WO2012056765A1 - 二次電池及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012056765A1 WO2012056765A1 PCT/JP2011/064409 JP2011064409W WO2012056765A1 WO 2012056765 A1 WO2012056765 A1 WO 2012056765A1 JP 2011064409 W JP2011064409 W JP 2011064409W WO 2012056765 A1 WO2012056765 A1 WO 2012056765A1
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- carbonate compound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present embodiment relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly to a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Examples of means for obtaining a high energy density secondary battery include a method using a negative electrode material having a large capacity, a method using a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent stability, and the like.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that silicon oxide or silicate is used as a negative electrode active material of a secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a negative electrode for a secondary battery including an active material layer including carbon material particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, metal particles capable of being alloyed with lithium, and oxide particles capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a negative electrode material for a secondary battery in which the surface of particles having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in a silicon compound is coated with carbon.
- Patent Documents 4 to 6 it has been proposed to use an electrolytic solution containing an ionic liquid from the viewpoint of imparting flame retardancy.
- the negative electrode for a secondary battery described in Patent Document 2 has an effect of relaxing the volume change of the entire negative electrode when lithium is occluded and released due to the difference in charge / discharge potential of the three components.
- Patent Document 2 the relationship in the coexistence state of the three components, and the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, are sufficiently studied. There was no point.
- Patent Document 3 shows that the binder, electrolyte solution, electrode element structure, and exterior body, which are indispensable for forming a lithium ion secondary battery, have not been sufficiently studied.
- an object of the present embodiment is to provide a secondary battery excellent in both flame retardancy and cycle characteristics when an electrolytic solution containing an ionic liquid is used.
- the present embodiment is a secondary battery having a negative electrode and a battery electrolyte comprising a supporting salt and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode occludes a metal (a) that can be alloyed with lithium and lithium ions.
- a a metal that can be alloyed with lithium and lithium ions.
- An SEI film is formed in advance, and the non-aqueous electrolyte includes at least an ionic liquid.
- the present embodiment is a method for producing a secondary battery having a negative electrode and a battery electrolyte comprising a supporting salt and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte includes at least an ionic liquid, lithium
- a negative electrode active material containing a metal (a) that can be alloyed with metal, a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions is used as a negative electrode binder.
- a negative electrode active material containing a metal (a) that can be alloyed with metal, a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions is used as a negative electrode binder.
- forming a negative electrode structure by binding to the negative electrode current collector, and forming a SEI film on the negative electrode structure by an electrode reaction using a carbonate compound to obtain the negative electrode
- a high-performance secondary battery excellent in both flame retardancy and cycle characteristics can be provided.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
- an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed to each other and a battery electrolyte are included in an outer package.
- the shape of the secondary battery may be any of a cylindrical type, a flat wound square type, a laminated square type, a coin type, a flat wound laminated type, and a laminated laminate type, and a laminated laminate type is preferable.
- a laminated laminate type secondary battery will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
- the electrode element has a laminated structure in which a planar positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other.
- the electrode element shown in FIG. 1 is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of positive electrodes c and a plurality of negative electrodes a with a separator b interposed therebetween. ing.
- the positive electrode current collector e of each positive electrode c is welded to and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode terminal f is welded to the welded portion.
- the negative electrode current collector d of each negative electrode a is welded and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode terminal g is welded to the welded portion.
- the electrode element having such a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (a region close to the winding core of the wound structure), the electrode element associated with charge / discharge is compared with an electrode element having a wound structure.
- Negative electrode The negative electrode comprises a metal (a) that can be alloyed with lithium, a metal oxide (b) that can occlude and release lithium ions, and a carbon material (c) that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- An SEI film is formed in advance on a negative electrode structure in which a substance is bonded to a negative electrode current collector by a negative electrode binder.
- the battery electrolyte containing the ionic liquid can have excellent cycle characteristics.
- the negative electrode active material includes a metal that can be alloyed with lithium (a), a metal oxide that can occlude and release lithium ions (b), and a carbon material that can occlude and release lithium ions (c).
