WO2012005056A1 - 走査透過電子顕微鏡 - Google Patents
走査透過電子顕微鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012005056A1 WO2012005056A1 PCT/JP2011/061232 JP2011061232W WO2012005056A1 WO 2012005056 A1 WO2012005056 A1 WO 2012005056A1 JP 2011061232 W JP2011061232 W JP 2011061232W WO 2012005056 A1 WO2012005056 A1 WO 2012005056A1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005311 autocorrelation function Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/261—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/153—Electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements for the correction of image defects, e.g. stigmators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/153—Correcting image defects, e.g. stigmators
- H01J2237/1534—Aberrations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/21—Focus adjustment
- H01J2237/216—Automatic focusing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/26—Electron or ion microscopes
- H01J2237/282—Determination of microscope properties
- H01J2237/2826—Calibration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an aberration corrector.
- the probe diameter is limited by the aberration of the electron optical system, in recent years, an apparatus equipped with an aberration corrector has been developed to correct this aberration.
- Patent Document 1 Various methods other than Patent Document 1 have been devised for measuring aberrations, and most of them, including the above-mentioned Patent Document, require a plurality of electron microscope images acquired by changing the irradiation angle and focus of the electron beam. And And most of the time for measuring the aberration is spent on the time for acquiring the plurality of electron microscope images.
- the user of the apparatus can visually check the low-order aberrations by visually observing the electron microscope image without relying on aberration measurement that takes several seconds to several minutes. It is corrected.
- the correction of the low-order aberration by visual inspection is mainly performed for the axial primary astigmatism A1 and the axial secondary coma aberration B2.
- a Ronchigram is divided into a plurality of regions, and an on-axis secondary frame is calculated from a center position coordinate vector of each region and a feature vector calculated from off-axis defocus at the position coordinate.
- Aberration correction conditions are obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating how the feature vector and the Ronchigram change in an example of a process in which the on-axis secondary coma aberration is corrected in the GUI of FIG. 9. It is a figure which shows the change of the feature vector shown in FIG. 10, (a) shows the case of X component, (b) shows the case of Y component. The flowchart of aberration correction is shown.
- the angle formed by the electron beam 102 after the trajectory is bent by the action of the pre-objective magnetic lens 101 and the optical axis 102 is defined as a convergence angle ⁇ . Due to the influence of aberration, the height at which the focal point is focused differs for each convergence angle, that is, for each electron beam passing through a different distance from the central axis of the pre-objective magnetic lens 101.
- the magnification of the image projected on the image surface 104 is a function of the height at which the focal point is focused and the distance between the sample surface 103. Therefore, the Ronchigram is a distorted image having a different magnification for each location reflecting the influence of aberration.
- C1 on the right side
- B2 is on-axis second order coma
- C3 third order spherical aberration
- S3 third order star aberration
- B4 is on-axis fourth order coma
- D4 is fourth order trefoil.
- C5 is called fifth-order spherical aberration
- S5 is called fifth-order star aberration
- R5 is called fifth-order rosetta aberration.
- the plurality of regions are arranged in a rectangular shape, but the plurality of regions may be arranged so that the sum related to the X component and the sum related to the Y component are respectively zero with respect to the central coordinates of each of the plurality of regions. . Therefore, in FIG. 5 (a-1), a 3 ⁇ 3 matrix region (8 regions) excluding the center is used as a plurality of regions. For example, a region (12 regions) obtained by removing the center 2 ⁇ 2 matrix from the 4 ⁇ 4 matrix. It can also be. Furthermore, the accuracy of the azimuth angle increases by increasing the number of regions. However, the 3 ⁇ 3 matrix region (eight regions) excluding the center is practical in terms of the vicinity of the center and the number of regions.
- each off-axis defocus C1 ( ⁇ ) obtained by the above-described method is meaningful only in the relative value of the divided areas, and the absolute value is an arbitrary scale, but in order to achieve the object of the present invention, It is enough.
- the feature vector W obtained from the off-axis defocus C1 ( ⁇ ) corresponds to the center-of-gravity vector when the magnitude of the off-axis defocus C1 ( ⁇ ) is regarded as a load. Is reflected. That is, as long as the relative value of off-axis defocus C1 ( ⁇ ) is correct, the direction of the feature vector W coincides with the direction of the on-axis secondary coma aberration B2.
- the magnitude of the feature vector W may be calibrated for each method for obtaining the off-axis defocus C1 ( ⁇ ).
