WO2011108173A1 - Rope inspection device - Google Patents

Rope inspection device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011108173A1
WO2011108173A1 PCT/JP2010/073545 JP2010073545W WO2011108173A1 WO 2011108173 A1 WO2011108173 A1 WO 2011108173A1 JP 2010073545 W JP2010073545 W JP 2010073545W WO 2011108173 A1 WO2011108173 A1 WO 2011108173A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
light
outer diameter
diameter value
light receiving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/073545
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
淳二 堀
一 仲嶋
正博 鹿井
厚 光井
篤志 船田
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to JP2012502972A priority Critical patent/JP5436659B2/en
Publication of WO2011108173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011108173A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
    • G01B11/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving
    • G01B11/105—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters of objects while moving using photoelectric detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rope inspection device for detecting an outer diameter abnormality by irradiating a running rope with a light beam, obtaining an outer diameter value from the amount of received light detected by a light receiving means opposed across the rope. .
  • a diagnostic apparatus using a projector and a light receiver disposed at positions facing each other across the rope is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the diagnostic apparatus of Patent Document 1 the light beam emitted from the light projecting unit is partially shielded by the wire rope, the light beam not shielded is received by the light receiving unit, and the amount of received light is obtained by frequency analysis. Diagnose wire rope outer diameter abnormalities (wire breakage, wear / deformation, elongation) from the frequency spectrum.
  • JP-A-11-325841 JP-A-11-325841
  • the present invention provides a rope inspection device that can convert the amount of light received by the light receiver into a rope outer diameter using a linear conversion formula and can suppress fluctuations in the amount of light received by the light receiver due to the roll of the rope.
  • the purpose is to do.
  • the width of the light beam in a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the light beam and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is a maximum outer diameter value of the rope.
  • a light-inspecting device that detects the amount of light, and a conversion unit that converts the light amount detected by the light-receiving unit into an outer diameter value of the rope. It is characterized by being substantially uniform within a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction and within a range irradiated on the rope.
  • the range irradiated on the rope is a beam range used when measuring the outer diameter value of the rope.
  • the dimension in the first direction (the direction orthogonal to both the optical axis of the light beam and the traveling direction of the rope) (referred to as the “light beam width”) is the rope
  • the width of the rope moving in the first direction during travel (the amount of movement due to the roll of the rope) is made larger than the value obtained by adding the maximum outer diameter value. That is, the width of the light beam is set not only to be larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope, but also to prevent the rope from falling out of the measurement beam range even when the rope rolls.
  • the “maximum outer diameter value of the rope” is the maximum value among the outer diameter values of the rope that blocks the light beam.
  • the intensity distribution of the light beam within the measurement beam range is substantially uniform, the relationship between the amount of light received by the light receiving means and the outer diameter of the rope is a substantially linear relationship. Therefore, when converting the amount of light received by the light receiver to the outer diameter of the rope, it can be converted by a relatively simple linear conversion formula.
  • the intensity distribution of the light beam within the measurement beam range is substantially uniform, the amount of light received by the light receiving means is not limited as long as the rope has the same outer diameter even when the position of the rope within the light beam changes. There are few fluctuations.
  • a rope inspection apparatus that can convert the amount of light received by a light receiver into a rope outer diameter by a linear conversion formula and can suppress fluctuations in the amount of light received by a light receiving means due to the roll of the rope. can do.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing uniform light and a measurement beam range when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2.
  • A) is an intensity distribution of light rays in the XX line (upstream side of the homogenizing optical system) in FIG. 1-2, and (b) is a YY line in FIGS. 1-2 and 1-3.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a beam shaped into a horizontally long shape and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 (a, b).
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a beam shaped into a rectangle and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 (a, b). It is a schematic sectional drawing of a rope.
  • 12 is a graph (position-outer diameter value graph) in which the outer diameter value data used in FIG. 1-11 is plotted against position data.
  • FIG. 9 is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from a test result of a rope having an internal structure as shown in FIG. 1-8.
  • (A) is a rope position-outer diameter value graph with no abnormal outer diameter
  • (b) is a rope position-outer diameter value graph with loose outer layer strands
  • (c) is a rope with inner layer strands loosened.
  • it is the graph showing the total outer diameter value in each area.
  • Embodiment 1 of this invention it is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the total outer diameter value in the same area.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph (position-outer diameter value graph) in which the outer diameter value data used in FIG. 3B is replotted based on the positions of the tops and valleys of the unevenness.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a circular beam and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between an elliptical beam and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 for the rope inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention (a, b).
  • a rope inspection device 1 rope, 2 uniform light, 2M measurement beam, 3 light irradiation means (uniform light irradiation means), 4 light sources, 5 uniformizing optical system, 6 light receiving means (light receiving part), 6L left light receiving part, 6R Right light receiving part, 7 light receiving element, 7L left light receiving element, 7R right light receiving element, 8 condensing lens, 8L left condensing lens, 8R right condensing lens, 15 slit, S opening, 20 conversion means, 21 light receiving part output Processing circuit, 22 AD converter, 23 conversion means, 30 rope position calculation means, 31 encoder, 32 rope position calculation device, 40 storage means (storage device), 50 calculation device, 51 calculation means, 60 measurement beam range, 90 rope Conveyance means, C rope center line, DL position data, P pulse signal, Dir1 first direction, Dir2 length Direction, the traveling direction of DirL light, the traveling direction of DirR rope 1, ext extracted graph, the amplitude value at nor normal.
  • FIG. 1-1 shows a schematic diagram for explaining a detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus A in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1-2 illustrates a case where the light source 4 to the light receiving means (light receiving unit) 6 of the rope inspection apparatus A in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are cut along a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the rope 1.
  • a schematic cross section is shown.
  • the rope 1 extends in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface and travels in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1.
  • the rope inspection apparatus A includes a light irradiation unit (uniform light irradiation unit) 3, a slit 15, a light receiving unit (light receiving unit) 6, a conversion unit 20, a rope position calculation unit 30, and a storage unit 40.
  • the uniform light irradiation means 3 is for irradiating the traveling rope 1 with a light beam.
  • the width of the beam in a direction (first direction Dir1) orthogonal to the optical axis and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope.
  • the uniform light irradiation means 3 is a beam having a substantially uniform intensity within a measurement beam range 60 (see FIG. 1-3) whose width in the first direction Dir1 is at least larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope 1 (uniform 1). Light 2) is emitted.
  • the uniform light irradiating means 3 includes, for example, a light source 4 that emits non-uniform light (FIG. 1-4 (a)) having non-uniform intensity distribution such that the intensity decreases as the distance from the optical axis increases.
  • the light is composed of a homogenizing optical system 5 for making the intensity substantially uniform over at least the measurement beam range 60 (FIG. 1-2). As shown in FIG. 1-4B, the uniform light 2 has a substantially uniform intensity within the measurement beam range 60.
  • the measurement beam range 60 is a range of uniform light (referred to as “measurement beam 2M”) used for measuring the outer diameter of the rope 1 in the uniform light 2.
  • the width of the measurement beam range 60 in the first direction Dir1 (lateral width 61: FIG. 1-3) is determined by considering the maximum outer diameter value of the rope 1, the amplitude of the roll of the rope 1, and the measurement accuracy. It is set to be irradiated.
  • the lateral width 61 is set to, for example, 10 times or more (for example, about 10 to 20 times) the outer diameter 1d of the rope 1.
  • the uniform light irradiating means 3 can be configured only from the light source 4 without using the uniformizing optical system 5.
  • the uniform light irradiation means 3 including the light source 4 and the uniformizing optical system 5 will be mainly described. However, in any example, the uniform light irradiation means 3 including only the light source 4 can be replaced.
  • the light source 4 various known light sources can be used.
  • a light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser is preferable.
  • the homogenizing optical system 5 include a Koehler illumination optical system. In the Kohler illumination system, non-uniform light from the light source 4 is converted into uniform light by a plurality of lenses.
  • the uniformization optical system 5 can be abbreviate
  • the slit 15 blocks a part of the uniform light 2 so that the vertical width of the uniform light 2 in the traveling direction DirR (referred to as “vertical direction”) of the rope 1 is constant.
  • the upper and lower portions of the uniform light 2 (especially the measurement beam 2M) are shielded by the slits 15, and the measurement beam 2M is shaped into a horizontally long beam shape having a constant vertical width.
  • the area shielded by the rope 1 is obtained by “the outer diameter of the rope 1 ⁇ the width of the measuring beam 2M”. Can do. Since the width of the measurement beam 2M is constant, this light shielding area is also constant. Therefore, even if the rope 1 rolls, the light shielding area does not change.
  • the light receiving unit 6 is disposed to face the uniform light irradiation unit 3 with the rope 1 interposed therebetween.
  • the light receiving unit 6 includes a light receiving element 7 for receiving the uniform light 2 (measurement beam 2M) within the measurement beam range 60, and detects the light amount of the measurement beam 2M that has passed through both sides of the rope 1.
  • the light receiving unit 6 may include a condenser lens 8 disposed between the rope 1 and the light receiving element 7. When the spot of the measurement beam 2M is larger than the light receiving element 7, the light receiving part 6 collects the measurement beam 2M. The spot of the measurement beam 2M can be reduced to a width that fits on the light receiving surface of the light receiving element 7 (FIG. 1-2).
  • the light receiving element 7 various known light receiving elements can be used. For example, a semiconductor element or the like is preferable.
  • the condenser lens 8 a general convex lens (biconvex lens, single convex lens) can be used.
  • the calculation device 50 includes a conversion unit 23 and a calculation unit 51.
  • the conversion means 23 performs conversion processing when converting the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 to the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 and constitutes a part of the conversion means 20 described later.
  • the calculation means 51 stores the position data DL of the rope 1 obtained in synchronization with the data of the outer diameter value 1d (outer diameter value data D) together in the storage device.
  • the computing means 51 also performs a process of drawing a graph of the rope outer diameter value 1d with respect to the rope position from the data of the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (outer diameter value data D) and the position data DL.
  • the converting means 20 converts, for example, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 based on the ratio between the total light amount in the measurement range irradiated on the rope and the light amount received by the light receiving element 7, and the light receiving unit output process
  • the circuit 21 is composed of an AD converter 22 and a conversion means 23.
  • the rope position calculation means 30 receives the encoder 31 built in the rope conveyance means 90 and the pulse signal P from the encoder 31, and outputs position data DL.
  • the storage means (for example, a storage device such as a memory) 40 stores the outer diameter value data D and the position data DL. Moreover, the processing data (For example, the graph etc. which were obtained from the calculating means 51 of the calculating device 50 mentioned later) after processing those data are also memorize
  • the uniform light 2 from the uniformizing irradiation means 3 is irradiated to the traveling rope 1 after being shaped by the slit 15 and the uniform light 2 not shielded by the rope 1 is collected.
  • the light is condensed on the light receiving unit 6 by the lens 8 and the amount of light is measured.
  • the conversion means 20 the light amount is converted into the outer diameter value 1 d and stored in the storage device 40.
  • the rope position calculation means 30 specifies the position measured in the traveling rope 1 and stores it in the storage device 40. It is important that the data of the outer diameter value 1d (outer diameter value data D) and the position data DL are stored in the storage device 40 while being synchronized.
  • the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 reads the outer diameter value data D and the position data DL from the storage device 40, and plots the outer diameter value data D against the position data DL. Since the obtained graph reflects the characteristics of the outer diameter value 1d of the traveling rope 1, if there is an abnormality in the outer diameter, the abnormality is reflected in the graph and the abnormality can be found.
  • elongated openings S1 and S2 are formed in the slits 15 (151 and 152).
  • the openings S1, S2 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to the traveling direction DirR of the rope 1.
  • the width S11 of the opening S1 (the vertical dimension in the figure) is smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60 of the uniform light 2
  • the length S12 of the opening S1 ( The dimension in the horizontal direction in the drawing is larger than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60.
  • the width S21 of the opening S2 and the length S22 of the opening S2 are smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60.
  • 1-6 to 1-7 illustrate the uniform light 2 observed from the direction of the arrow B in FIG. 1-2A and the rope 1 that blocks a part of the uniform light 2. .
  • the width 63 of the shaped uniform light 2 is constant ( Fig. 1-6 (a)). Therefore, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 1-6 (a) and FIG. 1-6 (b), even if the rope 1 moves in the left-right direction within the measurement beam range 60, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 As long as does not change, the total area of the uniform light 2 not shielded by the rope 1 does not change.
  • the uniform light 2 outside the measurement beam range 60 may include non-uniform intensity, but the slit 151 does not have the intensity in the vertical direction of the uniform light 2. Shade uniform areas.
  • the width 63 of the uniform light 2 within the measurement beam range 60 after shaping is constant (FIG. 1-7). (A)). Therefore, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 1-7 (a) and FIG. 1-7 (b), even if the rope 1 moves in the left-right direction within the measurement beam range 60, the rope 1 was not shielded from light. The total area of the uniform light 2 does not change. That is, even if the rope 1 rolls and the position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam range 60 changes, the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 does not change. Note that, similarly to the slit 151, the slit 152 also shields a non-uniform intensity portion in the vertical direction of the uniform light 2.
  • the horizontally elongated beam after shaping is located outside at least one of the left and right ends and outside the measurement beam region 60.
  • Some uniform light 2 (including light with non-uniform intensity) is included.
  • the slit 152 since the length S22 of the opening S2 is smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60, all of the uniform light 2 outside the measurement beam region 60 can be blocked. Therefore, by passing through the slit 152, a rectangular beam having substantially uniform intensity can be obtained (FIG. 1-7). The intensity distribution of the obtained rectangular beam is shown in FIG.
  • the measurement accuracy of the rope inspection apparatus A is increased. Further, since scattered light from the optical system or the like included in the rope inspection apparatus A can be effectively blocked, the noise of the received light amount data obtained by the light receiving unit 6 can be reduced.
  • the uniform light 2 of the present invention is measured when the intensity is measured in a plane passing through the center line C (FIG. 1-2) of the rope 1 and perpendicular to the optical axis of the beam (the light traveling direction DirL).
  • the intensity distribution of the light within the measurement beam range 60 is substantially uniform.
  • substantially uniform means that the intensity distribution of the measurement beam 2M has a uniformity of 0 to ⁇ 10%.
  • the non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 has a Gaussian intensity distribution as shown in FIG. For this reason, when the rope 1 is irradiated with non-uniform light, when the rope 1 rolls, even if the area shielded by the rope 1 is the same, the light intensity of the shielded light changes greatly. Even if the beam is shaped by the slit 15, this change in beam intensity cannot be suppressed. On the other hand, if the beam (uniform light) 2 has a substantially uniform intensity distribution within the measurement beam range 60 as shown in FIG. The beam intensities applied are also approximately equal. Therefore, if the uniform light 2 is shaped by the slit 15, the measurement accuracy of the outer diameter value 1d can be increased even if the rope 1 rolls.
  • the influence (measurement error) on the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 that is finally calculated may cause the measurement accuracy of the light receiving element 7 and the light amount to It becomes smaller than the error in converting to the outer diameter value 1d. Therefore, in the present invention, uniform light 2 having an intensity distribution of 0 to ⁇ 10% in the measurement beam range 60 is preferable.
  • the measuring method is divided into steps 1 to 6, and the light amount measurement of the uniform light 2 after irradiating the rope 1 (step 1), the light amount is converted into the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (step 2), and the uniform light 2 is Acquisition of position data DL of the irradiated rope 1 (step 3), storage of outer diameter value 1d and position data DL (step 4), data analysis of outer diameter value 1d and position data DL (step 5), and analysis It consists of detecting the outer diameter abnormality of the rope 1 from the data (step 6).
  • Step 1 Measurement of light intensity
  • a rope inspection apparatus A is installed for the rope 1 to be measured.
  • the rope inspection apparatus A is fixed to a building or the like.
  • the rope 1 travels through the fixed rope inspection apparatus A at an arbitrary speed in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
  • the non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 is made into uniform light 2 through the uniformizing optical system 5, and shaped into a horizontally long shape or a rectangle through the slit 15 (FIGS. 1-6 and 1-7).
  • the shaped measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 is irradiated onto the rope 1 and a part thereof is shielded by the rope 1.
  • the measurement beam 2M that is not shielded travels through both sides of the rope 1 (FIG. 1-2).
  • the measurement beam 2M that is not shielded is condensed by the condenser lens 8 and enters the light receiving element 7.
  • the light receiving element 7 outputs a signal corresponding to the amount of light received.
  • the light shielding area increases, so the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 decreases.
  • the light shielding area decreases.
  • the amount of light received by the element 7 increases.
  • the silhouette of the running rope is reflected in the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7.
  • the uniformizing optical system 5 and the slit 15 are used, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 and the silhouette width of the rope 1 (the outer diameter value of the rope 1d) are linear. It becomes a relationship.
  • Step 2 Conversion to rope outer diameter value 1d
  • a signal from the light receiving element 7 (light receiving element 6) is input to the conversion means 20 (FIG. 1-1).
  • the conversion unit 20 includes a light receiving unit output processing circuit 21, an AD converter 22, and a conversion unit 23.
  • a signal (current value) from the light receiving element 7 is input to the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 and converted into a voltage signal (IV conversion). Further, filter processing for removing noise from the signal from the light receiving element 7 may be performed.
  • the voltage signal output from the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 is input to the AD converter 22 and converted into a digital signal.
  • the digital signal output from the AD converter 22 is input to the conversion means 23.
  • the conversion means 23 calculates a digital signal by a linear conversion formula (conversion function), and outputs data of the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (outer diameter value data D).
  • the conversion function is obtained by examining the relationship between the rope 1 having various outer diameter values 1d and the digital signal output from the AD converter 22 when the rope 1 is measured by the rope inspection device A in advance. Determined based on gender. Further, instead of the conversion function, a large number of conversion data (a plurality of sets of data indicating the correspondence of the outer diameter value 1d to the digital signal) can be held.
  • the conversion unit 23 refers to the conversion data and converts the input digital signal into corresponding outer diameter value data D.
  • the position data DL of the rope 1 is generated by the rope position calculation means 30 (FIG. 1-1).
  • the rope position calculation means 30 includes an encoder 31 built in the rope transport device 90 and a rope position calculation device 32.
  • the encoder 31 outputs a positive pulse signal P every time the rope conveyance device 90 conveys the rope 1 by a predetermined distance f (for example, 1 m) in a predetermined direction.
  • the rotary encoder outputs a pulse signal P every time the rope conveyance device 90 makes one rotation in the forward direction (for example, clockwise). Further, every time the rope transport device 90 makes one rotation in the reverse direction (for example, counterclockwise), the encoder 31 outputs a negative pulse signal -P.
  • the positive or negative pulse signals P and ⁇ P output from the encoder 31 are input to the rope position calculation device 32.
  • the rope position calculation device 32 sets the position data DL (initial value) of the rope 1 at the time of installation of the rope inspection device A to 0, and adds a predetermined distance f to the position data DL every time a positive pulse signal P is received. Every time the pulse signal -P is received, the predetermined distance f is subtracted to calculate the position data DL when the pulse signals P and -P are received.
  • the obtained position data DL is output from the rope position calculation device 32 and input to the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50. Since the position data DL is sampled at every predetermined distance f, the sampling time interval also changes when the transport speed of the rope 1 changes. That is, the sampling interval of the position data DL does not depend on time.
  • Step 4 Data storage
  • the outer diameter value data D (step 2) of the rope 1 output from the conversion means 23 of the calculation device 50 and the position data DL (step 3) output from the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 are stored in the storage device 40.
  • the outer diameter value data D and the position data DL stored at the same timing are stored while being associated (synchronized).
