WO2011148413A1 - 冷凍空調装置 - Google Patents
冷凍空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011148413A1 WO2011148413A1 PCT/JP2010/003511 JP2010003511W WO2011148413A1 WO 2011148413 A1 WO2011148413 A1 WO 2011148413A1 JP 2010003511 W JP2010003511 W JP 2010003511W WO 2011148413 A1 WO2011148413 A1 WO 2011148413A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- frost
- drain pan
- heating device
- detection means
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/06—Removing frost
- F25D21/08—Removing frost by electric heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
- F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/02—Detecting the presence of frost or condensate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/14—Collecting or removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
- F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/01—Heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
- F25B2700/111—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary using an emitter and receiver, e.g. sensing by emitting light or other radiation and receiving reflection by a sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2321/00—Details or arrangements for defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F25D2321/14—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water
- F25D2321/141—Removal by evaporation
- F25D2321/1413—Removal by evaporation using heat from electric elements or using an electric field for enhancing removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2600/00—Control issues
- F25D2600/02—Timing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration air conditioner, and more particularly to a refrigeration air conditioner having a function of defrosting an evaporator and heating a drain pan.
- a refrigeration air conditioner has a refrigeration cycle provided with a compressor, a condenser, expansion means, and an evaporator, and the refrigeration cycle is filled with a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant and is sent to the condenser.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the condenser is liquefied by releasing heat into the air.
- the liquefied refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion means to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and is gasified by absorbing heat from ambient air in the evaporator and returned to the compressor.
- frost is generated on the surface of the evaporator fin with time.
- frost is generated, the cooling capacity is reduced due to a decrease in the air volume and an increase in thermal resistance. Therefore, a defrosting operation that periodically removes frost is required.
- a refrigeration air conditioner When the defrosting operation is performed, the frost adhering to the surface of the evaporator melts and drops, so that a refrigeration air conditioner is usually provided with a drain pan that receives so-called drain water such as dripped water.
- the drain water dripped on the drain pan is discharged from a drain port provided in the drain pan.
- the drain water may freeze and discharge becomes difficult, so a heater is attached to the drain pan to prevent freezing.
- a heat transfer member is provided so as to be in contact with both the evaporator and the drain pan, a temperature sensor is attached to the heat transfer member, and the temperature of the heat transfer member detected by the temperature sensor is determined for both the evaporator and the drain pan.
- a refrigeration apparatus that detects the frost state from the detected temperature and controls the defrosting operation of the evaporator and the ON / OFF of the drain pan heater (for example, see Patent Document 1). .
- the frost formation state of the evaporator is estimated indirectly using the temperature of the heat transfer member. For this reason, the determination accuracy of the frost formation state is not sufficient, and it is necessary to set the threshold temperature used for the determination of the completion of defrosting to a safe side, that is, a temperature at which frost formation can be surely eliminated. In this case, there are problems such as an increase in power consumption due to excessive heater energization and an increase in the internal temperature.
- the timing of the start of defrosting of the evaporator and the start of heating of the drain pan are made the same.
- the drain water starts dripping into the drain pan after the defrosting operation of the evaporator is started and the frost temperature rises to 0 ° C. or more and the frost starts to melt, and the drain pan heating start timing and the evaporator
- the defrosting start timing is not necessarily the same.
- the technique of Patent Document 1 is not sufficient. Is the actual situation.
- the defrosting operation is started periodically regardless of the frosting state. That is, even when the amount of frost formation is small and defrosting is unnecessary, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed when the defrost cycle is reached. Therefore, problems such as an increase in power consumption and quality deterioration of goods received due to a rise in the internal temperature occur.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and directly detects the frosting state of the evaporator, and on the basis of the detection result, ON / OFF of the drain pan heater and start / end of defrosting of the evaporator are performed.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a refrigeration air conditioner that can be implemented individually at each optimum timing.
- a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigeration cycle configured by connecting a compressor, a condenser, an expansion unit, and an evaporator to perform cooling operation, an evaporator heating apparatus that heats the evaporator, and a drain from the evaporator.
- a drain pan that receives and discharges water, a drain pan heating device that heats the drain pan, a light emitting element that irradiates light to the evaporator, and a light receiving element that receives the reflected light from the evaporator and outputs a voltage corresponding to the reflected light
- a control device for controlling ON / OFF of the evaporator heating device and the drain pan heating device, respectively, and the control device detects the frost formation of the evaporator from the output of the frost detection means. The state is determined, and the heating device for the evaporator and the heating device for the drain pan are individually controlled according to the determination result.
- the frosting state of the evaporator is directly detected by the frosting detection means, and the defrosting of the evaporator and the heating of the drain pan are individually performed at the optimum timing based on the detection result. Is possible.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is the schematic of the refrigeration air conditioner in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is an expansion schematic perspective view of the evaporator of FIG. It is the expansion schematic of the peripheral part containing the evaporator of FIG. It is a front view of the peripheral part containing the evaporator seen from the arrow A direction in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the electrical structure of the refrigerating air conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the quantity of the reflected light at the time of non-frost formation in the frost formation detection means of Embodiment 1 of this invention, and frost formation. It is the figure which showed the time change of the cooling capacity of Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between potential and time when the light receiving element of FIG. 3 is discharged. It is a figure which shows the change (it may be the relationship between a voltage and time) of light intensity when it changes from the state where frost has not adhered to the surface of the fin 5a to a frost formation state. It is a figure which shows the change (it may be the relationship of a voltage and time) of light intensity when a defrost operation is started from the state which the frost has adhered to the surface of the fin 5a, and changes to the state without frost. It is a flowchart which shows the driving
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining a defrosting operation start timing in the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 4. It is a figure which shows the change of the light intensity (voltage) P of the frosting detection means from the cooling operation start. It is explanatory drawing of each dimension in the calculation formula of P_limit. It is a figure which shows the example using an IH heater as a heating apparatus for drain pans. It is a figure which shows the example which used the discharge pipe as a heating apparatus for drain pans. It is a figure which shows the example which attached the frosting detection means so that a movement to a horizontal direction and a vertical direction was possible with respect to the evaporator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic perspective view of the evaporator of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a peripheral portion including the evaporator of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a peripheral portion including the evaporator viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG.
