WO2011079764A1 - 一种右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2011079764A1
WO2011079764A1 PCT/CN2010/080342 CN2010080342W WO2011079764A1 WO 2011079764 A1 WO2011079764 A1 WO 2011079764A1 CN 2010080342 W CN2010080342 W CN 2010080342W WO 2011079764 A1 WO2011079764 A1 WO 2011079764A1
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acid
agent
alkalizing agent
acidifying agent
drug
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PCT/CN2010/080342
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑斯骥
张琦
袁少卿
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上海中西制药有限公司
上海中西三维药业有限公司
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Publication of WO2011079764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011079764A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/20Hypnotics; Sedatives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical preparations, and more particularly to a solid preparation of eszopiclone and a preparation method thereof.
  • Eszopiclone is a single isomer of zopiclone, molecular weight 388.81, a weak base compound, slightly soluble in water, a fast-acting non-benzodiazepine sedative sleeping pill. Can be used for the treatment of short-term or chronic insomnia. Clinical studies have shown that each dose of l-3 mg of dextrozopicl has a good effect on starting sleep and maintaining sleep quality.
  • the dextrozopidine clone is slightly soluble in water, so it is necessary to pulverize the dextrozopidine clone to a certain fineness in the preparation of the solid preparation to ensure rapid dissolution of the solid preparation after oral administration.
  • the pulverization of dextrozopicl clones is generally carried out by mechanical pulverization.
  • the mechanical pulverization treatment method has many defects such as dust, pollution, and loss.
  • a more serious problem is that due to the high drug activity of dextrozopiclone, inhalation of a lower dose of dextrozopidine clone powder can quickly produce hypnotic effects, which is highly prone to operator rapid mechanical pulverization. The adverse reactions of hypnosis cause a safety accident.
  • the pulverization treatment generally has a particle size of about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the dissolution characteristics of the solid preparation obtained by the pulverization treatment by this method are not yet satisfactory.
  • stability is the focus of the quality of the solid preparation, including the chemical stability of the active ingredient of the active ingredient, the content of the relevant substance (ie, impurities), the stability of the solid preparation property, and the dissolution stability during the storage period of the solid preparation. Whether it is within the limits of the drug standard.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing method for preparing a solid preparation of dextrozopidine clone by mechanically pulverizing and controlling the particle size of dextrozopicl, which causes environmental pollution, large loss, and serious safety.
  • Hidden dangers, and the dissolution characteristics of dextrozoprone solid pharmaceutical preparations are not ideally deficient, providing a simpler operation, less pollution, no aforementioned safety hazards, and ensuring excellent dissolution characteristics and stability of the obtained solid preparations.
  • the present inventors have taken a different approach, uniquely dissolving dextrozopidine clones in an acidic solution, and then reducing the acidity of the system during the granulation process, and returning the drug to a solid state, thereby avoiding many defects of mechanical pulverization treatment. . Further, the inventors have unexpectedly found that the dexzopiclone solid preparation prepared by the method has excellent dissolution characteristics, stability, and content uniformity.
  • the preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps of: dissolving dextrozopiclone in an acidic solution containing an acidifying agent to prepare a drug-containing acidic liquid; and thereafter, uniformly basifying the basifying agent, the auxiliary material and the drug-containing acidic liquid
  • the wet granulation is carried out by mixing, wherein the alkalizing agent is a reagent which lowers the acidity of the mixed solution of the alkalizing agent and the drug-containing acidic liquid with respect to the acidity of the drug-containing acidic liquid.
  • the dextrozopidine clone is a poorly water-soluble weakly basic active drug, and the amount thereof is determined according to the conventional content of dextrozopiclone in a solid preparation, generally 0.2% by mass of the wet granulated dry material. ⁇ 10%, preferably 1 to 5%.
  • Other pharmaceutically active ingredients may be added to prepare a compound solid preparation of dextrozopiclone.
  • the acidifying agent means an acidic reagent which can completely dissolve dextrozopidine in an acidic solution containing an acidifying agent.
  • the acidulant should be a pharmaceutically acceptable agent compatible with dextrozopidine.
  • the compatibility means coexistence without adverse effects.
