WO2012034400A1 - 一种mimo-ofdm***中的窄带干扰检测方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种mimo-ofdm***中的窄带干扰检测方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012034400A1
WO2012034400A1 PCT/CN2011/073533 CN2011073533W WO2012034400A1 WO 2012034400 A1 WO2012034400 A1 WO 2012034400A1 CN 2011073533 W CN2011073533 W CN 2011073533W WO 2012034400 A1 WO2012034400 A1 WO 2012034400A1
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subcarrier
noise power
interference
interference noise
value
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PCT/CN2011/073533
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周旭武
韩英杰
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2689Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
    • H04L27/2691Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation involving interference determination or cancellation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/0066Interference mitigation or co-ordination of narrowband interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023Time-frequency-space
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile broadband wireless access, and more particularly to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system for narrowband interference detection in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) mode.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • a new generation of wireless communication systems requires higher transmission rates, and OFDM technology has emerged. It divides the serial data into N different parallel data streams, transmits them in parallel on N carriers, has no interference with each other, greatly improves the transmission rate of the system, and the data stream of each subcarrier has a lower bit rate. , improve the reliability of transmission.
  • OFDM encodes and modulates the data as frequency domain information, transforms it into the time domain by Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), and transmits it on the channel, and inversely transforms the Fourier transform (Discrete Fourier Transform) at the receiving end. , DFT), obtains the original modulated data after channel transmission.
  • IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
  • the channel environment of a wireless communication system is diverse. At this time, the traditional single antenna system may be difficult to perform, and the multi-antenna system can overcome such problems, and the MIMO technology is useful.
  • the uplink MIMO needs to be completed by two users, namely, cooperative MIMO, spatial multiplexing (SM), and each user has only one transmitting antenna.
  • the detection algorithms of the MIMO system at the receiving end mainly include: a zero-forcing algorithm (ZF), a minimum mean square error algorithm (MMSE), and a maximum a posteriori probability algorithm (MAP).
  • the performance of the MAP algorithm in MIMO decoding and channel decoding is particularly outstanding.
  • a more accurate log-likelihood ratio (LRR) can be obtained by using the MAP algorithm.
  • the MIMO-OFDM system will become very fragile under external interference. As shown in Figure 1, it is very difficult to suppress narrow-band interference when the external interference characteristics are unknown. Therefore, accurate detection of narrow-band interference is included, including The detection of interference location and frequency is a prerequisite for narrowband interference cancellation and is necessary to ensure the performance of the MIMO-OFDM system.
  • the traditional narrowband interference detection method detects narrowband interference by setting a certain threshold. This method is only applicable to environments with strong narrowband interference. The detected power is only the number of narrowband interference power and narrowband interference, and the narrowband cannot be determined. The specific location of the interference, and it is not suitable for environments where the narrowband dry 4 is particularly weak. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a narrowband interference detection method and apparatus in a MIMO-OFDM system, which is used to solve the problem that the narrowband interference power cannot be accurately detected when the narrowband interference is weak in the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a narrowband interference detection method in a MIMO-OFDM system, the method comprising:
  • the value determines an interference noise power value for each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit.
  • the interference noise power value of each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit is an interference noise power value of one pilot in the pilot sub-carrier group
  • the calculation method is that the pilot sub-carrier group is dry.
  • the noise power value is divided by two.
  • the method further includes:
  • the physical position of each subcarrier on each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol is determined and recorded according to the subcarrier mapping relationship.
  • the method further includes:
  • is the interference noise power value of the subcarrier of the current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ is the interference noise power value of the same physical position subcarrier of the previous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol
  • the value of the smoothing coefficient is 0.618.
  • the method further includes:
  • the set interference noise power threshold is a noise variance value, and ⁇ is an integer.
  • the method further includes:
  • the signal to interference plus noise ratio of each subcarrier is determined by using the combined value of the interference noise power of each subcarrier, and is multiplied by the log likelihood ratio calculated by the demodulator as a weight, and the multiplication result is obtained. It is sent to the decoder for narrowband interference cancellation.
  • the method further includes:
  • the time domain signal received by the receiving end is converted into a frequency domain signal, and the channel response of each subcarrier in the frequency domain signal in the frequency domain is obtained.
  • a narrowband interference detecting apparatus in a MIMO-OFDM system comprising: a pilot subcarrier group selecting module, configured to select, in each time-frequency unit, a pilot subcarrier group composed of two pilots, The two pilots in the pilot subcarrier group are at different frequency positions of different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols;
  • An interference noise power value determining module configured to subtract a signal power value of the pilot subcarrier group from a channel response value of two subcarriers in the pilot subcarrier group, to obtain interference noise of the pilot subcarrier group a power value, determining an interference noise power value of each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit according to the interference noise power value.
