WO2011121701A1 - 光電変換装置の製法および半導体形成用溶液 - Google Patents
光電変換装置の製法および半導体形成用溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011121701A1 WO2011121701A1 PCT/JP2010/055566 JP2010055566W WO2011121701A1 WO 2011121701 A1 WO2011121701 A1 WO 2011121701A1 JP 2010055566 W JP2010055566 W JP 2010055566W WO 2011121701 A1 WO2011121701 A1 WO 2011121701A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing a photoelectric conversion device having a light absorption layer between a pair of electrode layers and a solution for forming a semiconductor.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of a general photoelectric conversion device such as a thin film solar cell.
- a first electrode layer 2 made of, for example, Mo is formed on a substrate 1 made of, for example, soda lime glass.
- a light absorption layer 3 made of a compound semiconductor thin film is formed on the first electrode layer 2.
- a transparent second electrode layer 5 made of ZnO or the like is formed on the light absorption layer 3 via a buffer layer 4 made of ZnS, CdS, or the like.
- an I-III-VI group compound semiconductor thin film such as Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 is used to obtain high energy conversion efficiency.
- a manufacturing method of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 there is a manufacturing method in which a liquid phase material is formed by coating.
- a single source precursor method Single Source Precursor method
- Cu, Se, In, or Ga is present in one organic compound, the organic compound is dissolved in an organic solvent, applied, and heat-treated to form a Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 thin film.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion device with high energy conversion efficiency by controlling the composition of a light absorption layer using a single source precursor.
- a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device includes a group III-B element in an organic solvent containing a single source precursor including a group IB element, a group III-B element, and a chalcogen element. And adding a chalcogenide powder to prepare a semiconductor forming solution and forming a semiconductor containing an I-III-VI group compound using the semiconductor forming solution.
- a solution for forming a semiconductor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an organic solvent, a single source precursor containing a group IB element, a group III-B element, and a chalcogen element, and a chalcogenide of the group III-B element And powder.
- the photoelectric conversion device produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention is a photoelectric conversion device 10 having a light absorption layer between a pair of electrode layers, for example, as shown in FIG.
- a first electrode layer 2 serving as a back electrode is formed on a substrate 1
- a light absorption layer 3 made of a compound semiconductor thin film is formed on the first electrode layer 2.
- a transparent second electrode layer 5 is formed on the light absorption layer 3 via the buffer layer 4.
- the substrate for example, a soda lime glass substrate, a metal substrate such as Mo or SUS, a resin substrate such as polyimide can be used.
- a first electrode layer 2 is formed on the substrate 1, and a light absorption layer 3 as a first semiconductor layer is formed on the first electrode layer 2.
- a buffer layer 4 as a second semiconductor layer having a conductivity type different from that of the first semiconductor layer is formed on the light absorption layer 3, and a second electrode layer 5 is formed on the buffer layer 4.
- the photoelectric conversion apparatus 10 which has the light absorption layer 3 between a pair of 1st, 2nd electrode layers 2 and 5 is comprised.
- the present invention may be of a type that does not have the substrate 1, in other words, a type in which the first electrode layer 2 functions as a substrate.
- an I-III-VI group compound semiconductor made of a chalcopyrite structure is used as one capable of obtaining high energy conversion efficiency.
- the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor CuInSe 2 , CuGaSe 2 , Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 or the like is used.
- a method for producing the photoelectric conversion device of the present invention will be described.
- a substrate 1 made of soda lime glass is prepared.
- a first electrode layer 2 is formed on the substrate 1.
- the first electrode layer 2 is made of any electrode material selected from molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), polysilicon (SiO 2 ), metal silicide, aluminum (Al), and the like. desirable.
- the first electrode layer 2 can be formed by a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a coating method, or the like.
- a semiconductor forming solution for forming the light absorption layer 3 is prepared.
- This semiconductor forming solution is a solution in which a single source precursor is dissolved in a group I-B element, a group III-B element, and a chalcogen element in one complex molecule.
- the IB group element refers to an IB group element (also referred to as a group 11 element) in the periodic table of elements, such as Cu and Ag.
- the group III-B element is a group III-B element (also referred to as a group 13 element) in the periodic table of elements, such as Ga and In.
- the chalcogen element is S, Se, or Te among VI-B group elements (also referred to as group 16 elements) in the periodic table.
- the single source precursor contains Cu, an In, Ga and Se.
