WO2012015063A1 - 焼結用原料の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結用原料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012015063A1 WO2012015063A1 PCT/JP2011/067717 JP2011067717W WO2012015063A1 WO 2012015063 A1 WO2012015063 A1 WO 2012015063A1 JP 2011067717 W JP2011067717 W JP 2011067717W WO 2012015063 A1 WO2012015063 A1 WO 2012015063A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a raw material for sintering, in which granulation is performed using a disk pelletizer and then a blast furnace sintered ore is produced using a downward suction type dweroid-type sintering machine.
- Sinter ore used as a blast furnace raw material is generally manufactured through the following processing method of the sintered raw material. That is, first, an iron ore having a particle size of 10 mm or less, a SiO 2 -containing raw material made of silica, serpentine or nickel slag, a limestone powder raw material containing CaO such as limestone, and a heat source such as powdered coke or anthracite Using a drum mixer, an appropriate amount of water is added and mixed and granulated to form a granulated product called pseudo particles.
- the blended raw material composed of the pseudo particles is charged onto a pallet of a Dwytroid type sintering machine so as to have an appropriate thickness, for example, 500 to 700 mm, and ignites the solid fuel in the surface layer portion.
- the solid fuel is combusted while sucking air toward it, and the sintered raw material blended by the combustion heat is sintered to form a sintered cake.
- the sintered cake is crushed and sized to obtain a sintered ore having a certain particle size or more.
- those having a particle size smaller than that are returned to ore and reused as sintering raw materials.
- the reducibility of the sintered product ore manufactured in this way is a factor that greatly affects the operation of the blast furnace, as pointed out in the past.
- the reducibility of the sinter has a good negative correlation with the fuel ratio through the gas utilization rate in the blast furnace.
- the reducibility of the sinter is improved, the fuel ratio in the blast furnace decreases.
- the cold strength of the manufactured sintered product ore is also an important factor for ensuring the air permeability in the blast furnace, and each blast furnace is operated with a lower limit standard for the cold strength. Therefore, the preferred sintered ore for the blast furnace is excellent in reducibility and has high cold strength.
- powder iron ore composed of fine iron ore and coarse iron ore, limestone and quicklime are mixed with a mixer, the mixture is granulated by adding water with the first pelletizer, and the granulated pseudo particles are screened.
- HPP Hybrid Pelletized Sinter
- the method for producing a raw material for sintering described in Patent Document 4 uses a disk pelletizer for granulating the raw material for sintering.
- a disk pelletizer for granulating the raw material for sintering.
- an iron ore containing pellet feed that is fine powder is used. Stone can be granulated, and by combining this HPS method and the method for producing sintering raw materials described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, it is possible to granulate iron ore containing fine powder such as pellet feed become.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 were originally developed for the purpose of expanding the use of pellet feed of fine iron ore (average particle size: 150 ⁇ m or less), which was inexpensive at that time, and improving the quality of sintered ore. .
- the amount used has decreased and the granulation strength in the pelletizer has decreased. Therefore, if the method for producing a raw material for sintering described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is used as it is, the granulated particle diameter is kept small, the air permeability is poor, and uneven firing is likely to occur. It turns out that there is a need for improvement.
- Patent Document 5 Prepare a sintering raw material consisting of iron ore, SiO 2 containing raw material, limestone powder raw material and solid fuel powder raw material, The iron ore, SiO 2 containing raw material and limestone powder raw material are mixed with a drum mixer for stirring and mixing to produce a mixed raw material, The mixed raw material is granulated with a disk pelletizer to produce granulated particles, and the granulated particles are supplied to an outer layer forming drum mixer, The solid fuel powder material is added to the granulated particles supplied to the outer layer formation drum mixer from the outlet side of the outer layer formation drum mixer, and the outer layer formation drum is added from the addition of the solid fuel powder material.
- a method for producing a raw material for sintering comprising forming a solid fuel-based powder raw material layer on the surface of the granulated particles for 40 seconds or less until discharging from the mixer and for 10
- Japanese Patent No. 3755452 Japanese Patent No. 3794332 Japanese Patent No. 3656632 Japanese Patent Publication No.2-4658 JP 2011-032577 A
- Patent Document 5 has made it possible to produce a raw material for sintering that can efficiently produce a good raw material even when a disk pelletizer is used for granulation.
- the present invention relates to the improvement of the technique disclosed in Patent Document 5 described above.
- the strength of the granulated particles is improved, and as a result, the raw material for sintering is improved. It is intended to improve productivity.
- the present invention can greatly improve the productivity of sintered ore by effectively utilizing finely ground coke, which has been limited in use due to the occurrence of uneven burning in a sintering machine. It is an object to provide an advantageous method for producing a raw material for sintering.
- the present inventors granulated a sintering raw material excluding a limestone powder raw material and a solid fuel powder raw material, and on the surface of the obtained granulated particles (hereinafter referred to as pseudo particles), a limestone powder raw material and We have intensively studied a technique for improving productivity when performing so-called exterior treatment for attaching a solid fuel powder raw material.
