WO2012056863A1 - Air spring for vehicle and bogie using same - Google Patents

Air spring for vehicle and bogie using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056863A1
WO2012056863A1 PCT/JP2011/073184 JP2011073184W WO2012056863A1 WO 2012056863 A1 WO2012056863 A1 WO 2012056863A1 JP 2011073184 W JP2011073184 W JP 2011073184W WO 2012056863 A1 WO2012056863 A1 WO 2012056863A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stopper
air spring
internal
inner cylinder
vehicle
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Application number
PCT/JP2011/073184
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
浩一 原口
隆之 澤
俊寿 足立
Original Assignee
住友電気工業株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電気工業株式会社 filed Critical 住友電気工業株式会社
Priority to CN201180051686.1A priority Critical patent/CN103180193B/en
Priority to JP2012540753A priority patent/JP5803930B2/en
Publication of WO2012056863A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012056863A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/14—Side bearings
    • B61F5/148—Side bearings between bolsterless bogies and underframes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
    • F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
    • F16F9/05—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type
    • F16F9/052—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type characterised by the bumper

Definitions

  • the present invention is excellent in spring characteristics for an air spring for a vehicle, particularly at the time of inflation (when air is sealed normally) and at the time of deflation (so-called puncture), and can be further reduced in size as compared with conventional products.
  • the present invention relates to an air spring and a carriage using the same.
  • An air spring employed as a suspension for a railway vehicle is installed as a secondary spring between the vehicle carriage and the vehicle body.
  • the air spring of Patent Document 1 has an inner cylinder attached to the carriage side, an outer cylinder attached to the vehicle body side, a diaphragm that is installed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and encloses air, and each has a spring property.
  • the external stopper and the internal stopper those formed of laminated rubber in which rubber layers and reinforcing plates are alternately stacked are frequently used.
  • the external stopper is substantially cylindrical and supports the inner cylinder of an air spring provided with a diaphragm.
  • the internal stopper is installed inside the diaphragm and supports the outer cylinder during deflation. At the time of deflation, the outer cylinder rides on the internal stopper, and the load (vehicle weight) is supported through the internal stopper and the external stopper.
  • the loss of cushion performance due to the diaphragm caused by the deflation is compensated by the spring characteristics of the internal stopper, and the traveling safety of the vehicle and the ride comfort with less discomfort are ensured even during deflation.
  • the air spring having the above structure includes two members, an external stopper and an internal stopper, the height dimension tends to increase.
  • the air spring of Patent Document 1 is provided with a recessed portion that is recessed downward at the center of the inner cylinder, as shown in FIG. 4, and the recessed portion enters the inside of the external stopper.
  • An internal stopper is attached.
  • the external stopper and the internal stopper are partially overlapped in the height direction so that the total height (the overall height dimension) can be shortened.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve both a further reduction in the overall height and securing of good spring characteristics during deflation for an air spring that uses both an external stopper and an internal stopper.
  • a vehicle air spring includes an outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder below the outer cylinder, and a diaphragm disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. And a cylindrical external stopper having a spring characteristic for supporting the inner cylinder, and an internal stopper having a spring characteristic supported by the inner cylinder.
  • the inner cylinder has a lower inclined support wall that overlaps the outer stopper in the height direction inside the outer stopper and supports one end face of the inner stopper, and the other end face of the inner stopper.
  • an air spring for a vehicle further comprising a lower inclined fixed wall facing the inclined support wall with the internal stopper interposed therebetween.
  • the inner cylinder supports the inner stopper with the inclined support wall. Therefore, even if the external stopper is inclined due to a horizontal displacement of the air spring, the interference between the inclined support wall and the outer stopper. And a supporting area of the internal stopper can be secured. By securing the pressure receiving area and volume of the internal stopper, it is possible to appropriately receive the mounting load of the air spring even during deflation. Further, the internal stopper fixed between the inclined support wall and the inclined fixed wall acts as a quasi-shear type stopper, and good spring characteristics can be obtained even during deflation.
  • the internal stopper a quasi-shear type stopper having a thin conical shape that undergoes shear deformation in response to a vehicle amount is used, and one end surface (outer diameter surface) of the quasi-shear type internal stopper is defined as the internal stopper.
  • the other end surface (inner diameter surface) of the internal stopper is fixed to the inclined support wall, respectively.
  • the inner cylinder may include the inclined support wall and a reinforcing wall extending inward (center direction) from the bottom of the inclined support wall.
  • this internal stopper is installed in a range covering almost the entire area of the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the recess.
  • the present invention also provides a carriage in which the above-described air spring of the present invention is installed as a suspension on a carriage frame to which an axle and wheels are attached.
  • a quasi-shear type stopper for an air spring that causes a quasi-shear deformation with a vehicle amount and produces a cushion effect is a well-known cushion material shown in FIG. Since the air spring of the present invention uses the quasi-shear type stopper as the internal stopper, it is not necessary to provide a space for allowing the horizontal elastic deformation of the internal stopper between the peripheral wall of the recess and the internal stopper. Therefore, the internal space of the inner cylinder can be used without waste.
  • the semi-shear type internal stopper has a conical shape that is thinned thinly, the peripheral wall of the recess provided in the inner cylinder is formed into a thin conical shape, and the external stopper is horizontally disposed between the peripheral wall and the external stopper. A downwardly expanding space for allowing directional elastic deformation can be secured.
  • the quasi-shear type internal stopper by adopting the quasi-shear type internal stopper, the regulation of the inclination angle ⁇ of the peripheral wall of the recess is relaxed, and the inclination angle ⁇ can be sufficiently increased. As a result, it becomes possible to increase the allowable amount of horizontal elastic deformation of the external stopper without increasing the distance from the bottom wall of the recess to the bottom plate of the external stopper. It is possible to ensure good spring characteristics.
  • the carriage of the present invention employs an air spring that achieves both a reduction in overall height and securing good spring characteristics during deflation, the requirement for increasing the diameter of the wheel and driving safety during deflation are increased. It can meet the demand and contribute to the speeding up of the vehicle.
  • Sectional drawing which shows one form of the air spring of this invention
  • Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of this invention
  • the side view which shows the outline
  • Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of invention of FIG.
  • Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of invention of FIG.
  • the vehicle air spring 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured by combining an outer cylinder 2, an inner cylinder 3, a diaphragm 4, an external stopper 5, an internal stopper 6 and a pressing plate 7.