- the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 1 includes a compressor 2, a condenser 3, an expansion valve 4 as expansion means, an evaporator 5, a condenser fan 6 as a condenser blower, and an evaporator as an evaporator blower.
- a fan 7 is provided, and the evaporator 5 and the evaporator fan 7 are installed in a freezing / refrigerated warehouse 11.
- the evaporator 5 is composed of a fin tube heat exchanger and includes a plurality of fins 5a.
- the evaporator 5 is provided with an evaporator heater 21 serving as an evaporator heating device that performs defrosting of the evaporator 5, and frosting detection means 22 that detects the frosting state of the evaporator 5.
- a drain pan 23 that collects and discharges drain water from the evaporator 5 is provided below the evaporator 5, and a drain pan heater as a drain pan heating device that heats the drain pan 23 is provided on the bottom surface of the drain pan 23. 24 is provided.
- the frosting detection means 22 includes a light emitting element 22a composed of an inexpensive light emitting diode (LED) capable of emitting light having a wavelength in the infrared region, and a light receiving element composed of an inexpensive light emitting diode (LED). 22b.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- change current into light but structurally use junctions of P-type and N-type semiconductors, and are the same friends as photodiodes (solar cells).
- photodiodes solar cells.
- the light receiving element 22b including the LED according to the first embodiment is configured as a reverse bias circuit that converts light intensity into a time axis and evaluates the length of time to obtain an output.
- the manufacturing cost of the frost detection means 22 can be made very low and the size can be reduced.
- the detection sensitivity is less affected by the surrounding environment.
- the frost detection means 22 configured as described above irradiates the light of the light emitting element 22a toward the fin 5a, which is a frosting member, and receives the reflected light by the light receiving element 22b.
- the frost detection means 22 is connected to a control device 25 to be described later, and the control device 25 calculates the light intensity P from the output of the light receiving element 22b, and the frost formation state is determined based on the light intensity P. .
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 1 includes a control device 25 that controls the entire refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 1.
- the control device 25 includes a compressor 2, an expansion valve 4, a condenser fan 6, and an evaporator fan. 7.
- An input operation means 10, a frosting detection means 22, an evaporator heater 21, and a drain pan heater 24 capable of setting a power switch, temperature and the like are connected.
- the control device 25 controls the compressor 2, the expansion valve 4, the condenser fan 6, and the evaporator fan 7 based on a signal from the input operation means 10, and outputs light from the output of the light receiving element 22 b of the frosting detection means 22.
- the intensity P is calculated, a frost formation state is determined based on the light intensity P, and control according to a flowchart described later is performed.
- the control device 25 is specifically composed of a microcomputer or the like.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 2 becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant and is sent to the condenser 3.
- the refrigerant flowing into the condenser 3 is liquefied by releasing heat to the air introduced by the condenser fan 6.
- the liquefied refrigerant flows into the expansion valve 4.
- the liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion valve 4 to become a gas-liquid two-phase flow state, and sent to the evaporator 5.
- heat is absorbed from the air introduced by the evaporator fan 7 and gasified to perform a cooling operation.
- the gasified refrigerant is returned to the compressor 2. This cycle is repeated to cool the inside of the freezer / refrigerated warehouse 11.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a state in which the cooling capacity decreases due to frost forming on the evaporator.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the ratio of the cooling capacity to the initial cooling capacity. As apparent from FIG. 7, when frost adheres to the evaporator 5, the cooling capacity gradually decreases.
- the heater 21 for the evaporator is provided, and the frost can be melted by the defrosting operation using the heat of the heater 21 for the evaporator. I have to. Further, at the time of defrosting, the drain pan 23 as a drain water receiving tray is heated by the drain pan heater 24 so that the drain water does not freeze again.
- the frost 40 adheres to the fin 5a of the evaporator 5 as shown in FIG. 6, the light emitted from the light emitting element 22a of the frost detection means 22 is reflected and absorbed by the frost 40, and the reflected light is reflected. Light is received by the light receiving element 22b.
- the light receiving element 22b is charged with a reverse bias voltage applied in advance, and detects the amount of light reflected from the frost 40 by discharging with the received reflected light.
- the relationship between the potential of the light receiving element 22b when discharged and the time is as shown in FIG. (1) in FIG.
- the relationship between the light intensity P and the time t until the voltage Vt is reached can be expressed by the following equation, and the light intensity P can be obtained.
- a is a constant
- Q 0 is an initial charge amount of the light receiving element 22b
- V 0 is a potential at time 0.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in light intensity (may be a relationship between voltage and time) when changing from a state in which frost is not attached to the surface of the fin 5a to a frosting state.
- the amount of frost increases with time, the amount of scattered light increases, so the amount of light returning to the light receiving element 22b increases, and the light intensity (or voltage) gradually increases.
- P 0 is the intensity of the reflected light from the fins 5a of frost absence.
- the light intensity P gradually increases from the light intensity P 0 over time, and it is clear that there is a correlation between the light intensity P and the amount of frost formation. Therefore, it is possible to determine the amount of frost formation from the light intensity using this relationship.
- the relationship between the amount of frost formation and light intensity is acquired beforehand by experiment, and the amount of frost formation during operation is the limit amount of frost formation that can maintain the desired cooling capacity (this frost formation amount).
- the control for starting the defrosting operation is performed.
- the light intensity at the limit frost amount that can maintain the desired cooling capacity (this light intensity is hereinafter referred to as light intensity Ps) is obtained in advance, and the light intensity P during operation is the light intensity.
- Ps control for starting the defrosting operation may be performed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a change in light intensity (may be a relationship between voltage and time) when the defrosting operation is started from a state where frost is attached to the surface of the fin 5a and the state is changed to a state where there is no frost. is there.
- the temperature of the frost gradually rises, and when it rises to 0 ° C., the frost starts to melt.