- pseudo particles granulated a sintering raw material excluding a limestone powder raw material and a solid fuel powder raw material
- pseudo particles granulated a sintering raw material excluding a limestone powder raw material and a solid fuel powder raw material
- pseudo particles granulated a sintering raw material excluding a limestone powder raw material and a solid fuel powder raw material
- pseudo particles granulated particles a limestone powder raw material
- the present inventors use high carbon dust such as fine coke generated in CDQ or the like in combination with a solid fuel-based powder raw material represented by conventional powder coke, anthracite, etc. at an appropriate ratio. It was found that if it was made to adhere to the surface, the combustibility and granulation strength were greatly improved, and as a result, the productivity of the raw material for sintering was improved.
- the present invention in addition to the fine powder coke generated in the above-described CDQ and the like, it was investigated that fine powder having a C concentration of 50 mass% or more can be used, and these are collectively referred to as high carbon dust. . The present invention has been made based on these findings.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. (1) Prepare a sintering raw material comprising iron ore, SiO 2 containing raw material, limestone powder raw material and solid fuel powder raw material, Mixing the iron ore and SiO 2 -containing raw material with a drum mixer for stirring and mixing to produce a mixed raw material, The mixed raw material is granulated with a disk pelletizer to produce pseudo particles, Supplying the pseudo particles to an outer layer forming drum mixer; The limestone powder raw material is added to the pseudo particles supplied to the outer layer forming drum mixer from the inlet side of the outer layer forming drum mixer, and the solid fuel system is supplied from the outlet side of the outer layer forming drum mixer.
- the limestone powder raw material contains 5 to 40 mass% of ultrafine limestone, A method for producing a raw material for sintering.
- the high carbon dust is at least one selected from the group consisting of CDQ dust collection powder, dust collection powder during iron powder production, and dust collection powder in a storage tank, and the C concentration is 50 mass% or more.
- the method for producing a raw material for sintering according to (3) which is adjusted.
- (11) The method for producing a sintering raw material according to (1), wherein the solid fuel-based powder raw material has an average particle diameter of 250 ⁇ m to 2.5 mm.
- the production of CF melt during granulation is promoted, the strength of the outer shell layer is improved, and the air permeability during sintering is improved.
- the productivity of the raw material for sintering can be improved.
- not only the above-mentioned ultrafine limestone but also high carbon dust is utilized as a solid fuel-based powder raw material, the high carbon dust is packaged on the surface of the pseudo particle, so that the pseudo particle diameter is kept large.
- the combustibility is improved and the exterior time can be shortened.
- the C concentration is 50 mass% or more, it can be used as a coagulating material for sintering. Even if the C concentration is less than 50 mass%, it is mixed with other fine powder having a C concentration of 50 mass% or more. If the C concentration is adjusted to 50 mass% or more, it can be used.
- FIG. 6A is an image view of a cross section of a pseudo particle in which high carbon dust is embedded according to a conventional method
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of the surface layer portion
- FIG. 7 (a) is an image view of a cross section of a pseudo particle in which powdered limestone containing ultrafine limestone is sheathed and then powdered coke containing high carbon dust is sheathed according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 (a) is an image view of a cross section of a pseudo particle in which powdered limestone containing ultrafine limestone is sheathed and then powdered coke containing high carbon dust is sheathed according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 (b) is its surface layer.
- FIG. The figure which compared and showed the relationship between the exterior granulation time and sintering productivity in the case where the powder coke combined with high carbon dust was packaged according to the present invention and in the case where the conventional powder coke was packaged according to the conventional method It is. It is the figure which compared and showed the result investigated about sintering time, yield, and productivity when each raw material for sintering (Invention example 2, 3 and comparative example 3) was sintered.
- FIG. 1 the suitable manufacturing process of the raw material for sintering according to this invention is shown typically.
- reference numeral 1 is a stirring and mixing drum mixer
- 2 is a disk pelletizer
- 3 is an outer layer forming drum mixer
- 4 is an endless moving grate-type firing furnace
- 5 is an ignition furnace
- 6 is a solid fuel-based powder raw material supply device.
- 7 is a supply device of the limestone powder raw material.
- iron ore and SiO 2 -containing raw material are supplied to a drum mixer 1 for stirring and mixing, and are stirred and mixed together with added water to generate a mixed raw material.
- This mixed raw material is supplied to the disk pelletizer 2 and granulated by the disk pelletizer 2 to generate pseudo particles.
- the generated pseudo particles are supplied to the outer layer forming drum mixer 3.
- the limestone powder raw material is supplied to the pseudo particles granulated by the disk pelletizer 2 on the inlet side of the drum mixer 3 to form a limestone base layer, and then the drum mixer 3 Powder coke, which is a solid fuel-based powder raw material, is supplied on the discharge port side to form an outer layer of coke on the limestone foundation layer.
- a conveyor, an injection nozzle, or the like is advantageously adapted as the solid fuel-based powder raw material supply device 6 or the limestone-based powder raw material supply device 7, a conveyor, an injection nozzle, or the like is advantageously adapted.
- the sintering raw material in which the outer shell layer formed of the inner layer of the limestone powder raw material and the outer layer of the solid fuel powder raw material is formed is supplied to the downward suction type dwytroid type sintering machine 4. It is inserted. In this dwy toroid type sintering machine 4, it is added to the powder coke of the raw material for sintering in the ignition furnace 5, and baking is performed.
