WO2011126104A1 - 複合体 - Google Patents

複合体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011126104A1
WO2011126104A1 PCT/JP2011/058865 JP2011058865W WO2011126104A1 WO 2011126104 A1 WO2011126104 A1 WO 2011126104A1 JP 2011058865 W JP2011058865 W JP 2011058865W WO 2011126104 A1 WO2011126104 A1 WO 2011126104A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
mass
bonding layer
phase
metal
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PCT/JP2011/058865
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崇 梅村
Original Assignee
株式会社タンガロイ
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Application filed by 株式会社タンガロイ filed Critical 株式会社タンガロイ
Priority to CN201180017978.3A priority Critical patent/CN102834210A/zh
Priority to JP2012509710A priority patent/JP5678955B2/ja
Priority to US13/639,478 priority patent/US20130029175A1/en
Priority to KR1020127026837A priority patent/KR20130004337A/ko
Priority to EP11766004A priority patent/EP2556908A1/en
Publication of WO2011126104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011126104A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12576Boride, carbide or nitride component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite formed by firmly bonding a cBN sintered body (cubic boron nitride sintered body) and a hard alloy.
  • the cBN sintered body is a material which is very hard and high in thermal conductivity, and is used for cutting tools and the like taking advantage of its features.
  • the cBN sintered body is very expensive because a large scale ultrahigh pressure high temperature generator is required to produce the cBN sintered body. Therefore, a cBN tool in which a cBN sintered body is brazed only to a portion involved in cutting of a cemented carbide base has been used.
  • there is a problem in joining strength by brazing and there is a problem that sufficient strength can not be obtained particularly in cutting where strength at high temperature is required.
  • plasma is interposed with titanium foil interposed between the base material of cemented carbide or tool steel and the cutting edge of high hardness hard alloy.
  • a cutting tool characterized by being integrally sintered and formed by a discharge sintering method (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • a film of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m of Ti is formed on the bonding surface of a pair of cubic boron nitride sintered bodies, and then a film of 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m of Cu is formed, and then a thickness of 10 to 1000 ⁇ m Ag, Cu and In are obtained by sandwiching a ternary alloy foil consisting of Ag, Cu and In between the bonding surfaces of the cubic boron nitride sintered body in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • a bonding method of a cubic boron nitride sintered body characterized by heating to the temperature of the melting point or more and 750 degrees or less of the ternary alloy consisting of (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
  • these bonding methods have a problem that the bonding strength between the cBN sintered body and the substrate is low because the intermediate layer made of metal foil is thick.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a composite in which a cBN sintered body and a hard alloy are firmly joined.
  • the inventors conducted research on joining cBN sintered body and hard alloy, and when forming a joining layer made of metal having a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m between cBN sintered body and hard alloy, cBN It has been found that the sintered body and the hard alloy are firmly joined. That is, the composite of the present invention is characterized by comprising a cBN sintered body, a hard alloy and a bonding layer between them, and the bonding layer is made of a metal having a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the hard alloy of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a hard alloy used as a cutting tool, and, for example, carbides, nitrides of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W and nitrides thereof Hard phase consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of mutual solid solution: 50 to 97% by mass and metal phase consisting mainly of at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Fe: 3 to 50 The hard alloy which consists of mass% is mentioned.
  • the hard phase of the hard alloy of the present invention include WC, TiC, TiN, Ti (C, N), (Ti, Nb) (C, N), (Ti, W, Ta) (C, N) , (Ti, W, Nb, Zr) (C, N), (Ti, W, Mo, Nb) (C, N), ZrC, ZrN, Zr (C, N), NbC, Mo 2 C, (Ta , Nb) (C, N), (Ta, Nb, Hf) (C, N), (W, Nb) (C, N), (W, Mo) (C, N), (W, Mo, Nb) C) and (W, Ta, Mo) (C, N) etc.
  • the metal phase of the hard alloy of the present invention is a metal mainly comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Fe.