- the start of the defrosting operation is delayed and the cooling operation is continued in a state where the desired cooling capacity cannot be obtained, there is a possibility that the freezing / refrigeration warehouse 11 will be insufficiently cooled.
- the end of the defrosting operation is delayed and the defrosting operation is performed more than necessary, not only the power consumption during the defrosting increases, but also the temperature of the freezer / refrigerated warehouse 11 is increased, and the predetermined temperature is determined from the increased internal temperature. Power consumption is required to cool down to the temperature, and waste occurs. Further, when the temperature in the freezer / refrigerated warehouse 11 rises, the quality of the goods stored in the freezer / refrigerated warehouse 11 deteriorates and is damaged.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a change in the light intensity P when the control according to the flowchart of FIG. 11 is performed, and is an explanatory diagram of the ON / OFF timing of each of the evaporator heater 21 and the drain pan heater 24.
- the control device 25 drives the compressor 2 and the like to start the cooling operation and outputs the light receiving element 22b of the frosting detection means 22
- the light intensity P (voltage) is calculated from Then, it is determined whether or not the calculated light intensity P is greater than or equal to a preset light intensity Ps (Von) (S-2).
- Ps preset light intensity
- the defrosting operation is started. That is, energization of the evaporator heater 21 is started in order to defrost the evaporator 5 (S-3).
- the control device 25 determines whether or not the light intensity P (voltage) calculated based on the output of the frost detection means 22 is equal to or lower than a preset Pds (Vdon) (S-4). When the light intensity P (voltage) becomes equal to or less than Pds (Vdon ⁇ ), it is determined that the frost in the evaporator 5 has started to melt, and energization of the drain pan heater 24 is started (S-5).
- the light intensity Pds a change in the light intensity P when the defrosting operation is started from the state of the light intensity Ps is measured in advance by experiment, and the light intensity P starts to rapidly decrease from the measurement result. The light intensity at that time may be set as the light intensity Pds.
- the time ta in FIG. 12 corresponds to the time from the start of the defrosting operation until the frost of the evaporator 5 starts to melt.
- the control device 25 determines whether or not the light intensity P (voltage) calculated based on the output of the frost detection means 22 is equal to or less than P 0 (S-6). If it is determined that the calculated light intensity P is equal to or lower than P 0 , it is determined that frost or dew has disappeared in the evaporator 5 and the energization of the evaporator heater 21 is stopped (S-7). Finish defrosting.
- the time tb in FIG. 12 corresponds to the time from the start of the defrosting operation until the evaporator 5 is free from frost and dew.
- the control device 25 determines whether or not a preset draining time ⁇ tw has elapsed since the energization of the evaporator heater 21 was stopped (S-8).
- a preset draining time ⁇ tw elapsed since the energization of the evaporator heater 21 was stopped.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the energization time of the evaporator heater 21 and the drain pan heater 24, where (a) shows the evaporator heater 21 and (b) shows the drain pan heater 24.
- FIG. 13 the solid line indicates the energization time according to the first embodiment, and the dotted line indicates the energization time based on the defrosting end determination using the conventional temperature sensor.
- the control according to the first embodiment is performed. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the energization time of the evaporator heater 21 is shortened by (td ⁇ tb) seconds, and the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by (ta + (td ⁇ tc)) seconds.
- the time ta when the frost begins to thaw is about 350 seconds
- the time tb when the evaporator 5 is free of frost is about 1100 seconds
- the time tc when the drainage ends is about 1600 seconds.
- the defrosting time td is about 1800 seconds in normal control
- the energization time of the evaporator heater is shortened by 700 seconds (39%)
- the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by about 550 seconds (31%). Become. By shortening the heater energization time in this way, it is possible to reduce the amount of power consumption and suppress the rise in the internal temperature.
- the frost formation state of the fin 5a which is a frost formation member in the evaporator 5 is directly detected by the frost detection means 22, From the detection result, Since the progress of defrosting can be grasped in detail, the optimum timing can be determined for each of the start and end of defrosting of the evaporator 5 and the start and end of heating of the drain pan 23. Since the evaporator heater 21 and the drain pan heater 24 are individually controlled in accordance with the determined timing, the defrosting of the evaporator 5 and the heating of the drain pan 23 can be minimized, which is useless. It is possible to improve energy savings by reducing power consumption and to suppress the rise in the internal temperature.
- the evaporator heater 21 is turned on at a timing when the frosting state of the evaporator 5 reaches a limit frosting state in which a desired cooling capacity can be maintained, defrosting is started at a necessary timing. be able to.
- the heater 21 for the evaporator is turned on and the heater for the drain pan 24 is not turned on, compared to the conventional method in which the heater 21 for the evaporator and the heater 24 for the drain pan are simultaneously turned on, Energy saving can be achieved.
- the frost detection means 22 From the detection result of the frost detection means 22, it is possible to accurately determine the timing at which the frost starts to melt and the drain water begins to drip onto the drain pan 23, and this timing is the ON timing of the drain pan heater 24. It becomes possible to start the heating of the drain pan 23 at a substantially necessary timing.
- the drain pan heater 24 is turned off after the draining time determined in advance by an experiment after the evaporator heater 21 is turned off, the heating of the drain pan 23 can be completed at a necessary and adequate timing. .
- Embodiment 2 is an embodiment that assumes such a case.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an operation operation based on the output of the frost detection means 22 in the refrigeration air conditioner of the second embodiment.
- a schematic diagram, a block configuration diagram, and the like of the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 1 of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the operation of the second embodiment different from that of the first embodiment will be mainly described.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a change in light intensity (which may be a relationship between voltage and time) when the defrosting operation is started from a state where frost is attached to the surface of the fin 5a and the state is changed to a state where there is no frost.
- the solid line indicates the initial time
- the dotted line indicates the aging deterioration.
- the amount of light received by the light receiving element 22b is lower than the initial time due to the influence of dirt on the light receiving surface of the light receiving element 22b of the frost detection means 22, and the light intensity is reduced. P decreases.