- the powder is baked while being sucked from below with a blower and transporting the sintering raw material with a conveyor.
- the sintered sintering raw material becomes a sintered cake.
- the sintered cake is crushed and sized, for example, a sintered ore having a particle size of 4 mm or more is supplied to a blast furnace, and the rest is returned to the iron ore. Reuse as a raw material for sintering equivalent to stone. Therefore, the iron ore in the sintering raw material described in the present invention includes returning ore.
- the average particle diameter of the limestone powder raw material 4 and the solid fuel powder raw material 5 used for the exterior treatment is both about 250 ⁇ m to 2.0 mm.
- the average particle size of the limestone powder raw material and the solid fuel powder raw material that have been conventionally used is relatively large, and a strong outer shell layer cannot always be formed. Also, the combustion rate was not sufficiently satisfactory.
- the inventors have conducted various studies to solve this problem, and as a result, when an appropriate amount of ultrafine limestone is mixed in the limestone powder raw material, the ultrafine limestone is formed in the limestone voids having a relatively large particle size. It has been found that an effective intrusion and a strong inner layer of limestone powder material is formed during granulation. Similarly, if high carbon dust, which has been forgotten to be used in the past, is mixed together at an appropriate ratio, fine high carbon dust will enter the voids of the carbon raw material having a relatively large particle size. It has been found that a strong outer layer of solid fuel-based powder raw material is formed. As a result, it has been determined that the granulation strength and combustibility are greatly improved and the productivity is remarkably improved.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of examining the influence on the granulation strength and combustion melting zone pressure loss of quasi particles coated with pulverized limestone and powdered coke in combination with ultrafine limestone according to the present invention. Shown in relation to rate.
- the ultrafine limestone fine powder with a sieve size of 50 ⁇ m was used.
- the total amount of limestone in the pseudo particles was set to a constant value of 10 mass%.
- the granulation strength increases and the combustion melting zone pressure loss decreases as the mixing ratio of the ultrafine limestone increases.
- the blending ratio of ultrafine limestone exceeds 4 mass% (combination ratio with respect to total limestone: 40 mass%), an overmelted state occurs and combustion melting zone pressure loss starts to increase.
- the blending ratio (combination ratio) of ultrafine limestone in the limestone powder raw material is limited to a range of 5 to 40 mass%. This is because, in the limestone powder raw material, if the blending ratio of ultrafine limestone is less than 5 mass%, the desired effect of strengthening the outer shell layer cannot be obtained, whereas if it exceeds 40 mass%, it becomes an overmelted state and burns. This is because the pressure loss in the melting zone increases.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of examining the relationship between the particle size of the powder coke and the combustion zone moving speed (hereinafter simply referred to as the combustion speed).
- the combustion speed the combustion zone moving speed
- the smaller the particle size of the powder coke the greater the specific surface area of the powder coke and the higher the ambient temperature, so the combustion rate increases. Therefore, an improvement in the combustion rate can be expected by using such ultrafine powder and highly reactive carbon material (high carbon dust) in an appropriate ratio.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of examining the influence on the burning rate and the maximum temperature reached in the layer of the pseudo particles coated with powdered limestone combined with ultrafine limestone and powdered coke combined with high carbon dust according to the present invention. It shows by the relationship with the compounding rate of the high carbon dust in.
- the high carbon dust fine powder having a sieve size of 50 ⁇ m was used. Further, the total amount of limestone in the pseudo particles was constant at 10 mass%, and the blending ratio of the powder coke was constant at 5 mass%.
- the mixing ratio of high carbon dust is 0.25 mass% or more, that is, the mixing ratio of high carbon dust out of all carbon (solid fuel powder raw material).
- the combustion rate increases, and the maximum reachable temperature in the layer increases accordingly.
- the blending ratio of the high carbon dust exceeds 2 mass% (combination ratio with respect to the powder coke: 40 mass%), the highest temperature reached in the layer starts to decrease.
- the blending ratio (combination ratio) of the high carbon dust in the solid fuel powder material is preferably in the range of 5 to 40 mass%. This is because, in a solid fuel powder material, if the blending ratio of high carbon dust is less than 5 mass%, it cannot be said that the improvement of combustibility and granulation strength is sufficient, whereas if it exceeds 40 mass%, This is because the width is increased and the pressure loss in the sintered layer increases.
- FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention, the granulated strength of pseudo particles when powdered limestone combined with ultrafine limestone and powdered coke combined with high carbon dust are packaged, and then sintered.
- the result of having investigated about sintering strength is shown.
- FIG. 5 also shows the results of examining the granulation strength and the sintering strength of the pseudo particles when high carbon dust is housed inside the pseudo particles.
- the granulation strength and sintering strength were estimated based on the following estimation formulas (Equation 1 and Equation 2).
- ⁇ strength of pseudo particles (N), ⁇ : liquid fullness ( ⁇ ), S: powder surface area (m 2), ⁇ : porosity of pseudo particles ( ⁇ ), ⁇ : surface tension of water (N / m), ⁇ : contact angle with water (°), d: pseudo particle size (m)
- ⁇ t tensile strength (MPa)
- ⁇ 0 substrate strength (MPa)
- P porosity ( ⁇ )
- c constant ( ⁇ )
- the granulation strength of the pseudo particles was greatly improved.
