty-six teeth 208 and a pinion of fourteen teeth 209; the function of this mobile is the modification of the offset of the solar time, which will be described later. The pinion 209 drives the wheel of fifty-six teeth 210 which makes a turn in twenty-four hours.
La chaîne cinématique se poursuit par une cascade de pignons entraînés par la roue 210, cette dernière entraine le pignon de quatorze dents 213 qui engrène le pignon de quinze dents 214 et se poursuit avec le pignon de quatorze dents 215 qui engrène le pignon de quinze dents 216, suivi du pignon de quatorze dents 217 qui engrène le pignon de quinze dents 218 en contact avec le pignon de quatorze dents 219 et se termine par 1 ' engrènement de la couronne de cinquante-six dents 220. La roue 210 et la couronne 220 ayant le même nombre de dents combiné au fait que le nombre de pignons intermédiaire est impair, ces roues effectuent un tour en vingt-quatre heures dans le même sens, c'est-à-dire le sens horaire. Les pignons 213 et 214 reposent sur un pont 211 qui pivote autour de l'axe de la roue 210. Les pignons 215, 216 et 217 reposent sur un pont 212 qui fait la liaison entre le pont 211 et le chariot 126, les pignons 218 et 219 et la couronne 220 reposant sur le chariot 126. The kinematic chain continues with a cascade of gears driven by the wheel 210, the latter drives the pinion of fourteen teeth 213 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 214 and continues with the pinion of fourteen teeth 215 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 216, followed by the pinion of fourteen teeth 217 which meshes the pinion of fifteen teeth 218 in contact with the pinion of fourteen teeth 219 and ends with one meshing of the ring of fifty-six teeth 220. The wheel 210 and the ring 220 having the same number of teeth combined with the fact that the number of intermediate gears is odd, these wheels perform a turn in twenty-four hours in the same direction, that is to say the clockwise direction. The pinions 213 and 214 rest on a bridge 211 which pivots about the axis of the wheel 210. The pinions 215, 216 and 217 rest on a bridge 212 which connects the bridge 211 and the carriage 126, the pinions 218 and 219 and the ring 220 resting on the carriage 126 .
Sur la roue 210 est fixé un maneton 221 qui est en contact avec une rainure sur le chariot 126. La rotation de la roue 210 en vingt-quatre heures est transformé en mouvement linéaire de va et vient du chariot qui fait un aller-retour en vingt-quatre heures. A six heures du matin, la position du maneton est neuf heures, à midi, la position du maneton est douze heures, à dix-huit heures, la position du maneton est trois heures et à minuit, la position du maneton est six heures. Le chariot trouve sa position modifiée comme suit : à six heures du matin, la position du chariot est décalée dans la direction neuf heures, à midi, il n'y a plus de décalage, le décalage va reprendre et trouver son point maximum dans la direction trois heures à dix-huit heures. A minuit, le décalage est nul comme pour midi. Ce mouvement du chariot à pour raison de transformer la course apparente du disque du soleil en un mouvement elliptique plus naturel et surtout plus conforme à la réalité en lieu et place d'une rotation simple. L'entre-axe entre la roue 210, reposant sur la platine du mouvement, et le pignon 218 reposant sur le chariot 126 qui se déplace en continu sous l'action du maneton 221 et de la came 120 qui commande le chariot 125 par l'intermédiaire du doigt 127 est variable. Ce problème d'entre-axe est résolu par les ponts 211 et 212 qui sont mobiles, le chariot 126 modifiant sa position sous l'action du maneton 221, une fois par jour lors de la modification de la valeur de la déclinaison, et sur demande du porteur de la montre lors d'un changement de latitude, ceci parce que le chariot 126 repose sur le chariot 125 dont la position dépend de la date et de la latitude. La liaison entre le pont 212 et le chariot 126 est concentrique à l'axe du pignon 218, ainsi le chariot modifie la position du pont 212. La liaison entre le pont 211 et le pont 212 est concentrique à l'axe du pignon 214 et le pont 211 pivote autour de l'axe de la roue 210. Chaque décalage du chariot fait prendre de l'avance ou du retard au pignon 213 qui le transmet aux autres pignons de la chaîne cinématique et compense le décalage qu'aurait subit la couronne 220 sans ce mécanisme. Les ponts ont plusieurs niveaux car la hauteur de la roue 210 et celle de la couronne 220 sont différentes. Sur la couronne 220 est fixé le disque 13 qui comporte une marque circulaire 14 représentant le soleil, l'ensemble réalise un tour en vingt-quatre heures. On the wheel 210 is fixed a crank pin 221 which is in contact with a groove on the carriage 126. The rotation of the wheel 210 in twenty-four hours is transformed into a linear movement back and forth of the carriage which makes a round trip in twenty-four hours. At six o'clock in the