- the angle of the feature vector W is ⁇ 120 ⁇ 6 degrees, which almost coincides with the angle of the on-axis secondary coma aberration B2. Further, a proportional relationship is recognized between the magnitude of the on-axis secondary coma aberration B2 and the magnitude of the feature vector W. Therefore, the angle of the feature vector W is regarded as the angle of the axial secondary coma aberration B2, and the proportional relationship between the magnitude of the axial secondary coma aberration B2 and the size of the feature vector W is calibrated in advance. It becomes possible to calculate a correction condition for the on-axis secondary coma aberration B2 from the vector W.
- the electron beam that has passed through the aberration corrector 805 is focused on the sample 808 by the pre-objective magnetic lens 807 to form a probe.
- the electron beam transmitted and scattered through the sample 808 forms an electron beam diffraction image below the sample 808 by the post-objective magnetic lens 809 and is projected onto the camera 814 by the projection lens 810.
- the electron beam probe is scanned on the sample by the scan coils 806a and 806b below the aberration corrector 805, and the dark field image detector 812 or the bright field image is synchronized with the scanning.
- the signal from the detector 813 is acquired by performing luminance modulation on the image intensity.
- the alignment coil 811 installed under the projection lens 810 is used for axial alignment with the dark field image detector 812, the bright field image detector 813, and the camera 814. Since the bright field image detector 813 is installed on the optical axis, it has a movable mechanism that can be removed from the optical axis when the camera 814 is used.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B show changes in feature vectors and Ronchigrams for an example of a process in which the on-axis secondary coma aberration B2 is corrected based on the flowchart shown in FIG. Represents an X component, and (b) represents a Y component.
- X1 in FIG. 11A be the initial state.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart of aberration correction, and shows a flowchart in the case of using in combination with the secondary coma aberration correction according to the present embodiment, the aberration measurement by a known technique, and the correction method.
- step S131 primary aberration correction is performed by a conventional method.
- secondary coma is corrected by the method according to the present embodiment (step S132).
- step S133 the aberration is measured by the conventional method (step S133), and it is confirmed whether the third-order aberration is larger than the allowable range (step S134). Return and repeat step S132 and step S133. If the third-order aberration is within an allowable range, the residual aberration is corrected by a conventional method (step S136), and the correction is completed.
- the feature vector is approximated by the on-axis second-order coma aberration. Therefore, the on-axis second-order coma aberration is efficiently corrected in a short time by using the feature vector. It is possible to provide a scanning transmission electron microscope.
- the information processing apparatus divides the Ronchigram acquired by the detector into a plurality of regions, and from the off-axis defocus obtained for each of the plurality of regions and the distance from the Ronchigram center to the center of the plurality of regions, A scanning transmission electron microscope characterized by calculating a feature vector reflecting the magnitude and direction of secondary coma.
- the sample is an amorphous sample
- the off-axis defocus obtained for each of the plurality of regions is an autocorrelation function calculated for each of the plurality of regions.
- a scanning transmission electron microscope characterized by being approximated as the ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2) power of the area of an ellipse representing the contour line of the intensity distribution.
- the control unit is connected to an increase / decrease unit that increases / decreases the X component and Y component of the on-axis secondary coma aberration, and is based on an input from the increase / decrease unit.