  • the acidifying agent may be a single acidifying agent, or a composite acidifying agent composed of two or more components, and may be selected from various acids, such as one or more of inorganic strong acid, inorganic strong acid and organic weak acid.
  • hydrochloric acid citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and phosphoric acid, more preferably hydrochloric acid, citric acid, Malic acid or tartaric acid, the most preferred is hydrochloric acid.
  • the acidifying agent is used in an amount at least the minimum amount which enables complete dissolution of dextrozopidine, preferably from 1 to 1.2 times, and most preferably from 1 to 1.05 times.
  • the amount of acidifying agent that can dissolve eszopiclone is related to a number of factors, such as the type of acidifying agent, the type of solvent, the number of hydrogen ions in the acidifying agent that can be combined with the basic center of eszopiclone, and the acidity of the drug. Liquid preparation conditions (such as temperature) and so on.
  • the basic center refers to a group or a moiety in the dextrozopidine clone which can bind to hydrogen ions in the acidifying agent molecule.
  • the above minimum amount refers to the minimum amount by which an acidifying agent can completely dissolve dextrozopidine in the same solvent and medicated acid-containing conditions.
  • the minimum amount can be determined by a simple conventional method: In the same solvent and drug-containing acidic solution, the amount of the acidifying agent is gradually increased to dissolve the dextrozopidine clone, and when it is completely dissolved, it is the minimum amount.
  • the inventors have found through extensive experimentation that, in particular, the molar ratio of the acidifying agent to dextroproxil is generally from 0.7 to 1.2, preferably from 0.9 to 1.1.
  • the present invention is particularly preferable: a molar amount of dextrozopidine clone of 0.75 to 1.05 times, or a molar amount of dextrozole, 0.9 to 1.1 times of citric acid.
  • the solvent in the acidic solution containing the acidifying agent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, preferably water.
  • the organic solvent is selected according to the principle that its solubility to dextrozopicl is better than water in a solvent acceptable for the pharmaceutical field, preferably a water-miscible organic solvent, such as is commonly used in the pharmaceutical field.
  • a water-soluble alcohol solvent such as ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, acetone, isopropanol or t-butanol is preferably ethanol.
  • the amount of organic solvent in the mixture of water and organic solvent Can be chosen at will. When an aqueous ethanol solution is used as the solvent, the concentration of ethanol is preferably a mass percentage
  • the amount of the solvent in the acidic solution is at least the minimum amount of the granulating liquid required for wet granulation, and is usually from 5 to 100% by mass, preferably from 10 to 50% by mass based on the dry granulated dry material.
  • some excipients such as a binder, a surfactant, a solubilizing agent, and a water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion may be added.
  • a binder a surfactant, a solubilizing agent, and a water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion
  • one or more of the water-soluble carriers of the surfactant, the solubilizing agent and the solid dispersion are added simultaneously with and/or after the dextrozopicl is dissolved in the acidic solution containing the acidifying agent.
  • the obtained drug-containing acidic liquid is subjected to a subsequent step, that is, uniformly mixed with the alkalizing agent and the auxiliary material, and subjected to wet granulation.
  • the amount of the water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion to be added at this time is controlled to ensure the dextrozopidine clone It is completely dissolved in the acidic solution containing the acidifying agent.
  • the water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion may be further added to the solution.
  • the obtained acid-containing acidic solution may be a suspension or a viscosity. Thick liquid form.
  • the present invention particularly preferably incorporates povidone, polyethylene glycol (preferably polyethylene glycol 400-8000), sodium dodecyl sulfate, poloxamer, Tween-80, polyoxyethylene castor oil, stearic acid
  • polyoxyl 40 ester preferably 0.05 to 5 times the mass of dextrozopiclone.
  • the water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion is preferably added in an amount of from 1 to 10 times the mass of dextrozopiclone.
  • Adding a surfactant and/or a solubilizing agent according to the above operation can increase the solubility of eszopiclone in an acidic solution, reduce the amount of solvent, and facilitate the subsequent granulation step operation. It is further worth mentioning that one or more of the water-soluble carriers of the surfactant, the solubilizer and the solid dispersion are added as described above, in particular, the water-soluble carrier of the solid dispersion can be used to obtain the obtained dextrozopidine The dissolution characteristics of the solid preparation are better.
