WO2011099087A1 - Chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material and method for producing same - Google Patents

Chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material and method for producing same Download PDF

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WO2011099087A1
WO2011099087A1 PCT/JP2010/000920 JP2010000920W WO2011099087A1 WO 2011099087 A1 WO2011099087 A1 WO 2011099087A1 JP 2010000920 W JP2010000920 W JP 2010000920W WO 2011099087 A1 WO2011099087 A1 WO 2011099087A1
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hemostatic material
chitin
sponge
hemostatic
acid
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PCT/JP2010/000920
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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黒住誠司
福田稔
高森吉守
岩崎道寛
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甲陽ケミカル株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2010/000920 priority Critical patent/WO2011099087A1/en
Priority to JP2011553658A priority patent/JP5588465B2/en
Publication of WO2011099087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011099087A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/42Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix
    • A61L27/425Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix of phosphorus containing material, e.g. apatite
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/17Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C08K5/175Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing COOH-groups; Esters or salts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/04Materials for stopping bleeding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/048Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2207/00Foams characterised by their intended use
    • C08J2207/12Sanitary use, e.g. diapers, napkins or bandages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2305/00Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
    • C08J2305/08Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sponge hemostatic material mainly composed of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt and a method for producing the same.
  • Chitin and chitosan are widely used in the cosmetics field, the medical field, the food field, and the like, and are preferably used as natural materials in the same manner as collagen materials.
  • the past application examples are mostly used as powders, and no applications utilizing shapes such as molded articles have been found. Since this natural polymer, chitosan, is easily dissolved in an aqueous acid solution such as acetic acid, various molded articles such as films, fibers, and sponges can be prepared by wet molding.
  • an aqueous acid solution such as acetic acid
  • various molded articles such as films, fibers, and sponges can be prepared by wet molding.
  • Chitosan is defined as a deacetylated product of chitin, and generally has a degree of deacetylation of 70 to 80% or more and is insoluble in water but chitin is soluble in dilute acid solution that does not dissolve. have.
  • Patent Document 1 An attempt to use chitin and chitosan as a medical band has been made for more than 20 years, and there is also disclosure of an organic acid salt thereof (Patent Document 1). Attempts have also been made to make chitosan into a sponge form (Patent Document 2). An attempt was made to commercialize an organic acid salt of chitin or a chitin derivative (Patent Document 3) (Patent Document 4) (Patent Document 5). However, none of these products are perfect in terms of usefulness and safety as hemostatic materials. The present inventors have also proposed a novel hemostatic material that improves chitosan itself, adjusts the degree of deacetylation, and makes it amorphous (Patent Document 6) (Patent Document 7). Furthermore, the present applicant has also tried to provide an improved preparation of chitosan sponge (Patent Document 8) (Patent Document 9).
  • Patent Document 10 a manufacturing method having a performance that is expected to be practically used for a sponge-like hemostatic material, and develops a high-quality performance equivalent to or higher than that of a sponge-like hemostatic material prepared by collagen. I tried this (Patent Document 10). Although the chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material disclosed in Patent Document 10 exhibits an excellent effect, it is difficult to stably form the hemostatic agent and mass production is difficult. Furthermore, a decrease in the strength of the hemostatic material due to irradiation of ⁇ rays as a sterilization treatment could not be avoided (see FIG. 13). In addition, it is necessary to improve the hemostatic effect of the hemostatic material, and the hemostatic material may be cracked.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems. More specifically, a chitin-derived sponge that can be easily mass-produced, maintains the necessary hemostatic strength even when ⁇ -irradiated, has a homogeneous property that does not crack, and has an improved hemostatic effect. Providing a hemostatic material was an issue to be solved.
  • amorphous chitin amorphous partially deacetylated chitin
  • heat treatment in the production process of a sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin.
  • Improved mass production and addition of humidification treatment enables mass production easily, maintains the strength of the hemostatic material required even by ⁇ -ray irradiation, has a homogeneous property without cracking, and has a hemostatic effect
  • a method for producing a sponge hemostatic material mainly comprising an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt comprising the following steps; (1) suspending amorphous partially deacetylated chitin having a deacetylation degree of 20 to 80%, (2) A step of adding 0.2 to 1.0 mol of gluconic acid or aspartic acid to 1 mol of the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin to the suspension of (1) above, (3) adding ethanol of 0.4 to 1.0% of the total solution weight to the solution of (2), (4) A step of freezing the filtrate obtained from the solution of (3) above, pulverizing it and making it into a sherbet to obtain frozen sherbet ice, (5) A step of freeze-drying the sherbet frozen ice of (4) to obtain a freeze-dried product, (6) A step of heating the lyophilized product of (5) above at 85 to 95 ° C.
  • a step of performing a humidification process on the heat-treated product of (6) 2.
  • 3. The method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material according to item 1 or 2, wherein the humidification treatment is to adjust the water content of the hemostatic material to about 10 to 19%. 4).
  • 4. The production method according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein ultrapure water is used as water used in the production method. 5.
  • the sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin produced by the production method of the present invention can be easily mass-produced, has a homogeneous property that maintains the necessary strength of the hemostatic material even by ⁇ -irradiation, and does not crack. In addition, the hemostatic material has an improved hemostatic effect.
  • the partially deacetylated chitin in the present invention is derived from chitin which is a kind of amino polysaccharide contained in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crab and shrimp, and has a chemical structure of repeating glucosamine and a small amount of N-acetylglucosamine. It is a polymer derived from a natural product that is a structure.
  • chitin obtained by deproteinizing crustacean exoskeletons with alkali such as caustic soda and decalcifying with acid solution such as hydrochloric acid is further obtained by partial deacetylation with high concentration alkaline aqueous solution such as caustic soda. It is done. It is sparingly soluble in water and dissolves in acid aqueous solutions such as acetic acid.
  • a method for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin is that high-purity chitin having a protein content of 0.1% by weight or less and an inorganic content of 0.01% by weight or less is obtained at 35 to 60 ° C. in 2 to 40% W / W alkali. Disperse in 7 hours, then leave it under cooling conditions (-10 ° C to -30 ° C) for several hours (1 to 3 hours), add water so that the alkali concentration is about 10% W / W, and add alkali chitin dope To prepare.
  • the alkali chitin dope is aged to 30 ° C. or less to the target viscosity, further neutralized to form a precipitate, dehydrated, washed, freeze-dried, etc.
  • Partially deacetylated so that the acetylation rate (also referred to as DAC degree) is generally about 20 to 80%, preferably about 25 to 70%, more preferably about 45 to 65%, and 0.5% at 20 ° C.
  • An amorphous partially deacetylated chitin having a% W / W solution viscosity of 20 to 300 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 30 to 250 mPa ⁇ s, still more preferably 35 to 200 mPa ⁇ s is prepared.
  • Neutralization is dealkalized by addition of acid or alcohol, ion exchange resin or the like.
  • the molecular weight of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin used in the present invention generally has a weight average molecular weight (calculated by GPC molecular weight measurement using pullulan as a standard product) of about 50,000 to 4 million. It is preferably 100,000 to 3 million, more preferably 200,000 to 2 million.
  • the deacetylation rate is generally about 20 to 80%, preferably about 25 to 70%, more preferably about 45 to 65%.
  • the viscosity of the 0.5% W / W solution viscosity at 20 ° C. is 20 to 300 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 30 to 250 mPa ⁇ s, and still more preferably 35 to 200 mPa ⁇ s.
  • Amorphous partially deacetylated chitin can be prepared as a salt by dissolving it in a certain aqueous acid solution.
  • the acid used for the acid solution of partially deacetylated chitin can be any weak acid such as acetic acid.
  • the acid concentration is generally 0.01 to 10.0% W / W, and 0.05 to 5.0% W / W is particularly preferably used.
  • the concentration of the partially deacetylated chitin is preferably one having a viscosity that is easy to use, generally 0.1 to 5.0% W / W, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3.0% W / W.
  • the amount of acid added may be calculated from 1.0 to 20 moles of acid per mole of amino group of partially deacetylated chitin.
  • an auxiliary agent such as a surfactant may be added to the aqueous solution as necessary, but the presence or absence of the auxiliary agent does not affect the effect of the present invention.
  • the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution dissolved with a weak acid such as acetic acid is stirred until the partially deacetylated chitin is almost completely dissolved.
  • weak acid such as acetic acid
  • gluconic acid or aspartic acid is added as an acid, and the gluconate or aspartate of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin (hereinafter also referred to as “amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt”). Yes).
  • the acid is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 mol, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mol, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mol, per mol of amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin.
  • the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin gluconate or aspartate should be sufficiently stirred for 16 to 32 hours, preferably 20 to 28 hours, more preferably 23 to 25 hours.
  • the solution after stirring is filtered, and if not dissolved, no filtration is performed.
  • Ethanol addition process A step of adding ethanol (99%) to the liquid after stirring so that the final concentration of ethanol is 0.4 to 1.0% is included. This step is referred to as an “ethanol addition step”. As shown in the examples below, if the final concentration of ethanol is 0.4 to 1.0%, a sufficiently large porous body can be obtained without impairing the good moldability of the sherbet-like frozen ice at the time of manufacture. A sponge with a structure is obtained, and it has been confirmed that a hemostatic effect using a rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model has a sufficient hemostatic effect.
  • the final concentration of ethanol in the ethanol addition treatment is 0.4 to 1.0%. Further, the “ethanol addition step” is not performed in the manufacturing process of the conventional sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-220388).
  • the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt is subjected to a “sorbet freezing step” to prepare a sherbet-like frozen ice.
  • the “sherbet freezing step” of the present invention does not produce frozen ice by quick freezing or gradually freezing as in the prior art, but once frozen frozen ice is crushed to form a mold.
  • the sorbet-like frozen ice can be obtained by freezing again.
  • the amorphous chitin solution is pulverized with dry ice, it becomes a sherbet shape. Similarly, it is filled into a mold and frozen again to obtain a sherbet-like frozen ice.
  • the detailed manufacturing method is as follows.
  • the freezing method is not particularly limited as long as the sherbet shape as described above can be obtained.
  • the sherbet-like amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt is poured into a container such as a tray that assumes the thickness of the finished sheet, and is preferably -10 to -50 ° C, more preferably -20 to -40. Freeze and freeze at °C, most preferably about -30 °C.
  • the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt can be stored for several tens of days if it is frozen. What is necessary is just to give frozen ice to the freezing vacuum drying process which is the next process as needed.
  • freeze vacuum drying process The frozen partially deacetylated chitin salt is subjected to freeze-drying treatment. In addition, it can carry out using a publicly known vacuum dryer.
  • the heat treatment for 18 to 48 hours is preferably carried out at 85 to 95 ° C., preferably about 88 to 92 ° C. using a vacuum dryer (under vacuum drying condition) from the following examples. I do.
  • heat treatment was performed at 65 to 85 ° C. for 1 to 7 days using a dryer.
  • Conventional chitin-derived sponge hemostatic agents are difficult to increase in breaking strength even after heat treatment, and the strength has been reduced by ⁇ -ray sterilization.
  • the breaking strength can be improved by a short heat treatment.
  • the humidification treatment step After the heat treatment step, a step of allowing the hemostatic material to stand for several days in order to adjust the water content of the hemostatic material to 10 to 19% is included. This step is referred to as a “humidification treatment step”. As long as the water content of the hemostatic material can be adjusted to about 10 to 19%, the humidification method is not particularly limited.
  • the heat-treated product is stored for several days (2 to 12 days, preferably 2 to 8 days, more preferably 2 to 6 days) in a humidifier at 30 ° C. and 50 to 100% RH (relative humidity) ( (Humidification process in the first half), and after slicing, in a humidifier of 5 to 50 ° C.
  • the hemostatic material of the present invention is preferably ⁇ -ray sterilized.
  • the humidified product is irradiated with ⁇ rays of 25 kGy, preferably 50 kGy.
  • the hemostatic material of the present invention has a necessary breaking strength (2N or more) even after irradiation with 50 kGy of ⁇ rays.
  • the water used in any of the above steps is preferably ultrapure water.
  • the present inventors have newly found that "endotoxin contained in tap water is accumulated on the hemostatic material by adsorbing to chitosan in the production process of the hemostatic material". Endotoxins are harmful substances that cause fever, sepsis and shock. Therefore, preferably, the ultrapure water that is endotoxin-free is used as the water used in the production process of the hemostatic material.
  • the thickness of the sheet that can be produced by the method of the present invention is about 0.5 mm to 20 mm
  • the thickness of the frozen sherbet-like sample may be set to be substantially the same.
  • the sherbet-like specimen prepared in this way is frozen in contact with the cooling atmosphere. Freezing can be performed at a temperature not higher than the freezing temperature of water, that is, 0 ° C. or lower, preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower.
  • the freezing method includes placing the sample in a normal air-cooled freezer, immersing it in an aqueous solution of a coolant such as ethanol or calcium chloride, which is brine, at ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower, liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, etc.
  • a spraying method can also be used.
  • a sponge hemostatic material mainly composed of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the performance of the finished sponge-like hemostatic material is much better than that obtained by the conventional method. That is, there is a feature that the thickness can be uniform and the water absorption speed is high, the breaking strength is high, and the water absorption is high.
  • the residual acid concentration of the final preparation obtained by the present invention is 0 to 7.0% W / W or less of acetic acid, 2 to 40% W / W of gluconic acid or aspartic acid, and the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin
  • the total acid ion is 0.2 to 1.00 mol per 1 mol. More preferably, the residual acid concentration of the final formulation is about 0-6.0% W / W acetic acid, about 2.0-30% W / W gluconic acid or aspartic acid, and the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin
  • the total acid ion is 0.4 to 0.8 mol per mol of
  • the final formulation obtained according to the present invention has a weight per volume of 0.005 to 0.035 g / cm 3 , more preferably a weight per volume of about 0.01 to 0.002 g / cm 3 .
