WO2012023354A1 - 電子線装置 - Google Patents
電子線装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012023354A1 WO2012023354A1 PCT/JP2011/065547 JP2011065547W WO2012023354A1 WO 2012023354 A1 WO2012023354 A1 WO 2012023354A1 JP 2011065547 W JP2011065547 W JP 2011065547W WO 2012023354 A1 WO2012023354 A1 WO 2012023354A1
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- electrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/261—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/261—Details
- H01J37/265—Controlling the tube; circuit arrangements adapted to a particular application not otherwise provided, e.g. bright-field-dark-field illumination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/153—Correcting image defects, e.g. stigmators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/20—Positioning, supporting, modifying or maintaining the physical state of objects being observed or treated
- H01J2237/202—Movement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/20—Positioning, supporting, modifying or maintaining the physical state of objects being observed or treated
- H01J2237/202—Movement
- H01J2237/20207—Tilt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/20—Positioning, supporting, modifying or maintaining the physical state of objects being observed or treated
- H01J2237/202—Movement
- H01J2237/20221—Translation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electron beam apparatus such as a low-acceleration scanning electron microscope in which an electron beam is incident on a sample with low acceleration.
- the scanning electron microscope is used for observing samples in many directions because it can see the fine structure.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the sample is less damaged, and the electron beam penetration depth is small, so that the surface nanostructure can be observed. It is extremely useful for its merit that it is easy to observe samples that are easily charged because there are conditions to balance the amount of emitted electrons.
- a technique for suppressing the chromatic aberration is essential for high-resolution observation.
- One of them is a semi-in lens or a snorkel lens in which an on-axis magnetic field peak is obtained on the sample side of the objective lens by devising the magnetic path of the objective lens.
- Another technique is a retarding method that generates an electric field that decelerates an electron beam of a probe between a sample and an objective lens (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a negative voltage is applied to the sample.
- the energy passing through the objective lens can be increased even if the energy incident on the sample is reduced, the chromatic aberration of the objective lens is reduced.
- high-resolution observation can be realized even at low incident energy.
- SE secondary electrons
- BSE backscattered electrons
- Patent Document 1 uses another lens provided on the electron source side of the objective lens or a detection ExB field (a state in which the electric field and the magnetic field are orthogonal), and changes the trajectory due to the difference in energy. Thus, a method of discriminating is disclosed.
- the user wants to change the energy incident on the sample for observation, but for this purpose, the acceleration voltage of the probe electron beam is changed.
- the conditions of the electron optical system change, it is necessary to readjust. It took time and skill to change the focus, astigmatism, field of view, contrast and brightness of the image.
- it is easy to have a function to automate these it is difficult to cope with all the assumed cases, it becomes a response under limited conditions, and the cost of the equipment becomes high, and it becomes expensive was there.
- Patent Document 1 when trying to discriminate energy generated at the time of retarding under higher resolution conditions in order to meet demands that are expected to increase in the future, there are cases where energy discrimination is not always successful depending on the sample. I understood it. Many have found that the retarding field formed is not necessarily axisymmetric.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a retarding voltage is slightly changed and adjustment is performed by an electromagnetic field aligner so that image movement is minimized.
- condition adjusted in this method is established in the case of a specific retarding electric field and incident energy, and needs to be adjusted every time the condition changes. Furthermore, there is a concern that energy discrimination with high resolution is difficult for the following reasons. That is, it is not always a preferable condition for the generated SE because the energy is different.
- BSE the alignment performed by a magnetic field does not follow the same trajectory as the probe electrons in the reverse direction, but rather takes a trajectory that is more off-axis.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electron beam apparatus that can reduce the influence of the non-axial symmetry of the retarding electric field and can acquire information by energy discrimination under low acceleration and high resolution conditions.
- the main feature of the present invention is that the electron beam apparatus has means for visualizing the axis deviation of the retarding electric field and means for adjusting the axis deviation by changing the tilt of the sample stage.
- the means for visualizing the misalignment of the retarding electric field which is the above feature, and the means for adjusting the misalignment by changing the tilt of the sample stage, the field deviation due to the retarding electric field and the misalignment of the detection electron trajectory are reduced. Therefore, an electron beam apparatus capable of acquiring information by energy discrimination under low acceleration and high resolution conditions can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an electron beam apparatus (scanning electron microscope system) according to a first embodiment.
- the electron beam apparatus which concerns on a 1st Example it is a SEM image for demonstrating visualization of the axis shift of a retarding electric field.
- the electron beam apparatus which concerns on a 1st Example it is a perspective view of the sample stand for demonstrating the axis offset adjustment of a retarding electric field.
- An example of the operation panel of the axis deviation visualization means and axis deviation adjustment means of the retarding electric field in the electron beam apparatus according to the first embodiment is shown.
- It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the principal part (inside of a housing
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of the principal part (inside of a housing
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of an SEM image showing an example of the adjusted state
- (d) is a perspective view showing the movement of the sample stage when adjusting from the (a) state to the (b) state
- (e) is the (b) state.
- (C) is a perspective view showing the movement of the sample stage when adjusting to the state (c)
- (f) is a cross-sectional view of the sample with an axial deviation
- (g) is a cross-sectional view of the sample with the axial deviation adjusted
- ( h) shows a flowchart for adjusting the misalignment.
