WO2012055295A1 - 基于物联网的充换电监控***及方法 - Google Patents

基于物联网的充换电监控***及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012055295A1
WO2012055295A1 PCT/CN2011/079092 CN2011079092W WO2012055295A1 WO 2012055295 A1 WO2012055295 A1 WO 2012055295A1 CN 2011079092 W CN2011079092 W CN 2011079092W WO 2012055295 A1 WO2012055295 A1 WO 2012055295A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
charging
terminal
terminal device
station
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079092
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王相勤
胡江溢
贾俊国
雷宪章
薛飞
连湛伟
武斌
张鹏飞
Original Assignee
国家电网公司
许继集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 国家电网公司, 许继集团有限公司 filed Critical 国家电网公司
Priority to EP11835569.2A priority Critical patent/EP2634889A4/en
Priority to BR112013010506A priority patent/BR112013010506A2/pt
Priority to SG2013032305A priority patent/SG190033A1/en
Publication of WO2012055295A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012055295A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of electric vehicle technology, and in particular, to a charging and switching monitoring system and method based on an object network. Background technique
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a charging and switching monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things, which can interconnect the terminal devices in the electric vehicle charging and replacing system by using the Internet of Things, and replace the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing power station. Conduct effective monitoring.
  • a charging and switching monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, which includes a terminal information collecting device, a charging and switching power station monitoring device and a regional monitoring device, wherein the terminal information collecting device is used for utilizing information sensing.
  • the method performs identification, state information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device, and transmits the acquired identity information of the terminal device to the charging and power station monitoring device through the wired network.
  • a terminal device includes a battery, an in-vehicle terminal, and an electric car.
  • a terminal information collection device includes an information sensing device for performing identity identification, status information collection, and dynamic positioning on a terminal device, and a wireless transmitting device connected to the information sensing device for The acquired status information and location information of the terminal device are transmitted to the area monitoring device through the wireless network.
  • an information sensing apparatus includes an RFID card reader for reading an RFID tag attached to a terminal device to implement identification of the terminal device and to connect the terminal device through a fiber optic network.
  • the identification information is sent to the charging and switching station monitoring device;
  • the battery management system is configured to collect the state information of the battery from the battery, and send the state information of the battery to the wireless transmitting device;
  • the GPS locator is used to dynamically connect the terminal device Positioning is performed, and the positioning information of the terminal device is transmitted to the wireless transmitting device.
  • a charging and power plant monitoring device includes a temperature detector, a humidity detector, a video collector, an analog collector, and a power consumption collector, wherein the temperature detector, the humidity detector, and The video collector is set in the charging and replacing station, and the analog collector and the power collecting device are connected to the charging pile in the charging and replacing station.
  • the area monitoring device includes information receiving means for receiving status information and positioning information of the terminal device from the terminal information collecting device, and a status of the charging and discharging station from the charging and receiving power station monitoring device.
  • the information, the accounting information, and the identification information of the terminal device; the terminal control device is connected to the information receiving device, and is configured to analyze the status information, the positioning information, and the identity identification information of the terminal device, and send the control to the terminal device according to the analysis result.
  • the instruction is used to control the terminal device; the charging and replacing power station control device is connected to the information receiving device, and is used for analyzing the state information of the charging and replacing power station, and issuing a control command to the charging and discharging power station monitoring device according to the analysis result, so as to implement the Charge the control of the power station.
  • a terminal device includes an electric vehicle and a battery that sets a wireless receiving module.
  • the state information of the terminal device includes state information of the battery and a driving state of the vehicle
  • the terminal control device includes a power supply control unit, and the information.
  • the receiving device is connected to control the power supply of the battery to the electric vehicle according to the state information of the battery, the driving state of the vehicle and the positioning information;
  • the peak charge control unit is connected to the information receiving device, and is configured to notify the load data according to the current distribution network Charge and replace the user to guide the user to charge and replace during off-peak hours according to load changes.
  • the state information of the charging and discharging station includes a voltage value and a current value
  • the charging and discharging power station control device includes an alarm triggering unit connected to the information receiving device for receiving the state of the charging and discharging station When the information is abnormal, the abnormal alarm of charging and replacing the power station is triggered.
  • the area monitoring device further includes a vehicle flow predicting device coupled to the information receiving device for predicting the traffic volume based on the road condition and the positioning information of the terminal device.
  • a charging and switching monitoring method based on the Internet of Things comprises using the terminal information collecting device to identify, state information and dynamically locate the terminal device, and obtain the obtained through the wired network.
  • the identification information of the terminal device is transmitted to the charging and switching station monitoring device, and the wireless network will
  • the obtained state information and positioning information of the terminal device are transmitted to the regional monitoring device; the working state of the charging and replacing power station is monitored by the charging and switching power station monitoring device, the charging and charging process is metered and charged, and the monitored charging and replacing power station is monitored.
  • the status information, the obtained metering and charging information, and the received identification information of the terminal device are transmitted to the area monitoring device; the area monitoring device is based on the information from the terminal information collecting device and the information from the charging and switching station monitoring device.
  • the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing station in the area are monitored, and the metering and charging information is statistically calculated.
  • the terminal device includes a battery, a vehicle terminal, and an electric car.
  • the terminal information collecting device includes: an information sensing device, configured to perform identity identification, state information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device; and the wireless transmitting device is connected to the information sensing device. And transmitting the status information and the positioning information of the obtained terminal device to the area monitoring device through the wireless network; wherein the information sensing device comprises an RFID card reader, a GPS locator, and a battery management system.
  • the step of performing identification, status information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device by using the terminal information collection device includes: reading, by using an RFID reader, an RFID tag attached to the terminal device, Realizing the identification of the terminal device, and transmitting the identification information of the terminal device to the charging and power station monitoring device through the optical fiber network; collecting the state information of the battery from the battery by using the battery management system, and transmitting the state information of the battery to the area monitoring Device; dynamically locates the terminal device by using a GPS locator, and transmits the location information of the terminal device to the area monitoring device.
  • the step of monitoring, by the area monitoring device, the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing station in the area under the jurisdiction according to the information from the terminal information collecting device and the information from the charging station monitoring device includes analyzing Status information, location information, and identification information of the terminal device, and end to the analysis result
  • the terminal device issues a control command to control the terminal device; analyzes the state information of the charging and replacing power station, and issues a control command to the charging and discharging power station monitoring device according to the analysis result, so as to realize the control of the charging and replacing power station.
  • the terminal device includes an electric vehicle and a battery that sets the wireless receiving module, and the state information of the terminal device includes state information of the battery and a driving state of the vehicle, and sends a control to the terminal device according to the analysis result.
  • the step of implementing the control of the terminal device comprises: controlling the power supply of the battery to the electric vehicle according to the state information of the battery, the driving state of the vehicle, and the positioning information; notifying the charging and replacing user according to the load data of the current distribution network to guide the user to follow Load changes are charged and replaced during off-peak hours.
  • the state information of the charging and replacing power station includes a voltage value and a current value
  • the step of issuing a control command to the charging and discharging power station monitoring device according to the analysis result to implement the control of the charging and replacing power station includes: When the status information of the received charging and replacing power station is abnormal, the charging and discharging power station abnormal alarm is triggered.
  • the step of monitoring, by the area monitoring device, the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing station in the area under the jurisdiction according to the information from the terminal information collecting device and the information from the charging and switching power monitoring device further includes The positioning and tracking of the terminal are implemented according to the positioning information of the terminal device; the traffic volume is predicted according to the road condition and the positioning information of the terminal device.
  • the IoT-based charging and switching monitoring system and method provided by the company can interconnect various terminal devices through the Internet of Things to meet the needs of users for convenient, fast and free power services.
  • the present disclosure can also centrally monitor and manage the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing power station according to the collected identity information, status information, positioning information of the terminal device and the monitored state information of the charging and replacing power station, thereby implementing the electric vehicle.
  • Intelligent charging and replacement It can be seen that the present disclosure provides effective technical support for building an electric vehicle charging facility for a smart grid, and enriches the application of the smart grid in the field of electricity consumption through electric vehicle charging and exchange management, and promotes the wisdom of the country. The construction of the power grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of an open charge and discharge monitoring system.
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • 4 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • 6 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • 7 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the function of the open charging and switching monitoring system.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a charge and power monitoring method based on the Internet of Things.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the technical implementation of the charging and switching monitoring method based on the Internet of Things. detailed description
  • Open IoT-based charging and switching monitoring system is a new generation of smart grid information
  • An important part of the construction of technology applications, the purpose of building an IoT-based charging and switching monitoring system is to pass radio frequency.
  • RFID Radio Frequency IDentification, RFID
  • infrared sensors global positioning systems, laser scanners, battery management systems and other information sensing devices, according to the agreement, connect electric vehicles, vehicle terminals and batteries and other related objects to the Internet.
  • Information exchange and communication, intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of related objects enabling intelligent management and application of electric vehicle charging and replacement services, and large-scale promotion and charging facilities for electric vehicles
  • Commercial operations provide support.
  • the development of intelligent application of electric vehicles can also promote energy conservation and emission reduction, promote smart grid construction, optimize overall resources, reduce grid operation costs, and improve economic efficiency.
  • a two-way communication network is an important guarantee for achieving the objectives of the present disclosure.
  • the communication technology multiple communication networks are used to realize identity recognition, equipment status monitoring, location tracking, intelligent charging guidance, emergency assistance, billing payment, Operation management and asset scheduling.
  • a CAN (Control Area Network) bus a communication technology such as WIFI or Ethernet, and a public network network such as a GPRS/CDMA/3G communication network, a power distribution network, and a power transmission network can be used to implement charging. Communication and interconnection between terminal devices and between terminal devices and charging and replacing stations in a power switching monitoring system.
  • the charging and discharging monitoring system of this embodiment may include a terminal information collecting device 11, a charging and replacing station monitoring device 12, and a regional monitoring device 13, wherein
  • the terminal information collecting device 11 is connected to the terminal device through the Internet of Things, and is configured to perform identity identification, state information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device by using the information sensing method, and transmit the acquired identity information of the terminal device to the charging through the wired network. Substation monitoring equipment, status information of the terminal equipment acquired through the wireless network And transmitting the positioning information to the area monitoring device;
  • the terminal device may include a battery, an in-vehicle terminal, and an electric vehicle
  • the terminal information collecting device can utilize the information sensing device to perform sensing and identification according to a unified coding specification, and can collect identity information and current working status of the vehicle and the battery, for example, Information such as electricity, current, voltage, temperature, geographical location, etc., and data exchange with the power station monitoring equipment and the regional monitoring equipment through the wired network and the wireless network;
  • the charging and replacing station monitoring device 12 is connected to the terminal information collecting device through a wired network, and is configured to receive identity identification information of the terminal device from the terminal information collecting device, monitor the working state of the charging and replacing power station, and measure the charging and discharging process. Charging, and transmitting the monitored status information of the charging and replacing station, the obtained metering and charging information, and the received identification information of the terminal device to the area monitoring device, wherein the status information of the charging and replacing station may include a charging pile Physical quantities such as voltage and current values;
  • the charging and replacing power station monitoring equipment mainly monitors and manages objects such as charging piles, charging and replacing power stations, and distribution stations, and may include, for example, charging and replacing power station monitoring, battery operation and maintenance management, metering and billing, and service settlement, and upper system. Data services, etc., to achieve convenient, reliable and intelligent management of electric vehicle charging and replacing stations;
  • the working process of the power-changing device can also be monitored.
  • the battery identity can be recognized in real time through the information collecting device on the power-changing device, so as to further organize and manage the battery, the battery life and working environment
  • the difference, performance difference is huge, any combination of different performance batteries will seriously shorten the battery life or damage the battery, the group management requires the same group of battery boxes to always work together, can not be disassembled and mixed, so dynamically identify the battery identity for dynamic monitoring grouping It is especially important;
  • the area monitoring device 13 is connected to the charging and switching station monitoring device through the optical fiber network, and is connected to the terminal information collecting device through the wireless network, and is used according to the information from the terminal.