  • the device further includes:
  • a physical location determining module configured to determine, according to a subcarrier mapping relationship, a physical location of each subcarrier on each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol and record;
  • a smoothing processing module configured to perform smoothing processing on different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols in the time-frequency unit, and update an interference noise power value of each subcarrier of the current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol to a previous orthogonal Partial information of interference noise power values of subcarriers of the same physical location of the frequency division multiplexed symbols;
  • An interference noise combining module is configured to perform arithmetic averaging on interference noise power values of the same subcarriers in the plurality of antennas, and determine an interference noise power combined value of each subcarrier;
  • the determining module is configured to determine whether the interference noise power combined value of each subcarrier exceeds the set interference noise power threshold, and if yes, determine that the subcarrier at the physical location is interfered.
  • the device further includes:
  • the interference cancellation module is configured to determine a signal to interference plus noise ratio of each subcarrier by using an interference noise power combination value of each subcarrier, and multiply the weight ratio by a logarithm likelihood ratio calculated by the demodulator.
  • the multiplication result is sent to the decoder for narrowband interference cancellation.
  • the technical solution of the present invention uses the pilot subcarrier group formed by the pilot signal to estimate the noise interference power, and can accurately estimate the narrowband interference information, and can narrow the interference position even when the narrowband interference is weak. The power is detected accurately. Furthermore, by adjusting the SINR k value of each subcarrier, the metric weight of each received bit is sent to the decoder, and the narrowband interference suppression can be completed.
  • the invention has simple calculation, and the narrow-band interference suppression effect is remarkable, and the performance of the MIMO-OFDM system can be greatly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the OFDM system being subjected to dryness
  • FIG. 2 is a coding structure diagram of a MIMO-OFDM system
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a narrowband interference in a MIMO-OFDM system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a time-frequency unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of estimating a NI power value at different locations by using pilots according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a narrowband interference detecting apparatus in a MIMO-OFDM system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an effect diagram A of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the effect B of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention is directed to the drawback of the conventional narrowband interference detection method, and proposes a more accurate narrowband interference detection method for the MIMO-OFDM system, which is combined with the MAP algorithm of the receiving end of the MIMO system, even when the narrowband interference is weak.
  • the location of narrowband interference and The power is detected accurately.
  • the received signal ⁇ can be expressed as
  • the first transmitted signal is the channel response in the frequency domain
  • N k is the additive white noise
  • is the interference, which is the subcarrier number.
  • MIMO-OFDM system decoding uses soft decision decoding.
  • soft decision decoding the baseband demodulator calculates the Euclidean distance between each received bit and the possible transmitted bit (0 or 1) as a measure of the soft decision Viterbi decoding.
  • the interference can also be Gaussian white noise when there is interference, so there is ⁇
  • the optimal decoder in order to accurately calculate the metric of each received bit, must know the location of the noise power, interference power and interference.
  • the present invention first needs to obtain the above-mentioned necessary information to estimate the information of the unknown interference. And through the interference information, adjust the metric value to achieve the effect of interference suppression.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a narrowband interference in a MIM0-0FDM system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Convert a time domain signal received by the receiving end into a frequency domain signal.
  • Step 102 Acquire a channel response of each subcarrier in the frequency domain in the frequency domain.
  • Step 103 Select, in each time-frequency unit, a pilot subcarrier group consisting of two pilots, and a pilot subcarrier group. The two pilots are at different frequency positions of different OFDM symbols;
  • Step 104 Subtract the channel power value of the two subcarriers in the pilot subcarrier group from the signal power sum of the pilot subcarrier group to obtain the NI power value of the pilot subcarrier group, and determine each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit.
  • the NI power value of the carrier
  • the NI power value of each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit is a NI power value of one pilot in the pilot sub-carrier group, that is, the NI power value of the pilot sub-carrier group is divided by two.
  • Step 105 Determine, according to a subcarrier mapping relationship, a physical location of each subcarrier on each OFDM symbol and record the physical position of each subcarrier.
  • Step 106 Perform smoothing processing on different OFDM symbols in the time-frequency unit, and update the NI power value of each subcarrier of the current OFDM symbol to the same physics of the previous OFDM symbol. Partial information of the NI power value of the position subcarrier; the specific formula is
  • the NI power value of the subcarrier of the current OFDM symbol, ⁇ iller 2 _ ⁇ is the ⁇ power value of the same physical position subcarrier of the previous OFDM symbol, “is a smoothing coefficient, and can be set according to actual communication conditions.
  • Step 107 Perform arithmetic average on the NI power values of the same subcarriers in the plurality of antennas, and determine a combined value of the NI power of each subcarrier.
  • Step 108 Determine whether the combined value of the NI power of each subcarrier exceeds a set NI power threshold, and if yes, determine that the subcarrier at the physical location is interfered;
  • the set NI power threshold is K times the noise variance value, and K is an integer.