- the behavior of the change of the light intensity P itself is substantially the same. That is, even if the absolute value of the light intensity (voltage) with respect to the frosting state is different due to aging, the change in the light intensity (voltage) from the start of defrosting to the time ta when the frost of the evaporator 5 starts to melt.
- the gradient in other words, the gradient of light intensity (voltage) is substantially the same.
- the slope of the light intensity (voltage) when the light intensity (voltage) starts to drop sharply is substantially the same at the initial stage and at the time of aging deterioration.
- the second embodiment utilizes this point, and determines the frosting state based on the gradient of the light intensity (voltage), and performs the defrosting control of the evaporator 5 and the heating control of the drain pan 23. .
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a change in the absolute value of the gradient of the light intensity when the control according to the flowchart of FIG. 14 is performed. The timing of ON / OFF of each of the evaporator heater 21 and the drain pan heater 24 is explained.
- the control device 25 determines whether or not the cooling time has passed a preset time tr (S-12).
- This time tr is set as a limit time during which the desired cooling capacity can be maintained (corresponding to a limit time when the desired cooling capacity cannot be obtained when this time is exceeded). And when it determines with tr having passed, the defrost operation is started. That is, energization of the evaporator heater 21 is started to defrost the evaporator 5 (S-13).
- the control device 25 sequentially determines the light intensity (voltage) gradient (time) from the current output of the light receiving element 22b of the frost detection means 22 and several past output data.
- the absolute value AD of how the light intensity changes with time) is calculated.
- a first inclination threshold value set in advance in this example, for example, several times (for example, 1.5 times) the absolute value ADs of the initial inclination of operation). Value) or more (S-14)
- S-15 energization of the drain pan heater 24 is started
- the control device 25 continues for several minutes (for example, 3 minutes) continuously (S-16). Then, it is determined that the evaporator 5 is free from frost and dew and the light intensity (voltage) is stable, the energization of the evaporator heater 21 is stopped (S-17), and the defrosting of the evaporator 5 is terminated. This time corresponds to tb described above.
- a second inclination threshold value for example, 0.001
- the control device 25 continues for several minutes (for example, 3 minutes) continuously (S-16). Then, it is determined that the evaporator 5 is free from frost and dew and the light intensity (voltage) is stable, the energization of the evaporator heater 21 is stopped (S-17), and the defrosting of the evaporator 5 is terminated. This time corresponds to tb described above.
- the past 20 data or the past 10 data may be used.
- the first inclination threshold and the second inclination threshold may be set based on the measurement
- the control device 25 determines whether or not a preset draining time tw has elapsed since the energization of the evaporator heater 21 was stopped (S-18).
- a preset draining time tw has elapsed since the energization of the evaporator heater 21 was stopped (S-18).
- the draining time ⁇ tw elapses, the energization of the drain pan heater 24 is stopped (S-19), the defrosting operation is terminated, and the cooling operation is resumed. Let this time be tc.
- the second embodiment is the first embodiment.
- the energization time of the evaporator heater 21 is shortened by (td-tb) seconds
- the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by (ta + (td-tc)) seconds.
- the time ta at which the frost begins to thaw is about 350 seconds
- the time tb at which the frost disappears in the evaporator 5 is about 1100 seconds
- the time tc when draining is completed is about 1600 seconds.
- the defrosting time td is about 1800 seconds in normal control
- the energization time of the evaporator heater is shortened by 700 seconds (39%)
- the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by about 550 seconds (31%).
- the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the determination of the frost state using the absolute value of the light intensity (voltage) of the frost detection means 22 can be used.
- the determination using the inclination of the light intensity (voltage) is performed, so that stable control can always be performed by eliminating the influence of aging degradation.
- the ON timing of the evaporator heater 21 is determined by the time tr from the start of the cooling operation, but this timing is based on the detection result of the frost detection means 22 as in the first embodiment. It may be determined. That is, the defrosting operation and the heating control of the drain pan 23 may be performed by appropriately combining the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the OFF timing of the drain pan heater 24 is determined based on a preset draining time.
- the draining time is set as a sufficient time for completing draining reliably.
- the draining time since the draining time is actually correlated with the amount of frost formation, it may be variable according to the amount of frost formation during operation. That is, the draining time needs to be set longer if the amount of frost formation is large, but can be set shorter if the amount of frost formation is small.
- the evaporator heater 21 since the evaporator heater 21 is turned on after the time tr has elapsed since the start of the cooling operation, the amount of frost formed when the evaporator heater 21 is ON differs depending on the use environment.
- This difference in the amount of frost appears as a difference in time ta from the start of the defrosting operation until the frost starts to melt. Accordingly, the relationship between the time ta and the amount of frost formation is obtained in advance, and the relationship between the amount of frost formation and the draining time is also obtained in advance until the frost starts to melt after starting the defrosting operation during actual operation.
- the time ta may be obtained, the amount of frost formation is estimated from the time ta, and the draining time may be estimated and set from the estimated amount of frost formation.
- the frost detection means 22 may be installed toward a drain pan as shown in FIG. 17, and the presence or absence of drain may be determined, and the OFF timing of the drain pan heater 24 may be determined. .
- the stop timing of the evaporator heater 21 is determined based on the absolute value of the light intensity (voltage) or the absolute value of the inclination by the frost detection means 22.
- the stop timing of the evaporator heater 21 is determined based on the drain pan temperature.
- FIG. 19 is a front view of a peripheral portion including an evaporator of the refrigeration air conditioner according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the operation of the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3.
- the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus of the third embodiment is provided with a drain pan temperature detecting means 26 for detecting the temperature of the drain pan 23 in addition to the configurations of the first and second embodiments, and the other configurations are the first and second embodiments. It is the same. Note that the modification applied to the same components as those in the first and second embodiments is similarly applied to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the change over time of the drain pan temperature detected by the drain pan temperature detecting means of FIG.
- the change of the light intensity P detected by the frost detection means 22 is the same as that of FIG.
- the detection value of the drain pan temperature detecting means 26 rises with the start of the defrosting operation (evaporator heater ON), and further rises after reaching the drain pan heater 24 to reach MAX. Then, the frost of the evaporator 5 melts and flows down to the drain pan 23, and at the same time, the detected value starts to decrease. As the defrosting progresses, the detection value of the drain pan temperature detecting means 26 decreases.