  • the information of the collecting device and the information from the monitoring device of the charging and replacing station monitor the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing station in the area under the jurisdiction, and statistically measure the charging information.
  • the embodiment can interconnect the related electric vehicles, the battery, the vehicle terminal, the charging and replacing power station, the smart grid and the like with GPRS/3G, WIFI, Internet, etc., to realize the monitoring of the charging and replacing power station and the terminal equipment. .
  • the terminal information collection device 21 of the embodiment may include: an information sensing device 211, configured to perform identity identification, state information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device.
  • an RFID reader, a sensor, a battery management system, etc. can be used to implement identification and status information collection of the terminal device, and an auxiliary GPS method is used to implement dynamic positioning of the terminal device;
  • the wireless transmitting device 212 is connected to the information sensing device 211 for passing no device.
  • the state information and the identity identification information of each terminal device can be collected by the information sensing device, and the collected information is transmitted to the regional monitoring device through the wireless transmitting device, so that the regional monitoring device can implement asset management according to the received information.
  • Logistics distribution and charging status control can be used to control the distribution and charging status control.
  • the information sensing device 31 of this embodiment may include:
  • the RFID card reader 311 is configured to read an RFID tag attached to the terminal device to implement identity identification of the terminal device, and send the identity identification information of the terminal device to the charging and replacing station monitoring device through the optical fiber network;
  • an RFID tag needs to be issued for the terminal device, and the RFID card reader and the like are within the radio frequency identification range of the terminal device with the RFID tag attached.
  • the device sends an identification request signal to the terminal device, and the RFID tag on the terminal device returns the information recorded by the tag to the RFID card reader after receiving the identification request signal; in actual applications, the RFID card reader can be installed in the power exchange
  • the robot's robot can directly identify the identity information of the operated battery during the power-changing operation;
  • the battery management system 312 is configured to collect state information of the battery from the battery, and send the state information of the battery to the wireless transmitting device;
  • the GPS locator 313 is configured to dynamically locate the terminal device and send the location information of the terminal device to the wireless transmitting device.
  • the embodiment uses the Internet of Things technology to obtain identity information, location information, and status information of the terminal device, so that the area monitoring device can locate, track, monitor, and manage the terminal device.
  • the information sensing device may be disposed on the terminal device and the charging and replacing station, for example, the RFID card reader may be disposed on the charging and replacing station, the battery management system is disposed on the battery, and the GPS positioner is disposed at Battery, car terminal or electric car.
  • the charging and discharging station monitoring device may include a temperature detector, a humidity detector, a video collector, an analog collector, and a power consumption collector, wherein the temperature detector The humidity detector and the video collector are arranged in the charging and replacing station, and the analog collector and the power collecting device are connected to the charging pile in the charging and replacing station.
  • the charging and replacing power station monitoring device is responsible for collecting power, current, voltage, temperature and other information data of the power battery, the electric vehicle, the vehicle terminal, and the like, and correlating the collected data.
  • Processing and analysis processing mainly includes: checking the consistency and integrity of the collected data and the data in the system. For example, when charging the electric vehicle, the voltage and current of the battery used by the electric vehicle are obtained, and whether the The parameters of the charging pile are matched. If they are not matched, charging is not allowed.
  • the scattered data of each place is summarized, it needs to be processed and summarized to form data that is more intuitive and convenient for use by the area monitoring equipment.
  • the charging and replacing power station monitoring equipment is also responsible for supporting station-level operation management such as charging and replacing power stations; it is responsible for uploading various service information data such as charging and discharging station monitoring, battery operation and maintenance management, metering and billing and service settlement to the regional monitoring equipment, among which, business information
  • the data may include whether the working state of the charging pile is normal, whether the battery is charged normally, the charging amount, the charging fee, the customer payment situation, etc., and the regional monitoring equipment accepts the query and control of each business information data, which may specifically include charging and discharging the power station monitoring and changing power.
  • the area monitoring device 41 of this embodiment may include:
  • the information receiving device 411 is configured to receive status information and positioning information of the terminal device from the terminal information collecting device, and status information of the charging and discharging station from the charging and receiving station monitoring device (for example, a voltage value, a current value, and a monitored charging device) Information such as the video of the power station), metering and billing information, and identification information of the terminal device;
  • the information receiving device can be implemented by an antenna, a filter, a baseband signal processing circuit, or the like;
  • the terminal control device 412 is connected to the information receiving device 411, and is configured to analyze the status information, the location information, and the identity identification information of the terminal device, and send a control command to the terminal device according to the analysis result, so as to implement control on the terminal device;
  • the charging and replacing power station control device 413 is connected to the information receiving device 411 for analyzing the state information of the charging and replacing power station, and issuing a control command to the charging and discharging power station monitoring device according to the analysis result, so as to realize the control of the charging and replacing power station.
  • the terminal control device and The charging and discharging station control device can be implemented by a signal encoding unit, a mixer, an antenna, etc., and the control command can be, for example, an instruction to terminate charging of the battery.
  • the terminal control device and the charging and replacing power station control device can remotely issue control commands to various types of equipment such as charging and replacing power stations, electric vehicles, batteries, vehicle terminals, etc., according to the working state of the charging and replacing power station uploaded by the charging and switching power station monitoring equipment and
  • the battery status information and the positioning information uploaded by the terminal information collecting device realize centralized monitoring of the charging and replacing power station, the electric vehicle, the battery, etc., and may specifically include monitoring information collection, collecting information management, and information warning and control of the terminal device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • the terminal device of this embodiment may include an electric vehicle and a battery that sets the wireless receiving module, and the status information of the terminal device may include status information of the battery and driving state of the vehicle.
  • the terminal control device 51 may include:
  • the power supply control unit 511 is connected to the information receiving device, and is configured to control the power supply of the battery to the electric vehicle according to the state information of the battery, the running state of the vehicle, and the positioning information;
  • the abnormality information and the fault in the battery state information may be classified according to the danger level, for example, divided into several levels from low to high; the vehicle is in a running or stopped state and a real-time vehicle speed according to the sensor installed on the vehicle, and then reused.
  • the GPS collects the specific geographical location information of the vehicle, and comprehensively analyzes the risk level after the vehicle loses power according to the vehicle speed and the geographical position of the vehicle; for the high-risk situation that the low-level battery is abnormal or the vehicle loses power, the vehicle terminal alarm mode is used to prompt the user to be appropriate.
  • the vehicle terminal informs the user that the system will cut off the power supply after one minute or several minutes, so that the user has a minute or a few minutes of tightness.
  • the peak charge control unit 512 is connected to the information receiving device and configured to notify the charging and recharging user according to the load data of the current distribution network to guide the user to perform charging and discharging during the off-peak hours according to the load change.
  • the peak-peak charging control unit can realize information sharing with the information intranet through two-way interaction with the distribution network, obtain the current distribution network load data from the information intranet in real time, and notify the charging and replacing user in time through wireless or wired mode. Guide customers to arrange charging and switching during off-peak hours according to load changes to achieve peaking: ⁇ .
  • the charging requirements of the electric vehicle can be controlled either directly or indirectly.
  • the direct method establishes communication between each electric vehicle and the grid, and arranges the charging of each vehicle based on the real-time situation of the grid and the information of the online electric vehicle.
  • This model is suitable for a structure with a third-party management platform, and the third-party management platform contracts with the grid and users to define their respective rights and obligations.
  • This model must be based on reliable communications, focusing on grid constraints and requirements, and to some extent reducing the convenience and freedom of electric vehicle users.
  • This mode has a high degree of control over electric vehicles and is suitable for future V2G (Vehicle to
  • the indirect method is to guide the charging behavior of electric vehicle users through electricity price signals (peak and valley electricity prices, time-of-use electricity prices or real-time electricity prices).
  • This model is built in an open power market environment and is suitable for direct contact between power companies or other charging facility owners and users, with a focus on meeting the user's convenience needs and requiring less communication.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the charging and discharging monitoring system of the present disclosure.
  • the state information of the charging and discharging station of this embodiment includes a voltage value and a current value
  • the charging and discharging power station control device 61 may include
  • the alarm triggering unit 611 is connected to the information receiving device, and is configured to trigger the charging and replacing power station operation abnormality alarm when the state information of the received charging and replacing power station is abnormal.
  • Figure 7 is this A schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the public charging and discharging monitoring system.
  • the area monitoring device 71 of this embodiment may further include:
  • the traffic flow predicting device 711 is connected to the information receiving device for predicting the traffic flow based on the road condition and the positioning information of the terminal device.
  • the vehicle traffic prediction device can analyze the road traffic information, the location information of the terminal device, and the data provided by the Geographic Information System (GIS), and predict the overload flow of the vehicle in a certain period of time, thereby expanding the market.
  • GIS Geographic Information System
  • Order charging and charging line optimization provide reference and use value.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the function of the open charging and switching monitoring system.
  • the charging and receiving power station monitoring system can be designed as follows: The charging and switching monitoring system can be divided into three layers from bottom to top: terminal equipment layer, station level management layer, and regional management layer (ie, operation management) Center), where the regional management can be divided into two parts: the provincial management system and the headquarters management system.
  • the charging and switching monitoring system can be divided into three layers from bottom to top: terminal equipment layer, station level management layer, and regional management layer (ie, operation management) Center), where the regional management can be divided into two parts: the provincial management system and the headquarters management system.
  • Equipment and terminals for identifying, collecting, and processing basic data related to system operation including power batteries, electric vehicles, and vehicle terminals. It can use information sensing technology to sense and identify according to uniform coding specifications, and can collect current working status of vehicles and batteries, such as power, current, voltage, temperature, geographical location, etc., and can communicate via wired or wireless. Means to interact with the station management layer for data interaction.
  • Regional management It is deployed on the station-level management layer to manage the operation of related charging and replacing services in a specific geographical area.
  • the regional management team should provide an information interaction interface with the relevant grid operation management system.
  • Regional management can be divided into provincial management systems and headquarters management systems.
  • the provincial management system is responsible for monitoring and managing the operations of the company's related charging and replacing services, collecting user business information, settlement information, operational information and customer service information in the areas under its jurisdiction, and providing mass storage of these information to realize inter-station data. Sharing, and on the basis of in-depth analysis, is responsible for the decision-making and scheduling of global business in the region, including billing settlement, operation management, asset management, logistics deployment and customer service.
  • the provincial management system is also responsible for submitting macro statistical information, including operational status and asset status, to the headquarters management system.
  • the headquarters management system is the only central level monitoring and management system within the jurisdiction of the State Grid. In principle, the headquarters management system does not participate in specific operational decisions for charging and replacing services.
  • the headquarters management system collects macro statistical information such as operational status and asset status from provincial management systems as a basis for planning the development and construction of system-wide services.
  • the head office management system is responsible for the information transfer and coordination of inter-provincial services, and formulates the billing and settlement of inter-provincial services and the principles of asset relationship processing.
  • the technology framework of the charging and switching monitoring system based on the Internet of Things may include the terminal equipment layer technical framework, the station level management technical framework, and the regional management layer technical framework.
  • the terminal device layer technology framework using RFID, sensors, image recognition technology, etc. to achieve management object identification and information collection;
  • Station-level management technical framework Using GPRS/3G, WiFi, Internet and other communication technologies, interconnecting related vehicles such as electric vehicles, power batteries, charging facilities, user owners, smart grids, etc. to realize charging stations or power stations industry Handling and management;
  • Regional management technical framework Using computer information integration technology, on the information private network or Internet ⁇ fill, realize the automatic operation and management of the IoT-based charging and switching monitoring system.