  • the outer cylinder 2 is a member in which a support shaft 2 c having an air port 2 b for supplying and exhausting air is provided at the center of an upper surface plate 2 a that covers the upper portion of the diaphragm 4.
  • the outer cylinder 2 is attached to the vehicle body 20.
  • a diaphragm 4 is arranged between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3. Compressed air is introduced into the diaphragm 4 and an air cushion effect is exhibited during inflation.
  • the external stopper 5 is a compression type cushion material that causes compression deformation.
  • the illustrated external stopper 5 is configured by combining a substantially cylindrical laminated rubber 5a in which annular rubber layers 5a- 1 and reinforcing plates 5a- 2 are alternately stacked, and a lower surface plate 5b, and has an air port 5c.
  • the lower surface plate 5b provided so as to hang around the shaft 5d is attached to a vehicle carriage 10.
  • the inner cylinder 3 is fixed to the upper end of the external stopper 5, and the inner cylinder 3 is supported by the external stopper 5.
  • the air ports 2 b and 5 c communicate with a bottom wall 8-2 of a recess 8 provided in the inner cylinder 3 described later and a hole provided in the hollow cone 9.
  • the performance of the external stopper 5 is determined so that the inner cylinder 3 does not ride on the lower surface plate 5b in a state where the maximum assumed load is received.
  • the inner cylinder 3 is provided with a concave portion 8 recessed in the center.
  • the internal stopper 6 is a quasi-shear type cushioning material that causes shear deformation with respect to vertical load (load from above).
  • the internal stopper 6 is set to have a spring constant smaller than that of the external stopper 5. Further, the pressing plate 7 can be held in the floating position during deflation.
  • the illustrated internal stopper 6 is composed of a laminated rubber 6a in which a conical rubber layer 6a- 1 and a conical reinforcing plate 6a- 2 are alternately stacked. As shown in FIG. Or a single rubber lump.
  • the internal stopper 6 is in contact with the outer diameter surface fo inclined in the one forming the bottom tapering conical shape on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess 8.
  • the pressing plate 7 is prevented from moving upward from the position shown in FIG. 1 by a presser 3 a provided on the upper part of the inner cylinder 3. A fixed amount of horizontal relative movement is allowed.
  • the illustrated pressing plate 7 has a low friction coefficient coating layer (not shown) such as fluororesin on the sliding surface with the inner cylinder 3, and in this case, the horizontal relative movement amount is increased. There is no need to secure.
  • a hollow cone 9 concentrically arranged with the concave portion 8 is provided on the central lower surface of the pressing plate 7 so that the outer peripheral surface (inclined fixed wall) of the hollow cone 9 is a load application surface 9a on the surface.
  • the inner surface fi of the internal stopper 6 is bonded.
  • the outer diameter surface fo and the inner diameter surface fi of the inner stopper 6 are bonded only to the upper side and the lower side of the stopper, and the intermediate portion of the inner and outer diameter surfaces in the height direction is connected to the load application surface 9a. in the state of the unbonded respectively the peripheral wall 8 -1. With this configuration, it is possible to easily cause shear deformation due to the vertical load of the internal stopper, but the entire inner and outer diameter surfaces fo and fi may be bonded.
  • the internal stopper 6 allows the concave portion 8 of the inner cylinder 3 to enter the inside of the external stopper 5. Therefore, the internal stopper 6 which is supported by the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess, overlap in the height direction relative to the external stopper 5 in the length range L shown in FIG. 1, compared with no overlap structure Thus, the overall height of the air spring is lowered by the length L.
  • the internal stopper 6 is preliminarily compressed by being moderately pressurized from above, and the pre-compression state is maintained by preventing the pressure plate 7 from restoring from the pre-compression point.
  • the performance of the internal stopper 6 is determined so that the floating state of the pressing plate 7 is maintained in a state where the maximum assumed load is received during deflation.
  • the internal stopper 6, FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, preferably placed in a range over substantially the entire inner surface of the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess. By doing so, the internal space of the recess 8 can be used without waste, and the volume of the rubber layer can be secured to the maximum.
  • the vehicle air spring 1 constructed as described above, since the adopted internal stopper 6 of semi shearing, the space g1 of FIG. 4 which has been provided conventionally between the peripheral wall 8 -1 and internal stopper 6 of the recess There is no need to provide it.
  • the internal stopper 6 of the quasi-shear since the ones that form the conical shape of the narrowing down, horizontal elastic deformation of the external stopper 5 between the peripheral wall 8 -1 and an external stopper 5 of the recess of the inner tube ( It is possible to secure a downwardly expanding space g2 for allowing a design maximum elastic deformation amount).
  • Wall 28-1 of the recess is less inclination angle regulation in ensuring pressure receiving area of the inner stopper 6 Unlike compression type air spring disclosed in Patent Document 1 employing the internal stopper. Therefore, it is possible to increase the space g2 by increasing the inclination angle ⁇ of the peripheral wall 8 -1.
  • the quasi-shear type internal stopper since the quasi-shear type internal stopper is adopted, an effect that the spring constant with respect to the vertical load at the time of deflation can be sufficiently reduced is obtained as compared with the air spring of Patent Document 1 adopting the compression type internal stopper.
  • the air spring of Patent Document 1 has the softest level when the spring constant at the time of deflation is about 3 kN / mm.
  • the spring constant at the time of deflation can be as low as 2 kN / mm or less. Therefore, the range of selection by the user is expanded.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the air spring of the invention of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the air spring of the invention of FIG.
  • Spindle 5d in these forms are protruded to the bottom wall 8-2 of the recess.
  • the air spring is significantly displaced in the horizontal direction, since the support shaft 5d comes into contact with the bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2, can no longer move external stopper 5, horizontal rigidity of the whole air spring increases . As a result, when the air spring moves horizontally, the amount of horizontal displacement can be suppressed, and finally a large displacement of the vehicle can be suppressed.
  • the movement in the horizontal direction is suppressed by the inclined internal stopper structure.
  • the inclined internal stopper structure is movable in the shear direction, and a good spring constant (cushioning property) can be obtained. By attaching the support, unnecessary horizontal movement can be suppressed, so that the cushioning property of the inclined internal stopper structure can be ensured.
  • the air port 5c of the support shaft 5d may or may not be provided. When no intake hole is provided on the lower side, the air port 5c may not be provided on the support shaft 5d.
  • the illustrated carriage 10 has a carriage frame 13 to which an axle 11 and wheels 12 are attached.
  • the carriage frame 13 includes a side beam 13a.