  • the alkalizing agent refers to a reagent capable of lowering the acidity of the mixture of the alkalizing agent and the drug-containing acidic liquid with respect to the acidity of the drug-containing acidic liquid, such as an inorganic strong base such as sodium hydroxide.
  • a weak acid strong base salt such as sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and a conjugate base of an organic weak acid (such as sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, sodium malate, and sodium acetate), or less acidic than a strong acid acidifier, and Can form a slow Punching the acid.
  • the basifying agent should be a pharmaceutically acceptable agent compatible with dextrozopiclone.
  • the present invention preferably comprises a combination of an acidifying agent and an alkalizing agent of the following type:
  • the acidifying agent is an inorganic strong acid
  • the alkalizing agent is an inorganic strong base such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
  • the acidifying agent is an inorganic strong acid
  • the alkalizing agent is an inorganic weak acid strong base salt such as hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate, or hydrochloric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
  • the acidifying agent is an inorganic strong acid
  • the alkalizing agent is an organic weak acid strong base salt such as hydrochloric acid and sodium citrate, hydrochloric acid and sodium tartrate, or hydrochloric acid and sodium malate.
  • the acidifying agent is an organic weak acid
  • the alkalizing agent is a conjugate base of the organic weak acid
  • the acidifying agent and the alkalizing agent are buffer pairs of conjugated acid and base, such as tannic acid, tartaric acid Or a buffer pair consisting of malic acid and its corresponding conjugate base, preferably a buffer of tannic acid and sodium citrate.
  • the acidifying agent is an organic weak acid
  • the alkalizing agent is an inorganic strong base or an inorganic weak acid strong base salt
  • the acidifying agent and the alkalizing agent form a buffer pair, such as capric acid and sodium carbonate, malic acid and Sodium carbonate, malic acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, or citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
  • the acidifying agent is an inorganic strong acid
  • the alkalizing agent is a weak acid and can form a buffer pair with an acid, for example, hydrochloric acid and glycine, or hydrochloric acid and alanine.
  • the amount of the alkalizing agent is such an amount that at least the acidity of the mixed solution of the alkalizing agent and the drug-containing acidic liquid is lowered relative to the acidity of the drug-containing acidic liquid.
  • the amount of the acidifying agent and the alkalizing agent is such that the value obtained by the formula 1 is from 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably from 0.3 to 1.2.
  • A is the total number of molecular anions of the alkalizing agent; the number of hydrogen ions in the alkalizing agent molecule;
  • B is the number of hydrogen ions in the acidifying agent molecule
  • A is 1.
  • hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate having a value of 0.9 to 1.1
  • hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide having a value of 0.9 to 1.05
  • citric acid and sodium citrate having a value of 0.4 to 1.2.
  • the excipient may be selected from any of the excipients known and widely used in the art, such as fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and the like.
  • the content of the excipients can be selected according to the conventional knowledge in the art.
  • the filler is preferably one or more of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, starch, mannitol, sucrose, and maltitol.
  • the binder is preferably one or more of hypromellose, povidone and methylcellulose.
  • the disintegrant is preferably one or more of sodium carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and croscarmellose sodium.
  • the lubricant is preferably colloidal silica, sodium stearate fumarate, talc or magnesium stearate.
  • the amount of the excipients can be selected according to conventional knowledge in the art.
  • the wet granulation can be carried out according to conventional steps and conditions of various granulation methods in the art which are in the wet granulation category, such as extrusion granulation (e.g., rocker extrusion, spiral extrusion and rotation). Extrusion, etc., agitation granulation, fluidized spray granulation, centrifugal spray granulation, etc., preferably by extrusion granulation or agitation granulation.
  • extrusion granulation e.g., rocker extrusion, spiral extrusion and rotation
  • Extrusion, etc. agitation granulation
  • fluidized spray granulation e.g., centrifugal spray granulation, etc.
  • centrifugal spray granulation e.g., centrifugal spray granulation, etc.