- the single source precursor is produced by reacting the first complex ion obtained in the first complex ion solution production step described later with the second complex ion obtained in the second complex ion solution production step. Can do.
- First complex ion solution preparation process First, a Lewis base L such as P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 and an organometallic salt of Cu (I-B element) such as Cu (CH 3 CN) 4 .PF 6 are mixed in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile. A first complex ion solution in which a first complex ion in a form such as ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + is present is produced (first complex ion solution production step) ).
- a Lewis base L such as P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 and an organometallic salt of Cu (I-B element) such as Cu (CH 3 CN) 4 .PF 6 are mixed in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile.
- a first complex ion solution in which a first complex ion in a form such as ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + is present is produced (first complex ion solution production step)
- the organometallic salt of Cu a halide such as CuCl, CuCl 2 , CuBr, or CuI may be used, and the Lewis base L includes N or As, for example, As (C 6 H 5 ) 3 or N (C 6 H 5 ) 3 may be used.
- acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or the like can be used as an organic solvent for dissolving the Lewis base L and the organometallic salt of Cu.
- the first complex ion solution preparation step is represented by the following general formula.
- the Lewis base is L
- the organometallic salt of the IB group element is [M′R ′ 4 ] + (X ′) ⁇
- M ′ is the IB group element
- R ′ is any organic ligand
- ( X ′) ⁇ represents an arbitrary anion
- the reaction for forming the first complex ion is as shown in Reaction Formula 1. It is expressed in
- the first Lewis base L is P (C 6 H 5 ) 3
- the organometallic salt [M′R ′ m ] + (X ′) ⁇ is a Cu group element.
- (CH 3 CN) 4 + ⁇ PF 6 - for the first complex ion [L n M'R '(m- n)] + is ⁇ P (C 6 H 5) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + ⁇ PF 6 - to generate as.
- a second complex ion containing a chalcogen element-containing organic compound and a III-B group element is prepared.
- the chalcogen element-containing organic compound is an organic compound having a chalcogen element.
- a thiol, selenol, tellurol, or the like in which a chalcogen element is bonded to an organic compound such as acrylic, allyl, alkyl, vinyl, perfluoro, or carbamate. Is mentioned.
- an organic compound and NaOCH 3 and an organic selenium compound or an organic sulfur compound reacts with the InCl 3 or GaCl 3 are reacted in a solvent consisting of methanol, In ⁇ SeR ⁇ 4 - or Ga ⁇ SeR ⁇ 4 - To form a second complex ion.
- R is a kind selected from acrylic, allyl, alkyl, vinyl, perfluoro, and carbamate.
- HSeC 6 H 5 is used as the organic selenium compound
- HSC 6 H 5 is used as the organic sulfur compound
- a solvent such as ethanol or propanol can be used instead of methanol. Note that the first complex ion and the second complex ion may be produced in any order.
- the second complex ion solution preparation step is represented by the following general formula.
- the chalcogen element is E
- the metal salt of the chalcogen element-containing organic compound is A (ER ′′)
- R ′′ is an organic compound
- A is an arbitrary cation
- the metal salt of the group III-B element is M.
- X ′′) 3 M ′′ represents a group III-B element
- X ′′ represents an arbitrary anion
- the second complex ion is [M ′′ (ER ′′) 4 ] ⁇
- the reaction for forming the second complex ion is represented by the reaction formula 2.
- the metal salt A (ER ′′) of the chalcogen element-containing organic compound is obtained by reacting a metal alkoxide such as NaOCH 3 with a chalcogen element-containing organic compound such as phenyl selenol (HSeC 6 H 5 ). It is done.
- Reaction Formula 2 include, for example, a metal salt A (ER ′′) of a chalcogen element-containing organic compound is NaSeC 6 H 5 , and a metal salt M ′′ (X ′′) 3 of a group III-B element is InCl 3. Or GaCl 3 , the second complex ion [M ′′ (ER ′′) 4 ] ⁇ is Na + [In (SeC 6 H 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ or Na + [Ga (SeC 6 H 5 ) 4. ] - to generate as.
- a metal salt A (ER ′′) of a chalcogen element-containing organic compound is NaSeC 6 H 5
- a metal salt M ′′ (X ′′) 3 of a group III-B element is InCl 3.
- the second complex ion [M ′′ (ER ′′) 4 ] ⁇ is Na + [In (SeC 6 H 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ or Na + [Ga (SeC 6 H 5 )
- the group III-B element contained in the second complex ion solution is not limited to one type, and a plurality of types may be contained.