  • the bogie frame 13 is supported and supported by the axle 11 via a shaft spring 14, and the vehicle air spring 1 described above is installed as a suspension on the bogie frame 13.
  • the lower surface plate 5 b of the external stopper 5 is fixed to the bogie frame 13, and the outer cylinder 2 of the air spring 1 is fixed to the vehicle body 20 of the railway vehicle so that air is passed between the bogie 10 and the vehicle body 20.
  • a spring 1 is interposed.
  • the carriage 10 configured in this manner employs the air spring 1 that achieves both a reduction in the overall height and ensuring good spring characteristics during deflation, so that there is a need to increase the diameter of the wheel 12 and travel safety during deflation. Therefore, it is possible to meet the demand for higher speed and to meet the demand for higher vehicle speed.
  • the presser that holds the pressing plate may be a nut or a screw.
  • the pressing plate can be provided with a screw for hanging the air spring.
  • the pressing plate can be provided with a throttle hole that provides damping of the air spring.
  • a screw for hanging the air spring can be provided on the inclined fixed wall.
  • the inclined fixed wall can be provided with a throttle hole that provides damping of the air spring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of further reducing the overall height and at the same time ensuring preferable spring property at the time of deflation in an air spring for a vehicle using both an external stopper and an internal stopper each having spring property. Disclosed is an air spring for a vehicle, wherein an internal stopper (6) is provided inside a diaphragm (4) and a concave portion (8) formed on an inner tube (3) is placed inside an external stopper (5) to overlap the external stopper (5) in the height direction by the length (L). In an embodiment, the concave portion (8) is provided with an inverted conical peripheral wall (8-1) and a bottom wall (8-2), a pressing plate (7) is provided with an inverted conical load application surface (9a) in a vertically suspended manner, an inverted conical semi-shear stopper is provided as the internal stopper (6), and an inside diameter surface (fi) and an outside diameter surface (fo) of the semi-shear internal stopper (6) are fixed on the load application surface (9a) and on an inner surface of the peripheral wall (8-1), respectively.

Description

車両用空気ばねとそれを用いた台車Vehicle air spring and cart using the same
　この発明は、車両用空気ばね、特に、インフレート時(空気が封入されている正常時）、デフレート時(所謂パンク時）のばね特性に優れ、従来品に比べてより一層の小型化も図れる空気ばねと、それを用いた台車に関する。 The present invention is excellent in spring characteristics for an air spring for a vehicle, particularly at the time of inflation (when air is sealed normally) and at the time of deflation (so-called puncture), and can be further reduced in size as compared with conventional products. The present invention relates to an air spring and a carriage using the same.
　鉄道車両用のサスペンションとして採用される空気ばねは、二次ばねとして車両の台車と車体との間に設置される。この空気ばねには、ボルスタ付き台車用とボルスタレス台車用がある。 An air spring employed as a suspension for a railway vehicle is installed as a secondary spring between the vehicle carriage and the vehicle body. There are two types of air springs, one for bolster trucks and one for bolsterless trucks.
　これらの空気ばねの中で、下記特許文献１に開示されるようなものがある。特許文献１の空気ばねは、台車側に取り付ける内筒と、車体側に取付ける外筒と、その内筒と外筒間に設置して空気を封入するダイヤフラムを有し、さらに、各々がばね性を有する外部ストッパと内部ストッパを有している。 Among these air springs, there are those disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. The air spring of Patent Document 1 has an inner cylinder attached to the carriage side, an outer cylinder attached to the vehicle body side, a diaphragm that is installed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and encloses air, and each has a spring property. An external stopper and an internal stopper.
外部ストッパと内部ストッパは、ゴム層と補強板を交互に重ねた積層ゴムで形成されたものが多用されている。外部ストッパは、略円筒状であり、ダイヤフラムを備えた空気ばねの内筒を支持する。また、内部ストッパは、ダイヤフラムの内側に設置され、デフレート時に外筒を支持する。
　デフレート時に外筒が内部ストッパ上に乗り、内部ストッパと外部ストッパを介しての荷重（車体重量）支持がなされる。
　これにより、デフレートに起因したダイヤフラムによるクッション性能の喪失が内部ストッパのばね特性によって補われ、デフレート時にも車両の走行安全性と不快感の少ない乗り心地が確保される。 As the external stopper and the internal stopper, those formed of laminated rubber in which rubber layers and reinforcing plates are alternately stacked are frequently used. The external stopper is substantially cylindrical and supports the inner cylinder of an air spring provided with a diaphragm. The internal stopper is installed inside the diaphragm and supports the outer cylinder during deflation.
At the time of deflation, the outer cylinder rides on the internal stopper, and the load (vehicle weight) is supported through the internal stopper and the external stopper.
As a result, the loss of cushion performance due to the diaphragm caused by the deflation is compensated by the spring characteristics of the internal stopper, and the traveling safety of the vehicle and the ride comfort with less discomfort are ensured even during deflation.
　ところで、上記構造の空気ばねは、外部ストッパと内部ストッパの２者を備えるため、高さ寸法が大きくなる傾向がある。 By the way, since the air spring having the above structure includes two members, an external stopper and an internal stopper, the height dimension tends to increase.
　その問題の対策として、特許文献１の空気ばねは、図４に示すように、内筒の中央部に下に窪んだ凹部を設けてその凹部を外部ストッパの内部に入り込ませ、その凹部上に内部ストッパを取り付けている。これにより、外部ストッパと内部ストッパを高さ方向に部分的にオーバラップさせて全高(全体の高さ寸法）を短縮することを可能にしている。 As a countermeasure against this problem, the air spring of Patent Document 1 is provided with a recessed portion that is recessed downward at the center of the inner cylinder, as shown in FIG. 4, and the recessed portion enters the inside of the external stopper. An internal stopper is attached. As a result, the external stopper and the internal stopper are partially overlapped in the height direction so that the total height (the overall height dimension) can be shortened.
特開２００２－２０６５８２号公報JP 2002-206582 A
　前記特許文献１の空気ばねにおいて、内部ストッパのばね定数をより下げるために内部ストッパの高さを大きくする場合、全高を少なくとも維持しようとすれば、外部ストッパと内部ストッパのオーバラップ量を大きくすることになる。 In the air spring of Patent Document 1, when the height of the internal stopper is increased to further reduce the spring constant of the internal stopper, the overlap amount of the external stopper and the internal stopper is increased if at least the overall height is to be maintained. It will be.