  • the specific operation of uniformly mixing the alkalizing agent, the auxiliary material and the drug-containing acidic liquid to perform wet granulation is carried out according to any one of the following modes: mode (1) alkalizing agent Or the alkalizing agent-containing solution and the auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, and then uniformly mixed with the drug-containing acidic liquid, and subjected to extrusion granulation or stirring granulation; and (2) the medicated acidic liquid, the alkalizing agent or the alkalizing agent The solution is uniformly mixed to obtain a granulating liquid, and then the granulating liquid and the auxiliary material are subjected to extrusion granulation, agitation granulation, fluidized spray granulation or centrifugal spray granulation, etc.; mode (3) The liquid and the auxiliary material are uniformly mixed, and then uniformly mixed with the alkalizing agent-containing solution, and subjected to extrusion granulation or stirring granulation.
  • Mode (4) uniformly mix the drug-containing acidic solution with less than 1/3 of the auxiliary material, and the alkalizing agent or the alkalizing agent-containing solution (the specific operation may be: firstly 1/3 or less of the auxiliary material and the alkalizing agent) Or the alkalizing agent-containing solution is uniformly mixed, and the obtained mixture is mixed with the drug-containing acidic liquid, or, first, 1/3 or less of the auxiliary material and the drug-containing acidic liquid are mixed, and then the alkalizing agent or the alkalizing agent-containing solution is mixed. Mix evenly), then mix with the remaining ingredients Extrusion granulation or agitation granulation.
  • the excipients in the 1/3 or less of the excipients are preferably water-soluble excipients.
  • the alkalizing agent-containing solution refers to a solution obtained by dissolving an alkalizing agent in a small amount of solvent according to a routine operation in the art to facilitate mixing; the solvent may be water or water. A mixture with an organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent is the same as described above.
  • the dexzopiclone solid granule preparation can be directly obtained, or can be used as a preparation intermediate, and a conventional tablet such as a tablet or a capsule can be obtained. preparation.
  • the reagents and raw materials used are commercially available.
  • the present invention also relates to a solid preparation of eszopiclone prepared by the above method.
  • the positive effect of the invention is as follows: (1) The preparation method of the invention avoids the defects of serious pollution, large loss and serious safety hazard caused by mechanical pulverization treatment of dextrozopiclone, and the operation is simple and easy, and the safety factor is High, easy to apply to industrial production. (2) The dissolution characteristics of the dexzopiclone solid preparation prepared by the preparation method of the present invention are remarkably improved as compared with the prior art, and the bioavailability is high and the individual difference is small. (3) The dexzopiclone solid preparation prepared by the production method of the present invention has better stability and content uniformity.
  • the dosage form specification is based on the content of dextrozopiclone, such as 2 mg/tablet, which means that each tablet contains 2 mg of dextrozopronone.
  • the unit of use is gram and the percentage is the mass percentage.
  • the mass percentage of eszopiclone and solvent is the mass percentage of the wet granulated dry material.
  • the amount of the solvent includes water in an aqueous solution of an acidifying agent and an alkalizing agent.
  • Tablet acidifier citric acid monohydrate 1.65 (molar ratio to dextrozopidine: 1.02)
  • Alkalizing agent sodium citrate dihydrate 1 (formula 1 value: 0.43)
  • the mixture of hydroxypropylcellulose and sodium citrate is mixed, and the medicinal acid solution is added for stirring and granulation.
  • the wet granules are dried and then granulated. After adding magnesium stearate and colloidal silica, they are mixed and then pressed. .
  • Preparation Opadry powder was added while stirring in water, and stirring was continued for 45 minutes after the addition, and it was formulated into a coating.
  • Example 3 Formulation and preparation method of dextrozole fragment (2m g / tablet)
  • the mixture of dextrozopiclone, mannitol, povidone ⁇ 30, 5% aqueous hydrochloric acid and water is formulated into a drug-containing acidic solution, and lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl starch are mixed, and the acidity is added.
  • the mixture is mixed and granulated, and a sodium carbonate solution (sodium carbonate dissolved in a small amount of water) is added while stirring.
  • a sodium carbonate solution sodium carbonate dissolved in a small amount of water
  • Preparation Opadry powder was added while stirring in water, and stirring was continued for 45 minutes after the addition, and it was formulated into a coating.
