WO2011152464A1 - 金属空気電池 - Google Patents
金属空気電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011152464A1 WO2011152464A1 PCT/JP2011/062616 JP2011062616W WO2011152464A1 WO 2011152464 A1 WO2011152464 A1 WO 2011152464A1 JP 2011062616 W JP2011062616 W JP 2011062616W WO 2011152464 A1 WO2011152464 A1 WO 2011152464A1
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- air battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal-air battery.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-66202 proposes that an electrolyte contains an ionic liquid, inorganic fine particles, and an electrolyte salt in a metal-air battery in which an electrolyte-containing layer is provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. ing. Also, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- the positive electrode contains a positive electrode catalyst having an oxygen absorption / release capacity, a carbon material, and an organic binder (carbon fiber or the like), and the negative electrode has a plate shape. Formed by lithium.
- the positive electrode catalyst manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), perovskite oxide, or the like is used.
- the positive electrode is a gas diffusion type oxygen electrode mainly composed of carbon (C), and the negative electrode can occlude and release metallic lithium or lithium ions. Formed from various materials.
- the positive electrode contains 20 to 60% by weight of an iron (Fe) -based oxide having a perovskite structure.
- lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3
- the positive electrode contains carbon as a conductive material
- lithium carbonate Li 2 CO 3
- the charging voltage becomes high.
- the positive electrode is a porous member, there is a possibility that the electrolyte penetrates the positive electrode and leaks out. When electrolyte solution leaks, battery performance (battery capacity etc.) will fall remarkably.
- auxiliary electrode for charging that is, a third electrode
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode during discharging and using the negative electrode and the auxiliary electrode during charging
- charging and discharging of the metal-air battery can be performed. It is possible to improve the performance.
- the negative electrode and the auxiliary electrode may be short-circuited.
- the present invention is directed to a metal-air battery, and its main purpose is to prevent the formation of metal carbonate on the positive electrode during discharge. Another object of the invention is to prevent the electrolytic solution from permeating through the positive electrode and leaking out, and to prevent a short circuit between the negative electrode and the auxiliary electrode.
- One preferable metal-air battery of the present invention includes a negative electrode that contains a metal and generates metal ions upon discharge, a perovskite oxide having conductivity, a catalyst that promotes an oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon. And a porous positive electrode that generates oxygen ions during discharge and an electrolyte layer disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Thereby, it can prevent that metal carbonate is produced
- the positive electrode includes a support part, a conductive film formed of the perovskite oxide on the support part, and a catalyst layer formed of the catalyst on the conductive film.
- a more preferred metal-air battery further includes a liquid repellent layer provided on the positive electrode and having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer. Thereby, it can prevent that electrolyte solution osmose
- Another preferred metal-air battery of the present invention includes a negative electrode layer that contains a metal and generates metal ions during discharge, a conductive material, and a catalyst that promotes an oxygen reduction reaction.
- An auxiliary member having a surface facing a surface of the negative electrode layer opposite to the positive electrode layer, a porous electrolyte layer that forms a positive electrode layer, a first electrolyte layer disposed between the negative electrode layer and the positive electrode layer An electrode layer; and a second electrolyte layer disposed between the negative electrode layer and the auxiliary electrode layer and communicating with the first electrolyte layer, wherein the surface of the negative electrode layer is the surface of the auxiliary electrode layer
- the metal is deposited on the negative electrode layer when a voltage is applied between the negative electrode layer and the auxiliary electrode layer during charging. . Thereby, it can prevent that a negative electrode layer and an auxiliary electrode layer short-circuit.
- the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the auxiliary electrode layer are cylindrical, the positive electrode layer is disposed inside the negative electrode layer, and the auxiliary electrode layer is disposed outside the negative electrode layer.
- the conductive material is a perovskite oxide and the positive electrode layer does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent metal carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode layer during discharge.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a metal-air battery 11 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal-air battery 11 is substantially cylindrical, and FIG. 1 shows a cross section including the central axis J1 of the metal-air battery 11.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view of the metal-air battery 11 taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the metal-air battery 11 is a secondary battery that includes a positive electrode 12, a negative electrode 13, an electrolyte layer 14, and an air introduction tube 15, and extends radially outward from the central axis J ⁇ b> 1.
- the air introduction tube 15, the positive electrode 12, the electrolyte layer 14, and the negative electrode 13 are arranged concentrically in this order.
- the metal-air battery 11 has a substantially cylindrical shape in which the negative electrode 13 is disposed on the outer periphery and the positive electrode 12 is disposed on the inner periphery.
- the positive electrode 12 is a substantially bottomed cylindrical porous member, and includes a substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode support 121, a positive electrode conductive layer 122, and a positive electrode catalyst layer 123.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 122 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode support portion 121, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 122.
- a positive electrode current collector 124 is provided on a part of the outer surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 122 instead of the positive electrode catalyst layer 123, and as shown in FIG. Terminal 125 is connected.
- the positive electrode 12 and the positive electrode current collector 124 do not contain carbon (C).
- the positive electrode support portion 121 is a porous member formed of a metal such as alumina (aluminum oxide: Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia, ceramic, or stainless steel.
- the positive electrode support portion 121 is an insulator. It is made of some alumina.
- the positive electrode support 121 is formed by extrusion molding, CIP (Cold Isostatic Press) and firing, or HIP (Hot Isostatic Press).
- the positive electrode conductive layer 122 is a porous thin conductive film mainly formed of a conductive perovskite oxide (usually in powder form), and preferably has a chemical formula A 1-x BO 3 (0.9 It is formed of a perovskite oxide represented by ⁇ 1-x ⁇ 1.0).
- the positive electrode conductive layer 122 includes a lanthanum perovskite oxide (specifically, lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM: La (Sr) MnO 3 ) or lanthanum strontium cobaltite (LSC: La (Sr))).
- LSM lanthanum strontium manganite
- LSC La (Sr)
- a perovskite oxide containing lanthanum at the A site such as CoO 3 ).
- the positive electrode conductive layer 122 is formed by slurry coating, hydrothermal synthesis, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), or the like.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is a porous member mainly formed of a metal oxide such as manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), or cobalt (Co) that is a catalyst that promotes an oxygen reduction reaction.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is formed of a noble metal such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), or a mixture of these noble metals and the above metal oxides. May be.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is formed of manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) having a ⁇ -type (rutile-type) crystal structure.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is formed by a slurry coating method and baking, a hydrothermal synthesis method, CVD, PVD, or the like.
- the negative electrode 13 includes a substantially bottomed cylindrical negative electrode support portion 131 and a substantially bottomed cylindrical negative electrode layered on the inner side surface and the inner bottom surface of the negative electrode support portion 131.
- a conductive layer 132 is provided.
- the negative electrode support portion 131 is a negative electrode current collector formed of a conductive material such as metal (in this embodiment, stainless steel), and the negative electrode support portion 131 has a negative electrode on the outer surface as shown in FIG.
- a current collecting terminal 133 is provided.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 132 is a thin conductive film formed using a metal such as lithium (Li) or zinc (Zn), or an alloy containing the metal. In this embodiment, the negative electrode conductive layer 132 is lithium or lithium. It is formed from an alloy.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 132 is formed by, for example, a slurry coating method.
- the electrolyte layer 14 is formed of a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrolyte layer 14 is formed by filling (disposing) an organic solvent-based electrolyte solution between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13.
- the electrolyte layer 14 is in contact with the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 of the positive electrode 12, the positive electrode current collector 124, and the negative electrode conductive layer 132 of the negative electrode 13.
- the upper surface of the electrolyte layer 14 is closed by a substantially annular inner lid 151 in contact with the outer surface of the positive electrode support portion 121 and the inner surface of the negative electrode support portion 131, and has the same shape as the inner lid 151 above the inner lid 151.
- An upper lid 152 is provided to close the upper opening of the substantially bottomed cylindrical negative electrode 13.
- the air introduction tube 15 is disposed inside the substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode 12, and the lower end of the air introduction tube 15 is located near the bottom of the positive electrode support portion 121 of the positive electrode 12.
- the upper end of the air introduction pipe 15 is connected to a removal unit 153 that removes moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
- the removing unit 153 removes moisture and carbon dioxide in the air by a membrane separation method or adsorption. Air from the removing unit 153 (that is, air from which moisture and carbon dioxide have been removed) is guided to the vicinity of the bottom inside the positive electrode 12 by the air introduction tube 15 and is supplied to the positive electrode 12 while being supplied to the inner surface of the positive electrode 12. And is discharged from the upper opening of the positive electrode 12 to the outside.