　インフレート時、空気ばねが水平方向に変位する際、外部ストッパは弾性変形して、ダイヤフラムの水平運動を補助する役割を担う。そのとき、傾いた外部ストッパが、内部ストッパを取り付ける内筒の凹部と干渉しないようにする必要がある。しかしながら、外部ストッパとの干渉を避けるために、凹部を小さくすると、内部ストッパの外径が小さくなって内部ストッパの受圧面積を十分に確保できなくなる。 時 When inflating, when the air spring is displaced in the horizontal direction, the external stopper is elastically deformed and plays a role of assisting the diaphragm in horizontal movement. At that time, it is necessary to prevent the inclined external stopper from interfering with the concave portion of the inner cylinder to which the internal stopper is attached. However, if the recess is made small in order to avoid interference with the external stopper, the outer diameter of the internal stopper becomes small and a sufficient pressure receiving area for the internal stopper cannot be secured.
　この発明は、外部ストッパと内部ストッパを併用した空気ばねについて、全高の更なる低下と、デフレート時の良好なばね特性の確保を両立させることを課題としている。 The object of the present invention is to achieve both a further reduction in the overall height and securing of good spring characteristics during deflation for an air spring that uses both an external stopper and an internal stopper.
　上記の課題を解決するため、この発明の車両用空気ばねは、車体側の外筒と、前記外筒より下方の内筒と、前記外筒と前記内筒との間に配置されるダイヤフラムと、前記内筒を支持するばね特性を持った筒状の外部ストッパと、前記内筒で支持されるばね特性を持った内部ストッパとを備える。そして前記内筒が、前記外部ストッパの内側で該外部ストッパに対して高さ方向にオーバラップし前記内部ストッパの一端面を支持する下細りの傾斜支持壁を有し、前記内部ストッパの他端面を固定し、前記内部ストッパを挟んで前記傾斜支持壁と対向する下細りの傾斜固定壁をさらに備える車両用空気ばねにした。 In order to solve the above-described problems, a vehicle air spring according to the present invention includes an outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder below the outer cylinder, and a diaphragm disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. And a cylindrical external stopper having a spring characteristic for supporting the inner cylinder, and an internal stopper having a spring characteristic supported by the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder has a lower inclined support wall that overlaps the outer stopper in the height direction inside the outer stopper and supports one end face of the inner stopper, and the other end face of the inner stopper. And an air spring for a vehicle further comprising a lower inclined fixed wall facing the inclined support wall with the internal stopper interposed therebetween.
　この車両用空気ばねにおいて、前記内筒は、前記傾斜支持壁で前記内部ストッパを支持するため、空気ばねの水平変位によって前記外部ストッパが傾いても、前記傾斜支持壁と前記外部ストッパとの干渉を避けることができ、前記内部ストッパの支持面積も確保することができる。前記内部ストッパの受圧面積および体積を確保することで、デフレート時にも、空気ばねの搭載荷重を適当に受けることができる。また前記傾斜支持壁と前記傾斜固定壁との間で固定された前記内部ストッパは準剪断型のストッパとして作用し、デフレート時にも良好なばね特性を得ることができる。 In this air spring for a vehicle, the inner cylinder supports the inner stopper with the inclined support wall. Therefore, even if the external stopper is inclined due to a horizontal displacement of the air spring, the interference between the inclined support wall and the outer stopper. And a supporting area of the internal stopper can be secured. By securing the pressure receiving area and volume of the internal stopper, it is possible to appropriately receive the mounting load of the air spring even during deflation. Further, the internal stopper fixed between the inclined support wall and the inclined fixed wall acts as a quasi-shear type stopper, and good spring characteristics can be obtained even during deflation.
　一実施態様において、前記内部ストッパとしては、車量を受けて剪断変形を起こす下細り円錐形の準剪断型のストッパを用い、この準剪断型の内部ストッパの一端面（外径面）を前記傾斜支持壁に、前記内部ストッパの他端面（内径面）を前記傾斜固定壁にそれぞれ固定する。 In one embodiment, as the internal stopper, a quasi-shear type stopper having a thin conical shape that undergoes shear deformation in response to a vehicle amount is used, and one end surface (outer diameter surface) of the quasi-shear type internal stopper is defined as the internal stopper. The other end surface (inner diameter surface) of the internal stopper is fixed to the inclined support wall, respectively.
　前記内筒は、前記傾斜支持壁と、前記傾斜支持壁の底部から内側（中心方向）に延びる補強壁とを有することができる。 The inner cylinder may include the inclined support wall and a reinforcing wall extending inward (center direction) from the bottom of the inclined support wall.
　この内部ストッパは、前記凹部の周壁の内面のほぼ全域にわたる範囲に設置するのが好ましい。 It is preferable that this internal stopper is installed in a range covering almost the entire area of the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the recess.
　この発明は、車軸と車輪を取り付けた台車枠上に、上述したこの発明の空気ばねをサスペンションとして設置した台車も併せて提供する。 The present invention also provides a carriage in which the above-described air spring of the present invention is installed as a suspension on a carriage frame to which an axle and wheels are attached.
　車量で準剪断変形を起こしてクッション効果を生じる空気ばね用の準剪断型のストッパは、前記特許文献１の図４にも示されている周知のクッション材である。この発明の空気ばねは、内部ストッパとしてその準剪断型のストッパを用いたので、凹部の周壁と内部ストッパとの間に内部ストッパの水平方向弾性変形を許容するための空間を設ける必要がない。従って、内筒の内部スペースを無駄なく利用することができる。 A quasi-shear type stopper for an air spring that causes a quasi-shear deformation with a vehicle amount and produces a cushion effect is a well-known cushion material shown in FIG. Since the air spring of the present invention uses the quasi-shear type stopper as the internal stopper, it is not necessary to provide a space for allowing the horizontal elastic deformation of the internal stopper between the peripheral wall of the recess and the internal stopper. Therefore, the internal space of the inner cylinder can be used without waste.
　また、その準剪断型の内部ストッパを、下細りの円錐形状をなすものにしたので、内筒に設ける凹部の周壁を下細り円錐形状にしてその周壁と外部ストッパとの間に外部ストッパの水平方向弾性変形を許容するための下広がりの空間を確保することができる。 In addition, since the semi-shear type internal stopper has a conical shape that is thinned thinly, the peripheral wall of the recess provided in the inner cylinder is formed into a thin conical shape, and the external stopper is horizontally disposed between the peripheral wall and the external stopper. A downwardly expanding space for allowing directional elastic deformation can be secured.
