WO2011099058A1 - Air-conditioning device - Google Patents

Air-conditioning device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011099058A1
WO2011099058A1 PCT/JP2010/000817 JP2010000817W WO2011099058A1 WO 2011099058 A1 WO2011099058 A1 WO 2011099058A1 JP 2010000817 W JP2010000817 W JP 2010000817W WO 2011099058 A1 WO2011099058 A1 WO 2011099058A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat medium
heat
heat exchanger
air conditioner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2010/000817
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
森本裕之
山下浩司
鳩村傑
若本慎一
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2010/000817 priority Critical patent/WO2011099058A1/en
Priority to JP2011553616A priority patent/JPWO2011099058A1/en
Publication of WO2011099058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011099058A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to, for example, a building multi air conditioner.
  • an air conditioner such as a multi air conditioner for buildings
  • a refrigerant is circulated between an outdoor unit that is a heat source unit arranged outside a building and an indoor unit arranged inside a building.
  • the refrigerant coolant thermally radiated and absorbed heat, and air-conditioning object space was cooled or heated with the air heated and cooled.
  • a building multi-air conditioner a plurality of indoor units are connected, and there are many cases where a stopped indoor unit and an operating indoor unit are mixed.
  • the pipe connecting the outdoor unit and the indoor unit may be up to 100 m. The longer the pipe, the more refrigerant will be filled into the system.
  • Such an indoor unit of a multi-air conditioner for buildings is usually arranged and used in an indoor space where people are present (for example, an office space, a living room, a store, etc.).
  • an indoor space where people are present (for example, an office space, a living room, a store, etc.).
  • the refrigerant leaks from the indoor unit arranged in the indoor space for some reason, depending on the type of the refrigerant, it has flammability and toxicity, which is a big problem from the viewpoint of human influence and safety.
  • coolant which is not harmful to a human body
  • coolant leak and it is assumed that it has a bad influence on a human body.
  • a technique is disclosed in which the system is stopped when refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration cycle (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • JP 2000-320936 A (for example, page 5)
  • HFC refrigerants having a high global warming potential for example, R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a, etc.
  • refrigerants having a low global warming potential for example, an air conditioner using carbon dioxide or the like has been proposed. Even when carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant in a building multi-air conditioner, since a large amount of refrigerant is required, measures must be taken when the refrigerant leaks into the indoor space.
  • Table 1 shows the limit concentrations when the conventional refrigerant (R410A) and the carbon dioxide refrigerant leak. Below the limit concentration [kg / m 3 ] in Table 1, it is shown that the human body is not adversely affected, and the value of ISO 5149 is used as this value. As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen that the limit concentration of the carbon dioxide refrigerant is significantly smaller than the limit concentration of the conventional refrigerant. That is, the carbon dioxide refrigerant means that a slight refrigerant leakage causes a bad influence on the human body with respect to the refrigerant leakage as compared with the conventional refrigerant.
  • Patent Document 1 uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and stops the system when a carbon dioxide refrigerant leak occurs like a conventional refrigerant leak. No measures are taken against leaks. In other words, when carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, it is necessary to take some measures to reduce refrigerant leakage on the premise that the human body is not adversely affected.
  • the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides an air conditioner that can reduce the load on the environment while ensuring safety.
  • An air conditioner includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger in an outdoor unit, and includes at least an expansion device and a use side heat exchanger in the indoor unit, the compressor, the heat source side An air conditioner in which a heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the use-side heat exchanger are connected by piping, and a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant that transitions to a supercritical state or a refrigerant that has flammability circulates is formed, A concentration detection device that detects the concentration of refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit, provided inside the indoor unit or in the installation space of the indoor unit, and a predetermined distance from the outside of the indoor unit and from the entrance / exit of the indoor unit And a shut-off device that shuts off the circulation of the heat-source-side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detection device.
  • An air conditioner includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger in an outdoor unit, and includes at least a heat exchanger related to heat medium, a throttling device, and a pump in a heat medium converter, and uses at least A side heat exchanger is provided in the indoor unit, and the compressor, the heat source side heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the refrigerant side flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium are piped in series to be in a supercritical state.
  • a refrigerant circulation circuit in which a transition refrigerant or a flammable refrigerant circulates, and a heat medium side flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium, the pump, and the use side heat exchanger are connected in series by piping.
  • a heat medium circulation circuit in which a medium circulates wherein the air conditioner is provided in the heat medium converter or in an installation space of the heat medium converter, and the refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit
  • Concentration detection device that detects the concentration and the previous
  • a shut-off device that is provided outside the heat medium converter and within a predetermined distance from the inlet / outlet of the heat medium converter, and shuts off the circulation of the heat source side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detector. It is what you are doing.
  • the air conditioner of the present invention it is possible to detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit, not only greatly improving safety but also reducing environmental load.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the detailed circuit structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 is demonstrated.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which four indoor units 300 are connected.
  • the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
  • an air conditioner 100 is configured by connecting an outdoor unit (heat source unit) 200 and an indoor unit 300 (indoor units 300a to 300d) by pipes 400 (pipe 400a, pipe 400b).
  • pipes 400 pipe 400a, pipe 400b.
  • the pipe 400 is a refrigerant pipe that conducts the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant).
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • a flammable refrigerant for example, R32, propane, HFO1234yf, etc.
  • the refrigerant is not limited to carbon dioxide, and another single refrigerant or a mixed refrigerant (for example, a mixed refrigerant of carbon dioxide and diethyl ether) that transitions to a supercritical state may be used as the refrigerant.
  • a mixed refrigerant for example, a mixed refrigerant of carbon dioxide and diethyl ether
  • Outdoor unit 200 In the outdoor unit 200, a compressor 201, an oil separator 202, a flow path switching device 203 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 204, and an accumulator 205 are connected in series by a pipe 400. It is installed. The oil separator 202 and the suction side of the compressor 201 are connected by an oil return capillary 206.
  • the compressor 201 sucks the refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant to be brought into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and conveys the refrigerant to the refrigerant circuit.
  • the compressor 201 may be composed of an inverter compressor capable of controlling capacity.
  • the oil separator 202 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 201 and separates the refrigerant and the refrigeration oil.
  • the flow path switching device 203 is provided on the downstream side of the oil separator 202, and switches between the refrigerant flow in the heating operation mode and the refrigerant flow in the cooling operation mode.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger (outdoor heat exchanger) 204 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a radiator (gas cooler) during cooling operation, and is supplied with air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown). Heat exchange is performed with the refrigerant.
  • the accumulator 205 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, and surplus refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation mode and the cooling operation mode, a transitional operation change (for example, a change in the number of indoor units 300 operated). The excess refrigerant is stored.
  • the oil return capillary 206 returns the refrigeration oil captured by the oil separator 202 to the low pressure side of the compressor 201.
  • the indoor unit 300 is mounted with a throttle device 302 and a use side heat exchanger (indoor side heat exchanger) 301 connected in series.
  • the use-side heat exchanger 301 functions as a radiator during heating operation, functions as an evaporator during cooling operation, and performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the refrigerant, and air conditioning. Heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the target space is generated.
  • the expansion device 302 has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, expands the refrigerant by depressurizing it, and may be constituted by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
  • Embodiment 1 a case where four indoor units 300 are connected is shown as an example, and is illustrated as an indoor unit 300a, an indoor unit 300b, an indoor unit 300c, and an indoor unit 300d from the lower side of the drawing. Further, in accordance with the indoor units 300a to 300d, the use side heat exchanger 301 also uses the use side heat exchanger 301a, the use side heat exchanger 301b, the use side heat exchanger 301c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 301d.
  • the diaphragm device 302 is also illustrated as a diaphragm device 302a, a diaphragm device 302b, a diaphragm device 302c, and a diaphragm device 302d from the bottom of the drawing.
  • the number of connected indoor units 300 is not limited to four.
  • the air conditioner 100 also includes a first shut-off device 303 on the pipe 400a outside the outdoor unit 200 and the indoor unit 300, and a second shut-off device 304 on the pipe 400b outside the outdoor unit 200 and the indoor unit 300, respectively. is set up.
  • the 1st cutoff device 303 is comprised by the two-way valve etc., and opens and closes the piping 400a.
  • the 2nd cutoff device 304 is comprised by the two-way valve etc., and opens and closes the piping 400b.
  • the first blocking device 303 is illustrated as a first blocking device 303a, a first blocking device 303b, a first blocking device 303c, and a first blocking device 303d from the lower side of the page.
  • the second blocking device 304 is also illustrated as a first blocking device 304a, a first blocking device 304b, a first blocking device 304c, and a first blocking device 304d from the lower side of the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling operation mode.
  • FIG. 2 the case where all the indoor units 300 are driven will be described as an example.
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by arrows.
  • a low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 201 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 201 flows into the oil separator 202.
  • the oil separator 202 the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil mixed in the refrigerant are separated.
  • the separated refrigeration oil is returned to the low pressure side of the compressor 201 through the oil return capillary 206 and finally returned to the compressor 201.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant separated in the oil separator 202 passes through the flow path switching device 203 and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 204.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 204 radiates heat to the air by exchanging heat with air supplied from a blower (not shown). Since carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 204 flows out of the heat source-side heat exchanger 204 in a supercritical state in a lowered temperature state. To do.
  • the low-temperature / high-pressure supercritical refrigerant flows out of the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a. Then, it passes through the first shut-off device 303a to the first shut-off device 303d and flows into each of the indoor units 300a to 300d.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d is expanded (depressurized) by each of the expansion devices 302a to 302d to be in a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state.
  • This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d absorbs heat from the air by exchanging heat with air (indoor air) supplied from a blower (not shown). Then, it becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant and flows out from the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d.
  • temperature sensors (a temperature sensor 306 and a temperature sensor 307 shown in FIG. 4) are provided at the refrigerant inlet / outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301.
  • the refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted using temperature information from a temperature sensor provided at the refrigerant inlet / outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301.
  • the degree of superheat (refrigerant temperature at the outlet side ⁇ refrigerant temperature at the inlet) is calculated from information from these temperature sensors, and the expansion device 302 is opened so that the degree of superheat is about 2 to 5 ° C.
  • the refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted.
  • the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d flows out of the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d, passes through the second shut-off device 304a to the second shut-off device 304d, and then the pipe 400b. And flows into the outdoor unit 200.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 200 flows into the accumulator 205 through the flow path switching device 203.
  • the refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is separated from the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant, and the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 201 again.
  • FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating operation mode.
  • FIG. 3 the case where all the indoor units 300 are driven will be described as an example.
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by arrows.
  • a low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 201 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 201 flows into the oil separator 202.
  • the oil separator 202 In the oil separator 202, the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil mixed in the refrigerant are separated.
  • the separated refrigeration oil is returned to the low pressure side of the compressor 201 through the oil return capillary 206 and finally returned to the compressor 201.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant separated in the oil separator 202 flows out from the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400b via the flow path switching device 203.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor unit 200 passes through the second blocking device 304a to the second blocking device 304d and flows into each of the indoor units 300a to 300d.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the indoor units 300a to 300d exchanges heat with air (indoor air) supplied from a blower (not shown) in the use side heat exchangers 301a to 301d.
  • air indoor air
  • a blower not shown
  • heat is radiated to the air, and in a supercritical state, the temperature is lowered and flows out from the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d.
  • This low-temperature / high-pressure supercritical refrigerant is expanded (depressurized) in each of the expansion devices 302a to 302d to enter a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state, and flows out of the indoor units 300a to 300d. To do.
  • a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are usually provided at the refrigerant outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301.
  • the refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted using information from a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor provided at the refrigerant outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301. Specifically, the degree of supercooling (saturation temperature converted from the detected pressure of refrigerant on the outlet side-refrigerant temperature on the outlet side) is calculated from information from these sensors, and the degree of supercooling is about 2 to 5 ° C.
  • the opening degree of the expansion device 302 is determined, and the refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d flows into the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a via the first cutoff device 303a to the first cutoff device 303d.
  • This refrigerant flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 204.
  • the low-temperature / constant-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 204 absorbs heat from the air by exchanging heat with air supplied from a blower (not shown), and the degree of dryness gradually increases. Become.
  • FIG. 1 The refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 204 flows into the accumulator 205 through the flow path switching device 203.
  • the refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is separated from the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant, and the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 201 again.
  • surplus refrigerant is always present in the accumulator 205.
  • the liquid refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is evaporated and sucked into the compressor 201, or sucked into the compressor 201 through an oil return hole (not shown) provided in the outlet pipe of the accumulator 205. .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the circuit of the air conditioner 100 in an enlarged manner. Based on FIG. 4, the characteristic matter of the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 will be described.
  • the indoor unit 300 is provided with the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301.
  • the indoor unit 300 includes a temperature sensor 306, a temperature sensor 307, a pressure sensor 308, and a concentration detection device 305.
  • a first shut-off device 303 is provided on the pipe 400a outside the indoor unit 300, and a second shut-off device 304 is provided on the pipe 400b. That is, the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are provided on the entrance / exit side of the indoor unit 300.
  • the temperature sensor 306 is provided between the first shut-off device 303 and the use side heat exchanger 301 and detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through this portion.
  • the temperature sensor 307 is provided between the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301, and detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through this portion.
  • the pressure sensor 308 is provided at the same position as the temperature sensor 307 and detects the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through this portion.
  • the concentration detection device 305 detects the concentration of the refrigerant (carbon dioxide in the first embodiment), and particularly detects the concentration of the refrigerant in a space where a person exists.
  • the concentration detection device 305 is provided in the vicinity of the use-side heat exchanger 301 inside the indoor unit 300, but the installation position is not limited to this position.
  • the concentration detection device 305 may be provided in a space where the indoor unit 300 is installed without being installed in the indoor unit 300. That is, since the installation purpose of the concentration detection device 305 is to detect the refrigerant concentration in a space where a person exists, the concentration detection device 305 may be installed in any place in the space where the indoor unit 300 is installed. Further, for example, the concentration detection device 305 may be incorporated in a remote controller (not shown).
  • the first shut-off device 303 is provided on the pipe 400 a side of the use side heat exchanger 301
  • the second shut-off device 304 is provided on the pipe 400 b side of the use side heat exchanger 301.
  • the case where the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301 are provided between 303 and the second shut-off device 304 is shown as an example.
  • the 1st cutoff device 303 and the 2nd cutoff device 304 are an open state at the time of electricity supply, and a non-energized state is a closed state.
  • the concentration detection device 305 has a built-in switch structure in which the switch is turned on when the concentration is lower than the predetermined concentration, and the switch is turned off when the concentration is higher than the predetermined concentration.
  • This predetermined concentration is the leakage limit concentration of the refrigerant used.
  • carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant
  • the leakage limit concentration is 0.07 [kg / m 3 ] (see Table 1). Therefore, this concentration is set to a predetermined concentration, and the switch built in the concentration detection device 305 is turned ON / OFF. It is supposed to be. Needless to say, the concentration detection device 305 may not have a built-in switch structure, and the switch (contact point) may be a separate component.
  • the air conditioner 100 takes into consideration a variation in the concentration detection device 305, a concentration distribution in the indoor space, etc., and a value lower than the leakage limit concentration (for example, 1 / of the leakage limit concentration). 10 density) may be determined as the predetermined density. That is, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, it is also possible to set the switch to be turned ON / OFF by setting 0.007 [kg / m 3 ] as a threshold value (predetermined concentration). Specifically, the switch ON is less than 0.007 [kg / m 3], a state of the switch OFF is 0.007 [kg / m 3] or more.
  • the electrical parts of the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are not driven by alternating current but are driven by direct current. This is because the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are open during the normal operation of the air conditioner 100, but the first shut-off device 303 and second sec- This is because an electric part of direct current drive instead of alternating current drive is adopted for the interrupting device 304. Specifically, the valves of the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are opened and closed by a stepping motor.
  • the 2nd cutoff device 304 is installed in the low voltage
  • cooling operation), it is necessary to make a CV value large, and about 5HP, it is about CV 5 (5 or more).
  • the minimum operating pressure difference between the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 must be a sufficiently small value of about 0 [kPa].
  • the air conditioner 100 is a heat pump type air conditioner that can switch between cooling and heating. Therefore, since the flow is reversed between the refrigerant and the heating, the first shutoff device 303 is capable of bidirectional flow. And used in the second shut-off device 304. Further, the concentration detection device 305 is assumed to be safe when power is lost or when power is not supplied to the concentration detection device 305 from a commercial power source.
  • Embodiment 1 since carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, it is necessary to reduce the amount of leakage from the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304, and 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 [m 3 / sec It is necessary to make it about. This is an amount that assumes a case where carbon dioxide continues to leak into the smallest room where the indoor unit 300 is supposed to be installed for several years.
  • the control device determines that refrigerant leakage has occurred from the refrigerant circuit, and the concentration detection device The switch 305 is turned off to stop energization of the first cutoff device 303 and the second cutoff device 304.
  • the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are closed, and the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a and the pipe 400b can be shut off, and the refrigerant leaks into the room. Can be prevented.
  • the first cutoff device 303 and the second cutoff device 304 are attached to the indoor unit 300 at a position L [m].
  • the leakage limit concentration must be suppressed to less than 0.07 [kg / m 3 ].
  • the limit leakage concentration depends on the amount of refrigerant present in the indoor unit 300, the amount of refrigerant present in the pipe 400 connected to the indoor unit 300, and the indoor space V [m 3 ] in which the indoor unit 300 is installed. become. That is, the length L [m] must satisfy the following formula (1).
  • Table 2 shows the volume of the indoor unit of 2.5 HP, the volume of the indoor unit connection pipe (gas pipe, liquid pipe), and the volume of the installed room.
  • the average refrigerant density 471 [kg / m 3 ] was used as the average refrigerant density.
  • This value is an average density when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as a radiator (gas cooler) and the use side heat exchanger 301 has an inlet refrigerant temperature of 70 ° C. and an outlet temperature of 35 ° C. .
  • the amount of refrigerant (average refrigerant density) in the use side heat exchanger 301 increases when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as a radiator rather than when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as an evaporator. Therefore, here, a case where the design is made based on the refrigerant amount (average refrigerant density) obtained by the use-side heat exchanger 301 acting as a radiator is described as an example.
  • the air conditioner 100 employing the configuration as described above can detect a refrigerant leak from the refrigerant circuit, and greatly improves safety. Moreover, since the air conditioning apparatus 100 uses what changed to a supercritical state for a refrigerant
  • the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 may be provided at the position L [m] obtained from the following formula (3).
  • h is determined at the position where the indoor unit 300 is installed (see below). For example, h in the case of flooring is 0.6 [m], h in the case of a window is 1.0 [m], h in the case of wall hanging is 1.8 [m], and h in the case of ceiling is 2 .2 [m].
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 5, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated.
  • This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. It can be freely selected.
  • refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. It can be freely selected.
  • refrigerant circulation circuit A heat medium circulation circuit B
  • refrigerant heat source side refrigerant, heat medium
  • the air conditioning apparatus 100 In the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, a system that uses the refrigerant as it is (direct expansion system) is adopted. However, in the air conditioning apparatus according to the second embodiment, the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant) is indirectly used. The method used for the system (indirect method) is adopted. That is, the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 transmits cold heat or heat stored in the heat source side refrigerant to a refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as a heat medium) different from the heat source side refrigerant, and The space to be air-conditioned is cooled or heated with heat.
  • a heat medium refrigerant
  • the air-conditioning apparatus includes one outdoor unit 1 that is a heat source unit, a plurality of indoor units 2, and heat that is interposed between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2. And a medium converter 3.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium.
  • the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a pipe (heat medium pipe) 5 that conducts the heat medium.
  • the cold or warm heat generated by the outdoor unit 1 is delivered to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3.
  • a first blocking device 37 and a second blocking device 38 are provided between the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the outdoor unit 1 is usually disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space (for example, a rooftop) outside a building 9 such as a building, and supplies cold or hot energy to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3. It is.
  • the indoor unit 2 is arranged at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is the air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 is configured as a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 and is configured to be installed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the indoor space 7. Is connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5, respectively, and transmits cold heat or hot heat supplied from the outdoor unit 1 to the indoor unit 2.
  • the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium converter 3 use two refrigerant pipes 4, and the heat medium converter 3 and each indoor unit 2. Are connected using two pipes 5 respectively.
  • each unit (outdoor unit 1, indoor unit 2, and heat medium converter 3) is connected using two pipes (refrigerant pipe 4, pipe 5). Therefore, construction is easy.
  • the heat medium converter 3 is located inside the building 9, but is a space such as a ceiling behind the interior space 7 (for example, a space such as a ceiling behind the building 9, hereinafter, An example of a state where it is installed in the space 8) is shown.
  • the heat medium relay 3 can also be installed in a common space where there is an elevator or the like.
  • 5 shows an example in which the indoor unit 2 is a ceiling cassette type.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the indoor unit 2 is not directly limited to the indoor space 7 such as a ceiling embedded type or a ceiling suspended type. Any type of air can be used as long as heating air or cooling air can be blown out by a duct or the like.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the exhaust heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed, or may be installed inside the building 9 when the water-cooled outdoor unit 1 is used. Even if the outdoor unit 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem occurs.