  • Step 5 by analyzing the data string stored in the storage device 40, the measurement position of the rope 1 at a certain time point and the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 at the measurement position are known. be able to. Since the number of data of the outer diameter value data D is larger than the number of data of the position data DL, only a part of the outer diameter value data D is associated with the position data DL.
  • Step 5 Data analysis
  • Two data strings (outer diameter value data D and position data DL) stored in the storage device 40 are subjected to data analysis by the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50, and finally the outside of the measurement position of the rope 1.
  • the diameter value 1d is plotted.
  • the appearance of the rope travel range is reproduced in the graph obtained by plotting. Since the actual rope 1 has irregularities on the surface, the irregularities also appear in the obtained graph. In order to fully understand the meaning of the graph, first, the rope 1 and the speed of the rope 1 during measurement will be described.
  • Measured rope 1 has a multilayer structure as shown in Fig. 1-8.
  • the rope illustrated in FIGS. 1-8 around the core steel 300, six inner layer strands 200 forming an inner layer are spirally wound.
  • ten outer layer strands 101 to 110 forming the outer layer are wound spirally.
  • the number of the inner layer strand 200 and the outer layer strands 101 to 110 can be changed.
  • a combination of winding directions (S twist, Z twist) of the inner layer strand 200 and the outer layer strands 101 to 110 can be arbitrarily selected.
  • FIG. 1-9 shows a rope 1 in which six outer layer strands 101 to 106 are twisted, and the same outer layer strand repeatedly appears every six in the longitudinal direction Dir2 (traveling direction DirR). I understand. The distance until the same strand appears is called “twist pitch T”. As can be seen from FIG. 1-9, since the outer layer strands 101 to 106 are spirally wound, fine irregularities are formed on the outer surface of the rope 1. Due to this fine unevenness, the outer diameter of the rope 1 also changes periodically.
  • the twist pitch T there is the following relationship between the number of fine irregularities, the twist pitch T, and the number of outer layer strands used.
  • the same number of recesses as the number of outer layer strands used are included (in FIG. 1-9, six outer layer strands and six recesses).
  • the same number of convex portions located at both ends of the twist pitch T is counted as 0.5, the same number of convex portions as the number of outer layer strands are included in the range of the twist pitch T (FIG. 1-9). Then, six outer layer strands and six convex portions are included).
  • the traveling speed of the rope 1 being measured is not constant. As shown in FIG. 1-10, the traveling speed is first accelerated (0 to ⁇ ), then becomes a constant speed ( ⁇ to ⁇ ), and finally decelerated. Stopped ( ⁇ - ⁇ ).
  • time-outer diameter graph In the “time-outer diameter graph” shown in FIG. 1-11, irregularities reflecting fine irregularities on the outer surface of the rope 1 are confirmed.
  • the unevenness of the time-outer diameter graph is not evenly spaced. Specifically, in the time-outer diameter graph, between 0 and ⁇ , the unevenness interval gradually narrows as the speed increases, and between ⁇ and ⁇ , the unevenness interval is uniform because the speed is constant. In the range between ⁇ and ⁇ , the interval between the irregularities gradually increases as the speed decreases.
  • the position data DL stored in synchronization with the outer diameter value data in “Step 4” is used to replace the horizontal axis of the time-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 1-11 with the position data DL.
  • the graph after replacement is shown in FIG. 1-12 (referred to as “position-outer diameter value graph”).
  • position-outer diameter value graph As is apparent from FIG. 1-12, the unevenness is equally spaced in the position-outer diameter value graph. That is, by plotting the outer diameter value data with respect to the position data DL, the interval between the irregularities of the graph does not depend on the speed of the rope 1 at the time of measurement and is always constant.
  • the position-outer diameter graph of FIG. 1-12 is obtained by analyzing the measurement data obtained by measuring the rope 1 illustrated in FIG. 1-9.
  • the twist pitch T and the twist pitch required on the graph are analyzed.
  • the number of irregularities contained in T coincided with the appearance of the rope 1 in FIG. 1-9.
  • the outer diameter value data of the rope 1 is plotted in FIG. 1-12, the protruding direction of the outer layer strand 102 is not reflected. Therefore, in the rope 1 having unevenness on both sides as shown in FIG. 1-6, the outer diameter value increase corresponding to the protrusion on the right side of the rope and the outer diameter value increase corresponding to the protrusion on the left side are the same. The increase is reflected in the graph of FIG. 1-12.
  • step 3 by acquiring the position data DL in step 3, it is possible to detect the outer diameter value data at the positions at regular intervals without being affected by the traveling speed of the rope 1.
  • Step 6 Detection of abnormal outer diameter
  • an abnormality in the outer diameter of the rope 1 occurs, there are a plurality of detection methods. Below, each detection method is demonstrated.
  • FIG. 1-13 shows a state in which the outer layer strand 102 of the rope 1 is loosened by cutting or the like.
  • the portion where the outer layer strand 102 protrudes has a larger outer diameter value 1d, so that a portion having a larger outer diameter value 1d appears each time the rope 1 advances T / 2.
  • FIG. 1-15 is a position-outer diameter graph obtained from the rope 1 (10 outer layer strands, 6 inner layer strands) of FIG. 1-8.
  • the twist pitch T of the outer layer strand is different from the twist pitch t of the inner layer strand.
  • FIG. 1-15 (a) is a graph obtained from the rope 1 having no abnormal outer diameter.
  • FIG. 1-15 (b) is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from the rope 1 in which one of the outer layer strands 101 to 110 has slackened.
  • FIG. 1-15 (c) is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from the rope 1 in which one of the inner layer strands 200 has slackened.
  • the inner layer strand 200 since the inner layer strand 200 is completely covered with the outer layer strand, it may be difficult to detect the slack of the inner layer strand 200 only by simple visual recognition.
  • FIG. 1-15 (c) the period of appearance of the high protrusions is long, the number of high protrusions (1 to 2), and the number of low protrusions (4 1 to 5) is different in that there is variation.
  • the difference between FIG. 1-15 (b) and FIG. 1-15 (c) is due to the internal structure of the rope 1, and details will be described later.
  • FIGS. 1-15 (b) and 1-15 (c) when uneven components having a period different from the strand period are generated in the longitudinal direction, it is effective to extract them by a spatial filter.
  • a spatial filter that passes a waveform of period T / 2 or t / 2 is prepared and an outer diameter value signal (solid line) is processed, a broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIGS. 1-15 (a) to (c) Is obtained.
  • the broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIG. 1-15 (b) is a waveform with a period T / 2
  • the broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIG. 1-15 (c) is a waveform with a period t / 2 (hereinafter referred to as “specific”).
  • Anomaly detection is possible by calculating the maximum value, amplitude, difference between the maximum value and minimum value of this waveform, and determining the threshold value.
  • a method of setting the threshold value a method of setting an absolute value in advance is conceivable.
  • ii) is divided into a plurality of sections, and these values do not protrude compared to other sections?
  • a method of determining abnormality by whether or not ii) a method of calculating an increase / decrease amount or a rate of increase / decrease for each section, and determining a threshold for these, or a method of determining by whether or not it protrudes compared with other sections Is also possible.
  • an outer diameter abnormality having periodicity can be detected by spatially filtering the position-outer diameter value graph. And with this detection means, it is possible to detect the slackness of the strand that is difficult to detect visually.
  • the calculation function for performing frequency extraction may be provided in the calculation device 50 (FIG. 1-1), or may be provided in a separately prepared calculation device. .
  • Fig. 1-16 illustrates the amplitude of multiple sections. From FIG. 1-16, it can be seen that the intervals 11 to 13 have a larger amplitude than the other intervals. Therefore, it can be seen that the outer diameter abnormality occurs in the sections 11 to 13.
  • the amplitude is used as a comparison between the sections. However, if the numerical value reflects the outer diameter abnormality (maximum value, difference between the maximum value and the minimum value, etc.), it should be used instead of the amplitude. Can do.
  • the arithmetic function for dividing the virtual section may be provided in the arithmetic device 50 (FIG. 1-1), or a separately prepared arithmetic device may be provided. You may prepare.
  • the calculation function may further have a function of comparing a total outer diameter value of each section and specifying a section having an outer diameter abnormality.
  • the specific band extraction waveform is virtually divided into a plurality of sections. Then, the amplitude ⁇ 1 of each section obtained at a certain time (for example, immediately after installation) and the amplitude ⁇ 2 of each section obtained at another time (for example, at the time of periodic inspection of the rope 1) are obtained.
  • the change with time in the amplitude of the same section (for example, section 1) can be obtained by “ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1”.
  • An example of the change over time of the amplitude thus obtained is shown in FIG. 1-17.
  • the sections 11 to 13 are larger than the amplitude value nor in the normal state. Further, even when the amplitude value nor in the normal state is unknown, it can be seen that the change over time in the amplitude is larger than in other sections. Therefore, it can be seen that the outer diameter change is larger in the sections 11 to 13 than the other sections (that is, the outer diameter abnormality has occurred).
  • the amplitude is used as a comparison at different time points, but any numerical value that reflects the outer diameter abnormality can be used instead of the amplitude.
  • the change over time of the amplitude is displayed as the difference in amplitude ( ⁇ 2- ⁇ 1), but instead of the difference, the change in amplitude (( ⁇ 2- ⁇ 1) / ⁇ 1) is displayed. Also good.
  • the initial variation can be canceled by dividing into a plurality of sections, measuring the amplitude of a section at two time points, and comparing the difference. Therefore, it is possible to detect only the outer diameter abnormality. In addition, when this detection method is used, the tendency of the outer diameter value to change with time can be monitored, which is useful when making an exchange plan for the rope 1.
  • the calculation function for the comparison (the calculation function of the second calculation means) is a calculation device. 50 (FIG. 1-1) may be provided, or an arithmetic device prepared separately may be provided.
  • the rope position calculation means 30 of the rope inspection apparatus A is composed of only the encoder 31 (not including the rope position calculation apparatus 32). Instead, the pulse signals P and -P output from the encoder 31 are used. This is different from the first embodiment in that it is input to the AD converter 22 of the conversion means 20 (FIG. 2-1).
  • the AD converter 22 used in the present embodiment one having a “sampling function” for outputting digital data when a sampling signal is received is used.
  • the pulse signals P and -P from the encoder 31 are used as sampling signals input to the AD converter 22. That is, in the present embodiment, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 is sampled at the timing when the rope 1 is transported by a certain transport distance f.
  • Step 2 Conversion to rope outer diameter value
  • the output timing of the digital signal output from the AD converter 22 is different from that in the first embodiment.
  • the digital signal from the AD converter 22 is continuously output.
  • a digital signal is output from the AD converter 22 only when the pulse signals P and ⁇ P are input from the encoder 31. Therefore, “a digital signal has been output” means that the rope 1 has been conveyed by a predetermined distance f since the previous digital signal was output.
  • the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 converted from the digital signal is also the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 for each predetermined distance f.
  • Step 3 Acquisition of rope position data
  • the rope position calculation means 30 is composed only of the encoder 31 and that the pulse signal P output from the encoder 31 is input to the AD converter 22 (FIG. 2). -1). Therefore, in step 3, the position data DL cannot be obtained.
  • Step 4 Data storage
  • the data stored in the storage device 40 is only the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 and is different from the first embodiment (position data DL is not stored). Further, since the outer diameter value data D is output only when a sampling signal is input, the number of outer diameter value data D stored in the storage device 40 is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Less.
  • Step 5 Data analysis
  • the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that there is no position data DL to serve as a reference for the horizontal axis of the position-outer diameter value graph.
  • the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 is obtained at a timing when the rope 1 is conveyed by a predetermined distance f. Therefore, if the outer diameter value data D are arranged at equal intervals so that the distance in the horizontal axis direction of the outer diameter value data D is the predetermined distance f, a graph reflecting the actual appearance of the rope 1 can be plotted. Yes ( Figure 2-2).
  • the digital signal is sampled at the timing when the pulse signal of the encoder 31 is output, the number of data of the outer diameter value data D can be reduced and the storage device 40 can be used efficiently. Further, since the rope position calculation device 32 is not required, the rope inspection device A can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
  • the rope inspection apparatus A does not include the encoder 31 and the rope position calculation device 32, but instead the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 also functions as the rope position calculation means 30. 2 (FIG. 3-1).
  • Step 3 Acquisition of rope position data
  • This embodiment does not include the rope position calculation means 30 (FIG. 3-1). Therefore, step 3 is not included and position data DL cannot be obtained.
  • Step 4 Data storage
  • the data stored in the storage device 40 is only the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 and is different from the first embodiment (position data DL is not stored).
  • Step 5 Data analysis
  • the data analysis method is significantly different from those in the first and second embodiments.
  • the number (n) of outer layer strands of the rope 1 measured and the twist pitch T of the outer layer strands are examined in advance.
  • a time-outer diameter graph is plotted by the computing means 51 of the computing device 50 (FIG. 3-2). Since the rope 1 was run under the conditions shown in FIG. 1-10 at the time of measurement, the irregularities in the time-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 3-2 are not evenly spaced.
  • the tops (peaks and valleys) of the irregularities are extracted (FIG. 3-3).
  • the obtained graph of FIG. 3-3 is characterized by the characteristics of the graph obtained from the first embodiment (1)
  • the peaks and valleys are arranged at equal intervals, and (2) the twist pitch T of the outer layer strand is within the range.
  • replotting is performed so as to realize both of n that there are n peaks and valleys.
  • this replot is to make the unevenness of the graph of FIG. 3-3 correspond to the unevenness of the surface of the rope 1.
  • a position-outer diameter value graph as shown in FIG. 3-4 can be obtained.
  • the time-outer diameter value graph is replotted to the position-outer diameter value graph using the knowledge obtained in the first embodiment, so that the encoder 31 and the rope position calculating device 32 are It becomes unnecessary. Therefore, simplification and cost reduction of the rope inspection apparatus A can be achieved. Further, since it is not necessary to store the position data DL in the storage device 40, the storage device 40 can be used efficiently. Further, even when a deviation occurs between the pulse signal P from the encoder 31 and the actual rope transport distance due to the elongation or slip of the rope, the present embodiment does not use the pulse signal P. Unaffected by such misalignment. Therefore, an accurate rope position can always be confirmed.
  • the rope position calculation means in the present embodiment determines the position of the outer diameter value 1d by associating the unevenness of the graph of FIG. 51 ".
  • Step 1 Measurement of light intensity
  • the non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 passes through the homogenizing optical system 5 to become uniform light 2 having a substantially uniform intensity, and is shaped into a horizontally long shape or a rectangle through the slit 15.
  • the shaped measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 is irradiated onto the rope 1. A part of the measurement beam 2M is shielded by the rope 1. The measurement beam 2M that is not shielded travels through both sides of the rope 1 (FIG. 4-1).
  • the measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 that is not shielded is split into two by the rope 1 (split light 2L, 2R).
  • the divided lights 2L and 2R are condensed by the two condenser lenses 8L and 8R and enter the two light receiving elements 7L and 7R.
  • the two light receiving elements 7L and 7R output signals corresponding to the light amounts of the received split lights 2L and 2R. Signals output from the two light receiving elements (left light receiving element 7L and right light receiving element 7R) are added and input to one light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 (FIG. 4-2).
  • one condenser lens 8 having a large diameter as shown in FIG. 1-2 can be replaced with two condenser lenses having a small diameter as shown in FIG. 4-2. Therefore, the rope inspection apparatus A can be reduced in size.
  • step 5 ′: data analysis 2” and “step 5 ′′: data analysis 3”) are performed. It differs in that it includes.
  • Step 5 ' Data analysis 2
  • the two data strings (L, R) input from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R to the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 are separately converted into digital data by the AD converter 22.
  • the two digital data (L, R) are converted into outputs from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R and the converted values are plotted with respect to the time axis, graphs as shown in FIGS. 5-2 (a) to (b) are obtained. It is done.
  • the left split light 2L passing through the left side of the rope 1 is more than the right split light 2R passing through the right side of the rope 1 It means that it is increasing.
  • the light receiving amount of the left light receiving element 7L is small, and the light receiving amount of the right light receiving element 7R is large. This means that the rope 1 is shifted to the left side from the center of the uniform light 2, and the left split light 2L passing through the left side of the rope 1 is less than the right split light 2R passing through the right side of the rope 1. is doing.
  • Fig. 5-2 (c) is obtained when the horizontal position of the rope 1 is obtained from the results of Figs. 5-2 (a) and 5-2 (b) and plotted against time. From FIG. 5-2 (c), it can be seen that the rope 1 periodically rolls.
  • the rolling frequency of the rope 1 obtained from FIG. 5-2 (c) is closely related to the tension of the rope 1. Therefore, the tension abnormality of the rope 1 can be detected by comparing the rolling frequency of the rope 1 at a certain point of time with the rolling frequency of the rope 1 in a normal tension state.
  • the frequency (this is referred to as “fundamental frequency”) when ropes 1 of various lengths are attached with normal tension is calculated in advance. Then, the rolling vibration frequency is obtained from the graph of FIG. 5-2 (c), and the length of the rope 1 at that time is calculated from the position data DL of the rope 1. The basic frequency in the length of the rope 1 is compared with the vibration frequency of the roll, and if they are different, it is determined that the tension is abnormal.
  • the amplitude of the rope 1 can be obtained from FIG. 5-2 (c). If the obtained amplitude exceeds the allowable range in design, it is determined that the amplitude is abnormal.
  • the rope position fluctuates left and right (horizontal) as shown in FIG. 5-2 (c). You can know that it is shaking. Further, it is possible to know the degree of roll of the rope 1 from the amount of change in the light quantity of the left and right divided lights 2L and 2R. Furthermore, the tension abnormality applied to the rope 1 can be detected from the rolling frequency of the rope 1.
  • Step 5 ′′ Data analysis 3
  • the two digital data (L, R) obtained in step 5 ′ are input to the arithmetic unit 50 (FIG. 5-1).
  • the computing means 51 of the computing device 50 averages each digital data (L, R) to calculate two average values (L, R).
  • the two average values (L, R) obtained are converted into outputs from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R and stored in the storage device 40.
  • the average value of the amount of light received by the left light receiving element 7L is ave (L) in FIG.
  • the average value of the amount of light received by the right light receiving element 7R is ave (R) in FIG.
  • the average values ave (L) and ave (R) serve as an index for knowing whether the positional relationship between the rope 1 and the rope inspection apparatus A is appropriate. Further, in order to examine the change in the positional relationship between the rope 1 and the rope inspection apparatus A with time, the average values ave (L) and ave (R) of the light amount calculated in the past and the average value of the light amount at different time points are used. What is necessary is just to compare ave (L) and ave (R).
  • the arithmetic function (the arithmetic function of the fourth arithmetic means) for obtaining the average values ave (L) and ave (R) of the light amount and comparing them with past data is provided in the arithmetic device.
  • FIG. 50 FIG. 5-1
  • an arithmetic device prepared separately may have the arithmetic function.
  • the uniform light 2 shaped by the slit 15 is used.
  • the uniform light 2 that is not shaped can also be used.
  • the total area of the measurement beam 2M that is not shielded by the rope 1 is as shown in FIG. larger than a).
  • the total area of the measurement beam 2M not shielded by the rope 1 is larger in FIG. 6-2 (b) than in FIG. 6-2 (a). Therefore, when the rope 1 rolls and the position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam 2M changes, the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 varies. Therefore, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 cannot be obtained by a simple conversion process as in the first to fifth embodiments.
  • the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 can be obtained by using a data table for obtaining the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1.
  • the rope inspection apparatus A for inspecting one rope 1 has been described in detail. If inspection of a plurality of ropes 1 is necessary, the same number of uniform light irradiation means 3, light receiving units 6, and light receiving unit output processing circuits 21 are prepared as the number of ropes 1 and installed on each rope 1. Then, the voltage signals from the plurality of light receiving unit output processing circuits 21 may be connected to one AD converter 22.