  • the pore size of the final preparation obtained by the present invention is 50 to 200 ⁇ m and has a substantially homogeneous structure. Further, when applied to the wound site, the change in pH of the wound local blood is 0.05 or less. Furthermore, it can be easily removed from the wound site without substantially leaving fragments after blood absorption. In addition, it has the property of not adsorbing to surgical instruments.
  • the measuring method of each concentration used in the present invention is as follows. The following examples and test examples were also used.
  • DAC degree is obtained by dissolving a chitosan sample (amorphous chitin or chitosan) in 0.5% (w / w) acetic acid solution to 0.5% (w / w), using toluidine blue solution as an indicator, and potassium potassium sulfate.
  • the DAC degree (deacetylation degree) per dry matter was determined by colloidal titration with an aqueous solution.
  • Viscosity is obtained by dissolving a chitosan sample (amorphous chitin or chitosan) in 0.5% (w / w) acetic acid solution to 0.5% (w / w), stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, and then using a homogenizer for 2 minutes. Stir. The rotational viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) was measured with a B-type viscometer while keeping this solution at 20 ° C. in a thermostatic bath.
  • Water absorption in the measurement of the amount of water absorption involves immersing the sample for 5 minutes in a container containing sufficient pure water after measuring the weight (A) of the sample. The sample is then drawn into a colander, drained for 5 minutes, and the weight (B) of the sample is measured.
  • the amount of water absorption is represented by (BA) / A. More specifically, about 0.4 g was weighed (A), soaked in pure water for 5 minutes, lifted into a colander, drained for 5 minutes, weighed (B), and obtained by the following formula.
  • Water absorption (BA) / A.
  • the water absorption is 20.0 g / g to 120 g / g, preferably 20.0 g / g to 60 g / g.
  • the sample For the breaking strength after water absorption, cut the sample into 50mm squares, fully immerse in pure water, lift to a colander and drain for 5 minutes. Cut the water-absorbed sample to a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 15 mm using a cork borer and cutter, and set it in a special container (diameter of 40 mm and height of h15 mm).
  • the hemostatic material of the present invention In this case, it is 2.0N or more, and a good product is 5.0N to 200N.
  • the gluconic acid and acetic acid concentrations were measured by weighing 0.1 g of finely chopped chitin sponge, adding 80 ml of ultrapure water and 30 ml of 6M HCl, stirring with a stirrer overnight, completely Dissolve. The pH was adjusted to 2-3 using 6M NaOH, and the volume was adjusted to 100 ml with ultrapure water. Filter with a 0.45 ⁇ m filter to make the sample solution.
  • Gluconic acid and acetic acid by the post-column pH buffered conductivity detection method. Measure under the following conditions. The retention time of gluconic acid is around 17.1 minutes and acetic acid is around 26.1 minutes. The gluconic acid standard solution, the acetic acid standard solution and the sample solution are measured, and the sample is determined from the ratio of the peak area values of the standard solution and the sample solution. The gluconic acid concentration and acetic acid concentration are calculated.
  • aspartic acid in the acid concentration in the sponge For the analysis of aspartic acid in the acid concentration in the sponge, weigh about 0.15 g of the sample finely, weigh about 20 ml of pure water, and prepare a suspension using a homogenizer. Next, add 10 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) and make up to 50 ml. The solution is filtered with a 0.45 ⁇ m filter to obtain a sample solution, which is measured using HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) under the following analysis conditions. The retention time of aspartic acid is around 10.6 minutes, but the retention time of acetic acid is close to around 10.8 minutes, so if both the acetic acid and aspartic acid are contained in the sponge, the peaks will overlap and correction is necessary. is there.
  • the correction method is to analyze the acetic acid standard solution by this method, determine the peak area value relative to the acetic acid concentration, calculate the acetic acid area value in this method from the acetic acid concentration determined by the method of paragraph “0037”, and then The sample is analyzed and the area value of acetic acid is subtracted from the area value of the overlapping peak of aspartic acid and acetic acid. The aspartic acid standard solution and the sample solution are measured, and the aspartic acid concentration of the sample is calculated from the ratio of the peak area value of the standard solution to the corrected peak area value of the sample solution.
  • each chitosan is expressed as follows.
  • FM is medium viscosity chitosan (DAC degree 100%, viscosity about 44 mPa ⁇ s)
  • DAC30M is medium viscosity amorphous chitin (DAC degree 25% to 40% viscosity 20-100 mPa ⁇ s)
  • DAC30L is low viscosity amorphous Quality chitin (DAC degree 25% ⁇ 40% viscosity 20mPa ⁇ s or less)
  • DAC30H is high viscosity amorphous chitin (DAC degree 25% ⁇ 40% viscosity 100 ⁇ 300mPa ⁇ s)
  • DAC50L is low viscosity amorphous Chitin (DAC degree around 50%, viscosity 20mPa ⁇ s or less)
  • DAC30L + FH DAC degree 59%, viscosity 86mPa ⁇ s) are low
  • the hemostatic material obtained in the present invention may be fragile or brittle depending on the specific density and strength of the sponge. In that case, if it is manufactured in the same manner by adding about 0.01 to 10% W / W of a softening agent such as polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin or oil in the state of an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution, The created hemostatic material can have flexibility.
  • a softening agent such as polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin or oil in the state of an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution
  • the third component is added at the time of the solution of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt, and the final hemostatic material containing these third components can be easily prepared.
  • the final hemostatic material containing these third components can be easily prepared.
  • a substance whose physiological activity is easily denatured by other chemical components or temperature can be retained in the hemostatic material.
  • these drugs can be mixed with an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt sponge and molded to give the drug a sustained release function.
  • the alkali chitin dope was prepared at 30 ° C. so that the DAC degree (deacetylation degree) and the viscosity reached the target values [for example, DAC degree 60 ⁇ 5%, viscosity 50 mPa ⁇ s (0.5% at 20 ° C. (W / W) Solution)] Aged. Thereafter, the solution was filtered under reduced pressure with a 150 mesh nylon mesh and neutralized with 95% aqueous sulfuric acid.
  • the partially deacetylated chitin gel precipitated at this time was transferred to a 50 mesh nylon mesh and manually dewatered. Then, it was desalted by washing with hot water four times and then pressed. Next, this dehydrated partially deacetylated chitin gel was freeze-dried and then pulverized to give a degree of deacetylation of about 60% and no decrease in viscosity [at 20 ° C., 20 mPa ⁇ s to 780 mPa ⁇ s (0.5% ( W / W) solution)] of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin (also referred to as amorphous chitin DAC60) was obtained.
  • amorphous partially deacetylated chitin also referred to as amorphous chitin DAC60
  • Acid addition amount (g) amorphous chitin amount (g) / amorphous chitin monomer molecular weight x degree of deacetylation (%) / 100 x 0.4 to 0.8 x acid molecular weight where the acid molecular weight is 178.14 for gluconic acid, asparagine
  • the acid is 133.1 and phosphoric acid is 98.
  • stirring was performed overnight to prepare an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt suspension or solution.
  • the obtained sherbet-like ice was filled in a tray and frozen. Freezing was carried out in a freezer at ⁇ 30 ° C., and the sherbet was frozen slowly and overnight. In addition, if it puts in a freezer, it can preserve
  • freeze vacuum drying process The sherbet-shaped ice filled in the tray was subjected to a freeze-dry process for 4 days to obtain a freeze-dry product.
  • the humidified product was formed into 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm, sealed in an aluminum sterilization bag, and then sterilized with ⁇ rays (25 kGy).
  • the breaking strength increased as the heat treatment time increased, and the water absorption decreased.
  • the heat treatment step of the present invention was able to increase the high breaking strength in a short time of 18 to 24 hours.
  • heat treatment was performed at 65 to 85 ° C. for 1 to 7 days using a dryer.
  • the heat treatment of the present invention can increase the breaking strength in a short time.
  • the rupture strength was reduced to half or less than before ⁇ -ray irradiation, but had the necessary rupture strength (2N or more). From the above results, the chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material of the present invention has the necessary breaking strength even after ⁇ sterilization treatment.
  • ethanol was added to a solution containing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt so as to have final concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, at ⁇ 20 ° C. and ⁇ 30 ° C.
  • the change of the frozen ice when it was cooled down was visually observed.
  • the characteristic evaluation is shown in FIG. Manufactured to a final ethanol concentration of 0.4 to 1.0%, it has a sufficient hemostatic effect in hemostasis experiments using the rabbit iliac microbleeding model without impairing the good moldability of the sherbet-like frozen ice at the time of manufacture. I was able to confirm. In addition, the hemostatic effect was not recognized in the hemostatic material manufactured so that ethanol final concentration might be 3.0%.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show the results of observation with a scanning electron microscope of the structure of the surface of the hemostatic material manufactured to have final ethanol concentrations of 3.0% and 1.0%, respectively.
  • the hemostatic material produced to have a final ethanol concentration of 3.0% did not form sufficiently large pores (50 to 200 ⁇ m diameter) necessary for blood absorption.
  • a sufficiently large porous structure was confirmed on the surface of the hemostatic material produced at 1.0%.
  • the chitin sponge hemostatic material DAC35 was placed in a drier (made by Dalton), the drier was set at 30 ° C., and the humidifier was operated.
  • FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the amount of water in the hemostatic material and the water absorption time. As is clear from FIG. 9, when the moisture content in the sponge exceeded 10% on the 7th day of humidification in the latter half humidification treatment, the water absorption time was rapidly increased. From this, it was confirmed that the moisture in the sponge affects the water absorption time.
  • the relationship between the breaking strength of the hemostatic material and the amount of water absorption is shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 10, when the water content in the hemostatic material increases, the breaking strength increases and the water absorption decreases. In particular, the tendency of the change in the moisture content in the hemostatic material and the change in the breaking strength showed the same pattern, and it was confirmed that the moisture content in the hemostatic material affects the breaking strength.
  • the breaking strength and the absorption time can be improved. Further, since the breaking strength of the hemostatic material is reduced by ⁇ -ray sterilization, it is preferable to perform a humidification treatment before the sterilization to increase the breaking strength in advance.
  • Example 1 The physical characteristics of each hemostatic material (Lot. No. S801161, S806233, S807081 and S807091) produced in Example 1 were analyzed and evaluated. In addition, the measuring method of each physical characteristic is as follows. Color difference b value: The color of the sponge surface was measured with a color difference meter (ZE-200, Nippon Denshoku). Crushing of weight per volume: The weight per volume of the sponge in a crushed state (the sponge was crushed by hand with an aluminum plate from above) was measured. Further, the length, width and height of the sponge were measured with a caliper, and the volume was calculated. The weight was measured with an electronic balance to determine the weight per volume.
  • Color difference b value The color of the sponge surface was measured with a color difference meter (ZE-200, Nippon Denshoku).
  • Crushing of weight per volume The weight per volume of the sponge in a crushed state (the sponge was crushed by hand with an aluminum plate from above) was measured. Further, the length, width and height of the sponge were measured
  • Non-crushing weight per volume The weight per volume of the sponge that was not crushed was measured. Further, the length, width and height of the sponge were measured with a caliper, and the volume was calculated. The weight was measured with an electronic balance to determine the weight per volume. Endotoxin analysis method: Weigh about 2 mg of the sample, add 0.9 ml of 0.05N HCl, and perform extraction treatment at 4 ° C for 15 minutes while sonicating. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 6-8 with 0.05N NaOH to prepare a test solution.
  • Endotoxin quantification or detection can be determined with an endotoxin quantification kit (colorimetric method) Limulus Amebocyte Lysate, QCL-1000 (manufactured by Cambrex Bio Science Walkersville, Inc.) or an endotoxin detection kit (gelation method) Pyrotel (registered trademark ) ) (Production: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.). Endotoxin was considered negative when it was 100 EU / g or less.
  • the hemostatic material ⁇ Lot. No. S806233, S807081 and S807091 (final ethanol concentration 0.4% to 1.0%) ⁇ of the present invention is the control hemostatic material ⁇ Lot. No. S801161 (ethanol final concentration). 3.0%), it was confirmed that the water absorption time and breaking strength were excellent.
  • the initial bleeding was pressed with gauze for 5 seconds, and each sample was filled into a 10 mg bone hole.
  • blood that bleeds was absorbed for 5 minutes with a urethane sponge that had been weighed in advance. After 5 minutes, it was confirmed whether or not hemostasis occurred. Furthermore, the weight of the urethane sponge was measured, and the amount of bleeding was measured from the difference from the initial weight. When complete hemostasis occurred within 5 minutes, the time was measured, the sample was removed after 5 minutes, and the presence or absence of bleeding from the bone hole was confirmed. Blood pressure was continuously monitored during the operation.
  • the hemostatic material ⁇ Lot. No. S806233, S807081 and S807091 (final ethanol concentration 0.4% to 1.0%) ⁇ of the present invention is the control hemostatic material ⁇ Lot. No. S801161 (ethanol final concentration). 3.0%), it was confirmed that the blood absorption time, blood absorption amount and hemostatic effect were superior. Furthermore, the blood absorption time of the hemostatic material of the present invention is about 1.9 to 15 times better than the blood absorption time of the conventional hemostatic material (the hemostatic material described in JP-A-2008-220388). confirmed.
  • the present invention is a hemostatic material that can easily be mass-produced, maintains the necessary hemostatic material strength even by ⁇ -irradiation, has a homogeneous property without cracking, and has an improved hemostatic effect. .