  • the main functions of the regional management include customer service management, metering and billing management, billing and settlement management, asset management, logistics and distribution, maintenance management, centralized monitoring, comprehensive statistical analysis, and system management.
  • the main functions of the station management include charging station monitoring and power exchange services.
  • the main functions of the terminal equipment layer include battery identification, battery location tracking, battery status information collection, vehicle identification, and vehicle dynamic positioning.
  • the headquarters management system in the regional management layer ie, the Operations Management Center
  • the Operations Management Center can perform the following functions: ( al ) Comprehensive statistical analysis
  • the headquarters will coordinate and provide the property rights change and fund transfer of the battery equipment between the provinces.
  • the provincial management system in the regional management layer can achieve the following functions:
  • service channels such as business hall, call center, guest website, self-service terminal, on-site and letter acceptance, unified account acceptance for customer account opening, change, account cancellation, contract management, charge/replacement, fee payment, business consultation, information inquiry, fault repair , emergency assistance, complaints, reports, suggestions, compliments, opinions, subscriptions, etc.
  • service processing it is necessary to track and supervise the handling of service requests, and to supervise service quality.
  • the customer After the service processing is finished, the customer returns to the customer to understand the customer's satisfaction with the service request processing and form a closed-loop management.
  • customers can provide on-site services such as battery replacement and battery failure repair.
  • it may include various management service channels such as account opening management, change management, contract management, call center, customer service website, self-service terminal, intelligent interactive terminal, and on-site service, and related applications.
  • the metering and charging standards are formulated and released, and various expenses incurred during the charging and replacing process of users (batteries, electric vehicles, etc.) are calculated according to the metering and charging standards, and the calculation results are reviewed, and found during the auditing process.
  • Abnormal the corresponding processing to ensure the standardization, correctness and integrity of charging and charging. Specifically, it may include billing policy standard management, customer billing model management, fee settlement, audit management, and the like.
  • the accounting management system with equal borrowing and lending establishes the accounting management system to realize the prepaid management of users, the fund disbursement, cost accounting and reconciliation management between management units at all levels, and the reconciliation management between management units and banks at all levels. jobs. Specifically, it can include customer payment management and business payment. Fee management, accounting management.
  • the regional monitoring equipment collects the position of these vehicles in the process of distributing the battery in real time, and combines the visual display of the GIS system to conveniently locate and track the location of the logistics vehicle, the distribution route and the electric vehicle battery. Status and other information. ( b7 ) Maintenance management
  • the device can be remotely issued to charge and replace various types of equipment such as power stations, vehicles, batteries, etc., and can also be actively uploaded through the above devices, and finally receive real-time status, video and other information and user terminal layers of the charging and replacing equipment uploaded by the station level management layer.
  • Uploaded battery status information to achieve centralized monitoring of power stations, vehicles, batteries, etc. Specifically, it can include monitoring information collection, collection information management, station level management layer and user terminal layer information warning and control.
  • the organization and personnel maintenance, role definition and permission item configuration at all levels are completed; the definition and release of various business workflows such as account opening and change are realized through graphical process modeling; Configuration management of system standard code and business rules; post-tracking of system business processing through log records; timely reminder and reminder of service handling through message service to loosely couple integration between modules of the system.
  • it may include operator management, role definition, permission item definition, process management, system 4* configuration, message service, and the like.
  • Real-time tracking and display of the vehicle's running process processing vehicle operation information from the vehicle terminal, combined with RS (Remote Sensing), GPS and GIS to realize modern vehicle management, including traffic safety monitoring management, operation management, service quality management, and intelligence Centralized dispatch management, etc., to realize the playback of the vehicle's trajectory, and to provide value-added services such as the best route service and the recent charging and replacement of the power station intelligent reminder in combination with the weather condition information.
  • RS Remote Sensing
  • GPS and GIS to realize modern vehicle management, including traffic safety monitoring management, operation management, service quality management, and intelligence Centralized dispatch management, etc.
  • Station level management can achieve the following functions:
  • the monitoring system of the charging and replacing power station may include a monitoring system, which may further include a charging monitoring system, a power supply monitoring system, a security monitoring system, etc., and has a remote transmission interface.
  • the charging monitoring system can realize the operation and charging process of the off-board charger Monitoring, control, and data storage and management;
  • the power supply monitoring system can monitor and control the power supply status, power quality, and equipment operating status;
  • the security monitoring system can realize environmental monitoring, equipment safety monitoring, and fire monitoring of the charging station. Anti-theft monitoring, etc.
  • the real-time statistics summarize the charging and replacing situation, summarize the data to the superior, supervise the development of the local business, and communicate the latest power information to the user.
  • the main functions of the power station business are: Incoming battery charging/pointing, safe and economical charging and management of the battery, discharging the charged battery as needed, and replacing the charged battery with the electric vehicle as needed.
  • equipment inspection can be divided into regular inspection, fault inspection, special inspection, and inspection tour. It is possible to increase, modify, delete, query, etc. the patrol records of different categories of devices according to the privilege. It can realize the download and upload of the device tour record template between the PC and the PDA.
  • Equipment overhaul can include overhaul plans and equipment overhauls.
  • Reporting damage/retirement can realize the operation of filling, applying, and approving the asset loss/rejection order according to different authority through the process engine; able to query the loss/reduction order according to different conditions; automatically modify the running management asset account after the process is terminated status.
  • the defect record in the station can realize the filling, processing, and elimination of the defect record according to different permissions through the process engine; the defect record can be queried according to different conditions.
  • the terminal device layer can implement the following functions:
  • the battery positioning is realized by the positioning information module or other positioning technology on the battery, and the position information is transmitted to the area monitoring device in real time to realize real-time tracking of the battery.
  • the battery management system can reliably perform real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of the battery state during the operation of the vehicle, and inform the vehicle terminal through a bus to adopt a more reasonable control strategy to achieve efficient and efficient use of the battery. Its main functions include real-time monitoring of battery status, data processing, fault analysis and positioning, charge status estimation, data transfer, thermal management, charge and discharge control, operational data storage, data dump and database management.
  • the vehicle terminal communicates with the battery management system through the CAN bus to obtain operating parameters of the battery, including battery rated capacity, actual capacity, discharge cycle life, rated voltage, and estimated remaining capacity.
  • the RFID vehicle's intelligent vehicle-mounted terminal embeds an RFID-enabled RFID tag or chip that automatically recognizes the identity of the vehicle as it travels to the location with the identifier.
  • the identifier in the station can automatically identify the owner and use the battery information to intelligently guide the vehicle to receive related services.
  • the identifier of the highway intersection can automatically read the vehicle information and complete the automatic payment. Fee function, etc.
  • Obtain vehicle position information through GPS or other positioning technology, and display the position and running status of the vehicle in real time on the electronic map, for example, longitude, latitude, speed, state, time, date, etc., which can be different in different colors. Status information to form an intuitive trajectory.
  • the regional monitoring equipment obtains the congestion status of the current road condition by analyzing the distribution of all the vehicle locations, and sends the data to the vehicle terminal to provide the road condition information prompting for the user.
  • the area monitoring equipment comprehensively analyzes and finds the nearest charging and replacing station near the current position of the vehicle, and transmits the position of the charging and replacing station to the vehicle-mounted terminal.
  • the vehicle terminal sends a request to upload the destination information to be transmitted to the regional monitoring device, and the regional monitoring device combines the weather condition and the road condition information to analyze the optimal path to the destination, and delivers the route through real-time interaction. Go to the car terminal.
  • the dynamic charging plan is provided to the user for reference through the vehicle terminal in combination with the peak-to-valley price.
  • the system automatically records the specific location, time and other information of the vehicle and plays it back on the electronic map of the terminal to facilitate the analysis of the situation. After the vehicle completes a certain exercise, its driving route will be saved. If necessary, the running trajectory of the vehicle and the geographical information at that time can be redisplayed on various layers of the electronic map. Between, you can adjust the playback time and:.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a charge and power monitoring method based on the Internet of Things.
  • this embodiment may include the following steps:
  • S102 using the terminal information collection device to perform identity identification, state information collection, and dynamic positioning on the terminal device, and transmitting the acquired identity information of the terminal device to the charging and replacing station monitoring device through the wired network, and acquiring the terminal device through the wireless network.
  • Status information and positioning information are transmitted to the area monitoring device;
  • the RFID tag attached to the terminal device can be read by the RFID card reader to realize the identity identification of the terminal device, and the identity identification information of the terminal device is sent to the charging and replacing station monitoring device through the optical fiber network;
  • the management system collects the status information of the battery from the battery, and sends the status information of the battery to the area monitoring device; dynamically locates the terminal device by using the GPS locator, and sends the positioning information of the terminal device to the area monitoring device;
  • the regional monitoring device monitors the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing power station in the area under the jurisdiction according to the information from the terminal information collecting device and the information of the self-charging and replacing the power station monitoring device, and statistically measures the charging information;
  • the status information, the location information, and the identity identification information of the terminal device may be analyzed, and a control instruction is sent to the terminal device according to the analysis result, so as to implement control on the terminal device.
  • a control instruction is sent to the terminal device according to the analysis result, so as to implement control on the terminal device.
  • the positioning information the positioning and the terminal of the terminal device are realized.
  • the existing electric vehicle charging method is the instant charging mode. When the electric vehicle is connected to the power grid, it is charged immediately, without any charging control. Just like a conventional electric equipment, obviously, this method will further increase at the peak load.
  • the current distribution network load data is obtained from the information intranet in real time, and the charging and replacing users are notified in time through wireless or wired mode, and the customer is guided to arrange charging and discharging according to the load change during off-peak hours. It can achieve the purpose of cutting peaks and filling valleys.
  • the various expenses incurred during the charging and replacing process of the user can be calculated, and the calculation result is reviewed. When an abnormality is found during the auditing process, corresponding processing is performed. Ensure the standardization, correctness and integrity of charging and charging.
  • the status information of the charging and replacing station can be analyzed, and the control command is issued to the charging station monitoring device according to the analysis result to realize the control of the charging and replacing station.
  • the status information of the charging and replacing station may include a voltage value and a current value, and trigger an abnormal operation alarm of the charging and replacing power station when the state information of the receiving charging station is abnormal.
  • the step of monitoring the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing station in the area under the jurisdiction may further include: performing positioning and tracking of the terminal according to the positioning information of the terminal device; and predicting the traffic volume according to the road condition and the positioning information of the terminal device.
  • the area monitoring device can also perform charging according to the charging standard and the charging amount of the charging and replacing process.
  • the area monitoring device may further send a query instruction to the terminal information collecting device and/or the charging station monitoring device by using a remote manner, and obtain information to be queried through the received information.
  • the terminal device may include a battery, an in-vehicle terminal, and an electric car.
  • the terminal information collecting device may include an information sensing device, configured to identify, state information, and dynamically locate the terminal device; the wireless transmitting device, and the information sensing device The device is connected to transmit the acquired state information and location information of the terminal device to the area monitoring device by using a wireless network; wherein the information sensing device may include
  • RFID reader GPS locator and battery management system.
  • the embodiment utilizes the Internet of Things technology to realize the intelligentization and interaction of the charging and discharging monitoring system.
  • the related state of the electric vehicle can be sensed in real time by using the related technologies of the Internet of Things.
  • the state of use of the battery through the monitoring of the working state of the charging and replacing power station, the supply status of the power supply and the current network energy is known, and the comprehensive monitoring and analysis of the electric vehicle and the charging and replacing power station is realized, and the asset management intensive and warehouse management are simplified.
  • the monitoring of charging and discharging can be achieved by the following steps:
  • Step 1 The terminal information collecting device uses the means of sensing, capturing, and measuring, such as RFID, GPS, and sensors, to user information (for example, user ID, user name, contact information, ID number, etc.) and device parameter information (for example, a battery).