　加えて、準剪断型の内部ストッパを採用したことで、前記凹部の周壁の傾斜角θの規制も緩和され、その傾斜角θを十分に大きくすることができる。これにより、凹部の底壁から外部ストッパの下面板までの距離を大きくせずに外部ストッパの水平方向弾性変形の許容量を増大させることが可能になり、全高の更なる低減と、デフレート時の良好なばね特性の確保が可能になる。 In addition, by adopting the quasi-shear type internal stopper, the regulation of the inclination angle θ of the peripheral wall of the recess is relaxed, and the inclination angle θ can be sufficiently increased. As a result, it becomes possible to increase the allowable amount of horizontal elastic deformation of the external stopper without increasing the distance from the bottom wall of the recess to the bottom plate of the external stopper. It is possible to ensure good spring characteristics.
　また、この発明の台車は、全高低下とデフレート時の良好なばね特性の確保を両立させた空気ばねを採用しているので、車輪の直径を大きくする要求や、デフレート時の走行安全性を高める要求に応えることができ、車両の高速化に寄与できる。 In addition, since the carriage of the present invention employs an air spring that achieves both a reduction in overall height and securing good spring characteristics during deflation, the requirement for increasing the diameter of the wheel and driving safety during deflation are increased. It can meet the demand and contribute to the speeding up of the vehicle.
この発明の空気ばねの一形態を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows one form of the air spring of this invention この発明の空気ばねの他の形態を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of this invention この発明の台車の実施形態の概要を示す側面図The side view which shows the outline | summary of embodiment of the trolley | bogie of this invention 特許文献１に開示された空気ばねの断面図Sectional view of the air spring disclosed in Patent Document 1 図１の発明の空気ばねの他の形態を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of invention of FIG. 図２の発明の空気ばねの他の形態を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the other form of the air spring of invention of FIG.
１　　　　　空気ばね
２　　　　　外筒
２ａ　　　　上面板
２ｂ　　　　空気ポート
２ｃ　　　　支軸
３　　　　　内筒
３ａ　　　　押え具
４　　　　　ダイヤフラム
５　　　　　外部ストッパ
６　　　　　内部ストッパ
５ａ，６ａ　積層ゴム
５ａ－１，６ａ－１　ゴム層
５ａ－２，６ａ－２　補強板
５ｂ　　　　下面板
５ｃ　　　　空気ポート
５ｄ　　　　支軸
ｆｏ　　　　外径面
ｆｉ　　　　内径面
７　　　　　押圧板
８　　　　　凹部
８－１　　　　周壁（傾斜支持壁）
８－２　　　　底壁（補強壁）
９　　　　　中空コーン
９ａ　　　　荷重印加面（傾斜固定壁）
１０　　　　台車
１１　　　　車軸
１２　　　　車輪
１３　　　　台車枠
１３ａ　　　側梁
１４　　　　軸ばね
２０　　　　車体
ｇ１，ｇ２　空間
θ　　　　　内筒の凹部の周壁の傾斜角
Ｌ　　　　　外部ストッパと内部ストッパのオーバラップ長さ
ｄａ　　　　内筒と押圧板間の径方向隙間寸法
ｄｂ　　　　外部ストッパの半径での水平方向弾性変形の許容量
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air spring 2 Outer cylinder 2a Top plate 2b Air port 2c Support shaft 3 Inner cylinder 3a Presser 4 Diaphragm 5 External stopper 6 Internal stopper 5a, 6a Laminated rubber 5a- 1 , 6a- 1 Rubber layer 5a- 2 , 6a- 2 Reinforcing plate 5b Lower surface plate 5c Air port 5d Support shaft fo Outer diameter surface fi Inner diameter surface 7 Pressing plate 8 Recessed portion 8-1 peripheral wall
8-2 Bottom wall (Reinforcement wall)
9 Hollow cone 9a Load application surface (inclined fixed wall)
10 Bogie 11 Axle 12 Wheel 13 Bogie Frame 13a Side Beam 14 Shaft Spring 20 Car Body g1, g2 Space θ Inclination Angle L of Peripheral Wall of Recess of Inner Cylinder Overlap Length da of External Stopper and Internal Stopper da Between Inner Cylinder and Press Plate Radial clearance dimension db Allowable amount of horizontal elastic deformation at the radius of the external stopper
　以下、この発明の車両用空気ばねと台車の実施の形態を、添付図面の図１～図３および図５～図６に基づいて説明する。図１に示した車両用空気ばね１は、外筒２、内筒３、ダイヤフラム４、外部ストッパ５、内部ストッパ６及び押圧板７を組み合わせて構成されている。 Embodiments of a vehicle air spring and a carriage according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 5 to 6 of the accompanying drawings. The vehicle air spring 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured by combining an outer cylinder 2, an inner cylinder 3, a diaphragm 4, an external stopper 5, an internal stopper 6 and a pressing plate 7.
　外筒２は、給排気用の空気ポート２ｂを有する支軸２ｃをダイヤフラム４の上部を覆う上面板２ａの中心に設けた部材であり、この外筒２は車体２０に取り付けられる。 The outer cylinder 2 is a member in which a support shaft 2 c having an air port 2 b for supplying and exhausting air is provided at the center of an upper surface plate 2 a that covers the upper portion of the diaphragm 4. The outer cylinder 2 is attached to the vehicle body 20.
　その外筒２と内筒３間にダイヤフラム４が配置される。このダイヤフラム４の内部に圧縮空気が導入されてインフレート時にエアークッション効果が発揮される。 A diaphragm 4 is arranged between the outer cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 3. Compressed air is introduced into the diaphragm 4 and an air cushion effect is exhibited during inflation.
　外部ストッパ５は、圧縮変形を起こす圧縮型のクッション材である。図示の外部ストッパ５は、環状のゴム層５ａ－１と補強板５ａ－２を交互に重ねた略円筒状の積層ゴム５ａと下面板５ｂを組み合わせて構成されており、空気ポート５ｃを有する支軸５ｄを中心に垂下して設けた前記下面板５ｂが車両の台車１０に取り付けられる。この外部ストッパ５の上端に内筒３が固定されてその内筒３の支持が外部ストッパ５によって行われる。空気ポート２ｂ、５ｃは、後述する内筒３に設けられた凹部８の底壁８－２と中空コーン９に設けた孔を介して連通している。 The external stopper 5 is a compression type cushion material that causes compression deformation. The illustrated external stopper 5 is configured by combining a substantially cylindrical laminated rubber 5a in which annular rubber layers 5a- 1 and reinforcing plates 5a- 2 are alternately stacked, and a lower surface plate 5b, and has an air port 5c. The lower surface plate 5b provided so as to hang around the shaft 5d is attached to a vehicle carriage 10. The inner cylinder 3 is fixed to the upper end of the external stopper 5, and the inner cylinder 3 is supported by the external stopper 5. The air ports 2 b and 5 c communicate with a bottom wall 8-2 of a recess 8 provided in the inner cylinder 3 described later and a hole provided in the hollow cone 9.