  • the uniform light 2 is shown as parallel uniform light from the homogenizing optical system 5 to the condensing lens 8. It is also possible to use non-parallel uniform light 2 in which the measurement beam 2M expands toward 8. In the case of the non-parallel uniform light 2, the uniformizing optical system 5 is adjusted so that the intensity of the measurement beam 2M is uniform in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the measurement beam 2M and passing through the center line C of the rope 1. . Therefore, in an application where the rope 1 does not deviate from the plane, the non-parallel uniform light 2 can be used.
  • the intensity of the measurement beam 2 ⁇ / b> M in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the measurement beam 2 ⁇ / b> M is substantially uniform between the uniformizing optical system 5 and the condenser lens 8. Therefore, even if the rope 1 rolls in the optical axis direction of the measurement beam 2M (ray traveling direction DirL) (left-right direction in FIG. 1-2), the uniformity of the measurement beam 2M irradiated on the rope 1 does not change. There is an advantage that.

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Abstract

Provided is a rope inspection device capable of suppressing the fluctuation in the amount of light received on an optical receiver due to the rolling of a rope. A rope inspection device (A) is provided with a light irradiation means (3) which emits a light beam (2) in order to irradiate the light beam (2) onto a traveling rope (1) such that the width of the light beam (2) in a first direction (Dir 1) which is orthogonal to the light axis of the light beam (2) and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope (1) is larger than the sum of the maximum outer diameter of the rope (1) and the width by which the rope (1), when traveling, moves in the first direction (Dir 1); an optical receiving means (6) which is disposed opposite the light irradiation means (3) sandwiching the rope (1) therebetween and which detects the amount of light of the light beam (2); and a converting means (20) which converts the amount of light detected by the optical receiving means (6) to the outer diameter value (1d) of the rope (1); wherein the intensity of the light beam (2) is substantially uniform in the plane orthogonal to the traveling direction (Dir L) of the light beam (2) and within the range where the rope (1) is irradiated.

Description

ロープ検査装置Rope inspection equipment
　本発明は、走行中のロープに光線を照射し、ロープを挟んで対向する受光手段で検出した受光量から外径値を求めて、外径異常を検出するためのロープ検査装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a rope inspection device for detecting an outer diameter abnormality by irradiating a running rope with a light beam, obtaining an outer diameter value from the amount of received light detected by a light receiving means opposed across the rope. .
　ロープ（例えばワイヤロープ）の外径異常を検出するために、ロープを挟んで対向する位置に配置した投光器と受光器を用いた診断装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１）。特許文献１の診断装置では、投光部から発した光ビームをワイヤロープによって部分的に遮光し、遮光されなかった光ビームを受光部で受光して、その受光量を周波数分析して求めた周波数スペクトルからワイヤロープの外径異常（素線切れ、摩耗・形くずれ、伸び）を診断している。
特開平１１－３２５８４１号公報 In order to detect an abnormality in the outer diameter of a rope (for example, a wire rope), a diagnostic apparatus using a projector and a light receiver disposed at positions facing each other across the rope is known (for example, Patent Document 1). In the diagnostic apparatus of Patent Document 1, the light beam emitted from the light projecting unit is partially shielded by the wire rope, the light beam not shielded is received by the light receiving unit, and the amount of received light is obtained by frequency analysis. Diagnose wire rope outer diameter abnormalities (wire breakage, wear / deformation, elongation) from the frequency spectrum.
JP-A-11-325841
　通常、走行中のロープは走行方向に対して垂直な方向に振動する（いわゆる「横揺れ」）。またＬＥＤ光源などにより照射される光の強度は不均一である。よって、（１）ロープ外径に対して出力を線形に換算できない、（２）ロープ揺れによって出力が変化する、という問題があった。
　特許文献１のような技術を、ロープが横揺れするエレベータなどに適用しようとすると、上記のような問題があるため、適用は困難であった。 Normally, a traveling rope vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction (so-called “rolling”). In addition, the intensity of light emitted from an LED light source or the like is not uniform. Therefore, there are problems that (1) the output cannot be converted linearly with respect to the outer diameter of the rope, and (2) the output changes due to the rope swing.
When the technique such as Patent Document 1 is applied to an elevator or the like in which the rope rolls, it is difficult to apply the technique because of the problems described above.
　そこで、本発明は、受光器の受光量をロープ外径に換算する際に線形の換算式によって換算でき、また、ロープの横揺れによる受光器の受光量の変動を抑制できるロープ検査装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention provides a rope inspection device that can convert the amount of light received by the light receiver into a rope outer diameter using a linear conversion formula and can suppress fluctuations in the amount of light received by the light receiver due to the roll of the rope. The purpose is to do.
　本発明は、走行するロープに光線を照射するために、前記光線の光軸と直交し且つ前記ロープの走行方向と直交する第１の方向における前記光線の幅が、前記ロープの最大外径値と前記ロープが走行中に第１の方向に移動する幅とを加算した値より大きい前記光線を出射する光照射手段と、前記ロープを挟んで前記光照射手段と対向して配置され、前記光線の光量を検出する受光手段と、前記受光手段で検出された前記光量を前記ロープの外径値に変換する変換手段と、を含むロープ検査装置であって、前記光線の強度は、前記光線の進行方向に対して垂直な面内で、且つ前記ロープに照射される範囲内では略均一であることを特徴とする。 In the present invention, in order to irradiate a traveling rope with a light beam, the width of the light beam in a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the light beam and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is a maximum outer diameter value of the rope. And a light irradiating means for emitting the light beam larger than a value obtained by adding the width of the rope moving in the first direction while traveling, and the light irradiating means arranged opposite to the light irradiating means across the rope. A light-inspecting device that detects the amount of light, and a conversion unit that converts the light amount detected by the light-receiving unit into an outer diameter value of the rope. It is characterized by being substantially uniform within a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction and within a range irradiated on the rope.
　ここで、ロープに照射される範囲（以下「測定ビーム範囲」と称する）とは、ロープの外径値を測定する際に用いられるビームの範囲である。測定ビーム範囲の寸法のうち、第１の方向（前記光線の光軸と、前記ロープの走行方向とのいずれとも直交する方向）における寸法（これを「光線の幅」と称する）は、前記ロープの最大外径値と前記ロープが走行中に第１の方向に移動する幅（ロープの横揺れによる移動量）とを加算した値より大きくされている。つまり、光線の幅は、ロープの最大外径値より大きいだけでなく、ロープが横揺れした場合でもロープが測定ビーム範囲から外れないように設定されている。
　また、「ロープの最大外径値」とは、光線（ビーム）を遮光するロープの外径値のうち、最大の値のことである。 Here, the range irradiated on the rope (hereinafter referred to as “measurement beam range”) is a beam range used when measuring the outer diameter value of the rope. Of the dimensions of the measurement beam range, the dimension in the first direction (the direction orthogonal to both the optical axis of the light beam and the traveling direction of the rope) (referred to as the “light beam width”) is the rope And the width of the rope moving in the first direction during travel (the amount of movement due to the roll of the rope) is made larger than the value obtained by adding the maximum outer diameter value. That is, the width of the light beam is set not only to be larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope, but also to prevent the rope from falling out of the measurement beam range even when the rope rolls.
Further, the “maximum outer diameter value of the rope” is the maximum value among the outer diameter values of the rope that blocks the light beam.
　本発明では、測定ビーム範囲内の光線の強度分布が略均一であるので、受光手段での受光量とロープの外径との関係が略線形の関係になる。よって、受光器の受光量をロープの外径に換算する際に、比較的簡単な線形の換算式で換算することができる。
　また、本発明では、測定ビーム範囲内の光線の強度分布が略均一であるので、光線内におけるロープの位置が変化した場合でも、同じ外径を有するロープであれば、受光手段での受光量の変動が少ない。 In the present invention, since the intensity distribution of the light beam within the measurement beam range is substantially uniform, the relationship between the amount of light received by the light receiving means and the outer diameter of the rope is a substantially linear relationship. Therefore, when converting the amount of light received by the light receiver to the outer diameter of the rope, it can be converted by a relatively simple linear conversion formula.
In the present invention, since the intensity distribution of the light beam within the measurement beam range is substantially uniform, the amount of light received by the light receiving means is not limited as long as the rope has the same outer diameter even when the position of the rope within the light beam changes. There are few fluctuations.
　本発明によれば、受光器の受光量をロープ外径に換算する際に線形の換算式によって換算できると共に、ロープの横揺れによって受光手段での受光量の変動を抑制できるロープ検査装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, there is provided a rope inspection apparatus that can convert the amount of light received by a light receiver into a rope outer diameter by a linear conversion formula and can suppress fluctuations in the amount of light received by a light receiving means due to the roll of the rope. can do.
本発明の実施の形態１におけるロープ検査装置による検出手順を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態１におけるロープ検査装置の光源から受光部までを、ロープの走行方向（長手方向）と垂直な面で切断したときの概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing when cut | disconnecting from the light source of the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention to the light-receiving part by the surface perpendicular | vertical to the traveling direction (longitudinal direction) of a rope. 図１－２の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの、均一光と測定ビーム範囲とを示す概略図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing uniform light and a measurement beam range when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2. （ａ）は、図１－２のＸ－Ｘ線（均一化光学系より上流側）における光線の強度分布であり、（ｂ）は、図１－２及び図１－３のＹ－Ｙ線（均一化光学系より下流側で、スリットより上流側）における光線の強度分布であり、（ｃ）は、図１－２及び図１－７のＺ－Ｚ線（スリットより下流側）における光線の強度分布である。(A) is an intensity distribution of light rays in the XX line (upstream side of the homogenizing optical system) in FIG. 1-2, and (b) is a YY line in FIGS. 1-2 and 1-3. (C) is a ray distribution at the ZZ line (downstream side of the slit) in FIGS. 1-2 and 1-7. Intensity distribution. 本実施の形態で使用されるスリットの正面図である（ａ、ｂ）。It is a front view of the slit used by this Embodiment (a, b). 図１－２の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの、横長形状に整形したビームとロープとの位置関係を示す概略図である（ａ、ｂ）。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a beam shaped into a horizontally long shape and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 (a, b). 図１－２の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの、長方形に整形したビームとロープとの位置関係を示す概略図である（ａ、ｂ）。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a beam shaped into a rectangle and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 (a, b). ロープの概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing of a rope. ロープの外観を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows the external appearance of a rope. ロープが加速しながら走行し（０～α）、その後一定速度となり（α～β）、最後に減速しながら停止した（β～γ）場合のロープの計測位置を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing the measured position of the rope when the rope travels while accelerating (0 to α), then reaches a constant speed (α to β), and finally stops while decelerating (β to γ). 本発明の実施の形態１において、図１－１０のように走行したロープをロープ検査装置で検査して得られた外径値データを、時間軸に対してプロットしたグラフ（時間－外径値グラフ）である。In Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a graph (time-outer diameter value) plotting the outer diameter value data obtained by inspecting a rope traveling as shown in FIG. Graph). 図１－１１で用いた外径値データを、位置データに対してプロットしたグラフ（位置－外径値グラフ）である。12 is a graph (position-outer diameter value graph) in which the outer diameter value data used in FIG. 1-11 is plotted against position data. 外径異常が生じたロープの外観を示す概略正面図である。It is a schematic front view which shows the external appearance of the rope which the outer diameter abnormality produced. 図１－１３のロープの検査結果から得られた位置－外径値グラフである。It is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from the inspection result of the rope of FIG. 1-13. 図１－８のような内部構造を有するロープの検査結果から得られた位置－外径値グラフである。（ａ）は外径異常のないロープの位置－外径値グラフであり、（ｂ）は外層ストランドが緩んだロープの位置－外径値グラフであり、（ｃ）は内層ストランドが緩んだロープの位置－外径値グラフである。FIG. 9 is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from a test result of a rope having an internal structure as shown in FIG. 1-8. (A) is a rope position-outer diameter value graph with no abnormal outer diameter, (b) is a rope position-outer diameter value graph with loose outer layer strands, and (c) is a rope with inner layer strands loosened. Is a position-outer diameter value graph. 本発明の実施形態１において、各区間における総外径値を表したグラフである。In Embodiment 1 of this invention, it is the graph showing the total outer diameter value in each area. 本発明の実施形態１において、同一区間における総外径値の経時変化を表したグラフである。In Embodiment 1 of this invention, it is a graph showing the time-dependent change of the total outer diameter value in the same area. 本発明の実施の形態２におけるロープ検査装置による検出手順を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態２において、外径値データを、位置データに対してプロットしたグラフ（位置－外径値グラフ）である。In Embodiment 2 of this invention, it is the graph (position-outer diameter value graph) which plotted the outer diameter value data with respect to position data. 本発明の実施の形態３におけるロープ検査装置による検出手順を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態３において、図１－８のように走行したロープをロープ検査装置で検査して得られた外径値データを、時間軸に対してプロットしたグラフ（時間－外径値グラフ）である。In Embodiment 3 of the present invention, a graph (time-outer diameter value) in which outer diameter value data obtained by inspecting a rope traveling as shown in FIG. Graph). 図３－２の時間－外径値グラフからの凹凸の頂部（山と谷）の抽出を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating extraction of the peak part (mountain and valley) of the unevenness | corrugation from the time-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 3-2. 図３－２で用いた外径値データを、凹凸の頂部（山と谷）の位置に基づいて再プロットしたグラフ（位置－外径値グラフ）である。FIG. 3 is a graph (position-outer diameter value graph) in which the outer diameter value data used in FIG. 3B is replotted based on the positions of the tops and valleys of the unevenness. 本発明の実施の形態４におけるロープ検査装置の光源から受光部までを、ロープの走行方向（長手方向）と垂直な面で切断したときの概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing when the light source of the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 4 of this invention to a light-receiving part is cut | disconnected by the surface perpendicular | vertical to the running direction (longitudinal direction) of a rope. 本発明の実施の形態４におけるロープ検査装置による検出手順を説明する模式図の一部である。It is a part of schematic diagram explaining the detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 4 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態５におけるロープ検査装置による検出手順を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 5 of this invention. （ａ）は、左側受光素子からの出力を時間に対してプロットしたグラフであり、（ｂ）は、右側受光素子からの出力を時間に対してプロットしたグラフであり、（ｃ）は、ロープの基準位置からのずれを時間に対してプロットしたグラフである。(A) is a graph in which the output from the left light receiving element is plotted against time, (b) is a graph in which the output from the right light receiving element is plotted against time, and (c) is a rope. It is the graph which plotted the shift | offset | difference from reference | standard position with respect to time. 本発明の実施の形態５におけるロープ検査装置の光源から受光部までを、ロープの走行方向（長手方向）と垂直な面で切断したときの概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing when cut | disconnecting from the light source of the rope inspection apparatus in Embodiment 5 of this invention to the light-receiving part by the surface perpendicular | vertical to the running direction (longitudinal direction) of a rope. 本発明の実施の形態６におけるロープ検査装置について、図１－２の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの、円形のビームとロープとの位置関係を示す概略図である（ａ、ｂ）。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a positional relationship between a circular beam and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 for the rope inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention (a, b). 本発明の実施の形態６におけるロープ検査装置について、図１－２の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの、楕円形のビームとロープとの位置関係を示す概略図である（ａ、ｂ）。FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between an elliptical beam and a rope when observed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1-2 for the rope inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention (a, b).
　Ａ　ロープ検査装置、１　ロープ、２　均一光、２Ｍ　測定ビーム、３　光照射手段（均一光照射手段）、４　光源、５　均一化光学系、６　受光手段（受光部）、６Ｌ　左側受光部、６Ｒ　右側受光部、７　受光素子、７Ｌ　左側受光素子、７Ｒ　右側受光素子、８　集光レンズ、８Ｌ　左側集光レンズ、８Ｒ　右側集光レンズ、１５　スリット、Ｓ　開口部、２０　変換手段、２１　受光部出力処理回路、２２　ＡＤ変換器、２３　換算手段、３０　ロープ位置算出手段、３１　エンコーダ、３２　ロープ位置算出装置、４０　記憶手段（記憶装置）、５０　演算装置、５１　演算手段、６０　測定ビーム範囲、９０　ロープ搬送手段、Ｃ　ロープの中心線、ＤＬ　位置データ、Ｐ　パルス信号、Ｄｉｒ１　第１の方向、Ｄｉｒ２　長手方向、ＤｉｒＬ　光線の進行方向、ＤｉｒＲ　ロープ１の走行方向、ｅｘｔ　抽出グラフ、ｎｏｒ　正常時の振幅の値。 A rope inspection device, 1 rope, 2 uniform light, 2M measurement beam, 3 light irradiation means (uniform light irradiation means), 4 light sources, 5 uniformizing optical system, 6 light receiving means (light receiving part), 6L left light receiving part, 6R Right light receiving part, 7 light receiving element, 7L left light receiving element, 7R right light receiving element, 8 condensing lens, 8L left condensing lens, 8R right condensing lens, 15 slit, S opening, 20 conversion means, 21 light receiving part output Processing circuit, 22 AD converter, 23 conversion means, 30 rope position calculation means, 31 encoder, 32 rope position calculation device, 40 storage means (storage device), 50 calculation device, 51 calculation means, 60 measurement beam range, 90 rope Conveyance means, C rope center line, DL position data, P pulse signal, Dir1 first direction, Dir2 length Direction, the traveling direction of DirL light, the traveling direction of DirR rope 1, ext extracted graph, the amplitude value at nor normal.
　以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明では、必要に応じて特定の方向や位置を示す用語（例えば、「上」、「下」、「右」、「左」及び、それらの用語を含む別の用語）を用いる。それらの用語の使用は図面を参照した発明の理解を容易にするためであって、それらの用語の意味によって本発明の技術的範囲が限定されるものではない。また、複数の図面に表れる同一符号の部分は同一の部分又は部材を示す。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, terms indicating specific directions and positions (for example, “up”, “down”, “right”, “left” and other terms including those terms) are used as necessary. . The use of these terms is to facilitate understanding of the invention with reference to the drawings, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the meaning of these terms. Moreover, the part of the same code | symbol which appears in several drawing shows the same part or member.
＜実施の形態１＞
　図１－１に、実施の形態１におけるロープ検査装置Ａによる検出手順を説明する模式図を示す。また、図１－２に、本発明の実施の形態１におけるロープ検査装置Ａの光源４から受光手段（受光部）６までを、ロープ１の走行方向に対して垂直な面で切断したときの概略断面を示す。図１－２では、ロープ１は紙面と垂直な方向に伸びており、そしてロープ１の長手方向に走行する。
　ロープ検査装置Ａは、光照射手段（均一光照射手段）３、スリット１５、受光手段（受光部）６、変換手段２０、ロープ位置算出手段３０、記憶手段４０を含んでいる。 <Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1-1 shows a schematic diagram for explaining a detection procedure by the rope inspection apparatus A in the first embodiment. Also, FIG. 1-2 illustrates a case where the light source 4 to the light receiving means (light receiving unit) 6 of the rope inspection apparatus A in Embodiment 1 of the present invention are cut along a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the rope 1. A schematic cross section is shown. In FIG. 1-2, the rope 1 extends in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface and travels in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1.
The rope inspection apparatus A includes a light irradiation unit (uniform light irradiation unit) 3, a slit 15, a light receiving unit (light receiving unit) 6, a conversion unit 20, a rope position calculation unit 30, and a storage unit 40.