- both In and Ga may be included in the second complex ion solution.
- Such a second complex ion solution can be prepared by using a mixture of a plurality of types of group III-B element metal salts as a raw material of the second complex ion solution. Or you may produce the 2nd complex ion solution containing one type of III-B group element for every III-B group element, and mix these.
- the first complex ion and the second complex ion are reacted to form a group IB element (Cu), a chalcogen element (S or Se), a group III-B element (In or Ga), and Lewis A single source precursor containing base L is made. That is, a first complex ion solution containing a group IB element (Cu) and a second complex ion solution containing a group III-B element (In or Ga) and a chalcogen element (S or Se) are mixed. By reacting the first complex ion and the second complex ion, the group IB element (Cu), the chalcogen element (S or Se), the group III-B element (In or Ga), and the Lewis base L are converted. A precipitate containing is obtained. And it isolate
- the temperature when the first complex ion and the second complex ion are reacted is preferably 0 to 30 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 1 to 5 hours.
- the portion precipitated by the reaction is desirably washed using a technique such as centrifugation or filtration.
- the single source precursor production process is represented by the following general formula.
- the reaction to form such a single source precursor [L n M ′ (ER ′′) 2 M ′′ (ER ′′) 2 ] is represented by Reaction Scheme 3.
- the first complex ion is ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + .PF 6 ⁇
- the second complex ion is Na + [M ′′ (SeC 6 H 5 ) 4 ] — (M ′′ is In and / or Ga)
- the single source precursor is ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (SeC 6 H 5 ) 2 M ′ '(SeC 6 H 5 ) 2
- the single source precursor prepared as described above is dissolved in an organic solvent, and further, a chalcogenide powder of a group III-B element (for example, for example, in an organic solvent in which the single source precursor is dissolved) It is important to prepare a semiconductor-forming solution by dissolving or mixing at least one selenide powder or sulfide powder of In and Ga).
- the organic solvent in which the single source precursor is dissolved toluene, pyridine, xylene, acetone or the like can be used.
- chalcogenide powder of III-B group elements as the selenide powder of In or Ga, there are In 2 Se, Ga 2 Se, also, as a sulfide powder of In or Ga is, In 2 S, Ga 2 S.
- These powders are dissolved or mixed in an organic solvent in which a single source precursor is dissolved.
- These powders desirably have an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- nanoparticles By using such nanoparticles, it becomes easy to dissolve in an organic solvent, and even if there is something that does not dissolve in part, it is sufficiently dispersed in the organic solvent to promote homogenization of the composition of the light absorption layer. Can do.
- the chalcogenide powder of the group III-B element is desirably dissolved in an organic solvent from the viewpoint of uniform composition of the light absorption layer. Even in the dispersed state, the composition of the light absorption layer can be made uniform to some extent.
- the light-absorbing layer containing the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor is formed by applying the semiconductor-forming solution thus prepared on the first electrode layer 2 and drying it, followed by heat treatment.
- the single source precursor is dissolved in an organic solvent such as toluene, pyridine, xylene, and acetone, and this organic solvent is dissolved in a group III-B such as In 2 Se, Ga 2 Se, In 2 S, and Ga 2 S.
- An elemental chalcogenide powder is added and dissolved or mixed to prepare a solution for forming a semiconductor. And after apply
- the thickness of the light absorption layer 3 is, for example, 1.0 to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the drying temperature is 50 to 300 ° C., for example.
- the reducing atmosphere during the heat treatment is preferably a reducing atmosphere in which moisture is removed through a hygroscopic agent.
- the absorbent is not particularly limited as long as it can remove water, but molecular sieve (trade name) and the like are preferably used.
- the heat treatment temperature is, for example, 400 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the high resistance layer made of Cu 2 Se or the like is desirable to remove the high resistance layer made of Cu 2 Se or the like on the surface by etching with a KCN aqueous solution.
- the importance of controlling the composition of the light absorption layer 3 is as follows. If a single source precursor can produce an ideal organic compound, theoretically, the molar ratio of a group IB element to a group III-B element (for example, a molar ratio of Cu / (In + Ga)). ) Can form a uniform light absorption layer. However, it is difficult to obtain a pure complex ion such as ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + , and in addition to the desired single precursor, a by-product is added. Arise. As a result, the composition ratio of Cu, In, Ga, and Se varies.