  • the metal phase of the hard alloy of the present invention comprises 70 to 100% by mass with respect to the entire metal phase, at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Fe, but in addition to the main components Co, Ni and Fe
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, C and N may be contained in an amount of 0 to 30% by mass with respect to the entire metal phase.
  • the cBN sintered body of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a cBN sintered body used as a cutting tool, and examples thereof include a sintered body containing 20 to 100% by mass of cBN (cubic silicon nitride), Group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, Ni and Al metals, carbides, nitrides, borides and oxides and their mutual solid solutions as the remainder other than cBN
  • the bonded phase consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of 0 to 80% by mass may be included.
  • binder phase of the cBN sintered body of the present invention TiN, Ti (C, N ), TiC, TiB 2, TiBN, TiAlN, Ti 2 AlN, AlN, AlB 2, Al 2 O 3, ZrC, HfC, VC, NbC, TaC, Cr 3 C 2, Mo 2 C, ZrN, HfN, VN, NbN, TaN, CrN, WC, WB, W 2 B, CoWB, W 2 Co 21 B 6, Co 3 W 3
  • C, W, Co, Ni, etc. can be mentioned, it is not limited to these.
  • the bonding layer of the present invention is made of a metal having a thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the bonding layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, stable bonding strength can not be obtained, and if the thickness of the bonding layer is more than 5 ⁇ m, the bonding strength is reduced, the thickness is 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m. It is metal. Among these, a thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m is preferable.
  • the bonding layer of the present invention contains 30 to 100% by mass, with respect to the whole bonding layer, of at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Fe, with the balance being Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta
  • the strength of the bonding layer itself is increased if it is a metal containing 0 to 70% by mass with respect to the whole bonding layer, of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, W, Al, C, B and N with respect to the whole bonding layer. It is further preferable because the bonding strength is improved.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Fe is contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass with respect to the entire bonding layer, and the balance is Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, More preferably, it is a metal containing 0 to 30% by mass with respect to the entire bonding layer, of at least one selected from the group consisting of W, Al, C, B and N.
  • the bonding layer of the present invention is preferably formed as uniformly as possible with respect to the bonding interface.
  • the cBN sintered body and hard alloy are mirror-polished separately, degreased and washed sufficiently with an organic solvent such as acetone, and then using a device such as a hot press, a load of 0.5 kgf / cm 2 or more is applied.
  • the mixture is kept in vacuum at 1100-1250 ° C. for 30-150 minutes and then cooled.
  • the metal phase in the hard alloy is leached to the bonding interface between the hard alloy and the cBN sintered body to form a bonding layer.
  • the pressure is higher than 1000 kgf / cm 2 , the hard alloy plastically deforms and the shape change becomes too large.
  • the component of the cBN sintered body is solid-solved in this bonding layer.
  • the component of the cBN sintered body diffuses into the hard alloy through the bonding layer, and the component of the hard alloy diffuses into the cBN sintered body, which enables firm bonding.
  • the bonding temperature at bonding is preferably 1100 ° C. to 1250 ° C., and the holding time is preferably 30 to 150 minutes, and more preferably, the bonding temperature is 1150 ° C. to 1250 ° C., and the holding time is 60 to 120 minutes.
  • the apparatus for joining is not limited to the above-mentioned hot press, and any apparatus capable of raising the temperature in vacuum or in an inert gas may be used. It is preferable to apply a load to fix the hard alloy and the cBN sintered body, but the temperature is raised by fixing the hard alloy and the cBN sintered body with a jig or the like before the temperature is raised to produce the composite of the present invention Is also preferred. In addition, when the temperature is increased by applying a high load by a hot press or the like, the hard alloy plastically deforms into extremely small pieces and the degree of adhesion with the cBN sintered body increases, and as a result, it is possible to join at low temperature and in a short time. It is more preferable because
  • the wear resistance can be further improved.
  • the composites of the present invention can be coated at higher temperatures than brazed conventional cBN tools, so the coated composites of the present invention can be coated and composited more than conventional coated cBN sintered bodies.