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Abstract

Disclosed is a chitin-derived sponge-like hemostatic material which can be easily mass-produced, can sustain the strength required as a hemostatic material even after γ-ray irradiation, has homogeneous properties without cracking, and exhibits an improved hemostatic effect. A chitin-derived sponge-like hemostatic material, which can be easily mass-produced, can sustain the strength required as a hemostatic material even after γ-ray irradiation, has homogeneous properties without cracking, and exhibits an improved hemostatic effect, is successfully developed by using a method for producing a chitin-derived sponge-like hemostatic material wherein a process for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin is improved, a heating treatment is improved, and an additional humidifying treatment is employed.

Description

キチン由来のスポンジ止血材及びその製造方法Chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material and method for producing the same
 本発明は、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を主成分とするスポンジ状止血材及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sponge hemostatic material mainly composed of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt and a method for producing the same.
 キチン、キトサンは、化粧品分野、医療分野、食品分野などで広く使用され、天然の素材として、コラーゲン材料等と同様に好ましく使用されている。しかし過去の応用例は、粉末としての使用が大部分であり、成形体などの形状を利用した用途は見られなかった。この天然高分子であるキトサンは、酢酸等の酸水溶液に容易に溶解するため、湿式成形によって、フイルム、繊維、スポンジなど種々の成形体を作成することが可能である。しかし、その実用化に関しては、ほとんど成功した例が見られない。
 また、キトサンは、キチンの脱アセチル化物と定義され、一般的には、脱アセチル化度70~80%以上であり、水に不溶であるが、キチンは溶解しない希酸溶液に溶解する特徴を持っている。
Chitin and chitosan are widely used in the cosmetics field, the medical field, the food field, and the like, and are preferably used as natural materials in the same manner as collagen materials. However, the past application examples are mostly used as powders, and no applications utilizing shapes such as molded articles have been found. Since this natural polymer, chitosan, is easily dissolved in an aqueous acid solution such as acetic acid, various molded articles such as films, fibers, and sponges can be prepared by wet molding. However, there have been almost no successful examples of its practical application.
Chitosan is defined as a deacetylated product of chitin, and generally has a degree of deacetylation of 70 to 80% or more and is insoluble in water but chitin is soluble in dilute acid solution that does not dissolve. have.
 キチン、キトサンを医療用バンドとして使用することの試みは20年以上前から試みられ、その有機酸塩の開示もある(特許文献1)。また、キトサンをスポンジ状にする試みもされている(特許文献2)。そして、キチン又はキチン誘導体の有機酸塩の商品化の試みもおこなわれた(特許文献3)(特許文献4)(特許文献5)。しかし、いずれの製品も、止血材として有用性・安全性において完全なものはない。また、本発明者らは、キトサン自体の改良を行いその脱アセチル化度を調整し、さらに非晶質とした新規な止血材も提案した(特許文献6)(特許文献7)。さらに本出願人は、キトサンスポンジの改良製剤の提供もこころみた(特許文献8)(特許文献9)。 An attempt to use chitin and chitosan as a medical band has been made for more than 20 years, and there is also disclosure of an organic acid salt thereof (Patent Document 1). Attempts have also been made to make chitosan into a sponge form (Patent Document 2). An attempt was made to commercialize an organic acid salt of chitin or a chitin derivative (Patent Document 3) (Patent Document 4) (Patent Document 5). However, none of these products are perfect in terms of usefulness and safety as hemostatic materials. The present inventors have also proposed a novel hemostatic material that improves chitosan itself, adjusts the degree of deacetylation, and makes it amorphous (Patent Document 6) (Patent Document 7). Furthermore, the present applicant has also tried to provide an improved preparation of chitosan sponge (Patent Document 8) (Patent Document 9).
 上記のような多くの試みにもかかわらず、キチン誘導体をつかった止血材は、1997年の手術用止血材の製品回収という事件から、実用化製品の上市はなされていない。 Despite many attempts as described above, a hemostatic material using a chitin derivative has not been put on the market in commercial use due to the recovery of a surgical hemostatic product in 1997.
 そこで、本出願人は、スポンジ状止血材に関して、実用化が十分期待される性能を有する製造方法を開発し、コラーゲンによって調製されるスポンジ状止血材と同等以上の良質な性能のものを開発することをこころみた(特許文献10)。
 特許文献10で開示されるキチン由来のスポンジ止血材は、優れた効果を示すものの、該止血剤の安定的な成形が困難であり大量生産を行うことが困難であった。さらに、滅菌処理としてγ線を照射することによる止血材の強度の低下を避けることができなかった(参照:図13)。加えて、止血材の止血効果の向上も必要であったし、止血材のひび割れが起こることもあった。
Therefore, the present applicant has developed a manufacturing method having a performance that is expected to be practically used for a sponge-like hemostatic material, and develops a high-quality performance equivalent to or higher than that of a sponge-like hemostatic material prepared by collagen. I tried this (Patent Document 10).
Although the chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material disclosed in Patent Document 10 exhibits an excellent effect, it is difficult to stably form the hemostatic agent and mass production is difficult. Furthermore, a decrease in the strength of the hemostatic material due to irradiation of γ rays as a sterilization treatment could not be avoided (see FIG. 13). In addition, it is necessary to improve the hemostatic effect of the hemostatic material, and the hemostatic material may be cracked.
特開昭60-142927公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-142927 特開昭63-90507号公報JP 63-90507 A 特開平9-169654号公報JP-A-9-169654 特開2003-26578号公報JP 2003-26578 A 特表2005-503197号公報Special Table 2005-503197 特開平11-5803号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-5803 特開平11-276189号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-276189 特開2003-292501号公報JP 2003-292501 A 特開2004-256784号公報JP 2004-256784 A 特開2008-220388号公報JP 2008-220388
 本発明は、上記した問題点を解決することを課題とした。より詳しくは、大量生産が容易に可能であり、γ線照射によっても必要な止血材の強度を維持し、かつひび割れをしない均質な性質を有し、さらに止血効果が向上したキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材を提供することを解決すべき課題とした。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. More specifically, a chitin-derived sponge that can be easily mass-produced, maintains the necessary hemostatic strength even when γ-irradiated, has a homogeneous property that does not crack, and has an improved hemostatic effect. Providing a hemostatic material was an issue to be solved.
 本発明者らは、キチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の製造工程において、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン(以下、「非晶質キチン」と称することもある)の製造方法の改良、加熱処理の改良並びに加湿処理の追加を行うことにより、大量生産が容易に可能であり、γ線照射によっても必要な止血材の強度を維持し、かつひび割れをしない均質な性質を有し、さらに止血効果が向上したキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の開発に成功し、本発明を完成した。 The present inventors have improved the method for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “amorphous chitin”) and heat treatment in the production process of a sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin. Improved mass production and addition of humidification treatment enables mass production easily, maintains the strength of the hemostatic material required even by γ-ray irradiation, has a homogeneous property without cracking, and has a hemostatic effect Has succeeded in developing a sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin with improved quality and completed the present invention.
 すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
「1.以下の工程を含む非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を主成分とするスポンジ状止血材の製造方法;
(1)脱アセチル化度が20~80%の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンを懸濁させる工程、
(2)グルコン酸又はアスパラギン酸を非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基の1モルに対し0.2~1.0モルを上記(1)の懸濁液に添加する工程、
(3)全溶液重量の0.4~1.0%のエタノールを上記(2)の溶液に添加する工程、
(4)上記(3)の溶液から得られるろ液を氷結させ、粉砕し、シャーベット状にしてシャーベット凍結氷を得る工程、
(5)上記(4)のシャーベット凍結氷に凍結乾燥を行い、凍結乾燥処理品を得る工程、
(6)上記(5)の凍結乾燥処理品に85~95℃で18~48時間の加熱処理を行い、加熱処理品を得る工程、
(7)上記(6)の加熱処理品に加湿処理を行う工程。
 2.前記(7)の加湿処理工程の後に、γ線滅菌を行う工程を含む前項1に記載のスポンジ状止血材の製造方法。
 3.前記加湿処理が、止血材の水分量を約10~19%に調整することである前項1又は2に記載のスポンジ状止血材の製造方法。
 4.製造方法で使用する水として超純水を使用することを特徴とする前項1~3のいずれか1に記載の製造方法。
 5.前項1~4のいずれか1に記載の製造方法で得られるスポンジ状止血材。
 6.破断強度が5.0N~200Nである前項5に記載のスポンジ状止血材。」
That is, the present invention is as follows.
“1. A method for producing a sponge hemostatic material mainly comprising an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt, comprising the following steps;
(1) suspending amorphous partially deacetylated chitin having a deacetylation degree of 20 to 80%,
(2) A step of adding 0.2 to 1.0 mol of gluconic acid or aspartic acid to 1 mol of the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin to the suspension of (1) above,
(3) adding ethanol of 0.4 to 1.0% of the total solution weight to the solution of (2),
(4) A step of freezing the filtrate obtained from the solution of (3) above, pulverizing it and making it into a sherbet to obtain frozen sherbet ice,
(5) A step of freeze-drying the sherbet frozen ice of (4) to obtain a freeze-dried product,
(6) A step of heating the lyophilized product of (5) above at 85 to 95 ° C. for 18 to 48 hours to obtain a heat-treated product,
(7) A step of performing a humidification process on the heat-treated product of (6).
2. 2. The method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material according to item 1, further comprising a step of performing γ-ray sterilization after the humidification treatment step (7).
3. 3. The method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material according to item 1 or 2, wherein the humidification treatment is to adjust the water content of the hemostatic material to about 10 to 19%.
4). 4. The production method according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein ultrapure water is used as water used in the production method.
5. 5. A sponge-like hemostatic material obtained by the production method according to any one of items 1 to 4.
6). 6. The sponge hemostatic material according to item 5 above, having a breaking strength of 5.0N to 200N. "
 本発明の製造方法によって製造させるキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材は、大量生産が容易に可能であり、γ線照射によっても必要な止血材の強度を維持し、かつひび割れをしない均質な性質を有し、さらに止血効果が向上した止血材である。 The sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin produced by the production method of the present invention can be easily mass-produced, has a homogeneous property that maintains the necessary strength of the hemostatic material even by γ-irradiation, and does not crack. In addition, the hemostatic material has an improved hemostatic effect.
各止血材サンプルの製造特性Manufacturing characteristics of each hemostatic material sample 各止血材サンプルの加湿処理条件Humidification conditions for each hemostatic material sample スポンジ状止血材の破断強度及び吸水量の測定結果Measurement results of breaking strength and water absorption of sponge-like hemostatic material 25kGyのγ線照射前後のスポンジ状止血材の破断強度Breaking strength of sponge-like hemostatic material before and after 25 kGy γ-ray irradiation 25kGy又は50kGyのγ線照射前後のスポンジ状止血材の破断強度Breaking strength of sponge-like hemostatic material before and after 25kGy or 50kGy γ-irradiation エタノール添加によるシャーベット状凍結氷の成形評価Molding evaluation of frozen sherbet by adding ethanol エタノール終濃度3.0%にして製造した止血材の表面の走査電顕顕微鏡の画像Scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the hemostatic material produced with a final ethanol concentration of 3.0% エタノール終濃度1.0%にして製造した止血材の表面の走査電顕顕微鏡の画像Scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the hemostatic material produced with a final ethanol concentration of 1.0% 止血材中の水分量と吸水時間の関係Relationship between water content in hemostatic material and water absorption time 止血材の破断強度と吸水量の関係Relationship between breaking strength of hemostatic material and water absorption 止血材の物理的特性の評価Evaluation of physical properties of hemostatic materials 止血材の止血効果の確認Confirmation of hemostatic effect of hemostatic material 従来の止血材の吸水量及び破断強度の結果Results of water absorption and breaking strength of conventional hemostatic materials
(部分脱アセチル化キチン)
 本発明における部分脱アセチル化キチンとは、カニ、エビなど甲殻類の外骨格等に含まれるアミノ多糖類の一種であるキチン由来であり、化学構造がグルコサミンと少量のN-アセチルグルコサミンとの繰り返し構造である天然物由来の高分子である。一般には、甲殻類の外骨格等を苛性ソーダなどのアルカリで脱タンパクし、塩酸などの酸溶液で脱カルシウム処理して得られるキチンを、さらに苛性ソーダなどの高濃度アルカリ水溶液で部分脱アセチル化して得られる。水に難溶性であり、酢酸などの酸水溶液に溶解する。
(Partially deacetylated chitin)
The partially deacetylated chitin in the present invention is derived from chitin which is a kind of amino polysaccharide contained in the exoskeleton of crustaceans such as crab and shrimp, and has a chemical structure of repeating glucosamine and a small amount of N-acetylglucosamine. It is a polymer derived from a natural product that is a structure. In general, chitin obtained by deproteinizing crustacean exoskeletons with alkali such as caustic soda and decalcifying with acid solution such as hydrochloric acid is further obtained by partial deacetylation with high concentration alkaline aqueous solution such as caustic soda. It is done. It is sparingly soluble in water and dissolves in acid aqueous solutions such as acetic acid.