- metal (a) Al, Si, Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Ag, Ba, Ca, Hg, Pd, Pt, Te, Zn, La, or an alloy of two or more thereof can be used. .
- silicon (Si) is included as the metal (a).
- silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, or a composite thereof can be used as the metal oxide (b).
- silicon oxide is preferably included as the metal oxide (b). This is because silicon oxide is relatively stable and hardly causes a reaction with other compounds.
- one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur may be added to the metal oxide (b), for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass. By carrying out like this, the electrical conductivity of a metal oxide (b) can be improved.
- carbon material (c) graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof can be used.
- graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a positive electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure.
- the amorphous metal oxide (b) can suppress the volume expansion of the carbon material (c) and the metal (a), and can also suppress the decomposition of the battery electrolyte. Although this mechanism is not clear, it is presumed that the formation of a coating on the interface between the carbon material (c) and the battery electrolyte has some influence due to the amorphous structure of the metal oxide (b).
- the amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects. It can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement (general XRD measurement) that all or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure.
- the metal oxide (b) does not have an amorphous structure, a peak specific to the metal oxide (b) is observed, but all or part of the metal oxide (b) is amorphous. In the case of having a structure, the intrinsic peak is observed broad in the metal oxide (b).
- the metal oxide (b) is preferably a metal oxide constituting the metal (a).
- the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) are preferably silicon (Si) and silicon oxide (SiO), respectively.
- the negative electrode active material when silicon and silicon oxide are used as the metal (a) and the metal oxide (b) is also abbreviated as Si / SiO / C-based active material.
- all or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b).
- the metal oxide (b) By dispersing at least a part of the metal (a) in the metal oxide (b), volume expansion of the whole negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the battery electrolyte can also be suppressed.
- all or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) because of observation with a transmission electron microscope (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (general). This can be confirmed by using a combination of a standard EDX measurement.
- the cross section of the sample containing the metal particles (a) is observed, the oxygen concentration of the metal particles (a) dispersed in the metal oxide (b) is measured, and the metal particles (a) are configured. It can be confirmed that the metal being used is not an oxide.
- a negative electrode active material in which all or part of the metal oxide (b) has an amorphous structure and all or part of the metal (a) is dispersed in the metal oxide (b) is disclosed in, for example, Patent Literature 3 can be prepared. That is, by performing a CVD process on the metal oxide (b) in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas, the metal (a) in the metal oxide (b) is nanoclustered and the surface is a carbon material (c ) Can be obtained. Moreover, the said negative electrode active material is producible also by mixing a carbon material (c), a metal (a), and a metal oxide (b) by mechanical milling.
- each metal (a), metal oxide (b) and carbon material (c) with respect to the total of metal (a), metal oxide (b) and carbon material (c) is respectively It is preferable that they are 5 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less, 5 mass% or more and 90 mass% or less, and 2 mass% or more and 80 mass% or less.
- each metal (a), metal oxide (b), and carbon material (c) content with respect to the sum total of a metal (a), a metal oxide (b), and a carbon material (c) is 20 masses, respectively. % To 50% by mass, 40% to 70% by mass, and 2% to 30% by mass are more preferable.
- the metal (a), the metal oxide (b), and the carbon material (c) are not particularly limited, but particulate materials can be used.
- the average particle diameter of the metal (a) may be smaller than the average particle diameter of the carbon material (c) and the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (b). In this way, the metal (a) having a small volume change during charge / discharge has a relatively small particle size, and the carbon material (c) and the metal oxide (b) having a large volume change have a relatively large particle size. Therefore, dendrite formation and alloy pulverization are more effectively suppressed.
- the average particle diameter of the metal (a) can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of a metal oxide (b) is 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of a carbon material (c), and the average particle diameter of a metal (a) is an average of a metal oxide (b). It is preferable that it is 1/2 or less of a particle diameter. Furthermore, the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (b) is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon material (c), and the average particle diameter of the metal (a) is the average particle diameter of the metal oxide (b). It is more preferable that it is 1/2 or less.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide (b) is set to 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the graphite (c), and the average particle diameter of the silicon (a) is the average particle of the silicon oxide (b). It is preferable to make it 1/2 or less of the diameter. More specifically, the average particle diameter of silicon (a) can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited.