　均一光照射手段３は、光線（ビーム）を、走行するロープ１に照射するためのものである。ビームは、その光軸と直交し、且つロープの走行方向に対して直交する方向（第１の方向Ｄｉｒ１）における幅が、前記ロープの最大外径値より大きい。均一光照射手段３は、第１の方向Ｄｉｒ１における幅が少なくともロープ１の最大外径値より大きい測定ビーム範囲６０（図１－３参照）の範囲内で、略均一な強度を有するビーム（均一光２）を射出する。 The uniform light irradiation means 3 is for irradiating the traveling rope 1 with a light beam. The width of the beam in a direction (first direction Dir1) orthogonal to the optical axis and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope. The uniform light irradiation means 3 is a beam having a substantially uniform intensity within a measurement beam range 60 (see FIG. 1-3) whose width in the first direction Dir1 is at least larger than the maximum outer diameter value of the rope 1 (uniform 1). Light 2) is emitted.
　均一光照射手段３は、例えば、光軸から離れるにしたがって強度が低くなるような不均一な強度分布を有する不均一光（図１－４（ａ））を射出する光源４と、その不均一光を、少なくとも測定ビーム範囲６０にわたって強度を略均一にするための均一化光学系５と、から構成される（図１－２）。図１－４（ｂ）に示すように、均一光２は、測定ビーム範囲６０の範囲内の強度が略均一である。 The uniform light irradiating means 3 includes, for example, a light source 4 that emits non-uniform light (FIG. 1-4 (a)) having non-uniform intensity distribution such that the intensity decreases as the distance from the optical axis increases. The light is composed of a homogenizing optical system 5 for making the intensity substantially uniform over at least the measurement beam range 60 (FIG. 1-2). As shown in FIG. 1-4B, the uniform light 2 has a substantially uniform intensity within the measurement beam range 60.
　測定ビーム範囲６０は、均一光２のうちでロープ１の外径測定に利用される均一光（「測定ビーム２Ｍ」と称する）の範囲のことである。測定ビーム範囲６０の第１の方向Ｄｉｒ１における幅（横幅６１：図１－３）は、ロープ１の最大外径値、ロープ１の横揺れの振幅及び測定精度を考慮して、前記ロープ全体に照射されるように設定される。横幅６１は、例えばロープ１の外径１ｄの１０倍以上（例えば１０～２０倍程度）に設定される。 The measurement beam range 60 is a range of uniform light (referred to as “measurement beam 2M”) used for measuring the outer diameter of the rope 1 in the uniform light 2. The width of the measurement beam range 60 in the first direction Dir1 (lateral width 61: FIG. 1-3) is determined by considering the maximum outer diameter value of the rope 1, the amplitude of the roll of the rope 1, and the measurement accuracy. It is set to be irradiated. The lateral width 61 is set to, for example, 10 times or more (for example, about 10 to 20 times) the outer diameter 1d of the rope 1.
　なお、強度分布が均一な均一光２を射出する光源４を使用すれば、均一化光学系５を使用せずに、光源４のみから均一光照射手段３を構成することもできる。本明細書では、主に、光源４と均一化光学系５とを含む均一光照射手段３について説明するが、いずれの例示でも、光源４のみから成る均一光照射手段３と交換可能である。 If the light source 4 that emits the uniform light 2 having a uniform intensity distribution is used, the uniform light irradiating means 3 can be configured only from the light source 4 without using the uniformizing optical system 5. In the present specification, the uniform light irradiation means 3 including the light source 4 and the uniformizing optical system 5 will be mainly described. However, in any example, the uniform light irradiation means 3 including only the light source 4 can be replaced.
　光源４としては、様々な周知の光源が利用でき、例えば発光ダイオードや半導体レーザなどが好適である。
　均一化光学系５としては、例えば、ケーラー照明系の光学系が挙げられる。ケーラー照明系は、光源４からの不均一光を、複数枚のレンズによって均一光とするものである。なお、均一光２を照射できる光源４（例えば、平行光発光ダイオード）を使用する場合には、均一化光学系５を省略することができる。 As the light source 4, various known light sources can be used. For example, a light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser is preferable.
Examples of the homogenizing optical system 5 include a Koehler illumination optical system. In the Kohler illumination system, non-uniform light from the light source 4 is converted into uniform light by a plurality of lenses. In addition, when using the light source 4 (for example, parallel light emitting diode) which can irradiate the uniform light 2, the uniformization optical system 5 can be abbreviate | omitted.
　スリット１５は、ロープ１の走行方向ＤｉｒＲ（「上下方向」とする）における均一光２の縦方向幅が一定になるように、均一光２の一部を遮光する。均一光２（特に、測定ビーム２Ｍ）の上下部分をスリット１５によって遮光して、測定ビーム２Ｍを、上下方向の幅が一定な横長ビーム形状に整形する。
　この横長の測定ビーム２Ｍがロープ１に照射されて、ロープ１がその一部を遮光するとき、ロープ１によって遮光される面積は、「ロープ１の外径×測定ビーム２Ｍの幅」で求めることができる。測定ビーム２Ｍの幅が一定なので、この遮光面積も一定になる。よって、ロープ１が横揺れしたとしても、遮光面積は変動しない。 The slit 15 blocks a part of the uniform light 2 so that the vertical width of the uniform light 2 in the traveling direction DirR (referred to as “vertical direction”) of the rope 1 is constant. The upper and lower portions of the uniform light 2 (especially the measurement beam 2M) are shielded by the slits 15, and the measurement beam 2M is shaped into a horizontally long beam shape having a constant vertical width.
When the horizontally long measuring beam 2M is irradiated onto the rope 1 and the rope 1 shields a part of the rope 1, the area shielded by the rope 1 is obtained by “the outer diameter of the rope 1 × the width of the measuring beam 2M”. Can do. Since the width of the measurement beam 2M is constant, this light shielding area is also constant. Therefore, even if the rope 1 rolls, the light shielding area does not change.
　受光部６は、ロープ１を挟んで均一光照射手段３と対向して配置されている。受光部６には、測定ビーム範囲６０内の均一光２（測定ビーム２Ｍ）を受光するための受光素子７が含まれており、ロープ１の両側を通過した測定ビーム２Ｍの光量を検出する。また、受光部６は、ロープ１と受光素子７との間に配置される集光レンズ８を含んでもよく、受光素子７に対して測定ビーム２Ｍのスポットが大きい場合に、測定ビーム２Ｍを集光して、測定ビーム２Ｍのスポットを受光素子７の受光面に収まる幅に縮小することができる（図１－２）。
　受光素子７としては、様々な周知の受光素子が利用でき、例えば半導体素子などが好適である。集光レンズ８は、一般的な凸レンズ（両凸レンズ、片凸レンズ）が利用できる。 The light receiving unit 6 is disposed to face the uniform light irradiation unit 3 with the rope 1 interposed therebetween. The light receiving unit 6 includes a light receiving element 7 for receiving the uniform light 2 (measurement beam 2M) within the measurement beam range 60, and detects the light amount of the measurement beam 2M that has passed through both sides of the rope 1. The light receiving unit 6 may include a condenser lens 8 disposed between the rope 1 and the light receiving element 7. When the spot of the measurement beam 2M is larger than the light receiving element 7, the light receiving part 6 collects the measurement beam 2M. The spot of the measurement beam 2M can be reduced to a width that fits on the light receiving surface of the light receiving element 7 (FIG. 1-2).
As the light receiving element 7, various known light receiving elements can be used. For example, a semiconductor element or the like is preferable. As the condenser lens 8, a general convex lens (biconvex lens, single convex lens) can be used.
　演算装置５０は、換算手段２３と、演算手段５１とを含んでいる。換算手段２３は、受光素子７の受光量からロープ１の外径値１ｄへの換算の際の換算処理を行うものであり、後述の変換手段２０の一部を構成している。
　演算手段５１は、外径値１ｄのデータ（外径値データＤ）と同期して得られたロープ１の位置データＤＬをあわせて記憶装置に記憶する。また、演算手段５１は、ロープ１の外径値１ｄのデータ（外径値データＤ）と、位置データＤＬとから、ロープ位置に対するロープ外径値１ｄのグラフを描く処理も行う。 The calculation device 50 includes a conversion unit 23 and a calculation unit 51. The conversion means 23 performs conversion processing when converting the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 to the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 and constitutes a part of the conversion means 20 described later.
The calculation means 51 stores the position data DL of the rope 1 obtained in synchronization with the data of the outer diameter value 1d (outer diameter value data D) together in the storage device. The computing means 51 also performs a process of drawing a graph of the rope outer diameter value 1d with respect to the rope position from the data of the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (outer diameter value data D) and the position data DL.
　変換手段２０は、例えば、ロープに照射した測定範囲における全光量と、受光素子７が受光した光量との比率に基づいて、ロープ１の外径値１ｄに変換するものであり、受光部出力処理回路２１、ＡＤ変換器２２及び換算手段２３から構成されている。 The converting means 20 converts, for example, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 based on the ratio between the total light amount in the measurement range irradiated on the rope and the light amount received by the light receiving element 7, and the light receiving unit output process The circuit 21 is composed of an AD converter 22 and a conversion means 23.
　ロープ位置算出手段３０は、ロープ搬送手段９０に内蔵されているエンコーダ３１と、エンコーダ３１からのパルス信号Ｐを受信して位置データＤＬを出力する。 The rope position calculation means 30 receives the encoder 31 built in the rope conveyance means 90 and the pulse signal P from the encoder 31, and outputs position data DL.
　記憶手段（例えばメモリ等の記憶装置）４０とは、外径値データＤと位置データＤＬとを記憶するものである。また、それらのデータを処理した後の処理データ（例えば、後述の演算装置５０の演算手段５１から得られたグラフ等）も記憶する。 The storage means (for example, a storage device such as a memory) 40 stores the outer diameter value data D and the position data DL. Moreover, the processing data (For example, the graph etc. which were obtained from the calculating means 51 of the calculating device 50 mentioned later) after processing those data are also memorize | stored.
　このように構成されたロープ検査装置Ａでは、均一化照射手段３からの均一光２をスリット１５で整形した後に走行するロープ１に照射し、ロープ１に遮光されなかった均一光２を集光レンズ８で受光部６に集光し、その光量を測定する。変換手段２０では、光量を外径値１ｄに換算し、記憶装置４０に記憶させる。一方、ロープ位置算出手段３０は、走行するロープ１のうちで測定されている位置を特定し、記憶装置４０に記憶させる。外径値１ｄのデータ（外径値データＤ）と位置データＤＬとは、同期させながら記憶装置４０に記憶させるのが重要である。演算装置５０の演算手段５１は、記憶装置４０から外径値データＤと位置データＤＬとを読み出し、位置データＤＬに対する外径値データＤをプロットする。得られたグラフは、走行するロープ１の外径値１ｄの特徴を反映しているので、外径異常があればその異常がグラフに反映されて、異常を見つけることができる。 In the rope inspection apparatus A configured as described above, the uniform light 2 from the uniformizing irradiation means 3 is irradiated to the traveling rope 1 after being shaped by the slit 15 and the uniform light 2 not shielded by the rope 1 is collected. The light is condensed on the light receiving unit 6 by the lens 8 and the amount of light is measured. In the conversion means 20, the light amount is converted into the outer diameter value 1 d and stored in the storage device 40. On the other hand, the rope position calculation means 30 specifies the position measured in the traveling rope 1 and stores it in the storage device 40. It is important that the data of the outer diameter value 1d (outer diameter value data D) and the position data DL are stored in the storage device 40 while being synchronized. The calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 reads the outer diameter value data D and the position data DL from the storage device 40, and plots the outer diameter value data D against the position data DL. Since the obtained graph reflects the characteristics of the outer diameter value 1d of the traveling rope 1, if there is an abnormality in the outer diameter, the abnormality is reflected in the graph and the abnormality can be found.
　次に、スリット１５を用いたビーム整形について詳細に説明する。
　図１－５のように、スリット１５（１５１、１５２）には細長い開口部Ｓ１、Ｓ２が形成されている。ロープ検査装置Ａにスリット１５（１５１、１５２）を組み込む時には、開口部Ｓ１、Ｓ２の長手方向が、ロープ１の走行方向ＤｉｒＲと直交するように配置される。
　図１－５（ａ）のスリット１５１は、開口部Ｓ１の幅Ｓ１１（図中の上下方向の寸法）が均一光２の測定ビーム範囲６０の直径６１より小さく、開口部Ｓ１の長さＳ１２（図中の左右方向の寸法）が測定ビーム範囲６０の直径６１より大きい。そして、図１－５（ｂ）のスリット１５２は、開口部Ｓ２の幅Ｓ２１も、開口部Ｓ２の長さＳ２２も測定ビーム範囲６０の直径６１より小さい。 Next, beam shaping using the slit 15 will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1-5, elongated openings S1 and S2 are formed in the slits 15 (151 and 152). When the slit 15 (151, 152) is incorporated into the rope inspection apparatus A, the openings S1, S2 are arranged so that the longitudinal direction thereof is orthogonal to the traveling direction DirR of the rope 1.
1-5 (a), the width S11 of the opening S1 (the vertical dimension in the figure) is smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60 of the uniform light 2, and the length S12 of the opening S1 ( The dimension in the horizontal direction in the drawing is larger than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60. In the slit 152 of FIG. 1B, the width S21 of the opening S2 and the length S22 of the opening S2 are smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60.
　図１－６～図１－７は、図１－２（ａ）の矢印Ｂの方向から観察したときの均一光２と、均一光２の一部を遮光するロープ１とを図示している。 1-6 to 1-7 illustrate the uniform light 2 observed from the direction of the arrow B in FIG. 1-2A and the rope 1 that blocks a part of the uniform light 2. .
　図１－５（ａ）のスリット１５１で整形した横長形状の均一光２の場合、整形後の均一光２（特に、測定ビーム範囲６０内にある測定ビーム２Ｍ）の幅６３は一定になる（図１－６（ａ））。よって、図１－６（ａ）と図１－６（ｂ）とを比較してわかるように、ロープ１が測定ビーム範囲６０内で左右方向に移動しても、ロープ１の外径値１ｄが変化しない限り、ロープ１に遮光されなかった均一光２の総面積は変化しない。つまり、ロープ１が横揺れして、測定ビーム範囲６０内におけるロープ１の位置が変化しても、受光部６での受光量はロープ１の外径値１ｄの変化によってのみ変動する。
　また、測定ビーム範囲６０の外側にある均一光２（均一光２の周縁部に存在）は、不均一な強度を含むことがあるが、スリット１５１は、均一光２の上下方向にある強度不均一な部分を遮光する。 In the case of the horizontally long uniform light 2 shaped by the slit 151 in FIG. 1-5 (a), the width 63 of the shaped uniform light 2 (in particular, the measurement beam 2M within the measurement beam range 60) is constant ( Fig. 1-6 (a)). Therefore, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 1-6 (a) and FIG. 1-6 (b), even if the rope 1 moves in the left-right direction within the measurement beam range 60, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 As long as does not change, the total area of the uniform light 2 not shielded by the rope 1 does not change. That is, even if the rope 1 rolls and the position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam range 60 changes, the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 varies only by the change in the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1.
In addition, the uniform light 2 outside the measurement beam range 60 (existing at the peripheral edge of the uniform light 2) may include non-uniform intensity, but the slit 151 does not have the intensity in the vertical direction of the uniform light 2. Shade uniform areas.
　また、図１－５（ｂ）スリット１５２で整形した長方形の均一光２の場合も同様に、整形後の測定ビーム範囲６０内にある均一光２の幅６３は一定になる（図１－７（ａ））。よって、図１－７（ａ）と図１－７（ｂ）とを比較してわかるように、ロープ１が測定ビーム範囲６０内で左右方向に移動しても、ロープ１に遮光されなかった均一光２の総面積は変化しない。つまり、ロープ１が横揺れして、測定ビーム範囲６０内におけるロープ１の位置が変化しても、受光部６での受光量が変動しない。
　なお、スリット１５１と同様に、スリット１５２も均一光２の上下方向にある強度不均一な部分を遮光する。 Similarly, in the case of the rectangular uniform light 2 shaped by the slit 152 in FIG. 1-5 (b), the width 63 of the uniform light 2 within the measurement beam range 60 after shaping is constant (FIG. 1-7). (A)). Therefore, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 1-7 (a) and FIG. 1-7 (b), even if the rope 1 moves in the left-right direction within the measurement beam range 60, the rope 1 was not shielded from light. The total area of the uniform light 2 does not change. That is, even if the rope 1 rolls and the position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam range 60 changes, the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 does not change.
Note that, similarly to the slit 151, the slit 152 also shields a non-uniform intensity portion in the vertical direction of the uniform light 2.
　なお、スリット１５１では、スリットの開口部Ｓ１の長さＳ１２が測定ビーム範囲６０の直径６１より大きいので、整形後の横長形状ビームは、左右端の少なくとも一方に、測定ビーム領域６０よりも外側にある均一光２（強度が不均一な光も含んでいる）が含まれる。
　それに対して、スリット１５２では、開口部Ｓ２の長さＳ２２が測定ビーム範囲６０の直径６１より小さいので、測定ビーム領域６０よりも外側にある均一光２を全て遮断することができる。よって、スリット１５２を通過させることにより、全体にわたって略均一な強度を有する長方形ビームを得ることができる（図１－７）。得られた長方形ビームの強度分布を図１－４（ｃ）に示す。スリット１５２で整形した長方形ビームは均一光２の不均一部分を含まないので、ロープ検査装置Ａの測定精度が高くなる。また、ロープ検査装置Ａに含まれる光学系等からの散乱光を効果的に遮光できるので、受光部６で得られる受光量のデータのノイズを減少することができる。 In the slit 151, since the length S12 of the slit opening S1 is larger than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60, the horizontally elongated beam after shaping is located outside at least one of the left and right ends and outside the measurement beam region 60. Some uniform light 2 (including light with non-uniform intensity) is included.
On the other hand, in the slit 152, since the length S22 of the opening S2 is smaller than the diameter 61 of the measurement beam range 60, all of the uniform light 2 outside the measurement beam region 60 can be blocked. Therefore, by passing through the slit 152, a rectangular beam having substantially uniform intensity can be obtained (FIG. 1-7). The intensity distribution of the obtained rectangular beam is shown in FIG. Since the rectangular beam shaped by the slit 152 does not include the non-uniform portion of the uniform light 2, the measurement accuracy of the rope inspection apparatus A is increased. Further, since scattered light from the optical system or the like included in the rope inspection apparatus A can be effectively blocked, the noise of the received light amount data obtained by the light receiving unit 6 can be reduced.
　本発明の均一光２は、ロープ１の中心線Ｃ（図１－２）を通り且つビームの光軸（光線の進行方向ＤｉｒＬ）と直交する面の面内にて強度を測定したときに、測定ビーム範囲６０内にある光（測定ビーム２Ｍ）の強度分布が略均一である。本明細書で「略均一」とは、測定ビーム２Ｍの強度分布が０～±１０％の均一性を有していることを指す。 The uniform light 2 of the present invention is measured when the intensity is measured in a plane passing through the center line C (FIG. 1-2) of the rope 1 and perpendicular to the optical axis of the beam (the light traveling direction DirL). The intensity distribution of the light within the measurement beam range 60 (measurement beam 2M) is substantially uniform. In the present specification, “substantially uniform” means that the intensity distribution of the measurement beam 2M has a uniformity of 0 to ± 10%.