  • the coating solution is applied to the core of the film.
  • Example 7 dextrozopidine clone tablet (2m g / tablet) formula and preparation method Formula of dextrozole fragment (6m g / tablet) and preparation method thereof
  • Example 12 Formulation and preparation method of dextrozole fragment (2m g / tablet)
  • Example 15 Formula of dextrozole fragment (lm g / tablet) and preparation method thereof
  • Example 16 dextrozole fragment (2m g / tablet) formula and preparation method
  • Example 17 Formulation and preparation method of dextrozopidine capsule (3m g / granule) The granules before the tableting of Example 1 were passed through a 30 mesh sieve and filled into a hard capsule.
  • Example 18 Formulation and preparation method of dextrozopiclone capsule (2m g / granule) The granules before the tableting of Example 3 were passed through a 30 mesh sieve and filled into a hard capsule.
  • Example 19 dextrozole fragment (2m g / tablet) formulation and preparation method
  • the wet granules are dried and then granulated, and magnesium stearate, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone and colloidal silica are added, and the mixture is combined and pressed.
  • Preparation Opadry powder was added while stirring in water, and stirring was continued for 45 minutes after the addition, and it was formulated into a coating.
  • the coating solution is subjected to film coating on the core.
  • Example 20 Formula of dextrozole fragment (2m g / tablet) and preparation method thereof
  • Example 21 dextrozopidine clone tablet (2m g / tablet) formula and preparation method
  • Process acid solution add 1/5 amount of lactose, add sodium citrate solution (sodium citrate dissolved in 1/4 amount of water) while stirring, and then add to microcrystalline cellulose, 2/3 carboxymethyl
  • sodium starch and the remaining lactose are stirred and granulated, and the wet granules are dried and then granulated, and mixed with magnesium stearate, colloidal silica and 1/3 amount of sodium carboxymethyl starch, and then pressed and tableted.
  • Preparation Opadry powder was added while stirring in water, and stirring was continued for 45 minutes after the addition, and it was formulated into a coating.
  • Example 1 Dissolution comparison test
  • Samples Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 3, 6 and 17 of dextrozopiclone tablets or capsule stability accelerated test: The samples were placed in high density polyethylene plastic bottles, sealed, placed in an accelerated study box. After a three-month accelerated test at a temperature of 40 ° C ⁇ 2 ° C and a relative humidity of 75% ⁇ 5%, the stability of the relevant items was measured.
  • Determination method Take the appropriate amount of sample (equivalent to 3mg of dextrozopicl), place it in a 250ml volumetric flask, add 0.02mol/L hydrochloric acid, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution; A suitable amount of the spirulina cloning reference substance was prepared, and a solution containing 12 ⁇ ⁇ per 1 ml was prepared using 0.02 mol/L hydrochloric acid as a control solution. According to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two appendix IV ⁇ ), the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 304 nm, and the content was calculated.
  • the dissolution measurement method was the same as in the effect of Example 1.
  • Determination of related substances According to high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition two appendix VD) determination, using 18 ⁇ ⁇ silicon germanium bonded silica as a filler; acetonitrile -0.05mol / L ammonium sulfate solution (40: 60) is the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 304 nm. The chromatogram of the test solution is compared to the chromatogram of the control solution.