  • the adhesion of can be increased.
  • the film in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides, oxides and borides of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al and Si and their mutual solid solutions. It consists of at least one kind.
  • the film of the present invention include TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiSiN, AlCrN and Al 2 O 3 .
  • the film is preferably composed of a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers, and is preferably an alternate laminate film in which thin layers having different thicknesses of 5 to 200 nm are alternately laminated. If the total film thickness of the entire film is an average film thickness less than 0.3 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the wear resistance is small, and if it exceeds 25 ⁇ m, the chipping resistance tends to decrease.
  • the total film thickness is preferably 0.3 to 25 ⁇ m in average film thickness.
  • the film can be coated by a conventional CVD method or PVD method.
  • the composite of the present invention exhibits high cutting performance when used as a cutting tool because the bonding strength between the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy is high.
  • Specific examples of the cutting tool include turning tools, milling tools, drills, end mills and the like.
  • the cutting tool composite of the present invention can be used even under severe use conditions where the bonding strength of brazing is a problem, and the cutting tool composite of the present invention exhibits excellent cutting performance.
  • the coated composite of the present invention has a high bonding strength between the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy and a high adhesion between the coating and the composite, so the coated composite for cutting tool exhibits excellent cutting performance.
  • the composite of the present invention has an effect that the bonding strength between the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy is high.
  • the coated composite of the present invention has an effect that the bonding strength between the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy is high, and the adhesion between the film and the composite is high.
  • a disk-shaped cBN sintered body having a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm having the composition shown in Table 1 and a disk-shaped hard alloy having a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 3.0 mm having the composition shown in Table 2 were prepared.
  • the surfaces to be bonded for all the samples were mirror-polished using diamond abrasive or the like, and then ultrasonic cleaning was performed in acetone for 10 minutes. Thereafter, using a hot press apparatus, the surface to be joined of the cBN sintered body and the surface to be joined of the hard alloy are superposed, and while applying the load shown in Table 3, the joining temperature shown in Table 3 from room temperature in vacuum. The temperature was raised up and held at the bonding pressure, bonding temperature and holding time shown in Table 3, and then cooled. After cooling, the load was reduced to obtain a composite in which the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy were joined.
  • a 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4.5 mm test piece for composition analysis and a 15 ⁇ 15 ⁇ 4.5 mm shear test piece were cut out by wire cutting.
  • the thickness of the bonding layer was measured using SEM, and the composition of the bonding layer was analyzed by EDS.
  • the shear test was performed using a universal tester, fixing the hard alloy side, applying a load from the upper side near the interface on the cBN sintered body side, and measuring the shear strength.
  • the thickness, composition and shear strength of the bonding layer of each sample are shown in Table 4.
  • Comparative product 1 was hardly bonded because the bonding temperature was low and the bonding layer was not sufficiently formed.
  • the comparative product 2 had a long holding time, the bonding layer became too thick, and the shear strength decreased.
  • cBN in the cBN sintered body phase-transformed to hBN because of the joining at a high temperature of 1350 ° C., and the shear strength decreased.
  • the comparative product 3 was too thin for the bonding layer to be able to analyze the composition of the bonding layer. Similar to Comparative Product 1, Comparative Product 3 was hardly able to be bonded because the bonding temperature was low and the bonding layer was not sufficiently formed.
  • the comparative product 4 had the same bonding layer as in the comparative product 2 and the shear strength decreased. Further, in Comparative Product 4, the amount of Co in the bonding layer was small, the strength of the bonding layer itself was reduced, and the shear strength was reduced.
  • the comparative products 5 and 8 had high joining temperature like the comparative product 2, cBN phase-transformed to hBN, and shear strength fell.
  • the comparative product 6 had a long bonding time and a large bonding layer thickness, so the shear strength decreased.
  • the comparative product 7 had a high bonding pressure, and the hard alloy could not be bonded due to plastic deformation during bonding.