- polyvinylidene fluoride PVdF
- vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and the like can be used.
- PI polyimide
- PAI polyamideimide
- polyimide or polyamideimide is preferable.
- the adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the current collector is improved, and the electrical contact between the current collector and the negative electrode active material is good even after repeated charging and discharging. Therefore, good cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the content of the negative electrode binder is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass and more preferably 2 to 25% by mass with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder.
- the content is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass and more preferably 2 to 25% by mass with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but aluminum, nickel, copper, silver, and alloys thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability.
- Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- the negative electrode structure can be produced, for example, by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on a negative electrode current collector.
- a method for forming the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method.
- a negative electrode current collector made of a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof can be formed by using a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, whereby a negative electrode structure can be manufactured.
- the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) coating is a coating that exhibits conductivity with respect to lithium ions and does not have electronic conductivity.
- the method of forming the SEI film is not particularly limited, and a method of forming it electrochemically, a method of short-circuiting with lithium metal, a method of vapor deposition on the electrode surface, or the like can be considered.
- it can be formed by an electrode reaction using an electrolyte for forming a film comprising a supporting salt and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but a lithium salt is preferable.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 2 F 5 SO 2), LiN (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2 and the like.
- LiPF 6 is preferable.
- a supporting salt can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte used for the film-forming electrolyte is not particularly limited.
- PS propane sultone
- BS propane sultone
- ethers such as diethyl ether and dimethyl ether, ethers obtained by fluorinating a part of hydrogen of these ethers, and the like are also included.
- ethylene sulfite (ES) is also mentioned.
- a carbonate compound As the non-aqueous electrolyte, it is preferable to use a carbonate compound as the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a carbonate compound By using a carbonate compound, an SEI film excellent in conductivity and durability can be formed.
- a cell comprising the above-described negative electrode structure, a positive electrode on the counter electrode of the negative electrode structure, and a film forming electrolyte containing a supporting salt and a carbonate compound is prepared, and a SEI film is formed by repeating charge and discharge. can do.
- limit especially as a positive electrode The well-known positive electrode containing Li can be used, for example, a lithium metal can be used.
- a carbonate compound shows carbonate compounds other than a fluorinated carbonate compound, and is also called a non-fluorinated carbonate compound.
- the non-fluorinated carbonate compound include cyclic or chain compounds as described above.
- the ion dissociation property of the electrolytic solution is improved and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is lowered. Therefore, ion mobility can be improved.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution preferably further contains a fluorinated carbonate compound in addition to the non-fluorinated carbonate compound.
- Fluorinated carbonate compounds include cyclic and chain compounds, and specific examples include fluorinated cyclic carbonate compounds and fluorinated chain carbonate compounds. Moreover, it is preferable that it is a fluorinated cyclic carbonate.
- fluorinated cyclic carbonate compound The compound etc. which fluorinated a part of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, etc. can also be used. More specifically, for example, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-one (fluoroethylene carbonate, hereinafter also referred to as FEC), (cis or trans) 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2 -One, 4,4-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and the like can be used. Among these, fluoroethylene carbonate is preferable.
- the compound which substituted the hydrogen of one part or all part of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and methylpropyl carbonate can also be used.
- bis (fluoroethyl) carbonate, 3-fluoropropyl methyl carbonate, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl methyl carbonate and the like can be mentioned.
- the content of the fluorinated carbonate film-forming electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass, and preferably in the range of 0.2 to 8% by mass. More preferably, it is in the range of 1 to 5% by mass.
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by binding a positive electrode active material so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
- lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure; LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or a transition metal thereof Lithium transition metal oxides in which a specific transition metal such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 does not exceed half the lithium transition metal oxides; In which Li is made excessive in comparison with the stoichiometric composition.
- a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the positive electrode binder the same as the negative electrode binder can be used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the content of the positive electrode binder is 1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode binder from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship.