morning, the crankpin's position is nine o'clock, at noon, the crankpin's position is twelve o'clock, at eighteen o'clock the crankpin's position is three o'clock, and at midnight the crankpin's position is six o'clock. The carriage finds its modified position as follows: at six o'clock in the morning, the position of the carriage is shifted in the direction nine o'clock, at noon, there is no longer any offset, the offset will resume and find its maximum point in the direction three o'clock to eighteen o'clock. At midnight, the offset is zero as at noon. This movement of the carriage has the purpose of transforming the apparent course of the sun's disc into a more natural elliptical movement and, above all, more in conformity with reality in place of a simple rotation. The center distance between the wheel 210, resting on the plate of the movement, and the pinion 218 resting on the carriage 126 which moves continuously under the action of the crankpin 221 and the cam 120 which controls the carriage 125 by the intermediate finger 127 is variable. This inter-axis problem is solved by the bridges 211 and 212 which are mobile, the carriage 126 modifying its position under the action of the crankpin 221, once a day during the modification of the value of the declination, and on request of the watch wearer a change of latitude, this because the carriage 126 rests on the carriage 125 whose position depends on the date and latitude. The connection between the bridge 212 and the carriage 126 is concentric with the axis of the pinion 218, thus the carriage modifies the position of the bridge 212. The connection between the bridge 211 and the bridge 212 is concentric with the axis of the pinion 214 and the bridge 211 pivots about the axis of the wheel 210. Each shift of the carriage causes the gear 213 to advance or delay, which transmits it to the other sprockets of the driveline and compensates for the offset that the crown would have suffered. 220 without this mechanism. The bridges have several levels because the height of the wheel 210 and that of the ring 220 are different. On the ring 220 is fixed the disk 13 which has a circular mark 14 representing the sun, the assembly performs a turn in twenty-four hours.
Pour modifier le décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire, on actionne le correcteur 222 pour avancer l'heure solaire ou le correcteur 223 pour reculer l'heure solaire. Le ressort de rappel 224 ramène les correcteurs dans la position initiale, les goupilles 225 et 226 limitent la course des correcteurs. L'action sur un des correcteurs permet de modifier la position de l'étoile de correction 208 dont sont solidaires le ressort 207 et le pignon 209. Pour chaque action sur un correcteur, l'étoile de correction 208 va entraîner le ressort 207 qui va avancer ou reculer d'une dent de l'étoile interne de la roue 206 et donc modifier l'orientation du pignon 209 et, au travers de la chaîne cinématique qui le relie à la couronne 220, la position angulaire du soleil sur le cadran. La roue 206 fait un tour en six heures, ce qui fait que le décalage d'une dent correspond à quinze minutes d'avance ou de retard. To change the offset of the legal time with respect to the solar time, the corrector 222 is actuated to advance the solar time or the corrector 223 to set back the solar time. The return spring 224 returns the correctors to the initial position, the pins 225 and 226 limit the stroke of the correctors. The action on one of the correctors makes it possible to modify the position of the correction star 208 of which the spring 207 and the pinion 209 are integral. For each action on a corrector, the correction star 208 will drive the spring 207 which will forward or backward a tooth of the inner star of the wheel 206 and thus change the orientation of the pinion 209 and, through the kinematic chain which connects to the ring 220, the angular position of the sun on the dial. Wheel 206 goes around in six hours, so that the offset of a tooth is fifteen minutes early or late.
L'étoile de correction 208 a trente-six dents et l'étoile interne de la roue 206 comporte vingt-quatre dents. Pour décaler le ressort 207 d'une position par rapport à l'étoile interne de vingt-quatre dents, il faut un décalage angulaire au minimum de 7.5° et au maximum de 22.5°. Le nombre de dents de l'étoile de correction 208 est de 1,5 fois celui de l'étoile interne, ce qui garantit de trouver une dent de l'étoile de correction 208 en face du doigt du correcteur. The correction star 208 has thirty-six teeth and the inner star of the wheel 206 has twenty-four teeth. To offset the spring 207 by one position relative to the inner star of twenty-four teeth, an angular offset of at least 7.5 ° and a maximum of 22.5 ° is required. The number of teeth of the correction star 208 is 1.5 times that of the internal star, which guarantees to find a tooth of the correction star 208 in front of the finger of the corrector.