  • the surface to be joined between the cBN sintered body and the cemented carbide was mirror-polished using diamond abrasives or the like, and then ultrasonic cleaning was performed in acetone for 10 minutes.
  • the surface to which the cBN sintered body is to be bonded and the surface to which the hard alloy is to be bonded are superposed, and a load of 1 kgf / cm 2 is applied under vacuum so that the position of the sample is not shifted.
  • the temperature was raised from room temperature to 1250.degree. C., held at a bonding temperature of 1250.degree. C. for 60 minutes, and then cooled. After cooling, the load was reduced to obtain a composite in which the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy were joined.
  • the obtained composite was cut out by wire cutting, and a grinding tool was used to produce a tool 1 processed into an ISO standard CNGA 120408 shaped cutting insert (this invention's product 1 equivalent).
  • the tool 2 which coated the Ti (C, N) film
  • a disc-shaped cBN sintered body having a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm, which has a composition of 60 mass% cBN-40 mass% binder phase (composition of binder phase: TiN, Al 2 O 3 , AlN)
  • composition of binder phase TiN, Al 2 O 3 , AlN
  • it was cut out into a 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 1.5 mm shape, brazed to a cemented carbide substrate in the same manner as a conventional cBN tool, and processed into an ISO standard CNGA 120408 shape cutting insert to obtain a tool 3.
  • Interrupted hardened steel cutting was performed using tools 1, 2 and 3.
  • the tool 3 was largely lost from the brazed portion in 8 minutes of cutting time.
  • the tool 1 was machineable until the cutting time was 15 minutes, flaking occurred in the cBN sintered body in the cutting time of 15 minutes. However, the tool 1 did not peel off at the joint surface of the cBN sintered body and the hard alloy.
  • the tool 1 has a high bonding strength, exhibits excellent performance as a cutting tool, and can extend the tool life. With the tool 2 in which the surface of the tool 1 was coated, the tool life could be further extended. On the other hand, the tool 3 was broken from the brazed portion at the early stage of cutting.

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Abstract

 cBN焼結体と硬質合金が強固に接合した複合体を提供することを目的とする。 cBN焼結体と、硬質合金と、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との間にある接合層とからなり、接合層は厚さ0.1~5μmの金属であることを特徴とする複合体。

Description

複合体
 本発明はcBN焼結体(立方晶窒化硼素焼結体)と硬質合金が強固に接合してできた複合体に関するものである。