  • Step 109 Determine, by using the NI power combination value of each subcarrier, the SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio) of each subcarrier, multiply it as a weight by the LLR calculated by the demodulator, and send the multiplication result. Narrowband interference cancellation is performed in the decoder.
  • the time-frequency unit is a MIMO time-frequency unit in an 802.16e uplink PUSC mode, and includes a total of 12 subcarriers and 4 pilots.
  • the first OFDM symbol and the third OFDM symbol include pilot subcarriers, and all subcarriers in the second OFDM symbol are data subcarriers.
  • P1 and P3 are pilot subcarriers in the first OFDM symbol
  • P2 and P4 are pilot subcarriers in the third OFDM symbol
  • P1 and P2 are pilots of user 2
  • P3 and P4 are the guides of user 1. Frequency, the remaining subcarriers are data subcarriers.
  • the power of the first subcarrier group is calculated as follows: The total power of u and w is:
  • the estimated values of the signal power in u and w are:
  • the above method is the power sum of 2 pilots on the entire time-frequency unit, to determine the power of each pilot, the average is taken, that is, For the 8 data subcarriers in the entire time-frequency unit, we consider that the NI value of each data subcarrier is equal to the NI value of the pilot subcarrier, which is also ⁇ /2.
  • FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of estimating the power value of NI at different positions by using pilots according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5. It can be seen from the simulation diagram that the narrowband interference detection algorithm in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively know the size and specific location of the noise and interference power; only the noise is relatively stable when there is no interference, so only one threshold is needed to intercept the interference. Detected.
  • the smoothing of different OFDM symbols can improve the accuracy of the NI estimation to a certain extent, which is more suitable for the changes of the actual communication system.
  • the NI power values of the same subcarriers in the multiple antennas are arithmetically averaged, and the NI power combining values of the subcarriers are determined to prepare for subsequent interference suppression.
  • the specific formula is as follows:
  • is the number of antennas on the receiving base station side.
  • the pilot uses the NI power value estimation and smoothing, the estimation is more accurate.
  • the NI power combination value ⁇ 2 of each subcarrier is close to the noise variance.
  • the power threshold is exceeded, the interference is considered, otherwise ⁇ 2 is the noise floor.
  • the method for detecting interference using the power threshold is as follows:
  • Threshold ka N 2
  • the decoder needs to use the probability measure such as the LLR probability calculated by the demodulator to decode, and each bit LLR needs a reliability measurement weight.
  • the traditional decoder cannot detect the interference information.
  • the measurement weight S/N under interference is not accurate enough, resulting in performance degradation.
  • the LLR of the decoder is
  • LLR SINR k x LLR
  • the decoder uses this information to effectively suppress interference.
  • the SINR weight can measure the reliability of the soft information.
  • the subcarrier with interference has lower SINR, that is, the reliability of soft information is poor.
  • the subcarrier without interference has higher SINR, that is, the reliability of soft information is good.
  • the reliability of soft information can be measured, that is, narrowband interference cancellation can be performed by the decoder without other calculations. Therefore, the system performance can be effectively improved without increasing the computational complexity.
  • the present invention further provides a narrowband interference detecting apparatus in a MIMO-OFDM system
  • FIG. 6 is a structural block diagram of a narrowband interference detecting apparatus in the MIMO-OFDM system according to the present invention, as shown in FIG.
  • the device includes:
  • a pilot subcarrier group selection module 61 configured to select, in each time-frequency unit, a pilot subcarrier group consisting of two pilots, where two pilots in the pilot subcarrier group are in different orthogonal frequencies Dividing the different frequency positions of the multiplexed symbols;
  • the interference noise power value determining module 62 is configured to subtract the signal power of the pilot subcarrier group from the channel response value of the two subcarriers in the pilot subcarrier group to obtain interference of the pilot subcarrier group. a noise power value, according to which an interference noise power value of each subcarrier in the time-frequency unit is determined, where an NI power value of each data subcarrier in the time-frequency unit is a pilot of the pilot sub-carrier group The NI power value is the NI power value of the pilot subcarrier group divided by two;
  • a physical location determining module 63 configured to determine, according to a subcarrier mapping relationship, a physical location of each subcarrier on each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol and record;
  • the smoothing processing module 64 is configured to perform smoothing processing on different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols in the time-frequency unit, and update an interference noise power value of each subcarrier of the current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol to a previous positive Part of the information of the interference noise power value of the same physical position subcarrier of the frequency division multiplexing symbol, the specific formula is Wherein, the NI power value of the subcarrier of the current OFDM symbol, ⁇ remedy 2 _ ⁇ is the ⁇ power value of the same physical position subcarrier of the previous OFDM symbol, “is a smoothing coefficient, and can be set according to actual communication conditions;
  • the interference noise combining module 65 is configured to perform arithmetic average on the interference noise power values of the same subcarriers in the plurality of antennas, and determine an interference noise power combined value of each subcarrier;
  • the determining module 66 is configured to determine whether the interference noise power combined value of each subcarrier exceeds a set interference noise power threshold, and if yes, determine that the subcarrier at the physical location is interfered, wherein the set NI power gate
  • the limit is K times the noise variance value, K is an integer
  • the interference cancellation module 67 is configured to determine a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio of each subcarrier by using an interference noise power combination value of each subcarrier, and multiply the weight-to-noise ratio calculated by the demodulator as a weight. The multiplied result is sent to the decoder for narrowband interference cancellation.