- the air introduction tube 15 serves as a gas supply unit that supplies the air from the removal unit 153 to the positive electrode 12.
- the air supplied to the positive electrode 12 passes through the positive electrode support part 121 and the positive electrode conductive layer 122 which are porous members, and is supplied to the positive electrode catalyst layer 123.
- the negative electrode current collector terminal 133 and the positive electrode current collector terminal 125 are electrically connected via a load (for example, a lighting fixture).
- a load for example, a lighting fixture.
- lithium contained in the negative electrode conductive layer 132 is oxidized to generate lithium ions (Li + ), and electrons are supplied to the positive electrode 12 through the negative electrode current collector terminal 133, the positive electrode current collector 124, and the positive electrode current collector terminal 125.
- oxygen in the air supplied from the air introduction tube 15 is reduced by electrons supplied from the negative electrode 13 to generate oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ).
- the generation of oxygen ions (that is, the oxygen reduction reaction) is promoted by the positive electrode catalyst contained in the positive electrode catalyst layer 123, so the overvoltage due to the energy consumed for the reduction reaction is reduced, and the metal-air battery 11.
- the discharge voltage can be increased.
- Oxygen ions generated at the positive electrode 12 are combined with lithium ions dissolved in the electrolyte layer 14 from the negative electrode 13, thereby generating lithium oxide (Li 2 O).
- a positive electrode of a normal metal-air battery is mainly composed of carbon for obtaining conductivity, and a positive electrode catalyst for promoting a reduction reaction of oxygen is added to the carbon.
- a metal-air battery lithium ions generated during discharge are deposited on the positive electrode as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and the lithium carbonate is electrolyzed and ionized during charging. Since a large amount of energy is required, the charging voltage becomes high.
- the positive electrode 12 containing no carbon is realized by forming the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 on the positive electrode conductive layer 122 formed of a perovskite oxide. be able to. Thereby, it can prevent that lithium carbonate is produced
- the perovskite oxide contained in the positive electrode conductive layer 122 is represented by the chemical formula A 1-x BO 3 (0.9 ⁇ 1-x ⁇ 1.0), the positive electrode conductive layer 122 It is possible to prevent deterioration due to moisture and improve the durability of the metal-air battery 11.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 122 of the positive electrode 12 is a thin conductive film supported (supported) by the positive electrode support portion 121, it is possible to reduce the amount of use of a relatively expensive perovskite oxide. . As a result, the manufacturing cost of the metal air battery 11 can be reduced. Moreover, since the negative electrode 13 contains lithium or a lithium alloy having a high theoretical voltage and an electrochemical equivalent, the capacity of the metal-air battery 11 can be increased.
- the metal-air battery 11 has a cylindrical shape in which the negative electrode 13 and the positive electrode 12 are disposed on the outer periphery and the inner periphery, respectively, even if the metal-air battery 11 needs to be enlarged, Thin film layers such as the conductive layer 132 and the positive electrode conductive layer 122 can be easily formed. That is, it is possible to easily cope with an increase in size of the metal-air battery 11.
- air from which moisture and carbon dioxide have been removed is supplied to the positive electrode 12 through the air introduction tube 15, carbon dioxide in the air reacts with lithium ions, and lithium carbonate adheres to the positive electrode 12.
- lithium contained in the negative electrode conductive layer 132 of the negative electrode 13 is prevented from reacting with moisture and the negative electrode conductive layer 132 being deteriorated.
- inorganic fine particles may be added to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the electrolyte layer 14.
- inorganic fine particles inorganic oxides such as alumina, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zeolite, and perovskite oxide are preferable, and the Si ratio is particularly high (for example, Si / Al is 2 or more). Zeolite particles are preferred.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution included in the first electrolyte layer 14 described later includes inorganic fine particles, so that the same effect as described above (that is, an increase in battery capacity). And prevention of leakage).
- FIGS. 5 to 7 are a longitudinal sectional view and a transverse sectional view of the metal-air battery 11a according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows the metal-air battery 11a at the position IV-IV in FIG. It is the figure which cut
- another electrolyte layer 16 is disposed between the electrolyte layer 14 and the positive electrode 12, and a partition wall layer 17 is disposed between the electrolyte layer 14 and the electrolyte layer 16.
- the partition layer 17 is a thin-film solid electrolyte, and selectively allows only lithium ions to pass through.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the metal-air battery 11 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding configurations in the following description.
- the electrolyte layer 14 and the electrolyte layer 16 are referred to as a “first electrolyte layer 14” and a “second electrolyte layer 16”, respectively.
- the second electrolyte layer 16 has a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape centered on the central axis J ⁇ b> 1 and is in contact with the positive electrode 12.
- the partition wall layer 17 also has a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape and is in contact with the first electrolyte layer 14 and the second electrolyte layer 16.
- the second electrolyte layer 16 is formed by filling (arranging) an aqueous electrolyte solution between the positive electrode 12 and the partition wall layer 17. Similar to the upper surface of the first electrolyte layer 14, the upper surface of the second electrolyte layer 16 is closed by a substantially annular inner lid 151 (shown only in FIG. 3).
- the first electrolyte layer 14 is a porous polymer impregnated with a non-aqueous (for example, organic solvent-based) electrolyte solution, and the partition layer 17 that is a thin-film solid electrolyte is the first electrolyte layer.
- the first electrolyte layer 14 supports (supports) the inner surface and the inner bottom surface of the layer 14. That is, the first electrolyte layer 14 is also a partition support layer that supports the partition layer 17.
- glass ceramics (LTAP) represented by the chemical formula Li 1 + x + y Ti 2 ⁇ x Al x P 3 ⁇ y Si y O 12 is used.
- the hydroxide ions become lithium hydroxide (LiOH) together with the lithium ions dissolved in the electrolyte layer 14 from the negative electrode 13. Since lithium hydroxide is water-soluble, it dissolves in the aqueous electrolyte solution of the second electrolyte layer 16.
- the positive electrode 12 since the positive electrode 12 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent lithium carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 12 during discharge.
- the charging voltage of 11a can be lowered.
- the partition layer 17 between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 when lithium is deposited in a dendritic shape on the negative electrode 13 during charging, the portion (in a dendritic shape) ( The growth of so-called dendrites toward the positive electrode 12 can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the dendrite from reaching the positive electrode 12 and causing a short circuit.
- the partition wall layer 17 is supported by the first electrolyte layer 14, thereby facilitating the installation of the thin-film partition wall layer 17.
- the metal-air battery 11a can be downsized.
- the partition wall layer 17 is thin, the ionic conductivity is increased as compared with the case where the partition wall layer 17 is thickened.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery 11b according to the third embodiment.
- a partition wall layer 17a as a separator is provided instead of the partition wall layer 17 (solid electrolyte) of the metal-air battery 11a shown in FIGS.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the metal-air battery 11a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding configurations in the following description.
- the partition wall layer 17a is a porous member formed of ceramic, metal, inorganic material, organic material, or the like, and holds an electrolyte that selectively allows lithium ions to pass through in the pores.
- the partition wall layer 17a is formed by extrusion molding, CIP and baking, HIP, or the like.
- the reaction at the time of discharging and charging in the metal-air battery 11b is the same as that of the metal-air battery 11a according to the second embodiment.
- the positive electrode 12 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent lithium carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 12 during discharge, The charging voltage of the metal-air battery 11b can be lowered. Further, by providing the partition wall layer 17a between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13, it is possible to suppress the growth of dendrite on the negative electrode 13 during charging and to generate a short circuit as in the second embodiment. Can be prevented. In the metal-air battery 11b, in particular, since the support by the first electrolyte layer 14 is not necessary for the installation of the partition wall layer 17a that is a separator, the degree of freedom in selecting the material of the first electrolyte layer 14 is improved.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery 11c according to the fourth embodiment.
- the metal-air battery 11c has the same configuration as that of the metal-air battery 11a shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 except that a partition support layer 171 is provided between the second electrolyte layer 16 and the partition layer 17, and includes the following: In the description, the same reference numerals are assigned to the corresponding components.
