WO2012028051A1 - 大型空溶洞隧道支护体系 - Google Patents
大型空溶洞隧道支护体系 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012028051A1 WO2012028051A1 PCT/CN2011/078257 CN2011078257W WO2012028051A1 WO 2012028051 A1 WO2012028051 A1 WO 2012028051A1 CN 2011078257 W CN2011078257 W CN 2011078257W WO 2012028051 A1 WO2012028051 A1 WO 2012028051A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- frame
- cave
- cavity
- karst cave
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tunnel support system for tunnel crossing large empty caves, belonging to the field of tunnels and underground engineering. Background technique
- Tunnel construction in karst areas often encounters various types of karst.
- the roof of the cave may fall, which will cause great damage to the tunnel construction and operation, which may cause casualties and interruption of operations.
- the tunnel through the large empty cave is mainly processed for the roof of the cave and the tunnel structure, that is, the roof of the cave is protected by a spray anchor net, an anchor cable, an active net, etc., and the tunnel location is set to the open tunnel structure, and A buffer structure is arranged at the top of the open hole to prevent the rockfall from damaging the tunnel structure and affecting the operation safety.
- the existing treatment methods have the following problems:
- the cave hall is large in scale, and the roof protection needs to be provided with a large number of temporary brackets.
- the construction period is long and the cost is high.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background art.
- a support system combining roof protection and tunnel structure is adopted to prevent the roof of the cave roof from falling, thereby ensuring construction and operation. Safe and reliable.
- a large empty cave tunnel supporting system including a pillar supporting structure and a frame tunnel structure; wherein: the pillar supporting structure is located on both sides of the tunnel in the cave, and is used for Supporting the top of the cave; the frame tunnel structure is composed of a lower tunnel frame and an upper support frame, and the upper support frame is located above and integrated with the lower tunnel frame; the inner contour of the tunnel cavity of the lower tunnel frame is consistent with the normal tunnel; the upper support frame Extending to the top of the cave; at the top of the upper support frame is provided a cavity with an open upper end, the open portion of the cavity corresponding to the top of the cave, and the backfill concrete in the cavity is in close contact with the top of the cave.
- the pillar support structure is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel within the cave.
- the pillar top structure is composed of a pillar foundation, a column and a top cap, and the pillar foundation 5 is filled with concrete, located on the bedrock at the bottom of the cave, the top cap 6 is in close contact with the top 2 of the cave, and the pillar is placed on the reinforced concrete site. Between the column foundation and the top cap.
- the lower tunnel frame of the frame tunnel structure has a circular cross section;
- the upper support frame is composed of two sides of the ear wall and a horizontal plate between the ear walls, and the two sides of the ear wall are vertically arranged, and the lower ends are respectively arranged with a circle.
- the two sides of the lower tunnel frame are integrally connected, and the upper end extends to the top surface of the karst, and the horizontal plate is located above the circular lower tunnel frame near the top surface of the karst.
- the frame tunnel structure is reinforced concrete on-site pouring.
- the invention utilizes the pillar top structure and the frame tunnel structure to actively protect the top surface of the karst cave, prevents the unstable rock mass from falling on the top surface of the karst cave, and ensures the safety of construction and operation.
- the support system combining the top protection and the tunnel structure fully utilizes the protection capability of the entire support system, reduces the construction cost, and ensures the safety and reliability of the tunnel structure.
- Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment
- Figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of I-I in Figure 1.
- the embodiment relates to a tunnel support system for a large empty cave 1 , and is particularly suitable for a support structure for a tunnel to cross a large empty cave section, which is mainly composed of a pillar support structure, a frame tunnel structure and a frame.
- the top is backfilled with concrete.
- the pillar top structure is composed of a pillar foundation 5, a pillar 4 and a top cap 6.
- the pillar 4 is casted on the reinforced concrete site to support the top surface 2 of the cave 1 to prevent the rock mass on the top surface of the large empty cavern from falling;
- the foundation 5 is filled with concrete and placed on the base rock at the bottom of the cave to ensure stability; the top cap 6 is in close contact with the top surface 2 of the cave.
- a plurality of the above-mentioned pillar top structures are arranged longitudinally along both sides of the tunnel to prevent the rock mass on the top surface of the large empty cavern from falling.