　光源４から射出される不均一光は、図１－３（ａ）のようなガウス分布の強度分布を有している。そのため、不均一光をロープ１に照射すると、ロープ１が横揺れした場合、ロープ１で遮光される面積が同じでも、遮光されるビーム強度が大きく変化する。スリット１５でビームを整形しても、このビーム強度変化を抑えることはできない。
　一方、図１－３（ｂ）のように測定ビーム範囲６０内において略均一な強度分布を有するビーム（均一光）２であれば、ロープ１が横揺れしても、遮光面積が等しければ遮光されるビーム強度もほぼ等しくなる。よって、均一光２をスリット１５で整形すれば、ロープ１が横揺れしても外径値１ｄの測定精度を高くすることができる。 The non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 has a Gaussian intensity distribution as shown in FIG. For this reason, when the rope 1 is irradiated with non-uniform light, when the rope 1 rolls, even if the area shielded by the rope 1 is the same, the light intensity of the shielded light changes greatly. Even if the beam is shaped by the slit 15, this change in beam intensity cannot be suppressed.
On the other hand, if the beam (uniform light) 2 has a substantially uniform intensity distribution within the measurement beam range 60 as shown in FIG. The beam intensities applied are also approximately equal. Therefore, if the uniform light 2 is shaped by the slit 15, the measurement accuracy of the outer diameter value 1d can be increased even if the rope 1 rolls.
　なお、ビームの強度分布が０～±１０％であれば、最終的に算出されるロープ１の外径値１ｄに対する影響（測定誤差）が、受光素子７の測定精度や、光量をロープ１の外径値１ｄに変換する際の誤差よりも小さくなる。よって、本発明では、測定ビーム範囲６０の強度分布０～±１０％の均一光２が好適である。 If the intensity distribution of the beam is 0 to ± 10%, the influence (measurement error) on the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 that is finally calculated may cause the measurement accuracy of the light receiving element 7 and the light amount to It becomes smaller than the error in converting to the outer diameter value 1d. Therefore, in the present invention, uniform light 2 having an intensity distribution of 0 to ± 10% in the measurement beam range 60 is preferable.
　以下に、本実施の形態のロープ検査装置Ａを用いたロープ外径値１ｄの測定方法について詳細に説明する。
　測定方法は、ステップ１～６に分かれており、ロープ１に照射後の均一光２の光量測定（ステップ１）、光量をロープ１の外径値１ｄに変換（ステップ２）、均一光２が照射されているロープ１の位置データＤＬの取得（ステップ３）、外径値１ｄと位置データＤＬの記憶（ステップ４）、外径値１ｄ及び位置データＤＬのデータ解析（ステップ５）、及び解析データからロープ１の外径異常の検出（ステップ６）から構成されている。 Below, the measuring method of the rope outer-diameter value 1d using the rope inspection apparatus A of this Embodiment is demonstrated in detail.
The measuring method is divided into steps 1 to 6, and the light amount measurement of the uniform light 2 after irradiating the rope 1 (step 1), the light amount is converted into the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (step 2), and the uniform light 2 is Acquisition of position data DL of the irradiated rope 1 (step 3), storage of outer diameter value 1d and position data DL (step 4), data analysis of outer diameter value 1d and position data DL (step 5), and analysis It consists of detecting the outer diameter abnormality of the rope 1 from the data (step 6).
（ステップ１：光量の測定）
　図１－２に示すように、測定対象のロープ１に対してロープ検査装置Ａを設置する。ロープ検査装置Ａは、建築物等に固定されている。ロープ１は、固定されたロープ検査装置Ａの中を、図１－２の紙面と垂直方向に、任意の速度で走行する。
　光源４から射出された不均一光は、均一化光学系５を通って均一光２にされ、スリット１５を通って横長形状又は長方形に整形される（図１－６、図１－７）。整形された均一光２の測定ビーム２Ｍはロープ１に照射されて、その一部はロープ１によって遮光される。遮光されなかった測定ビーム２Ｍは、ロープ１の両側を通って進行する（図１－２）。遮光されなかった測定ビーム２Ｍは、集光レンズ８によって集光され、受光素子７に入射する。受光素子７は、受光した光量に応じた信号を出力する。 (Step 1: Measurement of light intensity)
As shown in FIG. 1-2, a rope inspection apparatus A is installed for the rope 1 to be measured. The rope inspection apparatus A is fixed to a building or the like. The rope 1 travels through the fixed rope inspection apparatus A at an arbitrary speed in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
The non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 is made into uniform light 2 through the uniformizing optical system 5, and shaped into a horizontally long shape or a rectangle through the slit 15 (FIGS. 1-6 and 1-7). The shaped measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 is irradiated onto the rope 1 and a part thereof is shielded by the rope 1. The measurement beam 2M that is not shielded travels through both sides of the rope 1 (FIG. 1-2). The measurement beam 2M that is not shielded is condensed by the condenser lens 8 and enters the light receiving element 7. The light receiving element 7 outputs a signal corresponding to the amount of light received.
　測定対象となるロープ１の外径値１ｄが大きくなると、遮光面積が増えるので、受光素子７が受光する光量が低下し、一方、ロープ１の外径が小さくなると、遮光面積が減るので、受光素子７が受光する光量が増加する。この結果、受光素子７が受光する光量には走行するロープのシルエットが反映される。このとき、本実施の形態では、均一化光学系５とスリット１５とを用いているので、受光素子７の受光量と、ロープ１のシルエットの幅（ロープの外径値１ｄ）とは、線形の関係になる。 When the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 to be measured increases, the light shielding area increases, so the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 decreases. On the other hand, when the outer diameter of the rope 1 decreases, the light shielding area decreases. The amount of light received by the element 7 increases. As a result, the silhouette of the running rope is reflected in the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7. At this time, in the present embodiment, since the uniformizing optical system 5 and the slit 15 are used, the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 and the silhouette width of the rope 1 (the outer diameter value of the rope 1d) are linear. It becomes a relationship.
（ステップ２：ロープ外径値１ｄへの変換）
　受光素子７（受光素子６）からの信号は、変換手段２０に入力される（図１－１）。本実施の形態では、変換手段２０は、受光部出力処理回路２１と、ＡＤ変換器２２と、換算手段２３とから構成されている。
　まず、受光素子７からの信号（電流値）は、受光部出力処理回路２１に入力されて、電圧信号に変換される（Ｉ－Ｖ変換）。また、受光素子７からの信号からノイズ除去のためのフィルタ処理を行ってもよい。
　受光部出力処理回路２１から出力された電圧信号は、ＡＤ変換器２２に入力されて、デジタル信号に変換される。 (Step 2: Conversion to rope outer diameter value 1d)
A signal from the light receiving element 7 (light receiving element 6) is input to the conversion means 20 (FIG. 1-1). In the present embodiment, the conversion unit 20 includes a light receiving unit output processing circuit 21, an AD converter 22, and a conversion unit 23.
First, a signal (current value) from the light receiving element 7 is input to the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 and converted into a voltage signal (IV conversion). Further, filter processing for removing noise from the signal from the light receiving element 7 may be performed.
The voltage signal output from the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 is input to the AD converter 22 and converted into a digital signal.
　ＡＤ変換器２２から出力されたデジタル信号は、換算手段２３に入力される。換算手段２３は、デジタル信号を線形の換算式（変換関数）で計算して、ロープ１の外径値１ｄのデータ（外径値データＤ）を出力する。変換関数は、予め、様々な外径値１ｄのロープ１と、そのロープ１をロープ検査装置Ａで測定したときにＡＤ変換器２２から出力されるデジタル信号との関係を調べて、それらの関連性に基づいて決定される。また、変換関数に代えて、多数の換算データ（デジタル信号に対する外径値１ｄの対応を示す複数のデータの組）を保有することもできる。換算手段２３は、換算データを参照して、入力されたデジタル信号を対応する外径値データＤに変換する。 The digital signal output from the AD converter 22 is input to the conversion means 23. The conversion means 23 calculates a digital signal by a linear conversion formula (conversion function), and outputs data of the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 (outer diameter value data D). The conversion function is obtained by examining the relationship between the rope 1 having various outer diameter values 1d and the digital signal output from the AD converter 22 when the rope 1 is measured by the rope inspection device A in advance. Determined based on gender. Further, instead of the conversion function, a large number of conversion data (a plurality of sets of data indicating the correspondence of the outer diameter value 1d to the digital signal) can be held. The conversion unit 23 refers to the conversion data and converts the input digital signal into corresponding outer diameter value data D.
（ステップ３：ロープの位置データＤＬの取得）
　ロープ１の位置データＤＬは、ロープ位置算出手段３０により生成される（図１－１）。本実施の形態では、ロープ位置算出手段３０は、ロープ搬送装置９０に内蔵されているエンコーダ３１と、ロープ位置算出装置３２とから構成されている。
　エンコーダ３１は、ロープ搬送装置９０がロープ１を所定方向に所定距離ｆ（例えば１ｍ）だけ搬送するごとに、正のパルス信号Ｐを出力する。例えばロータリーエンコーダは、ロープ搬送装置９０が順方向（例えば時計回り）に１回転するごとにパルス信号Ｐを出力する。また、ロープ搬送装置９０が逆方向（例えば反時計回り）に１回転するごとに、エンコーダ３１は負のパルス信号－Ｐを出力する。 (Step 3: Acquisition of rope position data DL)
The position data DL of the rope 1 is generated by the rope position calculation means 30 (FIG. 1-1). In the present embodiment, the rope position calculation means 30 includes an encoder 31 built in the rope transport device 90 and a rope position calculation device 32.
The encoder 31 outputs a positive pulse signal P every time the rope conveyance device 90 conveys the rope 1 by a predetermined distance f (for example, 1 m) in a predetermined direction. For example, the rotary encoder outputs a pulse signal P every time the rope conveyance device 90 makes one rotation in the forward direction (for example, clockwise). Further, every time the rope transport device 90 makes one rotation in the reverse direction (for example, counterclockwise), the encoder 31 outputs a negative pulse signal -P.
　エンコーダ３１から出力された正又は負のパルス信号Ｐ、－Ｐは、ロープ位置算出装置３２に入力される。ロープ位置算出装置３２は、ロープ検査装置Ａ設置時のロープ１の位置データＤＬ（初期値）を０として、正のパルス信号Ｐを受けるごとに位置データＤＬに所定距離ｆを加算し、負のパルス信号－Ｐを受けるごとに所定距離ｆを減算して、パルス信号Ｐ、－Ｐを受けた時の位置データＤＬを算出する。得られた位置データＤＬは、ロープ位置算出装置３２から出力され、演算装置５０の演算手段５１に入力される。
　なお、位置データＤＬはロープ１が所定距離ｆごとにサンプリングされるので、ロープ１の搬送速度が変化する場合には、サンプリングの時間間隔も変化する。つまり、位置データＤＬのサンプリング間隔は、時間に依存しない。 The positive or negative pulse signals P and −P output from the encoder 31 are input to the rope position calculation device 32. The rope position calculation device 32 sets the position data DL (initial value) of the rope 1 at the time of installation of the rope inspection device A to 0, and adds a predetermined distance f to the position data DL every time a positive pulse signal P is received. Every time the pulse signal -P is received, the predetermined distance f is subtracted to calculate the position data DL when the pulse signals P and -P are received. The obtained position data DL is output from the rope position calculation device 32 and input to the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50.
Since the position data DL is sampled at every predetermined distance f, the sampling time interval also changes when the transport speed of the rope 1 changes. That is, the sampling interval of the position data DL does not depend on time.
（ステップ４：データの記憶）
　演算装置５０の換算手段２３から出力されたロープ１の外径値データＤ（ステップ２）と、演算装置５０の演算手段５１から出力された位置データＤＬ（ステップ３）とを、記憶装置４０に記憶させる。なお、同じタイミングで記憶された外径値データＤと位置データＤＬとは、関連づけながら（同期させながら）記憶させる。これにより、後述の「ステップ５」で、記憶装置４０に記憶されたデータ列を解析することにより、ある時点におけるロープ１の測定位置と、その測定位置のロープ１の外径値１ｄとを知ることができる。
　なお、外径値データＤのデータ数のほうが、位置データＤＬのデータ数より多いので、外径値データＤの一部のみが位置データＤＬと対応付けられる。 (Step 4: Data storage)
The outer diameter value data D (step 2) of the rope 1 output from the conversion means 23 of the calculation device 50 and the position data DL (step 3) output from the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 are stored in the storage device 40. Remember. The outer diameter value data D and the position data DL stored at the same timing are stored while being associated (synchronized). Thereby, in “Step 5” described later, by analyzing the data string stored in the storage device 40, the measurement position of the rope 1 at a certain time point and the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 at the measurement position are known. be able to.
Since the number of data of the outer diameter value data D is larger than the number of data of the position data DL, only a part of the outer diameter value data D is associated with the position data DL.
（ステップ５：データ解析）
　記憶装置４０に記憶された２つのデータ列（外径値データＤと位置データＤＬ）を、演算装置５０の演算手段５１によってデータ解析して、最終的にはロープ１の測定位置に対して外径値１ｄをプロットする。プロットで得られたグラフには、ロープ走行範囲の外観が再現される。
　実際のロープ１は表面に凹凸があるため、得られるグラフにも凹凸が現れる。グラフの意味を十分に把握するために、まず、ロープ１と、測定時のロープ１の速度について説明する。 (Step 5: Data analysis)
Two data strings (outer diameter value data D and position data DL) stored in the storage device 40 are subjected to data analysis by the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50, and finally the outside of the measurement position of the rope 1. The diameter value 1d is plotted. The appearance of the rope travel range is reproduced in the graph obtained by plotting.
Since the actual rope 1 has irregularities on the surface, the irregularities also appear in the obtained graph. In order to fully understand the meaning of the graph, first, the rope 1 and the speed of the rope 1 during measurement will be described.
　測定対象のロープ１は、図１－８のような複層構造を有している。図１－８に例示したロープは、心鋼３００の周りに、内層を形成する６本の内層ストランド２００が螺旋状に巻き付けられる。内層の外側に、外層を形成する１０本の外層ストランド１０１～１１０が螺旋状に巻き付けられる。内層ストランド２００及び外層ストランド１０１～１１０の本数は変更可能である。また、内層ストランド２００及び外層ストランド１０１～１１０の巻方向（Ｓ撚り、Ｚ撚り）の組合せも任意に選択できる。 Measured rope 1 has a multilayer structure as shown in Fig. 1-8. In the rope illustrated in FIGS. 1-8, around the core steel 300, six inner layer strands 200 forming an inner layer are spirally wound. On the outside of the inner layer, ten outer layer strands 101 to 110 forming the outer layer are wound spirally. The number of the inner layer strand 200 and the outer layer strands 101 to 110 can be changed. Further, a combination of winding directions (S twist, Z twist) of the inner layer strand 200 and the outer layer strands 101 to 110 can be arbitrarily selected.
　図１－９は、６本の外層ストランド１０１～１０６を撚ったロープ１を示しており、長手方向Ｄｉｒ２（走行方向ＤｉｒＲ）方向に沿って、同じ外層ストランドが６本おきに、繰り返し現れることがわかる。なお、同じストランドが現れるまでの距離を「撚りピッチＴ」と称する。
　図１－９からわかるように、外層ストランド１０１～１０６を螺旋状に巻いているので、ロープ１の外面には微細な凹凸が形成される。この微細な凹凸によって、ロープ１の外径も周期的に変化する。 FIG. 1-9 shows a rope 1 in which six outer layer strands 101 to 106 are twisted, and the same outer layer strand repeatedly appears every six in the longitudinal direction Dir2 (traveling direction DirR). I understand. The distance until the same strand appears is called “twist pitch T”.
As can be seen from FIG. 1-9, since the outer layer strands 101 to 106 are spirally wound, fine irregularities are formed on the outer surface of the rope 1. Due to this fine unevenness, the outer diameter of the rope 1 also changes periodically.
　微細な凹凸の数と、撚りピッチＴと、使用している外層ストランドの本数との間には次のような関連性がある。
　撚りピッチＴの範囲内には、使用されている外層ストランドの本数と同数の凹部が含まれる（図１－９では、６本の外層ストランドと、６つの凹部）。また、撚りピッチＴの両端に位置する凸部をそれぞれ０．５個と数えれば、撚りピッチＴの範囲内には、外層ストランドの本数と同数の凸部が含まれている（図１－９では、６本の外層ストランドと、６つの凸部が含まれている）。 There is the following relationship between the number of fine irregularities, the twist pitch T, and the number of outer layer strands used.
Within the range of the twist pitch T, the same number of recesses as the number of outer layer strands used are included (in FIG. 1-9, six outer layer strands and six recesses). Further, if the number of convex portions located at both ends of the twist pitch T is counted as 0.5, the same number of convex portions as the number of outer layer strands are included in the range of the twist pitch T (FIG. 1-9). Then, six outer layer strands and six convex portions are included).
　測定中のロープ１の走行速度は一定ではなく、図１－１０に示すように、まず、加速しながら走行し（０～α）、その後一定速度となり（α～β）、最後に減速しながら停止した（β～γ）。 The traveling speed of the rope 1 being measured is not constant. As shown in FIG. 1-10, the traveling speed is first accelerated (0 to α), then becomes a constant speed (α to β), and finally decelerated. Stopped (β-γ).
　図１－８～図１－９に示すようなロープ１を、図１－１０の条件で走行させた場合、得られる位置データＤＬのデータ列を時間に対してプロットすると、図１－１１のようなグラフになる（「時間－外径値グラフ」と称する）。図１－１１のα～γは、図１－１０に対応している。 When the rope 1 as shown in FIG. 1-8 to FIG. 1-9 is run under the conditions of FIG. 1-10, when the data sequence of the obtained position data DL is plotted against time, the rope shown in FIG. The graph is as follows (referred to as “time-outer diameter value graph”). Α to γ in FIG. 1-11 correspond to FIG. 1-10.
　図１－１１の「時間－外径値グラフ」は、ロープ１の外面にある微細な凹凸を反映した凹凸が確認される。しかしながら、実際のロープ１とは異なり、時間－外径値グラフの凹凸は等間隔になっていない。具体的には、時間－外径値グラフでは、０～αの間では、速度が上昇するに従って凹凸の間隔が徐々に狭くなり、α～βの間では、速度が一定なので凹凸の間隔も均一で、そしてβ～γの間では、速度が低下するに従って凹凸の間隔が徐々に広くなっている。 In the “time-outer diameter graph” shown in FIG. 1-11, irregularities reflecting fine irregularities on the outer surface of the rope 1 are confirmed. However, unlike the actual rope 1, the unevenness of the time-outer diameter graph is not evenly spaced. Specifically, in the time-outer diameter graph, between 0 and α, the unevenness interval gradually narrows as the speed increases, and between α and β, the unevenness interval is uniform because the speed is constant. In the range between β and γ, the interval between the irregularities gradually increases as the speed decreases.
　次に、「ステップ４」で外径値データと同期させて記憶していた位置データＤＬを用いて、図１－１１の時間－外径値グラフの横軸を、位置データＤＬに置換する。置換後のグラフを、図１－１２に示す（「位置－外径値グラフ」と称する）。
　図１－１２から明らかなように、位置－外径値グラフでは、凹凸は等間隔になっている。すなわち、位置データＤＬに対して外径値データをプロットすることにより、グラフの凹凸の間隔は、測定時のロープ１の速度に依存せず、常に一定になる。 Next, the position data DL stored in synchronization with the outer diameter value data in “Step 4” is used to replace the horizontal axis of the time-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 1-11 with the position data DL. The graph after replacement is shown in FIG. 1-12 (referred to as “position-outer diameter value graph”).
As is apparent from FIG. 1-12, the unevenness is equally spaced in the position-outer diameter value graph. That is, by plotting the outer diameter value data with respect to the position data DL, the interval between the irregularities of the graph does not depend on the speed of the rope 1 at the time of measurement and is always constant.