- the partition support layer 171 is a porous member formed by a method such as extrusion, CIP and firing, or HIP using ceramic, metal, inorganic material, or organic material, and the second electrolyte layer 16 is formed in the hole.
- the aqueous electrolyte solution is impregnated.
- the partition wall layer 17, which is a thin-film solid electrolyte, is supported (supported) by the partition wall support layer 171 on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the partition wall support layer 171. Reactions in discharging and charging in the metal-air battery 11c are the same as those in the metal-air battery 11a according to the second embodiment.
- the positive electrode 12 since the positive electrode 12 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent lithium carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 12 during discharge, The charging voltage of the metal-air battery 11c can be lowered.
- the partition layer 17 and the partition support layer 171 between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 the growth of dendrites on the negative electrode 13 during charging is suppressed and short circuited as in the second embodiment. Can be prevented.
- the partition wall layer 17 is supported by the partition wall support layer 171, and it is not necessary to support the partition wall layer 17 by the first electrolyte layer 14. Therefore, the material selection of the first electrolyte layer 14 is not necessary. The degree of freedom is improved.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a metal-air battery 11d according to the fifth embodiment.
- the first electrolyte layer 14 is connected to a circulation mechanism 181 that circulates the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 14, and the second electrolyte layer 16 is connected to the second electrolyte layer 16. Except for the point that it is connected to an exchange mechanism for exchanging the aqueous electrolyte solution, it has the same configuration as that of the metal-air battery 11c shown in FIG.
- a supply port 141 for supplying an electrolyte solution to the first electrolyte layer 14 and a discharge port 142 for discharging the electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 14 are provided at the side of the metal-air battery 11d. It is formed.
- the supply port 141 and the discharge port 142 are connected to the circulation mechanism 181 via the conduit 143, and the electrolyte solution discharged from the discharge port 142 is supplied again from the supply port 141 to the first electrolyte layer 14 via the circulation mechanism 181. Is done. Thereby, the flow of the electrolyte solution is generated in the first electrolyte layer 14, and the generation and growth of dendrite during the charging of the metal-air battery 11d is suppressed.
- the circulation mechanism 181 is provided with a filter, and the lithium is collected in the circulation mechanism 181 when a thin piece of lithium is peeled off from the negative electrode conductive layer 132 during charging or the like.
- a supply port 161 for supplying the electrolyte solution to the second electrolyte layer 16 and a discharge port 162 for discharging the electrolyte solution of the second electrolyte layer 16 are formed.
- the supply port 161 is connected to the supply mechanism 1821 of the exchange mechanism, and a new electrolyte solution is supplied from the supply mechanism 1821 to the second electrolyte layer 16.
- the discharge port 162 is connected to a recovery mechanism 1822 of the exchange mechanism, and the electrolyte solution discharged from the second electrolyte layer 16 is recovered by the recovery mechanism 1822.
- Lithium is recovered from the electrolyte solution recovered by the recovery mechanism 1822.
- the lithium may be reused as the negative electrode conductive layer 132 of the metal-air battery.
- the negative electrode support part 131 does not necessarily need to be formed of a conductive material.
- the negative electrode support part 131 is formed of an insulator, the negative electrode current collector terminal 133 penetrates the negative electrode support part 131.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 132 is electrically connected.
- the negative electrode support part 131 does not necessarily need to be provided, and the whole negative electrode 13 may be formed of lithium or a lithium alloy.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 132 may be formed of various materials including a metal that is oxidized during discharge to generate metal ions.
- the positive electrode current collector 124 may be omitted and the positive electrode current collector terminal 125 may be provided on the inner side surface of the positive electrode support part 121.
- the positive electrode support portion 121 that supports the positive electrode conductive layer 122 may be omitted.
- the positive electrode current collecting terminal 125 is provided on the inner surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 122.
- a conductive layer is formed from a mixture of the material of the positive electrode support portion 121 and the material of the positive electrode conductive layer 122 (that is, a perovskite oxide), and the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 is formed on the conductive layer. And may be the positive electrode 12.
- the positive electrode 12 may be formed from a mixture of the positive electrode support portion 121, the positive electrode conductive layer 122, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 123.
- the positive electrode 12 since the positive electrode 12 includes a perovskite oxide having conductivity and a catalyst that promotes the oxygen reduction reaction and does not include carbon, the negative electrode is discharged during discharge of the metal-air battery. It is possible to prevent the metal carbonate contained in 13 from being formed on the positive electrode 12.
- the electrolyte layer 14 may be formed of a non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, a solid electrolyte.
- the second electrolyte layer 16 may be formed of a non-aqueous electrolyte (for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution or a solid electrolyte).
- the above-described inorganic fine particles may be added to the electrolyte solution, and the electrolyte solution contains the inorganic fine particles, so that the inside of the metal-air battery The resistance is reduced and the battery capacity is increased, and leakage from the metal-air battery is prevented.
- the structure of the metal-air battery described above may be applied to a metal-air battery having a shape other than a cylindrical shape (for example, a flat plate shape). Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the secondary battery was demonstrated, the structure of the above-mentioned metal air battery may be applied to a primary battery or a fuel cell.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a metal-air battery 21 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal-air battery 21 is substantially cylindrical, and FIG. 8 shows a cross section including the central axis J1 of the metal-air battery 21.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the metal-air battery 21 taken along the position IX-IX in FIG.
- the metal-air battery 21 is a secondary battery including a positive electrode 22, a negative electrode 23, an electrolyte layer 24, and an air introduction tube 25, and extends radially outward from the central axis J ⁇ b> 1.
- the air introduction tube 25, the positive electrode 22, the electrolyte layer 24, and the negative electrode 23 are arranged concentrically in this order.
- the metal-air battery 21 has a substantially cylindrical shape in which the negative electrode 23 is disposed on the outer periphery and the positive electrode 22 is disposed on the inner periphery.
- the positive electrode 22 is a substantially bottomed cylindrical porous member, and includes a substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode support 221, a positive electrode conductive layer 222, and a positive electrode catalyst layer 223.
- the metal-air battery 21 further includes a porous liquid repellent layer 229 having liquid repellency with respect to an electrolyte solution described later (in this embodiment, water repellency with respect to an aqueous electrolyte solution).
- the liquid repellent layer 229 is laminated on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode support portion 221.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 222 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the liquid repellent layer 229, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222.
- a positive electrode current collector 224 is provided in place of the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 on a part of the outer surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222, and as shown in FIG. Terminal 225 is connected.
- the positive electrode 22 and the positive electrode current collector 224 do not contain carbon (C).
- the positive electrode support portion 221 is a porous member formed of a ceramic such as alumina (aluminum oxide: Al 2 O 3 ) or zirconia, or a metal such as stainless steel, similarly to the positive electrode support portion 121 described above.
- the positive electrode support portion 221 is formed of alumina which is an insulator.
- the positive electrode support portion 221 is formed by the same method as the positive electrode support portion 121.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 222 on the positive electrode support portion 221 is formed in the same manner as the positive electrode conductive layer 122 described above, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 is formed in the same manner as the positive electrode catalyst layer 123 described above.
- the liquid repellent layer 229 disposed between the positive electrode support portion 221 and the positive electrode conductive layer 222 is formed of a material having water repellency, and has high heat resistance when the temperature is high when the positive electrode conductive layer 222 is formed.
- a ceramic material having a property for example, oxide ceramic
- a porous film formed of silica (silicon dioxide: SiO 2 ) or a silica composite material is used as the liquid repellent layer 229.
- the porous member having no water repellency has a functional group such as a saturated fluoroalkyl group (particularly a trifluoromethyl group (CF 3 ⁇ )), an alkylsilyl group, a fluorosilyl group, and a long-chain alkyl group.
- the liquid repellent layer 229 may be formed by coating a substance.
- the negative electrode 23 includes a substantially bottomed cylindrical negative electrode support portion 231, and a substantially bottomed cylindrical negative electrode layered on the inner side surface and the inner bottom surface of the negative electrode support portion 231.
- a conductive layer 232 is provided.
- the negative electrode support portion 231 is a negative electrode current collector formed of a conductive material such as metal (stainless steel in the present embodiment).
- a current collecting terminal 233 is provided.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 232 is a thin conductive film formed using a metal such as zinc (Zn) or lithium (Li), or an alloy containing the metal. In this embodiment, the negative electrode conductive layer 232 is zinc or zinc. It is formed from an alloy.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 232 is formed by, for example, a slurry coating method.