- the frame tunnel structure is composed of a lower tunnel frame and an upper support frame, and the upper support frame is located above and connected to the lower tunnel frame, and the structure adopts reinforced concrete to ensure safe operation of the train;
- the cross section of the lower tunnel frame 7 is Circular, the inner contour of the tunnel cavity is consistent with the normal tunnel;
- the upper support frame is composed of the two sides of the ear wall 10
- the horizontal plate 9 is located between the two sides of the ear wall, the two sides of the ear wall 10 are vertically arranged, the lower end is respectively integrated with the two sides of the circular lower tunnel frame, and the upper end extends to the top surface of the karst hole, which is beneficial to the top surface of the karst hole 2 stable.
- the transverse plate 9 is located above the circular lower tunnel frame near the top surface of the karst.
- An upper open cavity is arranged above the upper support frame transverse plate 9.
- the open portion of the cavity corresponds to the top surface of the karst, the cavity is filled with backfill concrete 8, and the backfill concrete 8 is in close contact with the top of the karst.
- the protective roof area is enlarged to ensure the protection effect.
- the invention adopts the pillar top structure and the frame tunnel structure to actively protect the top surface of the karst cave, prevents the unstable rock mass of the karst cave roof from falling and causes damage to the tunnel structure, and combines the top surface protection of the karst cave and the tunnel support structure to fully exert
- the structural protection capability reduces the construction cost and ensures the safety and reliability of the tunnel structure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
大型空溶洞隧道支护体系 技术领域
本发明涉及一种隧道穿越大型空溶洞的隧道支护体系, 属于隧道及地下工程领域。 背景技术
在岩溶地区修建隧道工程经常遭遇各种岩溶类型, 当隧道穿越大型空溶洞时, 溶洞 顶板可能会发生块体坠落, 对隧道施工及运营造成极大的危害, 易造成人员伤亡及运营 中断。
现有技术中对隧道穿越大型空溶洞主要是针对溶洞顶板和隧道结构分别进行处理, 即对溶洞顶板采取喷锚网、锚索、主动网等方式进行防护, 线路位置设置明洞隧道结构, 并在明洞顶设置缓冲结构, 防止溶洞顶板局部落石破坏隧道结构, 影响运营安全, 现有 处理方式存在以下问题:
1、 溶洞大厅规模较大, 顶板防护需要设置大量临时支架, 施工周期长, 造价较高。
2、 溶洞顶板在施做喷锚网、 锚索、 主动网时, 进一步扰动溶洞顶板岩块, 可能发生 掉块, 施工过程中存在安全隐患。
3、 隧道结构设计时, 考虑顶板可能发生的岩块坠落, 按照被动受力考虑, 隧道结构 过于厚重, 不经济。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述背景技术存在的不足, 一种隧道穿越大型空溶洞时, 为防止溶洞顶板块体坠落而采用的顶板防护和隧道结构相结合的支护体系, 确保施工及 运营的安全可靠。