　なお、外部ストッパ５は、最大想定荷重を受けた状態で下面板５ｂに対する内筒３の乗り上げが起こらないようにその性能が決定されている。 The performance of the external stopper 5 is determined so that the inner cylinder 3 does not ride on the lower surface plate 5b in a state where the maximum assumed load is received.
　内筒３は、下に窪んだ凹部８を中央に備えている。その凹部８は、下細り円錐形の周壁（傾斜支持壁）８－１と底壁（補強壁）８－２を備えるものにしてあり、この凹部の周壁８－１上に内部ストッパ６を設置して内部ストッパ６を内筒３で支えている。 The inner cylinder 3 is provided with a concave portion 8 recessed in the center. The recess 8, Yes and those with a lower tapering conical peripheral wall (inclined support wall) 28-1 and a bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2, establish an internal stopper 6 on the peripheral wall 8 -1 of the recess Thus, the inner stopper 6 is supported by the inner cylinder 3.
内部ストッパ６は、垂直加重(上からの荷重）に対して剪断変形を起こす準剪断型のク
ッション材である。この内部ストッパ６は、ばね定数が外部ストッパ５よりも小さく設定されている。また、デフレート時に押圧板７を浮遊位置に保持できるものにしている。図示の内部ストッパ６は、円錐状のゴム層６ａ－１と、円錐状の補強板６ａ－２を交互に重ねた積層ゴム６ａによって構成されるものになっているが、図２に示すように、単一のゴム塊で構成されるものであってもよい。 The internal stopper 6 is a quasi-shear type cushioning material that causes shear deformation with respect to vertical load (load from above). The internal stopper 6 is set to have a spring constant smaller than that of the external stopper 5. Further, the pressing plate 7 can be held in the floating position during deflation. The illustrated internal stopper 6 is composed of a laminated rubber 6a in which a conical rubber layer 6a- 1 and a conical reinforcing plate 6a- 2 are alternately stacked. As shown in FIG. Or a single rubber lump.
この内部ストッパ６は、下細り円錐形状をなすものにして傾斜した外径面ｆｏを凹部８の周壁８－１の内面に接している。 The internal stopper 6 is in contact with the outer diameter surface fo inclined in the one forming the bottom tapering conical shape on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess 8.
　押圧板７は、内筒３の上部に設けた押え具３ａで図１の位置からの上への移動を阻止しているが、図１の位置から下への移動と、内筒３に対する所定量の水平方向相対移動は許容される。図示の押圧板７は、内筒３との摺動面に、フッ素樹脂などの低摩擦係数のコーティング層(図示せず）を有するものもあり、この場合、上記の水平方向相対移動量を大
きく確保する必要はない。 The pressing plate 7 is prevented from moving upward from the position shown in FIG. 1 by a presser 3 a provided on the upper part of the inner cylinder 3. A fixed amount of horizontal relative movement is allowed. The illustrated pressing plate 7 has a low friction coefficient coating layer (not shown) such as fluororesin on the sliding surface with the inner cylinder 3, and in this case, the horizontal relative movement amount is increased. There is no need to secure.
　この押圧板７の中央下面に凹部８と同心配置の中空コーン９を垂下して設け、その中空コーン９の下細り円錐形の外周面（傾斜固定壁）を荷重印加面９ａにしてその面に内部ストッパ６の内径面ｆｉを接着している。 A hollow cone 9 concentrically arranged with the concave portion 8 is provided on the central lower surface of the pressing plate 7 so that the outer peripheral surface (inclined fixed wall) of the hollow cone 9 is a load application surface 9a on the surface. The inner surface fi of the internal stopper 6 is bonded.
なお、内部ストッパ６の外径面ｆｏと内径面ｆｉの接着は、同ストッパの上側と下側のみについて行っており、内・外径面の高さ方向の中間部は、荷重印加面９ａと周壁８－１に対してそれぞれ未接着の状態になっている。この構成によって、内部ストッパの垂直荷重による剪断変形を起こり易くすることができるが、内・外径面ｆｏ，ｆｉの全域を接着してもよい。 The outer diameter surface fo and the inner diameter surface fi of the inner stopper 6 are bonded only to the upper side and the lower side of the stopper, and the intermediate portion of the inner and outer diameter surfaces in the height direction is connected to the load application surface 9a. in the state of the unbonded respectively the peripheral wall 8 -1. With this configuration, it is possible to easily cause shear deformation due to the vertical load of the internal stopper, but the entire inner and outer diameter surfaces fo and fi may be bonded.
　この内部ストッパ６は、内筒３の凹部８を外部ストッパ５の内側に入り込ませている。そのために、凹部の周壁８－１に支持された内部ストッパ６が、図１に示した長さＬの範囲で外部ストッパ５に対して高さ方向にオーバラップし、オーバラップの無い構造に比べて空気ばねの全高が長さＬ相当分低くなっている。 The internal stopper 6 allows the concave portion 8 of the inner cylinder 3 to enter the inside of the external stopper 5. Therefore, the internal stopper 6 which is supported by the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess, overlap in the height direction relative to the external stopper 5 in the length range L shown in FIG. 1, compared with no overlap structure Thus, the overall height of the air spring is lowered by the length L.
内部ストッパ６は、上から適度に加圧して予備圧縮を行っており、予備圧縮点からの復元を押圧板７で阻止することで予備圧縮状態を保持している。この内部ストッパ６は、デフレート時に最大想定荷重を受けた状態で押圧板７の浮遊状態が維持されるようにその性能が決定されている。 The internal stopper 6 is preliminarily compressed by being moderately pressurized from above, and the pre-compression state is maintained by preventing the pressure plate 7 from restoring from the pre-compression point. The performance of the internal stopper 6 is determined so that the floating state of the pressing plate 7 is maintained in a state where the maximum assumed load is received during deflation.