L'extrémité de ce levier fait tourner l'étoile de correction 208 dans le sens antihoraire ou horaire ce qui permet d'avancer ou de retarder de quinze minutes le disque du soleil. Enfin, comme le ressort 207 est solidaire de l'étoile de correction 208, chaque manœuvre sur l'un ou l'autre poussoir fera avancer ou reculer le mobile intermédiaire. L'homme du métier comprendra aussi que si l'étoile de correction comporte plus de dents que l'étoile interne de la roue 206 qui en comporte vingt-quatre, c'est pour s'assurer que les sautoirs passent bien d'un entredent à l'autre de l'étoile interne de la roue 206 quand on agit sur l'un des poussoirs. On choisira donc de préférence une étoile de correction 208 dont 1 ' actionnement par l'extrémité du levier permet le déplacement de l'étoile interne de la roue 206 d'un angle supérieur à 7.5 degrés (correspondant à un demi pas de l'étoile interne de la roue 206) et inférieur à 22.5 degrés (correspondant à un pas et demi de l'étoile interne de la roue 206) afin d'assurer le mouvement d'un pas et d'un seul. Chaque correcteur comprend un second doigt (non représenté) dont l'action fait pivoter l'étoile de correction 227. Le sautoir 228 permet de maintenir la position de cette étoile en dehors de l'action de correction. Sur l'étoile de correction 227, un pignon solidaire de douze dents 229 fait tourner une roue de vingt-quatre dents 230 qui elle-même entraine une seconde roue de vingt-quatre dents 231. Une goupille 232 est fixée sur la roue 231 qui sert de maneton à une bielle 233 qui est connecté à une goupille 234 qui sert de maneton sur une roue 235 qui commande la position de l'aiguille 24 qui indique le décalage entre l'heure légale et l'heure solaire. The end of this lever rotates the correction star 208 counterclockwise or hourly which allows to advance or delay fifteen minutes the sun disk. Finally, as the spring 207 is integral with the correction star 208, each maneuver on one or the other push will advance or back the intermediate mobile. Those skilled in the art will also understand that if the correction star has more teeth than the inner star of the wheel 206 which has twenty-four, it is to ensure that the jumpers pass well of an entredent to the other of the inner star of the wheel 206 when one acts on one of the pushers. Therefore, a correction star 208 is preferably chosen, one actuation of which by the end of the lever allows the displacement of the inner star of the wheel 206 by an angle greater than 7.5 degrees (corresponding to one half step of the star internal wheel 206) and less than 22.5 degrees (corresponding to a step and a half of the inner star of the wheel 206) to ensure the movement of a step and a single. Each corrector comprises a second finger (not shown) whose action rotates the correction star 227. The jumper 228 makes it possible to maintain the position of this star outside the correction action. On the correction star 227, a pinion integral with twelve teeth 229 rotates a wheel of twenty-four teeth 230 which itself drives a second wheel of twenty-four teeth 231. A pin 232 is fixed on the wheel 231 which serves as a crank pin 233 which is connected to a pin 234 which serves as a crank pin on a wheel 235 which controls the position of the needle 24 which indicates the offset between the legal time and solar time.
L'homme du métier comprendra qu'aussi bien les affichages analogiques que le dispositif de visualisation du disque solaire peuvent être remplacés par des affichages numériques ou digitaux, en particulier dans le cas des montres à quartz. Dans ce dernier cas, les mécanismes du type de celui décrit ci-dessus, qui convient particulièrement à une montre mécanique, peuvent être remplacés par une puce électronique déterminant la valeur de la déclinaison, par exemple par un algorithme, ainsi que la hauteur du soleil au zénith à partir des coordonnées du lieu ou se trouve le porteur. Those skilled in the art will understand that both the analog displays and the solar disk display device can be replaced by digital or digital displays, particularly in the case of quartz watches. In the latter case, the mechanisms of the type of the one described above, which is particularly suitable for a mechanical watch, can be replaced by an electronic chip determining the value of the declination, for example by an algorithm, as well as the height of the sun at the zenith from the coordinates of the place where the wearer is.

Claims

Revendications : Claims:
Montre comprenant au moins une indication astronomique caractérisée en ce que ladite montre comprend des moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière (22, 23) et/ou de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien (13, 14, 20, 21) . Watch comprising at least one astronomical indication, characterized in that said watch comprises means for displaying the daily solar variation (22, 23) and / or the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian (13, 14, 20, 21).