- FIG. 1A is a conceptual diagram of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) system that is one of the electron beam apparatuses according to the first embodiment.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- This is a sample stage mechanism (5) in which an electron gun 13, a condenser lens 30, an electron lens as an objective lens 3, a deflector 2, a detector 7 for secondary electrons and reflected electrons, and a sample 4 are placed and moved to determine an observation region. 8, 12), vacuum container (housing) 72, SEM image display device 14, controller 80 for controlling the entire SEM, vacuum exhaust equipment (not shown), vibration isolation mechanism (not shown), and the like. .
- the electron gun 13 corresponds to any of various electron sources 70 such as CFE (Cold Field Emission), SE (Schottky Emission), and thermionic Emission.
- CFE Cold Field Emission
- SE Schottky Emission
- thermionic Emission the direction of the electron beam 1 serving as a probe is changed by the deflector 2, passes through the center of the objective lens 3, and converges and enters the sample 4 on the sample stage 5.
- the objective lens 3 is the semi-in-lens type described above, and the main surface of the magnetic lens is closer to the sample 4 side than the objective lens 3 to reduce aberrations. Further, a negative voltage is applied to the sample stage 5 from a Vr power source (retarding power source) 11. This is because in order to reduce the chromatic aberration of the objective lens 3 at low acceleration (from 5 kV or less to about 10 V), the acceleration voltage V0 of the probe electron beam is set high in advance and is decelerated immediately before the sample by the potential of Vr. is doing. Therefore, an electric field is formed between the lower surface (0 V) of the objective lens.
- Vr power source reference voltage
- the secondary electrons 9 generated in the sample have a low initial velocity (a peak is about 2-3V), the secondary electrons 9 are accelerated by the electric field generated here and travel in the objective lens 3 in the opposite direction to the probe electron beam 1.
- secondary electrons will be described, but reflected electrons can also be used.
- the detector 7 uses an ET type detector, and includes a phosphor, a light guide, and a photomultiplier tube. That is, when the detection electrons 10 are incident on a phosphor applied with a bias voltage of about +10 kV, the generated light is converted into an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube, appropriately amplified, and sent to the SEM controller, an SEM image of the sample is obtained. It is done.
- the condition of the objective lens 3 is set so that the secondary electrons 9 are focused on the reflector 6. Under this condition, when the magnification of the trajectory by the deflector 2 is increased, the secondary electrons 9 are not detected when the secondary electrons 9 converge in the center hole of the reflector 6. The image becomes dark.
- the secondary electrons 9 are detected when they hit the outside of the hole, a bright SEM image is obtained, and the inside of the hole is observed as a dark round hole. In some cases, as shown in FIG. 1B, a lot of detection electrons are generated only from this portion due to the edge effect at the edge (inner edge) 6a of the hole of the reflecting plate 6, so that a ring with a bright border is obtained.
- the rotation and inclination of the sample stage 5 are adjusted, and the ring Make sure the structure is centered.
- This rotation and tilting are performed by rotating the sample table 5 around the center O by the angle A with the vertical line AO as the central axis, and tilting the table by the angle ⁇ with the in-plane line QO as the axis. Point.
- the center position of the rotation tilt is not necessarily the observation center due to the function of the sample stage 5, it is necessary to appropriately move the observation region by moving the x, y, and z axes, that is, up and down, left and right.
- the sample stage 5 to which the retarding voltage Vr is applied in order to form this function is a conductive material, for example, aluminum, and there is no electrical contact with the inclined rotation mechanism 8 by the insulating holder 12. It is like that.
- an operation panel as shown in FIG. 2 is provided on the operation screen of the SEM.
- This function is used as an axis alignment when applying a retarding voltage in order to observe with low acceleration and high resolution.
- the operator can easily align the axis while viewing the visualized image of the axis deviation of the retarding electric field.
- this operation panel is displayed on the display device 14. Called in advance from the basic operation screen with commands or buttons.
- the retarding voltage Vr is determined. This may already be applied, but acceleration may be set on this panel.
- the acceleration setting slider 25 and the acceleration display window 24 display the energy incident on the current sample as acceleration.
- a voltage Vr is applied.
- the probe acceleration voltage V0 is displayed in the probe voltage display window 23.
- this operation panel is displayed on the display device 14 here, it may be a dedicated operation panel.
- the excitation current of the objective lens 3 and the diagram above it are not included so that the secondary electron 9 is focused on the reflector 6 as shown in FIG.
- the image shown in FIG. 1B is displayed, and the rotation angle ⁇ and the inclination angle ⁇ of the sample stage 5 are adjusted by the inclination rotation mechanism 8 so that the image comes to the center (FIG. 1C).
- This operation is performed by the axis adjustment unit 22 at the bottom of the panel in FIG.
- a check box 221, a slider 222, a numerical value display window 223, and an increase / decrease button 224 are provided for rotation and inclination, respectively, and the check box 221 is checked to enable adjustment, and the slider 222 roughly adjusts rotation and inclination. I do.
- an automatic alignment start button 21 may be installed and automatically adjusted by pressing this button.