- the electrolyte layer 24 is formed of a water-based electrolyte, and in the present embodiment, an electrolytic solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) (also referred to as an electrolyte solution) is filled between the positive electrode 22 and the negative electrode 23 (arrangement). Formed).
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the electrolyte layer 24 is in contact with the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 of the positive electrode 22, the positive electrode current collector 224, and the negative electrode conductive layer 232 of the negative electrode 23.
- the upper surface of the electrolyte layer 24 is closed by a substantially annular inner lid 251 in contact with the outer side surface of the positive electrode support portion 221 and the inner side surface of the negative electrode support portion 231, and has the same shape as the inner lid 251 above the inner lid 251.
- the electrolytic solution contained in the electrolyte layer 24 may be another aqueous electrolytic solution or a non-aqueous (for example, organic solvent based) electrolytic solution.
- the air introduction tube 25 is disposed inside the substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode 22, and the lower end of the air introduction tube 25 is located near the bottom of the positive electrode support portion 221 of the positive electrode 22.
- the upper end of the air introduction pipe 25 is connected to a removal unit 253 that removes moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
- the removing unit 253 removes moisture and carbon dioxide in the air by a membrane separation method or adsorption. Air from the removal unit 253 (that is, air from which moisture and carbon dioxide have been removed) is guided to the vicinity of the bottom inside the positive electrode 22 by the air introduction tube 25 and is supplied to the positive electrode 22 while being supplied to the inner surface of the positive electrode 22. Are discharged from the upper opening of the positive electrode 22 to the outside.
- the air introduction tube 25 serves as a gas supply unit that supplies the air from the removal unit 253 to the positive electrode 22.
- the air supplied to the positive electrode 22 passes through the positive electrode support 221, the liquid repellent layer 229, and the positive electrode conductive layer 222, each of which is a porous member, and is supplied to the positive electrode catalyst layer 223.
- an interface between air and an electrolytic solution is formed in the porous positive electrode catalyst layer 223.
- the negative electrode current collector terminal 233 and the positive electrode current collector terminal 225 are electrically connected via a load (for example, a lighting fixture).
- a load for example, a lighting fixture.
- the metal contained in the negative electrode conductive layer 232 is oxidized to generate metal ions (here, zinc ions (Zn 2+ )), and the electrons are the negative electrode current collector terminal 233, the positive electrode current collector terminal 225, and the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode 22 is supplied via the body 224.
- oxygen in the air supplied from the air introduction tube 25 is reduced by electrons supplied from the negative electrode 23 to generate oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ).
- the positive electrode 22 generation of oxygen ions (that is, oxygen reduction reaction) is promoted by the positive electrode catalyst contained in the positive electrode catalyst layer 223, so that an overvoltage due to energy consumed for the reduction reaction is reduced, and the metal-air battery 21.
- the discharge voltage can be increased.
- Oxygen ions generated at the positive electrode 22 are combined with metal ions dissolved in the electrolyte layer 24 from the negative electrode 23, whereby a metal oxide is generated.
- the positive electrode of a normal metal-air battery is mainly composed of carbon for obtaining conductivity, and a positive electrode catalyst for promoting a reduction reaction of oxygen is added to the carbon.
- a metal-air battery metal ions generated during discharge are deposited on the positive electrode as metal carbonate, and a large amount of energy is required to electrolyze and ionize the metal carbonate during charging. Therefore, the charging voltage becomes high.
- the positive electrode 22 containing no carbon is realized by forming the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 on the positive electrode conductive layer 222 formed of a perovskite oxide. be able to. Thereby, it can prevent that metal carbonate is produced
- the perovskite oxide contained in the positive electrode conductive layer 222 is represented by the chemical formula A 1-x BO 3 (0.9 ⁇ 1-x ⁇ 1.0), the positive electrode conductive layer 222 It is possible to prevent deterioration due to moisture and improve the durability of the metal-air battery 21.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 222 of the positive electrode 22 is a thin conductive film supported (supported) by the positive electrode support portion 221, the amount of the relatively expensive perovskite oxide can be reduced. . As a result, the manufacturing cost of the metal-air battery 21 can be reduced.
- a liquid repellent layer 229 having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 24 is provided on the opposite side of the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 from the electrolyte layer 24.
- the electrolytic solution permeates (passes) the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 and the positive electrode conductive layer 222, the electrolytic solution leaks inside the positive electrode support portion 221 (that is, in the vicinity of the air introduction tube 25). Can be prevented.
- the liquid repellent layer 229 is a porous member, leakage of the electrolyte solution (leakage) can be prevented while allowing air to be supplied to the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223.
- the metal-air battery 21 has a cylindrical shape in which the negative electrode 23 and the positive electrode 22 are arranged on the outer periphery and the inner periphery, respectively.
- Thin film layers such as the conductive layer 232 and the positive electrode conductive layer 222 can be easily formed. That is, it is possible to easily cope with the increase in size of the metal-air battery 21.
- the negative electrode 23, the positive electrode 22, the electrolyte layer 24, and the liquid repellent layer 229 are concentric bottomed cylindrical shapes, leakage of the electrolytic solution can be prevented on both the side surface and the bottom surface of the positive electrode 22.
- the air from which carbon dioxide has been removed is supplied to the positive electrode 22 by the air introduction tube 25, thereby preventing the carbon dioxide and metal ions in the air from reacting and attaching the metal carbonate to the positive electrode 22. Is done.
- inorganic fine particles may be added to the aqueous electrolyte solution of the electrolyte layer 24.
- inorganic fine particles inorganic oxides such as alumina, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zeolite, and perovskite oxide are preferable, and the Si ratio is particularly high (for example, Si / Al is 2 or more). Zeolite particles are preferred.
- the electrolytic solution of the electrolyte layer 24 contains inorganic fine particles, the internal resistance of the metal-air battery 21 is reduced, the battery capacity is increased, and leakage from the metal-air battery 21 is prevented.
- the electrolyte solution contained in the electrolyte layer contains inorganic fine particles, so that the same effect as described above (that is, an increase in battery capacity and leakage). Liquid prevention) can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the metal-air battery 21, and corresponds to FIG.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 222 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode support portion 221, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 a is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a has a fractal structure.
- the catalyst here, manganese dioxide
- the catalyst layer 223a has water repellency.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a is formed by, for example, a hydrothermal synthesis method.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a (the catalyst) disposed between the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the electrolyte layer 24 has a fractal structure.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a also serves as a liquid repellent layer and the movement of the electrolytic solution to the inside (positive electrode conductive layer 222 side) is blocked.
- the structure of the metal-air battery 21 is simplified and the electrolytic solution is Infiltration through 22a is prevented.
- the interface between the electrolytic solution and air is more reliably formed, so that the oxygen reduction reaction can be further promoted.
- a positive electrode current collector 224 is provided on a part of the outer surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222 (that is, a portion where the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a is not formed), but the positive electrode current collector 224 is formed densely.
- the electrolytic solution does not penetrate the positive electrode current collector 224. That is, since the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a covers the entire outer surface and outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222 together with the liquid-impervious member, leakage of the electrolyte is prevented.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a may be formed on the entire outer surface and outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222, and the positive electrode current collector 224 may be provided on the upper side or the inner side of the positive electrode conductive layer 222.
- the catalyst in the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a may be formed in a number of island shapes or porous shapes on the outer and outer bottom surfaces of the positive electrode conductive layer 222.
- the water repellent material is coated on the catalyst of the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a, and the surface of the water repellent material is shaved until the catalyst is exposed.
- the periphery of a large number of island-shaped catalysts (for example, on the order of micrometers) or the pores of the porous catalyst are filled with the water-repellent material, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a has the water-repellent property. .
- water repellent materials include fluororesins such as Teflon (registered trademark), ceramic materials, saturated fluoroalkyl groups (particularly trifluoromethyl groups (CF 3 ⁇ )), alkylsilyl groups, fluorosilyl groups, A substance having a functional group such as a long-chain alkyl group is used.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a disposed between the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the electrolyte layer 24, when the catalyst is formed in a number of islands or porous shapes, the liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte is reduced. The material it has is applied between the catalysts. As a result, the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a also serves as a liquid repellent layer and the movement of the electrolytic solution to the inside is blocked. As a result, the electrolytic solution penetrates the positive electrode 22a and leaks while simplifying the structure of the metal-air battery 21. It is prevented.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a (including those having a fractal structure) may be employed in seventh to tenth embodiments described later.