- the detection value of the drain pan temperature detecting means 26 starts to rise again. Since the detection value of the drain pan temperature detection means 26 has such a change characteristic, the timing tb at which the detection value of the drain pan temperature detection means 26 starts to rise again after the decrease of the detection value of the drain pan temperature detection means 26 may be set as the stop timing of the evaporator heater 21. .
- Steps S-11 to S-15 are the same as in the second embodiment.
- the control device 25 detects the minimum value from the time series data of the temperature detected by the drain pan temperature detecting means 26 (the temperature rises from the reduced state).
- the timing tb is detected by detecting the timing of transition to the state (S-16A).
- the controller 25 stops energization of the evaporator heater 21 (S-17).
- the subsequent operation is the same as in the second embodiment.
- the defrosting time of the control in which the heater 21 for the evaporator and the heater 24 for the drain pan are simultaneously energized and stopped simultaneously in the defrosting end determination using the conventional temperature sensor is shown in FIG.
- the energization time of the evaporator heater 21 is shortened by (td ⁇ tb) seconds
- the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by (ta + (td ⁇ tc)) seconds.
- the time ta when the frost begins to thaw is about 350 seconds
- the time tb when the evaporator is free of frost is about 1100.
- the time tc when draining ends is about 1600 seconds.
- the defrosting time td is about 1800 seconds in normal control
- the energization time of the evaporator heater is shortened by 700 seconds (39%)
- the energization time of the drain pan heater 24 is shortened by about 550 seconds (31%). Become. By shortening the heater energization time in this way, it is possible to reduce the amount of power consumption and suppress the rise in the internal temperature.
- the amount of frost formation from the time te until the detected value becomes the minimum value (MIN in FIG. 21) from the MAX value. Can be estimated. Therefore, the amount of frost formation may be estimated from the time te, and the draining time may be set from the estimated amount of frost formation.
- Embodiment 4 proposes a defrosting start timing determination method different from those of the first, second, and third embodiments.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the start timing of a conventional normal defrosting operation.
- the defrosting cycle from the start of the defrosting operation to the start of the next defrosting operation is set, and the defrosting operation is performed regardless of the frosting condition.
- the defrosting operation is started periodically at a cycle. That is, even when the amount of frost formation is small and defrosting is unnecessary, the defrosting operation is forcibly performed at the defrost start timing of the defrost cycle. Therefore, problems such as an increase in power consumption and quality deterioration of goods received due to a rise in the internal temperature occur.
- the frost detection means 22 detects the frost state and determines whether or not the defrost operation is necessary. Start defrosting operation. The determination of the necessity of the defrosting operation uses the frosting speed obtained from the operation time from the start of the cooling operation to the present time and the frost layer thickness detected from the frosting detection means 22. Details of the determination method will be described later.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing a method of determining the defrosting operation start timing in the refrigeration air conditioner of Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a change in the light intensity (voltage) P of the frost detection means from the start of the cooling operation.
- a schematic diagram, a block configuration diagram, and the like of the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 1 of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the configuration of the third embodiment provided with the drain pan temperature detecting means 26 may be the same. Modifications applied to the same components as in the first, second, and third embodiments are similarly applied to the fourth embodiment.
- the control device 25 determines whether or not the cooling time has passed a preset time (defrost cycle) ts (S-22). If it is determined that ts has elapsed, the timer for counting the defrost cycle is reset (S-23). Next, the current light intensity (voltage) Pn of the frost detection means 22 is compared with a preset threshold value P_th described later (S-24). If Pn is equal to or greater than P_th, a defrosting operation is required. Immediately after the determination, the defrosting operation is started (S-27). On the other hand, when Pn is smaller than P_th, the following processing is performed prior to starting the defrosting operation.
- the frost formation speed Mf_speed obtained by the following equation is calculated ( S-25).
- the predicted light intensity (voltage) Pf of the frosting detection means 22 in the next defrosting cycle is obtained by the following equation (S-26).
- the predicted light intensity Pf is smaller than the threshold value P_th (S-27).
- the predicted light intensity Pf is smaller than the threshold value P_th, that is, when defrosting is started in the next defrost cycle, frost detection is performed.
- the defrosting operation is canceled and the cooling operation is continued. Since the cooling time is reset in S-23, the cooling time is newly counted again from here.
- the defrosting operation is still not performed at this time. This corresponds to canceling the defrosting operation by determining that it is unnecessary.
- the energization of the evaporator heater 21 is started (defrost operation is started) (S-28).
- the operation after the start of the defrosting operation is not particularly limited in the fourth embodiment, and the operations of the first, second, and third embodiments can be appropriately employed.
- the threshold value P_th is, for example, the light intensity (voltage) P_limit of the frosting detection means 22 at the limit frost layer thickness that can obtain the cooling capacity capable of maintaining the inside of the freezer / refrigerated warehouse 11 at the set temperature, It is determined by the following formula using the safety factor ⁇ %.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of each dimension of the following formula, and shows a state in which frost 40 adheres to the fin 5 a of the evaporator 5.
- Pmax Light intensity (voltage) of the frost detection means 22 when the fins 5a are completely closed
- P 0 Light intensity (voltage) without frost formation
- ft_limit limit frost layer thickness that can obtain cooling capacity capable of maintaining the inside of the refrigerated / refrigerated warehouse 11 at a set temperature
- FP fin pitch t_fin: fin plate thickness
- Ft_limit, FP, and t_fin are values determined according to the structure of the evaporator 5. For example, if the fin pitch of the unit cooler or the like is about 4 mm, ft_limit is about 1 mm of the frost layer thickness that closes about 50% between the fins 5a.
- the defrosting start timing is determined using the frosting speed Mf_speed that is the operation state data of the refrigeration air conditioner. It is possible to set the defrosting start timing according to.
- the frost layer thickness in the next defrost start timing is the limit frost layer which can obtain the cooling capacity which can maintain the inside of the freezing / refrigerated warehouse 11 at preset temperature.