- the acceleration setting slider 25 in FIG. 2 is adjusted to change the acceleration voltage (in this case, the energy incident on the sample), the field of view is shifted. Since it does not occur or is extremely small, the same place can be observed by changing the incident energy. In this case, since the focus and the brightness of the detected electrons change, it is possible to acquire images with different incident energies in the same field of view simply by readjusting the focus, contrast, and brightness.
- the adjustment of the focal point is performed by changing the excitation current of the objective lens 3.
- the objective of observing information discrimination and electron beam incident energy easily under low acceleration and high resolution conditions, and means for visualizing the misalignment of the retarding electric field and the tilt of the sample stage. It was realized by having a means to adjust the axis deviation by changing.
- the configuration of FIG. 1A is used, but the same effect can be obtained if the retarding method is used.
- BSE is detected by the first reflecting plate 601
- SE signal that has passed through the detector is detected by the second reflecting plate 602, it is performed once.
- an image bound to the surface irregularity information of the SE is obtained.
- the lens 300 may be inserted in an intermediate electron optical system. In this case, since the degree of freedom of the objective lens 3 is increased, high-resolution observation can be performed in a wider range.
- ExB31 is placed immediately above the objective lens 3. This is because the electric field E and the magnetic field B are orthogonal to each other and perpendicular to the axis through which the probe electron beam 1 passes, and the intensity of E and B is affected by the probe electron beam 1 incident thereon. There is no combination chosen.
- the incident probe electron beam 1 is not affected, but the electron beam generated from the sample and the low-speed electrons generated from the first reflector 601 are drawn to the plus side by the electric field E.
- a first detector 701 which can detect low energy electrons.
- the control mechanism of the sample stage with rotation and inclination each having one axis is used.
- a sample stage mechanism 50 configured as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5 may be used.
- the z1 axis stage, the ⁇ x axis stage, the ⁇ y axis stage, the x axis stage, the y axis stage, and the z2 axis stage are stacked in order from the bottom.
- the point O that does not move even when ⁇ x and ⁇ y rotate is on the axis of the probe electron beam 1.
- the region of the sample on the sample stage 5 to be observed is determined by the respective axis stages of z, y, and z2, and ⁇ x and ⁇ y are adjusted while applying the retarding voltage and observing the axis deviation. At this time, since the observation area does not deviate, the observation can be performed immediately after alignment.
- the distance WD between the sample stage 5 and the objective lens 3 that determines the resolution and field of view is adjusted by the z1-axis stage.
- FIG. 6A shows a semiconductor detector 64, which is mainly made of Si.
- Reference numeral 60 denotes a hole
- reference numeral 61 denotes a dead zone
- reference numeral 62 denotes a detection area
- reference numeral 63 denotes a case.
- FIG. 6B shows a scintillator 66 having a hole 60 in the center (phosphor that emits light upon incidence of an electron beam), and a light guide 65 that carries the emitted light to the outside is attached. Light is detected outside to form an image. In order for the phosphor to emit light, a certain amount of incident energy of electrons is required.
- YAG Ce (yttrium, aluminum, garnet is doped with cerium) requires 5 kV or more, and secondary electrons are In order to detect, it is necessary to accelerate the secondary electrons to 5 kV or more, and this voltage may be given as a retarding voltage, or if a bias of about +3 kV is applied to the YAG detector itself, the retarding is applied. The same effect can be obtained when the voltage is 2 kV. In this case, in order not to affect the probe electron beam 1, a shield pipe such as a center hole and a shield such as a metal mesh above and below the detector are effective. If the phosphor emits light at a low speed, for example, P15 (ZnO), light is emitted even at 100 eV or less, so that a bias is unnecessary.
- P15 ZnO
- these detectors can be made thin, they are effective for detecting in narrow places. For example, it is good to use for SEM like FIG.
- the backscattered electron BSE is detected exclusively by the semiconductor detector 64 placed under the objective lens 3 and SE is detected by the in-column detector, a lot of information can be obtained at one time.
- the incident energy of the probe electron beam can be changed by the retarding voltage to observe a certain portion of the sample, pole surface information, internal crystal information, composition information, fine irregularities, charging information, etc. can be discriminated.
- the visual field shift may be large in the extremely low acceleration region where the incident energy is 100 eV or less.
- the axes should be aligned with the incident energy desired to be used.
- the retarding voltage is the same as or slightly larger than the acceleration (the incident energy of the probe electron beam 1 to the sample is zero or minus)
- the number of electrons incident on the sample decreases, and most of the electrons rebound by the electric field from the sample.
- the axis may be aligned under mirror conditions. In this case, secondary electrons produced by electrons slightly incident on the sample are measured by the energy distribution of the probe electron beam 1, or an electron beam (mirror reflected electron beam) 40 reflected by a mirror as shown in FIG.
- the intensity of secondary electrons (detection electrons) 10 generated from the objective lens 3 is preferably measured by the detector 7 by being converged on the lower surface of the objective lens 3.
- Such an ultra-low acceleration electron beam is suitable for observation of molecules and atomic layers on the surface of a monolayer, measurement of fine flaws on an insulator surface, and the like.