  • user information for example, user ID, user name, contact information, ID number, etc.
  • device parameter information for example, a battery
  • the temperature, voltage, current; model of the electric vehicle, etc.) for information acquisition and acquisition specifically, after the RFID tag i ⁇ AJt field, the RFID reader emits a radio frequency signal, and the RFID tag (which may be a passive tag or a passive tag)
  • the RFID tag (which may be a passive tag or a passive tag)
  • the product obtained by the induced current transmits the product information stored in the chip, or the RFID tag (which may be an active tag or an active tag) actively transmits a signal of a certain frequency; the RFID reader reads the information and after decoding Data processing is carried out by charging and replacing the monitoring equipment of the power station;
  • Step 2 The charging and replacing power station monitoring equipment accesses the information network through the telecommunication network and the Internet, and the terminal equipment and the charging and replacing power station can access the information network, so that reliable information interaction can be performed anytime and anywhere. And sharing;
  • Step 3 The regional monitoring equipment uses various intelligent computing technologies such as cloud computing and fuzzy recognition to analyze and process massive amounts of data and information across regions, industries, and departments to achieve intelligent decision-making on terminal equipment and charging and replacing power stations. And control.
  • intelligent computing technologies such as cloud computing and fuzzy recognition to analyze and process massive amounts of data and information across regions, industries, and departments to achieve intelligent decision-making on terminal equipment and charging and replacing power stations. And control.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the technical implementation of the charging and switching monitoring method based on the Internet of Things.
  • interface control, business logic, and data mapping can be separated by multi-layer architecture component technology, which can be divided into client layer, interface control layer, business logic layer, and data layer (including data mapping layer and data source). And the infrastructure platform, through the bearer relationship of services between the various system components, to achieve system functions.
  • Clients for accessing applications and handling human interaction including browsers, desktop applications, wireless applications, and more.
  • Access service layer Supports various access modes such as internal network, E-mail, external website, telephone, SMS and fax, providing unified authentication and authorization, service scheduling, access monitoring and other services. Realize the association and control of the interactive interface.
  • the MVC Model-View-Controller
  • JSP Java Server Pages
  • the service agent unit is composed.
  • the display of the interface is completed by the JSP webpage component, and the specific operation on the webpage is completed by the page operation component calling the specific service of the business logic layer by the service proxy unit, and the page controller component is responsible for uniformly calling different page operation components and JSP page components.
  • Dedicated applications can be created for certain special services that require a large amount of data to be displayed and processed (eg For example, Applet) handles.
  • Business processing logic specific business logic implementation, including customer development management, asset management, logistics management, charge/replacement management, logistics management, call center, billing management, settlement management, customer data file management, etc. Business processing logic.
  • System application support Provide unified shared public service and platform support for each component, including workflow management, organization personnel, authority service, parameter management, service monitoring, security authentication, message service and log service, etc. Flexibility and scalability.
  • the data layer consists of a data mapping layer and a data source.
  • the data mapping layer completes the access encapsulation of the data source and makes the design and implementation of the business logic layer more focused on the functions of the system itself.
  • the existence of the data mapping layer shields the business logic layer from the underlying data storage form, enabling the application system to adapt to multiple types of databases.
  • Data sources mainly include: databases, in-memory data, message queues, disk files, and more.
  • the infrastructure mainly includes platforms such as network, host, storage, backup, and voice access.
  • the above-mentioned multi-layer structure charging and replacing system separates the interface control, the business logic and the data mapping by component technology, and realizes the internal coordination of the system to flexibly and quickly respond to the demand of the system for the business change.
  • the present disclosure integrates a variety of charging and charging stations and charging facilities into a complete service network system, transforms battery asset relationships, and uses advanced sensing and communication technologies to coordinate, schedule, and manage the power services of electric vehicles globally to ensure Use Flexible and fast service.
  • the opening will fill the gap in the operation and management of domestic intelligent electric vehicles, meet the actual needs of the promotion and operation of electric vehicles, further promote the industrialization development of electric vehicles in China, increase the proportion of electric energy in terminal energy consumption, and promote the replacement of petrochemical energy by electric energy in the transportation field.
  • the development process has promoted the further expansion of electric public energy services into the transportation sector.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

基于物联网的充换电监控***及方法 技术领域
本公开涉及电动汽车技术领域， 特别地， 涉及一种基于物联 网的充换电监控***及方法。 背景技术
目前， 我国和世界各地都已经建立了一定数量的充电站和充 电设施， 但我国现有的电动汽车充电设施大部分服务于特定对 象， 并未进行商业运营， 电动公交线路的充电站、 奥运电动公交 充电站等属于各企业电动汽车示范运行的配套工程， 并没有对社 会开放充电服务。 这些充电站独立运行和服务的方式难以满足广 大电动汽车用户对方便、 快捷、 自由的动力服务的需求。
此外， 电动汽车充电设施作为电网的一部分， 其运行和使用 都和电网的安全运行密切相关。 但是， 由于各充电站的独立运行 和服务使得电网的管理***不能对各个充电站进行有效的监控和 管理。 发明内容