- Patent Document 1 it is difficult to obtain a pure first complex ion such as ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + , and the amount thereof is small. Even if the solution in which the first complex ions are present and the solution in which the second complex ions are present, the second complex ions that react with the first complex ions are reduced, and contain Cu and In or Ga and Se. A precipitate (main product) and a precipitate (by-product) of a compound containing Cu and Se are generated, and in addition, In or Ga becomes a complex ion in the solution above the precipitate.
- a pure first complex ion such as ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) 2 + , and the amount thereof is small. Even if the solution in which the first complex ions are present and the solution in which the second complex ions are present, the second complex ions that react with the first complex ions are reduced, and contain Cu and In or Ga and Se. A precipitate
- the complex ions of In or Ga in the solution are discharged and removed, and Cu and (In + Ga)
- the light absorption layer produced by heat-treating this precursor because the amount of In or Ga is small, especially because Ga is easily ionized, and the amount of Ga is insufficient. 3 has a problem that a light-absorbing layer having a molar ratio of Cu to (In + Ga) of 1: 1 is not obtained, a highly conductive compound such as Cu 2 Se is generated, and energy conversion efficiency is lowered. . Therefore, when the single source precursor has a by-product containing a group IB element, it is important to control the composition by adding a group III-B element.
- the composition control of the light absorption layer 3 is important.
- the reason is as follows.
- a compound having high conductivity such as Cu 2 Se is likely to be generated, thereby increasing the conductivity of the light absorption layer 3 and reducing the energy conversion efficiency.
- the molar ratio of the IB group element / III-B group element eg, the molar ratio of Cu / (In + Ga)
- composition control of the light absorption layer 3 is difficult to perform well by a conventional method of manufacturing a photoelectric conversion device using a solution in which only a single source precursor is dissolved. That is, in the conventional manufacturing method using a solution of only a single source precursor, it is difficult to form a good semiconductor when trying to control the composition of the light absorption layer 3. This is because, when an attempt is made to control the composition of the light absorption layer 3 by simply adding a group III-B element in the state of a metal complex to a single source precursor solution, this solution is applied to form a film. It is considered that the composition is separated and the composition of the entire film tends to be nonuniform. Another possible cause is that the added III-B group element metal complex has low reactivity and it is difficult to obtain an I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
- composition separation is suppressed by adding a chalcogenide powder of a group III-B element to a solution of a single source precursor.
- the chalcogen element-containing ligand is preferably coordinated on the surface of the chalcogenide powder of the group III-B element.
- the chalcogen element-containing ligand and the single source precursor have good affinity, and the chalcogenide powder of the group III-B element exists in the state of being close to the single source precursor. Therefore, since the I-III-VI group compound semiconductor can be satisfactorily formed almost uniformly over the entire light absorption layer 3, crystallization further proceeds and energy conversion efficiency can be further increased.
- the chalcogen element-containing ligand is an organic compound that contains a chalcogen element and can be coordinated with a chalcogenide powder of a group III-B element.
- a chalcogen element-containing ligand the same compound as the above-mentioned chalcogen element-containing organic compound can be used.
- the chalcogen element-containing ligand and the chalcogen element-containing organic compound contained in the single source precursor may be the same compound or different ones. From the viewpoint of further increasing the affinity with the single source precursor, the chalcogen element-containing ligand and the chalcogen element-containing organic compound contained in the single source precursor are preferably the same compound.
- the chalcogen element-containing ligand preferably has an aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring has a relatively small molecular shape and high affinity with other organic compounds, so that the single source precursor and the chalcogenide powder of the group III-B element can be brought closer to each other. .
- the group III-B element is obtained by dissolving the chalcogen element-containing ligand in the above-mentioned semiconductor forming solution.
- a chalcogen element-containing ligand can be coordinated on the surface of the chalcogenide powder.
- a chalcogenide powder of a group III-B element is dispersed in an organic solvent in which the chalcogen element-containing ligand is dissolved, and the chalcogen element-containing ligand is coordinated on the surface. It may be used to produce a solution for forming a semiconductor.
- an IB group element chalcogenide powder such as Cu selenide powder or sulfide powder, in an organic solvent in which the single source precursor is dissolved. Can be dissolved or mixed.
- the composition for example, the molar ratio of Cu / (In + Ga)
- the light absorption layer 3 can be controlled more easily.