- the detector in the acceleration cylinder 73 in the column uses a scintillator 66 and a light guide 65.
- the acceleration cylinder 73 and the scintillator 66 have a positive voltage for accelerating the probe electron beam 1 from 3 to 8 kV. Select and apply.
- the secondary electrons 9 acquire the energy of the accelerating cylinder 73 and enter the scintillator 66, so that the secondary electrons 9 are effectively converted into light and converted into electric signals by the photomultiplier tube 71.
- the semiconductor detector 64 placed directly under the objective lens mainly detects BSE.
- the sample stage mechanism 50 using the retarding method is omitted as including an insulator, fine movement, tilt mechanism, and the like.
- the axis alignment here is performed by looking at the position of the hole 60 in the SEM image by the scintillator 66. Alternatively, it may be performed at the position of the insensitive region in the lower semiconductor detector 64 close to the mirror condition. As an advantage in this case, aberration under low acceleration conditions is reduced, and high resolution is achieved. Furthermore, since the incident energy can be continuously changed by changing the retarding voltage, there is an advantage that image information can be obtained easily and in a more detailed incident energy condition in a short time.
- the non-axial symmetry of the retarding electric field is provided by providing the means for visualizing the axial deviation of the retarding electric field and the means for adjusting the axial deviation by changing the inclination of the sample stage.
- an electron beam apparatus that can reduce the influence of the above and can acquire information by energy discrimination under low acceleration and high resolution conditions.
- an operation panel for controlling these means it is possible to easily reduce the axis deviation.
- aligning the retarding electric field it is possible to suppress visual field shift due to a change in the retarding voltage (change in incident energy of the probe electron beam).
- FIG. 8A is a conceptual diagram of a main part of the electron beam apparatus (scanning electron microscope system) according to the present embodiment.
- the retarding power supply 11 includes a wobbler power supply 81 having a frequency f in addition to the constant voltage power supply 84, and a resistor 83 having a value of RL is inserted between the constant voltage power supply 84 and the sample stage 5.
- the signal from the wobbler power supply 81 is transmitted to the sample stage 5 through the coupling capacitor 82 having the value of Cc.
- the voltage of the sample stage is superimposed on the retarding voltage Vr by an AC signal having an amplitude (wobbler signal) Vw.
- the wobbler signal Vw is about 20V to 10V with respect to the retarding voltage Vr of 1-2 kV.
- the actual axis adjustment is performed according to the flow of FIG.
- a voltage of 1-2 kV is applied to the sample stage 5 as a retarding voltage, and a region to be observed is determined by SEM observation at a low magnification. Switch on this to start the axis adjustment.
- the window shown in FIG. 11A is displayed on the monitor and the wobbler button 100 is clicked, this is started by generating a start signal to the wobbler power supply 81 from the SEM controller 80 of FIG. 8A.
- the amplitude voltage of the wobbler signal can be confirmed in the wobbler voltage window 101.
- the sample table has a tilt ⁇ in one direction, and a mechanism of rotation ⁇ around the observation point O of the sample table and a line AO perpendicular to the sample point O and the sample table surface.
- a fluctuation of about 10V amplitude is given by the wobbler.
- the SEM image having a magnification of 3-6 ⁇ m in the field vibrates in a certain direction according to the axis deviation as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 9 (a). Show directions). This vibration direction corresponds to the inclination direction of the sample surface.
- the rotation angle ⁇ of the sample stage is adjusted so as to be in the vertical direction (direction in which the sample stage can be tilted) in FIG. )). This adjustment is performed by the shaft adjustment unit 22 of the operation panel shown in FIG. 11A.
- magnification is increased and the wobbler signal Vw is increased ( ⁇ 40 V) and adjusted, 0.5 ⁇ m or less is possible.
- the voltage range in which the axes are aligned becomes narrow, so it is better to change the retarding voltage Vr and perform the axis alignment again when the axis deviation increases.
- the range of incident energy is extended to the low acceleration side. After observation of 2 kV, it is preferable to align the axes as necessary when observing 100 V or 10 V.
- the axis adjustment as shown in FIG. 9 may be performed again at a higher magnification.
- the voltage amplitude (wobbler signal) Vw by the wobbler may be constant, but it is convenient if the user can select it.
- a wobbler voltage window 101 is provided as shown in FIG. It is easy to use if it can be adjusted so that the width is just right.
- This voltage setting may be selected from several dials, sliders, and switches.
- the equivalent circuit of the AC as shown in FIG. 8C, is governed by the capacitance Cp of the sample stage, the relationship between the output voltage V 1 and the wobbler signal Vw of wobbler power module becomes the following equation.
- the capacitor Cc is selected from a value sufficiently larger than Cp.
- the capacitance here is 1.8 pF, and even if the capacitance such as wiring is included, Cp is less than the order of 10 pF.
- the wobbler signal Vw is 90% or more of the amplitude of the output voltage V1 of the wobbler power supply module. This condition is CcR L > 1.6 / f from the equation (1). The frequency f is practically about 1 Hz, and CcR L > 1.6.
- the RL corresponding to 10 nF to 50 pF is selected from 160 M to 32 G ⁇ or more according to the condition of CcR L > 1.6.
- the probe current Ip is about 100 pA or less.