  • the heat medium converter 3 can also be installed in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 1. However, it should be noted that if the distance from the heat medium relay unit 3 to the indoor unit 2 is too long, the power for transporting the heat medium becomes considerably large, and the energy saving effect is diminished. Furthermore, the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 2 and heat medium converters 3 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 5, but in building 9 where the air conditioner according to Embodiment 2 is installed. The number of units may be determined accordingly.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an air-conditioning apparatus 101) according to Embodiment 2. Based on FIG. 6, the detailed structure of the air conditioning apparatus 101 is demonstrated.
  • the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay 3 are connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b provided in the heat medium converter 3. Connected with.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected by the pipe 5 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
  • the refrigerant pipe 4 will be described in detail later.
  • Outdoor unit 1 In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
  • a compressor 10 In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
  • the compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant and compresses the heat source side refrigerant to be in a high temperature / high pressure state, and may be configured by, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
  • the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 has a flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the heating operation mode (in the heating only operation mode and the heating main operation mode) and in the cooling operation mode (in the all cooling operation mode and the cooling main operation mode). ) To switch the flow of the heat source side refrigerant.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a radiator (gas cooler) during cooling operation, and between the air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant. Heat exchange is performed.
  • the accumulator 19 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, and surplus refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation mode and the cooling operation mode, a change in the transient operation (for example, a change in the number of indoor units 2 operated). The excess refrigerant is stored.
  • Each indoor unit 2 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26.
  • the use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the heat medium flow control device 25 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 of the heat medium converter 3 by the pipe 5.
  • the use-side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. To do.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example in which four indoor units 2 are connected to the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 26d.
  • the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to the four shown in FIG.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 includes two heat medium heat exchangers 15, two expansion devices 16, one switching device 17, four second refrigerant flow switching devices 18, and two pumps 21.
  • Four first heat medium flow switching devices 22, four second heat medium flow switching devices 23, four heat medium flow control devices 25, and a concentration detection device 39 are mounted.
  • a first shut-off device 37 and a second shut-off device 38 are installed in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat medium relay unit 3 and the outdoor unit 1.
  • the two heat exchangers between heat mediums 15 function as a condenser (heat radiator) or an evaporator, and heat is generated by the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium. Exchange is performed, and the cold or warm heat generated in the outdoor unit 1 and stored in the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium.
  • the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is provided between the expansion device 16a, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) in the refrigerant circuit A, It serves for cooling of the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode.
  • the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is provided between the expansion device 16b in the refrigerant circuit A, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2). It is used for heating of the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode.
  • the two expansion devices 16 have functions as pressure reducing valves and expansion valves, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
  • the expansion device 16a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
  • the expansion device 16b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
  • the two expansion devices 16 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
  • the opening / closing device 17 (third refrigerant flow switching device) is composed of a two-way valve or the like, and opens and closes the refrigerant pipe 4.
  • the opening / closing device 17 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the first shut-off device 37 and the expansion device 16a.
  • second refrigerant flow switching devices 18 (second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2), second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), second refrigerant
  • the flow path switching device 18b (2)) is configured by a two-way valve or the like, and switches the flow of the heat source side refrigerant according to the operation mode.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2)) is configured such that the heat source side refrigerant flows during the cooling only operation mode. It is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 15a.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2)) is configured so that the heat source side refrigerant flows during the cooling only operation mode. It is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 15b.
  • the two pumps 21 (pump 21a and pump 21b) circulate a heat medium that conducts through the pipe 5.
  • the pump 21 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
  • the pump 21 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
  • the two pumps 21 may be constituted by, for example, pumps capable of capacity control.
  • the pump 21a may be provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22.
  • the pump 21b may be provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22.
  • the four first heat medium flow switching devices 22 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the heat medium flow channels. Is.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 is provided in a number (here, four) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed. In the first heat medium flow switching device 22, one of the three sides is in the heat exchanger 15a, one of the three is in the heat exchanger 15b, and one of the three is in the heat medium flow rate. Each is connected to the adjusting device 25 and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
  • the four second heat medium flow switching devices 23 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the flow path of the heat medium. Is.
  • the number of the second heat medium flow switching devices 23 is set according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (here, four).
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the exchanger 26 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
  • the four heat medium flow control devices 25 are composed of two-way valves or the like that can control the opening area, and adjust the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the pipe 5. To do.
  • the number of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (four in this case).
  • One of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 and the other is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 22, and is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium flow channel of the use side heat exchanger 26. Is provided.
  • the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 a, the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 b, the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 c, and the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing. Further, the heat medium flow control device 25 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
  • the heat medium converter 3 includes various detection means (two first temperature sensors 31, four second temperature sensors 34, four third temperature sensors 35, a pressure sensor 36, and a concentration detection device 39). Is provided. Information (for example, temperature information, pressure information, and heat source side refrigerant concentration information) detected by these detection means is sent to a control device (not shown) that performs overall control of the operation of the air conditioner 101, and the compressor 10 Drive frequency, heat source side heat exchanger 12 and utilization side heat exchanger 26 provided near the rotation speed of the blower (not shown), switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, pump 21 drive frequency, second refrigerant flow It is used for control of switching of the path switching device 18, opening and closing of the first blocking device 37, opening and closing of the second blocking device 38, switching of the flow path of the heat medium, and the like.
  • the two first temperature sensors 31 are the heat medium flowing out from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15.
  • a thermistor may be used.
  • the first temperature sensor 31a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21a.
  • the first temperature sensor 31b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21b.
  • the four second temperature sensors 34 are provided between the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the heat medium flow control device 25, and use side heat exchangers.
  • the temperature of the heat medium that has flowed out of the heater 26 is detected, and it may be constituted by a thermistor or the like.
  • the number of the second temperature sensors 34 (four here) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the second temperature sensor 34a, the second temperature sensor 34b, the second temperature sensor 34c, and the second temperature sensor 34d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
  • the four third temperature sensors 35 are provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15
  • the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the heat source or the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is detected, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like.
  • the third temperature sensor 35a is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a.
  • the third temperature sensor 35b is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the expansion device 16a.
  • the third temperature sensor 35c is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
  • the third temperature sensor 35d is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b.
  • the pressure sensor 36 is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b.
  • the pressure of the flowing heat source side refrigerant is detected.
  • the concentration detection device 39 detects the concentration of the refrigerant inside the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the control device (not shown) is constituted by a microcomputer or the like, and based on detection information from various detection means and instructions from the remote controller, the driving frequency of the compressor 10 and the rotational speed of the blower (including ON / OFF) , Switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, driving of the pump 21, opening of the expansion device 16, opening and closing of the first blocking device 37, opening and closing of the second blocking device 38, opening and closing of the switching device 17, and second refrigerant flow The switching of the path switching device 18, the switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 23, the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 25, and the like are controlled. The operation mode is executed.
  • the control device may be provided for each unit, or may be provided in the outdoor unit 1 or the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium is composed of one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
  • the pipe 5 is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 2 connected to the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the pipe 5 is connected by a first heat medium flow switching device 22 and a second heat medium flow switching device 23.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 By controlling the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, the heat medium from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, or the heat medium Whether the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows into the use side heat exchanger 26 is determined.
  • a refrigerant circuit A is configured by connecting the refrigerant flow path of the heat exchanger 15 a, the expansion device 16, the second shut-off device 38, and the accumulator 19 through the refrigerant pipe 4. Further, the heat medium flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, the pump 21, the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the heat medium flow control device 25, the use side heat exchanger 26, and the second heat medium flow path.
  • the switching device 23 is connected by a pipe 5 to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit B. That is, a plurality of usage-side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each of the heat exchangers between heat media 15, and the heat medium circulation circuit B has a plurality of systems.
  • the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b provided in the heat medium converter 3.
  • the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. That is, in the air conditioner 101, the heat source side refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B exchange heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the intermediate heat exchanger 15b. It is like that.
  • a first shut-off device 37 and a second shut-off device 38 are installed in the refrigerant pipe 4 outside the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3. That is, the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are provided on the entrance / exit side of the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are configured by a two-way valve or the like, and open and close the refrigerant pipe 4.
  • the air conditioner 101 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 2 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 2. That is, the air conditioning apparatus 101 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 2 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 2.
  • the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 101 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a heating operation.
  • each operation mode is demonstrated with the flow of a heat-source side refrigerant
  • FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the cooling only operation mode.
  • the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flows.
  • the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows
  • the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
  • the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
  • the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
  • the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. And it becomes a high voltage
  • the high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the outdoor unit 1 and flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first shut-off device 37.
  • the high-pressure refrigerant flowing into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched after passing through the opening / closing device 17 and is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
  • the opening / closing device 17 is open.
  • This two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit B. It becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling.
  • the gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1). It flows out from the converter 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the second blocking device 38 and the refrigerant pipe 4.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) are opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b ( 2) is closed. Since both the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are closed, the bypass pipe 4d (between the first blocking device 37 and the opening / closing device 17) The second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are connected, and the refrigerant passing through the refrigerant pipe 4) that enables bypassing the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is connected. There is no flow. However, one end of the bypass pipe 4d is in a high pressure state, and the bypass pipe 4d is filled with a high-pressure heat source side refrigerant.
  • the opening degree of the expansion device 16a is controlled so that the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant. Is done.
  • the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35c and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant.
  • the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
  • the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the cooled heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b.
  • the inside will be allowed to flow.
  • the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
  • the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
  • the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
  • the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25.
  • the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. By controlling so as to keep the difference between the two as a target value, it can be covered.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
  • the intermediate opening is set.
  • FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the heating only operation mode.
  • the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flows.
  • the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
  • the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3.
  • the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
  • the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), and heat between the heat media. It flows into each of the exchanger 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is a high-pressure gas whose temperature has dropped in a supercritical state while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B. Becomes a refrigerant.
  • the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
  • the two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat medium relay unit 3 through the opening / closing device 17, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first shut-off device 37.
  • the opening / closing device 17 is open.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator. And the refrigerant
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) are opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b ( 2) is closed. Since both the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are closed, there is no refrigerant flow through the bypass pipe 4d. However, one end of the bypass pipe 4d is a low-pressure two-phase pipe, and the bypass pipe 4d is filled with a low-pressure refrigerant.
  • the expansion device 16a has a constant subcool (degree of subcooling) obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b.
  • the opening degree is controlled.
  • the expansion device 16b has an opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. Be controlled.
  • the temperature at the intermediate position of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 can be measured, the temperature at the intermediate position may be used instead of the pressure sensor 36, and the system can be configured at low cost.
  • the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger 15a and the heat exchanger 15b, and the heated heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b.
  • the inside will be allowed to flow.
  • the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
  • the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
  • the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
  • the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25.
  • the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. By controlling so as to keep the difference between the two as a target value, it can be covered.
  • the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 either the temperature of the first temperature sensor 31a or the first temperature sensor 31b may be used, or the average temperature thereof may be used.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
  • the intermediate opening is set.
  • the usage-side heat exchanger 26a should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 26 is detected by the first temperature sensor 31b. By using the first temperature sensor 31b, the number of temperature sensors can be reduced and the system can be configured at low cost.
  • FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the cooling main operation mode.
  • the cooling main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates.
  • the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows
  • the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
  • the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
  • the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
  • the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use side heat exchanger 26a, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. And it becomes the refrigerant
  • the refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the outdoor unit 1 and flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first blocking device 37.
  • the refrigerant flowing into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as a condenser (gas cooler) through the bypass pipe 4d and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2).
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b becomes a refrigerant whose temperature is further lowered while radiating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
  • This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a.
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium.
  • This gas refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), passes through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38. Then flows into the outdoor unit 1 again.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) is opened, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is closed, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) is closed, and the second refrigerant flow switching.
  • the switching device 18b (2) is open. Since the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is closed and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) is opened, the high-pressure refrigerant flows inside the bypass pipe 4d, and the bypass pipe 4d. Is filled with high-pressure heat-source-side refrigerant.
  • the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant. Further, the expansion device 16a is fully opened, and the opening / closing device 17 is closed. The expansion device 16b controls the opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. May be. Alternatively, the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the superheat or subcool may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
  • the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b.
  • the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a.
  • the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
  • the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
  • the indoor space 7 is cooled by the heat medium absorbing heat from the indoor air.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21a.
  • the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
  • the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
  • the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a as a target value.
  • FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the heating main operation mode.
  • the heating main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the piping represented with the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant
  • coolant a heat source side refrigerant
  • the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
  • the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3.
  • the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
  • the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26a.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that acts as a condenser (gas cooler) through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1).
  • the gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b becomes a refrigerant whose temperature is lowered in a supercritical state while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B.
  • the refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
  • This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a.
  • the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, thereby cooling the heat medium.
  • This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the bypass pipe 4d, and flows into the refrigerant pipe 4, It flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the 1 blocking device 37.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator. And the refrigerant
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) is closed, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is opened, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) is opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching The switching device 18b (2) is closed. Since the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is open and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) is closed, the low-pressure two-layer refrigerant flows inside the bypass pipe 4d.
  • the pipe 4d is filled with a low-pressure heat source side refrigerant.
  • the opening of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b is constant. Is done. Further, the expansion device 16a is fully opened, and the opening / closing device 17 is closed. Note that the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the subcooling may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
  • the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b.
  • the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a.
  • the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
  • the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air, thereby cooling the indoor space 7. Moreover, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again.
  • the heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21b.
  • the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
  • the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
  • the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a as a target value.
  • the configurations and operations of the first blocking device 37, the second blocking device 38, and the concentration detecting device 39 are the same as the first blocking device 303, the second blocking device 304, and the concentration of the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is the same as the detection device 305.
  • the basic specifications of the air conditioning apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment such as the electric drive system, the minimum operating pressure difference, and the leakage amount, are the same as those of the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the concentration detection device 39 is further improved in safety by using a battery that can be operated by a battery, assuming that power is not supplied from the commercial power source to the concentration detection device 39 during a power failure.
  • the concentration detector 39 installed in the heat medium relay 3 detects carbon dioxide with a predetermined concentration of 0.007 [kg / m 3 ], it is determined that refrigerant leakage has occurred from the heat medium relay 3, and the concentration
  • the switch of the detection device 39 is turned off, and the energization to the first cutoff device 37 and the second cutoff device 38 is stopped.
  • the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are closed, and the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor unit 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4 can be shut off, thereby preventing the refrigerant from leaking into the room. be able to.
  • the position L [m] to which the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are attached is the volume of the heat medium converter 3 and the refrigerant pipe 4 connected to the heat medium converter 3. Determined from the volume.
  • the attachment position L [m] of the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 in the indirect method can be obtained from the following formula 2.
  • the concentration detection device 39 is provided inside the heat medium relay unit 3 as an example, but the installation position is not limited to this position.
  • the concentration detector 39 may be provided in a space where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed without being installed in the heat medium relay unit 3. That is, since the installation purpose of the concentration detection device 39 is to detect the refrigerant concentration in the space where a person exists, it may be installed in any place in the space where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed. is there. Further, for example, the concentration detection device 39 may be incorporated in a remote controller (not shown).
  • the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 may be provided at the position of L [m] obtained from the following formula (4).
  • h is determined at the position where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed (see below). For example, h in the case of flooring is 0.6 [m], h in the case of a window is 1.0 [m], h in the case of wall hanging is 1.8 [m], and h in the case of ceiling is 2 .2 [m].
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 101 has several operation modes. In these operation modes, the heat source side refrigerant flows through the refrigerant pipe 4 that connects the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3.
  • a heat medium such as water or antifreeze flows through the pipe 5 connecting the heat medium converter 3 and the indoor unit 2.
  • Heat source side refrigerant The case where carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which has a relatively low global warming potential, is used as the heat source-side refrigerant.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • other single refrigerants or mixed refrigerants that transition to a supercritical state have been described. May be used as the heat source side refrigerant.
  • a mixture of carbon dioxide and diethyl ether can be used as the heat source side refrigerant.
  • Heat medium for example, brine (antifreeze), water, a mixed solution of brine and water, a mixed solution of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 101, even if the heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 2, it contributes to the improvement of safety because a highly safe heat medium is used. Become.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 101 employing the configuration as described above can detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit (refrigerant circulation circuit A), and greatly improves safety. Moreover, since the air conditioning apparatus 101 uses what changes to a supercritical state for a refrigerant
  • the pressure in the bypass pipe 4d varies depending on the switching state of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, and is filled with either the high-pressure refrigerant or the low-pressure refrigerant. It is.
  • the air conditioner 101 is configured so that the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is always on the heating side and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is on the cooling side in both the cooling main operation mode and the heating main operation mode. is doing.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device corresponding to the use side heat exchanger 26 performing the heating operation. 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 are switched to flow paths connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b for heating, and the first heat medium corresponding to the use side heat exchanger 26 performing the cooling operation
  • the flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 By switching the flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 to a flow path connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a for cooling, in each indoor unit 2, heating operation and cooling operation are performed. It can be done freely.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 described in the second embodiment can switch a three-way flow such as a three-way valve, or a two-way flow such as an on-off valve. What is necessary is just to switch a flow path, such as combining two things which perform opening and closing of.
  • the first heat medium can be obtained by combining two things such as a stepping motor drive type mixing valve that can change the flow rate of the three-way flow path and two things that can change the flow rate of the two-way flow path such as an electronic expansion valve.
  • the flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 may be used. In this case, it is possible to prevent water hammer due to sudden opening and closing of the flow path.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25 is a two-way valve
  • a bypass pipe that bypasses the use-side heat exchanger 26 as a control valve having a three-way flow path. You may make it install.
  • the heat medium flow control device 25 may be a stepping motor driven type that can control the flow rate flowing through the flow path, and may be a two-way valve or a one-way valve with one end closed. Further, as the heat medium flow control device 25, a device that opens and closes a two-way flow path such as an open / close valve may be used, and the average flow rate may be controlled by repeating ON / OFF.
  • the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 is shown as if it is a two-way flow switching valve. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of three-way flow switching valves are used and the refrigerant flows in the same manner. You may comprise as follows. Further, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 may be configured using a four-way valve.
  • the air-conditioning apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 has been described as being capable of mixed cooling and heating operation, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 are provided with a blower, and in many cases, condensation or evaporation is promoted by blowing air, but this is not restrictive.
  • the use side heat exchanger 26 may be a panel heater using radiation, and the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is of a water-cooled type that moves heat by water or antifreeze. Can also be used. That is, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 can be used regardless of the type as long as they have a structure capable of radiating heat or absorbing heat.
  • Embodiment 2 the case where there are four usage-side heat exchangers 26 has been described as an example, but the number is not particularly limited. Moreover, although the case where the number of heat exchangers between heat mediums 15a and the heat exchangers between heat mediums 15b is two has been described as an example, naturally the present invention is not limited to this, and the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. If it comprises, you may install how many. Furthermore, the number of pumps 21a and 21b is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be connected in parallel.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the heat medium flow control device 25 are connected to each use side heat exchanger 26 one by one.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of each of the use side heat exchangers 26 may be connected.
  • the first heat medium flow switching device, the second heat medium flow switching device, and the heat medium flow control device connected to the same use side heat exchanger 26 may be operated in the same manner. .
  • the air-conditioning apparatus can detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit and greatly improve safety. It should be noted that the contents described in the first embodiment can be appropriately applied to the contents of the second embodiment, and the contents described in the second embodiment can be appropriately applied to the contents of the first embodiment.

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Abstract

An air-conditioning device configured, with the safety ensured, so that the device imposes less load on the environment. An air-conditioning device (100) is provided with a concentration detection device (305) which detects the concentration of a heat source refrigerant leaking from a refrigerant circuit, and also with shut-off devices (a first shut-off device (303) and a second shut-off device (304)) which are provided at positions predetermined distances from the inlet and the outlet of an indoor unit (300) and which block the circulation of the heat source refrigerant on the basis of information from the concentration detection device (305).

Description

空気調和装置Air conditioner
 本発明は、たとえばビル用マルチエアコン等に適用される空気調和装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to, for example, a building multi air conditioner.
 従来から、ビル用マルチエアコンなどの空気調和装置においては、たとえば建物外に配置した熱源機である室外機と建物の室内に配置した室内機との間に冷媒を循環させる。そして、冷媒が放熱、吸熱して、加熱、冷却された空気により空調対象空間の冷房または暖房を行なっていた。このようなビル用マルチエアコンでは、複数の室内機が接続されており、停止している室内機、運転している室内機が混在していることも多い。また、室外機と室内機とを接続する配管が最大100mになることもある。配管が長くなるほど、多くの冷媒がシステム内に充填されることになる。 Conventionally, in an air conditioner such as a multi air conditioner for buildings, for example, a refrigerant is circulated between an outdoor unit that is a heat source unit arranged outside a building and an indoor unit arranged inside a building. And the refrigerant | coolant thermally radiated and absorbed heat, and air-conditioning object space was cooled or heated with the air heated and cooled. In such a building multi-air conditioner, a plurality of indoor units are connected, and there are many cases where a stopped indoor unit and an operating indoor unit are mixed. In addition, the pipe connecting the outdoor unit and the indoor unit may be up to 100 m. The longer the pipe, the more refrigerant will be filled into the system.