- FIGS. 13 to 15 are a longitudinal sectional view and a transverse sectional view of the metal-air battery 21a according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 12 shows the metal-air battery 21a at the position of XII-XII in FIG. It is the figure which cut
- 11 and 12 the illustration of the removing unit 253 is omitted for the sake of simplicity (the same applies to FIGS. 13 to 15).
- another electrolyte layer 26 is disposed between the electrolyte layer 24 and the negative electrode 23, and a partition layer 27 is disposed between the electrolyte layer 24 and the electrolyte layer 26.
- the partition layer 27 is a thin-film solid electrolyte, and selectively allows only metal ions to pass through.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the metal-air battery 21 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding configurations in the following description.
- the electrolyte layer 24 and the electrolyte layer 26 are referred to as a “first electrolyte layer 24” and a “second electrolyte layer 26”, respectively.
- the second electrolyte layer 26 has a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape centered on the central axis J ⁇ b> 1 and is in contact with the negative electrode 23.
- the partition layer 27 also has a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape and is in contact with the first electrolyte layer 24 and the second electrolyte layer 26.
- the second electrolyte layer 26 is formed by filling (arranging) a non-aqueous (for example, organic solvent-based) or aqueous electrolyte between the negative electrode 23 and the partition wall layer 27. Similar to the top surface of the first electrolyte layer 24, the top surface of the second electrolyte layer 26 is closed by a substantially annular inner lid 251 (shown only in FIG. 11).
- the second electrolyte layer 26 is a porous polymer impregnated with the electrolytic solution, and the partition wall layer 27, which is a thin-film solid electrolyte, is formed on the inner surface and the inner bottom surface of the second electrolyte layer 26. Above (supported) by the second electrolyte layer 26. That is, the second electrolyte layer 26 is also a partition support layer that supports the partition layer 27.
- glass ceramics (LTAP) represented by the chemical formula Li 1 + x + y Ti 2 -xAl x P 3 -y Si y O 12 is used.
- the metal contained in the negative electrode conductive layer 232 of the negative electrode 23 is oxidized to generate metal ions, and the electrons are collected in the negative current collector terminal 233, the positive current collector terminal 225, and the positive current collector. It is supplied to the positive electrode 22 through the electric body 224.
- the negative current collector terminal 233 and the positive current collector terminal 225 are illustrated only in FIG.
- oxygen in the air supplied from the air introduction tube 25 is reduced by electrons supplied from the negative electrode 23 to generate oxygen ions, and the oxygen ions react with water contained in the first electrolyte layer 24.
- hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ) are generated.
- the hydroxide ions become metal hydroxide together with the metal ions dissolved from the negative electrode 23 into the second electrolyte layer 26 and moved to the first electrolyte layer 24. Since the metal hydroxide is water-soluble, it dissolves in the aqueous electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 24.
- the positive electrode 22 since the positive electrode 22 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent metal carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 22 during discharge.
- the charging voltage of the battery 21a can be lowered.
- the partition layer 27 between the positive electrode 22 and the negative electrode 23 when metal is deposited in a dendritic shape on the negative electrode 23 during charging, a portion (in a dendritic shape) ( The growth of so-called dendrites toward the positive electrode 22 can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the dendrite from reaching the positive electrode 22 and causing a short circuit.
- the thin partition wall layer 27 can be easily installed, and as a result, the metal-air battery 21a can be downsized. Furthermore, since the partition layer 27 is thin, the ionic conductivity is increased as compared with the case where the partition layer 27 is thickened.
- the porous liquid repellent layer 229 having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 24 is connected to the positive electrode support portion 221 of the positive electrode 22 in contact with the first electrolyte layer 24 and the positive electrode conductivity. Provided between the layer 222. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte contained in the first electrolyte layer 24 from leaking while enabling air to be supplied to the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery 21b according to the eighth embodiment.
- a partition wall layer 27a as a separator is provided instead of the partition wall layer 27 (solid electrolyte) of the metal-air battery 21a shown in FIGS.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the metal-air battery 21a shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding configurations.
- the partition wall layer 27a is a porous member formed of ceramic, metal, inorganic material, organic material, or the like, and holds an electrolyte that selectively allows metal ions to pass through in the pores.
- the partition wall layer 27a is formed by extrusion molding, CIP and baking, HIP, or the like. Reactions in discharging and charging in the metal-air battery 21b are the same as those in the metal-air battery 21a according to the seventh embodiment.
- the positive electrode 22 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent metal carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 22 during discharge.
- the charging voltage of the metal-air battery 21b can be lowered.
- the partition wall layer 27a between the positive electrode 22 and the negative electrode 23, as in the seventh embodiment the growth of dendrites on the negative electrode 23 during charging is suppressed and a short circuit occurs. Can be prevented.
- the positive electrode 22 with the liquid repellent layer 229 having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 24 leakage of the electrolyte solution can be prevented.
- the support by the second electrolyte layer 26 is not necessary for the installation of the partition wall layer 27a as a separator, the degree of freedom in selecting the material of the second electrolyte layer 26 is improved.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery 21c according to the ninth embodiment.
- the metal-air battery 21c has the same configuration as that of the metal-air battery 21a shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 except that a partition support layer 271 is provided between the first electrolyte layer 24 and the partition layer 27.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the corresponding components.
- the partition wall support layer 271 is a porous member formed by a method such as extrusion molding, CIP and firing, or HIP using ceramic, metal, inorganic material, or organic material, and the first electrolyte layer 24 is formed in the hole. Impregnated with aqueous electrolyte.
- the partition wall layer 27, which is a thin-film solid electrolyte, is supported (supported) by the partition wall support layer 271 on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the partition wall support layer 271. Reactions in discharging and charging in the metal-air battery 21c are the same as those in the metal-air battery 21a according to the seventh embodiment.
- the positive electrode 22 since the positive electrode 22 does not contain carbon, it is possible to prevent metal carbonate from being generated on the positive electrode 22 during discharge.
- the charging voltage of the metal-air battery 21c can be lowered.
- the partition layer 27 and the partition support layer 271 between the positive electrode 22 and the negative electrode 23, as in the seventh embodiment the growth of dendrites on the negative electrode 23 during charging is suppressed, and a short circuit occurs. Can be prevented.
- the positive electrode 22 with the liquid repellent layer 229 having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 24 leakage of the electrolyte solution can be prevented.
- the partition layer 27 is supported by the partition support layer 271, and it is not necessary to support the partition layer 27 by the second electrolyte layer 26. Therefore, the material selection of the second electrolyte layer 26 is not necessary. The degree of freedom is improved.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of a metal-air battery 21d according to the tenth embodiment.
- the second electrolyte layer 26 is connected to a circulation mechanism 281 that circulates the non-aqueous or aqueous electrolyte of the second electrolyte layer 26, and the first electrolyte layer 24 has the first electrolyte.
- the exchange mechanism for exchanging the aqueous electrolyte solution of the layer 24 it has the same configuration as the metal-air battery 21c shown in FIG. 14, and the same reference numerals are given to the corresponding configurations in the following description.
- a supply port 261 for supplying an electrolyte solution to the second electrolyte layer 26 and a discharge port 262 for discharging the electrolyte solution of the second electrolyte layer 26 are provided at the side of the metal-air battery 21 d. It is formed.
- the supply port 261 and the discharge port 262 are connected to the circulation mechanism 281 via the pipe line 263, and the electrolytic solution discharged from the discharge port 262 is supplied again from the supply port 261 to the second electrolyte layer 26 via the circulation mechanism 281. Is done. Thereby, the flow of the electrolytic solution is generated in the second electrolyte layer 26, and the generation and growth of dendrite during the charging of the metal-air battery 21d is suppressed.
- the circulation mechanism 281 is provided with a filter, and the metal is collected in the circulation mechanism 281 when a thin piece of metal is peeled off from the negative electrode conductive layer 232 during charging or the like.
- a supply port 241 for supplying an electrolytic solution to the first electrolyte layer 24 and a discharge port 242 for discharging the electrolytic solution of the first electrolyte layer 24 are formed.