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 電子線源と前記電子線源から放出された電子を電子線として試料に対して照射する電子光学系と前記試料を透過した電子線を検出する検出器と前記電子光学系の収差を補正する収差補正器とを備えた鏡体と、前記鏡体内の前記各構成要素を制御する制御ユニットと、前記検出器の検出信号を処理する情報処理装置とを備えた走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記情報処理装置は、前記検出器により取得されたロンチグラムを複数領域に分割し、前記複数領域毎に求まる軸外デフォーカスと、前記ロンチグラム中心から前記複数領域の中心までの距離とから、軸上2次コマ収差の大きさと方向を反映した特徴ベクトルを算出することを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(2) 上記(1)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記試料はアモルファス試料であり、前記複数領域毎に求まる前記軸外デフォーカスは、前記複数領域に対してそれぞれ計算された自己相関関数の強度分布の等高線を表す楕円の面積の(-1/2)乗として近似されることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(3) 上記(1)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記試料は、大きさの揃った微粒子試料であり、前記複数領域毎に求まる前記軸外デフォーカスは、前記複数領域でのそれぞれの前記微粒子の面積の(-1/2)乗として近似されることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(4) 複数のレンズにより構成される収差補正器と、前記収差補正器により収差の補正された電子線を試料に対して走査する電子光学系と、前記試料を透過した電子線を検出する検出器と、前記検出器の検出信号を処理して走査透過電子線像を形成する情報処理装置を備えた走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記検出器により取得されたロンチグラム及び軸上2次コマ収差の大きさと方向を反映した特徴ベクトルを表示する画像表示手段を備えたことを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(5) 上記(4)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記画像表示手段は、特徴ベクトルと共に基準円を表示するものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(6) 上記(5)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記特徴ベクトルは、前記基準円の外と内にある場合で色を変えて表示されるものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(7) 上記(1)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記制御ユニットは、軸上2次コマ収差のX成分、Y成分を増減する増減手段に接続され、前記増減手段からの入力に基づき前記収差補正器を制御することにより、軸上2次コマ収差の補正を行うものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(8) 上記(7)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記増減手段は、前記特徴ベクトルのX成分が最小となるように前記軸上2次コマ収差のX成分を増減し、前記特徴ベクトルのY成分が最小となるように前記軸上2次コマ収差のY成分を増減するものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(9) 上記(1)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記複数領域は、前記複数領域の各々の中心座標について、X成分に関する和、及びY成分に関する和がそれぞれゼロになることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
(10) 上記(9)に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、前記複数領域は、中心を除く3×3のマトリックス領域であることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
Claims (10)
- 電子線源と前記電子線源から放出された電子を電子線として試料に対して照射する電子光学系と前記試料を透過した電子線を検出する検出器と前記電子光学系の収差を補正する収差補正器とを備えた鏡体と、前記鏡体内の前記各構成要素を制御する制御ユニットと、前記検出器の検出信号を処理する情報処理装置とを備えた走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記情報処理装置は、前記検出器により取得されたロンチグラムを複数領域に分割し、前記複数領域毎に求まる軸外デフォーカスと、前記ロンチグラム中心から前記複数領域の中心までの距離とから、軸上2次コマ収差の大きさと方向を反映した特徴ベクトルを算出することを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項1に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記試料はアモルファス試料であり、
前記複数領域毎に求まる前記軸外デフォーカスは、前記複数領域に対してそれぞれ計算された自己相関関数の強度分布の等高線を表す楕円の面積の(-1/2)乗として近似されることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項1に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記試料は、大きさの揃った微粒子試料であり、
前記複数領域毎に求まる前記軸外デフォーカスは、前記複数領域でのそれぞれの前記微粒子の面積の(-1/2)乗として近似されることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 複数のレンズにより構成される収差補正器と、前記収差補正器により収差の補正された電子線を試料に対して走査する電子光学系と、前記試料を透過した電子線を検出する検出器と、前記検出器の検出信号を処理して走査透過電子線像を形成する情報処理装置を備えた走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記検出器により取得されたロンチグラム及び軸上2次コマ収差の大きさと方向を反映した特徴ベクトルを表示する画像表示手段を備えたことを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項4に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記画像表示手段は、特徴ベクトルと共に基準円を表示するものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項5に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記特徴ベクトルは、前記基準円の外と内にある場合で色を変えて表示されるものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項1に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記制御ユニットは、軸上2次コマ収差のX成分、Y成分を増減する増減手段に接続され、前記増減手段からの入力に基づき前記収差補正器を制御することにより、軸上2次コマ収差の補正を行うものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項7に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記増減手段は、前記特徴ベクトルのX成分が最小となるように前記軸上2次コマ収差のX成分を増減し、前記特徴ベクトルのY成分が最小となるように前記軸上2次コマ収差のY成分を増減するものであることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項1に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記複数領域は、前記複数領域の各々の中心座標について、X成分に関する和、及びY成分に関する和がそれぞれゼロになることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。 - 請求項9に記載の走査透過電子顕微鏡において、
前記複数領域は、中心を除く3×3のマトリックス領域であることを特徴とする走査透過電子顕微鏡。
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JP2019153488A (ja) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | 日本電子株式会社 | 電子顕微鏡 |
JP2022110302A (ja) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-29 | 日本電子株式会社 | 収差測定方法および電子顕微鏡 |
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JP6429677B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-11-28 | 日本電子株式会社 | 測定方法および電子顕微鏡 |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2014041927A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 荷電粒子線装置、及び収差補正方法 |
JP2019153488A (ja) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | 日本電子株式会社 | 電子顕微鏡 |
JP2022110302A (ja) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-29 | 日本電子株式会社 | 収差測定方法および電子顕微鏡 |
JP7267319B2 (ja) | 2021-01-18 | 2023-05-01 | 日本電子株式会社 | 収差測定方法および電子顕微鏡 |
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JPWO2012005056A1 (ja) | 2013-09-02 |
EP2592641A4 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
JP5469246B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2592641A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
US8866078B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
US20130099117A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
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