  • Test method According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition appendix XE content uniformity inspection method, determination of each

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Description

一种右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂及其制备方法
技术领域 本发明属于药物制剂领域,特别涉及一种右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂及其制 备方法。
背景技术
右旋佐匹克隆 (Eszopiclone) 是佐匹克隆 (zopiclone) 的单一异构体, 分子量 388.81, 属弱碱类化合物, 在水中微溶, 为一种快速短效非苯二氮卓 类镇静***, 可用于短期或慢性失眠的治疗。 临床研究已经证明, 每次服 用 l-3mg右旋佐匹克隆, 对启动睡眠和维持睡眠质量都有较好的疗效。
右旋佐匹克隆在水中微溶, 因此需在制备固体制剂时将右旋佐匹克隆粉 碎到一定的细度, 以保证该固体制剂口服后能迅速溶出。 目前, 对右旋佐匹 克隆的粉碎一般都采用机械粉碎方法。 但是, 机械粉碎的处理方法存在粉尘 多、 污染环境和损耗大等缺陷。 更严重的问题是, 由于右旋佐匹克隆的药物 活性比较高, 吸入较低剂量的右旋佐匹克隆粉末即可快速产生催眠效果, 在 进行机械粉碎处理时, 极易发生致操作人员快速催眠的不良反应, 引发安全 事故。
另外, 目前较广泛使用机械粉碎的方法粉碎药物活性成分, 如常采用的 万能粉碎机, 粉碎处理后的粒径一般达到 100微米左右。 由该方法粉碎处理 后制得的固体制剂的溶出特性尚不够理想。
由于右旋佐匹克隆活性高, 在固体制剂中含量较低 ( 10wt%), 因此 在机械粉碎处理的工艺中,还涉及其与赋形剂混合的分散均匀性问题。通常, 采用将药物活性成分与赋形剂等量稀释逐歩扩大的方法, 以使右旋佐匹克隆 在固体制剂中分散均匀。 但该方法工艺操作繁琐, 同样会产生粉尘多、 污染 环境、 损耗大和劳动防护存在安全隐患等诸多问题。 此外, 固体制剂的制备还需考虑产品的各种性能是否能满足药剂领域的 的要求。 例如, 是否能保证较佳的含量均匀度。 再例如, 稳定性是固体制剂 质量的考察重点,其包括在固体制剂贮存期内,药物活性成分的化学稳定性、 有关物质(即杂质) 的含量、 固体制剂性状稳定性、 以及溶出稳定性等, 是 否处在药品标准限度内。
因此, 针对右旋佐匹克隆, 亟待寻求一种既可避免机械粉碎处理方法的 上述缺陷, 又可保证各种性能优良的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂 制备方法通过机械粉碎的方式选择控制右旋佐匹克隆的粒径,会造成环境污 染、 损耗大, 存在严重的安全隐患, 并且右旋佐匹克隆固体药物制剂的溶出 特性尚不够理想的缺陷, 而提供一种操作更简便, 污染更小, 没有前述安全 隐患, 且能保证所得固体制剂具有优异的溶出特性、 稳定性和含量均匀度的 制备方法, 以及由该方法制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明人另辟蹊径, 独特的采用酸性溶液溶解右 旋佐匹克隆, 之后在制粒过程中, 降低体系酸性, 并使药物回复固体状态, 从而避免了机械粉碎处理的诸多缺陷。 并且, 本发明人还意外发现, 该方法 所制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂具有优异的溶出特性、 稳定性和含量均匀 度。
本发明的制备方法包括如下歩骤:将右旋佐匹克隆溶于含酸化剂的酸性 溶液中, 制得含药酸性液; 之后, 将碱化剂、 辅料和所述的含药酸性液均匀 混合, 进行湿法制粒; 其中, 所述的碱化剂为使碱化剂与含药酸性液的混合 液的酸性相对于含药酸性液的酸性降低的试剂。