本公开要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种基于物联网的充换 电监控***及方法， 能够利用物联网将电动汽车充换电***中的 终端设备互连， 并对终端设备和充换电站进行有效地监控。
根据^开的一方面， 提出了一种基于物联网的充换电监控 ***， 包括终端信息采集设备、 充换电站监控设备以及区域监控 设备， 其中， 终端信息采集设备， 用于利用信息传感方式对终端 设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位， 通过有线网络 将获取的终端设备的身份识别信息传输至充换电站监控设备 , 通 过无线网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域 监控设备； 充换电站监控设备， 用于接收来自终端信息采集设备 的终端设备的身份识别信息、 对充换电站的工作状态进行监控、 对充换电过程进行计量计费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态信 息、 所获得的计量计费信息以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别信 息传输至区域监控设备； 区域监控设备， 用于根据来自终端信息 采集设备的信息和来自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的 终端设备和充换电站进行监控， 并统计计量计费信息。
根据本公开一方面的一个实施例， 终端设备包括电池、 车载 终端和电动汽车。
根据本公开一方面的另一实施例， 终端信息采集设备包括信 息传感装置， 用于对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及 动态定位； 无线发射装置， 与信息传感装置相连， 用于通过无线 网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域监控设 备。
根据本公开一方面的又一实施例， 信息传感装置包括 RFID 读卡器， 用于读取贴在终端设备上的 RFID标签， 以实现对终端 设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将终端设备的身份识别信息发 送至充换电站监控设备； 电池管理***， 用于从电池中采集电池 的状态信息， 并将电池的状态信息发送至无线发射装置； GPS 定 位器， 用于动态地对终端设备进行定位， 并将终端设备的定位信 息发送至无线发射装置。
根据本公开一方面的再一实施例， 充换电站监控设备包括温 度探测器、 湿度探测器、 视频采集器、 模拟量采集器和用电量采 集器， 其中， 温度探测器、 湿度探测器和视频采集器设置在充换 电站内， 模拟量采集器和用电量采集器与充换电站内的充电桩相 连。 根据本公开一方面的再一实施例， 区域监控设备包括信息接 收装置， 用于接收来自终端信息采集设备的终端设备的状态信息 和定位信息， 以及来自充换电站监控设备的充换电站的状态信 息、 计量计费信息和终端设备的身份识别信息； 终端控制装置， 与信息接收装置相连， 用于分析终端设备的状态信息、 定位信息 以及身份识别信息， 并根据分析结果向终端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对终端设备的控制； 充换电站控制装置， 与信息接收装置 相连， 用于分析充换电站的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向充换电 站监控设备下发控制指令， 以实现对充换电站的控制。
根据本公开一方面的再一实施例， 终端设备包括电动汽车和 设置无线接收模块的电池， 终端设备的状态信息包括电池的状态 信息和车辆的行驶状态， 终端控制装置包括供电控制单元， 与信 息接收装置相连， 用于根据电池的状态信息、 车辆的行驶状态以 及定位信息控制电池对电动汽车的供电； 错峰充电控制单元， 与 信息接收装置相连， 用于根据当前配电网的负荷数据通知充换电 用户以引导用户按照负荷变化在非高峰时段进行充换电。
根据本公开一方面的再一实施例， 充换电站的状态信息包括 电压值和电流值， 充换电站控制装置包括报警触发单元， 与信息 接收装置相连， 用于在接收的充换电站的状态信息异常时触发充 换电站工作异常报警。
根据本公开一方面的再一实施例， 区域监控设备还包括车流 量预测装置， 与信息接收装置相连， 用于根据道路状况和终端设 备的定位信息预测车流量。
根据 ^开的另一方面， 还提出了一种基于物联网的充换电 监控方法， 包括利用终端信息采集设备对终端设备进行身份识 别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位， 并通过有线网络将获取的终端 设备的身份识别信息传输至充换电站监控设备， 通过无线网络将 获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域监控设备； 利 用充换电站监控设备对充换电站的工作状态进行监控、 对充换电 过程进行计量计费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态信息、 所获得 的计量计费信息以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别信息传输至区 域监控设备； 区域监控设备根据来自终端信息采集设备的信息和 来自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设备和充换电 站进行监控， 并统计计量计费信息。
根据本公开另一方面的一个实施例， 终端设备包括电池、 车 载终端和电动汽车。
根据本公开另一方面的另一实施例， 终端信息采集设备包 括： 信息传感装置， 用于对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采 集以及动态定位； 无线发射装置， 与信息传感装置相连， 用于通 过无线网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域 监控设备； 其中， 信息传感装置包括 RFID读卡器、 GPS*** 以及电池管理***。
根据本公开另一方面的又一实施例， 利用终端信息采集设备 对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位的步骤包 括利用 RFID读卡器读取贴在终端设备上的 RFID标签， 以实现 对终端设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将终端设备的身份识别 信息发送至充换电站监控设备； 利用电池管理***从电池中采集 电池的状态信息， 并将电池的状态信息发送至区域监控设备； 利 用 GPS ***动态地对终端设备进行定位， 并将终端设备的定 位信息发送至区域监控设备。
根据本公开另一方面的再一实施例， 区域监控设备根据来自 终端信息采集设备的信息和来自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖 区域内的终端设备和充换电站进行监控的步骤包括分析终端设备 的状态信息、 定位信息以及身份识别信息， 并根据分析结果向终 端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对终端设备的控制； 分析充换电站 的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向充换电站监控设备下发控制指 令， 以实现对充换电站的控制。
根据本公开另一方面的再一实施例， 终端设备包括电动汽车 和设置无线接收模块的电池， 终端设备的状态信息包括电池的状 态信息和车辆的行驶状态， 根据分析结果向终端设备下发控制指 令， 以实现对终端设备的控制的步骤包括根据电池的状态信息、 车辆的行驶状态以及定位信息控制电池对电动汽车的供电； 根据 当前配电网的负荷数据通知充换电用户以引导用户按照负荷变化 在非高峰时段进行充换电。
根据本公开另一方面的再一实施例， 充换电站的状态信息包 括电压值和电流值， 根据分析结果向充换电站监控设备下发控制 指令， 以实现对充换电站的控制的步骤包括在接收的充换电站的 状态信息异常时触发充换电站工作异常报警。
根据本公开另一方面的再一实施例， 区域监控设备根据来自 终端信息采集设备的信息和来自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖 区域内的终端设备和充换电站进行监控的步骤还包括根据终端设 备的定位信息实现对终端的定位与跟踪； 根据道路状况和终端设 备的定位信息预测车流量。
开提供的基于物联网的充换电监控***及方法， 能够通 过物联网将各个终端设备互联互通， 以满足用户对方便、 快捷、 自由的动力服务的需求。 同时， 本公开还可以根据采集的终端设 备的身份识别信息、 状态信息、 定位信息以及监控到的充换电站 的状态信息对终端设备和充换电站进行集中的监控和管理， 进而 实现电动汽车的智能化充换电。 由此可见， 本公开为建设面向智 能电网的电动汽车充电设施提供了有效的技术支撑， 通过电动汽 车充换电管理来丰富智能电网在用电领域的应用， 推动了我国智 能电网的建设。 附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解， 构成本 申请的一部分。 在附图中：
图 1是本公开充换电监控***的一个实施例的结构示意图。 图 2是 开充换电监控***的另一实施例的结构示意图。 图 3是本公开充换电监控***的又一实施例的结构示意图。 图 4是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 图 5是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 图 6是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 图 7是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 图 8是 ^开充换电监控***的功能描述示意图。
图 9是 开基于物联网的充换电监控方法的一个实施例的 流程示意图。
图 10是 开基于物联网的充换电监控方法的技术实现原 理示意图。 具体实施方式
下面参照附图对本公开进行更全面的描述， 其中说明本公开 的示例性实施例。 本公开的示例性实施例及其说明用于解释本发 明， 但并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
在电动汽车规模化应用前景下， 充换电设施必然由示范运行 向商业运营转变， 因而需要对终端设备和充换电站进行监控和管 理， 建立统一规范的充换电监控***以支持规模化电动汽车的充 换电服务需求。
^开基于物联网的充换电监控***是新一代智能电网信息 技术应用建设的重要组成部分， 建设基于物联网的充换电监控系 统的目的是通过射频 。、别 （Radio Frequency IDentification， RFID ) 、 红外感应器、 全球定位***、 激光扫描器、 电池管理 ***等信息传感设备， 按约定协议， 将电动汽车、 车载终端和电 池等相关物体与互联网相连接， 进行信息交换和通信， 建立对相 关物体的智能化识别、 定位、 跟踪、 监控和管理， 从而可以实现 电动汽车充换电相关服务的智能化管理和应用， 为电动汽车规模 化推广和充电设施商业运营提供支持。 同时， 开展电动汽车智能 化应用还能够促进节能减排， 推动智能电网建设， 实现整体资源 的优化， 降低电网运营成本， 提高经济效益等。
双向的通信网络是实现本公开目的的重要保障。 根据电动汽 车充换电的业务分布、 业务流向和通信需求情况综合运用多种通 信技术、 多个通信网络实现身份识别、 设备状态监测、 定位跟 踪、 充电智能导引、 紧急救助、 计费缴费、 运行管理和资产调度 等。 具体地， 可以利用 CAN ( Control Area Network ) 总线、 WIFI、 以太网等通信技术， 并结合 GPRS/CDMA/3G 通信网等 公网网络、 配电通信网和电力传输网等电力专网网络实现充换电 监控***中终端设备之间、 以及终端设备与充换电站之间的通信 和互连。
图 1是本公开充换电监控***的一个实施例的结构示意图。 如图 1 所示， 该实施例的充换电监控***可以包括终端信息 采集设备 11、 充换电站监控设备 12 以及区域监控设备 13, 其 中，
终端信息采集设备 11 , 通过物联网与终端设备相连， 用于利 用信息传感方式对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及动 态定位， 通过有线网络将获取的终端设备的身份识别信息传输至 充换电站监控设备， 通过无线网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息 和定位信息传输至区域监控设备；
例如， 终端设备可以包括电池、 车载终端和电动汽车， 终端 信息采集设备能够利用信息传感设备按照统一的编码规范进行感 知与识别， 并能够采集车辆和电池的身份信息与当前工作状态， 例如， 电量、 电流、 电压、 温度、 地理位置等信息， 并可以通过 有线网络和无线网络分别与充换电站监控设备和区域监控设备进 行数据交互；
充换电站监控设备 12, 通过有线网络与终端信息采集设备相 连， 用于接收来自终端信息采集设备的终端设备的身份识别信 息、 对充换电站的工作状态进行监控、 对充换电过程进行计量计 费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态信息、 所获得的计量计费信息 以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别信息传输至区域监控设备， 其 中， 充换电站的状态信息可以包括充电桩的电压值和电流值等物 理量；
具体地， 充换电站监控设备主要对充电桩、 充换电站、 配送 站等对象进行监控和管理， 例如， 可以包括充换电站监控、 电池 运维管理、 计量计费与服务结算、 对上级***的数据服务等， 实 现对电动汽车充换电站等便捷、 可靠和智能化的管理；
此外， 还可以对换电设备的工作过程进行监控， 例如， 在换 电过程中可以通过换电设备上的信息采集装置实时识别电池身 份， 以进一步对电池进行编组管理， 电池由于寿命和工作环境的 差异， 性能差异巨大， 不同性能的电池任意混合使用会严重缩短 电池寿命或损坏电池， 编组管理要求同一组电池箱始终在一起工 作， 不能被拆散混合， 所以动态地识别电池身份对于动态监视编 组就显得尤为重要；
区域监控设备 13， 通过光纤网络与充换电站监控设备相连， 通过无线网络与终端信息采集设备相连， 用于根据来自终端信息 采集设备的信息和来自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的 终端设备和充换电站进行监控， 并统计计量计费信息。