　この内部ストッパ６は、図１、図２に示すように、凹部の周壁８－１の内面のほぼ全域にわたる範囲に設置すると好ましい。そのようにすることで凹部８の内部スペースを無駄なく利用でき、ゴム層の体積も最大限に確保することができる。 The internal stopper 6, FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, preferably placed in a range over substantially the entire inner surface of the peripheral wall 8 -1 recess. By doing so, the internal space of the recess 8 can be used without waste, and the volume of the rubber layer can be secured to the maximum.
　以上のように構成したこの車両用空気ばね１は、準剪断型の内部ストッパ６を採用したので、凹部の周壁８－１と内部ストッパ６との間に従来設けていた図４の空間ｇ１を設ける必要がない。 The vehicle air spring 1 constructed as described above, since the adopted internal stopper 6 of semi shearing, the space g1 of FIG. 4 which has been provided conventionally between the peripheral wall 8 -1 and internal stopper 6 of the recess There is no need to provide it.
　また、その準剪断型の内部ストッパ６を、下細りの円錐形状をなすものにしたので、内筒の凹部の周壁８－１と外部ストッパ５との間に外部ストッパ５の水平方向弾性変形(設
計上の最大弾性変形量）を許容するための下広がりの空間ｇ２を確保することができる。 Further, the internal stopper 6 of the quasi-shear, since the ones that form the conical shape of the narrowing down, horizontal elastic deformation of the external stopper 5 between the peripheral wall 8 -1 and an external stopper 5 of the recess of the inner tube ( It is possible to secure a downwardly expanding space g2 for allowing a design maximum elastic deformation amount).
　凹部の周壁８－１は、圧縮型の内部ストッパを採用した特許文献１の空気ばねと違って内部ストッパ６の受圧面積を確保する上での傾斜角規制が少ない。従って、周壁８－１の傾斜角θを大きくして空間ｇ２を増大させることができる。 Wall 28-1 of the recess is less inclination angle regulation in ensuring pressure receiving area of the inner stopper 6 Unlike compression type air spring disclosed in Patent Document 1 employing the internal stopper. Therefore, it is possible to increase the space g2 by increasing the inclination angle θ of the peripheral wall 8 -1.
　そのために、凹部の底壁８－２から外部ストッパの下面板５ｂまでの距離を大きくせずに外部ストッパ５の水平方向弾性変形の許容量を増大させることが可能になり、車両用空気ばねの全高の更なる低減と、デフレート時の良好なばね特性の確保が可能になる。 Therefore, it is possible to increase the capacity of the horizontal elastic deformation of the external stopper 5 without increasing the distance from the bottom wall 8-2 of the recess to the lower surface plate 5b of the external stopper, the air spring for a vehicle It is possible to further reduce the overall height and ensure good spring characteristics during deflation.
また、準剪断型の内部ストッパを採用したので、圧縮型の内部ストッパを採用した特許文献１の空気ばねに比べて、デフレート時の垂直荷重に対するばね定数を十分に小さくし得る効果も得られる。特許文献１の空気ばねは、デフレート時のばね定数が３ｋＮ／ｍｍ程度が最も軟らかいレベルになるが、準剪断型の内部ストッパであれば、デフレート時のばね定数が２ｋＮ／ｍｍ以下といったレベルも可能であるので、ユーザの選択の範囲が広がる。 Further, since the quasi-shear type internal stopper is adopted, an effect that the spring constant with respect to the vertical load at the time of deflation can be sufficiently reduced is obtained as compared with the air spring of Patent Document 1 adopting the compression type internal stopper. The air spring of Patent Document 1 has the softest level when the spring constant at the time of deflation is about 3 kN / mm. However, if it is a quasi-shear type internal stopper, the spring constant at the time of deflation can be as low as 2 kN / mm or less. Therefore, the range of selection by the user is expanded.
　なお、内部ストッパ６を凹部の周壁８－１の内面のほぼ全域にわたる範囲に設置した空気ばねは、内筒３の内部スペースの利用効率がより高まり、内部ストッパ６構成するゴム層の体積も最大限に確保することができる。内部ストッパや外部ストッパはゴム層の体積が大きいほどゴムの荷重負担が軽減されて耐久性の面で有利となる。 Maximum The air spring installed in a range over substantially the entire inner surface of the inner stopper 6 a recess of the peripheral wall 8 -1, increased more the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the inner cylinder 3, also the volume of the rubber layer forming the internal stopper 6 Can be secured to the limit. The larger the rubber layer volume of the internal stopper and the external stopper, the less the load load on the rubber and the more advantageous in terms of durability.
　図５は図１の発明の空気ばねの他の形態を示す断面図である。また図６は図２の発明の空気ばねの他の形態を示す断面図である。これらの形態では支軸５ｄが凹部の底壁８－２まで突出している。これにより図１および図２の実施の効果に加えて、空気ばねの水平移動距離が一定以上大きくなると、水平移動しにくくなる効果を得ることができる。即ち、支軸５ｄが底壁（補強壁）８－２に接触することにより、外部ストッパ５の水平変位を抑制する。そして、空気ばねが水平方向に大きく変位し、支軸５ｄが底壁（補強壁）８－２に接触した以降は、外部ストッパ５が移動できなくなり、空気ばね全体の水平方向の剛性は大きくなる。これにより、空気ばねが大きく水平移動する際に水平変位量を抑制できることとなり、最終的に車両の大変位を抑制することができる。
　本願発明においては、傾斜している内部ストッパ構造により、水平方向への移動は抑制される。一方、傾斜している内部ストッパ構造により、せん断方向にも可動となり、良好なばね定数（クッション性）を得ることができる。当該支持体の付設により、不必要な水平移動を抑制することができるので、傾斜している内部ストッパ構造のクッション性を確実なものとすることができる。
なお、支軸５ｄの空気ポート５ｃはあっても無くてもよい。下側に吸気孔を設けない場合には支軸５ｄに空気ポート５ｃは無くてもよい。 FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the air spring of the invention of FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the air spring of the invention of FIG. Spindle 5d in these forms are protruded to the bottom wall 8-2 of the recess. Thereby, in addition to the effect of implementation of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when the horizontal movement distance of the air spring becomes larger than a certain value, the effect of being difficult to move horizontally can be obtained. That is, by the support shaft 5d contacts the bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2, suppresses horizontal displacement of the external stopper 5. The air spring is significantly displaced in the horizontal direction, since the support shaft 5d comes into contact with the bottom wall (reinforcing wall) 8-2, can no longer move external stopper 5, horizontal rigidity of the whole air spring increases . As a result, when the air spring moves horizontally, the amount of horizontal displacement can be suppressed, and finally a large displacement of the vehicle can be suppressed.