- the reason for this is considered to be that wettability is greatly improved by covering the hydrophobic carbonaceous material.
- the sintering strength of the pseudo particles is also greatly improved. This reason is considered to be caused by a decrease in the porosity. That is, according to the present invention, when a suitable amount of ultrafine limestone and high carbon dust are used in combination, fine powdered limestone and high carbon dust enter the voids of normal powdered limestone and powder coke, and as a result, after carbon firing This is considered to be due to the suppression of the generation of the generated voids (breaking origin).
- pseudo-particles containing ultra fine powder and highly reactive carbonaceous material high carbon dust
- a limestone powder raw material containing ultra fine powder limestone The cross-sectional image of the pseudo particle which formed the outer shell layer which consists of an inner layer and the outer layer of the solid fuel type
- FIG.6 (b) and FIG.7 (b) expand and show the surface layer part of each cross section. As is clear from a comparison between FIG. 6 (b) and FIG.
- the pseudo particles according to the conventional method are interspersed with high carbon dust, whereas the pseudo particles according to the present invention are super It can be seen that an inner layer in which fine limestone has entered the gap between the limestone-based powder raw materials and an outer layer in which high carbon dust has entered the gap between the powdered coke are formed.
- the granulation strength and the sintering strength can be improved, the combustion rate can be increased, and the outer granulation time can be shortened.
- the productivity is remarkably improved.
- An improvement is achieved. That is, the addition of an appropriate amount of ultrafine limestone promotes the formation of CF melt during granulation and suppresses the formation of weak calcium silicate, resulting in improved strength of pseudo particles and aeration during sintering. As a result, the productivity of the raw material for sintering is improved.
- the addition of high carbon dust greatly improves the wettability by covering the hydrophobic carbonaceous material, resulting in a marked improvement in granulation strength, and in the fine pores of ordinary powder coke.
- the intrusion of high carbon dust the generation of voids (breaking origin) after carbon firing is suppressed, the sintering strength of the pseudo particles is remarkably improved, and the exterior granulation time of the pseudo particles is about It can be shortened to about 1/2.
- the ultrafine limestone is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less in size. This is because, when the size of the ultrafine limestone exceeds 50 ⁇ m, it does not close-pack with the limestone to be packaged, and the coverage on the particle surface tends to decrease.
- size of a super fine limestone is 10 micrometers or less.
- the size of the ultrafine limestone is defined as the equivalent circle diameter when the ultrafine limestone is spherical, and as the sieve diameter when it is non-spherical.
- ultrafine limestone as shown in Table 1 can be used.
- the high carbon dust preferably has a size of 50 ⁇ m or less and a C concentration of 50 mass% or more. This is because when the size of the high carbon dust exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the powder coke is not closely packed with the powdered coke, and the coverage on the particle surface tends to decrease.
- size of high carbon dust is 10 micrometers or less.
- the high carbon dust C concentration is less than 50 mass%, the combustion heat is small, and the coexistence of slag components and ash causes a disadvantage that the combustibility of the powder coke is hindered.
- the definition of the size of the high carbon dust is the same as in the case of ultrafine limestone.
- the high carbon dust is at least one selected from the group consisting of CDQ dust collection powder, dust collection powder during iron powder production, and dust collection powder in a storage tank, and the C concentration is adjusted to 50 mass% or more. It is preferable that Table 2 shows examples of components of CDQ dust collection powder, dust collection powder during production of iron powder, and dust collection powder in the storage tank.
- a conveying apparatus for example, a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, etc.
- a belt conveyor increases the failure frequency of the motor and roller that supply driving force to the belt.
- the screw conveyor does not require a large number of rollers and has a simple structure. Therefore, even if it is inserted into the drum mixer for forming the outer layer, the screw conveyor is unlikely to break down and can operate stably. If the screw conveyor is inserted into the drum mixer for forming the outer layer, it is possible to adjust the tip position and add the solid fuel powder raw material or limestone powder raw material to a predetermined position. In that case, since the impact is relaxed (only the impact of natural fall), the collapse of the pseudo particles can be prevented. In addition, the collapse of the solid fuel-based powder raw material and the limestone-based powder raw material can be prevented, and the previously adjusted particle size can be maintained. Accordingly, it is preferable to use a screw conveyor as the conveying means.
- the average particle diameter of the limestone powder raw material 4 used for the exterior treatment is preferably 250 ⁇ m to 5.0 mm, and the average particle diameter of the solid fuel powder raw material 5 is preferably 250 ⁇ m to 2.5 mm.
- the average particle diameter of the limestone powder raw material 4 exceeds 5.0 m and the average particle diameter of the solid fuel powder raw material 5 exceeds 2.5 mm, the coarse particles of the limestone powder raw material 4 and the solid fuel powder raw material 5 Therefore, it becomes difficult to uniformly coat the surface of the pseudo particle in a short time.
- the average particle size is less than 250 ⁇ m
- fine particles increase in both the solid fuel-based powder raw material and the limestone powder raw material, intrude through the gaps unavoidably present in the pseudo particles, and the solid fuel-based powder raw material also enters the inside. It becomes a raw material for sintering mixed with limestone powder raw material.