　また、この図１－１２の位置－外径値グラフは、図１－９に図示したロープ１を測定した測定データを解析したものであるが、グラフ上で求められる撚りピッチＴ、及び撚りピッチＴ内に含まれる凹凸の数が、図１－９のロープ１の外観と一致した。
　なお、図１－１２はロープ１の外径値データをプロットしているので、外層ストランド１０２の突出する向きは反映されない。よって、図１－６のように両側面に凹凸を有するロープ１では、ロープ右側の突出に対応する外径値増加も、左側の突出に対応する外径値増加も、同じ「外径値の増加」として図１－１２のグラフに反映される。 Further, the position-outer diameter graph of FIG. 1-12 is obtained by analyzing the measurement data obtained by measuring the rope 1 illustrated in FIG. 1-9. The twist pitch T and the twist pitch required on the graph are analyzed. The number of irregularities contained in T coincided with the appearance of the rope 1 in FIG. 1-9.
Note that since the outer diameter value data of the rope 1 is plotted in FIG. 1-12, the protruding direction of the outer layer strand 102 is not reflected. Therefore, in the rope 1 having unevenness on both sides as shown in FIG. 1-6, the outer diameter value increase corresponding to the protrusion on the right side of the rope and the outer diameter value increase corresponding to the protrusion on the left side are the same. The increase is reflected in the graph of FIG. 1-12.
　本実施の形態のように、ステップ３で位置データＤＬを取得することにより、ロープ１の走行速度に影響を受けずに、一定間隔の位置における外径値データを検出することができる。 As in the present embodiment, by acquiring the position data DL in step 3, it is possible to detect the outer diameter value data at the positions at regular intervals without being affected by the traveling speed of the rope 1.
（ステップ６：外径異常の検出）
　本実施の形態では、ロープ１に外径異常が生じた場合、その検出の手法が複数ある。以下に、それぞれの検出手法を説明する。 (Step 6: Detection of abnormal outer diameter)
In the present embodiment, when an abnormality in the outer diameter of the rope 1 occurs, there are a plurality of detection methods. Below, each detection method is demonstrated.
　（ａ）位置－外径値グラフからの直接検出手法
　図１－１３は、ロープ１の外層ストランド１０２が切断等によって弛みを生じた様子を示している。図１－１３からわかるように、弛んだ外層ストランド１０２が右側に飛び出し、撚りピッチＴの半分（＝Ｔ／２）だけ下がって左側に飛び出し、さらにＴ／２だけ下がって再び右側に飛び出す。外層ストランド１０２が飛び出した部分は外径値１ｄが大きくなるので、ロープ１がＴ／２進むごとに外径値１ｄの大きい部分が現れる。 (A) Direct Detection Method from Position-Outer Diameter Value Graph FIG. 1-13 shows a state in which the outer layer strand 102 of the rope 1 is loosened by cutting or the like. As can be seen from FIG. 1-13, the loose outer layer strand 102 jumps out to the right side, falls by half (= T / 2) of the twist pitch T, jumps out to the left side, and further falls by T / 2 and jumps out to the right side again. The portion where the outer layer strand 102 protrudes has a larger outer diameter value 1d, so that a portion having a larger outer diameter value 1d appears each time the rope 1 advances T / 2.
　このような外径異常を生じたロープ１を上述の「ステップ１～５」に従って測定すると、図１－１４のような位置－外径値グラフが得られる。図１－１４のグラフでは、３つおき（撚りピッチＴの半分＝Ｔ／２に相当）に大きく突出する凸部が、左右に飛び出した外層ストランド１０２に対応する。
　このように、位置－外径値グラフの形状に、撚りピッチＴと相関性のある周期的な異変が現れた場合には、外層ストランドが弛んでいると判断することができる。 When the rope 1 having such an outer diameter abnormality is measured according to the above-mentioned “Steps 1 to 5”, a position-outer diameter value graph as shown in FIG. 1-14 is obtained. In the graph of FIG. 1-14, convex portions that protrude greatly every third (corresponding to half of the twist pitch T = corresponding to T / 2) correspond to the outer layer strands 102 that protrude to the left and right.
Thus, when a periodic change having a correlation with the twist pitch T appears in the shape of the position-outer diameter value graph, it can be determined that the outer layer strand is loose.
　（ｂ）空間フィルタによる異常抽出
　図１－１５は、図１－８のロープ１（外層ストランド１０本、内層ストランド６本）から得られた位置－外径値グラフである。外層ストランドの撚りピッチＴと、内層ストランドの撚りピッチｔとは異なっている。
　図１－１５（ａ）は、外径異常のないロープ１から得られたグラフである。図１－１５（ｂ）は、外層ストランド１０１～１１０のうちの１本が弛みを生じたロープ１から得られた位置－外径値グラフである。図１－１５（ｃ）は、内層ストランド２００のうちの１本が弛みを生じたロープ１から得られた位置－外径値グラフである。なお、内層ストランド２００は外層ストランドによって完全に覆われているので、簡単な視認だけでは、内層ストランド２００の弛みを検出するのは困難な場合がある。 (B) Abnormal Extraction by Spatial Filter FIG. 1-15 is a position-outer diameter graph obtained from the rope 1 (10 outer layer strands, 6 inner layer strands) of FIG. 1-8. The twist pitch T of the outer layer strand is different from the twist pitch t of the inner layer strand.
FIG. 1-15 (a) is a graph obtained from the rope 1 having no abnormal outer diameter. FIG. 1-15 (b) is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from the rope 1 in which one of the outer layer strands 101 to 110 has slackened. FIG. 1-15 (c) is a position-outer diameter value graph obtained from the rope 1 in which one of the inner layer strands 200 has slackened. In addition, since the inner layer strand 200 is completely covered with the outer layer strand, it may be difficult to detect the slack of the inner layer strand 200 only by simple visual recognition.
　各グラフを比較すると、図１－１５（ａ）のグラフでは、同じ高さの凸部が並んでおり、図１－１５（ｂ）では、５つおきに他より高い凸部が現れ、そして図１－１５（ｃ）では、７～８つおきに他より高い凸部が現れる。
　図１－１５（ｂ）には、低い凸部が４つ続いた後に、高い凸部が１つ現れる、という周期性が見られる。この高い凸部の現れる周期（５つおき）は、外層ストランドの撚りピッチＴ（凸部１０個分に相当）の半分と一致する。
　一方、図１－１５（ｃ）では、低い凸部が４つ～５つ続いた後に、高い凸部が２つ～１つ現れている。図１－１５（ｂ）と比べると、図１－１５（ｃ）では高い凸部の現れる周期が長い点と、高い凸部の個数（１つ～２つ）及び低い凸部の個数（４つ～５つ）にばらつきが見られる点で異なる。図１－１５（ｂ）と図１－１５（ｃ）との相違は、ロープ１の内部構造に起因するものであり、詳細については後述する。 Comparing the graphs, in the graph of FIG. 1-15 (a), convex portions having the same height are arranged, and in FIG. 1-15 (b), every five convex portions appear higher than the others, and In FIG. 1-15 (c), higher convex portions appear than every other portion.
In FIG. 1-15 (b), there is a periodicity that four high convex portions appear after four low convex portions. The period (every 5th) in which this high convex part appears coincides with half the twist pitch T (corresponding to ten convex parts) of the outer layer strand.
On the other hand, in FIG. 1-15 (c), after four to five low convex portions continue, two to one high convex portions appear. Compared to FIG. 1-15 (b), in FIG. 1-15 (c), the period of appearance of the high protrusions is long, the number of high protrusions (1 to 2), and the number of low protrusions (4 1 to 5) is different in that there is variation. The difference between FIG. 1-15 (b) and FIG. 1-15 (c) is due to the internal structure of the rope 1, and details will be described later.
　図１－１５（ｂ）及び図１－１５（ｃ）のように、長手方向にストランド周期とは異なる周期の凹凸成分が生じる場合、これらを空間フィルタにより抽出することが有効である。周期Ｔ／２またはｔ／２の波形を通過させる空間フィルタを用意しておき、外径値信号（実線）を処理すると、図１－１５（ａ）～（ｃ）の破線（抽出グラフｅｘｔ）が得られる。図１－１５（ｂ）における破線（抽出グラフｅｘｔ）は周期Ｔ／２の波形、図１－１５（ｃ）における破線（抽出グラフｅｘｔ）は周期ｔ／２の波形である（以下、「特定帯域抽出波形」と称する）。この波形の最大値、振幅、最大値と最小値の差などを算出し、これを閾値判定することにより異常検出が可能である。
　この閾値設定の方法として、予め絶対的な値を設定する方法が考えられるが、後に述べるように、i）複数区間に分割して、その他の区間と比較してこれらの値が突出していないか否かにより異常判定する方法、ii）区間毎の増減量、または増減率を算出し、これらに対して閾値判定する方法、または他の区間と比較して突出していないか否かにより判定する方法も考えられる。 As shown in FIGS. 1-15 (b) and 1-15 (c), when uneven components having a period different from the strand period are generated in the longitudinal direction, it is effective to extract them by a spatial filter. When a spatial filter that passes a waveform of period T / 2 or t / 2 is prepared and an outer diameter value signal (solid line) is processed, a broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIGS. 1-15 (a) to (c) Is obtained. The broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIG. 1-15 (b) is a waveform with a period T / 2, and the broken line (extraction graph ext) in FIG. 1-15 (c) is a waveform with a period t / 2 (hereinafter referred to as “specific”). This is referred to as a “band extraction waveform”). Anomaly detection is possible by calculating the maximum value, amplitude, difference between the maximum value and minimum value of this waveform, and determining the threshold value.
As a method of setting the threshold value, a method of setting an absolute value in advance is conceivable. As will be described later, i) is divided into a plurality of sections, and these values do not protrude compared to other sections? A method of determining abnormality by whether or not, ii) a method of calculating an increase / decrease amount or a rate of increase / decrease for each section, and determining a threshold for these, or a method of determining by whether or not it protrudes compared with other sections Is also possible.
　これらの結果を踏まえて、図１－１５（ｃ）の特定帯域抽出波形を検討すると、内層ストランド２００の撚りピッチｔの半分（＝ｔ／２）の周波数が現れていることがわかる。この結果から、図１－１５（ｃ）の位置－外径値グラフには、内層ストランド２００の弛みが現れていると考えることができる。 Based on these results, when examining the specific band extraction waveform of FIG. 1-15 (c), it can be seen that a frequency that is half (= t / 2) the twist pitch t of the inner layer strand 200 appears. From this result, it can be considered that the slack of the inner layer strand 200 appears in the position-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 1-15 (c).
　この検出手法では、位置－外径値グラフを空間フィルタ処理することにより、周期性を有する外径異常を検出することができる。そして、この検出手段では、視認で検出しにくかったストランドの弛みを検出することができる。 In this detection method, an outer diameter abnormality having periodicity can be detected by spatially filtering the position-outer diameter value graph. And with this detection means, it is possible to detect the slackness of the strand that is difficult to detect visually.
　なお、周波数抽出を行うための演算機能（第３の演算手段の演算機能）は、演算装置５０（図１－１）が備えていてもよく、また、別に準備した演算装置が備えてもよい。 The calculation function for performing frequency extraction (the calculation function of the third calculation means) may be provided in the calculation device 50 (FIG. 1-1), or may be provided in a separately prepared calculation device. .
　（ｃ）分割区間の相対的対比による検出手法
　異常であるか否かの判定を行う方法として、複数区間に分割して、その他の区間と比較してこれらの値が突出していないか否かにより異常判定する方法を述べる。 (C) Detection method based on relative comparison of divided sections As a method for determining whether or not there is an abnormality, it is divided into a plurality of sections, and whether these values do not protrude compared to other sections A method for judging abnormality is described.
　図１－１５（ａ）～（ｃ）の特定帯域抽出波形をロープの長手方向の複数区間に分割する。この分割は、位置データＤＬを用いて、所定長さ（例えば１ｍ）ごとに１区間とする方法が適している。これらの区間ごとに最大値、振幅、最大値と最小値の差などの特徴量を算出する。 1) Divide the specific band extraction waveform of FIGS. 1-15 (a) to (c) into a plurality of sections in the longitudinal direction of the rope. For this division, a method of using the position data DL and setting one section for every predetermined length (for example, 1 m) is suitable. A feature value such as a maximum value, an amplitude, and a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is calculated for each section.
　図１－１６は、複数の区間の振幅を図示している。図１－１６から、区間１１～区間１３が、他の区間よりも振幅が大きいことがわかる。よって、区間１１～区間１３に外径異常が発生していることがわかる。 Fig. 1-16 illustrates the amplitude of multiple sections. From FIG. 1-16, it can be seen that the intervals 11 to 13 have a larger amplitude than the other intervals. Therefore, it can be seen that the outer diameter abnormality occurs in the sections 11 to 13.
　なお、図１－１６では、区間の間の比較として振幅を使用したが、外径異常を反映する数値で（最大値、最大値と最小値の差など）あれば、振幅に代えて用いることができる。 In FIG. 1-16, the amplitude is used as a comparison between the sections. However, if the numerical value reflects the outer diameter abnormality (maximum value, difference between the maximum value and the minimum value, etc.), it should be used instead of the amplitude. Can do.
　この検出手法によれば、経時的な光学系の劣化及び／又は汚れ等によって、初期設置時に比べて受光素子７の受光量が低下した場合でも、その受光量低下が相殺される。よって、外径異常を見つける際の精度を、長期的に高く維持することができる。 According to this detection method, even when the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 is lower than that at the time of initial installation due to deterioration of the optical system and / or contamination over time, the decrease in the amount of received light is offset. Therefore, the accuracy in finding the outer diameter abnormality can be maintained high in the long term.
　なお、仮想的な区間の分割を行うための演算機能（第１の演算手段の演算機能）は、演算装置５０（図１－１）が備えていてもよく、また、別に準備した演算装置が備えてもよい。さらに、演算機能は、さらに、各区分の総外径値を比較して、外径異常のある区間を特定する機能を有していてもよい。 Note that the arithmetic function for dividing the virtual section (the arithmetic function of the first arithmetic means) may be provided in the arithmetic device 50 (FIG. 1-1), or a separately prepared arithmetic device may be provided. You may prepare. Furthermore, the calculation function may further have a function of comparing a total outer diameter value of each section and specifying a section having an outer diameter abnormality.
　（ｄ）同一区間の経時対比による検出手法
　実際に使用されるロープ製品では、ロープ１の外径寸法は完全に均質ではなく、初期ばらつき（誤差）があるのが通常である。そして、使用前から存在する「初期ばらつき」が、使用後に生じた「外径異常」と誤認されるおそれがある。そのような誤認のおそれがあれば、初期ばらつきと外径異常とを明確に識別することが必要になる。 (D) Detection method based on time-dependent comparison of the same section In the rope product actually used, the outer diameter of the rope 1 is not completely uniform and usually has an initial variation (error). In addition, “initial variation” existing before use may be mistaken for “abnormal outer diameter” generated after use. If there is a possibility of such misidentification, it is necessary to clearly identify the initial variation and the outer diameter abnormality.
　初期ばらつきと外径異常とを識別するには、ロープ１の同じ位置における外径変化を経時的に観察するのが有効である。例えば、検出手法（ｃ）と同様に、特定帯域抽出波形を仮想的に複数の区間に分割する。そして、ある時点（例えば、設置直後）に求めた各区間の振幅δ１と、別の時点（例えば、ロープ１の定期検査の時）に求めた各区間の振幅δ２とを求める。同じ区間（例えば区間１）の振幅の経時変化は「δ２－δ１」で求めることができる。このようにして求めた振幅の経時変化の例を図１－１７に示す。 ¡To distinguish between initial variations and outer diameter abnormalities, it is effective to observe changes in the outer diameter at the same position of the rope 1 over time. For example, as in the detection method (c), the specific band extraction waveform is virtually divided into a plurality of sections. Then, the amplitude δ1 of each section obtained at a certain time (for example, immediately after installation) and the amplitude δ2 of each section obtained at another time (for example, at the time of periodic inspection of the rope 1) are obtained. The change with time in the amplitude of the same section (for example, section 1) can be obtained by “δ2−δ1”. An example of the change over time of the amplitude thus obtained is shown in FIG. 1-17.
　図１－１７から、区間１１～区間１３が、正常時の振幅の値ｎｏｒよりも大きいことがわかる。また正常時の振幅の値ｎｏｒが不明であっても、他の区間よりも振幅の経時変化が大きいことがわかる。よって、区間１１～区間１３は、他の区間よりも大きな外径変化が現れた（すなわち、外径異常が発生した）ことがわかる。 1-17, it can be seen that the sections 11 to 13 are larger than the amplitude value nor in the normal state. Further, even when the amplitude value nor in the normal state is unknown, it can be seen that the change over time in the amplitude is larger than in other sections. Therefore, it can be seen that the outer diameter change is larger in the sections 11 to 13 than the other sections (that is, the outer diameter abnormality has occurred).
　なお、図１－１７では、異なる時点での比較として振幅を使用したが、外径異常を反映する数値であれば、振幅に代えて用いることができる。 In FIG. 1-17, the amplitude is used as a comparison at different time points, but any numerical value that reflects the outer diameter abnormality can be used instead of the amplitude.
　さらに、図１－１７では、振幅の経時的変化を、振幅の差分（δ２－δ１）で表示したが、差分に代えて、振幅の変化率（（δ２－δ１）／δ１）で表示してもよい。 Further, in FIG. 1-17, the change over time of the amplitude is displayed as the difference in amplitude (δ2-δ1), but instead of the difference, the change in amplitude ((δ2-δ1) / δ1) is displayed. Also good.
　この検出手法では、複数の区間に分割して、ある区間の振幅を２つの時点で測定して、その差を比較することにより、初期ばらつきが相殺することができる。よって、外径異常のみを検出することができる。
　また、この検出手法を利用すると、外径値の経時変化の傾向（トレンド）を監視することができるので、ロープ１の交換計画を立てる際に有用である。 In this detection method, the initial variation can be canceled by dividing into a plurality of sections, measuring the amplitude of a section at two time points, and comparing the difference. Therefore, it is possible to detect only the outer diameter abnormality.
In addition, when this detection method is used, the tendency of the outer diameter value to change with time can be monitored, which is useful when making an exchange plan for the rope 1.
　なお、同一区間の経時的変化を求めるには、異なる時点での総外径値を比較する必要があるが、その比較するための演算機能（第２の演算手段の演算機能）は、演算装置５０（図１－１）が備えていてもよく、また、別に準備した演算装置が備えてもよい。 In order to obtain the change over time in the same section, it is necessary to compare the total outer diameter values at different points in time. The calculation function for the comparison (the calculation function of the second calculation means) is a calculation device. 50 (FIG. 1-1) may be provided, or an arithmetic device prepared separately may be provided.
＜実施の形態２＞
　本実施の形態では、ロープ検査装置Ａのロープ位置算出手段３０はエンコーダ３１のみ（ロープ位置算出装置３２を含まない）から構成され、代わりに、エンコーダ３１から出力されたパルス信号Ｐ、－Ｐを変換手段２０のＡＤ変換器２２に入力する点で、実施の形態１と異なる（図２－１）。 <Embodiment 2>
In the present embodiment, the rope position calculation means 30 of the rope inspection apparatus A is composed of only the encoder 31 (not including the rope position calculation apparatus 32). Instead, the pulse signals P and -P output from the encoder 31 are used. This is different from the first embodiment in that it is input to the AD converter 22 of the conversion means 20 (FIG. 2-1).