  • FIGs. 7 and 8 The effect of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • the circled curve indicates the case of no interference; the squared curve indicates the interference cancellation; the triangled curve indicates the narrowband interference.
  • the performance is close to that without interference, and is improved by nearly 8 dB compared with the performance when there is interference.
  • the present invention is robust and can effectively suppress narrowband interference, and performance is not lost even in the absence of narrowband interference.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法及装置,所述方法包括:在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波组,所述导频子载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用符号的不同频率位置上;将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波的信道响应值减去所述导频子载波组的信号功率和,得到所述导频子载波组的干扰噪声功率值,根据所述干扰噪声功率值确定出所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值。所述装置包括导频子载波组选择模块和干扰噪声功率值确定模块。本发明能够较准确地估计出窄带干扰信息,即使在窄带干扰较弱时,也能将窄带干扰的位置及功率准确的检测出来。

Description

一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及移动宽带无线接入领域, 尤其涉及一种正交频分复用 ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing , OFDM ) ***中, 在多入多 出 ( Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO )模式下的窄带干扰检测方法及 装置。 背景技术
新一代无线通信***需要较高的传输速率, OFDM技术应运而生。 它 将串行数据分成 N个不同的并行数据流, 在 N个载波上并行传输, 相互没 有干扰, 极大的提高了***的传输速率, 而且, 每个子载波的数据流具有 较低的比特速率, 提高了传输的可靠性。
OFDM 将经过编码调制后的数据作为频域信息, 通过傅立叶逆变换 ( Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform, IDFT ) 变换到时域, 在信道上进行传 输, 而在接收端通过逆变换离散傅立叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT ), 得到经过信道传输后的原始调制数据。
无线通信***的信道环境表现多种多样, 此时传统的单天线***可能 已经很难胜任, 釆用多天线***则可以克服这类问题, MIMO技术即有了 用武之地。
对于无线通信***来说, 如果其发射天线和接收天线都是多根的话, 就是一个 MIMO***, 通过在多个发射天线上发射信号和在多个接收天线 上接收信号, 使每个 MIMO 用户的性能得到提高。 从基站端看, 上行的 MIMO 需要两个用户配合完成, 即协作 MIMO , 空间复用 ( spatial multiplexing, SM ), 每个用户只有一根发射天线。 目前, MIMO***在接收端的检测算法主要包括: 迫零算法(ZF ), 最 小均方误差算法 (MMSE ), 最大后验概率算法(MAP )。
MAP算法在 MIMO译码和信道译码方面的性能表现尤为突出。 使用 MAP算法可以得到比较准确的对数似然比 ( Log-likelihood ratio, LLR )。
然而 MIMO-OFDM***在外界干扰下, 会变的很脆弱, 如图 1所示, 且在外界干扰特性未知的情况下, 对窄带干扰进行抑制十分困难, 故对窄 带干扰进行精确的检测, 包括干扰位置及频率的检测, 是进行窄带干扰消 除的前提也是保证 MIMO-OFDM***性能所必需的。
传统的窄带干扰检测方法是通过设置一定门限将窄带干扰检测出来, 这种方式只适用于窄带干扰较强的环境, 检测出的也只是窄带干扰的功率 及窄带干扰的个数, 并不能确定窄带干扰的具***置, 并且其对于窄带干 4尤较弱的环境也并不适用。 发明内容
本发明提供一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法及装置, 用 以解决现有技术中在窄带干扰较弱时, 无法准确检测窄带干扰功率的问题。
本发明技术方案包括:
本发明提供了一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法, 所述方 法包括:
在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波组, 所述导频子 载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用符号的不同频率位置上;
将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波的信道响应值减去所述导频子载波 组的信号功率和, 得到所述导频子载波组的干扰噪声功率值, 根据所述干 扰噪声功率值确定出所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值。
进一步地, 所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值为所述导频子 载波组中一个导频的干扰噪声功率值, 计算方法为所述导频子载波组的干 扰噪声功率值除以二。
进一步地, 确定出所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值之后, 所述方法还包括:
根据子载波映射关系确定出每个正交频分复用符号上的各子载波的物 理位置并记录。
进一步地, 所述记录之后, 所述方法还包括:
对所述时频单元中的不同正交频分复用符号进行平滑处理, 将当前正 交频分复用符号的每个子载波的干扰噪声功率值, 更新为上一正交频分复 用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值的部分信息, 具体公式为:
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中, σ 为当前正交频分复用符号的子载波的干扰噪声功率值, ση 2_ΙΛ 为上一正交频分复用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值, "为 平滑系数。
进一步地, 所述平滑系数 的取值为 0.618。
进一步地, 所述更新之后, 所述方法还包括:
将多根天线中相同子载波的干扰噪声功率值做算术平均, 确定出各子 载波的干扰噪声功率合并值;
判断各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值是否超过设置的干扰噪声功率门 限值, 若是, 则确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰。
进一步地, 所述设定的干扰噪声功率门限值为 倍的噪声方差值, Κ 为整数。
进一步地, 所述确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰之后, 所述方 法还包括:
利用各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值确定出各子载波的信号与干扰加 噪声比, 将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的对数似然比相乘, 将相乘结果 送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
进一步地, 所述在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波 组之前, 所述方法还包括:
将接收端接收到的时域信号转换为频域信号, 获取所述频域信号中每 个子载波在频域内的信道响应。
一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测装置, 所述装置包括: 导频子载波组选择模块, 用于在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成 的导频子载波组, 所述导频子载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用符 号的不同频率位置上;
干扰噪声功率值确定模块, 用于将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波的 信道响应值减去所述导频子载波组的信号功率和, 得到所述导频子载波组 的干扰噪声功率值, 根据所述干扰噪声功率值确定出所述时频单元中各子 载波的干扰噪声功率值。
进一步地, 所述装置还包括:
物理位置确定模块, 用于根据子载波映射关系确定出每个正交频分复 用符号上的各子载波的物理位置并记录;
平滑处理模块, 用于对所述时频单元中的不同正交频分复用符号进行 平滑处理, 将当前正交频分复用符号的每个子载波的干扰噪声功率值更新 为上一正交频分复用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值的部分 信息;
干扰噪声合并模块, 用于将多根天线中相同子载波的干扰噪声功率值 做算术平均, 确定出各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值;
判断模块 , 用于判断各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值是否超过设置的 干扰噪声功率门限值, 若是, 则确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰。
进一步地, 所述装置还包括: 干扰消除模块, 用于利用各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值确定出各子 载波的信号与干扰加噪声比, 将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的对数似然 比相乘, 将相乘结果送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
本发明有益效果如下:
本发明所述技术方案利用导频信号形成的导频子载波组进行噪声干扰 功率的估计, 能够较准确地估计出窄带干扰信息, 即使在窄带干扰较弱时, 也能将窄带干扰的位置及功率准确的检测出来。 进而通过调整每个子载波 的 SINRk值, 作为每一个接收比特的度量权值送到译码器中, 即可完成窄带 干扰抑制。 本发明计算简单, 窄带干扰抑制效果显著, 能够大幅度提高 MIMO-OFDM***的性能。 附图说明
图 1为 OFDM***受到干 ·ί尤的示意图;
图 2为 MIMO-OFDM***的编码结构图;
图 3为本发明 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法的流程图; 图 4为本发明实施例中时频单元的结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例中利用导频估计不同位置 NI功率值的仿真图; 图 6为本发明所述 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测装置的结构框 图;
图 7为本发明的实施效果图 A;
图 8为本发明的实施效果图 B。 具体实施方式
本发明针对传统的窄带干扰检测方法的缺陷, 提出一种针对 MIMO-OFDM***的较精确的窄带干扰检测方法,使其与 MIMO***接收 端的 MAP算法相结合, 即使在窄带干扰较弱时, 也能将窄带干扰的位置及 功率准确的检测出来。 通过此方法再进行自适应的窄带干扰抑制, 能够大 幅度提高 MIMO-OFDM***的性能。
图 2为 MIMO-OFDM***的编码结构图, 如图 2所示,接收信号 ^可 以表示为
yk = hkxk + NIk
其中, 表示第 个发射信号, 为在频域内的信道响应, Nk表示加 性白噪声, ^为干扰, 为子载波序号。 合并噪声和干扰信号, 即 NIk = Nk + Ik .