- the supply port 241 is connected to the supply mechanism 2821 of the exchange mechanism, and a new electrolytic solution is supplied from the supply mechanism 2821 to the first electrolyte layer 24.
- the discharge port 242 is connected to a recovery mechanism 2822 of the exchange mechanism, and the electrolyte discharged from the first electrolyte layer 24 is recovered by the recovery mechanism 2822.
- the electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 24 is prevented from being saturated with the metal hydroxide, and the discharge time of the metal-air battery 21d can be increased.
- Metal metal forming the negative electrode conductive layer 232
- the metal may be reused as the negative electrode conductive layer 232 of the metal-air battery.
- the liquid-repellent layer 229 is provided between the positive electrode conductive layer 222 and the positive electrode support portion 221.
- the liquid repellent layer 229 may be provided on the inner side (center axis J1 side) of the positive electrode support portion 221.
- the negative electrode support portion 231 does not necessarily need to be formed of a conductive material.
- the negative electrode support portion 231 is formed of an insulator, the negative electrode current collector terminal 233 penetrates the negative electrode support portion 231.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 232 is electrically connected.
- the negative electrode support portion 231 is not necessarily provided, and the entire negative electrode 23 may be formed of zinc or a zinc alloy.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 232 may be formed of various materials including a metal that is oxidized during discharge to generate metal ions.
- the positive electrode current collector 224 may be omitted and the positive electrode current collector terminal 225 may be provided on the inner surface of the positive electrode support part 221.
- the positive electrode support portion 221 that supports the positive electrode conductive layer 222 may be omitted.
- the positive electrode current collecting terminal 225 is provided on the inner surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 222.
- a conductive layer is formed from a mixture of the material of the positive electrode support portion 221 and the material of the positive electrode conductive layer 222 (that is, a perovskite oxide), and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223 is formed on the conductive layer. And may be the positive electrode 22. Alternatively, the positive electrode 22 may be formed from a mixture of the positive electrode support portion 221, the positive electrode conductive layer 222, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 223. In any case, since the positive electrode 22 includes a perovskite oxide having conductivity and a catalyst that promotes an oxygen reduction reaction and does not include carbon, the negative electrode is discharged during discharge of a metal-air battery. It is possible to prevent the metal carbonate contained in 23 from being formed on the positive electrode 22.
- an aqueous electrolyte solution is used in the electrolyte layer 24 in contact with the positive electrode 22, and the liquid repellent layer 229 (or the positive electrode catalyst layer 223a also serving as the liquid repellent layer in the positive electrode 22a in FIG. 10) has water repellency. Even when a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is used, the electrolyte solution penetrates the positive electrode and leaks when the positive electrode is provided with a liquid-repellent layer having liquid repellency to the electrolyte solution. Is achieved.
- the structure of the metal-air battery described above may be applied to a metal-air battery having a shape other than a cylindrical shape (for example, a flat plate shape). Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the secondary battery was demonstrated, the structure of the above-mentioned metal air battery may be applied to a primary battery or a fuel cell.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a metal-air battery 31 according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal air battery 31 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and FIG. 16 shows a cross section including the central axis J1 of the metal air battery 31.
- 17 is a cross-sectional view of the metal-air battery 31 taken along the line XVII-XVII in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the metal-air battery 31 is a secondary battery including a positive electrode layer 32, a negative electrode layer 33, and an electrolyte layer 311.
- the metal-air battery 31 further includes an air introduction tube 35, another electrolyte layer 312, and an auxiliary electrode layer 34, and the air introduction tube 35, the positive electrode layer 32, and the electrolyte layer 311 from the central axis J1 toward the outside in the radial direction.
- the negative electrode layer 33, the electrolyte layer 312 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34 are arranged concentrically in order.
- the electrolyte layer 311 between the positive electrode layer 32 and the negative electrode layer 33 is referred to as a first electrolyte layer 311
- the electrolyte layer 312 between the negative electrode layer 33 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34 is referred to as a second electrolyte layer 312. Call.
- the positive electrode layer 32 is a substantially bottomed cylindrical porous member, each of which has a substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode conductive layer 322 and a positive electrode catalyst layer 323, and a liquid repellency (described in the present embodiment) with respect to an electrolyte described later. Then, a porous liquid repellent layer 321 having water repellency with respect to an aqueous electrolyte solution is provided. Specifically, in the metal-air battery 31, a substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode support portion 361 centering on the central axis J1 is provided, and the liquid repellent layer 321 is laminated on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode support portion 361. Is done.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 322 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the liquid repellent layer 321, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 is stacked on the outer surface and the outer bottom surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 322.
- a positive electrode current collector 324 is provided in place of the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 on a part of the outer surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 322, and the positive electrode current collector 324 is disposed at the upper end of the positive electrode current collector 324 as shown in FIG.
- An electric terminal 325 is connected.
- the positive electrode layer 32 that is, the liquid repellent layer 321, the positive electrode conductive layer 322, the positive electrode catalyst layer 323, and the positive electrode current collector 324) does not contain carbon (C).
- the positive electrode support portion 361 is formed in the same manner as the positive electrode support portions 121 and 221 described above, and the positive electrode conductive layer 322 is formed in the same manner as the positive electrode conductive layers 122 and 222 described above.
- the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 is formed in the same manner as the above positive electrode catalyst layers 123 and 223, and the liquid repellent layer 321 disposed between the positive electrode support portion 361 and the positive electrode conductive layer 322 is the same as the above liquid repellent layer 229. It is formed similarly.
- the negative electrode layer 33 includes a cylindrical negative electrode conductive layer 331 disposed outside the cylindrical positive electrode layer 32. As shown in FIG. 4, a negative electrode current collecting terminal 332 is provided.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 331 is a porous member formed of a metal such as zinc (Zn) or lithium (Li), or an alloy containing the metal. In this embodiment, the negative electrode conductive layer 331 is zinc or zinc. It is formed from an alloy.
- the auxiliary electrode layer 34 that is the third electrode for charging includes a cylindrical auxiliary conductive layer 342 disposed outside the cylindrical negative electrode layer 33.
- the auxiliary conductive layer 342 is a porous member formed of a conductive material such as metal (in this embodiment, stainless steel).
- the metal-air battery 31 is provided with an auxiliary electrode support portion 371 made of an insulating material.
- the auxiliary electrode support portion 371 includes a cylindrical upper support portion 3711 and a bottomed cylindrical lower support portion 3712, and the auxiliary conductive layer 342, the upper support portion 3711, and the lower support portion 3712 have the same diameter. .
- the upper end portion of the auxiliary conductive layer 342 is fixed to the upper support portion 3711 and the lower end portion is fixed to the lower support portion 3712.
- the auxiliary conductive layer 342 and the auxiliary electrode support portion 371 form a bottomed cylindrical container that accommodates the positive electrode layer 32, the negative electrode layer 33, the first electrolyte layer 311 and the second electrolyte layer 312. Is done.
- the up-down direction (center axis J1 direction) of FIG. 16 is not necessarily a gravity direction.
- the inner side surface 340 of the auxiliary conductive layer 342 is arranged at a uniform interval with respect to the outer side surface 330 of the negative electrode conductive layer 331 opposite to the positive electrode layer 32. That is, the distance (shortest distance) from each position on the inner side surface 340 of the auxiliary conductive layer 342 to the outer side surface 330 of the negative electrode conductive layer 331 is approximately equal over the entire inner side surface 340.
- An auxiliary electrode current collector terminal 343 is connected to the outer surface of the auxiliary conductive layer 342, and a liquid repellent layer 341 similar to the liquid repellent layer 321 is formed over the entire outer surface.
- the first electrolyte layer 311 is formed of a water-based electrolyte.
- the first electrolyte layer 311 is an electrolytic solution containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) (for example, an 8M-KOH aqueous solution in which 8 mol of KOH is dissolved per liter of water).
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the electrolyte solution is also called an electrolyte solution.
- the first electrolyte layer 311 is in contact with the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 of the positive electrode layer 32, the positive electrode current collector 324, and the negative electrode conductive layer 331 of the negative electrode layer 33. As shown in FIG.
- the upper surface of the first electrolyte layer 311 is closed by a substantially annular inner lid 351 that is in contact with the outer side surface of the positive electrode support portion 361 and the inner side surface of the auxiliary electrode support portion 371, and above the inner lid 351. Is provided with an upper lid 352 having the same shape as the inner lid 351, and the upper opening of the inner lid 351 is closed.