该实施例可以利用 GPRS/3G、 WIFI、 Internet 等将具有身 份标识的电动汽车、 电池、 车载终端、 充换电站、 智能电网等相 关主体进行互连， 以实现对充换电站和终端设备的监控。
图 2是 开充换电监控***的另一实施例的结构示意图。 如图 2所示， 与图 1 中的实施例相比， 该实施例的终端信息 采集设备 21可以包括： 信息传感装置 211 , 用于对终端设备进行 身份识别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位， 例如， 可以利用 RFID 读卡器、 传感器、 电池管理***等实现对终端设备的身份识别和 状态信息采集， 利用辅助 GPS 方式实现对终端设备的动态定 位；
无线发射装置 212, 与信息传感装置 211 相连， 用于通过无 设备。
该实施例可以通过信息传感装置采集各个终端设备的状态信 息和身份识别信息， 并通过无线发射装置将采集到信息传输至区 域监控设备， 使得区域监控设备能够根据接收的信息等实现资产 管理、 物流配送和充电状态控制等。
图 3是本公开充换电监控***的又一实施例的结构示意图。 如图 3所示， 与图 2中的实施例相比， 该实施例的信息传感 装置 31可以包括：
RFID读卡器 311 , 用于读取贴在终端设备上的 RFID标签， 以实现对终端设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将终端设备的身 份识别信息发送至充换电站监控设备；
举例说明， 首先需要为终端设备发放 RFID 标签， 在贴有 RFID标签的终端设备 射频识别范围内时， RFID读卡器等识 别装置向终端设备发送识别请求信号， 终端设备上的 RFID标签 在收到识别请求信号后， 向 RFID读卡器返回标签记载的信息； 在实际应用中， 可以将 RFID读卡器安装在换电机器人的机械手 上， 在换电操作过程中可以直接识别出***作电池的身份信息； 电池管理*** 312, 用于从电池中采集电池的状态信息， 并 将电池的状态信息发送至无线发射装置；
GPS *** 313， 用于动态地对终端设备进行定位， 并将终 端设备的定位信息发送至无线发射装置。
该实施例利用物联网技术获取终端设备的身份信息、 定位信 息和状态信息， 以便于区域监控设备实现对终端设备的定位、 跟 踪、 监控和管理。 可选地， 可以将信息传感装置设置在终端设备 和充换电站上， 例如， 可以将 RFID读卡器设置在充换电站上， 将电池管理***设置在电池上， 将 GPS ***设置在电池、 车 载终端或电动汽车上。
在本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例中， 充换电站监控设 备可以包括温度探测器、 湿度探测器、 视频采集器、 模拟量采集 器和用电量采集器， 其中， 温度探测器、 湿度探测器和视频采集 器设置在充换电站内， 模拟量采集器和用电量采集器与充换电站 内的充电桩相连。
在本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例中， 充换电站监控设 备负责采集动力电池、 电动汽车、 车载终端等主体的电量、 电 流、 电压、 温度等信息数据， 对采集的数据进行相关处理及分析 加工， 主要包括： 核对采集到的数据和***中的数据的一致性和 完整性， 例如， 在电动汽车充电时， 要获取到该电动汽车使用的 电池的电压和电流， 判断是否与该充电桩的参数匹配， 如果不匹 配则不允许充电； 将各地的零散的数据进行汇总就需要进行加 工、 汇总， 形成更直观更便于区域监控设备使用的数据。 分析加 工的目的首先是尽量避免错误的数据进入***中， 其次是由于区 域监控设备希望得到汇总的数据 , 而不是每笔交易的明细数据， 所以还需要将各地的零散的数据进行汇总这就需要进行逐级汇 总。
充换电站监控设备还负责支撑充换电站等站级运行管理； 负 责将充换电站监控、 电池运维管理、 计量计费与服务结算等各业 务信息数据上传至区域监控设备， 其中， 业务信息数据可以包括 充电桩工作状态是否正常、 电池充电是否正常、 充电量、 充电 费、 客户缴费情况等， 接受区域监控设备对各业务信息数据的查 询、 控制， 具体可以包括充换电站监控、 换电业务和运行管理 等。
图 4是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 如图 4所示， 与图 1 中的实施例相比， 该实施例的区域监控 设备 41可以包括：
信息接收装置 411 , 用于接收来自终端信息采集设备的终端 设备的状态信息和定位信息， 以及来自充换电站监控设备的充换 电站的状态信息（例如， 电压值、 电流值、 所监控的充换电站的 视频等信息） 、 计量计费信息和终端设备的身份识别信息；
以无线方式发射信息为例， 该信息接收装置可以通过天线、 滤波器、 基带信号处理电路等实现；
终端控制装置 412, 与信息接收装置 411 相连， 用于分析终 端设备的状态信息、 定位信息以及身份识别信息， 并根据分析结 果向终端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对终端设备的控制；
充换电站控制装置 413, 与信息接收装置 411 相连， 用于分 析充换电站的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向充换电站监控设备下 发控制指令， 以实现对充换电站的控制。
举例说明， 如果以无线方式下发控制指令， 终端控制装置和 充换电站控制装置可以通过信号编码单元、 混频器、 天线等实 现， 控制指令可以是例如终止对电池充电等指令。
上述终端控制装置和充换电站控制装置可以通过远程方式下 发控制指令到充换电站、 电动汽车、 电池、 车载终端等各类设 备， 根据充换电站监控设备上传的充换电站的工作状态以及终端 信息采集设备上传的电池状态信息， 定位信息等实现对充换电 站、 电动汽车、 电池等的集中监控， 具体可以包括监控信息采 集、 采集信息管理、 终端设备的信息预警和控制等。
图 5是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 如图 5所示， 与图 4中的实施例相比， 该实施例的终端设备 可以包括电动汽车和设置无线接收模块的电池， 终端设备的状态 信息可以包括电池的状态信息和车辆的行驶状态， 终端控制装置 51可以包括：
供电控制单元 511 , 与信息接收装置相连， 用于根据电池的 状态信息、 车辆的行驶状态以及定位信息控制电池对电动汽车的 供电；
具体地， 可以根据危险等级对电池状态信息中的异常信息和 故障进行分类， 例如由低到高划分成几个等级； 根据车辆上安装 的传感器采集车辆处于行驶或停止状态以及实时车速， 再利用 GPS 采集车辆的具体地理位置信息， 根据车速和车辆的地理位置 综合分析车辆失去动力后的风险等级； 对于低等级电池异常或车 辆失去动力的高风险情况， 采用车载终端告警方式提示用户在适 当的时候进行处理； 根据车辆的地理位置以及传感器采集的车辆 整体状况， 结合充换电服务网络的分布和应急抢修能力向用户提 供应急处理的辅助决策信息； 对于高等级电池异常或故障， 可以 采取预警加紧急断电的方式， 例如， 通过车载终端告知用户*** 将在一分钟或几分钟后切断供电， 使用户有一分钟或几分钟的紧 急避险处理时间；
错峰充电控制单元 512, 与信息接收装置相连， 用于根据当 前配电网的负荷数据通知充换电用户以引导用户按照负荷变化在 非高峰时段进行充换电。 例如， 该错峰充电控制单元可以通过与 配电网双向互动实现与信息内网的信息共享， 实时从信息内网获 取当前的配电网负荷数据， 通过无线或有线方式及时通知充换电 用户， 引导客户按照负荷变化在非高峰时段安排充换电， 以达到 削峰: ^的目的。
根据电网负荷管理方式的不同， 电动汽车的充电需求可以通 过直接或间接的方法控制。 直接方法建立在各电动汽车与电网之 间的通讯， 结合电网的实时情况和在线电动汽车的信息对各车辆 的充电做出安排。 这种模式适合于有第三方管理平台的结构， 第 三方管理平台与电网和用户分别签订合约， 规定各自权利和义 务。 这种模式必须建立在可靠通讯的基础上， 侧重于电网的限制 和需求， 一定程度上降低了电动汽车用户的便利和自由。 这种模 式对电动汽车的控制程度高， 适用于未来 V2G ( Vehicle to
Grid )的管理和运行。
间接方法是通过电价信号 （峰谷电价、 分时电价或实时电 价） 引导电动汽车用户的充电行为。 这种模式建立在开放的电力 市场环境下， 适合电力公司或其他充电设施拥有者与用户的直接 联系， 更侧重满足用户的便利需求， 需要较少的通讯。
图 6是本公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。 如图 6所示， 与图 4中的实施例相比， 该实施例的充换电站 的状态信息包括电压值和电流值， 充换电站控制装置 61 可以包 括 ··
报警触发单元 611 , 与信息接收装置相连， 用于在接收的充 换电站的状态信息异常时触发充换电站工作异常报警。 图 7是本 公开充换电监控***的再一实施例的结构示意图。
如图 7所示， 与图 4中的实施例相比， 该实施例的区域监控 设备 71还可以包括：
车流量预测装置 711 , 与信息接收装置相连， 用于根据道路 状况和终端设备的定位信息预测车流量。
该车流量预测装置能够根据道路交通信息、 终端设备的定位 信息和地理信息***（Geographic Information System , GIS ) 提供的数据进行分析， 对一定时期内车辆的过载流量进行预测， 从而为市场拓展、 有序充电和充电线路优化提供参考依据和使用 价值。
图 8是 ^开充换电监控***的功能描述示意图。
如图 8所示， 可以通过以下方式设计充换电站监控***： 可以将充换电监控***从下到上分为三层： 终端设备层、 站 级管理层、 区域管理层（即， 运行管理中心） ， 其中区域管理层 根据需要又可以分为省级管理***和总部管理***两部分。
( 1 )终端设备层
用于标识、 采集、 处理***运行相关基础数据的设备和终 端， 包括动力电池、 电动汽车、 车载终端等。 能够利用信息传感 技术， 按照统一的编码规范进行感知与识别， 并能够采集车辆和 电池当前的工作状态， 如电量、 电流、 电压、 温度、 地理位置等 信息， 并可以通过有线或无线等通讯手段与站级管理层进行数据 交互。
( 2 )站级管理层
建立在终端设备层基础之上， 针对充电桩、 充换电站、 配送 站等对象的管理， 包括充换电设施监控， 电池运维管理、 计量计 费与服务结算、 对上级***的数据服务等内容， 实现电动汽车 充、 换电站便捷、 可靠、 智能化的运行与管理。 ( 3 ) 区域管理层
部署于站级管理层之上， 对于某特定地理区域内的相关充换 电业务的运行进行管理。 区域管理层应该提供与相关的电网运行 管理***的信息交互接口。 区域管理层又可以分为省级管理*** 和总部管理***。
( 3a )省级管理***
省级管理***负责对本网省公司相关充换电业务运行的监控 和管理， 汇集所辖区域的用户商务信息、 结算信息、 运行信息以 及客服信息， 并对这些信息提供海量存储， 实现站间数据共享， 并在深度分析的基础上， 负责区域内全局性业务的决策和调度， 包括计费结算、 运行管理、 资产管理、 物流调配和客户服务。 省 级管理***还负责向总部管理***提交包括运营状况和资产状况 等在内的宏观统计信息。
( 3b )总部管理***
总部管理***是国家电网所辖区域内唯一的中央级监控管理 ***。 总部管理***原则上不参与各地充换电业务的具体运营决 策。 总部管理***从各省级管理***收集汇总运营状况和资产状 况等宏观统计信息， 作为规划全***业务发展和建设的依据。 总 部管理***负责跨省业务的信息中转和协调， 并制定跨省业务的 计费结算以及资产关系的处理原则。
基于物联网的充换电监控***技术框架可以包括终端设备层 技术框架、 站级管理层技术框架、 区域管理层技术框架。
其中， 终端设备层技术框架： 利用 RFID、 传感器、 图像识 别技术等实现管理对象的身份识别和信息采集；
站级管理层技术框架： 利用 GPRS/3G、 WiFi、 Internet等通 讯技术， 将具有身份标识的电动汽车、 动力电池、 充电设施、 用 户车主、 智能电网等相关主体进行互联， 实现充电站或换电站业 务办理和管理；
区域管理层技术框架： 利用计算机信息集成技术， 在信息专 网或互联网^ fill上， 实现基于物联网的充换电监控***的自动化 运行与管理。
区域管理层的主要功能包括客户服务管理、 计量计费管理、 收费结算管理、 资产管理、 物流配送、 检修管理、 集中监控、 综 合统计分析、 ***管理。 站级管理层的主要功能包括充电站监 控、 换电站业务。 终端设备层的主要功能包括电池身份识别、 电 池定位跟踪、 电池状态信息采集、 车辆身份识别、 车辆运行动态 定位。
具体地， 区域管理层（即， 运行管理中心） 中的总部管理系 统能够实现以下功能： （ al )综合统计分析
通过对报表主题、 行、 列、 统计方案的定制和执行， 对客户 的档案变更信息、 客户消费行为、 电池故障率、 设备库存情况、 物流配送执行结果、 设备检修执行情况、 客户满意度等进行全方 位统计、 查询和输出 （格式支持 word、 excel, pdf等） , 满足各 级管理单位的日常业务统计、 经营活动分析以及市场开拓辅助决 策等， 具体可以包括报表模板维护、 4 统计和报表查询等。
( a2 ) ***管理
通过分级授权的管理模式， 完成各级组织机构和人员维护、 角色定义和权限项配置等， 通过***参数实现***标准代码的配 置管理； 通过日志记录实现***业务处理的事后追踪； 通过消息 服务实现***各模块之间的松耦合集成， 具体可以包括运营机构 管理、 角色定义、 权限项定义、 ***参数配置、 消息服务等。
3 )跨区域结算
对于跨网省电池更换， 由总部统一协调提供网省之间电池设 备的产权变更和资金转账。 区域管理层中的省级管理***能够实现以下功能：
( bl )客户服务管理
通过营业厅、 呼叫中心、 客 网站、 自助终端、 现场和信函 受理等服务渠道， 统一受理客户开户、 变更、 销户、 合同管理、 充 /换电、 费用支付、 业务咨询、 信息查询、 故障报修、 紧急救 援、 投诉、 举报、 建议、 表扬、 意见、 订阅等服务请求。 为了保 证服务质量， 提高客户满意度， 还需对有关服务请求的处理进行 跟踪、 督办， 要进行服务质量监督。 服务处理结束后， 进行客户 回访， 了解客户对服务请求处理的满意程度， 形成闭环管理。 同 时， 为了提高服务效率， 可为客户提供电池更换、 电池故障维修 等现场服务。 具体可以包括开户管理、 变更管理、 合同管理、 呼 叫中心、 客服网站、 自助终端、 智能交互终端、 现场服务等各种 互动服务渠道及其相关应用等。
( b2 )计量计费
根据政策标准制定并发布计量计费标准， 按照计量计费标准 对用户 （电池、 电动汽车等）充换电过程中产生的各种费用进行 计算， 并对计算结果进行审核， 在审核过程中发现异常， 进行相 应处理， 确保充换电计费的规范性、 正确性、 完整性。 具体可以 包括计费政策标准管理、 客户计费模型管理、 费用结算、 审核管 理等。