- the defrosting operation is canceled and the cooling operation is continued. For this reason, useless electric power consumption is suppressed and energy-saving property improves.
- by canceling the defrosting operation at an unnecessary timing it is possible to suppress an increase in the internal temperature, and it is possible to suppress the quality deterioration of the goods received.
- the heater is used as the drain pan heating device.
- an IH heater may be used as shown in FIG.
- the heating efficiency increases, so that the heater energization time can be further shortened.
- a drain pan heating device for example, a discharge pipe that discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor 2 is used, and the discharge pipe passes through the vicinity of the drain pan 23 or the inside of the evaporator 5 as shown in FIG. It is good also as a structure which heats 23. If the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 2 is used as the heating source in this way, heat collection from the air can be used, so that power consumption can be reduced.
- the frost detection means 22 of Embodiment 1, 2, 3, 4 of this invention was fixed position, as shown in FIG. 28, it attaches to the evaporator 5 so that a movement in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction is possible. It is good also as a structure which can detect a frost formation state over the whole evaporator. The progress of frost formation is not uniform throughout the evaporator 5, and there are places where the progress of frost formation is fast and slow. The same can be said for the progress of defrosting. Therefore, when determining the ON timing of the evaporator heater 21 and the drain pan heater 24, the frosting detection means 22 detects the frosting state at a place where frosting progresses fast, and the evaporator heater 21 is determined. Alternatively, when the OFF timing of the drain pan heater 24 is determined, the determination may be made by causing the frost detection means 22 to detect the frost state at a location where defrosting is slow. This makes it possible to make a more accurate determination.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle of the present invention may be any refrigerant, natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and helium, refrigerants that do not contain chlorine, such as alternative refrigerants such as HFC410A and HFC407C, or existing products Any of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R22 and R134a used in the above may be used.
- the compressor 2 may be of any type such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, screw, etc., and may be a variable speed or a fixed speed.
- the refrigeration and air-conditioning apparatus may be configured by appropriately combining the characteristic configuration and processing of each embodiment.
- the third embodiment is characterized in that the stop timing of the evaporator heater 21 is determined based on the drain pan temperature. Therefore, the first embodiment and the third embodiment may be combined so that the determination at S-6 in FIG. 11 becomes the determination at S-16A in FIG.
- Refrigeration air conditioner 2 compressor, 3 condenser, 4 expansion valve, 5 evaporator, 5a fin, 6 condenser fan, 7 evaporator fan, 11 freezer / refrigerated warehouse, 21 heater for heater, 22 frost detection means 22a light emitting element, 22b light receiving element, 23 drain pan, 24 drain pan heater, 25 control device, 26 drain pan temperature detecting means, 40 frost.
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- Removal Of Water From Condensation And Defrosting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における冷凍空調装置の概略図である。図2は、図1の蒸発器の拡大概略斜視図である。図3は、図1の蒸発器を含む周辺部分の拡大概略図である。図4は、図2において矢印A方向から見た蒸発器を含む周辺部分の正面図である。
本発明の実施の形態1における冷凍空調装置1は圧縮機2、凝縮器3、膨張手段としての膨張弁4、蒸発器5、凝縮器用送風機としての凝縮器用ファン6及び蒸発器用送風機としての蒸発器用ファン7を備えており、蒸発器5及び蒸発器用ファン7は冷凍・冷蔵倉庫11の内部に設置されている。
図5に示すように、冷凍空調装置1は、冷凍空調装置1全体を制御する制御装置25を備えており、制御装置25に、圧縮機2、膨張弁4、凝縮器用ファン6、蒸発器用ファン7、電源スイッチや温度等の設定が可能な入力操作手段10、着霜検知手段22、蒸発器用ヒータ21及びドレンパン用ヒータ24が接続されている。制御装置25は、入力操作手段10からの信号に基づいて圧縮機2、膨張弁4、凝縮器用ファン6、蒸発器用ファン7を制御したり、着霜検知手段22の受光素子22bの出力から光強度Pを算出し、光強度Pに基づき着霜状態を判定したり、後述のフローチャートに従った制御を行う。制御装置25は具体的にはマイコン等で構成される。
図7から明かなように、蒸発器5に霜が付着すると、次第に冷却能力が低下する。