(非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンの製造方法)
 非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンの製造方法は、タンパク質含量が0.1重量%以下、無機物含量が0.01重量%以下の高純度キチンを約40%W/Wアルカリ中に35~60℃、2~7時間で分散させ、その後冷却条件下(-10℃~-30℃)に数時間(1~3時間)置き、アルカリ濃度を約10%W/Wになるように水を加え、アルカリキチンドープを調製する。 なお、均一系においてアルカリ加水分解する際に、アルカリキチンドープを30℃以下で目的粘度まで熟成し、さらに中和して沈殿を生成させ、脱水、洗浄、凍結真空乾燥等を経て、キチンの脱アセチル化率(DAC度ともいう)が一般的には20~80%程度、好ましくは25~70%程度、より好ましくは約45~65%となるように部分脱アセチル化され、20℃において0.5%W/W溶液粘度が20~300mPa・s、より好ましくは30~250mPa・s、さらに好ましくは35~200mPa・sの非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンを調製する。なお、中和は、酸の添加又はアルコール類、イオン交換樹脂等で脱アルカリする。
(Method for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin)
A method for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin is that high-purity chitin having a protein content of 0.1% by weight or less and an inorganic content of 0.01% by weight or less is obtained at 35 to 60 ° C. in 2 to 40% W / W alkali. Disperse in 7 hours, then leave it under cooling conditions (-10 ° C to -30 ° C) for several hours (1 to 3 hours), add water so that the alkali concentration is about 10% W / W, and add alkali chitin dope To prepare. When alkaline hydrolysis is carried out in a homogeneous system, the alkali chitin dope is aged to 30 ° C. or less to the target viscosity, further neutralized to form a precipitate, dehydrated, washed, freeze-dried, etc. Partially deacetylated so that the acetylation rate (also referred to as DAC degree) is generally about 20 to 80%, preferably about 25 to 70%, more preferably about 45 to 65%, and 0.5% at 20 ° C. An amorphous partially deacetylated chitin having a% W / W solution viscosity of 20 to 300 mPa · s, more preferably 30 to 250 mPa · s, still more preferably 35 to 200 mPa · s is prepared. Neutralization is dealkalized by addition of acid or alcohol, ion exchange resin or the like.
 本発明で使用する非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンの分子量は、一般的には、重量平均分子量(標準品にプルランを用いGPC分子量測定により算出)が5万~400万程度のものが使用され、好ましくは10万~300万、より好ましくは20万~200万である。脱アセチル化率は、一般的には、20~80%程度のものが使用され、好ましくは25~70%程度、より好ましくは約45~65%である。粘度は、20℃において0.5%W/W溶液粘度が20~300mPa・s、より好ましくは30~250mPa・s、さらに好ましくは35~200mPa・sである。 The molecular weight of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin used in the present invention generally has a weight average molecular weight (calculated by GPC molecular weight measurement using pullulan as a standard product) of about 50,000 to 4 million. It is preferably 100,000 to 3 million, more preferably 200,000 to 2 million. The deacetylation rate is generally about 20 to 80%, preferably about 25 to 70%, more preferably about 45 to 65%. The viscosity of the 0.5% W / W solution viscosity at 20 ° C. is 20 to 300 mPa · s, more preferably 30 to 250 mPa · s, and still more preferably 35 to 200 mPa · s.
 非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンは一定の酸水溶液に溶かして塩として調製をすることができる。部分脱アセチル化キチンの酸溶液に使用する酸は、酢酸などの弱酸なら何でも使用できる。酸の濃度は 一般には0.01~10.0%W/Wで、特に0.05~5.0%W/Wが好ましく使用される。部分脱アセチル化キチンの濃度は、使用しやすい粘度のものを使用することが好ましく、一般的には0.1~5.0%W/Wで、特に0.5~3.0%W/Wが好ましく使用される。酸の添加量は、部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基1モルに対して1.0~20モル程度の酸を計算して使用してもよい。又、水溶液には、部分脱アセチル化キチンの他に、必要に応じて界面活性剤などの助剤を加えてもよいが、助剤の有り無しが、本発明の効果に影響するものではない。
 なお、好ましくは酢酸等の弱酸で溶解された非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の溶液は、部分脱アセチル化キチンがほぼ完全に溶解するまで撹拌する。
 また、本発明では、上記のように酢酸等の弱酸を使用して非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンを溶解せずとも、水に懸濁させれば良い。
 なお、酢酸等の弱酸を使用して溶解しなければ、後ほどの工程において、酢酸等の弱酸を減少させる工程が必要ない。
Amorphous partially deacetylated chitin can be prepared as a salt by dissolving it in a certain aqueous acid solution. The acid used for the acid solution of partially deacetylated chitin can be any weak acid such as acetic acid. The acid concentration is generally 0.01 to 10.0% W / W, and 0.05 to 5.0% W / W is particularly preferably used. The concentration of the partially deacetylated chitin is preferably one having a viscosity that is easy to use, generally 0.1 to 5.0% W / W, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3.0% W / W. The amount of acid added may be calculated from 1.0 to 20 moles of acid per mole of amino group of partially deacetylated chitin. In addition to the partially deacetylated chitin, an auxiliary agent such as a surfactant may be added to the aqueous solution as necessary, but the presence or absence of the auxiliary agent does not affect the effect of the present invention. .
Preferably, the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution dissolved with a weak acid such as acetic acid is stirred until the partially deacetylated chitin is almost completely dissolved.
In the present invention, as described above, it is sufficient to suspend in amorphous water without dissolving amorphous partially deacetylated chitin using weak acid such as acetic acid.
In addition, if it does not melt | dissolve using weak acids, such as an acetic acid, the process of reducing weak acids, such as an acetic acid, in a later process is unnecessary.
(非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の製造)
 その後、酸としてグルコン酸又はアスパラギン酸の添加を行い、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのグルコン酸塩又はアスパラギン酸塩(以下、「非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩」と称することもある)とする。酸添加量は非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基1モルに対し酸0.2~1.0モル、好ましくは0.3~0.8モル、より好ましくは0.4~0.6モルを添加する。
 非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのグルコン酸塩又はアスパラギン酸塩は、16~32時間、好ましくは20~28時間、より好ましくは23時間~25時間攪拌を十分に行い、溶解していれば攪拌後の溶液をろ過し、溶解していなければろ過を行わない。
(Production of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt)
Thereafter, gluconic acid or aspartic acid is added as an acid, and the gluconate or aspartate of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin (hereinafter also referred to as “amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt”). Yes). The acid is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1.0 mol, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mol, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6 mol, per mol of amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin.
The amorphous partially deacetylated chitin gluconate or aspartate should be sufficiently stirred for 16 to 32 hours, preferably 20 to 28 hours, more preferably 23 to 25 hours. The solution after stirring is filtered, and if not dissolved, no filtration is performed.
(エタノール添加工程)
 上記攪拌後の液に、エタノール終濃度が0.4~1.0%になるようにエタノール(99%)を添加する工程を含む。本工程は、「エタノール添加工程」と称する。
 なお、下記実施例に示すように、エタノール終濃度を0.4~1.0%になるように製造すれば、製造時のシャーベット状凍結氷の良好な成形性を損なうことなく、十分な大きさの多孔質構造をもつスポンジが得られ、ウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験で十分な止血効果があることが確認している。
 以上のことから、容易に大量の止血材を形成でき、かつ該止血材の特性を維持するためにエタノール添加処理でのエタノールの終濃度は0.4~1.0%とする。
 また、従来のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材(特開2008-220388)の製造工程では、「エタノール添加工程」を行っていない。
(Ethanol addition process)
A step of adding ethanol (99%) to the liquid after stirring so that the final concentration of ethanol is 0.4 to 1.0% is included. This step is referred to as an “ethanol addition step”.
As shown in the examples below, if the final concentration of ethanol is 0.4 to 1.0%, a sufficiently large porous body can be obtained without impairing the good moldability of the sherbet-like frozen ice at the time of manufacture. A sponge with a structure is obtained, and it has been confirmed that a hemostatic effect using a rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model has a sufficient hemostatic effect.
From the above, in order to easily form a large amount of hemostatic material and maintain the properties of the hemostatic material, the final concentration of ethanol in the ethanol addition treatment is 0.4 to 1.0%.
Further, the “ethanol addition step” is not performed in the manufacturing process of the conventional sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-220388).
(シャーベット凍結工程)
 上記の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を「シャーベット凍結工程」に供することによりシャーベット状凍結氷を作製する。ここで、本発明の「シャーベット凍結工程」とは、従来のように急速冷凍、又は、徐々に凍結させて凍結氷を製造するのではなく、一度、凍結させた凍結氷を粉砕し、型枠に充填し、再度、凍結する事でシャーベット状凍結氷が得られる。
 また、非晶質キチンの溶液をドライアイスと共に粉砕するとシャーベット状になり、同様に型枠に充填し、再度、凍結する事でシャーベット状凍結氷が得られる。詳しい製造方法は以下の通りである。
 非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の溶液の約1000gに対しドライアイスを500g~700g程度加え、ブレンダー等で粉砕し、シャーベット状にする。シャーベット温度は-5℃~+5℃に調整する。なお、本発明のスポンジ状止血材の製造において、上記のようなシャーベット状にすることができれば、特に凍結方法は限定されない。
(Sherbet freezing process)
The amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt is subjected to a “sorbet freezing step” to prepare a sherbet-like frozen ice. Here, the “sherbet freezing step” of the present invention does not produce frozen ice by quick freezing or gradually freezing as in the prior art, but once frozen frozen ice is crushed to form a mold. The sorbet-like frozen ice can be obtained by freezing again.
Further, when the amorphous chitin solution is pulverized with dry ice, it becomes a sherbet shape. Similarly, it is filled into a mold and frozen again to obtain a sherbet-like frozen ice. The detailed manufacturing method is as follows.
About 500 g to 700 g of dry ice is added to about 1000 g of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution, and pulverized with a blender or the like to form a sherbet. Adjust the sherbet temperature to -5 ° C to + 5 ° C. In the production of the sponge-like hemostatic material of the present invention, the freezing method is not particularly limited as long as the sherbet shape as described above can be obtained.
 さらに、上記シャーベット状の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を、出来上がりのシートの厚みを想定したトレーなどの容器に流し込み、好ましくは-10~-50℃、より好ましくは-20~-40℃、最も好ましくは約-30℃で冷凍して凍結させる。
 なお、上記非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩は、凍結させておけば何十日でも保存が可能である。必要な時に凍結氷を次工程である凍結真空乾燥処理に付せば良い。
Furthermore, the sherbet-like amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt is poured into a container such as a tray that assumes the thickness of the finished sheet, and is preferably -10 to -50 ° C, more preferably -20 to -40. Freeze and freeze at ℃, most preferably about -30 ℃.
The amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt can be stored for several tens of days if it is frozen. What is necessary is just to give frozen ice to the freezing vacuum drying process which is the next process as needed.
(凍結真空乾燥処理工程)
 上記凍結させた部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の凍結真空乾燥処理を行う。なお、自体公知の真空乾燥機を用いて行うことができる。
(Freeze vacuum drying process)
The frozen partially deacetylated chitin salt is subjected to freeze-drying treatment. In addition, it can carry out using a publicly known vacuum dryer.
(加熱処理工程)
 本発明の「加熱処理工程」は、下記実施例より、好ましくは真空乾燥機(真空乾燥状態下)を用いて85~95℃、好ましくは約88~92℃において、18~48時間の加熱処理を行う。
 なお、従来のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材(特開2008-220388)の製造工程では、乾燥機を用いて65~85℃において、1~7日の加熱処理を行っていた。従来のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血剤は、加熱処理をしても破断強度が上がりにくく、γ線滅菌で強度が落ちてしまった。
 しかし、本発明の「加熱処理工程」では、短時間の加熱処理により破断強度を向上させることができる。
(Heat treatment process)
In the “heat treatment step” of the present invention, the heat treatment for 18 to 48 hours is preferably carried out at 85 to 95 ° C., preferably about 88 to 92 ° C. using a vacuum dryer (under vacuum drying condition) from the following examples. I do.
In the conventional manufacturing process of chitin-derived sponge-like hemostatic material (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-220388), heat treatment was performed at 65 to 85 ° C. for 1 to 7 days using a dryer. Conventional chitin-derived sponge hemostatic agents are difficult to increase in breaking strength even after heat treatment, and the strength has been reduced by γ-ray sterilization.
However, in the “heat treatment step” of the present invention, the breaking strength can be improved by a short heat treatment.
(加湿処理工程)
 上記加熱処理工程の後に、止血材の水分量を10~19%に調整するために、加湿庫に数日間静置させる工程を含む。本工程は、「加湿処理工程」と称する。
 止血材の水分量を約10~19%に調整することができれば、加湿処理の方法は特に限定さえない。例えば、30℃、50~100%のRH(相対湿度)の加湿庫で上記加熱処理品を数日間(2~12日、好ましくは2~8日間、より好ましくは2~6日間)保存し(前半加湿処理工程)、さらに、スライスした後に、5~50℃、20~100%RHの加湿庫で数日間(2~14日間、好ましくは、4~12日間、より好ましくは6~10日間)保存して(後半加湿処理工程)、加湿処理品を得る。
 下記実施例に示すように、「加湿処理工程」を行うことにより、吸水時間が速くなり、さらに破断強度が向上し、加えて、止血材のひび割れを防ぐことができるようになった。
 また、従来のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材(特開2008-220388)の製造工程では、「加湿処理工程」を行っていない。
(Humidification process)
After the heat treatment step, a step of allowing the hemostatic material to stand for several days in order to adjust the water content of the hemostatic material to 10 to 19% is included. This step is referred to as a “humidification treatment step”.
As long as the water content of the hemostatic material can be adjusted to about 10 to 19%, the humidification method is not particularly limited. For example, the heat-treated product is stored for several days (2 to 12 days, preferably 2 to 8 days, more preferably 2 to 6 days) in a humidifier at 30 ° C. and 50 to 100% RH (relative humidity) ( (Humidification process in the first half), and after slicing, in a humidifier of 5 to 50 ° C. and 20 to 100% RH for several days (2 to 14 days, preferably 4 to 12 days, more preferably 6 to 10 days) Store (second half humidification process) to obtain a humidified product.
As shown in the following examples, by performing the “humidification treatment step”, the water absorption time was increased, the breaking strength was further improved, and in addition, the hemostatic material could be prevented from cracking.
Further, the “humidification treatment process” is not performed in the manufacturing process of the conventional sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-220388).