- the blending ratios of the solid fuel powder raw material and the limestone powder raw material with respect to the entire sintering raw material are respectively 3.0 to 6.0 mass% for the solid fuel powder raw material and 6.0 to 12% for the limestone powder raw material. It is preferable to set it to about 0 mass%. More preferably, they are in the range of solid fuel powder raw material: 3.5 to 5.0 mass%, limestone powder raw material: 6.5 to 10.0 mass%.
- the exterior time is preferably about 10 to 50 seconds. More preferably, it is in the range of 10 to 40 seconds, and further preferably in the range of 15 to 30 seconds.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of examining the preferred exterior granulation time of pseudo particles coated with powdered coke combined with high carbon dust according to the present invention and pseudo particles coated with ordinary powdered coke according to the conventional method. Shown in relation to sex. In the pseudo particles according to the present invention, the blending ratio of the high carbon dust to the powder coke was 10 mass%. As shown in the figure, the preferred exterior granulation time of conventional pseudo particles was around 40 seconds, whereas the preferred exterior granulation time of pseudo particles according to the present invention was about 20 to 25 seconds. The grain time could be greatly shortened. Thus, by shortening the exterior time in the exterior treatment, the productivity of the outer layer forming drum mixer can be improved. Moreover, when the obtained raw material for sintering is sintered, a CF melt can be selectively generated on the surface of the raw material for sintering, and a sintered ore can be produced efficiently.
- Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the iron ore and the SiO 2 -containing raw material were charged into the stirring and mixing drum mixer 1 from the charging inlet to produce a mixed raw material.
- SiO 2 -containing raw material silica stone or nickel slag was used.
- the mixed raw material was charged into the disk pelletizer 2 and granulated in the disk pelletizer 2 to obtain pseudo particles.
- the obtained pseudo particles are charged into the outer layer forming drum mixer 3, and the residence time until the pseudo particles reach the outlet of the outer layer forming drum mixer 3 is 40 seconds.
- Comparative Example 1 iron ore and SiO 2 -containing raw materials were charged into the stirring and mixing drum mixer 1 from the charging inlet to generate mixed raw materials, and then charged into the disk pelletizer 2. Granulated into pseudo particles. Next, the obtained pseudo particles are charged into the outer layer forming drum mixer 3, and the average particle size is at a position where the residence time until the pseudo particles reach the outlet of the outer layer forming drum mixer 3 is 80 seconds. : 1.2 mm limestone: 10 mass% is added, and the residence time until reaching the outlet of the outer layer forming drum mixer 3 is 50 seconds. 9 mm powder coke: 5 mass% was added.
- Comparative Example 2 a raw material for sintering was produced under the same conditions as Comparative Example 1, except that the exterior time was 40 seconds (limestone powder raw material) and 20 seconds (solid fuel powder raw material).
- the sinter produced from the sintering raw material of Comparative Example 2 was inferior in strength to the sintered ore using the sintering raw material of Invention Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the surface of the pseudo particle was not uniformly coated with the limestone powder raw material and the solid fuel powder raw material, and thus the production of the CF melt was uneven.
- the exterior time can be shortened, and further, the sintered raw material having sufficient strength can be obtained by sintering the raw material for sintering.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, various raw materials for sintering shown in Table 3 (Invention Examples 2, 3 and Comparative Example 3) were produced. Table 3 shows the mixing ratio of the raw materials in each sintering raw material. Invention Example 2 uses 20 mass% of ultrafine limestone with respect to total limestone, and Invention Example 3 uses 20 mass% of ultrafine limestone with respect to total limestone and 20 mass% of high carbon dust with respect to all coke. % When used together. The exterior time was 40 seconds for powdered limestone and 20 seconds for powdered coke.
- FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the results of examining the sintering time, yield, and productivity when the sintering raw materials thus obtained were sintered.
- Invention Examples 2 and 3 were both shorter in sintering time, higher in yield and higher in productivity than Comparative Example 3.