時間が経過して着霜量が増えると、散乱光が増えるため、受光素子22bへ返ってくる光の量が増え、光強度(電圧でもよい)が次第に増加する。なお、P0 は霜が無い状態のフィン5aからの反射光の光強度である。図9に示すように、時間経過とともに光強度Pが光強度P0 から次第に増加しており、光強度Pと着霜量との間には相関関係があることが明らかである。従って、この関係を利用して光強度から着霜量を判断することが可能である。このため、本例では、予め実験により着霜量と光強度との関係を取得しておき、運転中の着霜量が、所望の冷却能力を維持できる限界の着霜量(この着霜量以上になると所望の冷却能力が得られなくなる限界の着霜量に相当)に達したとき、除霜運転を開始する制御を行う。具体的には、所望の冷却能力を維持できる限界の着霜量のときの光強度(この光強度を以下では光強度Psとする)を予め求めておき、運転中の光強度Pが光強度Psに到達したとき、除霜運転を開始する制御を行えば良い。
図10は、フィン5aの表面に霜が付着している状態から除霜運転を開始し、霜が無い状態に変化するときの光強度の変化(電圧と時間の関係でもよい)を示す図である。
除霜を開始すると霜の温度が次第に上昇し、0℃まで上昇すると、霜が溶け始める。このとき霜の透明度が増すため、散乱光が減り、受光素子22bへ返ってくる光の量が減り、光強度(電圧でもよい)が急激に低下し始める(図10の点a)。その後、霜が取り除かれるに従い、光強度(電圧)が低下し、蒸発器5表面に霜や露が完全に無くなると(図10の点b)、光強度(電圧)はP0(V0)で安定する。従って、予め実験により光強度Psの状態から除霜運転を開始した場合の光強度Pの変化を測定し、着霜状態に応じた光強度の変化を把握しておくことで、運転中の着霜検知手段22の検知結果から、現在の着霜状態がどのような状態にあるのかを判定することが可能となる。
制御装置25は、入力操作手段から冷却運転の開始が指示されると(S-1)、圧縮機2等を駆動して冷却運転を開始するとともに、着霜検知手段22の受光素子22bの出力から光強度P(電圧)を算出する。そして、算出した光強度Pが予め設定された光強度Ps(Von)以上か否かを判定する(S-2)。光強度PがPs(Von)以上になったと判定した場合、除霜運転を開始する。すなわち、蒸発器5の除霜を行うために、蒸発器用ヒータ21に通電を開始する(S-3)。
以上の実施の形態1では、着霜検知手段22の光強度(電圧)の絶対値を用いて着霜状態を判定するようにしていたが、着霜状態に対する光強度(電圧)の絶対値は経年劣化(光学面の汚れ等)により異なってくる。実施の形態2は、このような場合を想定した実施形態である。
図15に示すように、経年劣化時は、着霜検知手段22の受光素子22bの受光面の汚れ等の影響で、初期時に比べて受光素子22bで受光される受光量が低下し、光強度Pが低下する。このように初期時と経年劣化時とでは、光強度Pの絶対値は異なるものの、光強度Pの変化の挙動自体は略同じである。すなわち、経年変化により、着霜状態に対する光強度(電圧)の絶対値が異なっていたとしても、除霜開始から蒸発器5の霜が溶け始める時間taに至るまでの光強度(電圧)の変化勾配、言い換えれば、光強度(電圧)の傾きは略同じである。また、光強度(電圧)が急激に低下し始めたときの光強度(電圧)の傾きについても初期時と経年劣化時とでは略同じである。実施の形態2は、この点を利用したものであり、光強度(電圧)の傾きに基づき着霜状態を判定し、蒸発器5の除霜制御やドレンパン23の加熱制御を行うようにしている。
制御装置25は、冷却運転の開始が指示されると(S-11)、冷却時間が予め設定した時間trを経過したかどうか判定する(S-12)。この時間trは、所望の冷却能力が維持できる限界の時間(この時間以上になると所望の冷却能力が得られなくなる限界の時間に相当)として設定される。そして、tr経過したと判定した場合、除霜運転を開始する。すなわち、蒸発器5の除霜を行うために、蒸発器用ヒータ21に通電を開始する(S-13)。
以上の実施の形態1、2では、蒸発器用ヒータ21の停止タイミングを、着霜検知手段22による光強度(電圧)の絶対値又は傾きの絶対値に基づき判断していた。これに対し、実施の形態3ではドレンパン温度に基づき蒸発器用ヒータ21の停止タイミングを判定するようにしたものである。
実施の形態3の冷凍空調装置は、実施の形態1、2の構成に加え、更にドレンパン23の温度を検出するドレンパン温度検出手段26を備えたもので、その他の構成は実施の形態1、2と同様である。なお、実施の形態1、2と同様の構成部分について適用される変形例は、本実施の形態3についても同様に適用される。
ドレンパン温度検出手段26の検出値は、除霜運転の開始(蒸発器用ヒータON)とともに上昇し、ドレンパン用ヒータ24をON後、更に上昇してMAXに達する。そして、蒸発器5の霜が溶けてドレンパン23に流れ落ちてくると同時に検出値が低下し始める。除霜が進むに従ってドレンパン温度検出手段26の検出値が低下していく。蒸発器5の除霜が終了してドレンパン23への除霜水の供給が無くなると、ドレンパン温度検出手段26の検出値が再び上昇し始める。ドレンパン温度検出手段26の検出値はこのような変化特性となることから、ドレンパン温度検出手段26の検出値が減少した後、再び上昇し始めるタイミングtbを蒸発器用ヒータ21の停止タイミングとすればよい。
ステップS-11~S-15までは実施の形態2と同様である。実施の形態3では、ドレンパン用ヒータ24に通電(S-15)後、制御装置25は、ドレンパン温度検出手段26により検出された温度の時系列データから極小値を検知(温度が減少状態から上昇状態に移行するタイミングを検知)することにより上記タイミングtbの検知をする(S-16A)。制御装置25は、ドレンパン23の温度変化の極小値を検知すると、蒸発器用ヒータ21の通電を停止する(S-17)。その後の動作は実施の形態2と同様である。
実施の形態4は、実施の形態1、2、3とは別の除霜開始タイミングの判定方法を提案するものである。
通常、除霜運転は、図22に示すように、除霜運転を開始してから次の除霜運転を開始するまでの除霜周期が設定されており、着霜状況によらず、除霜周期で定期的に除霜運転が開始される。つまり、着霜量が少なく除霜が不必要な場合でも、除霜周期の除霜開始タイミングとなると強制的に除霜運転を行うようにしている。よって、消費電力の増大や庫内温度上昇による入庫品の品質劣化などの問題が発生する。
制御装置25は、入力操作手段から冷却運転の開始が指示されると(S-21)、冷却時間が予め設定した時間(除霜周期)tsを経過したかどうか判定する(S-22)。そして、ts経過したと判定した場合、除霜周期をカウントするタイマーをリセットする(S-23)。次いで、現在の着霜検知手段22の光強度(電圧)Pnと予め設定された後述の閾値P_thとを比較し(S-24)、PnがP_th以上の場合には、除霜運転が必要と判断して直ちに除霜運転を開始(S-27)する。一方、PnがP_thよりも小さい場合には、除霜運転を開始するに先だって、以下の処理を行う。
Pmax :フィン5a間が完全に閉塞したときの着霜検知手段22の光強度(電圧)
P0 :無着霜時の光強度(電圧)
ft_limit:冷凍・冷蔵倉庫11内を設定温度に維持可能な冷却能力を得られる限界の霜層厚さ
FP :フィンピッチ
t_fin:フィン板厚
Claims (20)
- 圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張手段及び蒸発器を接続して構成され冷房運転を行う冷凍サイクルと、
前記蒸発器を加熱する蒸発器用加熱装置と、
前記蒸発器からのドレン水を受けて排出するドレンパンと、
該ドレンパンを加熱するドレンパン用加熱装置と、
前記蒸発器に光を照射する発光素子と前記蒸発器からの反射光を受けてこの反射光に応じた電圧を出力する受光素子とを備えた着霜検知手段と、
前記蒸発器用加熱装置及び前記ドレンパン用加熱装置のON/OFFをそれぞれ制御する制御装置とを有し、
該制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力から前記蒸発器の着霜状態を判定し、その判定結果に応じて前記蒸発器用加熱装置及び前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をそれぞれ個別に制御する冷凍空調装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力から、前記蒸発器の着霜状態が所望の冷却能力を維持できる限界の着霜状態に達したと判定した場合、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をONし、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置はONしない請求項1記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力電圧V又は該出力電圧Vから算出した光強度Pが、所定の電圧Von又は所定の光強度Ps以上になった場合、前記蒸発器の着霜状態が所望の冷却能力を維持できる限界の着霜状態に達したと判定する請求項2記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力から、前記蒸発器の霜が溶け始めたと判定した場合、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をONする請求項1乃至請求項3の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力電圧V又は該出力電圧Vから算出した光強度Pが、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をON後、所定の電圧Vdon又は所定の光強度Pds以下になった場合、前記蒸発器の霜が溶け始めたと判定する請求項4記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をON後の前記着霜検知手段の出力電圧の傾きを逐次算出し、該傾きが、第1の傾き閾値以上となった場合、前記蒸発器の霜が溶け始めたと判定する請求項4記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をON後、前記着霜検知手段の出力から、前記蒸発器に霜が無くなったと判定した場合、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をOFFする請求項1乃至請求項6の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の出力電圧V又は該出力電圧Vから算出した光強度Pが、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をON後、所定の電圧Voff又は所定の光強度P0 