 cBN焼結体は非常に硬く熱伝導率が高い材料であり、その特徴を生かして切削工具などに用いられている。cBN焼結体を製造するためには大規模な超高圧高温発生装置を必要とするので、cBN焼結体は非常に高価である。そのため超硬合金基材の切削に関与する部位のみにcBN焼結体をろう付けしたcBN工具が使用されてきた。しかしながら、ろう付けによる接合では接合強度に難点があり、特に高温での強度が要求されるような切削においては十分な強度が得られないという問題があった。
 ろう付けを行わずにcBN焼結体と基材を接合する方法としては、超硬合金又は工具鋼の母材と高硬度硬質合金の切刃部分の間にチタン箔を介在させた状態でプラズマ放電焼結法により一体焼結接合して形成させてあることを特徴とする切削工具がある(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。また、1対の立方晶窒化硼素焼結体の接合面に、0.01~1μmのTiの膜を形成し、次に0.01~1μmのCu膜を形成した後、厚さ10~1000μmのAg,CuおよびInからなる三元系合金箔を、前記立方晶窒化硼素焼結体の接合面で挟み、得られたものを、真空中もしくは不活性ガス雰囲気中において、Ag,CuおよびInからなる三元系合金の融点以上750度以下の温度に加熱することを特徴とする立方晶窒化硼素焼結体の接合方法がある(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。しかしながら、これらの接合方法は、金属箔よりできた中間層が厚いため、cBN焼結体と基材との接合強度が低いという問題がある。
特開平8-168905号公報 特許第2557400号公報
 本発明は、上記問題を解決するためになされたもので、cBN焼結体と硬質合金が強固に接合した複合体を提供することを目的とする。
 本発明者がcBN焼結体と硬質合金の接合について研究を行ったところ、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との間に、厚さ0.1~5μmの金属からなる接合層を形成すると、cBN焼結体と硬質合金が強固に接合することを見出した。すなわち、本発明の複合体は、cBN焼結体と硬質合金とそれらの間にある接合層とからなり、接合層は厚さ0.1~5μmの金属から成ることを特徴とする。
 本発明の硬質合金は、切削工具として使用される硬質合金であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、MoおよびWの炭化物、窒化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる硬質相:50~97質量%と、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を主成分とする金属相:3~50質量%とからなる硬質合金が挙げられる。本発明の硬質合金の硬質相として具体的には、WC、TiC、TiN、Ti(C,N)、(Ti,Nb)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Ta)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Nb,Zr)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)、ZrC、ZrN、Zr(C,N)、NbC、Mo2C、(Ta,Nb)(C,N)、(Ta,Nb,Hf)(C,N)、(W,Nb)(C,N)、(W,Mo)(C,N)、(W,Mo,Nb)Cおよび(W,Ta,Mo)(C,N)などを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されるものではない。また、本発明の硬質合金の金属相は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を主成分とする金属である。本発明の硬質合金の金属相は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して70~100質量%含むが、主成分のCo、NiおよびFe以外にTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、CおよびNから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して0~30質量%の量で含んでもよい。
 本発明のcBN焼結体は、切削工具として使用されるcBN焼結体であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、cBN(立方晶窒化珪素)を20~100質量%含む焼結体が挙げられ、cBN以外の残部として、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Co、NiおよびAlの金属、炭化物、窒化物、硼化物および酸化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる結合相を0~80質量%の量で含んでもよい。本発明のcBN焼結体の結合相として具体的には、TiN、Ti(C,N)、TiC、TiB2、TiBN、TiAlN、Ti2AlN、AlN、AlB2、Al23、ZrC、HfC、VC、NbC、TaC、Cr32、Mo2C、ZrN、HfN、VN、NbN、TaN、CrN、WC、WB、W2B、CoWB、W2Co216、Co33C、W、CoおよびNiなどを挙げることができるがこれらに限定されるものではない。