- the electrolytic solution included in the first electrolyte layer 311 may be another aqueous electrolytic solution or a non-aqueous (for example, organic solvent based) electrolytic solution.
- the second electrolyte layer 312 between the negative electrode layer 33 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34 has a porous member 3121 formed of ceramic, an inorganic material, an organic material, or the like.
- the porous member 3121 is extruded, CIP, and fired. Or by a method such as HIP.
- the second electrolyte layer 312 and the first electrolyte layer 311 communicate with each other through a gap between the lower end portion of the negative electrode conductive layer 331 and the lower support portion 3712, and the porous member 3121.
- the pores are impregnated with the aqueous electrolyte solution of the first electrolyte layer 311. That is, the second electrolyte layer 312 is also filled with the electrolytic solution.
- the air introduction tube 35 is arranged inside the substantially bottomed cylindrical positive electrode support portion 361, and the lower end of the air introduction tube 35 is located near the bottom portion of the positive electrode support portion 361.
- the upper end of the air introduction pipe 35 is connected to a removal unit 353 that removes moisture and carbon dioxide from the air.
- the removal unit 353 removes moisture and carbon dioxide in the air by membrane separation or adsorption.
- Air from the removal unit 353 (that is, air from which moisture and carbon dioxide have been removed) is guided to the vicinity of the bottom inside the positive electrode support unit 361 by the air introduction tube 35, and the positive electrode support unit 361 that is a porous member While being supplied to the positive electrode layer 32 through the side part, it rises along the inner surface of the positive electrode support part 361 and is discharged from the upper opening of the positive electrode support part 361 to the outside.
- the air introduction pipe 35 serves as a gas supply unit that supplies the air from the removal unit 353 to the positive electrode layer 32.
- the air supplied to the positive electrode layer 32 passes through the liquid repellent layer 321 and the positive electrode conductive layer 322 which are porous members, and is supplied to the positive electrode catalyst layer 323.
- an interface between air and an electrolytic solution is formed in the porous positive electrode catalyst layer 323.
- the diameter of the outer surface of the positive electrode layer 32 is 16 mm (millimeters)
- the diameter of the inner surface of the negative electrode layer 33 is 20 mm
- the outer surface 330 of the negative electrode layer 33 is 28 mm.
- the diameter of the inner surface 340 of the auxiliary electrode layer 34 is 28 mm.
- the interval between the positive electrode layer 32 and the negative electrode layer 33 (the thickness of the first electrolyte layer 311) and the interval between the negative electrode layer 33 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34 (the thickness of the second electrolyte layer 312) are 4 mm or less. (1 mm or more) is preferable.
- the negative electrode current collector terminal 332 and the positive electrode current collector terminal 325 are electrically connected via a load (for example, a lighting fixture or the like).
- a load for example, a lighting fixture or the like.
- the metal contained in the negative electrode conductive layer 331 is oxidized to generate metal ions (here, zinc ions (Zn 2+ )), and the electrons are the negative electrode current collector terminal 332, the positive electrode current collector terminal 325, and the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode layer 32 is supplied via the electric body 324.
- oxygen in the air supplied from the air introduction pipe 35 is reduced by electrons supplied from the negative electrode layer 33 to generate oxygen ions (O 2 ⁇ ).
- the generation of oxygen ions (that is, the oxygen reduction reaction) is promoted by the positive electrode catalyst contained in the positive electrode catalyst layer 323, so the overvoltage due to the energy consumed in the reduction reaction is reduced, and the metal-air battery
- the discharge voltage of 31 can be increased.
- Oxygen ions generated in the positive electrode layer 32 are combined with metal ions dissolved in the first electrolyte layer 311 from the negative electrode layer 33, thereby generating a metal oxide.
- a voltage is applied between the negative electrode current collector terminal 332 and the auxiliary electrode current collector terminal 343, that is, between the negative electrode layer 33 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34,
- the metal oxide is decomposed, and electrons are supplied from the oxygen ions to the auxiliary electrode current collecting terminal 343 to generate oxygen.
- metal ions are reduced by electrons supplied to the negative electrode current collecting terminal 332, and metal is deposited on the surface (outer surface 330) of the negative electrode conductive layer 331.
- the current density between the auxiliary electrode layer 34 and the negative electrode layer 33 during charging is, for example, 70 [mA / cm 2 ].
- the positive electrode layer of a normal metal-air battery is mainly composed of carbon for obtaining conductivity, and a positive electrode catalyst for promoting a reduction reaction of oxygen is added to the carbon.
- a metal-air battery metal ions generated at the time of discharge are deposited as a metal carbonate on the positive electrode layer, and the metal-air battery is deteriorated.
- the positive electrode layer 32 that does not contain carbon is realized by forming the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 on the positive electrode conductive layer 322 formed of the perovskite oxide. can do. Thereby, it can prevent that metal carbonate is produced
- the positive electrode conductive layer 322 contains a highly conductive lanthanum perovskite oxide, the discharge voltage of the metal-air battery 31 can be increased.
- the perovskite oxide contained in the positive electrode conductive layer 322 is represented by the chemical formula A 1-x BO 3 (0.9 ⁇ 1-x ⁇ 1.0), the positive electrode conductive layer 322 has It is possible to prevent deterioration due to moisture and improve the durability of the metal-air battery 31.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 322 of the positive electrode layer 32 is a thin conductive film supported (supported) by the positive electrode support portion 361, the amount of the relatively expensive perovskite oxide can be reduced. it can. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the metal-air battery 31 can be reduced.
- air from which carbon dioxide has been removed is supplied to the positive electrode layer 32 by the air introduction pipe 35, carbon dioxide in the air reacts with metal ions, and metal carbonate adheres to the positive electrode layer 32. Is prevented.
- FIG. A and FIG. B is a diagram showing a negative electrode layer and an auxiliary electrode layer in a metal-air battery of a comparative example, and corresponds to the negative electrode layer 33 and the auxiliary electrode layer 34 on the left side of the central axis J1 in FIG. FIG. A and FIG. In B, only the negative electrode layers 391a and 391b and the auxiliary electrode layers 392a and 392b are illustrated, and the direction of the electric field at the time of charging is indicated by an arrow denoted by reference numeral 390.
- FIG. As shown in A, when the vertical length of the auxiliary electrode layer 392a is made longer than that of the negative electrode layer 391a, the current density between the auxiliary electrode layer 392a increases at the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the negative electrode layer 391a. , Current concentration occurs. In this case, there is a possibility that the metal in the electrolytic solution is unevenly deposited on the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the negative electrode layer 391a, and the auxiliary electrode layer 392a and the negative electrode layer 391a are short-circuited.
- the vertical length of the auxiliary electrode layer 34 (auxiliary conductive layer 342) is shorter than that of the negative electrode layer 33 (negative electrode conductive layer 331).
- the area of the outer surface 330 of the negative electrode layer 33 disposed on the inner side is larger than the area of the inner surface 340 of the auxiliary electrode layer 34 disposed on the outer side.
- the inner surface 340 of the auxiliary electrode layer 34 and the outer surface 330 of the negative electrode layer 33 are respectively referred to as the auxiliary facing surface 340 and the negative electrode facing surface 330
- the negative electrode facing surface 330 is an edge portion of the auxiliary facing surface 340 (in FIG.
- the negative electrode layer 33 is a porous member, the metal is easily deposited in the active pores, and the metal is deposited on the negative electrode layer 33 in a dendritic manner (so-called dendrite generation) is suppressed. be able to.
- the auxiliary electrode layer 34 formed of stainless steel can suppress the generation of carbon dioxide when charging is performed using an electrode formed of carbon.
- the liquid repellent layer 321 having liquid repellency with respect to the electrolytic solution contained in the first electrolyte layer 311 is on the opposite side of the first electrolyte layer 311 with respect to the positive electrode conductive layer 322 and the positive electrode catalyst layer 323.
- the electrolytic solution leaks inside the positive electrode support portion 361 (that is, in the vicinity of the air introduction pipe 35). Can be prevented.
- the liquid repellent layer 321 is a porous member, leakage of the electrolytic solution (leakage) can be prevented while allowing air to be supplied to the positive electrode conductive layer 322 and the positive electrode catalyst layer 323.