以下となった場合、前記蒸発器に霜が無くなったと判定する請求項7記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をON後の前記着霜検知手段の出力電圧の傾きが、第2の傾き閾値以下となる状態が所定時間継続した場合、前記蒸発器に霜が無くなったと判定する請求項7に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- ドレンパン温度検出手段を備え、前記制御装置は、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をON後、前記ドレンパン温度検出手段の検出温度が極小値となったことを検知した場合、前記蒸発器に霜が無くなったと判定して前記蒸発器用加熱装置をOFFする請求項1乃至請求項6の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をOFF後、予め設定した水切り時間が経過すると、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をOFFする請求項1乃至請求項10の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をONしてから前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をONさせるまでの時間から着霜量を推測し、推測した着霜量に基づき前記蒸発器用加熱装置をOFFしてから前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をOFFするまでの水切り時間を推測し、該水切り時間になると、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をOFFする請求項1乃至請求項11の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記ドレンパン温度検出手段の検出値がMAX値となってから前記極小値となるまでの時間から着霜量を推測し、推定した着霜量に基づき水切り時間を決定し、前記蒸発器用加熱装置をOFF後、前記水切り時間が経過すると、前記ドレンパン用加熱装置をOFFする請求項10記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記制御装置は、除霜運転中の前記着霜検知手段の出力値から、前記蒸発器用加熱装置の故障を検知する請求項1乃至請求項13の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記ドレンパン用加熱装置がIHヒータである請求項1乃至請求項14の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記ドレンパン用加熱装置が圧縮機から吐出される高温高圧の冷媒を利用したものである請求項1乃至請求項14の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記着霜検知手段を、前記蒸発器全体の着霜状態が検知可能なように前記蒸発器に対して移動可能に取り付けた請求項1乃至請求項16の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。
- 前記着霜検知手段を、前記蒸発器全体の着霜状態が検知可能なように前記蒸発器に対して移動可能に取り付け、
前記制御装置は、
前記蒸発器において着霜の進行が速い箇所の着霜状態に基づいて前記蒸発器用加熱装置及び前記ドレンパン用加熱装置のONタイミングを判断し、
また、前記蒸発器において除霜の進行が遅い箇所の着霜状態に基づいて前記蒸発器用加熱装置及び前記ドレンパン用加熱装置のOFFタイミングを判断する
請求項1乃至請求項16の何れか1項に記載の冷凍空調装置。 - 圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張手段及び蒸発器を接続して構成され冷房運転を行う冷凍サイクルと、
前記蒸発器を加熱する蒸発器用加熱装置と、
前記蒸発器からのドレン水を受けて排出するドレンパンと、
該ドレンパンを加熱するドレンパン用加熱装置と、
前記蒸発器に光を照射する発光素子と前記蒸発器からの反射光を受けてこの反射光に応じた電圧を出力する受光素子とを備えた着霜検知手段と、
前記蒸発器用加熱装置のON/OFFを制御する制御装置とを有し、
該制御装置は、前記着霜検知手段の検知結果により前記蒸発器用加熱装置をONするタイミングを判定する冷凍空調装置。 - 前記制御装置は、除霜運転を開始してから次の除霜運転を開始するまでの除霜周期を予め有し、除霜周期における除霜開始タイミングとなると、次回の除霜開始タイミングにおける霜層厚さを前記着霜検知手段の検出結果に基づき求め、前記霜層厚さに基づいて除霜運転の要否を判定し、除霜運転が不必要と判定した場合は除霜運転をキャンセルして冷却運転を継続し、除霜運転が必要と判定した場合は前記蒸発器用加熱装置をONして除霜運転を開始する請求項19記載の冷凍空調装置。
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Also Published As
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JPWO2011148413A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
EP3330643B1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
EP3330640B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
EP3330641A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
EP2578968A4 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US9574816B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
CN102918340B (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
EP3330640A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
EP2578968A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP3330641B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
EP3330642A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
US20170074577A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
CN102918340A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
TWI391620B (zh) | 2013-04-01 |
JP5490234B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
TW201142228A (en) | 2011-12-01 |
EP2578968B1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
EP3330642B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
HK1181454A1 (en) | 2013-11-08 |
EP3330643A1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
US10222115B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
US20130031921A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
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