 本発明の接合層は、厚さ0.1~5μmの金属からなる。接合層の厚さが0.1μm未満では安定した接合強度を得ることができず、接合層の厚さが5μmを超えて厚くなると接合強度が低下することから、厚さ0.1~5μmの金属とした。その中でも厚さ1~3μmが好ましい。本発明の接合層は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して30~100質量%含有し、残部としてTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、C、BおよびNから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して0~70質量%含有する金属であると、接合層自体の強度が増し、接合強度が向上するため、さらに好ましい。その中でもCo、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して70~100質量%含有し、残部としてTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、C、BおよびNから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して0~30質量%含有する金属であると、さらに好ましい。本発明の接合層は接合界面に対してできるだけ厚さが均一に形成されることが好ましい。
 本発明の複合体の製造方法として、例えば、以下の方法を挙げることができる。まず、cBN焼結体と硬質合金をそれぞれ鏡面研磨し、アセトンなどの有機溶剤で脱脂と洗浄を十分に行った後、ホットプレスなどの装置を用い、圧力0.5kgf/cm2以上の荷重をかけて、真空中にて1100℃~1250℃で30~150分間保持した後、冷却する。これにより硬質合金中の金属相が硬質合金とcBN焼結体の接合界面に浸出して接合層を形成する。なお、圧力は、1000kgf/cm2を超えて高くなると、硬質合金が塑性変形し、形状変化が大きくなりすぎるため、実用的には、0.5~1000kgf/cm2が好ましく、その中でも0.5~300kgf/cm2の範囲がさらに好ましい。また、この接合層にはcBN焼結体の成分が固溶しても好ましい。この接合層を介して、硬質合金にcBN焼結体の成分が拡散し、cBN焼結体に硬質合金の成分が拡散し、強固な接合が可能となる。
 接合時の温度は、1250℃を超えて高くなるとcBNが脆弱なhBN(六方晶窒化硼素)に相変態するため接合強度が低下する。一方、接合時の温度が、1100℃未満になると、接合層が形成されにくく、接合層が形成されるまで時間がかかるので経済的に不利となる。また、保持時間が30分未満であると接合層が安定して形成されにくくなり、保持時間が150分を超えて長くなると接合層が5μmを超えて厚くなる可能性が高くなる。そのため、接合時の接合温度は1100℃~1250℃、保持時間は30~150分間であると好ましく、更に好ましくは、接合温度が1150℃~1250℃、保持時間は60~120分間である。
 接合するための装置としては前記ホットプレスに限らず、真空中もしくは不活性ガス中で昇温可能な装置であればいかなるものでもよい。硬質合金とcBN焼結体とを固定するために荷重をかけると好ましいが、昇温前に冶具などで硬質合金とcBN焼結体とを固定して昇温し、本発明の複合体を作製することも好ましい。また、ホットプレスなどで高い荷重をかけて昇温すると、硬質合金が極微小に塑性変形してcBN焼結体との密着度が増し、その結果、低温かつ短時間で接合することが可能となるので、より好ましい。
 本発明の複合体の表面にCVD法、PVD法などにより被膜を被覆すると、耐摩耗性をさらに向上させることができる。本発明の複合体は、ろう付けされた従来のcBN工具よりも高温で被覆することが可能であり、そのため、本発明の被覆複合体は従来の被覆cBN焼結体よりも被膜と複合体との密着性を高くすることができる。本発明における被膜は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、AlおよびSiの炭化物、窒化物、酸化物および硼化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる。本発明の被膜として具体的には、TiC、TiN、TiCN、TiAlN、TiSiN、AlCrNおよびAl23などを挙げることができる。被膜は単層または2層以上の積層のいずれで構成されても好ましく、組成が異なる層厚5~200nmの薄い層を交互に積層した交互積層膜でも好ましい。被膜全体の総膜厚は平均膜厚で、0.3μm未満であると耐摩耗性向上させる効果が小さく、25μmを超えて厚くなると耐欠損性が低下する傾向がみられることから、被膜全体の総膜厚は平均膜厚で0.3~25μmであると好ましい。なお、被膜は従来からあるCVD法、PVD法によって被覆できる。
 本発明の複合体は、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との接合強度が高いので、切削工具として用いると優れた切削性能を示す。切削工具として具体的には、旋削用工具、フライス用工具、ドリル、エンドミルなど挙げることができる。ろう付けの接合強度が問題となるような過酷な使用条件下においても、本発明の切削工具用複合体は使用可能であり、本発明の切削工具用複合体は優れた切削性能を示す。また、本発明の被覆複合体は、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との接合強度が高く、被膜と複合体との密着性が高いので、切削工具用被覆複合体は優れた切削性能を示す。
 本発明の複合体は、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との接合強度が高いという効果を奏する。本発明の被覆複合体は、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との接合強度が高く、被膜と複合体との密着性が高いという効果を奏する。