- the probe current Ip is larger, the potential of the sample stage changes due to the voltage drop of R L Ip, and secondary electrons and reflections occur.
- the potential fluctuates due to a change in the amount of electrons and the convergence condition is hindered the same effect can be obtained by using a smaller resistance and enlarging the capacitance of Cc.
- the condition of R L Ip ⁇ 1 V is preferable. Therefore, RL ⁇ 10 M ⁇ and Cc> 160 nF are selected.
- FIG. 8A is for visualizing the deviation of the axis by changing the retarding voltage, and the same effect can be obtained if the voltage can be changed using other means.
- the output of the wobbler power supply 81 may be added to a model in which the output is variable as the constant voltage power supply 84 by the input voltage.
- RL and Cc are unnecessary, but are used at a frequency of 1 Hz or less for the stability of the power source.
- the voltage of the constant voltage power supply 84 is controlled by the control signal of the SEM controller, the same effect can be obtained by changing the voltage by this control signal.
- FIG. 10A is a conceptual diagram of the vicinity of the sample stage including equipotential lines of the retarding electric field when observing the semiconductor substrate (sample).
- the semiconductor substrate is often divided and the cross section thereof is observed.
- a sample table 5 like a groove is prepared as shown in FIG. Then, the semiconductor cross-section sample 90 is placed on this. It is desirable that the surface be completely flat, but irregularities are generated when cleaving or fixing to a table.
- FIG. 10B is a conceptual diagram in the vicinity of the sample showing a state before the axis adjustment of the retarding electric field.
- the region to be observed as shown in FIG. 10B is in the vicinity of the device region 92 at the end of the semiconductor cross-sectional sample 90, and the equipotential line 91 of the retarding electric field is tilted.
- the probe electron beam 1 is bent. Therefore, there are problems such as time-consuming searching for the field of view, resolution deterioration due to astigmatism and distortion, and secondary electron 9 moving away from the axis, making it difficult to observe the surface fine structure by secondary electrons. there were.
- the incident energy condition with the smallest drift can be selected by changing the retarding voltage Vr. This is because there is an incident energy condition in which the amount of electrons emitted from the sample is equal to the amount of incident electrons.
- the probe electron 1 is best when the oxide film, nitride film, or the like of silicon is on the surface, near 2 kV, near 1 kV when Si is on the surface, or 1 kV or less in the case of an organic film such as resist or polyimide.
- the acceleration is preferably 2 kV or more, preferably 2.5-5 kV.
- the present invention is effective for observation of the semiconductor cross-sectional sample even if it is applied to the electron optical system shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 7. It is effective because it can cope with various sample observations. For example, in the case of a flat sample such as a Si or glass substrate whose structure is difficult to see, it is effective to project the shape of the dead zone of the detector on the SEM image of Example 1.
- Example 1 In the case of a sample with many surface irregularities, such as cross-sectional observation, the ring shape used in Example 1 often does not appear cleanly at low magnification. In this case, the local axis of the portion to be observed may be aligned, and the method of changing the retarding voltage in the second embodiment is effective. For this reason, it is obvious that an easy-to-use apparatus can be obtained by providing the alignment start button 20 for low magnification and the wobbler button 100 for high magnification as in the operation panel shown in FIG. 11B.
- the non-axial symmetry of the retarding electric field is provided by providing the means for visualizing the axial deviation of the retarding electric field and the means for adjusting the axial deviation by changing the inclination of the sample stage.
- an electron beam apparatus that can reduce the influence of the above and can acquire information by energy discrimination under low acceleration and high resolution conditions.
- aligning the retarding electric field it is possible to suppress visual field shift due to a change in the retarding voltage (change in incident energy of the probe electron beam).
- a wobbler power source it is suitable for observing a sample with many irregularities.
- At least one electron gun an electron lens including an objective lens that accelerates and converges electrons emitted from the electron gun to form a probe electron beam, a deflector that deflects the probe electron beam, and observation
- an observation image display means for the observation sample an observation image display means for the observation sample, and a controller for controlling these functions are provided, the probe electron beam is converged on the observation sample, and the generated electrons from the observation sample are detected.
- An electron beam apparatus for observing the microstructure of the observation sample, There is a retarding power source for applying an electric field for decelerating the probe electron beam between the objective lens and the observation sample, and the probe electrons among the objective lens and the observation sample when a retarding voltage is applied.
- An electron beam apparatus comprising: a visualization means for visualizing a deviation of the retarding electric field from axial symmetry in a region through which the line passes; and a deviation reduction means for reducing the deviation of the electric field based on the result.
- the deviation reducing means is a tilting mechanism of the sample stage and comprises a biaxial tilt, or a monoaxial tilt and a uniaxial rotation.
- the visualization means is a first means for directly detecting the generated electrons from the observation sample with a detector having a circular hole or dead zone above the observation sample, or is generated from the sample on a plate having a circular hole.
- the generated electrons from the observation sample are in the hole or dead zone of the first means or the hole of the plate, and as a result, the circular dark region, the sensitive band of the first means or the plate
- the deflection range of the probe electron beam and the lens condition of the electron lens for convergence are set so that a bright region or a bright annular region where the detection electrons increase by irradiating the edge of the hole can be seen.