Montre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière consistent en un premier affichage analogique comprenant une aiguille (22) indiquant la déclinaison solaire journalière sur une échelle (23) graduée . Watch according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for displaying the daily solar declination consist of a first analog display comprising a pointer (22) indicating the daily solar variation on a scale (23) graduated.
Montre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien consistent en un deuxième affichage analogique comprenant une aiguille (20) indiquant ladite hauteur sur une échelle (21) graduée et/ou un dispositif de visualisation de la trajectoire quotidienne du soleil (13, 14). Watch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun when passing through the meridian consist of a second analog display comprising a pointer (20) indicating said height on a scale ( 21) and / or a device for visualizing the daily trajectory of the sun (13, 14).
Montre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de réglage et d'affichage de la latitude (18, 19, 124) et/ou du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire (24, 25, 222, 223) et/ou un indicateur (15, 16, 17) montrant les mois, les équinoxes et les solstices . Montre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite montre comprend un mécanisme astronomique, ledit mécanisme astronomique comprenant un mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière animant lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière. Watch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for setting and displaying the latitude (18, 19, 124) and / or the offset of the legal time with respect to the time solar (24, 25, 222, 223) and / or an indicator (15, 16, 17) showing the months, the equinoxes and the solstices. Watch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said watch comprises an astronomical mechanism, said astronomical mechanism comprising a mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination animating said display means of the daily solar declination.
Montre selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que ledit mécanisme astronomique comprend des moyens de réglage de la latitude et du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire et un mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien animant lesdits moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien. Watch according to claim 5, characterized in that said astronomical mechanism comprises means for adjusting the latitude and offset of the legal time with respect to the solar time and a mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian animating said display means of the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian.
Montre selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que ledit mécanisme d'indication de la déclinaison solaire journalière comprend une came de déclinaison (106) et des premiers moyens de liaison (107, 108) liant cinématiquement la came de déclinaison (106) auxdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière. Watch according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that said mechanism for indicating the daily solar declination comprises a declination cam (106) and first connecting means (107, 108) kinematically linking the declination cam (106) said means for displaying the daily solar declination.
Montre selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que ladite came (106) est conformée de telle façon à ce que la déclinaison journalière d indiquée par lesdits moyens d'affichage de la déclinaison solaire journalière pour un jour j est donnée par l'équation d = arcsin (0,3978 x sin (280 + 1,914 x sin (357 + 0,9856 x j) + 0,02 x sin(2*(357 + 0,9856 x j)) + 0,9856 x j)). Montre selon l'une des revendications 6-8, caractérisée en ce que ledit mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien comprend une étoile de trente-et-un (101) et des seconds moyens de liaisons liant cinématiquement l'étoile de trente-et-un (101) avec lesdits moyens d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien, lesdits moyens d'affichage de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien comprenant un disque (13) comportant une marque représentant le soleil. Watch according to claim 7, characterized in that said cam (106) is shaped in such a way that the daily variation d indicated by said display means of the daily solar variation for a day j is given by the equation d = arcsin (0.3978 x sin (280 + 1.914 x sin (357 + 0.9856 xj) + 0.02 x sin (2 * (357 + 0.9856 xj)) + 0.9856 xj)). Watch according to one of claims 6-8, characterized in that said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian comprises a star of thirty-one (101) and second means of links kinematically linking the thirty-one star (101) with said means for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian, said means for displaying the daily height reached by the sun during the meridian passage comprising a disk (13) having a mark representing the sun.
Montre selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les seconds moyens de liaisons comprennent une seconde came (119) qui actionne une troisième came (120) liée cinématiquement à un premier chariot (125), ladite troisième came (120) permettant de déplacer le premier chariot (125) en translation dans la direction 6 heures <-> 12 heures et ainsi de déplacer le disque (13) comportant une marque représentant le soleil dans la même direction. Watch according to claim 9, characterized in that the second connecting means comprise a second cam (119) which actuates a third cam (120) kinematically connected to a first carriage (125), said third cam (120) making it possible to move the first carriage (125) in translation in the direction 6 hours <-> 12 hours and thus move the disc (13) having a mark representing the sun in the same direction.
Montre selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que ledit mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien comprend des troisièmes moyens de liaison liant cinématiquement la chaussée (203) et le disque (13) comportant une marque représentant le soleil et permettant de faire tourner ledit disque (13) d'un tour complet en 24 heures. Watch according to claim 10, characterized in that said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian comprises third connecting means kinematically connecting the roadway (203) and the disc (13) having a mark representing the sun and rotating said disk (13) a full revolution in 24 hours.