 表1に示す組成を持つ直径30mm、厚さ1.5mmの円盤状のcBN焼結体と、表2に示す組成を持つ直径30mm、厚さ3.0mmの円盤状の硬質合金を用意した。すべての試料について接合する面をダイヤモンド砥粒などを用いて鏡面研磨した後、アセトン中で10分間超音波洗浄を行った。その後、ホットプレス装置を用いて、cBN焼結体の接合する面と硬質合金の接合する面とを重ね合わせ、表3に示す荷重をかけながら、真空中にて室温から表3に示す接合温度まで昇温し、表3に示す接合圧力、接合温度および保持時間で保持した後、冷却した。冷却後に荷重を下げてcBN焼結体と硬質合金とを接合した複合体を得た。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 得られた複合体から10×10×4.5mmの組成分析用試験片および15×15×4.5mmのせん断試験片をワイヤカットにて切り出した。接合層の厚さはSEMを用いて測定し、接合層の組成はEDSにより分析した。せん断試験は万能試験機を用い、硬質合金側を固定し、cBN焼結体側の界面近傍を上側から荷重をかけて、せん断強度を測定した。各試料の接合層の厚さと組成およびせん断強度は表4に示した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
 表4より発明品はせん断強度が高いことが分かる。比較品1は接合温度が低く、十分に接合層が形成されなかったため、ほとんど接合できていなかった。比較品2は保持時間が長く、接合層が厚くなり過ぎて、せん断強度が低下した。また、1350℃と高温での接合であるためにcBN焼結体中のcBNがhBNに相変態し、せん断強度が低下した。比較品3は接合層が非常に薄いので、接合層を組成分析することができなかった。比較品3は、比較品1と同様に接合温度が低く、十分に接合層が形成されなかったため、ほとんど接合できていなかった。比較品4は比較品2と同様に接合層が厚くなり過ぎて、せん断強度が低下した。また、比較品4は接合層中のCo量が少なく、接合層自体の強度が低下し、せん断強度が低下した。比較品5および8は比較品2と同様に接合温度が高く、cBNがhBNに相変態し、せん断強度が低下した。比較品6は接合時間が長く、接合層厚さが厚いため、せん断強度が低下した。比較品7は接合圧力が高く、接合中に硬質合金が塑性変形して接合することができなかった。
 組成が60質量%cBN-40質量%結合相(結合相の組成:TiN,Al23,AlN)である直径30mm、厚さ1.5mmの円盤状のcBN焼結体と、組成が89質量%WC-11質量%金属相(金属相の組成:95質量%Co-4質量%W-1質量%C)である直径30mm、厚さ3.0mmの円盤状の硬質合金を用意した。cBN焼結体と超硬合金について接合する面をダイヤモンド砥粒などを用いて鏡面研磨した後、アセトン中で10分間超音波洗浄を行った。その後、ホットプレス装置を用いて、cBN焼結体の接合する面と硬質合金の接合する面とを重ね合わせ、試料の位置がずれないように圧力1kgf/cm2の荷重をかけながら、真空中にて室温から1250℃まで昇温し、1250℃の接合温度で60分間保持した後、冷却した。冷却後に荷重を下げて、cBN焼結体と硬質合金とを接合した複合体を得た。得られた複合体をワイヤカットにより切り出し、研削加工によりISO規格CNGA120408形状切削インサートに加工した工具1を作製した(本発明品1相当品)。また、工具1の表面にPVD法により平均膜厚3μmのTi(C,N)膜を被覆した工具2を作製した。比較品として、組成が60質量%cBN-40質量%結合相(結合相の組成:TiN,Al23,AlN)である直径30mm、厚さ1.5mmの円盤状のcBN焼結体から、3×3×1.5mm形状に切り出し、従来のcBN工具と同様に超硬合金製基板にろう付けし、ISO規格CNGA120408形状切削インサートに加工して工具3を得た。
 工具1、2および3を用いて焼入鋼断続加工を行った。加工条件は切削速度Vc=100m/min、切り込みap=0.5mm、送りf=0.25mm/revとし、2本のU型スロットが入った丸棒を外径旋削加工した。その結果、工具3は切削時間8分でろう付け部から大きく欠損した。一方、工具1は切削時間15分までは加工可能であったが、切削時間15分でcBN焼結体にフレーキングが発生した。しかしながら、工具1はcBN焼結体と硬質合金との接合面で剥がれることはなかった。工具2は切削時間24分でcBN焼結体にフレーキングが発生したが、工具1と同様に接合面で剥がれることはなかった。以上のように、工具1は接合強度が高く切削工具として優れた性能を発揮し工具寿命を延長することができた。工具1の表面に被膜を被覆した工具2では、さらに工具寿命を延長することができた。一方、工具3は、切削初期にろう付け部から欠損した。

Claims (16)

  1.  cBN焼結体と、硬質合金と、cBN焼結体と硬質合金との間にある接合層とからなり、接合層が、厚さ0.1~5μmの金属から成ることを特徴とする複合体。
  2.  接合層は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種を30~100質量%含有する金属である請求項1に記載の複合体。
  3.  接合層は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して30~100質量%含有し、Co、NiおよびFe以外に残部としてTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、C、BおよびNから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して0~70質量%含有する金属である請求項2に記載の複合体。
  4.  接合層は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種を70~100質量%含有する金属である請求項1に記載の複合体。
  5.  接合層は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して70~100質量%含有し、Co、Ni、Fe以外に残部としてTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、C、BおよびNから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を接合層全体に対して0~30質量%含有する金属である請求項4に記載の複合体。