- An electron beam apparatus characterized by having a function of controlling the tilting mechanism of the sample stage so that is positioned at the center of the image, and a control panel or switch for activating this function.
- the visualization means is a function of changing the retarding voltage to a desired width and seeing a shift in the field of view of the observation image
- the controller has a function of controlling the tilt mechanism of the sample stage so that the vibration of the observation image becomes zero or minimum, and includes a control panel or switch for activating this function.
- the visualization means changes the retarding voltage, sets the energy at which the probe electron beam is incident on the sample in the vicinity of 0 eV and a mirror condition in which the probe electron beam cannot be incident, and observes the asymmetry of the observation image at this time
- An electron beam apparatus characterized by that.
- (6) In the electron beam apparatus according to at least one of (3), (4), and (5) above, An electron beam apparatus comprising a function of adjusting an inclination of the sample stage so that a deviation from the axial symmetry is minimized.
- An electron beam apparatus characterized in that at least three or more retarding voltages can be selected as means for changing the energy of the probe electron beam incident on the observation sample.
- An electron beam apparatus characterized in that at least three or more retarding voltages can be selected as means for changing the energy of the probe electron beam incident on the observation sample.
- the sample stage is provided with a sample stage for observing a cross-sectional sample of a semiconductor, and the acceleration of the probe electron beam is set to any of 3 kV to 5 kV when the cross-section is observed.
- An electron gun, acceleration means for accelerating electrons emitted from the electron gun to form a probe electron beam, a sample stage on which a sample is placed, and the accelerated probe electron beam are decelerated and irradiated to the sample
- an electron beam apparatus having a speed reduction means, a controller for controlling these, and a display device connected to the controller, Visualizing means for visualizing deviation from the axial symmetry of the electric field formed by the deceleration means, reducing means for reducing deviation from the axial symmetry, and the axis by the reducing means based on the image visualized by the visualizing means.
- An electron beam apparatus comprising: an operation panel that reduces deviation from symmetry.
- the visualization means includes a reflector having a hole through which the probe electrons pass, an imaging control means for focusing a secondary electron and a reflected electron from the sample on the reflector, and the reflector including the hole. And a deflection control means for bending the secondary electrons and the reflected electrons so that the secondary electrons and the reflected electrons strike the electron beam apparatus.
- the visualization means includes a wobbler power source that superimposes an AC signal on the deceleration means.
- the deviation reduction means includes an inclination rotation mechanism of the sample stage
- the operation panel includes a rotation angle adjustment unit that adjusts a rotation angle of the sample stage and an inclination angle adjustment unit that adjusts the inclination angle by the tilt rotation mechanism via the controller, and the deviation from the axis symmetry.
- An electron beam apparatus that is used for reduction.
- the operation panel further includes incident energy adjusting means for adjusting incident energy of the probe electron beam to the sample by the deceleration means via the controller.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の実施例について、図1A~図7を用いて説明する。図1Aは実施例1に係る電子線装置の一つである走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)システムの概念図を示す。これは、電子銃13、コンデンサレンズ30や対物レンズ3である電子レンズ、偏向器2、二次電子や反射電子の検出器7、試料4を置き移動させて観察領域を決める試料台機構(5、8、12)、真空容器(筐体)72、およびSEM像の表示装置14、SEM全体を制御するコントローラ80、真空排気設備(図示せず)、除振機構(図示せず)などを有する。