 このようなビル用マルチエアコンの室内機は、人が居る室内空間(たとえば、オフィス空間や居室、店舗等)に配置されて利用されることが通常である。何らかの原因によって、室内空間に配置された室内機から冷媒が漏れた場合、冷媒の種類によっては引火性、有毒性を有しており、人体への影響及び安全性の観点から大きな問題となる。また、人体に有害ではない冷媒であったも、冷媒漏れによって、室内空間での酸素濃度が低下し、人体に悪影響を及ぼすことも想定される。そこで、冷凍サイクルから冷媒が漏れたとき、システムを停止するようにした技術が開示されている(たとえば、特許文献1参照)。 Such an indoor unit of a multi-air conditioner for buildings is usually arranged and used in an indoor space where people are present (for example, an office space, a living room, a store, etc.). When the refrigerant leaks from the indoor unit arranged in the indoor space for some reason, depending on the type of the refrigerant, it has flammability and toxicity, which is a big problem from the viewpoint of human influence and safety. Moreover, although it is a refrigerant | coolant which is not harmful to a human body, the oxygen concentration in indoor space falls by a refrigerant | coolant leak, and it is assumed that it has a bad influence on a human body. Thus, a technique is disclosed in which the system is stopped when refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration cycle (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
特開2000-320936号公報(たとえば、第5頁等)JP 2000-320936 A (for example, page 5)
 ところで、近年、地球温暖化の観点から、地球温暖化係数が高いHFC系冷媒(たとえば、R410Aや、R404A、R407C、R134a等)の使用を制限する動きがあり、地球温暖化係数が小さい冷媒(たとえば、二酸化炭素等)を用いた空気調和装置が提案されている。二酸化炭素をビル用マルチエアコンに冷媒として用いた場合においても、多量の冷媒を必要とするため、その冷媒が室内空間に漏れた時の対策を講じておかなければならない。 By the way, in recent years, from the viewpoint of global warming, there has been a movement to limit the use of HFC refrigerants having a high global warming potential (for example, R410A, R404A, R407C, R134a, etc.), and refrigerants having a low global warming potential ( For example, an air conditioner using carbon dioxide or the like has been proposed. Even when carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant in a building multi-air conditioner, since a large amount of refrigerant is required, measures must be taken when the refrigerant leaks into the indoor space.
 表1に、従来冷媒(R410A)及び二酸化炭素冷媒が漏れた場合の限界濃度を示す。表1の限界濃度[kg/m3]以下では人体に悪影響を及ぼさないことを示しており、この値はISO・5149の値を用いている。表1から分かるように、二酸化炭素冷媒の限界濃度は、従来冷媒の限界濃度に比べ、大幅に小さいことが分かる。すなわち、二酸化炭素冷媒は、従来冷媒に比べ、冷媒漏れに対し、少しの冷媒漏れによって、人体への悪影響を発生させることを意味している。 Table 1 shows the limit concentrations when the conventional refrigerant (R410A) and the carbon dioxide refrigerant leak. Below the limit concentration [kg / m 3 ] in Table 1, it is shown that the human body is not adversely affected, and the value of ISO 5149 is used as this value. As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen that the limit concentration of the carbon dioxide refrigerant is significantly smaller than the limit concentration of the conventional refrigerant. That is, the carbon dioxide refrigerant means that a slight refrigerant leakage causes a bad influence on the human body with respect to the refrigerant leakage as compared with the conventional refrigerant.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 特許文献1に記載されている技術は、二酸化炭素を冷媒として用い、二酸化炭素冷媒の漏れが従来冷媒の漏れのように発生した場合に、システムを停止するようにしているが、二酸化炭素冷媒の漏れに対する何らかの方策を講じていない。すなわち、冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いる場合には、人体に悪影響を与えないことを大前提とし、冷媒漏れを低減させる何らかの方策を講じる必要がある。 The technique described in Patent Document 1 uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and stops the system when a carbon dioxide refrigerant leak occurs like a conventional refrigerant leak. No measures are taken against leaks. In other words, when carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, it is necessary to take some measures to reduce refrigerant leakage on the premise that the human body is not adversely affected.
 本発明は、上記の課題を解決するためになされたもので、安全性を確保しつつ、環境に与える負荷を低減することを可能とした空気調和装置を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and provides an air conditioner that can reduce the load on the environment while ensuring safety.
 本発明に係る空気調和装置は、少なくとも圧縮機、及び、熱源側熱交換器を室外機に備え、少なくとも絞り装置、及び、利用側熱交換器を室内機に備え、前記圧縮機、前記熱源側熱交換器、前記絞り装置、及び、前記利用側熱交換器が配管接続され、超臨界状態に遷移する冷媒または可燃性を有する冷媒が循環する冷媒回路が形成された空気調和装置であって、前記室内機の内部又は前記室内機の設置空間に設けられ、前記冷媒回路から漏れた冷媒の濃度を検出する濃度検出装置と、前記室内機の外側で、かつ、前記室内機の出入口から所定距離以内に設けられ、前記濃度検出装置からの情報に基づいて熱源側冷媒の循環を遮断する遮断装置と、を有しているものである。 An air conditioner according to the present invention includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger in an outdoor unit, and includes at least an expansion device and a use side heat exchanger in the indoor unit, the compressor, the heat source side An air conditioner in which a heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the use-side heat exchanger are connected by piping, and a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant that transitions to a supercritical state or a refrigerant that has flammability circulates is formed, A concentration detection device that detects the concentration of refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit, provided inside the indoor unit or in the installation space of the indoor unit, and a predetermined distance from the outside of the indoor unit and from the entrance / exit of the indoor unit And a shut-off device that shuts off the circulation of the heat-source-side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detection device.
 本発明に係る空気調和装置は、少なくとも圧縮機、及び、熱源側熱交換器を室外機に備え、少なくとも熱媒体間熱交換器、絞り装置、及び、ポンプを熱媒体変換機に備え、少なくとも利用側熱交換器を室内機に備え、前記圧縮機、前記熱源側熱交換器、前記絞り装置、及び、前記熱媒体間熱交換器の冷媒側流路が直列に配管接続され、超臨界状態に遷移する冷媒または可燃性を有する冷媒が循環する冷媒循環回路と、前記熱媒体間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路、前記ポンプ、及び、前記利用側熱交換器が直列に配管接続され、熱媒体が循環する熱媒体循環回路と、が形成された空気調和装置であって、前記熱媒体変換機の内部又は前記熱媒体変換機の設置空間に設けられ、前記冷媒循環回路から漏れた冷媒の濃度を検出する濃度検出装置と、前記熱媒体変換機の外側で、かつ、前記熱媒体変換機の出入口から所定距離以内に設けられ、前記前記濃度検出装置からの情報に基づいて熱源側冷媒の循環を遮断する遮断装置と、を有しているものである。 An air conditioner according to the present invention includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger in an outdoor unit, and includes at least a heat exchanger related to heat medium, a throttling device, and a pump in a heat medium converter, and uses at least A side heat exchanger is provided in the indoor unit, and the compressor, the heat source side heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the refrigerant side flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium are piped in series to be in a supercritical state. A refrigerant circulation circuit in which a transition refrigerant or a flammable refrigerant circulates, and a heat medium side flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium, the pump, and the use side heat exchanger are connected in series by piping. A heat medium circulation circuit in which a medium circulates, wherein the air conditioner is provided in the heat medium converter or in an installation space of the heat medium converter, and the refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit Concentration detection device that detects the concentration and the previous A shut-off device that is provided outside the heat medium converter and within a predetermined distance from the inlet / outlet of the heat medium converter, and shuts off the circulation of the heat source side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detector. It is what you are doing.
 本発明に係る空気調和装置によれば、冷媒回路からの冷媒漏れを検知することが可能となり、安全性を大きく向上させるだけでなく、環境負荷を小さくできる。 According to the air conditioner of the present invention, it is possible to detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit, not only greatly improving safety but also reducing environmental load.
本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の回路構成の一例を示す概略回路構成図である。It is a schematic circuit block diagram which shows an example of the circuit structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the air_conditioning | cooling operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the heating operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 室内機の内部構成の一例を模式的に示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows typically an example of the internal structure of an indoor unit. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the example of installation of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の回路構成の一例を示す概略回路構成図である。It is a schematic circuit block diagram which shows an example of the circuit structure of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit figure which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the cooling only operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit figure which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the heating only operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit figure which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the cooling main operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。It is a refrigerant circuit diagram which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the heating main operation mode of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
 以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
実施の形態1.
 図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の回路構成の一例を示す概略回路構成図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置100の詳しい回路構成について説明する。図1では、室内機300が4台接続されている場合を例に示している。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the detailed circuit structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 is demonstrated. FIG. 1 shows an example in which four indoor units 300 are connected. In addition, in the following drawings including FIG. 1, the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
 図1に示すように、空気調和装置100は、室外機(熱源機)200と室内機300(室内機300a~室内機300d)とが、配管400(配管400a、配管400b)で接続されて構成されている。つまり、空気調和装置100では、複数台の室内機300が室外機200に対して並列となるように接続されている。なお、配管400は、冷媒(熱源側冷媒)を導通する冷媒配管である。また、空気調和装置100には、冷媒として二酸化炭素(CO)や可燃性を有する冷媒(たとえば、R32、プロパン、HFO1234yf等)が封入されているものとする。ただし、冷媒を二酸化炭素に限定するものではなく、超臨界状態に遷移する他の単一冷媒や混合冷媒(たとえば二酸化炭素とジエチルエーテルの混合冷媒)等を冷媒として用いてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, an air conditioner 100 is configured by connecting an outdoor unit (heat source unit) 200 and an indoor unit 300 (indoor units 300a to 300d) by pipes 400 (pipe 400a, pipe 400b). Has been. That is, in the air conditioner 100, a plurality of indoor units 300 are connected to the outdoor unit 200 in parallel. The pipe 400 is a refrigerant pipe that conducts the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant). In addition, it is assumed that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or a flammable refrigerant (for example, R32, propane, HFO1234yf, etc.) is sealed in the air conditioner 100 as a refrigerant. However, the refrigerant is not limited to carbon dioxide, and another single refrigerant or a mixed refrigerant (for example, a mixed refrigerant of carbon dioxide and diethyl ether) that transitions to a supercritical state may be used as the refrigerant.
[室外機200]
 室外機200には、圧縮機201と、油分離器202と、四方弁等の流路切替装置203と、熱源側熱交換器204と、アキュムレーター205と、が直列に配管400で接続されて搭載されている。また、油分離器202と圧縮機201の吸入側とは、油戻キャピラリー206で接続されている。
[Outdoor unit 200]
In the outdoor unit 200, a compressor 201, an oil separator 202, a flow path switching device 203 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 204, and an accumulator 205 are connected in series by a pipe 400. It is installed. The oil separator 202 and the suction side of the compressor 201 are connected by an oil return capillary 206.
 圧縮機201は、冷媒を吸入し、その冷媒を圧縮して高温・高圧の状態にして冷媒回路に搬送するものであり、たとえば容量制御可能なインバータ圧縮機等で構成するとよい。油分離器202は、圧縮機201の吐出側に設けられており、冷媒と冷凍機油とを分離するものである。流路切替装置203は、油分離器202の下流側に設けられており、暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れと冷房運転モードおける冷媒の流れとを切り替えるものである。 The compressor 201 sucks the refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant to be brought into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and conveys the refrigerant to the refrigerant circuit. For example, the compressor 201 may be composed of an inverter compressor capable of controlling capacity. The oil separator 202 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 201 and separates the refrigerant and the refrigeration oil. The flow path switching device 203 is provided on the downstream side of the oil separator 202, and switches between the refrigerant flow in the heating operation mode and the refrigerant flow in the cooling operation mode.
 熱源側熱交換器(室外側熱交換器)204は、暖房運転時には蒸発器として機能し、冷房運転時には放熱器(ガスクーラー)として機能し、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と冷媒との間で熱交換を行なうものである。アキュムレーター205は、圧縮機10の吸入側に設けられており、暖房運転モード時と冷房運転モード時の違いによる余剰冷媒、過渡的な運転の変化(たとえば、室内機300の運転台数の変化)に対する余剰冷媒を蓄えるものである。油戻キャピラリー206は、油分離器202で捕捉された冷凍機油を圧縮機201の低圧側に戻すものである。 The heat source side heat exchanger (outdoor heat exchanger) 204 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a radiator (gas cooler) during cooling operation, and is supplied with air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown). Heat exchange is performed with the refrigerant. The accumulator 205 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, and surplus refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation mode and the cooling operation mode, a transitional operation change (for example, a change in the number of indoor units 300 operated). The excess refrigerant is stored. The oil return capillary 206 returns the refrigeration oil captured by the oil separator 202 to the low pressure side of the compressor 201.
[室内機300]
 室内機300には、絞り装置302と、利用側熱交換器(室内側熱交換器)301と、が直列に接続されて搭載されている。利用側熱交換器301は、暖房運転時には放熱器として機能し、冷房運転時には蒸発器として機能し、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と冷媒との間で熱交換を行ない、空調対象空間に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。絞り装置302は、減圧弁や膨張弁としての機能を有し、冷媒を減圧して膨張させるものであり、開度が可変に制御可能なもの、たとえば電子式膨張弁等で構成するとよい。
[Indoor unit 300]
The indoor unit 300 is mounted with a throttle device 302 and a use side heat exchanger (indoor side heat exchanger) 301 connected in series. The use-side heat exchanger 301 functions as a radiator during heating operation, functions as an evaporator during cooling operation, and performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the refrigerant, and air conditioning. Heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the target space is generated. The expansion device 302 has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, expands the refrigerant by depressurizing it, and may be constituted by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
 実施の形態1では、4台の室内機300が接続されている場合を例に示しており、紙面下側から室内機300a、室内機300b、室内機300c、室内機300dとして図示している。また、室内機300a~室内機300dに応じて、利用側熱交換器301も、紙面下側から利用側熱交換器301a、利用側熱交換器301b、利用側熱交換器301c、利用側熱交換器301dとして図示している。同様に、絞り装置302も、紙面下側から絞り装置302a、絞り装置302b、絞り装置302c、絞り装置302dとして図示している。なお、室内機300の接続台数を4台に限定するものではない。 In Embodiment 1, a case where four indoor units 300 are connected is shown as an example, and is illustrated as an indoor unit 300a, an indoor unit 300b, an indoor unit 300c, and an indoor unit 300d from the lower side of the drawing. Further, in accordance with the indoor units 300a to 300d, the use side heat exchanger 301 also uses the use side heat exchanger 301a, the use side heat exchanger 301b, the use side heat exchanger 301c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 301d. Similarly, the diaphragm device 302 is also illustrated as a diaphragm device 302a, a diaphragm device 302b, a diaphragm device 302c, and a diaphragm device 302d from the bottom of the drawing. The number of connected indoor units 300 is not limited to four.
 また、空気調和装置100には、室外機200及び室内機300の外側における配管400aに第1遮断装置303が、室外機200及び室内機300の外側における配管400bに第2遮断装置304が、それぞれ設置されている。第1遮断装置303は、二方弁等で構成されており、配管400aを開閉するものである。第2遮断装置304は、二方弁等で構成されており、配管400bを開閉するものである。 The air conditioner 100 also includes a first shut-off device 303 on the pipe 400a outside the outdoor unit 200 and the indoor unit 300, and a second shut-off device 304 on the pipe 400b outside the outdoor unit 200 and the indoor unit 300, respectively. is set up. The 1st cutoff device 303 is comprised by the two-way valve etc., and opens and closes the piping 400a. The 2nd cutoff device 304 is comprised by the two-way valve etc., and opens and closes the piping 400b.
 室内機300a~室内機300dに応じて、第1遮断装置303は、紙面下側から第1遮断装置303a、第1遮断装置303b、第1遮断装置303c、第1遮断装置303dとして図示している。同様に、第2遮断装置304も、紙面下側から第1遮断装置304a、第1遮断装置304b、第1遮断装置304c、第1遮断装置304dとして図示している。 In accordance with the indoor units 300a to 300d, the first blocking device 303 is illustrated as a first blocking device 303a, a first blocking device 303b, a first blocking device 303c, and a first blocking device 303d from the lower side of the page. . Similarly, the second blocking device 304 is also illustrated as a first blocking device 304a, a first blocking device 304b, a first blocking device 304c, and a first blocking device 304d from the lower side of the drawing.
 空気調和装置100が実行する各運転モードについて説明する。
[冷房運転モード]
 図2は、空気調和装置100の冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図2では、室内機300の全部が駆動している場合を例に説明する。なお、図2では、冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示している。
Each operation mode which the air conditioning apparatus 100 performs is demonstrated.
[Cooling operation mode]
FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling operation mode. In FIG. 2, the case where all the indoor units 300 are driven will be described as an example. In FIG. 2, the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by arrows.
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機201によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機201から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、油分離器202に流入する。油分離器202では、冷媒と冷媒に混ざっている冷凍機油とが分離される。分離された冷凍機油は、油戻キャピラリー206を通って、圧縮機201の低圧側に戻され、最終的には圧縮機201に戻される。油分離器202において分離された高温・高圧の冷媒は、流路切替装置203を通り、熱源側熱交換器204に流入する。 A low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 201 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 201 flows into the oil separator 202. In the oil separator 202, the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil mixed in the refrigerant are separated. The separated refrigeration oil is returned to the low pressure side of the compressor 201 through the oil return capillary 206 and finally returned to the compressor 201. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant separated in the oil separator 202 passes through the flow path switching device 203 and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 204.
 熱源側熱交換器204に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気と熱交換することで、空気に放熱する。冷媒に二酸化炭素を使用しているので、熱源側熱交換器204に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、超臨界状態で、温度を低下させた状態となって熱源側熱交換器204から流出する。この低温・高圧の超臨界状態の冷媒は、配管400aを通って、室外機200から流出する。そして、第1遮断装置303a~第1遮断装置303dを通り、室内機300a~室内機300dのそれぞれに流入する。 The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 204 radiates heat to the air by exchanging heat with air supplied from a blower (not shown). Since carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source-side heat exchanger 204 flows out of the heat source-side heat exchanger 204 in a supercritical state in a lowered temperature state. To do. The low-temperature / high-pressure supercritical refrigerant flows out of the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a. Then, it passes through the first shut-off device 303a to the first shut-off device 303d and flows into each of the indoor units 300a to 300d.
 室内機300a~室内機300dに流入した冷媒は、絞り装置302a~絞り装置302dのそれぞれで膨張(減圧)させられて、低温・低圧の気液二相状態となる。この気液二相状態の冷媒は、利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dのそれぞれに流入する。利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dに流入した気液二相状態の冷媒は、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気(室内空気)と熱交換することで、空気から吸熱して、低圧のガス冷媒となって、利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dから流出する。 The refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d is expanded (depressurized) by each of the expansion devices 302a to 302d to be in a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state. This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d. The gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d absorbs heat from the air by exchanging heat with air (indoor air) supplied from a blower (not shown). Then, it becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant and flows out from the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d.
 通常、利用側熱交換器301の冷媒出入口には、温度センサー(図4に示す温度センサー306、温度センサー307)が設けられている。そして、利用側熱交換器301への冷媒供給量は、利用側熱交換器301の冷媒出入口に設けられている温度センサーからの温度情報を利用して調整されている。具体的には、それらの温度センサーからの情報で過熱度(出口側における冷媒温度-入口における冷媒温度)を算出し、その過熱度が2~5℃程度になるように、絞り装置302の開度を決定し、利用側熱交換器301への冷媒供給量を調整している。 Usually, temperature sensors (a temperature sensor 306 and a temperature sensor 307 shown in FIG. 4) are provided at the refrigerant inlet / outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301. The refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted using temperature information from a temperature sensor provided at the refrigerant inlet / outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301. Specifically, the degree of superheat (refrigerant temperature at the outlet side−refrigerant temperature at the inlet) is calculated from information from these temperature sensors, and the expansion device 302 is opened so that the degree of superheat is about 2 to 5 ° C. The refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted.
 利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dから流出した低圧ガス冷媒は、室内機300a~室内機300dから流出し、第2遮断装置304a~第2遮断装置304dを介してから、配管400bを通って、室外機200に流れ込む。室外機200に流入した冷媒は、流路切替装置203を通って、アキュムレーター205に流れ込む。アキュムレーター205に流れ込んだ冷媒は、液冷媒とガス冷媒とが分離され、ガス冷媒が再び圧縮機201に吸い込まれる。 The low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d flows out of the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d, passes through the second shut-off device 304a to the second shut-off device 304d, and then the pipe 400b. And flows into the outdoor unit 200. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 200 flows into the accumulator 205 through the flow path switching device 203. The refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is separated from the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant, and the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 201 again.
 このような冷房運転モードでは、各室内機300において過熱度制御が行なわれているので、液状態の冷媒がアキュムレーター205に流れ込まない。しかしながら、過渡的な状態や、停止している室内機300があるときは、少量の液状態(乾き度0.95程度)の冷媒がアキュムレーター205に流れ込むことがある。アキュムレーター205に流れ込んだ液冷媒は、蒸発して圧縮機201に吸引されたり、アキュムレーター205の出口配管に設けられている油戻し穴(図示省略)を介して圧縮機201に吸引されたりする。 In such a cooling operation mode, since the superheat degree control is performed in each indoor unit 300, the liquid refrigerant does not flow into the accumulator 205. However, when there is a transitional state or the indoor unit 300 is stopped, a small amount of refrigerant (dryness of about 0.95) may flow into the accumulator 205. The liquid refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is evaporated and sucked into the compressor 201, or sucked into the compressor 201 through an oil return hole (not shown) provided in the outlet pipe of the accumulator 205. .