In the present invention, the movement in the horizontal direction is suppressed by the inclined internal stopper structure. On the other hand, the inclined internal stopper structure is movable in the shear direction, and a good spring constant (cushioning property) can be obtained. By attaching the support, unnecessary horizontal movement can be suppressed, so that the cushioning property of the inclined internal stopper structure can be ensured.
Note that the air port 5c of the support shaft 5d may or may not be provided. When no intake hole is provided on the lower side, the air port 5c may not be provided on the support shaft 5d.
次に、この発明の台車の実施の形態を図３に示す。図に示すように、例示の台車１０は、車軸１１と車輪１２を取り付けた台車枠１３を有する。台車枠１３には、側梁１３ａが含まれている。その台車枠１３は、軸ばね１４を介して車軸１１に受け支えられており、その台車枠１３上に上述したこの車両用空気ばね１をサスペンションとして設置している。 Next, an embodiment of the carriage of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the illustrated carriage 10 has a carriage frame 13 to which an axle 11 and wheels 12 are attached. The carriage frame 13 includes a side beam 13a. The bogie frame 13 is supported and supported by the axle 11 via a shaft spring 14, and the vehicle air spring 1 described above is installed as a suspension on the bogie frame 13.
　車両用空気ばね１は、外部ストッパ５の下面板５ｂを台車枠１３に固定しており、この空気ばね１の外筒２を鉄道車両の車体２０に固定して台車１０と車体２０間に空気ばね１を介在する。 In the vehicle air spring 1, the lower surface plate 5 b of the external stopper 5 is fixed to the bogie frame 13, and the outer cylinder 2 of the air spring 1 is fixed to the vehicle body 20 of the railway vehicle so that air is passed between the bogie 10 and the vehicle body 20. A spring 1 is interposed.
　このように構成した台車１０は、全高低下とデフレート時の良好なばね特性の確保を両立させた空気ばね１を採用しているので、車輪１２の直径を大きくする要求や、デフレート時の走行安全性を高める要求に応えることができ、車両の高速化の要求に応えることが可能になる。 The carriage 10 configured in this manner employs the air spring 1 that achieves both a reduction in the overall height and ensuring good spring characteristics during deflation, so that there is a need to increase the diameter of the wheel 12 and travel safety during deflation. Therefore, it is possible to meet the demand for higher speed and to meet the demand for higher vehicle speed.
　上述した実施の形態は本発明の技術的範囲を制限するものではなく、本発明の範囲内で種々の変形や応用が可能である。たとえば押圧板を保持する押え具はナットやネジであってもよい。
　押圧板には、空気ばね吊り下げ用のネジを設けることができる。
　押圧板には、空気ばねの減衰を与える絞り穴を設けることができる。
　傾斜固定壁には、空気ばね吊り下げ用のネジを設けることができる。
　傾斜固定壁には、空気ばねの減衰を与える絞り穴を設けることができる。 The above-described embodiments do not limit the technical scope of the present invention, and various modifications and applications are possible within the scope of the present invention. For example, the presser that holds the pressing plate may be a nut or a screw.
The pressing plate can be provided with a screw for hanging the air spring.
The pressing plate can be provided with a throttle hole that provides damping of the air spring.
A screw for hanging the air spring can be provided on the inclined fixed wall.
The inclined fixed wall can be provided with a throttle hole that provides damping of the air spring.

Claims (5)

  1. 　車体側の外筒と、前記外筒より下方の内筒と、前記外筒と前記内筒との間に配置されるダイヤフラムと、前記内筒を支持するばね特性を持った筒状の外部ストッパと、前記内筒で支持されるばね特性を持った内部ストッパとを備え、
    前記内筒が、前記外部ストッパの内側で該外部ストッパに対して高さ方向にオーバラップし前記内部ストッパの一端面を支持する下細りの傾斜支持壁を有し、
    前記内部ストッパの他端面を固定し、前記内部ストッパを挟んで前記傾斜支持壁と対向する下細りの傾斜固定壁をさらに備える車両用空気ばね。     An outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder below the outer cylinder, a diaphragm disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a cylindrical external stopper having spring characteristics for supporting the inner cylinder And an internal stopper having spring characteristics supported by the inner cylinder,
    The inner cylinder has a lower inclined support wall that overlaps the outer stopper in the height direction inside the outer stopper and supports one end surface of the inner stopper,
    An air spring for a vehicle, further comprising a lower inclined fixed wall that fixes the other end surface of the internal stopper and faces the inclined support wall with the internal stopper interposed therebetween.
  2. 　前記内筒が、前記傾斜支持壁と、前記傾斜支持壁の底部から内側に延びる補強壁とを有する請求項１記載の車両用空気ばね。 The vehicle air spring according to claim 1, wherein the inner cylinder includes the inclined support wall and a reinforcing wall extending inward from a bottom portion of the inclined support wall.
  3. 　前記外筒の当接によって前記内部ストッパを押圧するための押圧板と、前記内部ストッパを予備圧縮点で保持するための押え具とをさらに備え、
    　前記押圧板が、前記押え具で押えられる周縁部と前記押え具より上方に突出する凸部とを有する請求項２記載の車両用空気ばね。     A pressing plate for pressing the inner stopper by the contact of the outer cylinder, and a presser for holding the inner stopper at a preliminary compression point;
    The vehicular air spring according to claim 2, wherein the pressing plate has a peripheral edge portion pressed by the presser and a convex portion protruding upward from the presser.
  4. 　前記内部ストッパが、ゴム層と補強板を複数相互に重ねた積層ゴムで構成され、
    前記傾斜支持壁が、その内面のほぼ全域にわたる範囲で前記積層ゴムの一端面を支持する請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の車両用空気ばね。     The internal stopper is composed of laminated rubber in which a plurality of rubber layers and reinforcing plates are stacked on each other,
    The vehicular air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inclined support wall supports one end surface of the laminated rubber in a range over substantially the entire inner surface thereof.
  5. 　車軸と車輪を取り付けた台車枠上に、請求項１記載の空気ばねをサスペンションとして設置した台車。 A cart in which the air spring according to claim 1 is installed as a suspension on a cart frame to which an axle and wheels are attached.
PCT/JP2011/073184 2010-10-25 2011-10-07 Air spring for vehicle and bogie using same WO2012056863A1 (en)

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