MIMO-OFDM ***译码釆用软判决译码。 在软判决译码中, 基带解调 器计算每一个接收比特与可能的发送比特(0或 1 ) 之间的欧氏距离作为 软判决维特比译码的度量值。
为了叙述上的简单, 考虑两个移动用户 (Mobile Station, MS )都使用 16QAM调制。 星座图上的 16个点记为:
c, c ^2 ' "·' C ^16
它们对应的调制前符号的第 k个比特记录为:
Figure imgf000008_0001
现有技术的问题是, 对任何 k (fc=l,2,3,4)都要计算
Figure imgf000008_0002
因为对称性
Figure imgf000009_0001
16
∑∑ ρ(,1 = ,,2 = .,
7=1 C卜 b
Figure imgf000009_0002
其中 = ς, = c;.)表示调制符号组的先验概率。合理的假设是此概率 对所有调制符号组合相同(1/256), 因此
Figure imgf000009_0003
针对高斯白噪声的假设, 另外在有干扰的时候假设干扰也可以是高 斯白噪声 , 因此有 σ
Figure imgf000009_0004
其中 (σ)是 σ的函数, 由于在 LLR的计算中可以约去, 因此不需要给 出具体形式。 使用 MAX-LOG近似
Figure imgf000009_0005
并且再做适当化简可以得到
Figure imgf000009_0006
其中, 表示第 个符号的噪声加干扰方差
Figure imgf000010_0001
当不存在干扰时, 为噪声方差, 可以认为是一个常数, 在度量值的 计算时, 可以忽略; 当存在干扰时, σ ^包含干扰功率, 每一个子载波的 o 都不是一个常数, 如果忽略的话会造成度量值的不匹配, 当干扰比较强时, 这种不匹配程度会非常严重, 从而极大的降低性能。
最优的译码器, 要想精确地计算出每一个接收比特的度量值就必须已 知噪声功率 、 干扰功率 和干扰所在的位置。 本发明为达到接近最优的 译码效果, 首先需要获得上述的几个必备信息, 估计出未知干扰的信息。 并通过干扰信息, 调整度量值, 达到干扰抑制的效果。
图 3为本发明 MIM0-0FDM***中的窄带干扰检测方法的流程图, 如 图 3所示, 所述方法主要包括如下步骤:
步骤 101 , 将接收端接收到的时域信号转换为频域信号;
步骤 102, 获取接收到的频域信号中每个子载波在频域内的信道响应; 步骤 103, 在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波组, 导 频子载波组内的两个导频在不同 OFDM符号的不同频率位置上;
步骤 104,将导频子载波组中两个子载波的信道响应值减去导频子载波 组的信号功率和, 得到导频子载波组的 NI功率值, 据此确定出时频单元中 各子载波的 NI功率值;
其中, 时频单元中各子载波的 NI功率值为所述导频子载波组中一个导 频的 NI功率值, 即为所述导频子载波组的 NI功率值除以二。
步骤 105, 根据子载波映射关系确定出每个 OFDM符号上的各子载波 的物理位置并记录;
步骤 106, 对时频单元中的不同 OFDM符号进行平滑处理, 将当前 OFDM符号的每个子载波的 NI功率值更新为上一 OFDM符号的相同物理 位置子载波的 NI功率值的部分信息; 具体公式为
其中, 为当前 OFDM符号的子载波的 NI 功率值, σ„2_^为上一 OFDM符号的相同物理位置子载波的 ΝΙ功率值, "为平滑系数, 可根据实 际通信条件进行设置。
步骤 107 , 将多根天线中相同子载波的 NI功率值做算术平均, 确定出 各子载波的 NI功率合并值;
步骤 108,判断各子载波的 NI功率合并值是否超过设置的 NI功率门限 值, 若是, 则确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰;
其中, 设定的 NI功率门限值为 K倍的噪声方差值, K为整数。
步骤 109, 利用各子载波的 NI功率合并值确定出各子载波的 SINR (信 号与干扰加噪声比),将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的 LLR相乘,将相乘 结果送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
下面通过一实施例对本发明所述方法的具体实现过程予以进一步详细 的说明。
图 4为本发明实施例中时频单元的结构示意图, 如图 4所示, 该时频 单元为在 802.16e上行 PUSC模式下的 MIMO时频单元, 一共包含 12个子 载波, 有 4个导频子载波, 8个数据子载波。 第一个 OFDM符号和第三个 OFDM符号中包含导频子载波, 第二个 OFDM符号中所有子载波均为数据 子载波。 P1和 P3为第一个 OFDM符号中的导频子载波, P2和 P4为第三 个 OFDM符号中的导频子载波, P1和 P2为用户 2的导频, P3和 P4为用 户 1的导频, 其余的子载波为数据子载波。
本发明实施例中进行窄带干扰检测的具体过程如下:
对于单一用户来说, 在 MIMO下导频只有 1对, 子载波组只有 1个, 只能利用一个时频单元内部的两个导频。以用户 2为例,其导频为 P1和 P2, 第 个子载波组的功率计算如下: u和 w的总功率为:
Figure imgf000012_0001
u和 w中的信号功率的估计值为:
Pc=2xreal(Hl k-H;k)
因此, u ^H21i中的干扰加噪声功率的估计值为: p 1 N =p 1 -p 二
1 C p—
1 p 1 C
由于上述方法是对整个时频单元上 2个导频的功率和, 若要确定每个 导频的功率, 则取平均, 即
Figure imgf000012_0002
整个时频单元中的 8个数据子载波, 我 们认为每个数据子载波的 NI值与导频子载波的 NI值相等, 也为 ^/2。
图 5为本发明实施例中利用导频估计不同位置 NI功率值的仿真图, 如 图 5 所示。 由仿真图可见, 本发明实施例中的窄带干扰检测算法可以有效 地获知噪声和干扰功率的大小和具***置; 在没有受到干扰处只有噪声, 比较平稳, 所以只需要选择一个门限即可以将干扰检测出来。