(実施例2)
第2の実施例について、図8A~図11Bを用いて説明する。なお、実施例1に記載され、本実施例に未記載の事項は特段の事情がない限り本実施例にも適用することができる。
ここで、コンデンサCcはCpより十分大きな値から選ばれる。試料台5が直径2cm、対物レンズ3との距離が1.5mmの場合、ここでの静電容量は1.8pF、配線などの容量を含めてもCpは10pFのオーダー以下である。さらに、ワブラ信号Vwがワブラ電源モジュールの出力電圧V1の振幅の90%以上あることが望ましい。この条件は式(1)から、CcRL>1.6/fとなる。周波数fは実用上1Hz程度であり、CcRL>1.6となる。試料台は2kV程度の高電圧になるので、コンデンサCcの極板間の耐圧もこの程度が必要であり、容量の大きなものは高価になるため。10nFから50pFから選ばれ、これに対応するRLは、CcRL>1.6の条件にしたがって、160Mから32GΩ以上から選ばれる。
(1) 少なくとも一つの電子銃と、前記電子銃から放出された電子を加速・収束してプローブ電子線とする、対物レンズを含む電子レンズと、前記プローブ電子線を偏向する偏向器と、観察試料を乗せる試料台と、前記観察試料の観察画像の表示手段およびこれらの機能を制御するコントローラを備え、前記プローブ電子線を前記観察試料上に収束し、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子を検出することで前記観察試料の微細構造を観察する電子線装置であって、
前記対物レンズと前記観察試料との間に前記プローブ電子線を減速する電界を印加するリターディング電源を持ち、リターディング電圧印加時において、前記対物レンズと前記観察試料の間のうち、前記プローブ電子線が通る領域での、リターディング電界の軸対称からのずれを可視化する可視化手段と、この結果をもとに電界のずれを低減するずれ低減手段とを有することを特徴とする電子線装置。
(2)上記(1)記載の電子線装置において、
前記ずれ低減手段は、前記試料台の傾け機構であり、2軸の傾き、もしくは、1軸の傾きと1軸の回転からなることを特徴とする電子線装置。
(3)上記(2)記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子を前記観察試料上方の円形の穴もしくは不感帯のある検出器で直接検出する第1の手段か、あるいは、円形の穴のある板に試料から発生した電子を衝突させた結果、前記板から発生する電子を検出する第2検出手段を含み、
前記コントローラでは、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子が前記第1の手段の穴もしくは不感帯又は前記板の穴にありその結果円形の暗い領域と、前記第1の手段の有感帯又は前記板の穴の縁に照射することで検出電子が増加する明るい領域もしくは明るい円環領域が見えるように、前記プローブ電子線の偏向範囲と収束のための前記電子レンズのレンズ条件を設定し、この円環が画像の中央に来るように前記試料台の前記傾け機構を制御する機能を持つこと、およびこの機能を発動させるための制御パネルもしくはスイッチを備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(4)上記(1)記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記リターディング電圧を所望の幅に変化させて、観察画像の視野のずれを見る機能であり、
前記コントローラでは、観察画像の振動がゼロまたは最小となるように前記試料台の傾け機構を制御する機能を持つこと、およびこの機能を発動させるための制御パネルもしくはスイッチを備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(5)上記(1)記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記リターディング電圧を変化させ、前記プローブ電子線が前記試料に入射するエネルギーを0eV近傍および、前記プローブ電子線が入射できないミラー条件とし、この時の観察画像の非対称性を見ることを特徴とする電子線装置。
(6)上記(3)(4)(5)の少なくとも一に記載の電子線装置において、
前記軸対称からのずれが最小となるよう、前記試料台の傾きを調節する機能を備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(7)上記(5)記載の電子線装置において、
前記プローブ電子線が前記観察試料に入射するエネルギーを変化させる手段としてリターディング電圧を、少なくとも3点以上選択できることを特徴とする電子線装置。
(8)上記(6)記載の電子線装置において、
前記プローブ電子線が前記観察試料に入射するエネルギーを変化させる手段としてリターディング電圧を、少なくとも3点以上選択できることを特徴とする電子線装置。
(9)上記(8)記載の電子線装置において、
前記試料台は半導体の断面試料を観察する試料台をそなえ、断面の観察をするさいに、プローブ電子線の加速を3kVから5kVのいずれかとしたことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(10)電子銃と、前記電子銃から放出された電子を加速してプローブ電子線とする加速手段と、試料を載せる試料台と、加速された前記プローブ電子線を減速して前記試料に照射する減速手段と、これらを制御するコントローラと、前記コントローラに接続された表示装置とを有する電子線装置において、
前記減速手段により形成される電界の軸対称からのずれを可視化する可視化手段と、前記軸対称からのずれを低減する低減手段と、前記可視化手段により可視化された画像に基づき前記低減手段により前記軸対称からのずれを低減する操作パネルとを有することを特徴とする電子線装置。
(11)上記(10)記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記プローブ電子が通過する穴を有する反射板と、前記反射板に前記試料からの二次電子や反射電子の焦点を結ばせる結像制御手段と、前記穴を含む前記反射板に前記二次電子や反射電子が当たるように前記二次電子や反射電子を曲げる偏向制御手段とを含むことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(12)上記(11)記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記減速手段に交流信号を重畳するワブラ電源を含むことを特徴とする電子線装置。
(13)上記(11)記載の電子線装置において、
前記ずれ低減手段は、前記試料台の傾斜回転機構を含み、
前記操作パネルは、前記コントローラを介して前記傾斜回転機構により前記試料台の回転角の調整を行う回転角調整手段及び傾斜角の調整を行う傾斜角調整手段を有し、前記軸対称からのずれ低減に用いられるものであることを特徴とする電子線装置。
(14)上記(13)記載の電子線装置において、
前記操作パネルは、前記コントローラを介して前記減速手段により前記プローブ電子線の前記試料への入射エネルギーを調整する入射エネルギー調整手段を更に有することを特徴とする電子線装置。
Claims (20)
- 少なくとも一つの電子銃と、前記電子銃から放出された電子を加速・収束してプローブ電子線とする、対物レンズを含む電子レンズと、前記プローブ電子線を偏向する偏向器と、観察試料を乗せる試料台と、前記観察試料の観察画像の表示手段およびこれらの機能を制御するコントローラを備え、前記プローブ電子線を前記観察試料上に収束し、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子を検出することで前記観察試料の微細構造を観察する電子線装置であって、
前記対物レンズと前記観察試料との間に前記プローブ電子線を減速する電界を印加するリターディング電源を持ち、リターディング電圧印加時において、前記対物レンズと前記観察試料の間のうち、前記プローブ電子線が通る領域での、リターディング電界の軸対称からのずれを可視化する可視化手段と、この結果をもとに電界のずれを低減するずれ低減手段とを有することを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の電子線装置において、