Montre selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que les troisième moyens de liaison comprennent un deuxième chariot (126) lié cinématiquement au premier chariot (125), ledit deuxième chariot pouvant se déplacer en translation dans la direction 3 heures <-> 9 heures. Watch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the third connecting means comprise a second carriage (126) kinematically connected to the first carriage (125), said second carriage being translatable in the 3 o'clock <-> 9 o'clock direction.
Montre selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que les troisièmes moyens de liaison comprennent plusieurs ponts mobiles (211, 212). 14. Montre selon l'une des revendication 9-13, caractérisée en ce que ledit mécanisme d'indication de la hauteur journalière atteinte par le soleil lors du passage au méridien comprend des quatrième moyens de liaison liant cinématiquement les moyens de réglage du décalage de l'heure légale par rapport à l'heure solaire (222, 223) et le disque (13) comportant une marque représentant le soleil . Watch according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the third connecting means comprise a plurality of movable bridges (211, 212). 14. Watch according to one of claims 9-13, characterized in that said mechanism for indicating the daily height reached by the sun during the transition to the meridian comprises fourth connecting means kinematically connecting the means for adjusting the offset of the legal time with respect to the solar time (222, 223) and the disc (13) having a mark representing the sun.
PCT/IB2011/054912 2010-11-04 2011-11-04 Watch comprising an astronomic indication WO2012059887A1 (en)

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WO2016029296A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Mouret Nicolas Mechanism for displaying sunrise and/or sunset times at different latitudes, kit with components for assembling such a mechanism, and corresponding methods of assembly, operation and use
US20180120771A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Blancpain Sa Mechanism for displaying a time period or season

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EP0042360A2 (en) * 1980-06-10 1981-12-23 Spacetronic Société Anonyme Electronic watch, in particular wrist watch, with digital display and geographic-solar functions
FR2504257A1 (en) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-22 Micheletto Renato UNIVERSAL INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF THE SUN AND ITS ROUTE, THE INCLINATION OF MAXIMUM INSOLATION OF A PLAN AND THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE SOLAR TIME AND THE CONVENTIONAL TIME
CH658763GA3 (en) 1985-03-05 1986-12-15
US5023849A (en) * 1988-11-15 1991-06-11 Compagnie Des Montres, Longines, Francillon, S.A. Astronomic timepiece and disc intended for use therein
FR2780796A1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-07 Monts Sa WATCH PROVIDED WITH MEANS TO DEFINE THE LENGTH OF A PLACE
CH690516A5 (en) 1998-11-27 2000-09-29 Patek Philippe Sa Wrist watch with sunrise and sunset times includes two shutters moving over arced window to define range of times for sunlit hours during day

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3316706A (en) * 1964-04-27 1967-05-02 Kilburg Geochran Corp Horological instrument for graphically representing the relative positions of sun and earth
EP0042360A2 (en) * 1980-06-10 1981-12-23 Spacetronic Société Anonyme Electronic watch, in particular wrist watch, with digital display and geographic-solar functions
FR2504257A1 (en) * 1981-04-21 1982-10-22 Micheletto Renato UNIVERSAL INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF THE SUN AND ITS ROUTE, THE INCLINATION OF MAXIMUM INSOLATION OF A PLAN AND THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE SOLAR TIME AND THE CONVENTIONAL TIME
CH658763GA3 (en) 1985-03-05 1986-12-15
US5023849A (en) * 1988-11-15 1991-06-11 Compagnie Des Montres, Longines, Francillon, S.A. Astronomic timepiece and disc intended for use therein
FR2780796A1 (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-01-07 Monts Sa WATCH PROVIDED WITH MEANS TO DEFINE THE LENGTH OF A PLACE
CH690516A5 (en) 1998-11-27 2000-09-29 Patek Philippe Sa Wrist watch with sunrise and sunset times includes two shutters moving over arced window to define range of times for sunlit hours during day

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016029296A1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Mouret Nicolas Mechanism for displaying sunrise and/or sunset times at different latitudes, kit with components for assembling such a mechanism, and corresponding methods of assembly, operation and use
US20180120771A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-03 Blancpain Sa Mechanism for displaying a time period or season
US10613482B2 (en) * 2016-10-27 2020-04-07 Blancpain Sa Mechanism for displaying a time period or season

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CH704080B1 (en) 2016-05-31

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