( b3 )收费账务
通过坐收、 代收、 智能卡缴费、 POS机刷卡、 手机支付等多 种缴费方式， 及时回收客户充 /换电费用以及其它相关业务费用； 按照 《企业会计准则》 的规定， 遵循有借有货、 借贷相等的会计 记账原则建立账务管理体系， 实现用户的预付费管理， 各级管理 单位之间资金解款、 成本核算和对账管理以及各级管理单位和银 行之间的对账管理工作。 具体可以包括客户缴费管理、 业务费缴 费管理、 账务管理。
( b4 )资产管理
利用物联网技术， 通过对设备的需求计划管理、 招标选型、 订货和供应商资信管理等， 对需求采购计划形成、 招标过程技术 支撑、 订货合同及技术协议签订等选购内容进行过程管理。 同时 通过对设备（配电设备、 充电设备、 换电设备、 电动汽车、 电 池、 监控设备、 计量计费设备等）状态转变的各个业务环节进行 规范管理， 实现对设备生命周期状态的跟踪管理。 另外还可以提 供站与站之间的电池借用和返还， 以实现电池资源紧急调拨， 具 体可以包括采购管理、 检定管理、 仓储管理、 电池借用 /返还、 设 备台帐管理、 设备轮换、 检修管理和报废管理等。
( b5 )物流配送
通过建立多级库房、 库区、 储位的建立和维护， 再加以入库 管理、 出库管理、 库房盘点和库存预警等方面的业务支撑， 实现 对库房规范有序的管理； 通过对设备配送需求的生成、 配送计划 的制定、 配送执行的工作进行管理， 实现从配送中心一级库房向 下级单位库房的配送物流控制； 通过物联网技术， 实现各类设备 (充换电站、 电池等）在物流调度过程中的自动识别， 物流车辆 的定位跟踪以及实现设备调度请求的实时在线申请、 审批、 调 配， 以满足多样化的物流调度管理需求， 构建智能化物流调度体 系。 具体可以包括车辆管理、 配送申请、 配送计划、 配送执行、 配送调拨和配送质量管理等。
( b6 )物流监控
区域监控设备根据每台物流车辆上安装的 GPS 终端， 实时 采集这些车辆在配送电池过程中的位置， 并结合 GIS***直观的 显示可以方便地定位与跟踪物流车辆的位置、 配送路线和电动汽 车电池的状态等信息。 ( b7 )检修管理
通过客户联络（人工报修、 电话呼叫、 录音、 传真、 网站预 约等）接收客户故障报修或紧急救援申请， 根据抢修地点， 业务 类型， 将工作任务按营业区域传递到相关部门进行处理， 以便快 速、 高效的对客户抢修予以受理， 进行现场抢修， 并对处理过程 进行跟踪、 督办， 故障处理完毕后及时回访客户， 形成闭环管 理。
定期对配电设施、 充电设备、 换电设备、 监控设备、 电池、 电动汽车等进行现场巡视、 检验、 周期检定等， 并依据检定结 果， 确定设备运行状态、 判断故障隐患， 将差错处理、 检修、 更 换、 拆除等工作任务按营业区域传递到相关部门进行处理， 保证 运行安全可靠。 具体可以包括救援调度管理、 周期检验、 临时检 验、 检修管理、 现场巡视等。
( b8 )集中监控
可以通过远程下发指令到充换电站、 车辆、 电池等各类设 备， 也可以通过上述设备主动上传， 最后接收站级管理层上传的 充换电设备的实时状态、 视频等信息和用户终端层上传的电池状 态信息， 实现对充换电站、 车辆、 电池等的集中监控。 具体可以 包括监控信息采集、 采集信息管理、 站级管理层和用户终端层信 息预警和控制。
( b9 )综合统计分析
通过对报表主题、 行、 列、 统计方案的定制和执行， 对客户 的档案变更信息、 客户消费行为、 电池故障率、 设备库存情况、 物流配送执行结果、 设备检修执行情况、 客户满意度等进行全方 位统计、 查询和输出 （格式支持 word、 excel, pdf等） 。 满足各 级管理单位的日常业务统计、 经营活动分析以及市场开拓辅助决 策等。 具体可以包括报表模板维护 统计和 4 查询等。 ( blO ) ***管理
通过分级授权的管理模式， 完成各级组织机构和人员维护、 角色定义和权限项配置等； 通过图形化流程建模实现开户、 变更 等各项业务工作流程的版本定义和发布； 通过***参数实现*** 标准代码和业务规则的配置管理； 通过日志记录实现***业务处 理的事后追踪； 通过消息服务实现业务办理的及时提醒、 催办以 ***各模块之间的松耦合集成。 具体可以包括运营机构管理、 角 色定义、 权限项定义、 流程管理、 *** 4*配置、 消息服务等。
( bl l )充电负荷预测
根据社会经济发展信息、 充电市场信息、 充换电站上报的信 息等， 采用各种分析模型或方法对市场变化趋势、 特点及异常进 行分析， 产生分析结果， 为电池仓储、 建设经营提供准确、 有效 的数据支持。 在市场分析基础上， 寻找市场发展规律， 采用各种 预测模型， 滚动预测市场指标， 产生预测结果， 为制定年度生产 经营计划、 市场拓展措施、 能效管理、 有序充电提供参考依据。
( bl2 )车辆监控
对车辆的运行过程进行实时追踪显示， 处理车载终端发来的 车辆运行信息， 结合 RS ( Remote Sensing ) 、 GPS和 GIS实现 车辆的现代化管理， 包括行车安全监控管理、 运营管理、 服务质 量管理、 智能集中调度管理等， 实现车辆运行轨迹的回放， 并结 合天气路况信息提供最佳路线服务、 最近充换电站智能提示等增 值服务。
站级管理层能够实现以下功能：
( cl )充电站监控
充换电站监控设备中可以包括监控***， 该监控***又可以 包括充电监控***、 供电监控***和安防监控***等， 并具备远 传接口。 充电监控***能实现对非车载充电机运行和充电过程的 监视、 控制以及数据的存储和管理； 供电监控***能实现对供电 状况、 电能质量、 设备运行状态等的监视和控制； 安防监控*** 能实现对充电站的环境监控、 设备安全监控、 防火监控和防盗监 控等。
( c2 )资产生命周期监控
通过对每个终端设备配发唯一的 RFID标签实现对企业资产 使用过程中各流程、 环节的跟踪管理， 提高资产盘点的准确性， 从而真正满足国家电网对管理对象进行全面、 精准、 及时、 动态 的资产全寿命周期管理的需求。
( c3 )营业监控
实时统计汇总充换电情况， 向上级汇总数据， 监督各地业务 开展情况， 同时向用户传达最新的电力信息。
( c4 )换电站业务
换电站业务主要作用是： 需要充电的电池入站 /点、 对电池进 行安全经济充电及管理、 根据需要将充好电的电池出库、 根据需 要将充好电的电池换上电动汽车。
( c5 )运行管理
运行管理包^殳备巡视、 检修、 报损 /报废、 站内缺陷记录等 功能。
其中， 设备巡视可以分为定期巡视、 故障巡视、 特殊巡视、 监察性巡视等。 能够根据权限实现不同类别的设备巡视记录的增 加、 修改、 删除、 查询等。 能够实现设备巡视记录模板在 PC 与 PDA之间的下载、 上传。
设备检修可以包括检修计划、 设备检修。
报损 /报废可以通过流程引擎根据不同权限实现资产报损 /报 废单的填写、 申请、 审批等操作； 能够根据不同的条件查询报损 / 报废单； 流程终结后自动修改运行管理层资产台账状态。 站内缺陷记录能够通过流程引擎根据不同权限实现缺陷记录 的填写、 处理、 消缺等操作； 能够根据不同的条件查询缺陷记 录。
终端设备层能够实现以下功能：
( dl ) 电池身份识别
在电池上安装 RFID射频标签或其他识别设备， 实现电池身 份的唯一标识。 通过 RFID读卡器的扫描识别实现电池的仓储管 理、 物流配送及充换电业务等功能。
( d2 ) 电池定位跟踪
通过电池上的定位信息模块或其它定位技术实现电池定位， 并实时将位置信息传输到区域监控设备， 实现对电池的实时跟 踪。
( d 3 ) 电池状态信息采集
电池管理***在车辆的运行中能够可靠地完成电池状态的实 时监控和故障诊断， 并通过总线的方式告知车载终端采用更加合 理的控制策略， 达到有效且高效使用电池的目的。 其主要具备的 功能包括电池状态的实时监控、 数据处理、 故障分析与定位、 电 荷状态估算、 数据传输、 热管理、 充放电控制、 运行数据存储、 数据转储和数据库管理等功能。 车载终端通过 CAN 总线方式与 电池管理***通讯， 获取电池的运行参数， 包括电池额定容量、 实际容量、 放电循环寿命、 额定电压、 剩余电量估算等。
( d 4 )车辆身份识别
电动汽车智能车载终端内部嵌入 RFID 射频识别标签或芯 片， 在车辆驶到具有识别器的地方时可以自动地识别车辆的身 份。 车辆进入充换电站时， 站内的识别器可自动的识别车主身份 及使用电池信息， 智能引导车辆接收相关服务。 在车辆进出入高 速路口时， 高速路口的识别器可自动读取车辆信息， 完成自动缴 费功能等。
( d 5 )车辆运行动态定位
通过 GPS 或其它定位技术获得车辆位置信息， 在电子地图 上实时地显示出车辆运行的位置和运行状况， 例如， 经度、 繂 度、 速度、 状态、 时间、 日期等， 可以用不同颜色表示不同的状 态信息， 以形成直观的运行轨迹。
( d 6 )路况信息提示
区域监控设备通过对所有车辆位置分布分析得到当前路况的 拥堵情况， 并将数据发送到车载终端上为用户提供路况信息提 示。
( d 7 ) 附近充换电站提示
由车载终端发出请求后， 通过区域监控设备综合分析后寻找 汽车当前位置附近最近的充换电站， 并将充换电站的位置发送到 车载终端。
( d 8 )最优线雜示
由车载终端发出请求， 将汽车要达到的目的地信息上传至区 域监控设备， 区域监控设备再结合天气状况、 路况信息等分析出 到达目的地的最优路径， 通过实时交互的方式将路线下发到车载 终端。
( d 9 )动态充电计划提示
根据车载电池的当前状态及电池使用情况， 结合峰谷电价通 过车载终端将动态充电计划提供给用户参考。
( d 10 )车辆轨迹回放
***自动记载车辆的具***置、 时间等信息， 在终端电子地 图上回放， 以利于状况分析。 车辆完成某一次行使后， 其行车路 线将被保存下来， 如有需要可将该车辆的运行轨迹及当时的地理 信息在电子地图的各种不同图层上重新显示出来， 通过设定时 间， 可以调整回放的时间和 ：。
图 9是 开基于物联网的充换电监控方法的一个实施例的 流程示意图。
如图 9所示， 该实施例可以包括以下步骤：
S102, 利用终端信息采集设备对终端设备进行身份识别、 状 态信息采集以及动态定位， 并通过有线网络将获取的终端设备的 身份识别信息传输至充换电站监控设备， 通过无线网络将获取的 终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域监控设备；
举例说明， 可以利用 RFID 读卡器读取贴在终端设备上的 RFID 标签， 以实现对终端设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将 终端设备的身份识别信息发送至充换电站监控设备； 利用电池管 理***从电池中采集电池的状态信息， 并将电池的状态信息发送 至区域监控设备； 利用 GPS ***动态地对终端设备进行定 位， 并将终端设备的定位信息发送至区域监控设备；
S104, 利用充换电站监控设备对充换电站的工作状态进行监 控、 对充换电过程进行计量计费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态 信息、 所获得的计量计费信息以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别 信息传输至区域监控设备；
S106, 区域监控设备根据来自终端信息采集设备的信息和来 自充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设备和充换电站 进行监控， 并统计计量计费信息；
具体地， （1 ) 可以分析终端设备的状态信息、 定位信息以 及身份识别信息， 并根据分析结果向终端设备下发控制指令， 以 实现对终端设备的控制。 例如， 根据电池的状态信息、 车辆的行 驶状态以及定位信息控制电池对电动汽车的供电； 根据当前配电 网的负荷数据通知充换电用户以引导用户按照负荷变化在非高峰 时段进行充换电； 根据定位信息实现对终端设备的定位与^宗。 现有的电动汽车充电方式都是即接即充方式， 电动汽车接入 电网后即刻充电， 无任何充电控制， 就像一个常规用电设备一 样， 显然， 此种方式在负荷高峰时会进一步增加电网的负担， 增 大电网调峰的困难， 也不能完全发挥电动汽车充换电站在削峰平 谷方面的积极作用。
而通过与配电网进行双向互动， 实时从信息内网获取当前的 配电网负荷数据， 通过无线或有线方式及时通知充换电用户， 引 导客户按照负荷变化在非高峰时段安排充换电， 可以达到削峰填 谷的目的。 同时， 还能按照计量计费标准对用户 （电池、 电动汽 车等）充换电过程中产生的各种费用进行计算， 并对计算结果进 行审核， 在审核过程中发现异常时进行相应处理， 以确保充换电 计费的规范性、 正确性、 完整性。
( 2 )可以分析充换电站的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向充 换电站监控设备下发控制指令， 以实现对充换电站的控制。 例 如， 充换电站的状态信息可以包括电压值和电流值， 在接收的充 换电站的状态信息异常时触发充换电站工作异常报警。
可选地， 对所辖区域内的终端设备和充换电站进行监控的步 骤还可以包括根据终端设备的定位信息实现对终端的定位与跟 踪； 根据道路状况和终端设备的定位信息预测车流量。
可选地， 区域监控设备还可以根据计费标准和充换电过程所 充电量进行计费。
可选地， 区域监控设备还可以利用远程方式向终端信息采集 设备和 /或充换电站监控设备下发查询指令， 并通过接收的信息获 取待查询的信息。
其中， 终端设备可以包括电池、 车载终端和电动汽车。 终端 信息采集设备可以包括信息传感装置， 用于对终端设备进行身份 识别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位； 无线发射装置， 与信息传感 装置相连， 用于通过无线网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定 位信息传输至区域监控设备； 其中， 信息传感装置可以包括
RFID读卡器、 GPS***以及电池管理***。
该实施例利用物联网技术实现充换电监控***的智能化和互 动化， 通过在电动汽车、 电池、 车载终端等安装传感器和识别系 统， 利用物联网相关技术可以实时感知电动汽车的运行状态和电 池的使用状态， 通过所监控的充换电站的工作状态获知充换电站 及当前网内能源的供给状态， 实现电动汽车和充换电站的综合监 测与分析， 实现资产管理集约化、 仓储管理简易化、 物流调度智 能化、 充电计费多样化、 运营服务互动化， 保证电动汽车、 电池 及充换电站等稳定、 经济、 高效的运行， 也从电网运行角度充分 发挥电动汽车的节能减排效应， 实现资源优化配置， 实现社会经 济效益最大化， 促进经济可持续;^。
在本公开方法的另一实施例中， 可以通过以下步骤实现对充 换电的监控：