本发明中, 所述的右旋佐匹克隆为水难溶性弱碱性活性药物, 其用量根 据右旋佐匹克隆在固体制剂中的常规含量确定,一般为湿法制粒干物料的质 量百分比 0.2〜10%, 较佳的为 1〜5%。 根据需要, 除右旋佐匹克隆外, 还 可加入其他药物活性成分, 制备为右旋佐匹克隆复方固体制剂。
本发明中,所述的酸化剂是指能使右旋佐匹克隆完全溶解于含酸化剂的 酸性溶液中的酸性试剂。 根据本领域常识, 所述的酸化剂应为药学上可接受 的, 且与右旋佐匹克隆相配伍的试剂。 本发明中, 所述的配伍是指可共存, 无不良影响。 所述的酸化剂可为单一的酸化剂, 也可为两种以上成分组成的 复合酸化剂, 可选自各种酸, 例如无机强酸、 无机中强酸和有机弱酸中的一 种或多种, 较佳的选自盐酸、 枸橼酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 富马酸、 琥珀酸、 马来酸、 乳酸、 醋酸和磷酸中的一种或多种, 更佳的为盐酸、 枸橼酸、 苹果 酸或酒石酸, 最佳的为盐酸。
所述的酸化剂的用量至少为能使右旋佐匹克隆完全溶解的最小量, 较 佳的为此最小量的 1〜1.2倍, 最佳的为 1〜1.05倍。 可溶解右旋佐匹克隆的酸 化剂的量与诸多因素有关, 如酸化剂种类、 溶剂种类、 酸化剂中可与右旋 佐匹克隆的碱性中心相结合的氢离子数、 以及含药酸性液配制条件 (如温 度)等有关。 其中, 所述的碱性中心是指右旋佐匹克隆中可与酸化剂分子中 氢离子结合的基团或部位。 因此, 上述最小量是指在同一溶剂和含药酸性 液配制条件下, 某种酸化剂可将右旋佐匹克隆完全溶解的最小量。 通过简 单的常规方法即可确定该最小量: 在同一溶剂和含药酸性液配制条件下, 采用逐渐增大该酸化剂的用量溶解右旋佐匹克隆, 刚好完全溶解时, 即为 最小量。 本发明人经大量实验摸索得出, 具体而言, 酸化剂与右旋佐匹克 隆的摩尔比值一般为 0.7〜1.2, 较佳的为 0.9〜1.1。
本发明特别优选: 右旋佐匹克隆摩尔量 0.75〜1.05倍的盐酸, 或右旋佐 匹克隆摩尔量 0.9〜1.1倍的枸橼酸。
本发明中,所述的含酸化剂的酸性溶液中的溶剂可为水或者水和有机溶 剂的混合液, 优选水。所述的有机溶剂根据其对右旋佐匹克隆的溶解性优于 水的原则在药剂领域可接受的溶剂中进行选择,较佳的为能与水混溶的有机 溶剂, 如药剂领域常用的水溶性醇类溶剂, 如乙醇、 丙二醇、 丙三醇、 丙酮、 异丙醇和叔丁醇等, 优选乙醇。 水与有机溶剂的混合液中, 有机溶剂的用量 可任意选择。 当使用乙醇水溶液为溶剂时, 乙醇的浓度较佳的为质量百分比
10〜95%, 更佳的为 30〜70%。所述的酸性溶液中溶剂的用量至少为湿法制粒 所需制粒液的最小量, 一般为湿法制粒干物料的质量百分比 5〜100%, 较佳 的为 10〜50%。
在制备含药酸性液时, 可加入一些辅料, 如粘合剂、 表面活性剂、 增溶 剂和固体分散体的水溶性载体等。较佳的, 在将右旋佐匹克隆溶于含酸化剂 的酸性溶液中的同时和 /或之后,还加入表面活性剂、增溶剂和固体分散体的 水溶性载体中的一种或多种, 然后将所得含药酸性液进行后续歩骤, 即与碱 化剂和辅料均匀混合, 进行湿法制粒。 其中, 将固体分散体的水溶性载体与 右旋佐匹克隆同时加入含酸化剂的酸性溶液中时, 此时加入的固体分散体的 水溶性载体的量需控制在能保证右旋佐匹克隆完全溶解于含酸化剂的酸性 溶液中的量以下; 之后还可以再向该溶液中加入固体分散体的水溶性载体, 当加入量较大时, 所得含药酸性液可能为悬浊液或粘稠液形式。 本发明特别 优选加入聚维酮、 聚乙二醇 (优选聚乙二醇 400-8000)、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 泊洛沙姆、 吐温 -80、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、 硬脂酸聚烃氧 40酯、 β -环糊精、 羟 丙基 β -环糊精、 乳糖、 甘露醇、 蔗糖和麦芽糖醇中的一种或多种。 所述的 表面活性剂和 /或增溶剂的加入量较佳的为右旋佐匹克隆质量的 0.05〜5倍。 所述的固体分散体的水溶性载体的加入量较佳的为右旋佐匹克隆质量的 1〜10倍。 按上述操作加入表面活性剂和 /或增溶剂, 可增加右旋佐匹克隆在 酸性溶液中的溶解度, 减少溶剂用量, 利于后续制粒歩骤的操作。 更值得一 提的是, 按上述操作加入表面活性剂、 增溶剂和固体分散体的水溶性载体中 的一种或多种, 尤其是固体分散体的水溶性载体可使所得右旋佐匹克隆固体 制剂的溶出特性更佳。