- Invention Example 3 utilizing ultrafine limestone and high carbon dust was superior in all aspects of sintering time, yield and productivity as compared to Invention Example 2 utilizing only ultrafine limestone.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、まず粒径が10mm以下の鉄鉱石、及び珪石、蛇紋岩又はニッケルスラグなどからなるSiO2含有原料、及び石灰石などのCaOを含有する石灰石系粉原料、及び粉コークス又は無煙炭などの熱源となる固体燃料系粉原料を、ドラムミキサーを用いて、これに適当量の水分を添加して混合、造粒して擬似粒子と呼ばれる造粒物を形成する。この擬似粒子からなる配合原料は、ドワイトロイド式焼結機のパレット上に適当な厚さ、例えば500~700mmになるように装入して表層部の固体燃料に着火し、着火後は下方に向けて空気を吸引しながら固体燃料を燃焼させ、その燃焼熱によって配合した焼結原料を焼結させて焼結ケーキとする。この焼結ケーキは、破砕、整粒され、一定の粒径以上の焼結鉱を得る。一方、それ未満の粒径のものは返鉱となり、焼結原料として再利用される。
「 鉄鉱石、SiO2含有原料、石灰石系粉原料及び固体燃料系粉原料からなる焼結原料を準備し、
前記鉄鉱石、SiO2含有原料と石灰石系粉原料を撹拌混合用ドラムミキサーで混合して、混合原料を生成し、
前記混合原料をディスクペレタイザーで造粒し、造粒粒子を生成し、 前記造粒粒子を外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給し、
前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給された造粒粒子に、前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーの排出口側から、前記固体燃料系粉原料を添加し、前記固体燃料系粉原料の添加から外層形成用ドラムミキサーからの排出までの40秒以下で10秒以上の外装時間の間に前記造粒粒子の表面に固体燃料系粉原料層を形成する
ことを特徴とする焼結用原料の製造方法。」
また、本発明は、従来は焼結機でムラ焼けが発生するためにその使用が制限されていた微粉コークスなどを有効活用することによって、焼結鉱の生産性を大幅に向上させることができる焼結用原料の有利な製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
その結果、石灰石系粉原料中に超微粉石灰石を適量配合することによって、造粒時におけるCF融液の生成が促進されて外殻層の強度が向上すると共に、焼結時における通気性が改善されて、焼結用原料の生産性が向上することを新たに見出した。
また、本発明者らは、CDQなどで発生する微粉コークスなどの高カーボンダストを、適正な割合で、従来の粉コークス、無煙炭などに代表される固体燃料系粉原料と共に併用して、擬似粒子の表面に付着させるようにすれば、燃焼性および造粒強度が大幅に向上し、その結果、焼結用原料の生産性が向上するとの知見を得た。
なお、本発明によれば、上記したCDQなどで発生する微粉コークスのほか、C濃度が50mass%以上の微粉も使用可能であることが究明されたので、これらを総称して高カーボンダストと称する。
本発明は、これらの知見に基づいてなされたものである。
(1)鉄鉱石、SiO2含有原料、石灰石系粉原料及び固体燃料系粉原料からなる焼結原料を準備し、
前記鉄鉱石及びSiO2含有原料を撹拌混合用ドラムミキサーで混合して、混合原料を生成し、
前記混合原料をディスクペレタイザーで造粒して、擬似粒子を生成し、
前記擬似粒子を外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給し、
前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給された擬似粒子に、前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーの装入口側から前記石灰石系粉原料を添加すると共に、前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーの排出口側から前記固体燃料系粉原料を添加して、前記擬似粒子の表面に石灰石系粉原料層及び固体燃料系粉原料層を形成し、
前記石灰石系粉原料は、超微粉石灰石を5~40mass%含有する、
焼結用原料の製造方法。
(3)前記固体燃料系粉原料は、高カーボンダストを5~40mass%含有する(1)に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
(4)前記固体燃料系粉原料は、高カーボンダストを10~40mass%含有する(3)に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
(9)前記滞留時間が20~40秒である(8)に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
(11)前記固体燃料系粉原料が、250μm~2.5mmの平均粒径を有する(1)に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
(12)前記石灰石系粉原料が、250μm~5.0mmの平均粒径を有する(1)に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
また、本発明に従い、上記した超微粉石灰石だけでなく、固体燃料系粉原料として高カーボンダストを活用した場合、高カーボンダストは、擬似粒子表面に外装されるため、擬似粒子径を大きく保つことができるだけでなく、擬似粒子内に内装されないため、燃焼性が向上し、外装時間も短縮することができる。そして、通常の固体燃料と併用することから、微粉である高カーボンダストの飛散などが抑制されハンドリングが容易となる。
さらに、外装時、固体燃料空隙部分に高カーボンダストが充填される形で外装されるため、外装部分の強度も上昇し、その結果、擬似粒子の強度が向上し、また焼結機供給時の粉発生も軽減される。加えて、焼結時における焼けムラの発生を確実に阻止することができる。
その他、燃料としては、C濃度が50mass%以上であれば焼結用凝結材として使用可能であり、またC濃度が50mass%未満であっても、他のC濃度が50mass%以上の微粉と混合してC濃度を50mass%以上に調整してやれば、使用が可能となる。