　本実施の形態で用いられるＡＤ変換器２２としては、サンプリング信号を受信したらデジタルデータを出力する「サンプリング機能」を有しているものが利用される。そして、ＡＤ変換器２２に入力されるサンプリング信号として、エンコーダ３１からのパルス信号Ｐ、－Ｐを利用する。すなわち、本実施の形態は、ロープ１の外径値１ｄは、ロープ１が一定の搬送距離ｆだけ搬送されたタイミングでサンプリングされる。 As the AD converter 22 used in the present embodiment, one having a “sampling function” for outputting digital data when a sampling signal is received is used. The pulse signals P and -P from the encoder 31 are used as sampling signals input to the AD converter 22. That is, in the present embodiment, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 is sampled at the timing when the rope 1 is transported by a certain transport distance f.
　本実施の形態と実施の形態１との相違点を、ロープ外径値の測定方法に沿って説明する。特に、実施の形態１と異なる「ステップ２～５」について詳細に説明する。 The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment will be described along the measuring method of the rope outer diameter value. In particular, “steps 2 to 5” different from the first embodiment will be described in detail.
（ステップ２：ロープの外径値への変換）
　本実施の形態では、ＡＤ変換器２２から出力されるデジタル信号の出力のタイミングが実施の形態１と異なる。
　実施の形態１では、ＡＤ変換器２２からのデジタル信号は、連続的に出力される。
しなしながら、本実施の形態では、エンコーダ３１からのパルス信号Ｐ、－Ｐの入力があった時にのみ、ＡＤ変換器２２からデジタル信号が出力される。よって、「デジタル信号が出力された」ということは、前のデジタル信号が出力されてから、ロープ１が所定距離ｆだけ搬送されたことを意味している。そして、デジタル信号から換算されたロープ１の外径値データＤも、ロープ１を所定距離ｆごとの外径値１ｄであることがわかる。 (Step 2: Conversion to rope outer diameter value)
In the present embodiment, the output timing of the digital signal output from the AD converter 22 is different from that in the first embodiment.
In the first embodiment, the digital signal from the AD converter 22 is continuously output.
However, in the present embodiment, a digital signal is output from the AD converter 22 only when the pulse signals P and −P are input from the encoder 31. Therefore, “a digital signal has been output” means that the rope 1 has been conveyed by a predetermined distance f since the previous digital signal was output. And it turns out that the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 converted from the digital signal is also the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 for each predetermined distance f.
（ステップ３：ロープの位置データの取得）
　本実施の形態では、ロープ位置算出手段３０がエンコーダ３１のみからなる点と、エンコーダ３１から出力されたパルス信号ＰがＡＤ変換器２２に入力される点で、実施の形態１と異なる（図２－１）。よって、ステップ３では、位置データＤＬは得られない。 (Step 3: Acquisition of rope position data)
This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the rope position calculation means 30 is composed only of the encoder 31 and that the pulse signal P output from the encoder 31 is input to the AD converter 22 (FIG. 2). -1). Therefore, in step 3, the position data DL cannot be obtained.
（ステップ４：データの記憶）
　本実施の形態では、ステップ３で位置データＤＬが得られないので、記憶装置４０に記憶されるデータがロープ１の外径値データＤのみになる点で、実施の形態１と異なる（位置データＤＬは記憶されない）。また、外径値データＤが出力されるのは、サンプリング信号が入力された時だけに制限されるので、記憶装置４０に記憶される外径値データＤの個数が実施の形態１に比べて少なくなる。 (Step 4: Data storage)
In this embodiment, since the position data DL is not obtained in step 3, the data stored in the storage device 40 is only the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 and is different from the first embodiment (position data DL is not stored). Further, since the outer diameter value data D is output only when a sampling signal is input, the number of outer diameter value data D stored in the storage device 40 is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Less.
（ステップ５：データ解析）
　本実施の形態では、位置－外径値グラフの横軸の基準となるための位置データＤＬがない点で、実施の形態１と異なる。
　本実施の形態では、ロープ１の外径値データＤは、ロープ１を所定距離ｆだけ搬送したタイミングで得られる。よって、外径値データＤの横軸方向の間隔が所定距離ｆになるように、外径値データＤを等間隔で配置すれば、実際のロープ１の外観を反映したグラフをプロットすることができる（図２－２）。 (Step 5: Data analysis)
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that there is no position data DL to serve as a reference for the horizontal axis of the position-outer diameter value graph.
In the present embodiment, the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 is obtained at a timing when the rope 1 is conveyed by a predetermined distance f. Therefore, if the outer diameter value data D are arranged at equal intervals so that the distance in the horizontal axis direction of the outer diameter value data D is the predetermined distance f, a graph reflecting the actual appearance of the rope 1 can be plotted. Yes (Figure 2-2).
　本実施の形態では、エンコーダ３１のパルス信号が出力されるタイミングでデジタル信号がサンプリングされるので、外径値データＤのデータ数を減らして、記憶装置４０の効率的な利用ができる。また、ロープ位置算出装置３２が不要になるのでロープ検査装置Ａの簡略化とコストダウンを図ることができる。 In the present embodiment, since the digital signal is sampled at the timing when the pulse signal of the encoder 31 is output, the number of data of the outer diameter value data D can be reduced and the storage device 40 can be used efficiently. Further, since the rope position calculation device 32 is not required, the rope inspection device A can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
　＜実施の形態３＞
　本実施の形態では、ロープ検査装置Ａが、エンコーダ３１及びロープ位置算出装置３２を含まず、代わりに演算装置５０の演算手段５１がロープ位置算出手段３０としても機能する点で実施の形態１及び２と異なる（図３－１）。 <Embodiment 3>
In the present embodiment, the rope inspection apparatus A does not include the encoder 31 and the rope position calculation device 32, but instead the calculation means 51 of the calculation device 50 also functions as the rope position calculation means 30. 2 (FIG. 3-1).
　本実施の形態では、正しくプロットされた時間－外径値グラフでは、（１）グラフの凹凸（山と谷）が等間隔に現れる（図１－１２参照）、（２）グラフの凹凸の個数と、ロープ１の外層に用いられた外層ストランドの本数と、撚りピッチＴとの間に所定の相関関係があること（図１－９及び図１－１２参照）、を利用するものである。 In the present embodiment, in the correctly plotted time-outer diameter value graph, (1) irregularities (peaks and valleys) of the graph appear at equal intervals (see FIG. 1-12), (2) the number of irregularities in the graph And the fact that there is a predetermined correlation between the number of outer layer strands used for the outer layer of the rope 1 and the twist pitch T (see FIGS. 1-9 and 1-12).
　本実施の形態と実施の形態１～２との相違点を、ロープ外径値１ｄの測定方法に沿って説明する。特に、実施の形態１～２と異なる「ステップ３～５」について詳細に説明する The difference between the present embodiment and the first and second embodiments will be described along the measuring method of the rope outer diameter value 1d. In particular, “Steps 3 to 5” different from Embodiments 1 and 2 will be described in detail.
（ステップ３：ロープの位置データの取得）
　本実施の形態は、ロープ位置算出手段３０を備えていない（図３－１）。よってステップ３も含まれず、位置データＤＬは得られない。 (Step 3: Acquisition of rope position data)
This embodiment does not include the rope position calculation means 30 (FIG. 3-1). Therefore, step 3 is not included and position data DL cannot be obtained.
（ステップ４：データの記憶）
　本実施の形態では、ステップ３で位置データＤＬが得られないので、記憶装置４０に記憶されるデータがロープ１の外径値データＤのみになる点で、実施の形態１と異なる（位置データＤＬは記憶されない）。 (Step 4: Data storage)
In this embodiment, since the position data DL is not obtained in step 3, the data stored in the storage device 40 is only the outer diameter value data D of the rope 1 and is different from the first embodiment (position data DL is not stored).
（ステップ５：データ解析）
　本実施の形態では、データ解析の手法が実施の形態１及び２と大きく異なる。
　第１に、測定したロープ１の外層ストランドの本数（ｎ本）と、外層ストランドの撚りピッチＴとを予め調べておく。
　第２に、演算装置５０の演算手段５１によって、時間－外径値グラフをプロットする（図３－２）。なお、測定時にはロープ１を図１－１０の条件で走行させたので、図３－２の時間－外径値グラフの凹凸は等間隔になっていない。
　第３に、図３－２の時間－外径値グラフから、凹凸の頂部（山と谷）を抽出する（図３－３）。 (Step 5: Data analysis)
In the present embodiment, the data analysis method is significantly different from those in the first and second embodiments.
First, the number (n) of outer layer strands of the rope 1 measured and the twist pitch T of the outer layer strands are examined in advance.
Secondly, a time-outer diameter graph is plotted by the computing means 51 of the computing device 50 (FIG. 3-2). Since the rope 1 was run under the conditions shown in FIG. 1-10 at the time of measurement, the irregularities in the time-outer diameter value graph of FIG. 3-2 are not evenly spaced.
Third, from the time-outer diameter graph of FIG. 3-2, the tops (peaks and valleys) of the irregularities are extracted (FIG. 3-3).
　得られた図３－３のグラフを、実施の形態１から得られたグラフの特徴である（１）山と谷とは等間隔に並ぶこと、（２）外層ストランドの撚りピッチＴの範囲内に、山と谷とが、それぞれｎ個ずつ配置されること、の２つを共に実現するように再プロットする。この再プロットは、言い換えれば、図３－３のグラフの凹凸と、ロープ１の表面の凹凸とを対応させることである。この再プロットにより、図３－４のような位置－外径値グラフを得ることができる。 The obtained graph of FIG. 3-3 is characterized by the characteristics of the graph obtained from the first embodiment (1) The peaks and valleys are arranged at equal intervals, and (2) the twist pitch T of the outer layer strand is within the range. Then, replotting is performed so as to realize both of n that there are n peaks and valleys. In other words, this replot is to make the unevenness of the graph of FIG. 3-3 correspond to the unevenness of the surface of the rope 1. By this replotting, a position-outer diameter value graph as shown in FIG. 3-4 can be obtained.
　本実施の形態では、実施の形態１で得られた知見を利用して、時間－外径値グラフを位置－外径値グラフに再プロットしているので、エンコーダ３１及びロープ位置算出装置３２が不要になる。よって、ロープ検査装置Ａの簡略化とコストダウンを図ることができる。
　また、位置データＤＬを記憶装置４０に記憶する必要がないので、記憶装置４０の効率的な利用ができる。
　さらに、ロープの伸びやすべりによって、エンコーダ３１からのパルス信号Ｐと、実際のロープの搬送距離との間にズレが生じた場合でも、本実施の形態はパルス信号Ｐを利用していないので、そのようなズレの影響を受けない。よって、常に正確なロープ位置を確認することができる。 In the present embodiment, the time-outer diameter value graph is replotted to the position-outer diameter value graph using the knowledge obtained in the first embodiment, so that the encoder 31 and the rope position calculating device 32 are It becomes unnecessary. Therefore, simplification and cost reduction of the rope inspection apparatus A can be achieved.
Further, since it is not necessary to store the position data DL in the storage device 40, the storage device 40 can be used efficiently.
Further, even when a deviation occurs between the pulse signal P from the encoder 31 and the actual rope transport distance due to the elongation or slip of the rope, the present embodiment does not use the pulse signal P. Unaffected by such misalignment. Therefore, an accurate rope position can always be confirmed.
　本実施の形態におけるロープ位置算出手段は、図３－３のグラフの凹凸とロープ１の表面の凹凸とを対応させて、外径値１ｄの位置を確定している「演算装置５０の演算手段５１」である、と見なすことができる。なお、凹凸を対応させるための演算機能を有する演算装置を別に準備してもよい。 The rope position calculation means in the present embodiment determines the position of the outer diameter value 1d by associating the unevenness of the graph of FIG. 51 ". In addition, you may prepare separately the arithmetic device which has a calculation function for making an unevenness | corrugation respond | correspond.
＜実施の形態４＞
　本実施の形態では、受光部６の代わりに、２つの受光部６Ｌ、６Ｒを設けた点で実施の形態１～３と異なる。本実施の形態は、ロープ１の後方に位置する受光部６は不要であるとして、ロープ１の両側に限定して受光部６Ｌ、６Ｒを設けたものである（図４－１）。 <Embodiment 4>
This embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that two light receiving parts 6L and 6R are provided instead of the light receiving part 6. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the light receiving unit 6 located behind the rope 1 is unnecessary, and the light receiving units 6L and 6R are provided only on both sides of the rope 1 (FIG. 4-1).
　本実施の形態と実施の形態１～３との相違点を、ロープ外径値の測定方法に沿って説明する。特に、実施の形態１～３と異なる「ステップ１」について詳細に説明する。 The difference between the present embodiment and the first to third embodiments will be described along the measuring method of the rope outer diameter value. In particular, “Step 1” different from Embodiments 1 to 3 will be described in detail.
（ステップ１：光量の測定）
　図４－１に示すように、光源４から射出された不均一光は、均一化光学系５を通って略均一強度の均一光２にされ、スリット１５を通って横長形状又は長方形に整形される（図１－６、図１－７）。整形された均一光２の測定ビーム２Ｍは、ロープ１に照射される。測定ビーム２Ｍの一部はロープ１によって遮光される。遮光されなかった測定ビーム２Ｍは、ロープ１の両側を通って進行する（図４－１）。 (Step 1: Measurement of light intensity)
As shown in FIG. 4A, the non-uniform light emitted from the light source 4 passes through the homogenizing optical system 5 to become uniform light 2 having a substantially uniform intensity, and is shaped into a horizontally long shape or a rectangle through the slit 15. (FIGS. 1-6 and 1-7). The shaped measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 is irradiated onto the rope 1. A part of the measurement beam 2M is shielded by the rope 1. The measurement beam 2M that is not shielded travels through both sides of the rope 1 (FIG. 4-1).
　遮光されなかった均一光２の測定ビーム２Ｍは、ロープ１によって２つに分割される（分割光２Ｌ、２Ｒ）。分割光２Ｌ、２Ｒは、２つの集光レンズ８Ｌ、８Ｒによって集光され、２つの受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒに入射する。２つの受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒは、受光した分割光２Ｌ、２Ｒの光量に応じた信号を出力する。この２つの受光素子（左側受光素子７Ｌ、右側受光素子７Ｒ）からそれぞれ出力された信号を加算して、１つの受光部出力処理回路２１に入力される（図４－２）。 The measurement beam 2M of the uniform light 2 that is not shielded is split into two by the rope 1 (split light 2L, 2R). The divided lights 2L and 2R are condensed by the two condenser lenses 8L and 8R and enter the two light receiving elements 7L and 7R. The two light receiving elements 7L and 7R output signals corresponding to the light amounts of the received split lights 2L and 2R. Signals output from the two light receiving elements (left light receiving element 7L and right light receiving element 7R) are added and input to one light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 (FIG. 4-2).
　本実施の形態によれば、図１－２のような直径の大きい１枚の集光レンズ８を、図４－２のように直径の小さい２枚の集光レンズに置き換えることができる。よって、ロープ検査装置Ａの小型化が図れる。 According to the present embodiment, one condenser lens 8 having a large diameter as shown in FIG. 1-2 can be replaced with two condenser lenses having a small diameter as shown in FIG. 4-2. Therefore, the rope inspection apparatus A can be reduced in size.
＜実施の形態５＞
　本実施の形態では、実施の形態４で説明した「ステップ１」で、左側受光素子７Ｌと右側受光素子７Ｒとからそれぞれ出力された信号を加算して受光部出力処理回路２１に入力する代わりに、ぞれぞれの信号を別々に受光部出力処理回路２１する点で、実施の形態４と異なる（図５－１）。
　また、本実施の形態では、実施の形態１～４に開示されていない２つのデータ解析（これを「ステップ５’：データ解析２」と「ステップ５’’：データ解析３」と称する）を含んでいる点で異なる。 <Embodiment 5>
In the present embodiment, instead of adding the signals respectively output from the left light receiving element 7L and the right light receiving element 7R and inputting them to the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 in “Step 1” described in the fourth embodiment. This is different from the fourth embodiment in that each signal is separately received by the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 (FIG. 5A).
In the present embodiment, two data analyzes not disclosed in the first to fourth embodiments (referred to as “step 5 ′: data analysis 2” and “step 5 ″: data analysis 3”) are performed. It differs in that it includes.
（ステップ５’：データ解析２）
　各受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒから受光部出力処理回路２１に入力された２つのデータ列（Ｌ、Ｒ）は、ＡＤ変換器２２で別々にデジタルデータに変換する。
　２つのデジタルデータ（Ｌ、Ｒ）を受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒからの出力に換算し、換算値を時間軸に対してプロットすると、図５－２（ａ）～（ｂ）のようなグラフが得られる。 (Step 5 ': Data analysis 2)
The two data strings (L, R) input from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R to the light receiving unit output processing circuit 21 are separately converted into digital data by the AD converter 22.
When the two digital data (L, R) are converted into outputs from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R and the converted values are plotted with respect to the time axis, graphs as shown in FIGS. 5-2 (a) to (b) are obtained. It is done.
　図５－２（ａ）、図５－２（ｂ）のグラフから、測定対象のロープ１が、測定時間の間に周期的な横揺れが生じていることがわかる。
　グラフ中の(i)の時点では、左右の受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒで受光した光量は同じである。これは、図４－１のようにロープ１が均一光２の中心にあり、ロープ１の両側を抜ける分割光２Ｌ、２Ｒが同じ光量になっていることを意味している。
　(ii)の時点では、左側受光素子７Ｌの受光量が多く、右側受光素子７Ｒの受光量が少ない。これは、図５－３のようにロープ１が均一光２の中心よりも右側にずれており、ロープ１の左側を抜ける左側分割光２Ｌが、ロープ１の右側を抜ける右側分割光２Ｒよりも多くなっていることを意味している。
　(iii)の時点では、左側受光素子７Ｌの受光量が少なく、右側受光素子７Ｒの受光量が多い。これは、ロープ１が均一光２の中心よりも左側にずれており、ロープ１の左側を抜ける左側分割光２Ｌが、ロープ１の右側を抜ける右側分割光２Ｒよりも少なくなっていることを意味している。 From the graphs of FIGS. 5-2 (a) and 5-2 (b), it can be seen that the rope 1 to be measured is periodically rolled during the measurement time.
At the time point (i) in the graph, the amounts of light received by the left and right light receiving elements 7L and 7R are the same. This means that the rope 1 is at the center of the uniform light 2 as shown in FIG. 4A and the divided lights 2L and 2R passing through both sides of the rope 1 have the same light quantity.
At the time of (ii), the light receiving amount of the left light receiving element 7L is large and the light receiving amount of the right light receiving element 7R is small. This is because the rope 1 is shifted to the right side from the center of the uniform light 2 as shown in FIG. 5-3, and the left split light 2L passing through the left side of the rope 1 is more than the right split light 2R passing through the right side of the rope 1 It means that it is increasing.
At the time of (iii), the light receiving amount of the left light receiving element 7L is small, and the light receiving amount of the right light receiving element 7R is large. This means that the rope 1 is shifted to the left side from the center of the uniform light 2, and the left split light 2L passing through the left side of the rope 1 is less than the right split light 2R passing through the right side of the rope 1. is doing.
　図５－２（ａ）、図５－２（ｂ）の結果からロープ１の左右方向の位置を求めて、時間に対してプロットすると、図５－２（ｃ）が得られる。図５－２（ｃ）から、ロープ１が周期的に横揺れしていることがわかる。 Fig. 5-2 (c) is obtained when the horizontal position of the rope 1 is obtained from the results of Figs. 5-2 (a) and 5-2 (b) and plotted against time. From FIG. 5-2 (c), it can be seen that the rope 1 periodically rolls.