- the liquid repellent layer 341 that is liquid-repellent with respect to the electrolytic solution and is a porous member is provided on the surface of the auxiliary conductive layer 342 opposite to the second electrolyte layer 312. It is possible to prevent the electrolyte from leaking outside the auxiliary electrode layer 34 while enabling the supply of air to the layer 342.
- inorganic fine particles may be added to the aqueous electrolyte solution of the first and second electrolyte layers 311, 312.
- inorganic fine particles inorganic oxides such as alumina, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zeolite, and perovskite oxide are preferable, and the Si ratio is particularly high (for example, Si / Al is 2 or more). Zeolite particles are preferred.
- the electrolytic solution of the first electrolyte layer 311 contains inorganic fine particles, the internal resistance of the metal-air battery 31 is reduced, the battery capacity is increased, and leakage from the metal-air battery 31 is prevented.
- a solid electrolyte may be used in the first and second electrolyte layers 311 and 312. Further, the liquid repellent layer only needs to be provided as necessary, and can be omitted, for example, when a solid electrolyte is used.
- the negative electrode conductive layer 331 of the negative electrode layer 33 may be formed of various materials including a metal that is oxidized during discharge to generate (release) metal ions.
- the positive electrode current collector 324 is omitted and the positive electrode current collector terminal 325 is provided on the inner side surface of the positive electrode support part 361. It's okay.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 322 has a certain thickness, the positive electrode support portion 361 that supports the positive electrode conductive layer 322 may be omitted. In this case, the positive electrode current collecting terminal 325 is provided on the inner surface of the positive electrode conductive layer 322.
- a conductive layer is formed from a mixture of the material of the positive electrode support portion 361 and the material of the positive electrode conductive layer 322 (that is, a perovskite oxide), and the positive electrode catalyst layer 323 is formed on the conductive layer.
- the positive electrode layer 32 may be formed. Further, the positive electrode layer 32 may be formed from a mixture of the positive electrode support portion 361, the positive electrode conductive layer 322, and the positive electrode catalyst layer 323.
- the positive electrode layer 32 includes a perovskite oxide having conductivity and a catalyst that promotes an oxygen reduction reaction and does not include carbon, the discharge of the metal-air battery is performed.
- the metal carbonate contained in the negative electrode layer 33 can be prevented from being formed on the positive electrode layer 32.
- the positive electrode conductive layer 322 may be formed of another conductive material.
- the structure of the metal-air battery described above may be applied to a flat metal-air battery, for example.
- the negative electrode facing surface and the auxiliary facing surface face each other, and the negative electrode facing surface spreads outward from the portion facing the edge portion of the auxiliary facing surface (that is, in the normal direction of both surfaces parallel to each other)
- the metal is locally deposited on the negative electrode layer at the time of charging by having a part extending from the part on the negative electrode facing surface that overlaps the edge part to the outside of the edge part along the direction perpendicular to the normal line) Is prevented.
- the metal-air battery capable of preventing a short circuit between the negative electrode layer and the auxiliary electrode layer can be realized in various shapes.
- the active and easy-to-dendrite edge portions can be reduced compared to the flat plate shape (that is, the edge portions are only at the upper and lower ends). It is possible to further suppress the generation of dendrite.
- Negative electrode layer 34 Auxiliary electrode layer 121, 221 Positive electrode support part 122, 222, 322 Positive electrode conductive layer 123, 223, 223 a, 323 Positive electrode catalyst layer 229 Liquid repellent layer 330 Negative electrode facing surface 340 Auxiliary facing surface 3301, 3302 (spread outward) 3401 Upper end 3402 Lower end
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Abstract
Description
12,22,22a 正極
13,23 負極
14,16,24,26,311,312 電解質層
17,17a 隔壁層
32 正極層
33 負極層
34 補助電極層
121,221 正極支持部
122,222,322 正極導電層
123,223,223a,323 正極触媒層
229 撥液層
330 負極対向面
340 補助対向面
3301,3302 (外側に広がる)部位
3401 上端部
3402 下端部
Claims (16)
- 金属空気電池であって、
金属を含むとともに放電の際に金属イオンを生成する負極と、
導電性を有するペロブスカイト型酸化物、および、酸素還元反応を促進する触媒を含むとともに炭素を含まず、放電の際に酸素イオンを生成する多孔質の正極と、
前記負極と前記正極との間に配置される電解質層と、
を備える。 - 請求項1に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記正極が、
支持部と、
前記支持部上に前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物にて形成された導電膜と、
前記導電膜上に前記触媒により形成された触媒層と、
を備える。 - 請求項1または2に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記電解質層と前記正極との間に配置されて前記正極に接するもう1つの電解質層と、
前記電解質層と前記もう1つの電解質層との間に配置されて前記電解質層および前記もう1つの電解質層に接する固体電解質またはセパレータである隔壁層と、
をさらに備える。 - 請求項3に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記隔壁層が膜状の固体電解質であり、
前記電解質層が、非水系の電解質溶液を含浸させた多孔質ポリマであり、前記隔壁層を支持する。 - 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池であって、
外周に前記負極が配置され、内周に前記正極が配置される円筒状である。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記電解質層が電解質溶液により形成されており、前記電解質溶液が無機微粒子を含む。 - 請求項1に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記正極に設けられ、前記電解質層に含まれる電解液に対する撥液性を有する撥液層をさらに備える。 - 請求項7に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記負極、前記正極、前記電解質層および前記撥液層が、同心の有底円筒状である。 - 請求項7または8に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記正極が、
支持部と、
前記支持部上に前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物にて形成された導電膜と、
前記導電膜上に前記触媒により形成された触媒層と、
を備える。 - 請求項9に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記撥液層が、前記導電膜および前記触媒層に対して前記電解質層とは反対側に設けられる多孔質部材である。 - 請求項9に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記触媒層がフラクタル構造を有し、前記導電膜と前記電解質層との間に配置されるとともに、前記撥液層を兼ねる。 - 請求項9に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記触媒層において前記触媒が多数の島状または多孔質状に形成され、前記触媒間に前記電解液に対する撥液性を有する材料が付与されており、
前記触媒層が前記導電膜と前記電解質層との間に配置されるとともに、前記撥液層を兼ねる。 - 金属空気電池であって、
金属を含むとともに放電の際に金属イオンを生成する負極層と、
導電性材料、および、酸素還元反応を促進する触媒を含み、放電の際に酸素イオンを生成する多孔質の正極層と、
前記負極層と前記正極層との間に配置される第1電解質層と、
前記負極層の前記正極層とは反対側の面に対向する面を有する補助電極層と、
前記負極層と前記補助電極層との間に配置され、前記第1電解質層と連通する第2電解質層と、
を備え、
前記負極層の前記面が、前記補助電極層の前記面のエッジ部に対向する部位から外側に広がる部位を有し、
充電の際に前記負極層と前記補助電極層との間にて電圧が付与されることにより前記負極層上に前記金属が析出する。 - 請求項13に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記正極層、前記負極層および前記補助電極層が筒状であり、前記正極層が前記負極層の内側に配置され、前記補助電極層が前記負極層の外側に配置される。 - 請求項13または14に記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記負極層が多孔質部材である。 - 請求項13ないし15のいずれかに記載の金属空気電池であって、
前記導電性材料がペロブスカイト型酸化物であり、前記正極層が炭素を含まない。
Priority Applications (4)
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CN2011800274665A CN102934280A (zh) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-06-01 | 金属空气电池 |
KR1020127031693A KR20130112697A (ko) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-06-01 | 금속공기전지 |
US13/700,253 US20130078535A1 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2011-06-01 | Metal-air battery |
US13/934,510 US20130295472A1 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2013-07-03 | Metal-air battery |
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JP2010128796A JP2011253789A (ja) | 2010-06-04 | 2010-06-04 | 金属空気電池 |
JP2010-128796 | 2010-06-04 | ||
JP2010249938A JP2012104273A (ja) | 2010-11-08 | 2010-11-08 | 金属空気電池 |
JP2010-249938 | 2010-11-08 | ||
JP2011071500A JP5773699B2 (ja) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | 金属空気電池 |
JP2011-071500 | 2011-03-29 |
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US13/934,510 Division US20130295472A1 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2013-07-03 | Metal-air battery |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20130112697A (ko) | 2013-10-14 |
CN102934280A (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
US20130295472A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
US20130078535A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
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