図1に、本発明に従う、焼結用原料の好適製造工程を模式で示す。
図中、符号1は撹拌混合用ドラムミキサー、2はディスクペレタイザー、3は外層形成用ドラムミキサー、4は無端移動グレート式焼成炉、5は点火炉、そして6が固体燃料系粉原料の供給装置、7が石灰石系粉原料の供給装置である。
図1に示すとおり、鉄鉱石とSiO2含有原料を撹拌混合用ドラムミキサー1に供給し、添加される水と共に撹拌混合して、混合原料を生成する。
この混合原料は、ディスクペレタイザー2に供給され、このディスクペレタイザー2で造粒し、擬似粒子を生成する。生成された擬似粒子は、外層形成用ドラムミキサー3に供給される。
外層形成用ドラムミキサー3では、ディスクペレタイザー2で造粒された擬似粒子に対し、ドラムミキサー3の装入口側で石灰石系粉原料を供給して石灰石の下地層を形成し、ついでドラムミキサー3の排出口側で固体燃料系粉原料である粉コークスを供給して石灰石の下地層の上にコークスの外層を形成する。なお、固体燃料系粉原料の供給装置6や石灰石系粉原料の供給装置7としては、コンベヤや噴射ノズルなどが有利に適合する。
この外層形成用ドラムミキサー3で、石灰石系粉原料の内層および固体燃料系粉原料の外層からなる外殻層が形成された焼結用原料は、下方吸引式のドワイトロイド式焼結機4に装入される。このドワイトロイド式焼結機4では、点火炉5で焼結用原料の粉コークスに添加されて、焼成が行われる。
このように、従来使用されてきた石灰石系粉原料および固体燃料系粉原料の平均粒径は比較的大きかったこともあって、必ずしも強固な外殻層を形成することができなかった。また、燃焼速度についても十分に満足のいく速度は得られなかった。
また、同様に、従来は微細すぎるとして、その使用を見合わせていた高カーボンダストを、適正な割合で混在させると、比較的粒径の大きな炭素原料の空隙に微細な高カーボンダストが侵入して、強固な固体燃料系粉原料の外層が形成されることが判明した。
その結果、造粒強度および燃焼性が大幅に向上し、生産性も格段に向上すること究明されたのである。
同図に示したとおり、超微粉石灰石を外装した本発明に従う擬似粒子では、超微粉石灰石の配合率が高くなるに従って造粒強度は上昇し、燃焼溶融帯圧損は低下している。しかしながら、超微粉石灰石の配合率が4mass%(全石灰石に対する併用割合:40mass%)を超えると過溶融状態となり、燃焼溶融帯圧損が増加し始める。
同図に示したとおり、粉コークスの粒径が小さくなればなるほど、粉コークスの比表面積は増大し、また雰囲気温度も高温になるため、燃焼速度は上昇する。
従って、かような超微粉・高反応性炭材(高カーボンダスト)を適正な割合で併用することにより、燃焼速度の向上が期待できるわけである。
同図に示したとおり、高カーボンダストを外装した本発明に従う擬似粒子では、高カーボンダストの配合率が0.25mass%以上、すなわち全カーボン(固体燃料系粉原料)のうち高カーボンダストの配合割合が5mass%以上になると燃焼速度は上昇し、それに伴って層内最高到達温度も上昇する。しかしながら、高カーボンダストの配合割合が2mass%(粉コークスに対する併用割合:40mass%)を超えると、層内最高到達温度は低下し始める。
なお、図5には、比較のため、高カーボンダストを擬似粒子の内部に内装した場合の擬似粒子の造粒強度および焼結強度について調べた結果も併せて示す。
また、造粒強度および焼結強度はそれぞれ、以下に示す推定式(数1、数2)に基づいて推定した。
また、本発明に従った場合には、擬似粒子の焼結強度も格段に向上したが、この理由は、空隙率の低下に起因するものと考えられる。すなわち、本発明に従い、超微粉石灰石および高カーボンダストを適量併用した場合には、通常の粉石灰石および粉コークスの空隙に、微細な粉石灰石および高カーボンダストが侵入し、その結果、カーボン焼成後に生じる空隙(破壊起点)の生成が抑制されたことによるものと考えられる。
図6(b)と図7(b)を比較すれば明らかなように、従来法に従う擬似粒子では、高カーボンダストが内部に点在しているのに対し、本発明に従う擬似粒子では、超微粉石灰石が石灰石系粉原料の間隙に侵入した内層と、高カーボンダストが粉コークスの間隙に侵入した外層が形成されていることが分かる。
すなわち、超微粉石灰石の適量添加により、造粒時におけるCF融液の生成が促進されて強度の弱いカルシウムシリケートの生成が抑制される結果、擬似粒子の強度が向上し、また焼結時における通気性が向上する結果、焼結用原料の生産性が向上するのである。
一方、高カーボンダストの添加により、疎水性の炭材が外装されることによって、濡れ性が大きく改善される結果、造粒強度が格段に向上し、また通常の粉コークスの空隙に、微細な高カーボンダストが侵入する結果、カーボン焼成後に生じる空隙(破壊起点)の生成が抑制されて、擬似粒子の焼結強度が格段に向上し、さらに擬似粒子の外装造粒時間を従来に比べて約1/2程度まで短縮することができる。
ここに、超微粉石灰石の大きさとは、超微粉石灰石が球状の場合には円相当径、一方非球形の場合には、篩い目径と定義する。
例えば、表1に示すような超微粉石灰石が使用可能である。
一方、高カーボンダストC濃度が50mass%に満たないと燃焼熱が小さく、さらに共存するスラグ成分・灰分により、粉コークスの燃焼性が阻害されるという不利が生じる。
ここに、高カーボンダストの大きさの定義は、超微粉石灰石の場合と同じである。
前記高カーボンダストとしては、CDQ集塵粉、鉄粉製造時の集塵粉および貯骸槽の集塵粉からなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つであり、C濃度が50mass%以上に調整されたものであるのが好ましい。CDQ集塵粉、鉄粉製造時の集塵粉および貯骸槽の集塵粉の成分例を表2に示す。
なお、焼結用原料全体に対する固体燃料系粉原料および石灰石系粉原料の配合割合はそれぞれ、固体燃料系粉原料:3.0~6.0mass%、石灰石系粉原料:6.0~12.0mass%程度とすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは固体燃料系粉原料:3.5~5.0mass%、石灰石系粉原料:6.5~10.0mass%の範囲である。
同図に示したとおり、従来の擬似粒子の好適外装造粒時間が40秒前後であったのに対し、本発明に従う擬似粒子の好適外装造粒時間は20~25秒程度とあり、外装造粒時間を大幅に短縮することができた。
このようにして外装処理における外装時間を短縮することによって、外層形成用ドラムミキサーの生産性を向上することができる。しかも、得られた焼結用原料を焼結すると、CF融液を焼結用原料の表面に選択的に生成させて、焼結鉱を効率良く製造することもできる。