求得每个 OFDM符号上连续的子载波 的 NIk功率值后,需根据子载波 映射关系 / , 记录其对应的物理位置, 设对应的物理位置为 j , 则有 j = f(k). 至此完成干扰信息获取过程。
不同 OFDM符号的平滑处理, 能够在一定程度上提高 NI估计的准确 度, 这样能更适合于实际通信***的变化情况。 这里釆用以下平滑方式: 将当前 OFDM符号的每个子载波的 NI功率值更新为上一 OFDM符号的相 同物理位置子载波的 NI功率值的部分信息, 具体公式为 其中, 为当前 OFDM符号的子载波的 NI 功率值, σ„2_^为上一 OFDM符号的相同物理位置子载波的 ΝΙ功率值, "为平滑系数, 可根据实 际通信条件进行设置, 在仿真中, 我们取黄金分割数即 " = 0.618。
由于在实际的通信***中, 大多釆用多根接收天线, 提高整体性能。 利用上述步骤获得子载波的 NI功率值后, 将多根天线中相同子载波的 NI 功率值做算术平均, 确定出各子载波的 NI功率合并值 , 为后续干扰抑制 做准备, 具体公式如下:
Rx
Rx
其中 ^为接收端基站侧的天线数目。
由于利用导频进行 NI功率值估计,并通过平滑处理,其估计较为准确, 当无干扰时, 各子载波的 NI 功率合并值 σ2接近于噪声方差, 我们只需将 ΝΙ功率门限值设为若干倍噪声方差即可, 当 超过 ΝΙ功率门限值时, 则 认为有干扰, 否则 σ2为底噪。 釆用 ΝΙ功率门限值对干扰进行检测的方法如 下:
2 afk < threshold
l'k [cr k < fk≥ threshold 这里的门限取为^:倍噪声方差 为整数), 即
threshold = kaN 2
译码器需要使用解调器计算得到的 LLR概率这样的概率度量来进行译 码, 而每个比特 LLR都需要有一个可靠性衡量权值, 传统的译码器由于无 法检测出干扰信息, 在干扰下的衡量权值 S/N 不够准确, 导致性能下降。 我们通过获取干扰信息, 利用各子载波的 NI功率合并值确定出各子载波的 SINRk , 将其作为权值与 LLR相乘, 将相乘结果送到译码器中, 最终送到 译码器的 LLR为
LLR = SINRk x LLR
译码器利用这些信息, 可以有效的抑制干扰。 SINR权值可以衡量软信 息的可靠性, 受到干扰的子载波, SINR较低, 即软信息可靠性较差; 没有 受到干扰的子载波, SINR较高, 即软信息可靠性好。 通过不同的权值, 可 衡量软信息的可靠性, 即可以通过译码器进行窄带干扰消除, 无需其他计 算。 从而能够在不增加计算复杂度的前提下, 有效的提高***性能。
相应于本发明上述方法, 本发明还提供了一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的 窄带干扰检测装置, 图 6为本发明所述 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检 测装置的结构框图, 如图 6所示, 所述装置包括:
导频子载波组选择模块 61 , 用于在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组 成的导频子载波组, 所述导频子载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用 符号的不同频率位置上;
干扰噪声功率值确定模块 62, 用于将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波 的信道响应值减去所述导频子载波组的信号功率和, 得到所述导频子载波 组的干扰噪声功率值, 据此确定出所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功 率值, 其中, 时频单元中各数据子载波的 NI功率值为所述导频子载波组中 一个导频的 NI功率值, 即为所述导频子载波组的 NI功率值除以二;
物理位置确定模块 63 , 用于根据子载波映射关系确定出每个正交频分 复用符号上的各子载波的物理位置并记录;
平滑处理模块 64, 用于对所述时频单元中的不同正交频分复用符号进 行平滑处理, 将当前正交频分复用符号的每个子载波的干扰噪声功率值更 新为上一正交频分复用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值的部 分信息, 具体公式为 其中, 为当前 OFDM符号的子载波的 NI 功率值, σ„2_^为上一 OFDM符号的相同物理位置子载波的 ΝΙ功率值, "为平滑系数, 可根据实 际通信条件进行设置;
干扰噪声合并模块 65 , 用于将多根天线中相同子载波的干扰噪声功率 值做算术平均, 确定出各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值;
判断模块 66, 用于判断各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值是否超过设置 的干扰噪声功率门限值, 若是, 则确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰, 其中, 设定的 NI功率门限值为 K倍的噪声方差值, K为整数;
干扰消除模块 67 , 用于利用各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值确定出各 子载波的信号与干扰加噪声比, 将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的对数似 然比相乘, 将相乘结果送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