[暖房運転モード]
 図3は、空気調和装置100の暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図3では、室内機300の全部が駆動している場合を例に説明する。なお、図3では、冷媒の流れ方向を矢印で示している。
[Heating operation mode]
FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating operation mode. In FIG. 3, the case where all the indoor units 300 are driven will be described as an example. In FIG. 3, the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by arrows.
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機201によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機201から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、油分離器202に流入する。油分離器202では、冷媒と冷媒に混ざっている冷凍機油とが分離される。分離された冷凍機油は、油戻キャピラリー206を通って、圧縮機201の低圧側に戻され、最終的には圧縮機201に戻される。油分離器202において分離された高温・高圧の冷媒は、流路切替装置203を経由し、配管400bを通って室外機200から流出する。室外機200から流出した冷媒は、第2遮断装置304a~第2遮断装置304dを通り、室内機300a~室内機300dのそれぞれに流入する。 A low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 201 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 201 flows into the oil separator 202. In the oil separator 202, the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil mixed in the refrigerant are separated. The separated refrigeration oil is returned to the low pressure side of the compressor 201 through the oil return capillary 206 and finally returned to the compressor 201. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant separated in the oil separator 202 flows out from the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400b via the flow path switching device 203. The refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor unit 200 passes through the second blocking device 304a to the second blocking device 304d and flows into each of the indoor units 300a to 300d.
 室内機300a~室内機300dに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dで、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気(室内空気)と熱交換することで、空気に放熱して、超臨界状態で、温度を低下させた状態となって利用側熱交換器301a~利用側熱交換器301dから流出する。この低温・高圧の超臨界状態の冷媒は、絞り装置302a~絞り装置302dのそれぞれで膨張(減圧)させられて、低温・低圧の気液二相状態となり、室内機300a~室内機300dから流出する。 The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the indoor units 300a to 300d exchanges heat with air (indoor air) supplied from a blower (not shown) in the use side heat exchangers 301a to 301d. As a result, heat is radiated to the air, and in a supercritical state, the temperature is lowered and flows out from the use side heat exchanger 301a to the use side heat exchanger 301d. This low-temperature / high-pressure supercritical refrigerant is expanded (depressurized) in each of the expansion devices 302a to 302d to enter a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state, and flows out of the indoor units 300a to 300d. To do.
 上述したように、通常、利用側熱交換器301の冷媒出口には、温度センサー及び圧力センサー(図4に示す圧力センサー308)が設けられている。そして、利用側熱交換器301への冷媒供給量は、利用側熱交換器301の冷媒出口に設けられている温度センサー及び圧力センサーからの情報を利用して調整されている。具体的には、それらのセンサーからの情報で過冷却度(出口側における冷媒の検知圧力から換算された飽和温度-出口側における冷媒温度)を算出し、その過冷却度が2~5℃程度になるように、絞り装置302の開度を決定し、利用側熱交換器301への冷媒供給量を調整している。 As described above, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor (pressure sensor 308 shown in FIG. 4) are usually provided at the refrigerant outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301. The refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted using information from a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor provided at the refrigerant outlet of the use side heat exchanger 301. Specifically, the degree of supercooling (saturation temperature converted from the detected pressure of refrigerant on the outlet side-refrigerant temperature on the outlet side) is calculated from information from these sensors, and the degree of supercooling is about 2 to 5 ° C. Thus, the opening degree of the expansion device 302 is determined, and the refrigerant supply amount to the use side heat exchanger 301 is adjusted.
 室内機300a~室内機300dから流出した低温・低圧の気液二相状態の冷媒は、第1遮断装置303a~第1遮断装置303dを介し、配管400aを通って、室外機200に流れ込む。この冷媒は、熱源側熱交換器204に流入する。熱源側熱交換器204に流入した低温・定圧の気液二相状態の冷媒は、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気と熱交換することで、空気から吸熱して、乾き度が徐々に大きくなる。そして、熱源側熱交換器204の出口では乾き度の大きい状態の気液二相冷媒となって、熱源側熱交換器204から流出する。熱源側熱交換器204から流出した冷媒は、流路切替装置203を通って、アキュムレーター205に流れ込む。アキュムレーター205に流れ込んだ冷媒は、液冷媒とガス冷媒とが分離され、ガス冷媒が再び圧縮機201に吸い込まれる。 The low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the indoor unit 300a to the indoor unit 300d flows into the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a via the first cutoff device 303a to the first cutoff device 303d. This refrigerant flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 204. The low-temperature / constant-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 204 absorbs heat from the air by exchanging heat with air supplied from a blower (not shown), and the degree of dryness gradually increases. Become. And it becomes a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant | coolant with a large dryness in the exit of the heat source side heat exchanger 204, and flows out from the heat source side heat exchanger 204. FIG. The refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 204 flows into the accumulator 205 through the flow path switching device 203. The refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is separated from the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant, and the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 201 again.
 このような暖房運転モードでは、余剰冷媒がアキュムレーター205に常に存在している。アキュムレーター205に流れ込んだ液冷媒は、蒸発して圧縮機201に吸引されたり、アキュムレーター205の出口配管に設けられている油戻し穴(図示省略)を介して圧縮機201に吸引されたりする。 In such a heating operation mode, surplus refrigerant is always present in the accumulator 205. The liquid refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 205 is evaporated and sucked into the compressor 201, or sucked into the compressor 201 through an oil return hole (not shown) provided in the outlet pipe of the accumulator 205. .
 図4は、空気調和装置100の回路の一部を拡大して示す模式図である。図4に基づいて、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の特徴事項について説明する。室内機300には、上述したように、絞り装置302及び利用側熱交換器301が設けられている。また、図4に示すように、室内機300には、温度センサー306、温度センサー307、圧力センサー308、濃度検出装置305が設けられている。なお、室内機300の外側における配管400aには第1遮断装置303が、配管400bには第2遮断装置304が、それぞれ設けられている。つまり、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304は、室内機300の出入口側に設けられている。 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a part of the circuit of the air conditioner 100 in an enlarged manner. Based on FIG. 4, the characteristic matter of the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 will be described. As described above, the indoor unit 300 is provided with the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301. As shown in FIG. 4, the indoor unit 300 includes a temperature sensor 306, a temperature sensor 307, a pressure sensor 308, and a concentration detection device 305. A first shut-off device 303 is provided on the pipe 400a outside the indoor unit 300, and a second shut-off device 304 is provided on the pipe 400b. That is, the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are provided on the entrance / exit side of the indoor unit 300.
 温度センサー306は、第1遮断装置303と利用側熱交換器301との間に設けられ、この部分を流れる冷媒の温度を検出するものである。温度センサー307は、絞り装置302と利用側熱交換器301との間に設けられ、この部分を流れる冷媒の温度を検出するものである。圧力センサー308は、温度センサー307と同様の位置に設けられ、この部分を流れる冷媒の圧力を検出するものである。濃度検出装置305は、冷媒(実施の形態1では二酸化炭素)の濃度を検出ものであり、特に人が存在する空間の冷媒濃度を検出するものである。 The temperature sensor 306 is provided between the first shut-off device 303 and the use side heat exchanger 301 and detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through this portion. The temperature sensor 307 is provided between the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301, and detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through this portion. The pressure sensor 308 is provided at the same position as the temperature sensor 307 and detects the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through this portion. The concentration detection device 305 detects the concentration of the refrigerant (carbon dioxide in the first embodiment), and particularly detects the concentration of the refrigerant in a space where a person exists.
 なお、図4では、濃度検出装置305が室内機300の内部における利用側熱交換器301の近傍に設けられている場合を例に示しているが、設置位置をこの位置に限定するものではない。たとえば、濃度検出装置305を室内機300内に設置せずに、室内機300が設置されている空間に設けるようにしてもよい。つまり、濃度検出装置305の設置目的は、人が存在する空間の冷媒濃度を検出することであるため、室内機300が設置されている空間の任意の場所に設置されていればよいのである。また、たとえば、リモコン(図示省略)に濃度検出装置305を組み込んでもよい。 4 shows an example in which the concentration detection device 305 is provided in the vicinity of the use-side heat exchanger 301 inside the indoor unit 300, but the installation position is not limited to this position. . For example, the concentration detection device 305 may be provided in a space where the indoor unit 300 is installed without being installed in the indoor unit 300. That is, since the installation purpose of the concentration detection device 305 is to detect the refrigerant concentration in a space where a person exists, the concentration detection device 305 may be installed in any place in the space where the indoor unit 300 is installed. Further, for example, the concentration detection device 305 may be incorporated in a remote controller (not shown).
 図4では、第1遮断装置303が利用側熱交換器301の配管400a側に、第2遮断装置304が利用側熱交換器301の配管400b側に、それぞれ設けられており、第1遮断装置303と第2遮断装置304との間に絞り装置302及び利用側熱交換器301が設けられている場合を例に示している。また、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304は、通電時は開状態、非通電状態は閉状態である。 In FIG. 4, the first shut-off device 303 is provided on the pipe 400 a side of the use side heat exchanger 301, and the second shut-off device 304 is provided on the pipe 400 b side of the use side heat exchanger 301. The case where the expansion device 302 and the use side heat exchanger 301 are provided between 303 and the second shut-off device 304 is shown as an example. Moreover, the 1st cutoff device 303 and the 2nd cutoff device 304 are an open state at the time of electricity supply, and a non-energized state is a closed state.
 濃度検出装置305には、所定濃度未満のときはスイッチON状態に、所定濃度以上の時はスイッチOFF状態になるようなスイッチ構造が内蔵されている。この所定濃度は、使用される冷媒の漏洩限界濃度としている。二酸化炭素を冷媒として用いる場合の漏洩限界濃度は0.07[kg/m3](表1参照)であるため、この濃度を所定濃度として濃度検出装置305に内蔵したスイッチのON・OFFを実行するようになっている。言うまでもなく、濃度検出装置305にスイッチ構造が内蔵されておらず、スイッチ(接点)を別部品とした構成でもよい。 The concentration detection device 305 has a built-in switch structure in which the switch is turned on when the concentration is lower than the predetermined concentration, and the switch is turned off when the concentration is higher than the predetermined concentration. This predetermined concentration is the leakage limit concentration of the refrigerant used. When carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, the leakage limit concentration is 0.07 [kg / m 3 ] (see Table 1). Therefore, this concentration is set to a predetermined concentration, and the switch built in the concentration detection device 305 is turned ON / OFF. It is supposed to be. Needless to say, the concentration detection device 305 may not have a built-in switch structure, and the switch (contact point) may be a separate component.
 安全性をより向上させるため、空気調和装置100においては、濃度検出装置305のバラツキや、室内空間の濃度分布等を考慮して、漏洩限界の濃度より低い値(たとえば、漏洩限界濃度の1/10の濃度)を所定濃度として定めてもよい。すなわち、空気調和装置100では、0.007[kg/m3]を閾値(所定濃度)としてスイッチがON・OFFするように設定することも可能になっている。具体的には、0.007[kg/m3]未満ではスイッチON、0.007[kg/m3]以上ではスイッチOFFの状態になる。 In order to further improve safety, the air conditioner 100 takes into consideration a variation in the concentration detection device 305, a concentration distribution in the indoor space, etc., and a value lower than the leakage limit concentration (for example, 1 / of the leakage limit concentration). 10 density) may be determined as the predetermined density. That is, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, it is also possible to set the switch to be turned ON / OFF by setting 0.007 [kg / m 3 ] as a threshold value (predetermined concentration). Specifically, the switch ON is less than 0.007 [kg / m 3], a state of the switch OFF is 0.007 [kg / m 3] or more.
 また、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304の電気部を、交流駆動ではなく、直流駆動としている。これは、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304は空気調和装置100の通常運転中は開状態となるが、電気部の長寿命化の要請に応じるため、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304に交流駆動ではなく直流駆動の電気部を採用することとしたからである。具体的には、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304の弁の開閉はステッピングモーターによって行なう。 Also, the electrical parts of the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are not driven by alternating current but are driven by direct current. This is because the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are open during the normal operation of the air conditioner 100, but the first shut-off device 303 and second sec- This is because an electric part of direct current drive instead of alternating current drive is adopted for the interrupting device 304. Specifically, the valves of the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are opened and closed by a stepping motor.
 また、第1遮断装置303は高圧側(冷房運転時おいて)に設置されているため、CV値は小さくてよく、5HP(馬力)程度ではCV=2程度(1以上)である。一方、第2遮断装置304は低圧側(冷房運転時において)に設置されているため、CV値は大きくする必要があり、5HP程度ではCV=5程度(5以上)である。 Also, since the first shut-off device 303 is installed on the high pressure side (during cooling operation), the CV value may be small, and CV = 2 (1 or more) at about 5 HP (horsepower). On the other hand, since the 2nd cutoff device 304 is installed in the low voltage | pressure side (at the time of air_conditionaing | cooling operation), it is necessary to make a CV value large, and about 5HP, it is about CV = 5 (5 or more).
 また、緊急時に遮断を求められる性格から、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304の最低作動圧力差は0[kPa]程度と十分に小さい値でなければならない。また、空気調和装置100は、冷房と暖房を切り替えることができるヒートポンプ方式の空気調和装置であるため、冷媒と暖房では流れが反転するため、双方向の流れが可能なものを第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304に用いている。さらに、濃度検出装置305は、停電時や濃度検出装置305に商用電源から電力が供給されない場合も想定し、電池が内蔵できるものを使用するとさらに安全性が向上する。 Also, due to the nature required to shut off in an emergency, the minimum operating pressure difference between the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 must be a sufficiently small value of about 0 [kPa]. The air conditioner 100 is a heat pump type air conditioner that can switch between cooling and heating. Therefore, since the flow is reversed between the refrigerant and the heating, the first shutoff device 303 is capable of bidirectional flow. And used in the second shut-off device 304. Further, the concentration detection device 305 is assumed to be safe when power is lost or when power is not supplied to the concentration detection device 305 from a commercial power source.
 実施の形態1では、冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いているため、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304からの漏れ量を小さくする必要があり、3.0×10-9[m3/sec]程度にする必要がある。これは、室内機300が設置されると思われる最小の部屋に数年間、二酸化炭素が漏れ続けた場合を想定した量である。 In Embodiment 1, since carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, it is necessary to reduce the amount of leakage from the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304, and 3.0 × 10 −9 [m 3 / sec It is necessary to make it about. This is an amount that assumes a case where carbon dioxide continues to leak into the smallest room where the indoor unit 300 is supposed to be installed for several years.
 次に、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304の動作について説明する。濃度検出装置305で所定濃度(たとえば0.07[kg/m3])の二酸化炭素が検出された場合、図示省略の制御装置は、冷媒回路から冷媒漏れが発生したと判断し、濃度検出装置305のスイッチをOFFし、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304への通電を止める。その結果、第1遮断装置303及び第2遮断装置304は閉状態になり、配管400a、配管400bを伝って、室外機200から流れ込んでくる冷媒を遮断することができ、室内への冷媒漏れを防止することができる。 Next, operations of the first blocking device 303 and the second blocking device 304 will be described. When carbon dioxide having a predetermined concentration (for example, 0.07 [kg / m 3 ]) is detected by the concentration detection device 305, the control device (not shown) determines that refrigerant leakage has occurred from the refrigerant circuit, and the concentration detection device The switch 305 is turned off to stop energization of the first cutoff device 303 and the second cutoff device 304. As a result, the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are closed, and the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor unit 200 through the pipe 400a and the pipe 400b can be shut off, and the refrigerant leaks into the room. Can be prevented.
 図4に示すように、第1遮断装置303、第2遮断装置304は、室内機300からL[m]の位置に取り付けられている。上述したように、冷媒に二酸化炭素を用いた場合は、漏洩限界濃度を0.07[kg/m3]未満に抑えなければならない。限界漏洩濃度は、室内機300に存在する冷媒量、室内機300に接続している配管400に存在する冷媒量、及び室内機300が設置されている室内空間V[m3]に依存することになる。すなわち、長さL[m]は下記式(1)を満足しなければならない。 As shown in FIG. 4, the first cutoff device 303 and the second cutoff device 304 are attached to the indoor unit 300 at a position L [m]. As described above, when carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the leakage limit concentration must be suppressed to less than 0.07 [kg / m 3 ]. The limit leakage concentration depends on the amount of refrigerant present in the indoor unit 300, the amount of refrigerant present in the pipe 400 connected to the indoor unit 300, and the indoor space V [m 3 ] in which the indoor unit 300 is installed. become. That is, the length L [m] must satisfy the following formula (1).
式(1)
(室内機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])+(室内機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])<0.07[kg/m3
Formula (1)
(Indoor unit connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / indoor volume [m 3 ]) + (indoor unit volume × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / indoor) Volume [m 3 ]) <0.07 [kg / m 3 ]
 たとえば、2.5HP(馬力)の室内機300を接続した場合の計算例を示す。2.5HPの室内機容積、室内機接続配管(ガス管、液管)の容積、設置されている部屋の容積を表2に示している。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
For example, a calculation example when a 2.5 HP (horsepower) indoor unit 300 is connected is shown. Table 2 shows the volume of the indoor unit of 2.5 HP, the volume of the indoor unit connection pipe (gas pipe, liquid pipe), and the volume of the installed room.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 なお、ここでは、平均の冷媒密度として471[kg/m3]を用いた。この値は、利用側熱交換器301が放熱器(ガスクーラー)として作用し、利用側熱交換器301の入口冷媒温度が70℃、出口温度が35℃となっている場合の平均密度である。利用側熱交換器301での冷媒量(平均冷媒密度)が多くなるのは、利用側熱交換器301が蒸発器として作用しているときよりも放熱器として作用しているときである。そこで、ここでは、放熱器として作用する利用側熱交換器301で得られる冷媒量(平均冷媒密度)を基に設計した場合を例に説明している。 Here, 471 [kg / m 3 ] was used as the average refrigerant density. This value is an average density when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as a radiator (gas cooler) and the use side heat exchanger 301 has an inlet refrigerant temperature of 70 ° C. and an outlet temperature of 35 ° C. . The amount of refrigerant (average refrigerant density) in the use side heat exchanger 301 increases when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as a radiator rather than when the use side heat exchanger 301 acts as an evaporator. Therefore, here, a case where the design is made based on the refrigerant amount (average refrigerant density) obtained by the use-side heat exchanger 301 acting as a radiator is described as an example.
 表2に示す各部位の容積を上記式(1)に代入し、長さを求めた結果、L<30[m]となる。すなわち、室内機300から30m未満のところに第1遮断装置303、第2遮断装置304を設置すれば、室内機300と配管400とから冷媒が漏れても室内空間の冷媒濃度を0.07[kg/m3]未満に保つことができる。そのため、冷媒が漏れたとしても、人体に悪影響を及ぼすことはない。 As a result of substituting the volume of each part shown in Table 2 into the above formula (1) and obtaining the length, L <30 [m]. That is, if the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 are installed at a position less than 30 m from the indoor unit 300, the refrigerant concentration in the indoor space is set to 0.07 [ kg / m 3 ]. Therefore, even if the refrigerant leaks, the human body is not adversely affected.
 以上説明したような構成を採用した空気調和装置100は、冷媒回路からの冷媒漏れを検知することが可能となり、安全性を大きく向上させたものとなる。また、空気調和装置100は、冷媒に超臨界状態に遷移するものを使用しているので、環境負荷を小さくすることができる。 The air conditioner 100 employing the configuration as described above can detect a refrigerant leak from the refrigerant circuit, and greatly improves safety. Moreover, since the air conditioning apparatus 100 uses what changed to a supercritical state for a refrigerant | coolant, it can reduce environmental impact.
 また、可燃性を有する冷媒を用いた場合等は、下記式(3)から求められるL[m]の位置に第1遮断装置303、第2遮断装置304を設ければよい。
式(3)
(室内機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])+(室内機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])=2.5×(下限可燃濃度[kg/m3])1.25×h[m]×(部屋の床面積[m2])0.5
 なお、式(3)において、hは室内機300が設置される位置で決定される(下記参照)。たとえば、床置の場合におけるhは0.6[m]、窓取の場合におけるhは1.0[m]、壁掛の場合におけるhは1.8[m]、天井の場合におけるhは2.2[m]である。
Further, when a flammable refrigerant is used, the first shut-off device 303 and the second shut-off device 304 may be provided at the position L [m] obtained from the following formula (3).
Formula (3)
(Indoor unit connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) + (indoor unit volume × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) = 2.5 × (lower limit combustible Concentration [kg / m 3 ]) 1.25 × h [m] × (room floor area [m 2 ]) 0.5
In Expression (3), h is determined at the position where the indoor unit 300 is installed (see below). For example, h in the case of flooring is 0.6 [m], h in the case of a window is 1.0 [m], h in the case of wall hanging is 1.8 [m], and h in the case of ceiling is 2 .2 [m].
実施の形態2.
 図5は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。図5に基づいて、空気調和装置の設置例について説明する。この空気調和装置は、冷媒(熱源側冷媒、熱媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(冷媒循環回路A、熱媒体循環回路B)を利用することで各室内機が運転モードとして冷房モードあるいは暖房モードを自由に選択できるものである。なお、実施の形態2では実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1と同一部分には、同一符号を付して説明を省略するものとする。
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 5, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated. This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. It can be freely selected. In the second embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
 実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100では、冷媒をそのまま利用する方式(直膨方式)を採用しているが、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置では、冷媒(熱源側冷媒)を間接的に利用する方式(間接方式)を採用している。すなわち、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置は、熱源側冷媒に貯えた冷熱または温熱を、熱源側冷媒とは異なる冷媒(以下、熱媒体と称する)に伝達し、熱媒体に貯えた冷熱または温熱で空調対象空間を冷房または暖房するようになっている。 In the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment, a system that uses the refrigerant as it is (direct expansion system) is adopted. However, in the air conditioning apparatus according to the second embodiment, the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant) is indirectly used. The method used for the system (indirect method) is adopted. That is, the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 transmits cold heat or heat stored in the heat source side refrigerant to a refrigerant (hereinafter referred to as a heat medium) different from the heat source side refrigerant, and The space to be air-conditioned is cooled or heated with heat.