为实现上述目的, 本发明采用如下技术方案: 大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 包括立柱 支顶结构和框架式隧道结构; 其特征在于: 所述立柱支顶结构位于溶洞内隧道两侧, 用 于支撑溶洞顶部; 所述框架式隧道结构由下层隧道框架和上层支撑框架组成, 上层支撑 框架位于下层隧道框架上方并连为一体; 下层隧道框架的隧道空腔内轮廓与正常隧道一 致; 上层支撑框架延伸到溶洞顶部; 在上层支撑框架顶部设有上端敞开的空腔, 该空腔 敞开部分与溶洞顶部对应, 该空腔内回填混泥土与溶洞顶部紧密接触。
优选地, 所述立柱支顶结构在溶洞内沿隧道纵向排列。
优选地, 所述立柱支顶结构由立柱基础、 立柱和顶帽组成, 立柱基础 5采用混凝土 灌注, 位于溶洞底部基岩上, 顶帽 6与溶洞顶部 2紧密接触, 立柱采用钢筋混凝土现场 浇筑, 位于立柱基础与顶帽之间。
优选地, 所述框架式隧道结构的下层隧道框架横截面为圆形; 上层支撑框架由两侧 耳墙和位于两侧耳墙之间的横板组成, 所述两侧耳墙垂直布置, 下端分别与圆形下层隧 道框架两侧连位一体, 上端伸至溶洞顶面位置, 所述横板位于圆形下层隧道框架上方靠 近溶洞顶面位置。
优选地, 所述框架式隧道结构采用钢筋混凝土现场浇筑。
本发明利用立柱支顶结构和框架式隧道结构对溶洞顶面进行主动防护, 防止了溶洞 顶面不稳定岩体坠落, 保证了施工及运营安全。 尤其采取顶面防护和隧道结构相结合的 支护体系, 充分发挥了整个支护体系的防护能力, 降低了工程造价, 保证了隧道结构安 全、 可靠。
附图说明
图 1本实施例横断面示意图;
图 2是图 1中 I 一 I纵断面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例, 对本发明做进一步详细说明, 以便于同行业技术人员的理 解。
如图 1、 2所示, 本实施例涉及大型空溶洞 1的隧道支护体系, 特别适用于隧道穿越 大型空溶洞段的支护结构, 其主要由立柱支顶结构、 框架式隧道结构以及框架顶部回填 混凝土组成。
1 )所述的立柱支顶结构由立柱基础 5、 立柱 4和顶帽 6组成, 立柱 4采用钢筋混凝 土现场浇筑, 支撑溶洞 1的顶面 2, 防止大型空溶洞顶面岩体坍落; 立柱基础 5采用混 凝土灌注, 位于溶洞底部 3基岩上, 以保证稳定; 顶帽 6与溶洞顶面 2紧密接触。 在溶 洞内沿隧道两侧纵向排列有多个上述立柱支顶结构, 防止大型空溶洞顶面岩体坍落。
2)所述框架式隧道结构由下层隧道框架和上层支撑框架组成,上层支撑框架位于下 层隧道框架上方并连为一体, 结构采取钢筋混凝土, 保证列车运营安全; 所述下层隧道 框架 7横截面为圆形, 其隧道空腔内轮廓与正常隧道一致; 上层支撑框架由两侧耳墙 10
和位于两侧耳墙之间的横板 9组成,所述两侧耳墙 10垂直布置,下端分别与圆形下层隧 道框架两侧连位一体, 上端伸至溶洞顶面位置, 有利于溶洞顶面 2稳定。 所述横板 9位 于圆形下层隧道框架上方靠近溶洞顶面位置。
在上层支撑框架横板 9的上方设有上端敞开的空腔, 该空腔敞开部分与溶洞顶面对 应, 该空腔内填满回填混泥土 8, 回填混凝土 8与溶洞顶部紧密接触, 加大了防护顶板 面积, 确保了防护效果。
本发明采取立柱支顶结构和框架式隧道结构对溶洞顶面进行主动防护, 防止溶洞顶 板不稳定岩体发生坠落对隧道结构造成破坏, 把溶洞顶面防护和隧道支护结构相结合, 充分发挥结构防护能力, 降低工程造价, 保证隧道结构安全和可靠。
Claims
1、 大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 包括立柱支顶结构和框架式隧道结构; 其特征在于: 所述立柱支顶结构位于溶洞内隧道两侧, 用于支撑溶洞顶部; 所述框架式隧道结构由下 层隧道框架和上层支撑框架组成, 上层支撑框架位于下层隧道框架上方并连为一体; 下 层隧道框架的隧道空腔内轮廓与正常隧道一致; 上层支撑框架延伸到溶洞顶部; 在上层 支撑框架顶部设有上端敞开的空腔, 该空腔敞开部分与溶洞顶部对应, 该空腔内回填混 泥土与溶洞顶部紧密接触。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 其特征在于: 所述立柱支顶结 构在溶洞内沿隧道纵向排列。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 其特征在于: 所述立柱支顶结 构由立柱基础、 立柱和顶帽组成, 立柱基础 (5)采用混凝土灌注, 位于溶洞底部基岩上, 顶帽 (6)与溶洞顶部 (2)紧密接触, 立柱采用钢筋混凝土现场浇筑, 位于立柱基础与顶帽之 间。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 其特征在于: 所述框架式隧道 结构的下层隧道框架横截面为圆形; 上层支撑框架由两侧耳墙和位于两侧耳墙之间的横 板组成, 所述两侧耳墙垂直布置, 下端分别与圆形下层隧道框架两侧连位一体, 上端伸 至溶洞顶面位置, 所述横板位于圆形下层隧道框架上方靠近溶洞顶面位置。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4中至少一项所述的大型空溶洞隧道支护体系, 其特征在于: 所 述框架式隧道结构采用钢筋混凝土现场浇筑。
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CN201010265753.7 | 2010-08-30 | ||
CN 201010265753 CN101922300B (zh) | 2010-08-30 | 2010-08-30 | 大型空溶洞隧道支护体系 |
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