- the range is preferable, and 2 to 10% by mass is more preferable.
- the positive electrode current collector the same as the negative electrode current collector can be used.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- the battery electrolyte used in the present embodiment includes a supporting salt and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the non-aqueous electrolyte includes at least an ionic liquid.
- the ionic liquid is a salt composed of a cation and an anion that shows a liquid state at -10 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the ionic liquid is not particularly limited.
- anion constituting the ionic liquid examples include (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ (also referred to as TFSI), (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ (also referred to as BETI), and (FSO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ .
- CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ referred to as C-TFSI
- CF 2 ) 3 (SO 2 ) 2 N — a cyclic anion such as (CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ (referred to as C-TFSI) or (CF 2 ) 3 (SO 2 ) 2 N — .
- an imide anion such as TFSI, BETI, FSI, or (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ) 2 N — is preferable, and TFSI or BETI is more preferable.
- Examples of the cation constituting the ionic liquid include imidazolium, ammonium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, phosphonium, and sulfonium.
- Examples of the imidazolium include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI), 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium (MOI), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-diethylimidazolium, 1 Examples include -propyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, or 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium.
- ammonium examples include tetrabutylammonium, tetraethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, N, N-dimethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium (DEME), trimethylhexylammonium (TMHA), or N, N, N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of pyridinium include 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium and 1-butylpyridinium.
- pyrrolidinium examples include 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (BMP), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium (P13), and the like.
- piperidinium examples include 1-ethyl-1-methylpiperidinium, N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium (PP13), and the like.
- phosphonium examples include triethylmethoxyethylphosphonium (TEMEP), triethylmethylphosphonium, triethylhexylphosphonium, and the like.
- sulfonium examples include triethylsulfonium (TES), triethylmethylsulfonium, triethylhexylsulfonium, and the like.
- Each of these anions and cations may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- BMP-TFSI, EMI-TFSI, TEMEP-TFSI or TES-TFSI is preferable, and BMP-TFSI or EMI-TFSI is more preferable.
- the content of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of flame retardancy, it can be, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, 30 mass% or more is more preferable, and 40 mass or more is further more preferable. Further, the content of the ionic liquid may be 100% by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte, but may be, for example, 99.9% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, or 80% by mass or less. 70 mass% or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery electrolyte can contain a non-fluorinated carbonate compound in addition to the ionic liquid.
- the non-fluorinated carbonate compound may be cyclic or chain-like.
- the cyclic non-fluorinated carbonate compound include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), and the like.
- Examples of the chain non-fluorinated carbonate compound include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), and the like.
- a propylene carbonate derivative etc. are mentioned as mentioned above.
- the content of the non-fluorinated carbonate compound is preferably in the range of 10 to 90% by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and 20 to 80 It is preferable to be in the range of mass%.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery electrolyte preferably contains a fluorinated carbonate compound.
- a fluorinated carbonate compound By adding fluorinated carbonate to the electrolyte of the battery electrolyte, cycle characteristics can be further improved.
- the fluorinated carbonate include those described above, but a fluorinated cyclic carbonate is preferable, and FEC is more preferable.
- the content of the fluorinated carbonate compound is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and preferably 0.2 to 8% by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the range is more preferable, and the range of 1 to 5% by mass is more preferable.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery electrolyte preferably contains a non-fluorinated carbonate compound and a fluorinated carbonate compound in addition to the ionic liquid.
- the content of the ionic liquid is preferably 20 to 89.9% by mass, more preferably 30 to 79.8% by mass, and more preferably 40 to 69% by mass in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. More preferably.
- the content of the non-fluorinated carbonate compound is preferably in the range of 10 to 79.9% by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte, more preferably in the range of 20 to 69.8% by mass, and 30 to 59% by mass. More preferably, it is in the range of%.
- the content of the fluorinated carbonate compound is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass in the non-aqueous electrolyte, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 8% by mass, and 1 to 5% by mass. More preferably, it is the range.
- the electrolyte of the battery electrolyte further includes a supporting salt.
- the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but a lithium salt is preferable.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ), LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 and the like.