- the Lewis base and the organometallic salt of the group IB element may be blended so that the number of moles of the organometallic salt is smaller than the number of moles of the Lewis base. preferable. This suppresses the formation of by-products such as a compound of Cu and Se during the first complex ion production step, and ⁇ P (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ⁇ 2 Cu (CH 3 CN) A first complex ion such as 2+ can be easily produced in large quantities. Therefore, it is possible to satisfactorily form an I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
- a Lewis base referred to as L
- an organometallic salt of an IB group element M
- L a Lewis base
- M organometallic salt of an IB group element
- n-type buffer layer 4 for heterojunction is formed on the light absorption layer 3.
- a material such as CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnMgO, ZnO, InS, InSe, In (OH) 3 , ZnInSe, ZnInS, CuI, or Mg (OH) 2 is used.
- These can be produced by immersing a substrate formed up to the light absorption layer by a dip coating method, CBD method (solution growth method) or the like in an aqueous solution to deposit fine particles, followed by heat treatment.
- a transparent second electrode layer 5 made of ITO or ZnO is formed on the buffer layer 4.
- the second electrode layer 5 can be formed by, for example, sputtering, spraying, or coating.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 4 is, for example, 10 to 200 nm, and the thickness of the second electrode layer 5 is, for example, 0.5 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the second complex ion solution was dropped into the first complex ion solution at a rate of 10 ml per minute. Thereby, it was confirmed that a white precipitate was generated during the dropping.
- the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour with a magnetic stirrer. As a result, a precipitate was precipitated.
- the precipitate was dried in vacuum at room temperature to remove the solvent to produce a single source precursor.
- the composition analysis of the light absorption layer was performed by emission spectroscopic analysis (ICP) and listed in Table 1.
- In 2 Se as shown in Table 1 having an average particle size of 0.02 ⁇ m was added to this solution.
- the powder, Ga 2 Se 3 powder, In 2 S 3 powder, and Ga 2 S 3 powder were added in an amount of mol% shown in Table 2 with respect to the single source precursor and dissolved to prepare a semiconductor forming solution.
- Sample No. For Nos. 9 and 10, In 2 Se powder having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m was used. The average particle size was determined by image processing of an SEM photograph of the powder.
- This semiconductor forming solution was formed into a thin film on the first electrode layer made of Mo on the soda lime glass substrate by the doctor blade method.
- the thin film was applied to the first electrode layer by applying a semiconductor forming solution using nitrogen gas as a carrier gas in a glove box. After the application, the soda lime glass substrate was dried for 5 minutes while being heated to 110 ° C. on a hot plate.
- heat treatment was performed in a hydrogen gas atmosphere.
- the heat treatment was performed by rapidly raising the temperature to 525 ° C. in 5 minutes and holding at 525 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by natural cooling to produce a light absorption layer made of a compound semiconductor thin film having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the composition analysis of this light absorption layer was performed by emission spectroscopic analysis (ICP) and listed in Table 2.
- cadmium acetate and thiourea were dissolved in ammonia, and the substrate was immersed therein to form a buffer layer made of CdS having a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m on the compound semiconductor thin film. Furthermore, an Al-doped zinc oxide film (second electrode layer) was formed on the buffer layer by sputtering. Finally, an aluminum electrode (extraction electrode) was formed by vapor deposition to produce a photoelectric conversion device.
- In 2 Se powder, Ga 2 Se 3 powder, In 2 S 3 powder, and Ga 2 S 3 powder are added to an organic solvent in which a single source precursor is dissolved and dissolved or mixed. Since the light absorption layer is formed using a solution, the molar ratio of Cu / (In + Ga) can be made smaller than 1, and In 2 Se powder, Ga 2 Se 3 powder, In 2 S 3 powder, Ga 2 It can be seen that the Cu / (In + Ga) molar ratio of the light absorption layer can be arbitrarily controlled by controlling the amount of S 3 powder added.
- the energy conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion devices of Samples 1 to 20 was measured.
- energy conversion efficiency a so-called steady light solar simulator is used, and energy conversion is performed under the condition that the irradiation intensity of light on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion device is 100 mW / cm 2 and AM (air mass) is 1.5. Efficiency was measured. As a result, samples 19 and 20 as comparative examples had energy conversion efficiencies of 4% and 2%, respectively, whereas samples 1 to 18 had high energy conversion efficiencies of 10% or more. I understood.