  6.  cBN焼結体はcBNを20~100質量%含むcBN焼結体である請求項1に記載の複合体。
  7.  cBN焼結体は、cBNを20~100質量%含み、cBN以外の残部として、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Co、NiおよびAlの金属、炭化物、窒化物、硼化物および酸化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる結合相を0~80質量%の量で含むcBN焼結体である請求項6に記載の複合体。
  8.  cBN焼結体の結合相は、TiN、Ti(C,N)、TiC、TiB2、TiBN、TiAlN、Ti2AlN、AlN、AlB2、Al23、ZrC、HfC、VC、NbC、TaC、Cr32、Mo2C、ZrN、HfN、VN、NbN、TaN、CrN、WC、WB、W2B、CoWB、W2Co216、Co33C、W、CoおよびNiから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる結合相である請求項7に記載の複合体。
  9.  硬質合金は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、MoおよびWの炭化物および窒化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる硬質相:50~97質量%と、残部として、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を主成分とする金属相:3~50質量%とからなる硬質合金である請求項1に記載の複合体。
  10.  硬質合金の硬質相は、WC、TiC、TiN、Ti(C,N)、(Ti,Nb)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Ta)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Nb,Zr)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)、ZrC、ZrN、Zr(C,N)、NbC、Mo2C、(Ta,Nb)(C,N)、(Ta,Nb,Hf)(C,N)、(W,Nb)(C,N)、(W,Mo)(C,N)、(W,Mo,Nb)Cおよび(W,Ta,Mo)(C,N)から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる硬質相である請求項9に記載の複合体。
  11.  硬質合金の金属相は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して70~100質量%含み、Co、NiおよびFe以外にTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、CおよびNから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して0~30質量%の量で含む金属相である請求項9に記載の複合体。
  12.  硬質合金の硬質相は、WC、TiC、TiN、Ti(C,N)、(Ti,Nb)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Ta)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Nb,Zr)(C,N)、(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)、ZrC、ZrN、Zr(C,N)、NbC、Mo2C、(Ta,Nb)(C,N)、(Ta,Nb,Hf)(C,N)、(W,Nb)(C,N)、(W,Mo)(C,N)、(W,Mo,Nb)Cおよび(W,Ta,Mo)(C,N)から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなる硬質相であり、硬質合金の金属相は、Co、NiおよびFeから成る群より選択された少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して70~100質量%以上含み、Co、NiおよびFe以外にTi、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、CおよびNから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種を金属相全体に対して0~30質量%の量で含む金属相である請求項9に記載の複合体。
  13.  請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の複合体の表面に被膜を被覆した被覆複合体。
  14.  被膜は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、AlおよびSiの炭化物、窒化物、酸化物および硼化物ならびにこれらの相互固溶体から成る群より選択された少なくとも1種からなり、被膜全体の総膜厚は平均膜厚で0.3~25μmである請求項13に記載の被覆複合体。
  15.  請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の複合体を切削工具として用いる切削工具用複合体。
  16.  請求項13または14に記載の被覆複合体を切削工具として用いる切削工具用被覆複合体。
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