(γ線滅菌処理)
 止血材は、手術時に用いられるため、滅菌処理されていることが必要である。よって、本発明の止血材は、好ましくは、γ線滅菌処理をする。
 例えば、25kGy、好ましくは50kGyのγ線を上記加湿処理品に照射する。
 なお、下記実施例に示すように、本発明の止血材は、50kGyのγ線照射後でも必要な破断強度(2N以上)を有している。
(Γ sterilization treatment)
Since the hemostatic material is used at the time of surgery, it needs to be sterilized. Therefore, the hemostatic material of the present invention is preferably γ-ray sterilized.
For example, the humidified product is irradiated with γ rays of 25 kGy, preferably 50 kGy.
As shown in the following examples, the hemostatic material of the present invention has a necessary breaking strength (2N or more) even after irradiation with 50 kGy of γ rays.
(超純水処理)
 上記いずれの工程で使用する水は、好ましくは超純水を使用する。
 本発明者らは、「水道水に含まれるエンドトキシンが止血材の製造工程中のキトサンに吸着することにより、止血材に集積すること」を新規に見出した。
 エンドトキシンは、発熱、敗血症やショックを引き起こす有害物質である。
 したがって、好ましくは、止血材の製造工程で使用する水はエンドトキシンフリーである超純水を使用する。
(Ultra pure water treatment)
The water used in any of the above steps is preferably ultrapure water.
The present inventors have newly found that "endotoxin contained in tap water is accumulated on the hemostatic material by adsorbing to chitosan in the production process of the hemostatic material".
Endotoxins are harmful substances that cause fever, sepsis and shock.
Therefore, preferably, the ultrapure water that is endotoxin-free is used as the water used in the production process of the hemostatic material.
 本発明の方法で作成できるシートの厚みは、0.5mm~20mm程度であるので、凍結するシャーベット状標品の厚みも、ほぼ同等の厚みになるように設定すればよい。このように作成したシャーベット状標品を、冷却雰囲気に接触して、凍結する。凍結は、水の凍結温度以下、すなわち0℃以下で、好ましくは、-20℃以下で行うことができる。 Since the thickness of the sheet that can be produced by the method of the present invention is about 0.5 mm to 20 mm, the thickness of the frozen sherbet-like sample may be set to be substantially the same. The sherbet-like specimen prepared in this way is frozen in contact with the cooling atmosphere. Freezing can be performed at a temperature not higher than the freezing temperature of water, that is, 0 ° C. or lower, preferably −20 ° C. or lower.
 凍結方法は、標品を通常の空冷式凍結庫に入れる方法や、冷媒例えば、ブラインであるエタノールや塩化カルシウムの水溶液に、-20℃以下で浸漬する方法や、液体窒素、液体炭酸ガス等を吹き付ける方法も利用できる。 The freezing method includes placing the sample in a normal air-cooled freezer, immersing it in an aqueous solution of a coolant such as ethanol or calcium chloride, which is brine, at −20 ° C. or lower, liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, etc. A spraying method can also be used.
 最終的に本発明の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を主成分とするスポンジ状止血材を得ることができる。本発明は出来上がったスポンジ状止血材の性能が従来法で得られる物よりはるかに良質なことに特色がある。すなわち、厚みが均一であるともに、吸水速度の速いこと、破断強度が高いこと、吸水量が高いことの性能を同時に有する事ができるという特色がある。 Finally, a sponge hemostatic material mainly composed of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt of the present invention can be obtained. The present invention is characterized in that the performance of the finished sponge-like hemostatic material is much better than that obtained by the conventional method. That is, there is a feature that the thickness can be uniform and the water absorption speed is high, the breaking strength is high, and the water absorption is high.
 本発明によって得られる最終製剤の残留酸濃度は、酢酸0~7.0%W/W以下、グルコン酸又はアスパラギン酸2~40%W/Wであり、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基の1モルに対し総酸イオンが0.2~1.00モルである。より好ましくは、最終製剤の残留酸濃度は、酢酸約0~6.0%W/W、グルコン酸又はアスパラギン酸約2.0~30%W/Wであり、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基の1モルに対し総酸イオンが0.4~0.8モルである。 The residual acid concentration of the final preparation obtained by the present invention is 0 to 7.0% W / W or less of acetic acid, 2 to 40% W / W of gluconic acid or aspartic acid, and the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin The total acid ion is 0.2 to 1.00 mol per 1 mol. More preferably, the residual acid concentration of the final formulation is about 0-6.0% W / W acetic acid, about 2.0-30% W / W gluconic acid or aspartic acid, and the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin The total acid ion is 0.4 to 0.8 mol per mol of
 本発明によって得られる最終製剤の体積当り重量は、0.005~0.035g/cm3であり、より好ましくは、体積当り重量は、約0.01~0.002g/cm3である。 The final formulation obtained according to the present invention has a weight per volume of 0.005 to 0.035 g / cm 3 , more preferably a weight per volume of about 0.01 to 0.002 g / cm 3 .
 本発明によって得られる最終製剤のポアサイズは、50~200μmであり、実質的に均質構造である。また、創傷部位に貼付されたときに、創傷局所血液のpHの変化が0.05以下である。さらに、創傷部位から、血液吸収後に断片を実質的に残すことなく容易に除去可能である。加えて、手術器具に吸着しないという性状を備えている。 The pore size of the final preparation obtained by the present invention is 50 to 200 μm and has a substantially homogeneous structure. Further, when applied to the wound site, the change in pH of the wound local blood is 0.05 or less. Furthermore, it can be easily removed from the wound site without substantially leaving fragments after blood absorption. In addition, it has the property of not adsorbing to surgical instruments.
 本発明に用いる各濃度の測定方法は以下の通りである。なお、以下の実施例及び試験例でも使用した。 The measuring method of each concentration used in the present invention is as follows. The following examples and test examples were also used.
 DAC度は、キトサン試料(非晶質キチン又はキトサン)を0.5%(w/w) 酢酸溶液に0.5%(w/w)になるように溶解し、指示薬としてトルイジンブルー溶液を用い、ポリビニル硫酸カリウム水溶液でコロイド滴定して乾物当たりのDAC度(脱アセチル化度)を求めたものである。 DAC degree is obtained by dissolving a chitosan sample (amorphous chitin or chitosan) in 0.5% (w / w) acetic acid solution to 0.5% (w / w), using toluidine blue solution as an indicator, and potassium potassium sulfate. The DAC degree (deacetylation degree) per dry matter was determined by colloidal titration with an aqueous solution.
 粘度は、キトサン試料(非晶質キチン又はキトサン)を0.5%(w/w) 酢酸溶液に0.5%(w/w)になるように溶解し、室温で3時間撹拌し、さらにホモジナイザーで2分間撹拌する。この溶液を恒温槽中で20℃に保ちながらB型粘度計で回転粘度(mPa・s)を測定したものである。 Viscosity is obtained by dissolving a chitosan sample (amorphous chitin or chitosan) in 0.5% (w / w) acetic acid solution to 0.5% (w / w), stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, and then using a homogenizer for 2 minutes. Stir. The rotational viscosity (mPa · s) was measured with a B-type viscometer while keeping this solution at 20 ° C. in a thermostatic bath.
 吸水量の測定における吸水は、試料の重量(A)を測定した後、十分な純水を含む容器に試料を5分間浸漬する。次いで試料をザルに引揚げ、5分間水切りし、試料の重量(B)を測定する。吸水量は、(B-A)/Aで表す。より詳しくは、約0.4gを秤量し(A)、5分間純水中に浸漬し、ザルに引揚げ、5分間水切りし秤量し(B)、以下の式で得た。吸水量=(B-A)/A。
 なお、本発明の止血材の場合、吸水量は20.0g/g~120g/gであり、好ましくは、20.0g/g~60g/gである。
Water absorption in the measurement of the amount of water absorption involves immersing the sample for 5 minutes in a container containing sufficient pure water after measuring the weight (A) of the sample. The sample is then drawn into a colander, drained for 5 minutes, and the weight (B) of the sample is measured. The amount of water absorption is represented by (BA) / A. More specifically, about 0.4 g was weighed (A), soaked in pure water for 5 minutes, lifted into a colander, drained for 5 minutes, weighed (B), and obtained by the following formula. Water absorption = (BA) / A.
In the case of the hemostatic material of the present invention, the water absorption is 20.0 g / g to 120 g / g, preferably 20.0 g / g to 60 g / g.
 吸水時間の測定における吸水(50mm×50mm,1g当り)は、スポンジを50×50mmにカットし、重量を秤量する(A,最小目盛 0.001g以下)。純水を入れた容器に検体を投入し、完全に吸水する時間(T)を測定する。次の式でスポンジ(50mm×50mm)の1g当たりの吸水時間を算出する。吸水時間(sec)=T/A。
 なお、本発明の止血材の場合、吸水時間は、60秒以下であり、良好なものは、50秒以下である。
Water absorption (50 mm x 50 mm, per gram) for measuring water absorption time is to cut the sponge into 50 x 50 mm and weigh the weight (A, minimum scale 0.001 g or less). The specimen is put into a container containing pure water, and the time (T) for complete water absorption is measured. Calculate the water absorption time per gram of sponge (50mm x 50mm) using the following formula. Water absorption time (sec) = T / A.
In the case of the hemostatic material of the present invention, the water absorption time is 60 seconds or less, and a good one is 50 seconds or less.
 水分量は、検体約0.2gを秤量し(A,最小目盛 0.001g以下)、110℃で1時間、熱風乾燥し、デシケーターで1時間放冷後、秤量する(B)。
 水分量(%)=(B-A)/Aで算出する。本発明の止血材の場合、水分は9.0~20%であり、良好なものは10.0~18.0%である。
About 0.2 g of the sample is weighed (A, minimum graduation 0.001 g or less), dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, allowed to cool in a desiccator for 1 hour, and then weighed (B).
Calculated as Moisture content (%) = (BA) / A. In the case of the hemostatic material of the present invention, the water content is 9.0 to 20%, and the good one is 10.0 to 18.0%.
 吸水後の破断強度は、試料を50mm角にカットし、純水に十分浸漬した後、ザルに引揚げ、5分間水切りする。吸水した試料をコルクボーラーやカッターを使い、直径φ40mm、厚さ15mmにカットし、専用の容器(直径φ40mm、高さh15mm)にセットする。クリープメーター(山電製 RHEONERII)を用い、測定速度 1mm/sec、接触直径 20mm、測定歪率 99.99%、格納ピッチ 0.04secの測定条件で押し潰しによる破断強度を測定したとき、本発明の止血材の場合、2.0N以上であり、良好な物は5.0N~200Nである。 For the breaking strength after water absorption, cut the sample into 50mm squares, fully immerse in pure water, lift to a colander and drain for 5 minutes. Cut the water-absorbed sample to a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 15 mm using a cork borer and cutter, and set it in a special container (diameter of 40 mm and height of h15 mm). When measuring the breaking strength by crushing using a creep meter (Yamaden-made RHEONERII) under the measurement conditions of measuring speed 1 mm / sec, contact diameter 20 mm, measuring strain rate 99.99%, storage pitch 0.04 sec, the hemostatic material of the present invention In this case, it is 2.0N or more, and a good product is 5.0N to 200N.
 スポンジ中の酸濃度の測定において、グルコン酸及び酢酸濃度の測定は、細かく刻んだキチン類スポンジ0.1gを秤量し、超純水80ml、6M HCl 30mlを加え、スターラーで一晩撹拌し、完全に溶解させる。6M NaOHを用い、pHを2~3に調整し、超純水で100mlにメスアップした。0.45μmフィルターでろ過を行い、サンプル溶液とする。
 マイクロシリンジを用いて、上記サンプル溶液 10μl採取し、HPLC(有機酸酸分析システム,島津製作所製)を用いて、ポストカラムpH緩衝化電気伝導度検出法でグルコン酸、酢酸等の有機酸を、以下の条件で測定する。なお、グルコン酸のリテンションタイムは17.1分前後、酢酸は26.1分前後であり、グルコン酸標準溶液、酢酸標準溶液及びサンプル溶液をそれぞれ測定し、標準溶液とサンプル溶液のピークの面積値の比からサンプルのグルコン酸濃度、酢酸濃度を算出する。
[分析条件]
 装置:島津製作所製 カルボン酸分析計
<分離条件>
 カラム  :Shim-Pak SCR-102H 2本連結
 移動相  :5mM p-トルエンスルホン酸水溶液
 移動相流速:0.8ml/min
 温度   :40℃
<検出条件>
 緩衝液  :5mM p-トルエンスルホン酸水溶液 
       100μM EDTAを含む20mM Bis-tris水溶液
 緩衝液流速:0.8ml/min
 検出器  :CDD-6A 電気伝導度検出器
 注入量  :10μl
In the measurement of the acid concentration in the sponge, the gluconic acid and acetic acid concentrations were measured by weighing 0.1 g of finely chopped chitin sponge, adding 80 ml of ultrapure water and 30 ml of 6M HCl, stirring with a stirrer overnight, completely Dissolve. The pH was adjusted to 2-3 using 6M NaOH, and the volume was adjusted to 100 ml with ultrapure water. Filter with a 0.45 μm filter to make the sample solution.
Using a microsyringe, collect 10 μl of the above sample solution and use HPLC (organic acid analysis system, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to extract organic acids such as gluconic acid and acetic acid by the post-column pH buffered conductivity detection method. Measure under the following conditions. The retention time of gluconic acid is around 17.1 minutes and acetic acid is around 26.1 minutes. The gluconic acid standard solution, the acetic acid standard solution and the sample solution are measured, and the sample is determined from the ratio of the peak area values of the standard solution and the sample solution. The gluconic acid concentration and acetic acid concentration are calculated.