步骤一， 终端信息采集设备利用 RFID、 GPS、 传感器等感 知、 捕获、 测量的手段随时随地对用户信息（例如， 用户 ID、 用 户名称、 联系方式、 证件号码等） 、 设备参数信息（例如， 电池 的温度、 电压、 电流； 电动汽车的型号等）进行信息采集和获 取， 具体地， 在 RFID标签 i^AJt场后， RFID读卡器发出射频 信号， RFID标签（可以是无源标签或被动标签）凭借感应电流 所获得的能量发送存储在芯片中的产品信息， 或者 RFID 标签 (可以是有源标签或主动标签） 主动发送某一频率的信号； RFID读卡器读取信息， 并在解码后通过充换电站监控设备进行 有关数据处理；
步骤二， 充换电站监控设备通过电信网络与互联网将终端设 备和充换电站接入信息网络， 可以随时随地进行可靠的信息交互 和共享；
步骤三， 区域监控设备利用云计算、 模糊识别等各种智能计 算技术对海量的跨地域、 跨行业、 跨部门的数据和信息进行分析 处理， 以实现对终端设备和充换电站的智能化决策和控制。
图 10是 开基于物联网的充换电监控方法的技术实现原 理示意图。
如图 10 所示， 可以采用多层架构组件技术将界面控制、 业 务逻辑和数据映射分离， 总体可以划分为客户层、 界面控制层、 业务逻辑层、 数据层（包含数据映射层和数据源）和基础架构平 台， 通过各层次***组件间服务的承载关系， 实现***功能。
1、 客户层
用于访问应用***和处理人机交互的客户端， 包括浏览器、 桌面应用程序、 无线应用等。
2、 界面控制层
可进一步细分为接入服务层和界面展现层。
( 1 )接入服务层： 支持企业内部网络、 E-mail、 对外网站、 电话、 短信和传真等多样化的接入模式， 提供统一的认证和授 权、 服务调度、 接入监控等服务， 同时实现交互界面的关联和控 制。
( 2 ) 界面展现层： 在 J EE ( Java Platform Enterprise Edition )体系下可以采用 MVC ( Model- View-Controller )应用 框架， 由页面控制器组件、 页面操作组件、 JSP ( Java Server Pages ) 页面组件和服务代理单元组成。 其中界面的显示由 JSP 网页组件完成， 网页上的具体操作由页面操作组件通过服务代理 单元调用业务逻辑层的具体服务来完成， 由页面控制器组件负责 统一调用不同的页面操作组件和 JSP页面组件。 对某些需要较大 数据量的展示与处理的特殊业务， 可建立专用的应用程序 （例 如， Applet )处理。
3、 业务逻辑层
用于部署业务逻辑组件， 可细分为业务处理逻辑组件和*** 应用支撑组件。
( 1 ) 业务处理逻辑： 具体的业务逻辑实现， 总体上包括客 户发展管理、 资产管理、 物流管理、 充 /换电管理、 物流管理、 呼 叫中心、 计费管理、 结算管理、 客户资料档案管理等业务处理逻 辑。
( 2 ) ***应用支撑： 为各个组件提供统一共享的公共服务 和平台支撑， 包括工作流管理、 组织人员、 权限服务、 参数管 理、 服务监控、 安全认证、 消息服务和日志服务等， 提高***的 灵活性与可扩展性。
4、 数据层
数据层由数据映射层和数据源构成， 数据映射层完成对数据 源的访问封装， 并使得业务逻辑层的设计和实现更集中于***本 身的功能。 同时， 数据映射层的存在屏蔽了业务逻辑层对底层数 据存储形式的依赖， 使应用***能够适应多种类型的数据库。 数 据源主要包括： 数据库、 内存数据、 消息队列、 磁盘文件等。
5、 基础架构
基础架构主要包括网络、 主机、 存储、 备份、 语音接入等平 台。
上述多层架构的充换电***通过组件技术将界面控制、 业务 逻辑和数据映射分离， 实现***内部的^ ^合， 以灵活、 快速地 响应业务变化对***的需求。
本公开将众多充换电站和充电设施集中纳入一个完整的服务 网络***， 转变电池资产关系， 并采用先进的传感和通信技术对 电动汽车的动力服务进行全局的协调、 调度和管理， 以确保对用 户灵活快捷的服务。
开将填补国内智能电动汽车运营管理方面的空白， 满足 电动汽车推广运行的实际需求， 进一步促进我国电动汽车的产业 化发展进程， 提高电能在终端能源消费中的比重， 推进交通领域 电能替代石化能源的发展进程， 推动电力公共能源服务向交通领 域的进一步拓展。
虽然已经通过示例对本公开的一些特定实施例进行了详细说 明， 但是本领域的技术人员应该理解， 以上示例仅是为了进行 说明， 而不是为了限制本发明的范围。 本领域的技术人员应该 理解， 可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下， 对以上实施 例进行修改。 本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种基于物联网的充换电监控***， 其特征在于， 包括 终端信息采集设备、 充换电站监控设备以及区域监控设备， 其 中，
所述终端信息采集设备， 用于利用信息传感方式对终端设备 进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及动态定位， 通过有线网络将获 取的终端设备的身份识别信息传输至所述充换电站监控设备， 通 过无线网络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至所述 区¾控设备；
所述充换电站监控设备， 用于接收来自所述终端信息采集设 备的终端设备的身份识别信息、 对充换电站的工作状态进行监 控、 对充换电过程进行计量计费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态 信息、 所获得的计量计费信息以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别 信息传输至所述区域监控设备；
所述区域监控设备， 用于根据来自所述终端信息采集设备的 信息和来自所述充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设 备和充换电站进行监控， 并统计所述计量计费信息。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述终端设 备包括电池、 车载终端和电动汽车。
3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述终端信 息采集设备包括：
信息传感装置， 用于对所述终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信 息采集以及动态定位；
无线发射装置， 与所述信息传感装置相连， 用于通过无线网 络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至所述区域监控 设备。
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述信息传 感装置包括：
RFID 读卡器， 用于读取贴在所述终端设备上的 RFID 标 签， 以实现对所述终端设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将所述 终端设备的身份识别信息发送至所述充换电站监控设备；
电池管理***， 用于从所述电池中采集电池的状态信息， 并 将所述电池的状态信息发送至所述无线发射装置；
GPS ***， 用于动态地对所述终端设备进行定位， 并将 所述终端设备的定位信息发送至所述无线发射装置。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述充换电 站监控设备包括温度探测器、 湿度探测器、 视频采集器、 模拟量 采集器和用电量采集器， 其中， 所述温度探测器、 湿度探测器和 视频采集器设置在所述充换电站内， 所述模拟量采集器和用电量 采集器与所述充换电站内的充电桩相连。
6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述区域监 控设备包括：
信息接收装置， 用于接收来自所述终端信息采集设备的终端 设备的状态信息和定位信息， 以及来自所述充换电站监控设备的 充换电站的状态信息、 计量计费信息和终端设备的身份识别信 息；
终端控制装置， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于分析所述终 端设备的状态信息、 定位信息以及身份识别信息， 并根据分析结 果向所述终端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对所述终端设备的控 制；
充换电站控制装置， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于分析所 述充换电站的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向所述充换电站监控设 备下发控制指令， 以实现对所述充换电站的控制。
7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述终端设 备包括电动汽车和设置无线接收模块的电池， 所述终端设备的状 态信息包括电池的状态信息和车辆的行驶状态， 所述终端控制装 置包括：
供电控制单元， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于根据所述电 池的状态信息、 车辆的行驶状态以及所述定位信息控制所述电池 对所述电动汽车的供电；
错峰充电控制单元， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于根据当 前配电网的负荷数据通知充换电用户以引导用户按照负荷变化在 非高峰时段进行充换电。
8. 根据权利要求 6 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述充换电 站的状态信息包括电压值和电流值， 所述充换电站控制装置包 括 ··
报警触发单元， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于在接收的所 述充换电站的状态信息异常时触发充换电站工作异常报警。
9. 根据权利要求 6 所述的***， 其特征在于， 所述区域监 控设备还包括：
车流量预测装置， 与所述信息接收装置相连， 用于根据道路 状况和所述终端设备的定位信息预测车流量。
10. 一种基于物联网的充换电监控方法， 其特征在于， 包 括 ··
利用终端信息采集设备对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息 采集以及动态定位， 并通过有线网络将获取的终端设备的身份识 别信息传输至充换电站监控设备， 通过无线网络将获取的终端设 备的状态信息和定位信息传输至区域监控设备；
利用所述充换电站监控设备对充换电站的工作状态进行监 控、 对充换电过程进行计量计费， 并将所监控的充换电站的状态 信息、 所获得的计量计费信息以及所接收的终端设备的身份识别 信息传输至所述区域监控设备；
所述区域监控设备根据来自所述终端信息采集设备的信息和 来自所述充换电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设备和充 换电站进行监控， 并统计所述计量计费信息。
11. 根据权利要求 10 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端 设备包括电池、 车载终端和电动汽车。
12. 根据权利要求 11 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端 信息采集设备包括：
信息传感装置， 用于对所述终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信 息采集以及动态定位；
无线发射装置， 与所述信息传感装置相连， 用于通过无线网 络将获取的终端设备的状态信息和定位信息传输至所述区域监控 设备；
其中， 所述信息传感装置包括 RFID读卡器、 GPS***以 及电池管理***。
13. 根据权利要求 12 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述利用 终端信息采集设备对终端设备进行身份识别、 状态信息采集以及 动态定位的步骤包括：
利用所述 RFID读卡器读取贴在所述终端设备上的 RFID标 签， 以实现对所述终端设备的身份识别， 并通过光纤网络将终端 设备的身份识别信息发送至所述充换电站监控设备；
利用所述电池管理***从所述电池中采集电池的状态信息， 并将所述电池的状态信息发送至所述区域监控设备；
利用所述 GPS ***动态地对所述终端设备进行定位， 并 将终端设备的定位信息发送至所述区域监控设备。
14. 根据权利要求 10 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述区域 监控设备根据来自所述终端信息采集设备的信息和来自所述充换 电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设备和充换电站进行监 控的步骤包括：
分析所述终端设备的状态信息、 定位信息以及身份识别信 息， 并根据分析结果向所述终端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对所 述终端设备的控制；
分析所述充换电站的状态信息， 并根据分析结果向所述充换 电站监控设备下发控制指令， 以实现对所述充换电站的控制。
15. 根据权利要求 14 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端 设备包括电动汽车和设置无线接收模块的电池， 所述终端设备的 状态信息包括电池的状态信息和车辆的行驶状态，
所述根据分析结果向所述终端设备下发控制指令， 以实现对 所述终端设备的控制的步驟包括：
根据所述电池的状态信息、 车辆的行驶状态以及所述定位信 息控制所述电池对所述电动汽车的供电；
根据当前配电网的负荷数据通知充换电用户以引导用户按照 负荷变化在非高峰时段进行充换电。
16. 根据权利要求 14 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述充换 电站的状态信息包括电压值和电流值， 所述根据分析结果向所述 充换电站监控设备下发控制指令， 以实现对所述充换电站的控制 的步錄包括：
在接收的所述充换电站的状态信息异常时触发充换电站工作 异常报警。
17. 根据权利要求 10 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述区域 监控设备根据来自所述终端信息采集设备的信息和来自所述充换 电站监控设备的信息对所辖区域内的终端设备和充换电站进行监 控的步骤还包括：
根据所述终端设备的定位信息实现对所述终端的定位与跟 踪；
根据道路状况和所述终端设备的定位信息预测车流量。
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