　さらに、図５－２（ｃ）から求められるロープ１の横揺れの周波数は、ロープ１のテンション（張力）と密接な関係がある。そこで、ある時点におけるロープ１の横揺れの周波数を、正常なテンションがかかった状態のロープ１の横揺れの周波数と比較することにより、ロープ１のテンション異常を検出することができる。 Furthermore, the rolling frequency of the rope 1 obtained from FIG. 5-2 (c) is closely related to the tension of the rope 1. Therefore, the tension abnormality of the rope 1 can be detected by comparing the rolling frequency of the rope 1 at a certain point of time with the rolling frequency of the rope 1 in a normal tension state.
　様々な長さのロープ１が正常なテンションで装着されている場合の周波数（これを「基本振動数」と称する）を予め算出しておく。
　そして、図５－２（ｃ）のグラフから横揺れの振動数を求め、その時点におけるロープ１の長さをロープ１の位置データＤＬから算出する。
　そのロープ１の長さにおける基本振動数と、横揺れの振動数とを比較して、相違する場合にはテンション異常と判定する。 The frequency (this is referred to as “fundamental frequency”) when ropes 1 of various lengths are attached with normal tension is calculated in advance.
Then, the rolling vibration frequency is obtained from the graph of FIG. 5-2 (c), and the length of the rope 1 at that time is calculated from the position data DL of the rope 1.
The basic frequency in the length of the rope 1 is compared with the vibration frequency of the roll, and if they are different, it is determined that the tension is abnormal.
　また、図５－２（ｃ）からは、ロープ１の振幅を求めることもできる。求めた振幅が、設計上許される範囲を超えている場合には振幅異常と判定する。 Also, the amplitude of the rope 1 can be obtained from FIG. 5-2 (c). If the obtained amplitude exceeds the allowable range in design, it is determined that the amplitude is abnormal.
　このように、左右の受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒの光量を別々にグラフ化して、そのグラフを相対的に検討することにより、ロープ位置は、図５－２（ｃ）のように左右に変動（横揺れ）していることを知ることができる。また、左右の分割光２Ｌ、２Ｒの光量変化の量から、ロープ１の横揺れの程度を知ることもできる。さらに、ロープ１の横揺れの周波数から、ロープ１にかかっているテンションの異常を検出することもできる。 In this way, by separately graphing the light amounts of the left and right light receiving elements 7L and 7R and relatively examining the graphs, the rope position fluctuates left and right (horizontal) as shown in FIG. 5-2 (c). You can know that it is shaking. Further, it is possible to know the degree of roll of the rope 1 from the amount of change in the light quantity of the left and right divided lights 2L and 2R. Furthermore, the tension abnormality applied to the rope 1 can be detected from the rolling frequency of the rope 1.
（ステップ５’’：データ解析３）
　ステップ５’で得られた２つのデジタルデータ（Ｌ、Ｒ）を、演算装置５０に入力する（図５－１）。演算装置５０の演算手段５１では、デジタルデータ（Ｌ、Ｒ）の各々を平均化して、２つの平均値（Ｌ、Ｒ）を算出する。得られた２つの平均値（Ｌ、Ｒ）を受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒからの出力に換算し、記憶装置４０に記憶する。 (Step 5 ″: Data analysis 3)
The two digital data (L, R) obtained in step 5 ′ are input to the arithmetic unit 50 (FIG. 5-1). The computing means 51 of the computing device 50 averages each digital data (L, R) to calculate two average values (L, R). The two average values (L, R) obtained are converted into outputs from the light receiving elements 7L, 7R and stored in the storage device 40.
　左側受光素子７Ｌで受光した光量の平均値は、図５－２（ａ）のａｖｅ（Ｌ）である。そして、右側受光素子７Ｒで受光した光量の平均値は、図５－２（ｂ）のａｖｅ（Ｒ）である。これらの平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）は、停止したロープ１を測定した際の受光素子７Ｌ、７Ｒの受光量と一致する。
　ａｖｅ（Ｌ）＝ａｖｅ（Ｒ）であるならば、停止時のロープ１は均一光２の中心にあることがわかる。ロープ検査装置Ａを設置する際には、ロープ１が均一光２の中心になるように位置決めするので、設置直後の測定では、ａｖｅ（Ｌ）＝ａｖｅ（Ｒ）となる。 The average value of the amount of light received by the left light receiving element 7L is ave (L) in FIG. The average value of the amount of light received by the right light receiving element 7R is ave (R) in FIG. These average values ave (L) and ave (R) coincide with the amounts of light received by the light receiving elements 7L and 7R when the stopped rope 1 is measured.
If ave (L) = ave (R), it can be seen that the rope 1 when stopped is at the center of the uniform light 2. When the rope inspection apparatus A is installed, the rope 1 is positioned so as to be the center of the uniform light 2, so that ave (L) = ave (R) is obtained in the measurement immediately after the installation.
　もし、ａｖｅ（Ｌ）≠ａｖｅ（Ｒ）となった場合、ロープ１が均一光２の中心からずれたことがわかる。ａｖｅ（Ｌ）＞ａｖｅ（Ｒ）ならばロープ１は右にずれており、ａｖｅ（Ｌ）＜ａｖｅ（Ｒ）ならばロープ１は左にずれている。このように、平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）は、ロープ１とロープ検査装置Ａとの位置関係が適正かどうかを知る指標になる。
　また、ロープ１とロープ検査装置Ａとの経時的な位置関係の変化を調べるには、過去に算出した光量の平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）と、別の時点における光量の平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）とを比較すればよい。 If ave (L) ≠ ave (R), it can be seen that the rope 1 is displaced from the center of the uniform light 2. If ave (L)> ave (R), the rope 1 is shifted to the right, and if ave (L) <ave (R), the rope 1 is shifted to the left. Thus, the average values ave (L) and ave (R) serve as an index for knowing whether the positional relationship between the rope 1 and the rope inspection apparatus A is appropriate.
Further, in order to examine the change in the positional relationship between the rope 1 and the rope inspection apparatus A with time, the average values ave (L) and ave (R) of the light amount calculated in the past and the average value of the light amount at different time points are used. What is necessary is just to compare ave (L) and ave (R).
　過去の光量の平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）と、現時点での光量の平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）とを比較することにより、ロープ検査装置Ａを設置したときから現時点までの間に、ロープ１が移動したかどうか、そしてどれくらい移動したか、を知ることができる。 By comparing the average value ave (L), ave (R) of the past light quantity with the average value ave (L), ave (R) of the current light quantity, the present time from when the rope inspection apparatus A is installed In the meantime, it is possible to know whether and how much the rope 1 has moved.
　なお、本実施の形態では、光量の平均値ａｖｅ（Ｌ）、ａｖｅ（Ｒ）を求め、それらを過去のデータと比較するための演算機能（第４の演算手段の演算機能）を、演算装置５０（図５－１）が備えている例を説明したが、別に準備した演算装置がその演算機能を備えてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the arithmetic function (the arithmetic function of the fourth arithmetic means) for obtaining the average values ave (L) and ave (R) of the light amount and comparing them with past data is provided in the arithmetic device. Although the example provided in FIG. 50 (FIG. 5-1) has been described, an arithmetic device prepared separately may have the arithmetic function.
　＜変形例１＞
　実施の形態１～５では、スリット１５により整形した均一光２を使用していたが、整形しない均一光２を使用することもできる。 <Modification 1>
In the first to fifth embodiments, the uniform light 2 shaped by the slit 15 is used. However, the uniform light 2 that is not shaped can also be used.
　図６－１のような円形の測定ビーム２Ｍ、または図６－２のような楕円形の測定ビーム２Ｍでは、ロープ１が横揺れしたときに、ロープ１と測定ビーム２Ｍとの位置関係によって、受光部６で受ける受光量が変動する。すなわち、図６－１（ａ）、図６－２（ａ）のように、ロープ１の長軸方向の中心線Ｃが、測定ビーム２Ｍの中心を通る場合と、図６－１（ｂ）、図６－２（ｂ）のように、ロープ１の長軸方向の中心線Ｃが、測定ビーム２Ｍの中心からずれた場合とを比較する。円形の測定ビーム２Ｍの場合、ロープ１に遮光されなかった測定ビーム２Ｍの総面積（受光部６で受光する受光量に比例）は、図６－１（ｂ）のほうが、図６－１（ａ）よりも大きくなる。楕円形の測定ビーム２Ｍの場合も同様に、ロープ１に遮光されなかった測定ビーム２Ｍの総面積は、図６－２（ｂ）のほうが、図６－２（ａ）よりも大きくなる。よって、ロープ１が横揺れして、測定ビーム２Ｍ内におけるロープ１の位置が変化すると、受光部６での受光量が変動する。そのため、実施の形態１～５のような簡単な変換処理では、ロープ１の外径値１ｄを求めることができない。 In the circular measurement beam 2M as shown in FIG. 6-1 or the elliptical measurement beam 2M as shown in FIG. 6-2, when the rope 1 rolls, depending on the positional relationship between the rope 1 and the measurement beam 2M, The amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 varies. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6-1 (a) and 6-2 (a), the center line C in the major axis direction of the rope 1 passes through the center of the measurement beam 2M, and FIG. 6-1 (b) Compared with the case where the center line C in the long axis direction of the rope 1 is deviated from the center of the measurement beam 2M as shown in FIG. In the case of the circular measurement beam 2M, the total area of the measurement beam 2M that is not shielded by the rope 1 (proportional to the amount of light received by the light-receiving unit 6) is as shown in FIG. larger than a). Similarly, in the case of the elliptical measurement beam 2M, the total area of the measurement beam 2M not shielded by the rope 1 is larger in FIG. 6-2 (b) than in FIG. 6-2 (a). Therefore, when the rope 1 rolls and the position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam 2M changes, the amount of light received by the light receiving unit 6 varies. Therefore, the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 cannot be obtained by a simple conversion process as in the first to fifth embodiments.
　しかしながら、円形又は楕円形の測定ビーム２Ｍを用いた場合であっても、測定ビーム２Ｍ中のロープ１の位置ごとに、照射される測定ビーム２Ｍの光量と受光素子７で受光する受光量とに基づいたロープ１の外径値１ｄを求めるためのデータテーブルを用いることにより、ロープ１の外径値１ｄを求めることができる。 However, even when a circular or elliptical measurement beam 2M is used, the amount of the measurement beam 2M to be irradiated and the amount of light received by the light receiving element 7 are different for each position of the rope 1 in the measurement beam 2M. The outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1 can be obtained by using a data table for obtaining the outer diameter value 1d of the rope 1.
　＜変形例２＞
　実施の形態１～５では、１本のロープ１の検査をするためのロープ検査装置Ａについて詳述した。もし、複数のロープ１の検査が必要な場合には、均一光照射手段３、受光部６及び受光部出力処理回路２１をロープ１と同数準備して、各ロープ１に対して設置する。そして、複数の受光部出力処理回路２１からの電圧信号を、１つのＡＤ変換器２２に接続すればよい。 <Modification 2>
In the first to fifth embodiments, the rope inspection apparatus A for inspecting one rope 1 has been described in detail. If inspection of a plurality of ropes 1 is necessary, the same number of uniform light irradiation means 3, light receiving units 6, and light receiving unit output processing circuits 21 are prepared as the number of ropes 1 and installed on each rope 1. Then, the voltage signals from the plurality of light receiving unit output processing circuits 21 may be connected to one AD converter 22.
　＜変形例３＞
　実施の形態１～５で参照した図面では、均一光２は、均一化光学系５から集光レンズ８まで平行な平行均一光として図示されているが、例えば均一化光学系５から集光レンズ８に向かって測定ビーム２Ｍが拡大するような非平行の均一光２を用いることもできる。
　非平行な均一光２の場合、測定ビーム２Ｍの光軸に垂直で、且つロープ１の中心線Ｃを通る平面において、測定ビーム２Ｍの強度が均一になるように均一化光学系５を調節する。従って、その平面からロープ１がずれないような用途では、非平行な均一光２を利用できる。 <Modification 3>
In the drawings referred to in the first to fifth embodiments, the uniform light 2 is shown as parallel uniform light from the homogenizing optical system 5 to the condensing lens 8. It is also possible to use non-parallel uniform light 2 in which the measurement beam 2M expands toward 8.
In the case of the non-parallel uniform light 2, the uniformizing optical system 5 is adjusted so that the intensity of the measurement beam 2M is uniform in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the measurement beam 2M and passing through the center line C of the rope 1. . Therefore, in an application where the rope 1 does not deviate from the plane, the non-parallel uniform light 2 can be used.
　一方、平行な均一光２の場合、均一化光学系５から集光レンズ８までの間であれば、測定ビーム２Ｍの光軸に垂直な面内の測定ビーム２Ｍの強度は略均一である。よって、ロープ１が測定ビーム２Ｍの光軸方向（光線の進行方向ＤｉｒＬ）（図１－２の左右方向）に横揺れしても、ロープ１に照射される測定ビーム２Ｍの均一性が変化しない、という利点がある。 On the other hand, in the case of the parallel uniform light 2, the intensity of the measurement beam 2 </ b> M in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the measurement beam 2 </ b> M is substantially uniform between the uniformizing optical system 5 and the condenser lens 8. Therefore, even if the rope 1 rolls in the optical axis direction of the measurement beam 2M (ray traveling direction DirL) (left-right direction in FIG. 1-2), the uniformity of the measurement beam 2M irradiated on the rope 1 does not change. There is an advantage that.

Claims (11)

  1. 　走行するロープに光線を照射するために、前記光線の光軸と直交し且つ前記ロープの走行方向と直交する第１の方向における前記光線の幅が、前記ロープの最大外径値と前記ロープが走行中に第１の方向に移動する幅とを加算した値より大きい前記光線を出射する光照射手段と、
    　前記ロープを挟んで前記光照射手段と対向して配置され、前記光線の光量を検出する受光手段と、
    　前記受光手段で検出された前記光量を前記ロープの外径値に変換する変換手段と、
    を含むロープ検査装置であって、
    　前記光線の強度は、前記光線の進行方向に対して垂直な面内で、且つ前記ロープに照射される範囲内では略均一であることを特徴とするロープ検査装置。     In order to irradiate the traveling rope with a light beam, the width of the light beam in a first direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the light beam and orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is the maximum outer diameter value of the rope and the rope A light irradiating means for emitting the light beam larger than a value obtained by adding a width of movement in the first direction during traveling;
    A light receiving means that is disposed opposite the light irradiating means across the rope, and detects the amount of the light beam;
    Conversion means for converting the light quantity detected by the light receiving means into an outer diameter value of the rope;
    A rope inspection device comprising:
    The rope inspection apparatus characterized in that the intensity of the light beam is substantially uniform within a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light beam and within a range irradiated on the rope.
  2. 　前記ロープ検査装置が、前記測定ビーム範囲内の前記光線を整形するためのスリットをさらに含み、
    　前記スリットには、前記ロープの走行方向と直交する方向に伸びる開口部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection apparatus further includes a slit for shaping the light beam within the measurement beam range,
    The rope inspection device according to claim 1, wherein an opening that extends in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the rope is formed in the slit.
  3. 　前記ロープ検査装置は、
    　　前記ロープの位置データを出力するロープ位置算出手段と、
    　　前記ロープの前記位置データと前記変換手段から出力される前記外径値とを同期して記録可能な記憶手段と、
    をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection device
    Rope position calculating means for outputting position data of the rope;
    Storage means capable of recording the position data of the rope and the outer diameter value output from the conversion means in synchronization;
    The rope inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
  4. 　前記ロープ位置算出手段が、ロープ搬送手段に設置されて、一定の搬送距離毎にパルス信号を出力するエンコーダを含むことを特徴とする請求項３に記載のロープ検査装置。 4. The rope inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the rope position calculation means includes an encoder that is installed in the rope conveyance means and outputs a pulse signal at every constant conveyance distance.
  5. 　前記ロープ検査装置は、前記エンコーダからの前記パルス信号を受信したタイミングで、前記受光手段で検出された前記光量のデータをサンプリングするためのサンプリング手段をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項４に記載のロープ検査装置。 The rope inspection device further includes sampling means for sampling the light quantity data detected by the light receiving means at the timing of receiving the pulse signal from the encoder. Rope inspection equipment.
  6. 　前記ロープ位置算出手段が、前記外径値と、前記ロープの長手方向における前記ロープのストランドの位置とを対応させる機能を有することを特徴とする請求項３に記載のロープ検査装置。 4. The rope inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the rope position calculation means has a function of making the outer diameter value correspond to the position of the rope strand in the longitudinal direction of the rope.
  7. 　前記ロープ検査装置が、第１の演算手段を含み、
    　前記第１の演算手段が、
    　　前記ロープの前記位置データに基づいて求めた前記ロープの長さを基準として、前記外径値またはこれに基づく算出値を複数の区間に分割する機能と、
    　　各区間に含まれる前記外径値またはこれに基づく算出値と、他の区間に含まれる外径値またはこれに基づく算出値とを比較する機能と、
    を備えていることを特徴とする請求項３乃至６のいずれか１項に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection apparatus includes a first calculation means,
    The first computing means comprises:
    A function of dividing the outer diameter value or a calculated value based on the outer diameter value into a plurality of sections on the basis of the length of the rope obtained based on the position data of the rope;
    A function of comparing the outer diameter value included in each section or a calculated value based thereon with an outer diameter value included in another section or a calculated value based thereon;
    The rope inspection device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the rope inspection device is provided.
  8. 　前記ロープ検査装置が、第２の演算手段を含み、
    　前記第２の演算手段が、前記区間の各々に含まれる前記外径値またはこれに基づく算出値と、別の時点に測定された同一区間に含まれる前記外径値またはこれに基づく算出値とを比較する機能を備えていることを特徴とする請求項７に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection apparatus includes a second calculation means,
    The second computing means includes the outer diameter value included in each of the sections or a calculated value based thereon, and the outer diameter value included in the same section measured at another time point or a calculated value based thereon. The rope inspection device according to claim 7, comprising a function of comparing the two.
  9. 　前記ロープ検査装置が、第３の演算手段を含み、
    　前記第３の演算手段が、前記ロープの前記外径値データから、前記ロープの外径異常に対応した凹凸周期成分を抽出する機能を備えていることを特徴とする請求項３乃至８のいずれか１項に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection apparatus includes a third calculation unit,
    The said 3rd calculating means has a function which extracts the uneven | corrugated period component corresponding to the outer diameter abnormality of the said rope from the said outer diameter value data of the said rope, The any one of Claim 3 thru | or 8 characterized by the above-mentioned. The rope inspection device according to claim 1.
  10. 　前記受光手段が２つの受光部を備え、
    　前記２つの受光部の各々は、前記ロープの両側を通過する２つの光線の各々を受光するように配置されていることをする請求項１乃至９のいずれか１項に記載のロープ検査装置。     The light receiving means comprises two light receiving portions;
    10. The rope inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the two light receiving units is arranged to receive each of two light beams passing through both sides of the rope.
  11. 　前記ロープ検査装置が、第４の演算手段を含み、
    　前記第４の演算手段が、
    　　前記２つの受光部の各々で検出した光量の個々の平均値を求める機能と、
    　　前記光量の個々の平均値と、別の時点に検出された前記光量の個々の平均値とを比較する機能と、
    を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１０に記載のロープ検査装置。     The rope inspection apparatus includes a fourth calculation means,
    The fourth computing means is
    A function for obtaining an individual average value of the amount of light detected by each of the two light receiving units;
    A function of comparing the individual average values of the light amounts with the individual average values of the light amounts detected at different time points;
    The rope inspection apparatus according to claim 10, comprising:
PCT/JP2010/073545 2010-03-03 2010-12-27 Rope inspection device WO2011108173A1 (en)

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CN114604712A (en) * 2020-12-03 2022-06-10 株式会社日立大厦*** Position detection device of hard steel wire
CN114604712B (en) * 2020-12-03 2024-03-08 株式会社日立大厦*** Position detection device for hard steel wire

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