 図5においては、本実施の形態に係る空気調和装置は、熱源機である1台の室外機1と、複数台の室内機2と、室外機1と室内機2との間に介在する熱媒体変換機3と、を有している。熱媒体変換機3は、熱源側冷媒と熱媒体とで熱交換を行なうものである。室外機1と熱媒体変換機3とは、熱源側冷媒を導通する冷媒配管4で接続されている。熱媒体変換機3と室内機2とは、熱媒体を導通する配管(熱媒体配管)5で接続されている。そして、室外機1で生成された冷熱あるいは温熱は、熱媒体変換機3を介して室内機2に配送されるようになっている。また、図6で詳細に説明するが、室外機1と熱媒体変換機3との間に、第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38を備えている。 In FIG. 5, the air-conditioning apparatus according to the present embodiment includes one outdoor unit 1 that is a heat source unit, a plurality of indoor units 2, and heat that is interposed between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2. And a medium converter 3. The heat medium relay unit 3 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium. The outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant. The heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a pipe (heat medium pipe) 5 that conducts the heat medium. The cold or warm heat generated by the outdoor unit 1 is delivered to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3. Further, as will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6, a first blocking device 37 and a second blocking device 38 are provided between the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3.
 室外機1は、通常、ビル等の建物9の外の空間(たとえば、屋上等)である室外空間6に配置され、熱媒体変換機3を介して室内機2に冷熱又は温熱を供給するものである。室内機2は、建物9の内部の空間(たとえば、居室等)である室内空間7に冷房用空気あるいは暖房用空気を供給できる位置に配置され、空調対象空間となる室内空間7に冷房用空気あるいは暖房用空気を供給するものである。熱媒体変換機3は、室外機1及び室内機2とは別筐体として、室外空間6及び室内空間7とは別の位置に設置できるように構成されており、室外機1及び室内機2とは冷媒配管4及び配管5でそれぞれ接続され、室外機1から供給される冷熱あるいは温熱を室内機2に伝達するものである。 The outdoor unit 1 is usually disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space (for example, a rooftop) outside a building 9 such as a building, and supplies cold or hot energy to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3. It is. The indoor unit 2 is arranged at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is the air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied. The heat medium relay unit 3 is configured as a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 and is configured to be installed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the indoor space 7. Is connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5, respectively, and transmits cold heat or hot heat supplied from the outdoor unit 1 to the indoor unit 2.
 図5に示すように、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置においては、室外機1と熱媒体変換機3とが2本の冷媒配管4を用いて、熱媒体変換機3と各室内機2とが2本の配管5を用いて、それぞれ接続されている。このように、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置では、2本の配管(冷媒配管4、配管5)を用いて各ユニット(室外機1、室内機2及び熱媒体変換機3)を接続することにより、施工が容易となっている。 As shown in FIG. 5, in the air conditioner according to Embodiment 2, the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium converter 3 use two refrigerant pipes 4, and the heat medium converter 3 and each indoor unit 2. Are connected using two pipes 5 respectively. Thus, in the air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2, each unit (outdoor unit 1, indoor unit 2, and heat medium converter 3) is connected using two pipes (refrigerant pipe 4, pipe 5). Therefore, construction is easy.
 なお、図5においては、熱媒体変換機3が、建物9の内部ではあるが室内空間7とは別の空間である天井裏等の空間(たとえば、建物9における天井裏などのスペース、以下、単に空間8と称する)に設置されている状態を例に示している。熱媒体変換機3は、その他、エレベーター等がある共用空間等に設置することも可能である。また、図5においては、室内機2が天井カセット型である場合を例に示してあるが、これに限定するものではなく、天井埋込型や天井吊下式等、室内空間7に直接またはダクト等により、暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を吹き出せるようになっていればどんな種類のものでもよい。 In FIG. 5, the heat medium converter 3 is located inside the building 9, but is a space such as a ceiling behind the interior space 7 (for example, a space such as a ceiling behind the building 9, hereinafter, An example of a state where it is installed in the space 8) is shown. The heat medium relay 3 can also be installed in a common space where there is an elevator or the like. 5 shows an example in which the indoor unit 2 is a ceiling cassette type. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the indoor unit 2 is not directly limited to the indoor space 7 such as a ceiling embedded type or a ceiling suspended type. Any type of air can be used as long as heating air or cooling air can be blown out by a duct or the like.
 図5においては、室外機1が室外空間6に設置されている場合を例に示しているが、これに限定するものではない。たとえば、室外機1は、換気口付の機械室等の囲まれた空間に設置してもよく、排気ダクトで廃熱を建物9の外に排気することができるのであれば建物9の内部に設置してもよく、あるいは、水冷式の室外機1を用いる場合にも建物9の内部に設置するようにしてもよい。このような場所に室外機1を設置するとしても、特段の問題が発生することはない。 FIG. 5 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the exhaust heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed, or may be installed inside the building 9 when the water-cooled outdoor unit 1 is used. Even if the outdoor unit 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem occurs.
 また、熱媒体変換機3は、室外機1の近傍に設置することもできる。ただし、熱媒体変換機3から室内機2までの距離が長すぎると、熱媒体の搬送動力がかなり大きくなるため、省エネの効果は薄れることに留意が必要である。さらに、室外機1、室内機2及び熱媒体変換機3の接続台数を図5に図示してある台数に限定するものではなく、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置が設置される建物9に応じて台数を決定すればよい。 The heat medium converter 3 can also be installed in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 1. However, it should be noted that if the distance from the heat medium relay unit 3 to the indoor unit 2 is too long, the power for transporting the heat medium becomes considerably large, and the energy saving effect is diminished. Furthermore, the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 2 and heat medium converters 3 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 5, but in building 9 where the air conditioner according to Embodiment 2 is installed. The number of units may be determined accordingly.
 図6は、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置(以下、空気調和装置101と称する)の回路構成の一例を示す概略回路構成図である。図6に基づいて、空気調和装置101の詳しい構成について説明する。図6に示すように、室外機1と熱媒体変換機3とが、熱媒体変換機3に備えられている熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bを介して冷媒配管4で接続されている。また、熱媒体変換機3と室内機2とも、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bを介して配管5で接続されている。なお、冷媒配管4については後段で詳述するものとする。 FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an air-conditioning apparatus 101) according to Embodiment 2. Based on FIG. 6, the detailed structure of the air conditioning apparatus 101 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 6, the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay 3 are connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b provided in the heat medium converter 3. Connected with. Moreover, the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected by the pipe 5 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. The refrigerant pipe 4 will be described in detail later.
[室外機1]
 室外機1には、圧縮機10と、四方弁等の第1冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレーター19とが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて搭載されている。
[Outdoor unit 1]
In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
 圧縮機10は、熱源側冷媒を吸入し、その熱源側冷媒を圧縮して高温・高圧の状態にするものであり、たとえば容量制御可能なインバータ圧縮機等で構成するとよい。第1冷媒流路切替装置11は、暖房運転モード時(全暖房運転モード時及び暖房主体運転モード時)における熱源側冷媒の流れと冷房運転モード時(全冷房運転モード時及び冷房主体運転モード時)における熱源側冷媒の流れとを切り替えるものである。 The compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant and compresses the heat source side refrigerant to be in a high temperature / high pressure state, and may be configured by, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control. The first refrigerant flow switching device 11 has a flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the heating operation mode (in the heating only operation mode and the heating main operation mode) and in the cooling operation mode (in the all cooling operation mode and the cooling main operation mode). ) To switch the flow of the heat source side refrigerant.
 熱源側熱交換器12は、暖房運転時には蒸発器として機能し、冷房運転時には放熱器(ガスクーラー)として機能し、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と熱源側冷媒との間で熱交換を行なうものである。アキュムレーター19は、圧縮機10の吸入側に設けられており、暖房運転モード時と冷房運転モード時の違いによる余剰冷媒、過渡的な運転の変化(たとえば、室内機2の運転台数の変化)に対する余剰冷媒を蓄えるものである。 The heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a radiator (gas cooler) during cooling operation, and between the air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant. Heat exchange is performed. The accumulator 19 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, and surplus refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation mode and the cooling operation mode, a change in the transient operation (for example, a change in the number of indoor units 2 operated). The excess refrigerant is stored.
[室内機2]
 室内機2には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器26が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器26は、配管5によって熱媒体変換機3の熱媒体流量調整装置25と第2熱媒体流路切替装置23に接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器26は、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行ない、室内空間7に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。
[Indoor unit 2]
Each indoor unit 2 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26. The use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the heat medium flow control device 25 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 of the heat medium converter 3 by the pipe 5. The use-side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. To do.
 この図6では、4台の室内機2が熱媒体変換機3に接続されている場合を例に示しており、紙面下側から室内機2a、室内機2b、室内機2c、室内機2dとして図示している。また、室内機2a~室内機2dに応じて、利用側熱交換器26も、紙面下側から利用側熱交換器26a、利用側熱交換器26b、利用側熱交換器26c、利用側熱交換器26dとして図示している。なお、図5と同様に、室内機2の接続台数を図6に示す4台に限定するものではない。 FIG. 6 shows an example in which four indoor units 2 are connected to the heat medium relay unit 3. The indoor unit 2a, the indoor unit 2b, the indoor unit 2c, and the indoor unit 2d from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown. In accordance with the indoor unit 2a to the indoor unit 2d, the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 26d. As in FIG. 5, the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to the four shown in FIG.
[熱媒体変換機3]
 熱媒体変換機3には、2つの熱媒体間熱交換器15と、2つの絞り装置16と、1つの開閉装置17と、4つの第2冷媒流路切替装置18と、2つのポンプ21と、4つの第1熱媒体流路切替装置22と、4つの第2熱媒体流路切替装置23と、4つの熱媒体流量調整装置25と、濃度検出装置39と、が搭載されている。なお、熱媒体変換機3と室外機1との間における冷媒配管4には、第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38が設置されている。
[Heat medium converter 3]
The heat medium relay unit 3 includes two heat medium heat exchangers 15, two expansion devices 16, one switching device 17, four second refrigerant flow switching devices 18, and two pumps 21. Four first heat medium flow switching devices 22, four second heat medium flow switching devices 23, four heat medium flow control devices 25, and a concentration detection device 39 are mounted. A first shut-off device 37 and a second shut-off device 38 are installed in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat medium relay unit 3 and the outdoor unit 1.
 2つの熱媒体間熱交換器15(熱媒体間熱交換器15a、熱媒体間熱交換器15b)は、凝縮器(放熱器)又は蒸発器として機能し、熱源側冷媒と熱媒体とで熱交換を行ない、室外機1で生成され熱源側冷媒に貯えられた冷熱又は温熱を熱媒体に伝達するものである。熱媒体間熱交換器15aは、冷媒循環回路Aにおける絞り装置16aと第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)との間に設けられており、冷房暖房混在運転モード時において熱媒体の冷却に供するものである。熱媒体間熱交換器15bは、冷媒循環回路Aにおける絞り装置16bと第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)との間に設けられており、冷房暖房混在運転モード時において熱媒体の加熱に供するものである。 The two heat exchangers between heat mediums 15 (heat medium heat exchanger 15a and heat medium heat exchanger 15b) function as a condenser (heat radiator) or an evaporator, and heat is generated by the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium. Exchange is performed, and the cold or warm heat generated in the outdoor unit 1 and stored in the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium. The heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is provided between the expansion device 16a, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) in the refrigerant circuit A, It serves for cooling of the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. The heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is provided between the expansion device 16b in the refrigerant circuit A, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2). It is used for heating of the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode.
 2つの絞り装置16(絞り装置16a、絞り装置16b)は、減圧弁や膨張弁としての機能を有し、熱源側冷媒を減圧して膨張させるものである。絞り装置16aは、全冷房運転モード時の熱源側冷媒の流れにおいて熱媒体間熱交換器15aの上流側に設けられている。絞り装置16bは、全冷房運転モード時の熱源側冷媒の流れにおいて熱媒体間熱交換器15bの上流側に設けられている。2つの絞り装置16は、開度が可変に制御可能なもの、たとえば電子式膨張弁等で構成するとよい。 The two expansion devices 16 (the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b) have functions as pressure reducing valves and expansion valves, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure. The expansion device 16a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode. The expansion device 16b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode. The two expansion devices 16 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
 開閉装置17(第3冷媒流路切替装置)は、二方弁等で構成されており、冷媒配管4を開閉するものである。開閉装置17は、第1遮断装置37と絞り装置16aとの間における冷媒配管4に設けられている。 The opening / closing device 17 (third refrigerant flow switching device) is composed of a two-way valve or the like, and opens and closes the refrigerant pipe 4. The opening / closing device 17 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the first shut-off device 37 and the expansion device 16a.
 4つの第2冷媒流路切替装置18(第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2))は、二方弁等で構成され、運転モードに応じて熱源側冷媒の流れを切り替えるものである。第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2))は、全冷房運転モード時の熱源側冷媒の流れにおいて熱媒体間熱交換器15aの下流側に設けられている。第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2))は、全冷房運転モード時の熱源側冷媒の流れにおいて熱媒体間熱交換器15bの下流側に設けられている。 Four second refrigerant flow switching devices 18 (second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2), second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), second refrigerant The flow path switching device 18b (2)) is configured by a two-way valve or the like, and switches the flow of the heat source side refrigerant according to the operation mode. The second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2)) is configured such that the heat source side refrigerant flows during the cooling only operation mode. It is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 15a. The second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2)) is configured so that the heat source side refrigerant flows during the cooling only operation mode. It is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 15b.
 2つのポンプ21(ポンプ21a、ポンプ21b)は、配管5を導通する熱媒体を循環させるものである。ポンプ21aは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと第2熱媒体流路切替装置23との間における配管5に設けられている。ポンプ21bは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと第2熱媒体流路切替装置23との間における配管5に設けられている。2つのポンプ21は、たとえば容量制御可能なポンプ等で構成するとよい。なお、ポンプ21aを、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと第1熱媒体流路切替装置22との間における配管5に設けてもよい。また、ポンプ21bを、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと第1熱媒体流路切替装置22との間における配管5に設けてもよい。 The two pumps 21 (pump 21a and pump 21b) circulate a heat medium that conducts through the pipe 5. The pump 21 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23. The pump 21 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 23. The two pumps 21 may be constituted by, for example, pumps capable of capacity control. The pump 21a may be provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22. Further, the pump 21b may be provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22.
 4つの第1熱媒体流路切替装置22(第1熱媒体流路切替装置22a~第1熱媒体流路切替装置22d)は、三方弁等で構成されており、熱媒体の流路を切り替えるものである。第1熱媒体流路切替装置22は、室内機2の設置台数に応じた個数(ここでは4つ)が設けられるようになっている。第1熱媒体流路切替装置22は、三方のうちの一つが熱媒体間熱交換器15aに、三方のうちの一つが熱媒体間熱交換器15bに、三方のうちの一つが熱媒体流量調整装置25に、それぞれ接続され、利用側熱交換器26の熱媒体流路の出口側に設けられている。なお、室内機2に対応させて、紙面下側から第1熱媒体流路切替装置22a、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22b、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22c、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22dとして図示している。 The four first heat medium flow switching devices 22 (the first heat medium flow switching device 22a to the first heat medium flow switching device 22d) are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the heat medium flow channels. Is. The first heat medium flow switching device 22 is provided in a number (here, four) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed. In the first heat medium flow switching device 22, one of the three sides is in the heat exchanger 15a, one of the three is in the heat exchanger 15b, and one of the three is in the heat medium flow rate. Each is connected to the adjusting device 25 and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, the first heat medium flow switching device 22c, and the first heat medium flow from the lower side of the drawing. This is illustrated as a switching device 22d.
 4つの第2熱媒体流路切替装置23(第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a~第2熱媒体流路切替装置23d)は、三方弁等で構成されており、熱媒体の流路を切り替えるものである。第2熱媒体流路切替装置23は、室内機2の設置台数に応じた個数(ここでは4つ)が設けられるようになっている。第2熱媒体流路切替装置23は、三方のうちの一つが熱媒体間熱交換器15aに、三方のうちの一つが熱媒体間熱交換器15bに、三方のうちの一つが利用側熱交換器26に、それぞれ接続され、利用側熱交換器26の熱媒体流路の入口側に設けられている。なお、室内機2に対応させて、紙面下側から第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23b、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23c、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23dとして図示している。 The four second heat medium flow switching devices 23 (second heat medium flow switching device 23a to second heat medium flow switching device 23d) are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the flow path of the heat medium. Is. The number of the second heat medium flow switching devices 23 is set according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (here, four). In the second heat medium flow switching device 23, one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 15a, one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 15b, and one of the three heat transfer side heats. The heat exchanger is connected to the exchanger 26 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the second heat medium flow switching device 23a, the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, the second heat medium flow switching device 23c, and the second heat medium flow from the lower side of the drawing. This is illustrated as a switching device 23d.
 4つの熱媒体流量調整装置25(熱媒体流量調整装置25a~熱媒体流量調整装置25d)は、開口面積を制御できる二方弁等で構成されており、配管5に流れる熱媒体の流量を調整するものである。熱媒体流量調整装置25は、室内機2の設置台数に応じた個数(ここでは4つ)が設けられるようになっている。熱媒体流量調整装置25は、一方が利用側熱交換器26に、他方が第1熱媒体流路切替装置22に、それぞれ接続され、利用側熱交換器26の熱媒体流路の出口側に設けられている。なお、室内機2に対応させて、紙面下側から熱媒体流量調整装置25a、熱媒体流量調整装置25b、熱媒体流量調整装置25c、熱媒体流量調整装置25dとして図示している。また、熱媒体流量調整装置25を利用側熱交換器26の熱媒体流路の入口側に設けてもよい。 The four heat medium flow control devices 25 (heat medium flow control device 25a to heat medium flow control device 25d) are composed of two-way valves or the like that can control the opening area, and adjust the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the pipe 5. To do. The number of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (four in this case). One of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 and the other is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 22, and is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium flow channel of the use side heat exchanger 26. Is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 a, the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 b, the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 c, and the heat medium flow adjustment device 25 d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing. Further, the heat medium flow control device 25 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
 また、熱媒体変換機3には、各種検出手段(2つの第1温度センサー31、4つの第2温度センサー34、4つの第3温度センサー35、圧力センサー36、及び、濃度検出装置39)が設けられている。これらの検出手段で検出された情報(たとえば、温度情報や圧力情報、熱源側冷媒の濃度情報)は、空気調和装置101の動作を統括制御する制御装置(図示省略)に送られ、圧縮機10の駆動周波数、熱源側熱交換器12及び利用側熱交換器26近傍に設けられる図示省略の送風機の回転数、第1冷媒流路切替装置11の切り替え、ポンプ21の駆動周波数、第2冷媒流路切替装置18の切り替え、第1遮断装置37の開閉、第2遮断装置38の開閉、熱媒体の流路の切替等の制御に利用されることになる。 Further, the heat medium converter 3 includes various detection means (two first temperature sensors 31, four second temperature sensors 34, four third temperature sensors 35, a pressure sensor 36, and a concentration detection device 39). Is provided. Information (for example, temperature information, pressure information, and heat source side refrigerant concentration information) detected by these detection means is sent to a control device (not shown) that performs overall control of the operation of the air conditioner 101, and the compressor 10 Drive frequency, heat source side heat exchanger 12 and utilization side heat exchanger 26 provided near the rotation speed of the blower (not shown), switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, pump 21 drive frequency, second refrigerant flow It is used for control of switching of the path switching device 18, opening and closing of the first blocking device 37, opening and closing of the second blocking device 38, switching of the flow path of the heat medium, and the like.
 2つの第1温度センサー31(第1温度センサー31a、第1温度センサー31b)は、熱媒体間熱交換器15から流出した熱媒体、つまり熱媒体間熱交換器15の出口における熱媒体の温度を検出するものであり、たとえばサーミスター等で構成するとよい。第1温度センサー31aは、ポンプ21aの入口側における配管5に設けられている。第1温度センサー31bは、ポンプ21bの入口側における配管5に設けられている。 The two first temperature sensors 31 (first temperature sensor 31 a and first temperature sensor 31 b) are the heat medium flowing out from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15. For example, a thermistor may be used. The first temperature sensor 31a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21a. The first temperature sensor 31b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21b.