- a cyclic Li lithium salt such as LiN (CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 (also referred to as Li-CTFSI) or LiN (CF 2 ) 3 (SO 2 ) 2 may be used.
- LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 also referred to as LiTFSI
- LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 also referred to as LiBETI
- a supporting salt can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte of the battery electrolyte is, for example, in the range of 0.6 to 3M, and preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.2M.
- separator a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used. Moreover, what laminated
- Exterior Body can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolyte of the battery electrolyte and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
- a laminated laminate type secondary battery a laminate film made of aluminum, silica-coated polypropylene, polyethylene, or the like can be used as the outer package.
- an aluminum laminate film from the viewpoint of suppressing volume expansion.
- the secondary battery according to the present embodiment assembles a secondary battery using a negative electrode in which an SEI film is formed on the negative electrode structure using an electrode reaction, and a battery electrolyte. Can be manufactured.
- the SEI film can be formed by an electrode reaction using a film forming electrolyte containing a carbonate compound.
- a method for manufacturing a secondary battery will be described below.
- a cell composed of the obtained negative electrode structure, a separator, and a film forming electrolyte containing lithium metal and a carbonate compound on the counter electrode of the negative electrode structure with the separator interposed therebetween is produced.
- an SEI film is electrochemically formed on the surface of the negative electrode structure to produce a negative electrode.
- the produced negative electrode is taken out from a cell, and a secondary battery is produced using this negative electrode and the above-mentioned electrolyte solution for batteries.
- Example 1 Silicon having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m as the metal (a), amorphous silicon oxide (SiO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) having an average particle diameter of 13 ⁇ m as the metal oxide (b), and carbon material (c) And graphite having an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m were weighed at a mass ratio of 30:55:15. And these materials were mixed by what is called mechanical milling for 24 hours, and the negative electrode active material was obtained. In this negative electrode active material, silicon as the metal (a) is dispersed in silicon oxide (SiO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) as the metal oxide (b).
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried, and further subjected to a heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to prepare a negative electrode structure.
- the content (%) of the negative electrode binder indicates the content (% by mass) of the negative electrode binder in the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode binder.
- a cell composed of the produced negative electrode structure, a separator, and lithium metal and an electrolyte solution for forming a film on the counter electrode of the negative electrode structure with the separator interposed therebetween was produced. Then, in this cell, discharging and charging were repeated in this order for 10 cycles at a rate of 1/10 C to electrochemically form an SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode structure.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for film formation a mixed solution in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) were mixed at a volume ratio of 30:70 was used.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- concentration of the supporting salt was 1 mol / L (1M) in the electrolyte solution for film formation.
- the cut-off potential was set to 0.1 V during discharging and 1.3 V during charging. After the 10th charge, the cell was disassembled to obtain a negative electrode.
- a lithium nickelate as a positive electrode active material LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.15 O 2
- carbon black as conductive auxiliary material
- polyvinylidene fluoride as a positive electrode binder, 90: 5: 5 weight ratio of Weighed with.
- These materials were mixed with n-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried, and further pressed to produce a positive electrode.
- 3 layers of the obtained positive electrode and 4 layers of the negative electrode were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
- the ends of the positive electrode current collector not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector not covered with the negative electrode active material were welded.
- the positive electrode terminal made from aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made from nickel were each welded to the welding location, and the electrode element which has a planar laminated structure was obtained.
- the ionic liquid and the non-fluorinated carbonate compound were mixed at a ratio of 20 parts by mass and 80 parts by mass, respectively, to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte for the battery electrolyte.
- EMI-TFSI was used as the ionic liquid
- LiTFSI as a supporting salt was dissolved at a concentration of 0.8 M (mol / l) in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the battery electrolyte to prepare a battery electrolyte.
- the content (%) indicates the content (% by mass) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the electrode element was wrapped in an aluminum laminate film as an outer package, and a battery electrolyte was poured into the interior, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to produce a secondary battery.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a battery prepared by mixing an ionic liquid and a non-fluorinated carbonate compound at a ratio of 40 parts by mass and 60 parts by mass, respectively, was used. A secondary battery was produced. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 Using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for forming a coating prepared by adding FEC so that the content is 2% by mass in the above-mentioned mixed solution of EC and DEC (volume ratio 30:70), an SEI coating is formed.