本发明的实施效果如图 7和图 8所示, 在图 7和图 8中, 带圓圈的曲 线表示无干扰的情况; 带方块的曲线表示干扰消除的情况; 带三角形的曲 线表示窄带干扰的情况。 图 7仿真釆用 QPSK调制方式, CTC1/2编码, 在 1根发射天线, 4根接收天线下, 经过信道 ITU VA60 Km/h, 在干扰强度 INR=20dB下进行, 釆用本发明进行窄带干扰检测和抑制后, 与无干扰时性 能接近, 与存在干扰时性能相比提升了 8dB; 图 8仿真釆用 16QAM调制方 式, CTC3/4编码, 在 1根发射天线, 4根接收天线下, 经过信道 ITU VA60 Km/h, 在干扰强度 INR=20dB下进行, 釆用本发明进行窄带干扰检测和抑 制后, 与无干扰时性能接近, 与存在干扰时性能相比提升了将近 8dB。 由 图 7及图 8可知, 本发明的鲁棒性强, 能够有效的抑制窄带干扰, 即使在 没有窄带干扰情况下, 性能也不会有所损失。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围, 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进 等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种 MIMO-OFDM ***中的窄带干扰检测方法, 其特征在于, 所 述方法包括:
在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波组, 所述导频子 载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用符号的不同频率位置上;
将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波的信道响应值减去所述导频子载波 组的信号功率和, 得到所述导频子载波组的干扰噪声功率值, 根据所述干 扰噪声功率值确定出所述时频单元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述时频单元中各子载 波的干扰噪声功率值为所述导频子载波组中一个导频的干扰噪声功率值; 所述干扰噪声功率值的计算方法为所述导频子载波组的干扰噪声功率值除 以二。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述确定出所述时频单 元中各子载波的干扰噪声功率值之后, 所述方法还包括:
根据子载波映射关系确定出每个正交频分复用符号上的各子载波的物 理位置并记录。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述记录之后, 所述方 法还包括:
对所述时频单元中的不同正交频分复用符号进行平滑处理, 将当前正 交频分复用符号的每个子载波的干扰噪声功率值, 更新为上一正交频分复 用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值的信息, 具体公式为:
其中, 为当前正交频分复用符号的子载波的干扰噪声功率值, ση 2_Ι 为上一正交频分复用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值, "为 平滑系数。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述平滑系数"的取值 为 0.618。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述更新之后, 所述方 法还包括:
将多根天线中相同子载波的干扰噪声功率值做算术平均, 确定出各子 载波的干扰噪声功率合并值;
判断各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值是否超过设置的干扰噪声功率门 限值, 超过时确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述设定的干扰噪声功 率门限值为 K倍的噪声方差值, K为整数。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述确定在该物理位置 上的子载波受到干扰之后, 所述方法还包括:
利用各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值确定出各子载波的信号与干扰加 噪声比, 将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的对数似然比相乘, 将相乘结果 送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述在每个时频单元中 选择由两个导频组成的导频子载波组之前, 所述方法还包括:
将接收端接收到的时域信号转换为频域信号, 获取所述频域信号中每 个子载波在频域内的信道响应。
10、 一种 MIMO-OFDM***中的窄带干扰检测装置, 其特征在于, 所 述装置包括:
导频子载波组选择模块, 用于在每个时频单元中选择由两个导频组成 的导频子载波组, 所述导频子载波组内的两个导频在不同正交频分复用符 号的不同频率位置上;
干扰噪声功率值确定模块, 用于将所述导频子载波组中两个子载波的 信道响应值减去所述导频子载波组的信号功率和, 得到所述导频子载波组 的干扰噪声功率值, 根据所述干扰噪声功率值确定出所述时频单元中各子 载波的干扰噪声功率值。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 物理位置确定模块, 用于根据子载波映射关系确定出每个正交频分复 用符号上的各子载波的物理位置并记录;
平滑处理模块, 用于对所述时频单元中的不同正交频分复用符号进行 平滑处理, 将当前正交频分复用符号的每个子载波的干扰噪声功率值更新 为上一正交频分复用符号的相同物理位置子载波的干扰噪声功率值的部分 信息;
干扰噪声合并模块, 用于将多根天线中相同子载波的干扰噪声功率值 做算术平均, 确定出各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值;
判断模块 , 用于判断各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值是否超过设置的 干扰噪声功率门限值, 若是, 则确定在该物理位置上的子载波受到干扰。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 干扰消除模块, 用于利用各子载波的干扰噪声功率合并值确定出各子 载波的信号与干扰加噪声比, 将其作为权值与解调器计算得到的对数似然 比相乘, 将相乘结果送到译码器中进行窄带干扰消除。
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