 4つの第2温度センサー34(第2温度センサー34a~第2温度センサー34d)は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22と熱媒体流量調整装置25との間に設けられ、利用側熱交換器26から流出した熱媒体の温度を検出するものであり、サーミスター等で構成するとよい。第2温度センサー34は、室内機2の設置台数に応じた個数(ここでは4つ)が設けられるようになっている。なお、室内機2に対応させて、紙面下側から第2温度センサー34a、第2温度センサー34b、第2温度センサー34c、第2温度センサー34dとして図示している。 The four second temperature sensors 34 (second temperature sensor 34a to second temperature sensor 34d) are provided between the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the heat medium flow control device 25, and use side heat exchangers. The temperature of the heat medium that has flowed out of the heater 26 is detected, and it may be constituted by a thermistor or the like. The number of the second temperature sensors 34 (four here) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the second temperature sensor 34a, the second temperature sensor 34b, the second temperature sensor 34c, and the second temperature sensor 34d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
 4つの第3温度センサー35(第3温度センサー35a~第3温度センサー35d)は、熱媒体間熱交換器15の熱源側冷媒の入口側または出口側に設けられ、熱媒体間熱交換器15に流入する熱源側冷媒の温度または熱媒体間熱交換器15から流出した熱源側冷媒の温度を検出するものであり、サーミスター等で構成するとよい。第3温度センサー35aは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと第2冷媒流路切替装置18aとの間に設けられている。第3温度センサー35bは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと絞り装置16aとの間に設けられている。第3温度センサー35cは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと第2冷媒流路切替装置18bとの間に設けられている。第3温度センサー35dは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと絞り装置16bとの間に設けられている。 The four third temperature sensors 35 (third temperature sensor 35a to third temperature sensor 35d) are provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 The temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the heat source or the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is detected, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like. The third temperature sensor 35a is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a. The third temperature sensor 35b is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the expansion device 16a. The third temperature sensor 35c is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b. The third temperature sensor 35d is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b.
 圧力センサー36は、第3温度センサー35dの設置位置と同様に、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと絞り装置16bとの間に設けられ、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと絞り装置16bとの間を流れる熱源側冷媒の圧力を検出するものである。
 濃度検出装置39は、熱媒体変換機3内部の冷媒の濃度を検出するものである。
Similar to the installation position of the third temperature sensor 35d, the pressure sensor 36 is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b. The pressure of the flowing heat source side refrigerant is detected.
The concentration detection device 39 detects the concentration of the refrigerant inside the heat medium relay unit 3.
 また、図示省略の制御装置は、マイコン等で構成されており、各種検出手段での検出情報及びリモコンからの指示に基づいて、圧縮機10の駆動周波数、送風機の回転数(ON/OFF含む)、第1冷媒流路切替装置11の切り替え、ポンプ21の駆動、絞り装置16の開度、第1遮断装置37の開閉、第2遮断装置38の開閉、開閉装置17の開閉、第2冷媒流路切替装置18の切り替え、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22の切り替え、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23の切り替え、及び、熱媒体流量調整装置25の開度等を制御し、後述する各運転モードを実行するようになっている。なお、制御装置は、ユニット毎に設けてもよく、室外機1または熱媒体変換機3に設けてもよい。 The control device (not shown) is constituted by a microcomputer or the like, and based on detection information from various detection means and instructions from the remote controller, the driving frequency of the compressor 10 and the rotational speed of the blower (including ON / OFF) , Switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, driving of the pump 21, opening of the expansion device 16, opening and closing of the first blocking device 37, opening and closing of the second blocking device 38, opening and closing of the switching device 17, and second refrigerant flow The switching of the path switching device 18, the switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 23, the opening degree of the heat medium flow control device 25, and the like are controlled. The operation mode is executed. Note that the control device may be provided for each unit, or may be provided in the outdoor unit 1 or the heat medium relay unit 3.
 熱媒体を導通する配管5は、熱媒体間熱交換器15aに接続されるものと、熱媒体間熱交換器15bに接続されるものと、で構成されている。配管5は、熱媒体変換機3に接続される室内機2の台数に応じて分岐(ここでは、各4分岐)されている。そして、配管5は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22、及び、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23で接続されている。第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23を制御することで、熱媒体間熱交換器15aからの熱媒体を利用側熱交換器26に流入させるか、熱媒体間熱交換器15bからの熱媒体を利用側熱交換器26に流入させるかが決定されるようになっている。 The pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium is composed of one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. The pipe 5 is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 2 connected to the heat medium relay unit 3. The pipe 5 is connected by a first heat medium flow switching device 22 and a second heat medium flow switching device 23. By controlling the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, the heat medium from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, or the heat medium Whether the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows into the use side heat exchanger 26 is determined.
 そして、空気調和装置101では、圧縮機10、第1冷媒流路切替装置11、熱源側熱交換器12、第1遮断装置37、開閉装置17、第2冷媒流路切替装置18、熱媒体間熱交換器15aの冷媒流路、絞り装置16、第2遮断装置38、及び、アキュムレーター19を、冷媒配管4で接続して冷媒循環回路Aを構成している。また、熱媒体間熱交換器15aの熱媒体流路、ポンプ21、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22、熱媒体流量調整装置25、利用側熱交換器26、及び、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23を、配管5で接続して熱媒体循環回路Bを構成している。つまり、熱媒体間熱交換器15のそれぞれに複数台の利用側熱交換器26が並列に接続され、熱媒体循環回路Bを複数系統としているのである。 In the air conditioner 101, the compressor 10, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the first shut-off device 37, the opening / closing device 17, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18, and the heat medium. A refrigerant circuit A is configured by connecting the refrigerant flow path of the heat exchanger 15 a, the expansion device 16, the second shut-off device 38, and the accumulator 19 through the refrigerant pipe 4. Further, the heat medium flow path of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, the pump 21, the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the heat medium flow control device 25, the use side heat exchanger 26, and the second heat medium flow path. The switching device 23 is connected by a pipe 5 to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit B. That is, a plurality of usage-side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each of the heat exchangers between heat media 15, and the heat medium circulation circuit B has a plurality of systems.
 よって、空気調和装置101では、室外機1と熱媒体変換機3とが、熱媒体変換機3に設けられている熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bを介して接続され、熱媒体変換機3と室内機2とも、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bを介して接続されている。すなわち、空気調和装置101では、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bで冷媒循環回路Aを循環する熱源側冷媒と熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体とが熱交換するようになっている。 Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 101, the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b provided in the heat medium converter 3. The heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. That is, in the air conditioner 101, the heat source side refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B exchange heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the intermediate heat exchanger 15b. It is like that.
 また、空気調和装置101には、室外機1及び熱媒体変換機3の外側における冷媒配管4に第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38が設置されている。つまり、第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38は、熱媒体変換機3の出入口側に設けられている。第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38は、二方弁等で構成されており、冷媒配管4を開閉するものである。 In the air conditioner 101, a first shut-off device 37 and a second shut-off device 38 are installed in the refrigerant pipe 4 outside the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3. That is, the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are provided on the entrance / exit side of the heat medium relay unit 3. The first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are configured by a two-way valve or the like, and open and close the refrigerant pipe 4.
 空気調和装置101が実行する各運転モードについて説明する。この空気調和装置101は、各室内機2からの指示に基づいて、その室内機2で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置101は、室内機2の全部で同一運転をすることができるとともに、室内機2のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。 Each operation mode executed by the air conditioner 101 will be described. The air conditioner 101 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 2 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 2. That is, the air conditioning apparatus 101 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 2 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 2.
 空気調和装置101が実行する運転モードには、駆動している室内機2の全てが冷房運転を実行する全冷房運転モード、駆動している室内機2の全てが暖房運転を実行する全暖房運転モード、冷房負荷の方が大きい冷房暖房混在運転モードとしての冷房主体運転モード、及び、暖房負荷の方が大きい冷房暖房混在運転モードとしての暖房主体運転モードがある。以下に、各運転モードについて、熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体の流れとともに説明する。 The operation mode executed by the air conditioner 101 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a heating operation. There are a cooling main operation mode as a cooling / heating mixed operation mode with a larger mode and a cooling load, and a heating main operation mode as a cooling / heating mixed operation mode with a larger heating load. Below, each operation mode is demonstrated with the flow of a heat-source side refrigerant | coolant and a heat medium.
[全冷房運転モード]
 図7は、空気調和装置101の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図7では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図7では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の流れる配管を示している。また、図7では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
[Cooling operation mode]
FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the cooling only operation mode. In FIG. 7, the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b. In FIG. 7, the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flows. In FIG. 7, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
 図7に示す全冷房運転モードの場合、室外機1では、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を、圧縮機10から吐出された熱源側冷媒を熱源側熱交換器12へ流入させるように切り替える。熱媒体変換機3では、ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bを駆動させ、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bを開放し、熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉とし、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれと利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bとの間を熱媒体が循環するようにしている。 In the cooling only operation mode shown in FIG. 7, in the outdoor unit 1, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12. In the heat medium converter 3, the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. The heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
 まず始めに、冷媒循環回路Aにおける熱源側冷媒の流れについて説明する。
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を介して熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら超臨界状態で温度が低下した高圧の冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した高圧冷媒は、室外機1から流出し、冷媒配管4、第1遮断装置37を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高圧冷媒は、開閉装置17を経由した後に分岐されて絞り装置16a及び絞り装置16bで膨張させられて、低温・低圧の二相冷媒となる。なお、開閉装置17は開となっている。
First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit A will be described.
The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. And it becomes a high voltage | pressure refrigerant | coolant by which the temperature fell in the supercritical state, radiating heat to outdoor air with the heat source side heat exchanger 12. The high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the outdoor unit 1 and flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first shut-off device 37. The high-pressure refrigerant flowing into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched after passing through the opening / closing device 17 and is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. The opening / closing device 17 is open.
 この二相冷媒は、蒸発器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれに流入し、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体から吸熱することで、熱媒体を冷却しながら、低温・低圧のガス冷媒となる。熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出したガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)を介し、熱媒体変換機3から流出し、第2遮断装置38、冷媒配管4を通って再び室外機1へ流入する。室外機1に流入した冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11及びアキュムレーター19を介して、圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。 This two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit B. It becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling. The gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1). It flows out from the converter 3 and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the second blocking device 38 and the refrigerant pipe 4. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
 このとき、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)は開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)は閉となっている。第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)がともに閉となっているため、バイパス配管4d(第1遮断装置37と開閉装置17との間と、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)と、を接続し、熱媒体間熱交換器15をバイパス可能にした冷媒配管4)を通した冷媒の流れはない。ただし、バイパス配管4dの一端が高圧状態になっており、バイパス配管4dは高圧の熱源側冷媒で満たされている。 At this time, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) are opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b ( 2) is closed. Since both the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are closed, the bypass pipe 4d (between the first blocking device 37 and the opening / closing device 17) The second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are connected, and the refrigerant passing through the refrigerant pipe 4) that enables bypassing the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is connected. There is no flow. However, one end of the bypass pipe 4d is in a high pressure state, and the bypass pipe 4d is filled with a high-pressure heat source side refrigerant.
 また、絞り装置16aは、第3温度センサー35aで検出された温度と第3温度センサー35bで検出された温度との差として得られるスーパーヒート(過熱度)が一定になるように開度が制御される。同様に、絞り装置16bは、第3温度センサー35cで検出された温度と第3温度センサー35dで検出された温度との差として得られるスーパーヒートが一定になるように開度が制御される。 Further, the opening degree of the expansion device 16a is controlled so that the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant. Is done. Similarly, the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35c and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant.
 次に、熱媒体循環回路Bにおける熱媒体の流れについて説明する。
 全冷房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方で熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21a及びポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行なう。
Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
In the cooling only operation mode, the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the cooled heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b. The inside will be allowed to flow. The heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b. The heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
 それから、熱媒体は、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bから流出して熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bに流入する。このとき、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bの作用によって熱媒体の流量が室内にて必要とされる空調負荷を賄うのに必要な流量に制御されて利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入するようになっている。熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bから流出した熱媒体は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22a及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bへ流入し、再びポンプ21a及びポンプ21bへ吸い込まれる。 Then, the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b. At this time, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
 なお、利用側熱交換器26の配管5内では、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23から熱媒体流量調整装置25を経由して第1熱媒体流路切替装置22へ至る向きに熱媒体が流れている。また、室内空間7にて必要とされる空調負荷は、第1温度センサー31aで検出された温度、あるいは、第1温度センサー31bで検出された温度と第2温度センサー34で検出された温度との差を目標値として保つように制御することにより、賄うことができる。熱媒体間熱交換器15の出口温度は、第1温度センサー31aまたは第1温度センサー31bのどちらの温度を使用してもよいし、これらの平均温度を使用してもよい。このとき、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23は、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方へ流れる流路が確保されるように、中間的な開度にしている。 In the pipe 5 of the use side heat exchanger 26, the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25. Flowing. The air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. By controlling so as to keep the difference between the two as a target value, it can be covered. As the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, either the temperature of the first temperature sensor 31a or the first temperature sensor 31b may be used, or the average temperature thereof may be used. At this time, the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. In addition, the intermediate opening is set.
 全冷房運転モードを実行する際、熱負荷のない利用側熱交換器26(サーモオフを含む)へは熱媒体を流す必要がないため、熱媒体流量調整装置25により流路を閉じて、利用側熱交換器26へ熱媒体が流れないようにする。図8においては、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bにおいては熱負荷があるため熱媒体を流しているが、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dにおいては熱負荷がなく、対応する熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉としている。そして、利用側熱交換器26cや利用側熱交換器26dから熱負荷の発生があった場合には、熱媒体流量調整装置25cや熱媒体流量調整装置25dを開放し、熱媒体を循環させればよい。 When the cooling only operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load. The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 26. In FIG. 8, a heat medium is flowing because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed. The corresponding heat medium flow control device 25c and heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. When a heat load is generated from the use side heat exchanger 26c or the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat medium flow control device 25c or the heat medium flow control device 25d is opened to circulate the heat medium. That's fine.
[全暖房運転モード]
 図8は、空気調和装置101の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図8では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図8では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の流れる配管を示している。また、図8では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
[Heating operation mode]
FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the heating only operation mode. In FIG. 8, the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b. In FIG. 8, the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flows. In FIG. 8, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
 図8に示す全暖房運転モードの場合、室外機1では、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を、圧縮機10から吐出された熱源側冷媒を熱源側熱交換器12を経由させずに熱媒体変換機3へ流入させるように切り替える。熱媒体変換機3では、ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bを駆動させ、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bを開放し、熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉とし、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれと利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bとの間を熱媒体が循環するようにしている。 In the heating only operation mode shown in FIG. 8, in the outdoor unit 1, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3. In the heat medium converter 3, the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. The heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
 まず始めに、冷媒循環回路Aにおける熱源側冷媒の流れについて説明する。
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、室外機1から流出する。室外機1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4、第2遮断装置38を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、分岐されて第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)を通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれに流入する。
First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit A will be described.
The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and flows out of the outdoor unit 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1), and heat between the heat media. It flows into each of the exchanger 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
 熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら超臨界状態で温度が低下した高圧の冷媒となる。熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した液冷媒は、絞り装置16a及び絞り装置16bで膨張させられて、低温・低圧の二相冷媒となる。この二相冷媒は、開閉装置17を通って、熱媒体変換機3から流出し、冷媒配管4、第1遮断装置37を通って再び室外機1へ流入する。なお、開閉装置17は開となっている。 The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is a high-pressure gas whose temperature has dropped in a supercritical state while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B. Becomes a refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. The two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat medium relay unit 3 through the opening / closing device 17, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first shut-off device 37. The opening / closing device 17 is open.
 室外機1に流入した冷媒は、蒸発器として作用する熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12に流入した冷媒は、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気から吸熱して、低温・低圧のガス冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した低温・低圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11及びアキュムレーター19を介して圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。 The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator. And the refrigerant | coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
 このとき、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)は開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)は閉となっている。第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)と第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)がともに閉となっているため、バイパス配管4dを通した冷媒の流れはない。ただし、バイパス配管4dの一端が低圧の二相管になっており、バイパス配管4dは低圧の冷媒で満たされている。 At this time, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) are opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b ( 2) is closed. Since both the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) are closed, there is no refrigerant flow through the bypass pipe 4d. However, one end of the bypass pipe 4d is a low-pressure two-phase pipe, and the bypass pipe 4d is filled with a low-pressure refrigerant.
 また、絞り装置16aは、圧力センサー36で検出された圧力を飽和温度に換算した値と第3温度センサー35bで検出された温度との差として得られるサブクール(過冷却度)が一定になるように開度が制御される。同様に、絞り装置16bは、圧力センサー36で検出された圧力を飽和温度に換算した値と第3温度センサー35dで検出された温度との差として得られるサブクールが一定になるように開度が制御される。なお、熱媒体間熱交換器15の中間位置の温度が測定できる場合は、その中間位置での温度を圧力センサー36の代わりに用いてもよく、安価にシステムを構成できる。 Further, the expansion device 16a has a constant subcool (degree of subcooling) obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b. The opening degree is controlled. Similarly, the expansion device 16b has an opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. Be controlled. When the temperature at the intermediate position of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 can be measured, the temperature at the intermediate position may be used instead of the pressure sensor 36, and the system can be configured at low cost.
 次に、熱媒体循環回路Bにおける熱媒体の流れについて説明する。
 全暖房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方で熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21a及びポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。
Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
In the heating only operation mode, the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger 15a and the heat exchanger 15b, and the heated heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b. The inside will be allowed to flow. The heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b. The heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
 それから、熱媒体は、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bから流出して熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bに流入する。このとき、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bの作用によって熱媒体の流量が室内にて必要とされる空調負荷を賄うのに必要な流量に制御されて利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入するようになっている。熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bから流出した熱媒体は、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22a及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bへ流入し、再びポンプ21a及びポンプ21bへ吸い込まれる。 Then, the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b. At this time, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
 なお、利用側熱交換器26の配管5内では、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23から熱媒体流量調整装置25を経由して第1熱媒体流路切替装置22へ至る向きに熱媒体が流れている。また、室内空間7にて必要とされる空調負荷は、第1温度センサー31aで検出された温度、あるいは、第1温度センサー31bで検出された温度と第2温度センサー34で検出された温度との差を目標値として保つように制御することにより、賄うことができる。熱媒体間熱交換器15の出口温度は、第1温度センサー31aまたは第1温度センサー31bのどちらの温度を使用してもよいし、これらの平均温度を使用してもよい。 In the pipe 5 of the use side heat exchanger 26, the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25. Flowing. The air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. By controlling so as to keep the difference between the two as a target value, it can be covered. As the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, either the temperature of the first temperature sensor 31a or the first temperature sensor 31b may be used, or the average temperature thereof may be used.
 このとき、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23は、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方へ流れる流路が確保されるように、中間的な開度にしている。また、本来、利用側熱交換器26aは、その入口と出口の温度差で制御すべきであるが、利用側熱交換器26の入口側の熱媒体温度は、第1温度センサー31bで検出された温度とほとんど同じ温度であり、第1温度センサー31bを使用することにより温度センサーの数を減らすことができ、安価にシステムを構成できる。 At this time, the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. In addition, the intermediate opening is set. In addition, the usage-side heat exchanger 26a should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 26 is detected by the first temperature sensor 31b. By using the first temperature sensor 31b, the number of temperature sensors can be reduced and the system can be configured at low cost.
 全暖房運転モードを実行する際、熱負荷のない利用側熱交換器26(サーモオフを含む)へは熱媒体を流す必要がないため、熱媒体流量調整装置25により流路を閉じて、利用側熱交換器26へ熱媒体が流れないようにする。図9においては、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bにおいては熱負荷があるため熱媒体を流しているが、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dにおいては熱負荷がなく、対応する熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉としている。そして、利用側熱交換器26cや利用側熱交換器26dから熱負荷の発生があった場合には、熱媒体流量調整装置25cや熱媒体流量調整装置25dを開放し、熱媒体を循環させればよい。 When the heating only operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load. The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 26. In FIG. 9, since there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, a heat medium is passed, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load The corresponding heat medium flow control device 25c and heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. When a heat load is generated from the use side heat exchanger 26c or the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat medium flow control device 25c or the heat medium flow control device 25d is opened to circulate the heat medium. That's fine.
[冷房主体運転モード]
 図9は、空気調和装置101の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図9では、利用側熱交換器26aで冷熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に冷房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図9では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示している。また、図9では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
[Cooling operation mode]
FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the cooling main operation mode. In FIG. 9, the cooling main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b. In FIG. 9, a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. In FIG. 9, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
 図9に示す冷房主体運転モードの場合、室外機1では、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を、圧縮機10から吐出された熱源側冷媒を熱源側熱交換器12へ流入させるように切り替える。熱媒体変換機3では、ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bを駆動させ、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bを開放し、熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉とし、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと利用側熱交換器26aとの間を、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと利用側熱交換器26bとの間を、それぞれ熱媒体が循環するようにしている。 In the cooling main operation mode shown in FIG. 9, in the outdoor unit 1, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12. In the heat medium converter 3, the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. The heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use side heat exchanger 26a, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
 まず始めに、冷媒循環回路Aにおける熱源側冷媒の流れについて説明する。
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を介して熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら超臨界状態で温度が低下した冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した冷媒は、室外機1から流出し、冷媒配管4、第1遮断装置37を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した冷媒は、バイパス配管4d及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)を通って凝縮器(ガスクーラー)として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。
First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit A will be described.
The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. And it becomes the refrigerant | coolant which temperature fell in the supercritical state, radiating heat | fever to outdoor air with the heat source side heat exchanger 12. FIG. The refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the outdoor unit 1 and flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the first blocking device 37. The refrigerant flowing into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as a condenser (gas cooler) through the bypass pipe 4d and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2).
 熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入した冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら、さらに温度が低下した冷媒となる。熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した冷媒は、絞り装置16bで膨張させられて低圧二相冷媒となる。この低圧二相冷媒は、絞り装置16aを介して蒸発器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入する。熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入した低圧二相冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体から吸熱することで、熱媒体を冷却しながら、低圧のガス冷媒となる。このガス冷媒は、熱媒体間熱交換器15aから流出し、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)を介して熱媒体変換機3から流出し、冷媒配管4、第2遮断装置38を通って再び室外機1へ流入する。室外機1に流入した冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11及びアキュムレーター19を介して、圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。 The refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b becomes a refrigerant whose temperature is further lowered while radiating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B. The refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a. The low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium. This gas refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1), passes through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38. Then flows into the outdoor unit 1 again. The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
 このとき、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)は開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)は閉、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)は閉、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)は開となっている。第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)が閉、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)が開となっているため、バイパス配管4dの内部には高圧冷媒が流れており、バイパス配管4dは高圧の熱源側冷媒で満たされている。 At this time, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) is opened, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is closed, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) is closed, and the second refrigerant flow switching. The switching device 18b (2) is open. Since the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is closed and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) is opened, the high-pressure refrigerant flows inside the bypass pipe 4d, and the bypass pipe 4d. Is filled with high-pressure heat-source-side refrigerant.
 また、絞り装置16bは、第3温度センサー35aで検出された温度と第3温度センサー35bで検出された温度との差として得られるスーパーヒートが一定になるように開度が制御される。また、絞り装置16aは全開、開閉装置17は閉となっている。なお、絞り装置16bは、圧力センサー36で検出された圧力を飽和温度に換算した値と第3温度センサー35dで検出された温度との差として得られるサブクールが一定になるように開度を制御してもよい。また、絞り装置16bを全開とし、絞り装置16aでスーパーヒートまたはサブクールを制御するようにしてもよい。 Further, the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant. Further, the expansion device 16a is fully opened, and the opening / closing device 17 is closed. The expansion device 16b controls the opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. May be. Alternatively, the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the superheat or subcool may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
 次に、熱媒体循環回路Bにおける熱媒体の流れについて説明する。
 冷房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、冷房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
In the cooling main operation mode, the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b. In the cooling main operation mode, the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a. The heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
 利用側熱交換器26bでは熱媒体が室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。また、利用側熱交換器26aでは熱媒体が室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行なう。このとき、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bの作用によって熱媒体の流量が室内にて必要とされる空調負荷を賄うのに必要な流量に制御されて利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入するようになっている。利用側熱交換器26bを通過し若干温度が低下した熱媒体は、熱媒体流量調整装置25b及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15bへ流入し、再びポンプ21bへ吸い込まれる。利用側熱交換器26aを通過し若干温度が上昇した熱媒体は、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22aを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15aへ流入し、再びポンプ21aへ吸い込まれる。 In the use side heat exchanger 26b, the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7. In the use-side heat exchanger 26a, the indoor space 7 is cooled by the heat medium absorbing heat from the indoor air. At this time, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21b. The heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21a.
 この間、暖かい熱媒体と冷たい熱媒体とは、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23の作用により、混合することなく、それぞれ温熱負荷、冷熱負荷がある利用側熱交換器26へ導入される。なお、利用側熱交換器26の配管5内では、暖房側、冷房側ともに、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23から熱媒体流量調整装置25を経由して第1熱媒体流路切替装置22へ至る向きに熱媒体が流れている。また、室内空間7にて必要とされる空調負荷は、暖房側においては第1温度センサー31bで検出された温度と第2温度センサー34で検出された温度との差を、冷房側においては第2温度センサー34で検出された温度と第1温度センサー31aで検出された温度との差を目標値として保つように制御することにより、賄うことができる。 During this time, the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26. In the pipe 5 of the use side heat exchanger 26, the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side. The heat medium is flowing in the direction to The air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a as a target value.
 冷房主体運転モードを実行する際、熱負荷のない利用側熱交換器26(サーモオフを含む)へは熱媒体を流す必要がないため、熱媒体流量調整装置25により流路を閉じて、利用側熱交換器26へ熱媒体が流れないようにする。図10においては、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bにおいては熱負荷があるため熱媒体を流しているが、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dにおいては熱負荷がなく、対応する熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉としている。そして、利用側熱交換器26cや利用側熱交換器26dから熱負荷の発生があった場合には、熱媒体流量調整装置25cや熱媒体流量調整装置25dを開放し、熱媒体を循環させればよい。 When executing the cooling main operation mode, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load, so the flow path is closed by the heat medium flow control device 25 and the use side The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 26. In FIG. 10, a heat medium is flowing because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed. The corresponding heat medium flow control device 25c and heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. When a heat load is generated from the use side heat exchanger 26c or the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat medium flow control device 25c or the heat medium flow control device 25d is opened to circulate the heat medium. That's fine.
[暖房主体運転モード]
 図10は、空気調和装置101の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図10では、利用側熱交換器26aで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図10では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示している。また、図10では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
[Heating main operation mode]
FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 101 is in the heating main operation mode. In FIG. 10, the heating main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b. In addition, in FIG. 10, the piping represented with the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant | coolant (a heat source side refrigerant | coolant and a heat medium) circulates. Further, in FIG. 10, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
 図10に示す暖房主体運転モードの場合、室外機1では、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を、圧縮機10から吐出された熱源側冷媒を熱源側熱交換器12を経由させずに熱媒体変換機3へ流入させるように切り替える。熱媒体変換機3では、ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bを駆動させ、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bを開放し、熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉とし、熱媒体間熱交換器15aと利用側熱交換器26bとの間を、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと利用側熱交換器26aとの間を、それぞれ熱媒体が循環するようにしている。 In the heating-main operation mode shown in FIG. 10, in the outdoor unit 1, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3. In the heat medium converter 3, the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. The heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26a.
 まず始めに、冷媒循環回路Aにおける熱源側冷媒の流れについて説明する。
 低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、室外機1から流出する。室外機1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4、第2遮断装置38を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)を通って凝縮器(ガスクーラー)として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。
First, the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit A will be described.
The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and flows out of the outdoor unit 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4 and the second shut-off device 38. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that acts as a condenser (gas cooler) through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1).
 熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入したガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら超臨界状態で温度が低下した冷媒となる。熱媒体間熱交換器15bから流出した冷媒は、絞り装置16bで膨張させられて低圧二相冷媒となる。この低圧二相冷媒は、絞り装置16aを介して蒸発器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入する。熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入した低圧二相冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体から吸熱することで蒸発し、熱媒体を冷却する。この低圧二相冷媒は、熱媒体間熱交換器15aから流出し、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)及びバイパス配管4dを介し、熱媒体変換機3から流出し、冷媒配管4、第1遮断装置37を通って再び室外機1へ流入する。 The gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b becomes a refrigerant whose temperature is lowered in a supercritical state while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B. The refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a. The low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, thereby cooling the heat medium. This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) and the bypass pipe 4d, and flows into the refrigerant pipe 4, It flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the 1 blocking device 37.
 室外機1に流入した冷媒は、蒸発器として作用する熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12に流入した冷媒は、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気から吸熱して、低温・低圧のガス冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した低温・低圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11及びアキュムレーター19を介して圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。 The refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator. And the refrigerant | coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant. The low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
 このとき、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(1)は閉、第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)は開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(1)は開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)は閉となっている。第2冷媒流路切替装置18a(2)が開、第2冷媒流路切替装置18b(2)が閉となっているため、バイパス配管4dの内部には低圧二層冷媒が流れており、バイパス配管4dは低圧の熱源側冷媒で満たされている。 At this time, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (1) is closed, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is opened, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (1) is opened, and the second refrigerant flow switching The switching device 18b (2) is closed. Since the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a (2) is open and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b (2) is closed, the low-pressure two-layer refrigerant flows inside the bypass pipe 4d. The pipe 4d is filled with a low-pressure heat source side refrigerant.
 また、絞り装置16bは、圧力センサー36で検出された圧力を飽和温度に換算した値と第3温度センサー35bで検出された温度との差として得られるサブクールが一定になるように開度が制御される。また、絞り装置16aは全開、開閉装置17は閉となっている。なお、絞り装置16bを全開とし、絞り装置16aでサブクールを制御するようにしてもよい。 Further, the opening of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b is constant. Is done. Further, the expansion device 16a is fully opened, and the opening / closing device 17 is closed. Note that the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the subcooling may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
 次に、熱媒体循環回路Bにおける熱媒体の流れについて説明する。
 暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
Next, the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
In the heating main operation mode, the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b. In the heating main operation mode, the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a. The heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
 利用側熱交換器26bでは熱媒体が室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行なう。また、利用側熱交換器26aでは熱媒体が室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。このとき、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び熱媒体流量調整装置25bの作用によって熱媒体の流量が室内にて必要とされる空調負荷を賄うのに必要な流量に制御されて利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入するようになっている。利用側熱交換器26bを通過し若干温度が上昇した熱媒体は、熱媒体流量調整装置25b及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15aに流入し、再びポンプ21aへ吸い込まれる。利用側熱交換器26aを通過し若干温度が低下した熱媒体は、熱媒体流量調整装置25a及び第1熱媒体流路切替装置22aを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15bへ流入し、再びポンプ21bへ吸い込まれる。 In the use side heat exchanger 26b, the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air, thereby cooling the indoor space 7. Moreover, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7. At this time, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. The heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21a. The heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21b.
 この間、暖かい熱媒体と冷たい熱媒体とは、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23の作用により、混合することなく、それぞれ温熱負荷、冷熱負荷がある利用側熱交換器26へ導入される。なお、利用側熱交換器26の配管5内では、暖房側、冷房側ともに、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23から熱媒体流量調整装置25を経由して第1熱媒体流路切替装置22へ至る向きに熱媒体が流れている。また、室内空間7にて必要とされる空調負荷は、暖房側においては第1温度センサー31bで検出された温度と第2温度センサー34で検出された温度との差を、冷房側においては第2温度センサー34で検出された温度と第1温度センサー31aで検出された温度との差を目標値として保つように制御することにより、賄うことができる。 During this time, the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26. In the pipe 5 of the use side heat exchanger 26, the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side. The heat medium is flowing in the direction to The air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a as a target value.
 暖房主体運転モードを実行する際、熱負荷のない利用側熱交換器26(サーモオフを含む)へは熱媒体を流す必要がないため、熱媒体流量調整装置25により流路を閉じて、利用側熱交換器26へ熱媒体が流れないようにする。図7においては、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bにおいては熱負荷があるため熱媒体を流しているが、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dにおいては熱負荷がなく、対応する熱媒体流量調整装置25c及び熱媒体流量調整装置25dを全閉としている。そして、利用側熱交換器26cや利用側熱交換器26dから熱負荷の発生があった場合には、熱媒体流量調整装置25cや熱媒体流量調整装置25dを開放し、熱媒体を循環させればよい。 When the heating main operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (including the thermo-off) without the heat load, so the flow path is closed by the heat medium flow control device 25 and the use side The heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 26. In FIG. 7, a heat medium flows because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b. However, in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed. The corresponding heat medium flow control device 25c and heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed. When a heat load is generated from the use side heat exchanger 26c or the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat medium flow control device 25c or the heat medium flow control device 25d is opened to circulate the heat medium. That's fine.
 第1遮断装置37、第2遮断装置38、及び、濃度検出装置39の構成及び動作は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の第1遮断装置303、第2遮断装置304、及び、濃度検出装置305と、それぞれ同様である。また、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置101における電気の駆動方式、最低作動圧力差、漏れ量等の基本仕様は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100と同じである。なお、濃度検出装置39は、停電時時や濃度検出装置39に商用電源から電力が供給されない場合も想定し、電池で稼動できるものを使用するとさらに安全性が向上する。 The configurations and operations of the first blocking device 37, the second blocking device 38, and the concentration detecting device 39 are the same as the first blocking device 303, the second blocking device 304, and the concentration of the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1. This is the same as the detection device 305. The basic specifications of the air conditioning apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment, such as the electric drive system, the minimum operating pressure difference, and the leakage amount, are the same as those of the air conditioning apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. Note that the concentration detection device 39 is further improved in safety by using a battery that can be operated by a battery, assuming that power is not supplied from the commercial power source to the concentration detection device 39 during a power failure.
 熱媒体変換機3に設置されている濃度検出装置39で所定濃度0.007[kg/m3]の二酸化炭素を検知した場合、熱媒体変換機3から冷媒漏れが発生したと判断し、濃度検出装置39のスイッチがOFFされ、第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38への通電を止める。その結果、第1遮断装置37及び第2遮断装置38は閉状態になり、冷媒配管4を伝って、室外機1から流れ込んでくる冷媒を遮断することができ、室内への冷媒漏れを防止することができる。 When the concentration detector 39 installed in the heat medium relay 3 detects carbon dioxide with a predetermined concentration of 0.007 [kg / m 3 ], it is determined that refrigerant leakage has occurred from the heat medium relay 3, and the concentration The switch of the detection device 39 is turned off, and the energization to the first cutoff device 37 and the second cutoff device 38 is stopped. As a result, the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are closed, and the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor unit 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4 can be shut off, thereby preventing the refrigerant from leaking into the room. be able to.
 第1遮断装置37、第2遮断装置38を取り付ける位置L[m]は、実施の形態1と同じように、熱媒体変換機3の容積、熱媒体変換機3に接続されている冷媒配管4の容積から決定される。間接方式での第1遮断装置37、第2遮断装置38の取り付け位置L[m]は、下記式2から求めることができる。 As in the first embodiment, the position L [m] to which the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 are attached is the volume of the heat medium converter 3 and the refrigerant pipe 4 connected to the heat medium converter 3. Determined from the volume. The attachment position L [m] of the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 in the indirect method can be obtained from the following formula 2.
式(2)
(熱媒体変換機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])+(熱媒体変換機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])<0.07[kg/m3
 なお、室内容積とは、熱媒体変換機3が設置される空間の容積を表している。
Formula (2)
(Heat medium converter connection pipe volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / Indoor volume [m 3 ]) + (Heat medium converter volume × Average refrigerant density [kg / m] 3 ] / indoor volume [m 3 ]) <0.07 [kg / m 3 ]
In addition, the indoor volume represents the volume of the space where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed.
 なお、実施の形態2では、濃度検出装置39が熱媒体変換機3の内部に設けられている場合を例に示しているが、設置位置をこの位置に限定するものではない。たとえば、濃度検出装置39を熱媒体変換機3内に設置せずに、熱媒体変換機3が設置されている空間に設けるようにしてもよい。つまり、濃度検出装置39の設置目的は、人が存在する空間の冷媒濃度を検出することであるため、熱媒体変換機3が設置されている空間の任意の場所に設置されていればよいのである。また、たとえば、リモコン(図示省略)に濃度検出装置39を組み込んでもよい。 In the second embodiment, the case where the concentration detection device 39 is provided inside the heat medium relay unit 3 is shown as an example, but the installation position is not limited to this position. For example, the concentration detector 39 may be provided in a space where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed without being installed in the heat medium relay unit 3. That is, since the installation purpose of the concentration detection device 39 is to detect the refrigerant concentration in the space where a person exists, it may be installed in any place in the space where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed. is there. Further, for example, the concentration detection device 39 may be incorporated in a remote controller (not shown).
 また、可燃性を有する冷媒を用いた場合等は、下記式(4)から求められるL[m]の位置に第1遮断装置37、第2遮断装置38を設ければ良い。
式(4)
(熱媒体変換機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])+(熱媒体変換機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])=2.5×(下限可燃濃度[kg/m3])1.25×h[m]×(部屋の床面積[m2])0.5
 なお、式(4)において、hは熱媒体変換機3が設置される位置で決定される(下記参照)。たとえば、床置の場合におけるhは0.6[m]、窓取の場合におけるhは1.0[m]、壁掛の場合におけるhは1.8[m]、天井の場合におけるhは2.2[m]である。
Further, when a flammable refrigerant is used, the first shut-off device 37 and the second shut-off device 38 may be provided at the position of L [m] obtained from the following formula (4).
Formula (4)
(Heat medium converter connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) + (Heat medium converter volume × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) = 2.5 × (lower limit flammable concentration [kg / m 3 ]) 1.25 × h [m] × (room floor area [m 2 ]) 0.5
In Expression (4), h is determined at the position where the heat medium relay unit 3 is installed (see below). For example, h in the case of flooring is 0.6 [m], h in the case of a window is 1.0 [m], h in the case of wall hanging is 1.8 [m], and h in the case of ceiling is 2 .2 [m].
[冷媒配管4]
 以上説明したように、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置101は、幾つかの運転モードを具備している。これらの運転モードにおいては、室外機1と熱媒体変換機3とを接続する冷媒配管4には熱源側冷媒が流れている。
[Refrigerant piping 4]
As described above, the air-conditioning apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 has several operation modes. In these operation modes, the heat source side refrigerant flows through the refrigerant pipe 4 that connects the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3.
[配管5]
 実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置101が実行する幾つかの運転モードにおいては、熱媒体変換機3と室内機2を接続する配管5には水や不凍液等の熱媒体が流れている。
[Piping 5]
In some operation modes executed by the air-conditioning apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2, a heat medium such as water or antifreeze flows through the pipe 5 connecting the heat medium converter 3 and the indoor unit 2.
[熱源側冷媒]
 熱源側冷媒としては、地球温暖化係数が比較的小さい値とされている二酸化炭素(CO)を用いた場合を例に説明したが、超臨界状態に遷移する他の単一冷媒や混合冷媒を熱源側冷媒として用いてもよい。たとえば、二酸化炭素とジエチルエーテルとの混合物を熱源側冷媒として用いることができる。
[Heat source side refrigerant]
The case where carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which has a relatively low global warming potential, is used as the heat source-side refrigerant. However, other single refrigerants or mixed refrigerants that transition to a supercritical state have been described. May be used as the heat source side refrigerant. For example, a mixture of carbon dioxide and diethyl ether can be used as the heat source side refrigerant.
[熱媒体]
 熱媒体としては、たとえばブライン(不凍液)や水、ブラインと水の混合液、水と防食効果が高い添加剤の混合液等を用いることができる。したがって、空気調和装置101においては、熱媒体が室内機2を介して室内空間7に漏洩したとしても、熱媒体に安全性の高いものを使用しているため安全性の向上に寄与することになる。
[Heat medium]
As the heat medium, for example, brine (antifreeze), water, a mixed solution of brine and water, a mixed solution of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 101, even if the heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 2, it contributes to the improvement of safety because a highly safe heat medium is used. Become.
 以上説明したような構成を採用した空気調和装置101は、冷媒回路(冷媒循環回路A)からの冷媒漏れを検知することが可能となり、安全性を大きく向上させたものとなる。また、空気調和装置101は、冷媒に超臨界状態に遷移するものを使用しているので、環境負荷を小さくすることができる。 The air-conditioning apparatus 101 employing the configuration as described above can detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit (refrigerant circulation circuit A), and greatly improves safety. Moreover, since the air conditioning apparatus 101 uses what changes to a supercritical state for a refrigerant | coolant, it can reduce environmental impact.
 実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置101においては、バイパス配管4d内は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11の切替状態によって、圧力状態が異なったものとなり、高圧冷媒と低圧冷媒のいずれかで満たされる。 In the air conditioning apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2, the pressure in the bypass pipe 4d varies depending on the switching state of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, and is filled with either the high-pressure refrigerant or the low-pressure refrigerant. It is.
 また、冷房主体運転モードと暖房主体運転モードにおいて、熱媒体間熱交換器15bと熱媒体間熱交換器15aの状態(加熱または冷却)が変化すると、今まで温水だったものが冷やされて冷水になり、冷水だったものが温められて温水になり、エネルギーの無駄が発生する。そこで、空気調和装置101では、冷房主体運転モード及び暖房主体運転モードのいずれにおいても、常に、熱媒体間熱交換器15bが暖房側、熱媒体間熱交換器15aが冷房側となるように構成している。 Further, in the cooling main operation mode and the heating main operation mode, when the state (heating or cooling) of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is changed, the water that has been used up to now is cooled down. As a result, cold water is heated to become hot water, resulting in wasted energy. Therefore, the air conditioner 101 is configured so that the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is always on the heating side and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is on the cooling side in both the cooling main operation mode and the heating main operation mode. is doing.
 さらに、利用側熱交換器26にて暖房負荷と冷房負荷とが混在して発生している場合は、暖房運転を行なっている利用側熱交換器26に対応する第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23を加熱用の熱媒体間熱交換器15bに接続される流路へ切り替え、冷房運転を行なっている利用側熱交換器26に対応する第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23を冷却用の熱媒体間熱交換器15aに接続される流路へ切り替えることにより、各室内機2にて、暖房運転、冷房運転を自由に行なうことができる。 Further, when the heating load and the cooling load are mixed in the use side heat exchanger 26, the first heat medium flow switching device corresponding to the use side heat exchanger 26 performing the heating operation. 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 are switched to flow paths connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b for heating, and the first heat medium corresponding to the use side heat exchanger 26 performing the cooling operation By switching the flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 to a flow path connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a for cooling, in each indoor unit 2, heating operation and cooling operation are performed. It can be done freely.