[Analysis conditions]
Equipment: Carboxylic acid analyzer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
<Separation conditions>
Column: Two Shim-Pak SCR-102H units Mobile phase: 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution Mobile phase flow rate: 0.8 ml / min
Temperature: 40 ° C
<Detection conditions>
Buffer solution: 5 mM p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution
20 mM Bis-tris aqueous solution containing 100 μM EDTA Buffer flow rate: 0.8 ml / min
Detector: CDD-6A Conductivity detector Injection volume: 10μl
 スポンジ中の酸濃度において、アスパラギン酸の分析は、試料 0.15g程度を細かく刻み秤量し、純水を約20ml加え、ホモジナイザーを用い、懸濁溶液を調製する。次に、50mMリン酸緩衝液(pH 6.9)10mlを添加し、50mlにメスアップする。溶液を0.45μmフィルターでろ過を行いサンプル溶液とし、HPLC(島津製作所製)を用い、以下の分析条件で測定する。アスパラギン酸のリテンションタイムは10.6分前後であるが、酢酸のリテンションタイムが10.8分前後と近いため、スポンジ中に酢酸とアスパラギン酸の両方が含まれる場合は、ピークが重なってしまうため補正が必要である。補正の方法は、本法で酢酸標準溶液を分析し、酢酸濃度に対するピークの面積値を求め、段落「0037」の方法で求めた酢酸濃度から本法における酢酸の面積値を計算し、次にサンプルを分析し、アスパラギン酸と酢酸の重なったピークの面積値から酢酸の面積値を差し引く。アスパラギン酸標準溶液、及びサンプル溶液をそれぞれ測定し、標準溶液のピーク面積値とサンプル溶液の補正したピーク面積値の比からサンプルのアスパラギン酸濃度を算出する。
[分析条件]
<分離条件>
 カラム:Shodex KW-802.5
 移動相:10mM リン酸緩衝液(pH6.9)
 流速 :1.0ml/min
 温度 :40℃
 検出器:UV検出器 測定波長 210nm
 注入量:10μl
For the analysis of aspartic acid in the acid concentration in the sponge, weigh about 0.15 g of the sample finely, weigh about 20 ml of pure water, and prepare a suspension using a homogenizer. Next, add 10 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) and make up to 50 ml. The solution is filtered with a 0.45 μm filter to obtain a sample solution, which is measured using HPLC (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) under the following analysis conditions. The retention time of aspartic acid is around 10.6 minutes, but the retention time of acetic acid is close to around 10.8 minutes, so if both the acetic acid and aspartic acid are contained in the sponge, the peaks will overlap and correction is necessary. is there. The correction method is to analyze the acetic acid standard solution by this method, determine the peak area value relative to the acetic acid concentration, calculate the acetic acid area value in this method from the acetic acid concentration determined by the method of paragraph “0037”, and then The sample is analyzed and the area value of acetic acid is subtracted from the area value of the overlapping peak of aspartic acid and acetic acid. The aspartic acid standard solution and the sample solution are measured, and the aspartic acid concentration of the sample is calculated from the ratio of the peak area value of the standard solution to the corrected peak area value of the sample solution.
[Analysis conditions]
<Separation conditions>
Column: Shodex KW-802.5
Mobile phase: 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.9)
Flow rate: 1.0ml / min
Temperature: 40 ° C
Detector: UV detector Measurement wavelength 210nm
Injection volume: 10μl
(キチン及びキトサンの分類)
 本発明では、各キトサンの特性を以下のように表現する。
 FMは、中粘度キトサン(DAC度 100%、粘度約44mPa・s)、DAC30Mは中粘度非晶質キチン(DAC度 25%~40%程度 粘度20~100mPa・s)、DAC30Lは低粘度非晶質キチン(DAC度 25%~40%程度 粘度20mPa・s以下)、DAC30Hは高粘度非晶質キチン(DAC度 25%~40%程度 粘度100~300mPa・s)、 DAC50Lは低粘度非晶質キチン(DAC度 50%付近 粘度 20mPa・s以下)、DAC30L+FH(DAC度 59%、粘度86mPa・s)は低粘度非晶質キチンDAC30Lと高粘度キトサンFH(DAC度 100%、粘度215mPa・s)を13:7に混合したものである。
(Classification of chitin and chitosan)
In the present invention, the characteristics of each chitosan are expressed as follows.
FM is medium viscosity chitosan (DAC degree 100%, viscosity about 44 mPa · s), DAC30M is medium viscosity amorphous chitin (DAC degree 25% to 40% viscosity 20-100 mPa · s), DAC30L is low viscosity amorphous Quality chitin (DAC degree 25% ~ 40% viscosity 20mPa · s or less), DAC30H is high viscosity amorphous chitin (DAC degree 25% ~ 40% viscosity 100 ~ 300mPa · s), DAC50L is low viscosity amorphous Chitin (DAC degree around 50%, viscosity 20mPa · s or less), DAC30L + FH (DAC degree 59%, viscosity 86mPa · s) are low viscosity amorphous chitin DAC30L and high viscosity chitosan FH (DAC degree 100%, viscosity 215mPa · s) Are mixed at 13: 7.
 また、本発明で得られる止血材は、スポンジの特定の密度、強度によっては柔軟性に欠けて割れやすかったり、もろい場合がある。その場合には非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の溶液の状態でポリエチレングリコール、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、油剤などの柔軟剤を0.01~10%W/W程度加えて同様に製造すれば最終に作成された止血材に柔軟性を持たせることができる。 In addition, the hemostatic material obtained in the present invention may be fragile or brittle depending on the specific density and strength of the sponge. In that case, if it is manufactured in the same manner by adding about 0.01 to 10% W / W of a softening agent such as polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerin or oil in the state of an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt solution, The created hemostatic material can have flexibility.
 また、本発明では、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の溶液の時点で第3成分を入れ、最終の止血材がこれら第3成分を含んだものが容易に作成可能である。たとえば医薬品、化粧品、医薬部外品を含んだ止血材の製造が可能である。特に生理活性が他の化学成分や温度によって変性しやすい物質を止血材内に保持させることができる。 In the present invention, the third component is added at the time of the solution of the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt, and the final hemostatic material containing these third components can be easily prepared. For example, it is possible to manufacture hemostatic materials including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and quasi drugs. In particular, a substance whose physiological activity is easily denatured by other chemical components or temperature can be retained in the hemostatic material.
 また、これら薬剤を非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩のスポンジ中に混合し成型することで、薬剤に徐放性機能をもたせることが可能と考えられる。 Also, it is considered that these drugs can be mixed with an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt sponge and molded to give the drug a sustained release function.
 以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.
(キチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の製造)
 各実験例で使用するスポンジ状止血材の製造を行った。製造方法は以下の通りである。
(Manufacture of sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin)
A sponge-like hemostatic material used in each experimental example was produced. The manufacturing method is as follows.
 下記エタノール添加処理でのエタノール終濃度0.4%(サンプルNo:S806233)、0.5%(サンプルNo:S807091)、1.0%(サンプルNo:S807081)、3.0%(サンプルNo:S801161)のスポンジ状止血材の製造を行った。 In the following ethanol addition treatment, the final concentration of ethanol 0.4% (Sample No: S806233), 0.5% (Sample No: S807091), 1.0% (Sample No: S807081), 3.0% (Sample No: S801161) Manufactured.
(非晶質キチンの製造)
 48%NaOH 3kgに水0.6L、43メッシュの高純度キチン粉末(商品名:キチンL-PC)〔粘度 65mPa・s(NN―ジメチルアセトアミド/8%(W/W)塩化リチウム溶液に0.2%(W/W)の割合で溶解し、30℃で測定)、水分 1.8%、灰分 0.03%、DAC度 0.96%〕0.3kgを加え調製し、35~60℃で2~5時間分散させた。その後、氷6kgを加えて冷却条件下(-10~-30℃)で3時間攪拌し、水6Lを加え、キチン濃度約2%(W/W)、アルカリ濃度約10%(W/W)のアルカリキチンドープを調製し、30℃でDAC度(脱アセチル化度)及び粘度が目的値になるように〔例えばDAC度60±5%、粘度 50mPa・s(20℃において0.5%(W/W)溶液) 〕熟成した。その後、溶液を150メッシュ ナイロンメッシュで減圧ろ過し、95%硫酸水溶液で中和した。この際に沈殿した部分脱アセチル化キチンゲルを50メッシュ ナイロンメッシュに移し、手で絞り脱水した。その後、4回湯洗して脱塩し、次いで圧搾した。次に、この脱水後の部分脱アセチル化キチンゲルを凍結真空乾燥処理した後、粉砕して脱アセチル化度約60%、粘度減少のない〔20℃において20mPa・s~780mPa・s(0.5%(W/W)溶液)〕の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン(非晶質キチンDAC60ともいう)を得た。
 非晶質キチンDAC60(脱アセチル化度=55~65%)〔20℃において粘度20 mPa・s~100 mPa・s (0.5%(W/W)溶液)〕を用い、その1重量%を純水に加えた。その際、非晶質キチンDAC60を撹拌、分散させた。
(Manufacture of amorphous chitin)
48% NaOH 3kg, water 0.6L, 43 mesh high purity chitin powder (trade name: Chitin L-PC) [viscosity 65mPa · s (NN-dimethylacetamide / 8% (W / W) 0.2% in lithium chloride solution ( W / W), measured at 30 ° C.), 1.8% moisture, 0.03% ash, 0.96% DAC degree 0.3 kg], and prepared and dispersed at 35-60 ° C. for 2-5 hours. Then, add 6 kg of ice and stir for 3 hours under cooling conditions (-10 to -30 ° C), add 6 L of water, chitin concentration about 2% (W / W), alkali concentration about 10% (W / W). The alkali chitin dope was prepared at 30 ° C. so that the DAC degree (deacetylation degree) and the viscosity reached the target values [for example, DAC degree 60 ± 5%, viscosity 50 mPa · s (0.5% at 20 ° C. (W / W) Solution)] Aged. Thereafter, the solution was filtered under reduced pressure with a 150 mesh nylon mesh and neutralized with 95% aqueous sulfuric acid. The partially deacetylated chitin gel precipitated at this time was transferred to a 50 mesh nylon mesh and manually dewatered. Then, it was desalted by washing with hot water four times and then pressed. Next, this dehydrated partially deacetylated chitin gel was freeze-dried and then pulverized to give a degree of deacetylation of about 60% and no decrease in viscosity [at 20 ° C., 20 mPa · s to 780 mPa · s (0.5% ( W / W) solution)] of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin (also referred to as amorphous chitin DAC60) was obtained.
Amorphous chitin DAC60 (Deacetylation level = 55 to 65%) [Viscosity 20 mPa · s to 100 mPa · s (0.5% (W / W) solution) at 20 ° C] was used, and 1% by weight was purified. Added to water. At that time, amorphous chitin DAC60 was stirred and dispersed.
(非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の製造工程)
 上記分散後、酸(リン酸又はアスパラギン酸又はグルコン酸)添加を行った。酸添加量は非晶質キチンのアミノ基1モルに対し酸0.4~0.8モルを添加する。計算式は以下のようになる。
 酸添加量(g)=非晶質キチン量(g)/非晶質キチンモノマー分子量×脱アセチル化度(%)/100×0.4~0.8×酸分子量
 ここで酸分子量はグルコン酸が178.14、アスパラギン酸が133.1、リン酸が98である。
 酸の添加後、撹拌を1晩行い、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩の懸濁液または溶解液を調製した。
(Process for producing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt)
After the dispersion, acid (phosphoric acid, aspartic acid, or gluconic acid) was added. The amount of acid added is 0.4 to 0.8 mol of acid per 1 mol of amino group of amorphous chitin. The calculation formula is as follows.
Acid addition amount (g) = amorphous chitin amount (g) / amorphous chitin monomer molecular weight x degree of deacetylation (%) / 100 x 0.4 to 0.8 x acid molecular weight where the acid molecular weight is 178.14 for gluconic acid, asparagine The acid is 133.1 and phosphoric acid is 98.
After the addition of the acid, stirring was performed overnight to prepare an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt suspension or solution.
(エタノール添加処理)
 さらに、エタノール終濃度が0.4~3.0%になるようにエタノールを添加した。なお、必要時までに-30℃で冷凍した。
(Ethanol addition treatment)
Furthermore, ethanol was added so that the final ethanol concentration was 0.4 to 3.0%. It was frozen at -30 ° C until needed.
(シャーベット凍結処理工程)
 エタノール添加後の溶液をろ過(ステンレスメッシュ 1480メッシュ エアー加圧式ろ過)した。次に、ろ液をシャーベット状氷製造に供した。詳しくは、ろ過した非晶質キチン溶液の約1000gに対しドライアイスを500g~700g程度加え、ブレンダーで粉砕し、シャーベット状にした。シャーベット温度は-5℃~+5℃に調整した。
(Sherbet freezing process)
The solution after addition of ethanol was filtered (stainless steel mesh 1480 mesh air pressure filtration). The filtrate was then subjected to sherbet ice production. Specifically, about 500 g to 700 g of dry ice was added to about 1000 g of the filtered amorphous chitin solution, and crushed with a blender to obtain a sherbet. The sherbet temperature was adjusted to -5 ° C to + 5 ° C.
 得られたシャーベット状氷をトレイに充填し、凍結させた。凍結は、-30℃の冷凍庫に入れ、1晩かけてシャーベットをしっかり緩徐に凍結させた。なお、冷凍庫に入れておけば何日でも保存が可能である。 The obtained sherbet-like ice was filled in a tray and frozen. Freezing was carried out in a freezer at −30 ° C., and the sherbet was frozen slowly and overnight. In addition, if it puts in a freezer, it can preserve | save for many days.