- a secondary battery was made in the same manner as Example 2 except that the formed negative electrode was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 Example 2 except that a non-aqueous electrolyte of a battery electrolyte prepared by mixing an ionic liquid, a non-fluorinated carbonate compound and FEC at a ratio of 40 parts by mass, 58 parts by mass and 2 parts by mass was used. A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 Using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for forming a coating prepared by adding FEC so that the content is 2% by mass in the above-mentioned mixed solution of EC and DEC (volume ratio 30:70), an SEI coating is formed.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 Using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for forming a coating prepared by adding FEC so that the content is 2% by mass in the above-mentioned mixed solution of EC and DEC (volume ratio 30:70), an SEI coating is formed. Implementation was performed except that the formed negative electrode was used and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery prepared by mixing 60 parts by mass and 40 parts by mass of an ionic liquid and a non-fluorinated carbonate compound was used. A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 Using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for forming a coating prepared by adding FEC so that the content is 2% by mass in the above-mentioned mixed solution of EC and DEC (volume ratio 30:70), an SEI coating is formed.
- a secondary battery was produced.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that BMP-TFSI was used instead of EMI-TFSI as the ionic liquid. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 9 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that TEMEP-TFSI was used instead of EMI-TFSI as the ionic liquid. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 10 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that TES-TFSI was used instead of EMI-TFSI as the ionic liquid. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 11 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the negative electrode active material prepared by setting the mass ratio of silicon, amorphous silicon oxide, and graphite to 28:52:20 was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 12 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the negative electrode active material prepared by setting the mass ratio of silicon, amorphous silicon oxide, and graphite to 25:50:25 was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 13 In accordance with the method described in Patent Document 3, a negative electrode active material containing silicon, amorphous silicon oxide (SiO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), and carbon in a mass ratio of 30:55:15 was obtained.
- silicon that is metal (a) is dispersed in amorphous silicon oxide that is metal oxide (b).
- the secondary battery was produced and evaluated similarly to Example 3 except having used this negative electrode active material. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 A negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing only a non-fluorinated carbonate compound and a supporting electrolyte containing LiPF 6 (1M) instead of LiTFSI was used.
- a secondary battery was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 A secondary battery in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode and a battery electrolyte containing only a non-fluorinated carbonate compound was used as the nonaqueous electrolyte. Were made and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 A secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 7 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode and a battery electrolyte containing only an ionic liquid was used as the non-aqueous electrolyte. ,evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 A secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the negative electrode structure described in Example 1 was used as the negative electrode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- This embodiment can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source and in industrial fields related to the transport, storage, and supply of electrical energy.
- power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers
- power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
- a backup power source such as a UPS
- a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .
Abstract
Description
負極は、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、及びリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料(c)を含む負極活物質が負極結着剤によって負極集電体と結着された負極構造体に、あらかじめSEI被膜が形成されてなる。本実施形態の二次電池では、このようにあらかじめSEI被膜が形成された負極を用いることにより、イオン液体を含む電池用電解液においても優れたサイクル特性を有することができる。すなわち、二次電池の製造時にあらかじめSEI被膜が形成された負極を用いることにより、初期の充放電時におけるイオン液体の分解を防ぐことができるため、サイクル特性の低下を抑制することができる。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。
本実施形態で用いる電池用電解液は支持塩及び非水電解液からなり、該非水電解液はイオン液体を少なくとも含む。
セパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、電池用電解液の電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、外装体としては、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。特に、体積膨張を抑制する観点から、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
本実施形態の二次電池は、上述の負極構造体に電極反応を用いてSEI被膜を形成した負極と、電池用電解液とを用いて二次電池を組み立てることにより製造することができる。SEI被膜は、上述のように、カーボネート化合物を含む被膜形成用電解液を用いた電極反応により形成することができる。
金属(a)としての平均粒径5μmのシリコンと、金属酸化物(b)としての平均粒径13μmの非晶質酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)と、炭素材料(c)としての平均粒径30μmの黒鉛と、を、30:55:15の質量比で計量した。そして、これら材料をいわゆるメカニカルミリングで24時間混合して、負極活物質を得た。なお、この負極活物質において、金属(a)であるシリコンは、金属酸化物(b)である酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)中に分散している。
(40℃サイクル)
作製した二次電池に対し、40℃に保った恒温槽中で、2.5Vから4.2Vの電圧範囲で充放電を10回繰り返す試験を行い、維持率(%)について評価した。結果を表2に示す。表2において、「維持率(%)」は、(10サイクル目の放電容量)/(2サイクル目の放電容量)(単位:%)を表す。
幅3mm、長さ30mm、厚さ0.7mmのガラス繊維濾紙に、電池用電解液を50μl浸した。ピンセットで当該濾紙の片側をもち、反対側を高さ2cmのガスバーナーの炎に通過させた。ガラス繊維を一瞬炎に通過させて炎から離した後、炎の有無を目視により観察した。ガラス繊維に炎が確認される場合を「可燃」、炎が確認されない場合を「不燃」と判断した。結果を表2に示す。
イオン液体と非フッ素化カーボネート化合物とをそれぞれ40質量部及び60質量部の割合で混合して調製した電池用電解液の非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のECとDECとの混合液(体積比30:70)に含有量が2質量%となるようにFECを添加して調製した被膜形成用電解液の非水電解液を用いてSEI被膜を形成した負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
イオン液体、非フッ素化カーボネート化合物及びFECをそれぞれ40質量部、58質量部及び2質量部の割合で混合して調製した電池用電解液の非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のECとDECとの混合液(体積比30:70)に含有量が2質量%となるようにFECを添加して調製した被膜形成用電解液の非水電解液を用いてSEI被膜を形成した負極を用い、かつ、イオン液体、非フッ素化カーボネート化合物及びFECをそれぞれ40質量部、58質量部及び2質量部の割合で混合して調製した電池用電解液の非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のECとDECとの混合液(体積比30:70)に含有量が2質量%となるようにFECを添加して調製した被膜形成用電解液の非水電解液を用いてSEI被膜を形成した負極を用い、かつ、イオン液体及び非フッ素化カーボネート化合物をそれぞれ60質量部及び40質量部の割合で混合して調製した電池用電解液の非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のECとDECとの混合液(体積比30:70)に含有量が2質量%となるようにFECを添加して調製した被膜形成用電解液の非水電解液を用いてSEI被膜を形成した負極を用い、かつ、イオン液体及びFECをそれぞれ98質量部及び2質量部の割合で混合して調製した電池用電解液の非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
イオン液体としてEMI-TFSIの代わりにBMP-TFSIを用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
イオン液体としてEMI-TFSIの代わりにTEMEP-TFSIを用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
イオン液体としてEMI-TFSIの代わりにTES-TFSIを用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のシリコンと非晶質酸化シリコンと黒鉛との質量比を28:52:20として調製した負極活物質を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
上述のシリコンと非晶質酸化シリコンと黒鉛との質量比を25:50:25として調製した負極活物質を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして二次電池を作製した。評価結果を表2に示す。
特許文献3に記載された方法に準じて、シリコンと非晶質酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)とカーボンとを30:55:15の質量比で含む負極活物質を得た。なお、この負極活物質において、金属(a)であるシリコンは、金属酸化物(b)である非晶質酸化シリコン中に分散している。そして、この負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用い、かつ、非水電解液として非フッ素化カーボネート化合物のみを含み、支持塩としてLiTFSIの代わりにLiPF6(1M)を含む電池用電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用い、かつ、非水電解液として非フッ素化カーボネート化合物のみを含む電池用電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