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Abstract
Description
まず、P(C6H5)3などのルイス塩基Lと、Cu(CH3CN)4・PF6などのCu(I-B族元素)の有機金属塩とをアセトニトリルなどの有機溶媒中で反応させて{P(C6H5)3}2Cu(CH3CN)2 +のような形の第1錯イオンが存在する第1錯イオン溶液を作製する(第1錯イオン溶液作製工程)。
カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物と、III-B族元素とを含む第2錯イオンを作製する。なお、カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物とは、カルコゲン元素を有する有機化合物であり、例えば、アクリル、アリル、アルキル、ビニル、パーフルオロ、カルバメート等の有機化合物にカルコゲン元素が結合した、チオール、セレノール、テルロール等が挙げられる。
次に、第1錯イオンと第2錯イオンとを反応させて、I-B族元素(Cu)と、カルコゲン元素(SまたはSe)と、III-B族元素(InまたはGa)と、ルイス塩基Lとを含む単一源前駆体を作製する。すなわち、I-B族元素(Cu)を含む第1錯イオン溶液と、III-B族元素(InまたはGa)とカルコゲン元素(SまたはSe)とを含む第2錯イオン溶液とを混合して、第1錯イオンと第2錯イオンとを反応させることにより、I-B族元素(Cu)とカルコゲン元素(SまたはSe)とIII-B族元素(InまたはGa)とルイス塩基Lとを含む沈殿物を得る。そして、この沈殿物と、この沈殿物の上方の溶液とに分離し、溶液部分を排出し、乾燥することにより、単一源前駆体を作製できる。
本発明では、上記のようにして作製した単一源前駆体を有機溶媒に溶解し、さらに、この単一源前駆体が溶解した有機溶媒に、III-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末(例えば、InおよびGaのうち少なくとも1種のセレン化物粉末または硫化物粉末)を溶解または混合し半導体形成用溶液を作製することが重要である。
光吸収層3の上にヘテロ接合のためのn型のバッファ層4を形成する。バッファ層4は、例えば、CdS、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnMgO、ZnO、InS、InSe、In(OH)3、ZnInSe、ZnInS、CuI、または、Mg(OH)2などの材料が用いられる。これらは、浸漬塗布法、CBD法(溶液成長法)等により光吸収層まで形成した基板を水溶液に浸して微粒子を堆積させ、熱処理することにより作製することができる。
2・・・第1電極層
3・・・光吸収層
4・・・バッファ層
5・・・第2電極層
Claims (10)
- I-B族元素とIII-B族元素とカルコゲン元素とを含む単一源前駆体を含んだ有機溶媒に、III-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末を添加して、半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程と、
前記半導体形成用溶液を用いてI-III-VI族化合物を含む半導体を形成する工程と、
を具備する光電変換装置の製法。 - 前記I-III-VI族化合物を含む半導体を形成する工程は、
前記半導体形成用溶液を皮膜にする工程と、その後に該皮膜を加熱する工程とを含む、請求項1記載の光電変換装置の製造方法。 - 前記III-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末の表面にカルコゲン元素含有配位子を配位させる工程をさらに具備する、請求項1記載の光電変換装置の製法。
- 前記カルコゲン元素含有配位子は芳香族環を有する、請求項3記載の光電変換装置の製法。
- 前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程において、
前記III-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末は、その平均粒径が0.1μm以下の状態で添加される、請求項1記載の光電変換装置の製法。 - 前記半導体形成用溶液を作製する工程は、
さらにI-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末を添加する工程を含む、請求項1記載の光電変換装置の製法。 - 前記単一源前駆体は、
ルイス塩基とI-B族元素とを含む第1錯イオンが存在する第1錯イオン溶液を作製する工程と、
カルコゲン元素含有有機化合物とIII-B族元素とを含む第2錯イオンが存在する第2錯イオン溶液を作製する工程と、
前記第1錯イオン溶液と前記第2錯イオン溶液とを混合して反応させ、前記単一源前駆体を生成させる工程と、
を有する製法により製造される、請求項1記載の光電変換装置の製法。 - 前記第1錯イオン溶液を作製する工程は、
前記ルイス塩基と前記I-B族元素の有機金属塩とを、該有機金属塩のモル数が前記ルイス塩基のモル数よりも小さくなるように配合する工程を含む、請求項7記載の光電変換装置の製法。 - 前記ルイス塩基のモル数をLとし、前記有機金属塩のモル数をMとしたときに、モル比(M/L)が1/3以下である、請求項8記載の光電変換装置の製法。
- 有機溶媒と、
I-B族元素とIII-B族元素とカルコゲン元素とを含む単一源前駆体と、
III-B族元素のカルコゲン化物粉末と、
を含む半導体形成用溶液。
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