(凍結真空乾燥処理)
 上記トレイに充填したシャーベット状氷を4日間の凍結真空乾燥処理に供して、凍結真空乾燥処理品を得た。
(Freeze vacuum drying process)
The sherbet-shaped ice filled in the tray was subjected to a freeze-dry process for 4 days to obtain a freeze-dry product.
(加熱処理)
 次に、上記凍結真空乾燥処理後の凍結乾燥品に、90℃の加熱処理を24時間行い、加熱処理品を得た。
(Heat treatment)
Next, the freeze-dried product after the freeze-drying treatment was subjected to a heat treatment at 90 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a heat-treated product.
(加湿処理)
 次に、加湿処理として、30℃、50~100%のRH(相対湿度)の加湿庫で上記加熱処理品を4日間保存した。さらに、スライスした後に、5~50℃、20~100%RHの加湿庫で2~7日間保存(水分が10~18%になるように調整した)して、加湿処理品を得た。
(Humidification treatment)
Next, as a humidification treatment, the heat-treated product was stored for 4 days in a humidification chamber at 30 ° C. and 50 to 100% RH (relative humidity). Further, after slicing, the product was stored for 2 to 7 days in a humidifier at 5 to 50 ° C. and 20 to 100% RH (adjusted so that the water content was 10 to 18%) to obtain a humidified product.
(滅菌処理)
 上記加湿処理品を5cm×5cmに形成し、アルミ滅菌用袋に入れ密封した後に、γ線滅菌(25kGy)を行った。
(Sterilization)
The humidified product was formed into 5 cm × 5 cm, sealed in an aluminum sterilization bag, and then sterilized with γ rays (25 kGy).
上記の各止血材サンプルの詳しい製造特性は図1及び図2に記載する。 Detailed manufacturing characteristics of each hemostatic material sample are described in FIGS.
(加熱処理の検討)
 非晶質キチンは100℃、1時間の加熱により、強度や酸に対する溶解性等の物性が変化することが明らかとなっている。そこで、脱アセチル化度約35%の非晶質キチングルコン酸塩スポンジを90℃で6h(加湿処理前のLot.No.S70933)、12h(加湿処理前のLot.No.S709181)、18h(加湿処理前のLot.No.S710111)、24h(Lot.No.S710112)加熱処理して得られたキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の破断強度及び吸水量を測定した。
(Examination of heat treatment)
It has been clarified that amorphous chitin changes its physical properties such as strength and acid solubility when heated at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. Therefore, an amorphous chitin gluconate sponge having a degree of deacetylation of about 35% was obtained at 90 ° C. for 6 hours (Lot. No. S70933 before humidification treatment), 12 h (Lot. No. S709181 before humidification treatment), 18 h ( The rupture strength and water absorption of the sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin obtained by heat treatment of Lot. No. S710111) and 24 h (Lot. No. S710112) before humidification treatment were measured.
 上記測定結果を図3に示す。
 図3の結果から明らかなように、加熱処理の時間が長くなるほど破断強度は上昇し、逆に吸水量は低下した。また、本発明の加熱処理工程により、18~24hの短時間で高い破断強度に増加できることができた。
 また、従来のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材(特開2008-220388)の製造工程での加熱処理では、乾燥機を用いて65~85℃において、1~7日の加熱処理を行っていた。しかし、本発明の加熱処理では、短時間で破断強度を増加することができる。
The measurement results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from the results of FIG. 3, the breaking strength increased as the heat treatment time increased, and the water absorption decreased. In addition, the heat treatment step of the present invention was able to increase the high breaking strength in a short time of 18 to 24 hours.
In addition, in the conventional heat treatment in the production process of a sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-220388), heat treatment was performed at 65 to 85 ° C. for 1 to 7 days using a dryer. However, the heat treatment of the present invention can increase the breaking strength in a short time.
(滅菌処理の検討)
 キチン類を原材料とした素材をγ線照射すると低分子化が生じ、素材の強度が低下することが知られている。そのため、最終製品の滅菌操作におけるγ線照射後でも十分な破断強度{2ニュートン(N)以上}を保持することが必要である。そこで、Lot.No.S801161の止血材に25kGyのγ線照射行い、γ線照射前後の破断強度を測定した。
(Examination of sterilization treatment)
It is known that γ-ray irradiation of a raw material made from chitins causes a decrease in molecular weight and the strength of the raw material decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a sufficient breaking strength {2 Newton (N) or more} even after γ-ray irradiation in the sterilization operation of the final product. Therefore, the hemostatic material of Lot. No. S801161 was irradiated with 25 kGy of γ-ray, and the breaking strength before and after γ-ray irradiation was measured.
 上記測定結果を図4に示す。
 図4の結果から明らかなように、25kGyのγ線照射により破断強度22.1±3.7Nから12.8±6.5Nと約40%の低下が認められた。しかし、下記実施例で示すウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験において、良好かつ十分な止血性能とハンドリング性能を維持していた。
The measurement results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from the results of FIG. 4, a decrease of about 40% from the breaking strength 22.1 ± 3.7 N to 12.8 ± 6.5 N was observed by irradiation with 25 kGy of γ rays. However, in the hemostasis experiment using the rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model shown in the following examples, good and sufficient hemostasis performance and handling performance were maintained.
 キチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の大量生産において、多数量の製品を箱に入れγ線滅菌を行う場合、製品の位置により、照射線量が少ない場所がでてくる可能性がある。滅菌バリデーションでは、照射線量が少ない場所でも25kGyの照射量が要求される。そのため、実際には25kGyよりも多くの照射線量が必要になる。よって、2倍量(50kGy)のγ線照射した製品の安定性を確認する必要がある。そこで、Lot.No.S810141のスポンジ状止血材を25kGy又は50kGyのγ線照射行い、γ線照射前後の破断強度を測定した。 In mass production of sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin, when γ-ray sterilization is performed by putting a large amount of product in a box, there may be a place where the irradiation dose is small depending on the position of the product. In sterilization validation, an irradiation dose of 25 kGy is required even in places where the irradiation dose is low. Therefore, more radiation dose than 25kGy is actually required. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the stability of the product irradiated with twice the amount (50 kGy) of γ rays. Therefore, the sponge hemostatic material of Lot. No. S810141 was irradiated with 25 kGy or 50 kGy of γ-ray, and the breaking strength before and after γ-ray irradiation was measured.
 上記測定結果を図5に示す。
 図5の結果から明らかなように、50kGyのγ線照射後には、γ線照射前より、破断強度は半分以下に低下するが、必要な破断強度(2N以上)を有していた。
 以上の結果より、本発明のキチン由来のスポンジ状止血材は、γ滅菌処理後においても必要な破断強度を有している。
The measurement results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from the results of FIG. 5, after 50 kGy γ-ray irradiation, the rupture strength was reduced to half or less than before γ-ray irradiation, but had the necessary rupture strength (2N or more).
From the above results, the chitin-derived sponge hemostatic material of the present invention has the necessary breaking strength even after γ sterilization treatment.
(エタノール添加処理の検討)
 シャーベット凍結処理工程において、従来の方法ではシャーベット状氷が固まりやすく安定的な成形が困難であり、キチン由来のスポンジ状止血材の大量生産には不向きであった。したがって、大量生産を行うためには、さらに作業効率のよい製造方法を開発する必要があった。
 本発明者らは、エタノールを、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩(DAC 37.2%)を含む溶液に添加することにより、凍結氷を柔らかくすることをできると考えた。そこで、エタノールをそれぞれ終濃度5%、10%、15%、20%、30%となるように、非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を含む溶液に添加し、-20℃及び-30℃に冷却したときの凍結氷の変化を肉眼的に観察した。
(Examination of ethanol addition treatment)
In the sherbet freezing process, the sherbet-like ice tends to harden and is difficult to be stably formed by the conventional method, and is not suitable for mass production of a sponge-like hemostatic material derived from chitin. Therefore, in order to perform mass production, it was necessary to develop a manufacturing method with higher work efficiency.
The inventors thought that frozen ice could be softened by adding ethanol to a solution containing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt (DAC 37.2%). Therefore, ethanol was added to a solution containing amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt so as to have final concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, at −20 ° C. and −30 ° C. The change of the frozen ice when it was cooled down was visually observed.
 観察結果を下記表1に示す。
 エタノールの添加量が増えるほど凍結氷は柔らかくなった。また、エタノールを5%添加した溶液について-20℃から-30℃に温度を下げると、氷の性状は柔らかい氷から硬い氷へと変化した。
 以上のことから、シャーベット状凍結氷を成形する-10℃~0℃の温度域では、氷は柔らかく流動性のある性状で作業効率が良く、さらに凍結工程(-30℃)で硬い氷状になり凍結乾燥処理工程で沸騰すること無く良質なスポンジを得ることができ、大量生産に有用な製造方法を開発することができる。
The observation results are shown in Table 1 below.
The frozen ice became softer as the amount of ethanol added increased. Further, when the temperature was lowered from −20 ° C. to −30 ° C. for a solution containing 5% ethanol, the ice property changed from soft ice to hard ice.
From the above, in the temperature range of -10 ° C to 0 ° C where sherbet-shaped frozen ice is formed, the ice is soft and fluid and has good working efficiency, and further, it becomes hard iced in the freezing process (-30 ° C). As a result, a high-quality sponge can be obtained without boiling in the freeze-drying process, and a production method useful for mass production can be developed.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
(最適なエタノール添加量の検討)
 非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩(DAC 58.5%)を含む溶液のエタノール終濃度が0%~3.0%になるようにエタノールを添加して特性を評価した。
 さらに、エタノール終濃度3.0%になるように製造した止血材でウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験を行った。加えて、エタノール終濃度3.0%又は1.0%にして製造した止血材の表面の構造を走査電顕顕微鏡で観察した。
(Examination of optimal ethanol addition amount)
The characteristics were evaluated by adding ethanol so that the ethanol final concentration of the solution containing the amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt (DAC 58.5%) was 0% to 3.0%.
Furthermore, a hemostasis experiment was conducted using a rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model with a hemostatic material produced to a final ethanol concentration of 3.0%. In addition, the structure of the surface of the hemostatic material produced with a final ethanol concentration of 3.0% or 1.0% was observed with a scanning electron microscope.
 特性評価を図6に示す。
 エタノール終濃度を0.4~1.0%なるように製造したところ、製造時のシャーベット状凍結氷の良好な成形性を損なうことなく、ウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験で十分な止血効果があることが確認できた。なお、エタノール終濃度3.0%になるように製造した止血材では止血効果が認められなかった。
The characteristic evaluation is shown in FIG.
Manufactured to a final ethanol concentration of 0.4 to 1.0%, it has a sufficient hemostatic effect in hemostasis experiments using the rabbit iliac microbleeding model without impairing the good moldability of the sherbet-like frozen ice at the time of manufacture. I was able to confirm. In addition, the hemostatic effect was not recognized in the hemostatic material manufactured so that ethanol final concentration might be 3.0%.
 エタノール終濃度3.0%及び1.0%になるように製造した止血材の表面の構造を走査電顕顕微鏡の観察結果を、それぞれ図7、図8に示す。
 図7の画像から明らかなように、エタノール終濃度3.0%になるように製造した止血材では血液吸収に必要な十分な大きさの細孔(50~200μm径)が形成されなかった。
 図8の画像から明らかなように、1.0%で製造した止血材の表面には十分な大きさの多孔質構造を確認した。
FIGS. 7 and 8 show the results of observation with a scanning electron microscope of the structure of the surface of the hemostatic material manufactured to have final ethanol concentrations of 3.0% and 1.0%, respectively.
As is apparent from the image in FIG. 7, the hemostatic material produced to have a final ethanol concentration of 3.0% did not form sufficiently large pores (50 to 200 μm diameter) necessary for blood absorption.
As is clear from the image of FIG. 8, a sufficiently large porous structure was confirmed on the surface of the hemostatic material produced at 1.0%.
 上記結果より、エタノール終濃度を3.0%から0.4~1.0%に低下させて製造したところ、製造時のシャーベット状凍結氷の良好な成形性を損なうことなく、十分な大きさの多孔質構造をもつスポンジが得られ、ウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験で十分な止血効果があることが確認できた。
 以上のことから容易に成形できるためエタノール添加処理でのエタノールの終濃度は0.4~1.0%とした。
From the above results, when the final ethanol concentration was reduced from 3.0% to 0.4 to 1.0%, it was produced with a sufficiently large porous structure without impairing the good moldability of the sherbet-like frozen ice during production. A sponge was obtained, and it was confirmed by a hemostatic experiment using a rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model that there was a sufficient hemostatic effect.
From the above, since it can be easily molded, the final concentration of ethanol in the ethanol addition treatment was set to 0.4 to 1.0%.
(加湿処理の検討)
 ウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験で十分な止血効果を得るためには血液の吸収時間が早い必要がある。加湿環境下でスポンジを静置(加湿処理)し、スポンジ中の水分量と吸水時間の関係並びに破断強度と吸水量の関係を確認した。なお、使用した止血材は、Lot.S710111 A~K(それぞれ、0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10日間の加湿時間:後半加湿処理)である。
 具体的には、厚さ約20mmのスポンジを50×50mmにカットし、重量を秤量した(A,最小目盛 0.001g以下)。室温(20℃)中で純水を入れた容器に検体を投入し、完全に吸水する時間(T)を測定した。吸水時間(sec)=T/Aで算出した。
 なお、吸水時間100秒以下であれば、ウサギ腸骨微小出血モデルを用いた止血実験での止血効果を達すことができることを確認している。
 加湿処理は、キチン類スポンジ状止血材DAC35を乾燥機(ダルトン製)内に加湿機を入れ、乾燥機を30℃に設定し、加湿器を運転した。
(Examination of humidification treatment)
In order to obtain a sufficient hemostatic effect in a hemostatic experiment using a rabbit iliac microhemorrhage model, it is necessary that the absorption time of blood is fast. The sponge was allowed to stand in a humidified environment (humidification treatment), and the relationship between the moisture content in the sponge and the water absorption time and the relationship between the breaking strength and the water absorption amount were confirmed. The hemostatic materials used were Lot. S710111 A to K (humidification time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days, respectively: second half humidification treatment).