図1に示したように、鉄鉱石およびSiO2含有原料を装入口から撹拌混合用ドラムミキサー1に装入して、混合原料を生成した。なお、SiO2含有原料としては、珪石あるいはニッケルスラグを使用した。ついで、この混合原料をディスクペレタイザー2に装入し、このディスクペレタイザー2内で造粒して擬似粒子とした。ついで、得られた擬似粒子を外層形成用ドラムミキサー3に装入し、この擬似粒子が外層形成用ドラムミキサー3の排出口に到達するまでの滞留時間が40秒となる位置で、石灰石系粉原料として平均粒径:1.2mmの石灰石:8mass%と平均粒径:50μmの超微粉石灰石:2mass%(全石灰石に対する併用割合:20%)を添加し、また外層形成用ドラムミキサー3の排出口に到達するまでの滞留時間が20秒となる位置で、固体燃料系粉原料として平均粒径:0.9mmの粉コークス:4mass%と平均粒径:50μmの高カーボンダスト:1mass%(全コークスに対する併用割合:20%)を添加した。また、具体的な添加は、装入口あるいは排出口から外層形成用ドラムミキサー3内の長手方向に進退可能に配置したスクリューコンベアの先端位置を調整して添加した。したがって外装時間は40秒(石灰石系粉原料)、20秒(固体燃料系粉原料)である。
これを発明例1とする。
実施例1と同様にして、表3に示す種々の焼結用原料(発明例2,3および比較例3)を製造した。各焼結用原料における素材の配合割合は表3に示すとおりである。
発明例2は、全石灰石に対して超微粉石灰石を20mass%併用した場合、発明例3は、全石灰石に対して超微粉石灰石を20mass%併用すると共に、全コークスに対して高カーボンダストを20mass%併用した場合である。なお、外装時間はいずれも、粉石灰石が40秒、粉コークスが20秒とした。
かくして得られた各焼結用原料を焼結したときの焼結時間、歩留りおよび生産性について調べた結果を、比較して図9示す。
2 ディスクペレタイザー
3 外層形成用ドラムミキサー
4 無端移動グレート式焼成炉
5 点火炉
6 固体燃料系粉原料の供給装置
7 石灰石系粉原料の供給装置
Claims (12)
- 鉄鉱石、SiO2含有原料、石灰石系粉原料及び固体燃料系粉原料からなる焼結原料を準備し、
前記鉄鉱石及びSiO2含有原料を撹拌混合用ドラムミキサーで混合して、混合原料を生成し、
前記混合原料をディスクペレタイザーで造粒して、擬似粒子を生成し、
前記擬似粒子を外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給し、
前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーに供給された擬似粒子に、前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーの装入口側から前記石灰石系粉原料を添加すると共に、前記外層形成用ドラムミキサーの排出口側から前記固体燃料系粉原料を添加して、前記擬似粒子の表面に石灰石系粉原料層及び固体燃料系粉原料層を形成し、
前記石灰石系粉原料は、超微粉石灰石を5~40mass%含有する、
焼結用原料の製造方法。 - 前記石灰石系粉原料は、超微粉石灰石を10~40mass%含有する請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記固体燃料系粉原料は、高カーボンダストを5~40mass%含有する請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記固体燃料系粉原料は、高カーボンダストを10~40mass%含有する請求項3に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記超微粉石灰石が、50μm以下の大きさを有する請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記高カーボンダストが、50μm以下の大きさで、かつ50mass%以上のC濃度を有する請求項3に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記混合原料は、高カーボンダストを含有しないことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記固体燃料系粉原料および石灰石系粉原料の添加が、その添加から前記ドラムミキサーからの排出口に至る滞留時間が10~50秒となるように行われる請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記滞留時間が20~40秒である請求項8に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記高カーボンダストが、CDQ集塵粉、鉄粉製造時の集塵粉および貯骸槽の集塵粉からなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つであり、C濃度を50mass%以上に調整されたものである請求項3に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記固体燃料系粉原料が、250μm~2.5mmの平均粒径を有する請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
- 前記石灰石系粉原料が、250μm~5.0mmの平均粒径を有する請求項1に記載の焼結用原料の製造方法。
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WO2017094255A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 焼結鉱の製造方法 |
CN114574695B (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-08-22 | 中南大学 | 一种铁锰矿球团的烧结方法 |
CN114574694B (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-08-22 | 中南大学 | 一种铁精粉球团烧结的新方法 |
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JP5146572B1 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
BR112013002335B1 (pt) | 2018-09-18 |
CN103038370A (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
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