支持塩としてLiTFSIの代わりにLiPF6(1M)を含む電池用電解液を用いたこと以外は、比較例4と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用い、かつ、非水電解液としてイオン液体のみを含む電池用電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例7と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例1に記載の負極構造体を負極として用いたこと以外は、実施例8と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
EC,DECなどのカーボネート系化合物の電解液を不燃化させるためには、難燃性で不揮発なイオン性液体をある程度混合する必要がある。例えば、TFSIアニオンからなるイオン液体は、熱分解温度が高く比較的熱安定性も高いため、EMI-TFSIを20%混合させたカーボネート系化合物は不燃性を示した(比較例1,2,実施例1)。これは、アニオンにBETIやC-TFSIなどのイミドアニオンに用いた場合にも同様に熱安定性が高いため、効果があると考えられる。
b セパレータ
c 正極
d 負極集電体
e 正極集電体
f 正極端子
g 負極端子
Claims (23)
- 負極と、支持塩及び非水電解液からなる電池用電解液と、を有する二次電池であって、
前記負極は、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、及びリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料(c)を含む負極活物質が負極結着剤によって負極集電体と結着された負極構造体に、あらかじめSEI被膜が形成されてなり、
前記非水電解液はイオン液体を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする二次電池。 - 前記SEI被膜は、非フッ素化カーボネート化合物を含む被膜形成用電解液を用いた電極反応によりあらかじめ形成された請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記被膜形成用電解液は、さらにフッ素化カーボネート化合物を含む請求項2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記被膜形成用電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化カーボネート化合物は、フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物である請求項3に記載の二次電池。
- 前記被膜形成用電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物は、フルオロエチレンカーボネートである請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- 前記イオン液体の含有量が前記非水電解液中10質量%以上である請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、非フッ素化カーボネート化合物を含む請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記イオン液体の前記非水電解液中の含有量が10~90質量%であり、前記非フッ素化カーボネート化合物の前記非水電解液中の含有量が10~90質量%である請求項7に記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、フッ素化カーボネート化合物を含む請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化カーボネート化合物は、フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物である請求項9に記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物は、フルオロエチレンカーボネートである請求項10に記載の二次電池。
- 前記イオン液体の前記非水電解液中の含有量が10~99.9質量%であり、前記フッ素化カーボネート化合物の前記非水電解液中の含有量は0.1~10質量%である請求項9乃至11のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、非フッ素化カーボネート化合物及びフッ素化カーボネート化合物を含む請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化カーボネート化合物は、フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物である請求項13に記載の二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液に含まれる前記フッ素化環状カーボネート化合物は、フルオロエチレンカーボネートである請求項14に記載の二次電池。
- 前記イオン液体の前記非水電解液中の含有量が20~89.9質量%であり、前記非フッ素化カーボネート化合物の前記非水電解液中の含有量が10~79.9質量%であり、前記フッ素化カーボネート化合物の前記非水電解液中の含有量が0.1~10質量%である請求項13乃至15のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物(b)の全部又は一部がアモルファス構造を有する請求項1乃至16のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物(b)が前記金属(a)を構成する金属の酸化物である請求項1乃至17のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属(a)がシリコンである請求項1乃至18のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属(a)の全部又は一部が前記金属酸化物(b)中に分散している請求項1乃至19のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極結着剤がポリイミド又はポリアミドイミドである請求項1乃至20のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 正極および前記負極からなる前記電極素子が平面状の積層構造を有し、前記電極素子および前記電池用電解液を内包する外装体がラミネートフィルムである請求項1乃至21のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 負極と、支持塩及び非水電解液からなる電池用電解液と、を有する二次電池の製造方法であって、
リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、及びリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料(c)を含む負極活物質を負極結着剤を用いて負極集電体に結着して負極構造体を形成する工程と、
該負極構造体にカーボネート化合物を含む被膜形成用電解液を用いた電極反応によりSEI被膜を形成して前記負極を得る工程と、
前記SEI被膜が形成された前記負極と、前記電池用電解液と、を用いて二次電池を組み立てる工程と、
を有し、
前記電池用電解液の前記非水電解液はイオン液体を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。
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WO2021192260A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | TeraWatt Technology株式会社 | 固体電池の製造方法及び固体電池 |
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