Specifically, a sponge having a thickness of about 20 mm was cut into 50 × 50 mm and weighed (A, minimum graduation 0.001 g or less). The specimen was put into a container containing pure water at room temperature (20 ° C.), and the time (T) for complete water absorption was measured. Water absorption time (sec) = T / A.
In addition, if the water absorption time is 100 seconds or less, it has been confirmed that a hemostatic effect in a hemostatic experiment using a rabbit iliac microbleeding model can be achieved.
For the humidification treatment, the chitin sponge hemostatic material DAC35 was placed in a drier (made by Dalton), the drier was set at 30 ° C., and the humidifier was operated.
 止血材中の水分量と吸水時間の関係を図9に示す。
 図9から明らかなように、後半加湿処理において加湿7日にスポンジ中の水分が10%を超えた時、吸水時間が急速に早くなった。このことからスポンジ中の水分が吸水時間に影響することを確認した。
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the amount of water in the hemostatic material and the water absorption time.
As is clear from FIG. 9, when the moisture content in the sponge exceeded 10% on the 7th day of humidification in the latter half humidification treatment, the water absorption time was rapidly increased. From this, it was confirmed that the moisture in the sponge affects the water absorption time.
 止血材の破断強度と吸水量の関係を図10に示す。
 図10から明らかなように、止血材中の水分量が高くなれば、破断強度が高くなり、吸水量が低下していった。特に、止血材中の水分量の変化と破断強度の変化の傾向は、同じパターンを示しており、止血材中の水分量が破断強度に影響を与えることを確認した。
The relationship between the breaking strength of the hemostatic material and the amount of water absorption is shown in FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 10, when the water content in the hemostatic material increases, the breaking strength increases and the water absorption decreases. In particular, the tendency of the change in the moisture content in the hemostatic material and the change in the breaking strength showed the same pattern, and it was confirmed that the moisture content in the hemostatic material affects the breaking strength.
 以上により、加湿処理により、止血材の水分量を約11~17%に調整すれば、破断強度及び吸収時間の向上させることができた。
 また、γ線滅菌により止血材の破断強度が低下するので、該滅菌前に加湿処理を行い破断強度を予め高くしておくことは好ましい。
As described above, when the moisture content of the hemostatic material is adjusted to about 11 to 17% by humidification, the breaking strength and the absorption time can be improved.
Further, since the breaking strength of the hemostatic material is reduced by γ-ray sterilization, it is preferable to perform a humidification treatment before the sterilization to increase the breaking strength in advance.
(止血材の物理的特性の評価)
 実施例1で製造した各止血材(Lot.No.S801161、S806233、S807081及びS807091)の物理的特性を分析、評価した。
 なお、各物理的特性の測定方法は、以下の通りである。
 色差b値:スポンジ表面の色を色差計(ZE-200,日本電色)で測定した。
 体積当たり重量の押潰し:押し潰した状態(スポンジをアルミ板で上から手で押さえ潰した)のスポンジの体積当たり重量を測定した。さらに、スポンジの縦、横、高さをノギスで測定し、体積を計算した。電子天秤で重量測定を行い、体積当り重量を求めた。
 体積当たり重量の非押潰し:押し潰していない状態のスポンジの体積当たり重量を測定した。さらに、スポンジの縦、横、高さをノギスで測定し、体積を計算した。電子天秤で重量測定を行い、体積当り重量を求めた。
 エンドトキシン分析方法:検体約2mgを秤量し、0.05N HCl 0.9mlを加え、超音波処理を行いながら、 4℃,15分間抽出処理を行う。その後、0.05N NaOHでpHを6~8に調整し、試験溶液とした。エンドトキシンの定量または検出は、エンドトキシン定量キット(比色法) Limulus Amebocyte Lysate,QCL-1000で定量(製造:Cambrex Bio Science Walkersville,Inc.)、又は、エンドトキシン検出キット(ゲル化法)パイロテル(登録商標)(製造:Associates of Cape Cod,Inc.)で測定した。なお、エンドトキシンは100EU/g以下の場合を陰性とした。
(Evaluation of physical properties of hemostatic materials)
The physical characteristics of each hemostatic material (Lot. No. S801161, S806233, S807081 and S807091) produced in Example 1 were analyzed and evaluated.
In addition, the measuring method of each physical characteristic is as follows.
Color difference b value: The color of the sponge surface was measured with a color difference meter (ZE-200, Nippon Denshoku).
Crushing of weight per volume: The weight per volume of the sponge in a crushed state (the sponge was crushed by hand with an aluminum plate from above) was measured. Further, the length, width and height of the sponge were measured with a caliper, and the volume was calculated. The weight was measured with an electronic balance to determine the weight per volume.
Non-crushing weight per volume: The weight per volume of the sponge that was not crushed was measured. Further, the length, width and height of the sponge were measured with a caliper, and the volume was calculated. The weight was measured with an electronic balance to determine the weight per volume.
Endotoxin analysis method: Weigh about 2 mg of the sample, add 0.9 ml of 0.05N HCl, and perform extraction treatment at 4 ° C for 15 minutes while sonicating. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 6-8 with 0.05N NaOH to prepare a test solution. Endotoxin quantification or detection can be determined with an endotoxin quantification kit (colorimetric method) Limulus Amebocyte Lysate, QCL-1000 (manufactured by Cambrex Bio Science Walkersville, Inc.) or an endotoxin detection kit (gelation method) Pyrotel (registered trademark ) ) (Production: Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.). Endotoxin was considered negative when it was 100 EU / g or less.
 分析結果を図11に示す。
 図11から明らかなように、本発明の止血材{Lot.No.S806233、S807081及びS807091(エタノール終濃度0.4%~1.0%)}は、コントロールの止血材{Lot.No.S801161(エタノール終濃度3.0%)と比較して、吸水時間及び破断強度が優れていることを確認した。
The analysis results are shown in FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 11, the hemostatic material {Lot. No. S806233, S807081 and S807091 (final ethanol concentration 0.4% to 1.0%)} of the present invention is the control hemostatic material {Lot. No. S801161 (ethanol final concentration). 3.0%), it was confirmed that the water absorption time and breaking strength were excellent.
(止血材の止血効果の確認)
 実施例1で製造した各止血材(Lot.No.S801161、S806233、S807081及びS807091)の止血効果を確認した。
 なお、動物実験の詳細は、以下の通りである。
 全身麻酔下において、背臥位にした家兎の腰部(腸骨稜直上部)より切開し、電気メスを用いて止血しながら腸骨翼から仙腸関節部までの腸骨を露出させた。仙腸関節部より遠位へ10~15mmの腸骨平坦部分に直径5mm、深さ4~5mmの穴を電気ドリルにて開穴した。次に、初期の出血をガーゼにて5秒間押さえ、各サンプルを10mg骨穴に充填した。充填後、予め重量を計測しておいたウレタンスポンジで出血する血液を5分間吸収させた。5分後止血したか否かを確認した。さらに、ウレタンスポンジの重量を計測し、最初の重量との差から出血量を測定した。5分間のうちに完全止血した場合はその時間を測定し、5分まで待って該サンプルを除去、骨穴よりの出血の有無を確認した。操作中は持続的に血圧のモニタリングを行った。
(Confirmation of hemostatic effect of hemostatic material)
The hemostatic effect of each hemostatic material (Lot. No. S801161, S806233, S807081 and S807091) manufactured in Example 1 was confirmed.
Details of the animal experiment are as follows.
Under general anesthesia, an incision was made from the lumbar region (immediately above the iliac crest) of the rabbit in the supine position, and the iliac bone from the iliac wing to the sacroiliac joint was exposed while hemostasis was performed using an electric knife. A hole with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 4-5 mm was drilled with an electric drill in the flat portion of the iliac bone 10-15 mm distal to the sacroiliac joint. Next, the initial bleeding was pressed with gauze for 5 seconds, and each sample was filled into a 10 mg bone hole. After filling, blood that bleeds was absorbed for 5 minutes with a urethane sponge that had been weighed in advance. After 5 minutes, it was confirmed whether or not hemostasis occurred. Furthermore, the weight of the urethane sponge was measured, and the amount of bleeding was measured from the difference from the initial weight. When complete hemostasis occurred within 5 minutes, the time was measured, the sample was removed after 5 minutes, and the presence or absence of bleeding from the bone hole was confirmed. Blood pressure was continuously monitored during the operation.
 止血効果を図12に示す。
 図12から明らかなように、本発明の止血材{Lot.No.S806233、S807081及びS807091(エタノール終濃度0.4%~1.0%)}は、コントロールの止血材{Lot.No.S801161(エタノール終濃度3.0%)と比較して、血液吸収時間、血液吸収量及び止血効果が優れていることを確認した。
 さらに、本発明の止血材の血液吸収時間は、従来の止血材(特開2008-220388号公報に記載の止血材)の血液吸収時間と比較して、約1.9~15倍優れていることを確認した。
The hemostatic effect is shown in FIG.
As is clear from FIG. 12, the hemostatic material {Lot. No. S806233, S807081 and S807091 (final ethanol concentration 0.4% to 1.0%)} of the present invention is the control hemostatic material {Lot. No. S801161 (ethanol final concentration). 3.0%), it was confirmed that the blood absorption time, blood absorption amount and hemostatic effect were superior.
Furthermore, the blood absorption time of the hemostatic material of the present invention is about 1.9 to 15 times better than the blood absorption time of the conventional hemostatic material (the hemostatic material described in JP-A-2008-220388). confirmed.
(止血材のひび割れの確認)
 下記表2に記載の本発明の止血材のひび割れ率を、従来の止血材のひび割れ率と比較した。
(Confirmation of cracks in hemostatic material)
The cracking rate of the hemostatic material of the present invention described in Table 2 below was compared with the cracking rate of the conventional hemostatic material.
 下記表2に示すように、本発明の止血材ではひび割れが起こらなかった(ひび割れ率0%)。一方、従来の止血材のひび割れ率は、66.7%であった。
 以上により、本発明の止血材は、ひび割れることなく均一な性質を有することを確認した。
As shown in Table 2 below, no cracking occurred in the hemostatic material of the present invention (cracking rate 0%). On the other hand, the cracking rate of the conventional hemostatic material was 66.7%.
From the above, it was confirmed that the hemostatic material of the present invention has a uniform property without cracking.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 本発明は、大量生産が容易に可能であり、かつγ線照射によっても必要な止血材の強度を維持し、かつひび割れをしない均質な性質を有し、さらに止血効果が向上した止血材である。 The present invention is a hemostatic material that can easily be mass-produced, maintains the necessary hemostatic material strength even by γ-irradiation, has a homogeneous property without cracking, and has an improved hemostatic effect. .

Claims (6)

  1.  以下の工程を含む非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチン塩を主成分とするスポンジ状止血材の製造方法;
    (1)脱アセチル化度が20~80%の非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンを懸濁させる工程、(2)グルコン酸又はアスパラギン酸を非晶質の部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基の1モルに対し0.2~1.0モルを上記(1)の懸濁液に添加する工程、
    (3)溶液重量の0.4~1.0%のエタノールを上記(2)の溶液に添加する工程、
    (4)上記(3)の溶液から得られるろ液を氷結させ、粉砕し、シャーベット状にしてシャーベット凍結氷を得る工程、
    (5)上記(4)のシャーベット凍結氷に凍結乾燥を行い、凍結乾燥処理品を得る工程、
    (6)上記(5)の凍結乾燥処理品に85~95℃で18~48時間の加熱処理を行い、加熱処理品を得る工程、
    (7)上記(6)の加熱処理品に加湿処理を行う工程。
    A method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material mainly comprising an amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt, comprising the following steps;
    (1) a step of suspending amorphous partially deacetylated chitin having a degree of deacetylation of 20 to 80%, (2) gluconic acid or aspartic acid is added to the amino group of amorphous partially deacetylated chitin Adding 0.2 to 1.0 mol to 1 mol of the above suspension (1),
    (3) adding ethanol of 0.4 to 1.0% of the solution weight to the solution of (2),
    (4) A step of freezing the filtrate obtained from the solution of (3) above, pulverizing it and making it into a sherbet to obtain frozen sherbet ice,
    (5) A step of freeze-drying the sherbet frozen ice of (4) to obtain a freeze-dried product,
    (6) A step of heating the lyophilized product of (5) above at 85 to 95 ° C. for 18 to 48 hours to obtain a heat-treated product,
    (7) A step of performing a humidification process on the heat-treated product of (6).
  2.  前記(7)の加湿処理工程の後に、γ線滅菌を行う工程を含む請求項1に記載のスポンジ状止血材の製造方法。 The method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material according to claim 1, further comprising a step of performing γ-ray sterilization after the humidifying step (7).
  3.  前記加湿処理が、止血材の水分量を約10~19%に調整することである請求項1又は2に記載のスポンジ状止血材の製造方法。 The method for producing a sponge-like hemostatic material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the humidification treatment is to adjust the water content of the hemostatic material to about 10 to 19%.
  4.  製造方法で使用する水として超純水を使用することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein ultrapure water is used as the water used in the production method.
  5.  請求項1~4のいずれか1に記載の製造方法で得られるスポンジ状止血材。 A sponge-like hemostatic material obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
  6.  破断強度が5.0N~200Nである請求項5に記載のスポンジ状止血材。 The sponge hemostatic material according to claim 5, having a breaking strength of 5.0N to 200N.
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