前記ずれ低減手段は、前記試料台の傾け機構であり、2軸の傾き、もしくは、1軸の傾きと1軸の回転からなることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項2記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子を前記観察試料上方の円形の穴もしくは不感帯のある検出器で直接検出する第1の手段か、あるいは、円形の穴のある板に試料から発生した電子を衝突させた結果、前記板から発生する電子を検出する第2検出手段を含み、
前記コントローラでは、前記観察試料からの前記発生電子が前記第1の手段の穴もしくは不感帯又は前記板の穴にありその結果円形の暗い領域と、前記第1の手段の有感帯又は前記板の穴の縁に照射することで検出電子が増加する明るい領域もしくは明るい円環領域が見えるように、前記プローブ電子線の偏向範囲と収束のための前記電子レンズのレンズ条件を設定し、この円環が画像の中央に来るように前記試料台の前記傾け機構を制御する機能を持つこと、およびこの機能を発動させるための制御パネルもしくはスイッチを備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記リターディング電圧を所望の幅に変化させて、観察画像の視野のずれを見る機能であり、
前記コントローラでは、観察画像の振動がゼロまたは最小となるように前記試料台の傾け機構を制御する機能を持つこと、およびこの機能を発動させるための制御パネルもしくはスイッチを備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記リターディング電圧を変化させ、前記プローブ電子線が前記試料に入射するエネルギーを0eV近傍および、前記プローブ電子線が入射できないミラー条件とし、この時の観察画像の非対称性を見ることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項3記載の電子線装置において、
前記軸対称からのずれが最小となるよう、前記試料台の傾きを自動で調節する機能を備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項4記載の電子線装置において、
前記軸対称からのずれが最小となるよう、前記試料台の傾きを自動で調節する機能を備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項5記載の電子線装置において、
前記軸対称ずれが最小となるよう、前記試料台の傾きを調節する機能を備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項6記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記リターディング電圧を所望の幅に変化させて、観察画像の視野のずれを見る機能を更に備えたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項6記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、更に前記リターディング電圧を変化させ、前記プローブ電子線が前記試料に入射するエネルギーを0eV近傍および、前記プローブ電子線が入射できないミラー条件とし、この時の観察画像の非対称性を見ることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項7記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、更に前記リターディング電圧を変化させ、前記プローブ電子線が前記試料に入射するエネルギーを0eV近傍および、前記プローブ電子線が入射できないミラー条件とし、この時の観察画像の非対称性を見ることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項9記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、更に前記リターディング電圧を変化させ、前記プローブ電子線が前記試料に入射するエネルギーを0eV近傍および、前記プローブ電子線が入射できないミラー条件とし、この時の観察画像の非対称性を見ることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項5記載の電子線装置に置いて、
前記プローブ電子線が前記観察試料に入射するエネルギーを変化させる手段としてリターディング電圧を、少なくとも3点以上選択できることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項6記載の電子線装置において、
前記プローブ電子線が前記観察試料に入射するエネルギーを変化させる手段としてリターディング電圧を、少なくとも3点以上選択できることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項14に記載の電子線装置において、
前記試料台は半導体の断面試料を観察する試料台をそなえ、断面の観察をするさいに、プローブ電子線の加速を3kVから5kVのいずれかとしたことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 電子銃と、前記電子銃から放出された電子を加速してプローブ電子線とする加速手段と、試料を載せる試料台と、加速された前記プローブ電子線を減速して前記試料に照射する減速手段と、これらを制御するコントローラと、前記コントローラに接続された表示装置とを有する電子線装置において、
前記減速手段により形成される電界の軸対称からのずれを可視化する可視化手段と、前記軸対称からのずれを低減する低減手段と、前記可視化手段により可視化された画像に基づき前記低減手段により前記軸対称からのずれを低減する操作パネルとを有することを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項16記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記プローブ電子が通過する穴を有する反射板と、前記反射板に前記試料からの二次電子や反射電子の焦点を結ばせる結像制御手段と、前記穴を含む前記反射板に前記二次電子や反射電子が当たるように前記二次電子や反射電子を曲げる偏向制御手段とを含むことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項16記載の電子線装置において、
前記可視化手段は、前記減速手段に交流信号を重畳するワブラ電源を含むことを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項16記載の電子線装置において、
前記ずれ低減手段は、前記試料台の傾斜回転機構を含み、
前記操作パネルは、前記コントローラを介して前記傾斜回転機構により前記試料台の回転角の調整を行う回転角調整手段及び傾斜角の調整を行う傾斜角調整手段を有し、前記軸対称からのずれ低減に用いられるものであることを特徴とする電子線装置。 - 請求項19記載の電子線装置において、
前記操作パネルは、前記コントローラを介して前記減速手段により前記プローブ電子線の前記試料への入射エネルギーを調整する入射エネルギー調整手段を更に有することを特徴とする電子線装置。
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WO2013183543A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 試料ホルダ、及び、観察用試料固定方法 |
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JP2020060467A (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 東邦チタニウム株式会社 | 金属粉体の評価方法、および評価装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130146766A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
CZ2013115A3 (cs) | 2013-04-03 |
US9208994B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
JP5676617B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
JPWO2012023354A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
DE112011102731T5 (de) | 2013-08-22 |
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