 なお、実施の形態2で説明した第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23は、三方弁等の三方流路を切り替えられるもの、開閉弁等の二方流路の開閉を行なうものを2つ組み合わせる等、流路を切り替えられるものであればよい。また、ステッピングモーター駆動式の混合弁等の三方流路の流量を変化させられるもの、電子式膨張弁等の二方流路の流量を変化させられるものを2つ組み合わせる等して第1熱媒体流路切替装置22及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23として用いてもよい。この場合は、流路の突然の開閉によるウォーターハンマーを防ぐこともできる。さらに、実施の形態2では、熱媒体流量調整装置25が二方弁である場合を例に説明を行なったが、三方流路を持つ制御弁とし利用側熱交換器26をバイパスするバイパス管と共に設置するようにしてもよい。 The first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 described in the second embodiment can switch a three-way flow such as a three-way valve, or a two-way flow such as an on-off valve. What is necessary is just to switch a flow path, such as combining two things which perform opening and closing of. In addition, the first heat medium can be obtained by combining two things such as a stepping motor drive type mixing valve that can change the flow rate of the three-way flow path and two things that can change the flow rate of the two-way flow path such as an electronic expansion valve. The flow path switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 23 may be used. In this case, it is possible to prevent water hammer due to sudden opening and closing of the flow path. Further, in the second embodiment, the case where the heat medium flow control device 25 is a two-way valve has been described as an example, but with a bypass pipe that bypasses the use-side heat exchanger 26 as a control valve having a three-way flow path. You may make it install.
 また、熱媒体流量調整装置25は、ステッピングモーター駆動式で流路を流れる流量を制御できるものを使用するとよく、二方弁でも三方弁の一端を閉止したものでもよい。また、熱媒体流量調整装置25として、開閉弁等の二法流路の開閉を行うものを用い、ON/OFFを繰り返して平均的な流量を制御するようにしてもよい。 Also, the heat medium flow control device 25 may be a stepping motor driven type that can control the flow rate flowing through the flow path, and may be a two-way valve or a one-way valve with one end closed. Further, as the heat medium flow control device 25, a device that opens and closes a two-way flow path such as an open / close valve may be used, and the average flow rate may be controlled by repeating ON / OFF.
 また、第2冷媒流路切替装置18が二方流路切替弁であるかのように示したが、これに限るものではなく、三方流路切替弁を複数個用い、同じように冷媒が流れるように構成してもよい。また、四方弁を用いて第2冷媒流路切替装置18を構成するようにしてもよい。 In addition, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 is shown as if it is a two-way flow switching valve. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of three-way flow switching valves are used and the refrigerant flows in the same manner. You may comprise as follows. Further, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18 may be configured using a four-way valve.
 実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置101は、冷房暖房混在運転ができるものとして説明をしてきたが、これに限定するものではない。たとえば、熱媒体間熱交換器15及び絞り装置16がそれぞれ1つで、それらに複数の利用側熱交換器26と熱媒体流量調整装置25が並列に接続され、冷房運転か暖房運転のいずれかしか行なえない構成であっても同様の効果を奏する。 Although the air-conditioning apparatus 101 according to Embodiment 2 has been described as being capable of mixed cooling and heating operation, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, there is one heat exchanger 15 between the heat medium and one expansion device 16, and a plurality of use side heat exchangers 26 and heat medium flow control devices 25 are connected in parallel to either the cooling operation or the heating operation. Even in a configuration that can only be performed, the same effect can be obtained.
 また、利用側熱交換器26と熱媒体流量調整装置25とが1つしか接続されていない場合でも同様のことが成り立つのは言うまでもなく、更に熱媒体間熱交換器15及び絞り装置16として、同じ動きをするものが複数個設置されていても、当然問題ない。さらに、熱媒体流量調整装置25は、熱媒体変換機3に内蔵されている場合を例に説明したが、これに限るものではなく、室内機2に内蔵されていてもよく、熱媒体変換機3と室内機2とは別体に構成されていてもよい。 Moreover, it goes without saying that the same holds true even when only one use-side heat exchanger 26 and one heat medium flow control device 25 are connected. As the heat exchanger 15 between heat mediums 15 and the expansion device 16, Of course, there is no problem even if there are multiple things that move in the same way. Further, the case where the heat medium flow control device 25 is built in the heat medium converter 3 has been described as an example. However, the heat medium flow control device 25 is not limited thereto, and may be built in the indoor unit 2. 3 and the indoor unit 2 may be configured separately.
 また、一般的に、熱源側熱交換器12及び利用側熱交換器26には、送風機が取り付けられており、送風により凝縮あるいは蒸発を促進させる場合が多いが、これに限るものではない。たとえば、利用側熱交換器26としては放射を利用したパネルヒーターのようなものを用いることもできるし、熱源側熱交換器12としては、水や不凍液により熱を移動させる水冷式のタイプのものを用いることもできる。つまり、熱源側熱交換器12及び利用側熱交換器26としては、放熱あるいは吸熱をできる構造のものであれば種類を問わず、用いることができる。 In general, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 are provided with a blower, and in many cases, condensation or evaporation is promoted by blowing air, but this is not restrictive. For example, the use side heat exchanger 26 may be a panel heater using radiation, and the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is of a water-cooled type that moves heat by water or antifreeze. Can also be used. That is, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 can be used regardless of the type as long as they have a structure capable of radiating heat or absorbing heat.
 実施の形態2では、利用側熱交換器26が4つである場合を例に説明したが、個数を特に限定するものではない。また、熱媒体間熱交換器15a、熱媒体間熱交換器15bが2つである場合を例に説明したが、当然、これに限るものではなく、熱媒体を冷却または/及び加熱できるように構成すれば、幾つ設置してもよい。さらに、ポンプ21a、ポンプ21bはそれぞれ一つとは限らず、複数の小容量のポンプを並列に並べて接続してもよい。 In Embodiment 2, the case where there are four usage-side heat exchangers 26 has been described as an example, but the number is not particularly limited. Moreover, although the case where the number of heat exchangers between heat mediums 15a and the heat exchangers between heat mediums 15b is two has been described as an example, naturally the present invention is not limited to this, and the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. If it comprises, you may install how many. Furthermore, the number of pumps 21a and 21b is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be connected in parallel.
 実施の形態2では、第1熱媒体流路切替装置22、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23、及び、熱媒体流量調整装置25が、各利用側熱交換器26にそれぞれ1つずつ接続されている場合を例に説明したが、これに限るものではなく、1つの利用側熱交換器26に対し、それぞれが複数接続されていてもよい。この場合には、同じ利用側熱交換器26に接続されている、第1熱媒体流路切替装置、第2熱媒体流路開閉装置、熱媒体流量調整装置を同じように動作させればよい。 In the second embodiment, the first heat medium flow switching device 22, the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the heat medium flow control device 25 are connected to each use side heat exchanger 26 one by one. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of each of the use side heat exchangers 26 may be connected. In this case, the first heat medium flow switching device, the second heat medium flow switching device, and the heat medium flow control device connected to the same use side heat exchanger 26 may be operated in the same manner. .
 以上のように、実施の形態1及び実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置は、冷媒回路からの冷媒漏れを検知することが可能となり、安全性を大きく向上させたものとなる。なお、実施の形態1で説明した内容を実施の形態2の内容に適宜応用できるものとし、実施の形態2で説明した内容を実施の形態1の内容に適宜応用できるものとする。 As described above, the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiments 1 and 2 can detect refrigerant leakage from the refrigerant circuit and greatly improve safety. It should be noted that the contents described in the first embodiment can be appropriately applied to the contents of the second embodiment, and the contents described in the second embodiment can be appropriately applied to the contents of the first embodiment.
 1 室外機、2 室内機、2a 室内機、2b 室内機、2c 室内機、2d 室内機、3 熱媒体変換機、4 冷媒配管、4d バイパス配管、5 配管、6 室外空間、7 室内空間、8 空間、9 建物、10 圧縮機、11 第1冷媒流路切替装置、12 熱源側熱交換器、15 熱媒体間熱交換器、15a 熱媒体間熱交換器、15b 熱媒体間熱交換器、16 絞り装置、16a 絞り装置、16b 絞り装置、17 開閉装置、18 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18a 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18a(1) 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18a(2) 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18b 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18b(1) 第2冷媒流路切替装置、18b(2) 冷媒流路切替装置、19 アキュムレーター、21 ポンプ、21a ポンプ、21b ポンプ、22 第1熱媒体流路切替装置、22a 第1熱媒体流路切替装置、22b 第1熱媒体流路切替装置、22c 第1熱媒体流路切替装置、22d 第1熱媒体流路切替装置、23 第2熱媒体流路切替装置、23a 第2熱媒体流路切替装置、23b 第2熱媒体流路切替装置、23c 第2熱媒体流路切替装置、23d 第2熱媒体流路切替装置、25 熱媒体流量調整装置、25a 熱媒体流量調整装置、25b 熱媒体流量調整装置、25c 熱媒体流量調整装置、25d 熱媒体流量調整装置、26 利用側熱交換器、26a 利用側熱交換器、26b 利用側熱交換器、26c 利用側熱交換器、26d 利用側熱交換器、31 第1温度センサー、31a 第1温度センサー、31b 第1温度センサー、34 第2温度センサー、34a 第2温度センサー、34b 第2温度センサー、34c 第2温度センサー、34d 第2温度センサー、35 第3温度センサー、35a 第3温度センサー、35b 第3温度センサー、35c 第3温度センサー、35d 第3温度センサー、36 圧力センサー、37 第1遮断装置、38 第2遮断装置、39 濃度検出装置、100 空気調和装置、101 空気調和装置、200 室外機、201 圧縮機、202 油分離器、203 流路切替装置、204 熱源側熱交換器、205 アキュムレーター、206 油戻キャピラリー、300 室内機、300a 室内機、300b 室内機、300c 室内機、300d 室内機、301 利用側熱交換器、301a 利用側熱交換器、301b 利用側熱交換器、301c 利用側熱交換器、301d 利用側熱交換器、302 絞り装置、302a 絞り装置、302b 絞り装置、302c 絞り装置、302d 絞り装置、303 第1遮断装置、303a 第1遮断装置、303b 第1遮断装置、303c 第1遮断装置、303d 第1遮断装置、304 第2遮断装置、304a 第2遮断装置、304b 第2遮断装置、304c 第2遮断装置、304d 第2遮断装置、305 濃度検出装置、306 温度センサー、307 温度センサー、308 圧力センサー、400 配管、400a 配管、400b 配管、A 冷媒循環回路、B 熱媒体循環回路。 1 outdoor unit, 2 indoor unit, 2a indoor unit, 2b indoor unit, 2c indoor unit, 2d indoor unit, 3 heat medium converter, 4 refrigerant piping, 4d bypass piping, 5 piping, 6 outdoor space, 7 indoor space, 8 Space, 9 building, 10 compressor, 11 first refrigerant flow switching device, 12 heat source side heat exchanger, 15 heat exchanger between heat medium, 15a heat exchanger between heat medium, 15b heat exchanger between heat medium, 16 Throttle device, 16a throttle device, 16b throttle device, 17 opening / closing device, 18 second refrigerant flow switching device, 18a second refrigerant flow switching device, 18a (1) second refrigerant flow switching device, 18a (2) second 2 refrigerant flow switching device, 18b second refrigerant flow switching device, 18b (1) second refrigerant flow switching device, 18b (2) refrigerant flow switching device, 19 accumulator, 21 pump, 1a pump, 21b pump, 22 first heat medium flow switching device, 22a first heat medium flow switching device, 22b first heat medium flow switching device, 22c first heat medium flow switching device, 22d first heat Medium flow switching device, 23 second heat medium flow switching device, 23a second heat medium flow switching device, 23b second heat medium flow switching device, 23c second heat medium flow switching device, 23d second heat Medium flow switching device, 25 Heat medium flow adjustment device, 25a Heat medium flow adjustment device, 25b Heat medium flow adjustment device, 25c Heat medium flow adjustment device, 25d Heat medium flow adjustment device, 26 Usage side heat exchanger, 26a use Side heat exchanger, 26b utilization side heat exchanger, 26c utilization side heat exchanger, 26d utilization side heat exchanger, 31 first temperature sensor, 31a first temperature sensor, 31b first Degree sensor, 34 second temperature sensor, 34a second temperature sensor, 34b second temperature sensor, 34c second temperature sensor, 34d second temperature sensor, 35 third temperature sensor, 35a third temperature sensor, 35b third temperature sensor 35c, 3rd temperature sensor, 35d, 3rd temperature sensor, 36, pressure sensor, 37, 1st shutoff device, 38, 2nd shutoff device, 39, concentration detector, 100 air conditioner, 101 air conditioner, 200 outdoor unit, 201 compression Machine, 202 oil separator, 203 flow path switching device, 204 heat source side heat exchanger, 205 accumulator, 206 oil return capillary, 300 indoor unit, 300a indoor unit, 300b indoor unit, 300c indoor unit, 300d indoor unit, 301 Use side heat exchanger, 301a use Side heat exchanger, 301b utilization side heat exchanger, 301c utilization side heat exchanger, 301d utilization side heat exchanger, 302 expansion device, 302a expansion device, 302b expansion device, 302c expansion device, 302d expansion device, 303 first shut off Device, 303a first shut-off device, 303b first shut-off device, 303c first shut-off device, 303d first shut-off device, 304 second shut-off device, 304a second shut-off device, 304b second shut-off device, 304c second shut-off device, 304d 2nd interruption | blocking apparatus, 305 density | concentration detection apparatus, 306 temperature sensor, 307 temperature sensor, 308 pressure sensor, 400 piping, 400a piping, 400b piping, A refrigerant circulation circuit, B heat medium circulation circuit.

Claims (16)

  1.  少なくとも圧縮機、及び、熱源側熱交換器を室外機に備え、
     少なくとも絞り装置、及び、利用側熱交換器を室内機に備え、
     前記圧縮機、前記熱源側熱交換器、前記絞り装置、及び、前記利用側熱交換器が配管接続され、超臨界状態に遷移する冷媒または可燃性を有する冷媒が循環する冷媒回路が形成された空気調和装置であって、
     前記室内機の内部又は前記室内機の設置空間に設けられ、前記冷媒回路から漏れた冷媒の濃度を検出する濃度検出装置と、
     前記室内機の外側で、かつ、前記室内機の出入口から所定距離以内に設けられ、前記濃度検出装置からの情報に基づいて熱源側冷媒の循環を遮断する遮断装置と、を有している
     ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
    The outdoor unit includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger,
    At least the expansion device and the use side heat exchanger are provided in the indoor unit,
    The compressor, the heat source side heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the use side heat exchanger are connected by piping to form a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant transitioning to a supercritical state or a flammable refrigerant circulates. An air conditioner,
    A concentration detecting device that is provided in the indoor unit or in the installation space of the indoor unit and detects the concentration of refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit;
    A shut-off device that is provided outside the indoor unit and within a predetermined distance from the entrance / exit of the indoor unit and shuts off the circulation of the heat-source-side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detection device. An air conditioner characterized by.
  2.  前記所定距離は、
     (室内機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])+(室内機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])<漏洩限界濃度[kg/m3]を満たすように決定される
     ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。
    The predetermined distance is
    (Indoor unit connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / indoor volume [m 3 ]) + (indoor unit volume × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / indoor) The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the air conditioner is determined so as to satisfy a volume [m 3 ]) <leak limit concentration [kg / m 3 ].
  3.  前記所定距離は、
     (室内機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])+(室内機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])=2.5×(下限可燃濃度[kg/m3])1.25×h[m]×(部屋の床面積[m2])0.5を満たすように決定される
     ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。
     ただし、hは(0.6)、(1.0)、(1.8)、(2.2)のいずれかの数値である。
    The predetermined distance is
    (Indoor unit connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) + (indoor unit volume × average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) = 2.5 × (lower limit combustible The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the air conditioner is determined to satisfy a concentration [kg / m 3 ]) 1.25 × h [m] × (room floor area [m 2 ]) 0.5 .
    However, h is any numerical value of (0.6), (1.0), (1.8), (2.2).
  4.  少なくとも圧縮機、及び、熱源側熱交換器を室外機に備え、
     少なくとも熱媒体間熱交換器、絞り装置、及び、ポンプを熱媒体変換機に備え、
     少なくとも利用側熱交換器を室内機に備え、
     前記圧縮機、前記熱源側熱交換器、前記絞り装置、及び、前記熱媒体間熱交換器の冷媒側流路が直列に配管接続され、超臨界状態に遷移する冷媒または可燃性を有する冷媒が循環する冷媒循環回路と、
     前記熱媒体間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路、前記ポンプ、及び、前記利用側熱交換器が直列に配管接続され、熱媒体が循環する熱媒体循環回路と、が形成された空気調和装置であって、
     前記熱媒体変換機の内部又は前記熱媒体変換機の設置空間に設けられ、前記冷媒循環回路から漏れた冷媒の濃度を検出する濃度検出装置と、
     前記熱媒体変換機の外側で、かつ、前記熱媒体変換機の出入口から所定距離以内に設けられ、前記前記濃度検出装置からの情報に基づいて熱源側冷媒の循環を遮断する遮断装置と、を有している
     ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。
    The outdoor unit includes at least a compressor and a heat source side heat exchanger,
    At least a heat exchanger between heat media, a throttling device, and a pump are provided in the heat medium converter,
    At least use side heat exchanger in the indoor unit,
    A refrigerant that transitions to a supercritical state or a flammable refrigerant is connected in series with a refrigerant side flow path of the compressor, the heat source side heat exchanger, the expansion device, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium. A circulating refrigerant circulation circuit;
    An air conditioner in which a heat medium side flow path, the pump, and the use side heat exchanger of the inter-heat medium heat exchanger are connected in series to form a heat medium circulation circuit in which the heat medium circulates. Because
    A concentration detector provided in the heat medium converter or in an installation space of the heat medium converter to detect the concentration of the refrigerant leaked from the refrigerant circuit;
    A shut-off device that is provided outside the heat medium converter and within a predetermined distance from the entrance and exit of the heat medium converter, and shuts off the circulation of the heat source side refrigerant based on information from the concentration detection device. An air conditioner characterized by comprising:
  5.  前記所定距離は、
     (熱媒体変換機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])+(熱媒体変換機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3]/室内容積[m3])<漏洩限界濃度[kg/m3]を満たすように決定される
     ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の空気調和装置。
    The predetermined distance is
    (Heat medium converter connection pipe volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ] / Indoor volume [m 3 ]) + (Heat medium converter volume × Average refrigerant density [kg / m] 3 ] / indoor volume [m 3 ]) <leakage limit concentration [kg / m 3 ] is determined. 5. The air conditioner according to claim 4.
  6.  前記所定距離は、
     (熱媒体変換機接続配管容積[m3]×L[m]×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])+(熱媒体変換機容積×平均冷媒密度[kg/m3])=2.5×(下限可燃濃度[kg/m3])1.25×h[m]×(部屋の床面積[m2])0.5を満たすように決定される
     ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の空気調和装置。
     ただし、hは(0.6)、(1.0)、(1.8)、(2.2)のいずれかの数値である。
    The predetermined distance is
    (Heat medium converter connection piping volume [m 3 ] × L [m] × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) + (Heat medium converter volume × Average refrigerant density [kg / m 3 ]) = 2.5 Air conditioning according to claim 4, characterized in that x (lower flammable concentration [kg / m 3 ]) 1.25 x h [m] x (room floor area [m 2 ]) 0.5 is satisfied. apparatus.
    However, h is any numerical value of (0.6), (1.0), (1.8), (2.2).
  7.  前記遮断装置は、
     通電時には開状態、非通電時には閉状態にしている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The blocking device is
    The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the air conditioner is in an open state when energized and closed in a non-energized state.
  8.  前記遮断装置は、
     前記濃度検出装置が検出した熱源側冷媒の濃度が所定濃度以上となったとき、通電がOFFされる
     ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の空気調和装置。
    The blocking device is
    The air conditioner according to claim 7, wherein energization is turned off when the concentration of the heat source side refrigerant detected by the concentration detection device is equal to or higher than a predetermined concentration.
  9.  前記所定濃度を漏洩限界濃度未満に設定している
     ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の空気調和装置。
    The air conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined concentration is set to be less than a leakage limit concentration.
  10.  前記遮断装置は、
     その電気部を直流電源駆動にしている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The blocking device is
    The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electric part is driven by a DC power source.
  11.  前記遮断装置は、
     前記電気部としてステッピングモーターを有している
     ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の空気調和装置。
    The blocking device is
    The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a stepping motor as the electrical unit.
  12.  前記遮断装置からの熱源側冷媒の漏れ量を3.0×10-9[m3/sec]以下にしている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein an amount of leakage of the heat-source-side refrigerant from the shut-off device is 3.0 x 10 -9 [m 3 / sec] or less. .
  13.  前記遮断装置のうち冷房運転時において高圧側に設置される遮断装置のCV値を1以上、低圧側に設置される遮断装置のCV値を5以上としている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The CV value of the shut-off device installed on the high-pressure side during cooling operation is 1 or more and the CV value of the shut-off device installed on the low-pressure side is 5 or more during the cooling operation. The air conditioning apparatus as described in any one of.
  14.  前記遮断装置の最低作動圧力差は、
     0[kgf/cm2]付近としている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The minimum operating pressure difference of the shut-off device is
    The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the air conditioner is in the vicinity of 0 [kgf / cm 2 ].
  15.  前記遮断装置は、
     熱源側冷媒の双方向の流れが可能なものである
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The blocking device is
    The air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the heat source side refrigerant is capable of bidirectional flow.
  16.  前記濃度検出装置は、
     商用電源又は電池から電力の供給を受けている
     ことを特徴とする請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
    The concentration detector is
    The air-conditioning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein power is supplied from a commercial power source or a battery.
PCT/JP2010/000817 2010-02-10 2010-02-10 Air-conditioning device WO2011099058A1 (en)

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