本发明中,所述的碱化剂是指能使碱化剂与含药酸性液的混合液的酸性 相对于含药酸性液的酸性降低的试剂, 例如无机强碱 (如氢氧化钠)、 弱酸 强碱盐 (如碳酸钠、 磷酸氢二钠, 以及有机弱酸的共轭碱(如枸橼酸钠、 酒 石酸钠、 苹果酸钠和醋酸钠)), 或酸性低于强酸性酸化剂, 且能与其形成缓 冲对的酸。 根据本领域常识, 所述的碱化剂应为药学上可接受的, 且与右旋 佐匹克隆相配伍的试剂。
较佳的, 本发明优选下述类型的酸化剂和碱化剂的组合:
类型 1 : 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机强碱, 如盐酸 和氢氧化钠。
类型 2: 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机弱酸强碱盐, 如盐酸和碳酸钠, 或盐酸和磷酸氢二钠。
类型 3 : 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为有机弱酸强碱盐, 如盐酸和枸橼酸钠, 盐酸和酒石酸钠, 或盐酸和苹果酸钠。
类型 4: 所述的酸化剂为有机弱酸, 所述的碱化剂为该有机弱酸的共轭 碱, 酸化剂和碱化剂组成互为共轭酸碱的缓冲对, 例如枸橼酸、 酒石酸或苹 果酸与其相应的共轭碱组成的缓冲对, 优选枸橼酸和枸橼酸钠缓冲对。
类型 5 : 所述的酸化剂为有机弱酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机强碱或无机弱 酸强碱盐, 酸化剂和碱化剂形成缓冲对, 如枸橼酸和碳酸钠, 苹果酸和碳酸 钠, 苹果酸和磷酸氢二钠, 或枸橼酸和磷酸氢二钠。
类型 6: 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为弱酸, 且能与其形 成缓冲对的酸, 例如, 盐酸和甘氨酸, 或盐酸和丙氨酸。
所述的碱化剂的量为至少能使碱化剂与含药酸性液的混合液的酸性相 对于含药酸性液的酸性降低的量。较佳的, 酸化剂与碱化剂的用量满足下述 关系: 式 1所得值为 0.1〜1.5, 更佳的为 0.3〜1.2。
(碱化剂摩尔数 X A) I (酸化剂摩尔数 X B ) 式 1
其中, 当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 1、 2或 5时, A为碱化剂分子阴离子总价 态数一碱化剂分子中的氢离子数;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 1、 2、 3或 6时, B为酸化剂分子中的氢离 子数;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 4时, A/B为 1 ; 当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 5时, B为 1 ;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 3或 6时, A为 1。
本发明最优选: 式 1值为 0.9〜1.1的盐酸和碳酸钠、 式 1值为 0.9〜1.05 的盐酸和氢氧化钠、 或式 1值为 0.4〜1.2 的枸橼酸和枸橼酸钠。
本发明中, 所述的辅料可选自本领域任何已知的并广泛使用的辅料, 如 填充剂、 粘合剂、 崩解剂和润滑剂等等。 所述的辅料的含量可按照本领域常 规知识进行选择。 其中, 所述的填充剂较佳的为乳糖、 微晶纤维素、 预胶化 淀粉、 淀粉、 甘露醇、 蔗糖、 和麦芽糖醇中的一种或多种。 所述的粘合剂较 佳的为羟丙甲纤维素、 聚维酮和甲基纤维素中的一种或多种。所说的崩解剂 较佳的为羧甲淀粉钠、 羟丙纤维素、 交联聚乙烯吡咯垸酮和交联羧甲基纤维 素钠中的一种或多种。 所述的润滑剂较佳的为胶态二氧化硅、 硬脂酸富马酸 钠、滑石粉或硬脂酸镁。所述的辅料的含量可按照本领域常规知识进行选择。
本发明中,所述的湿法制粒可按照本领域属于湿法制粒范畴的各种制粒 方法的常规歩骤和条件进行, 如挤压制粒(如摇摆机挤压、 螺旋挤压和旋转 挤压等)、 搅拌制粒、 流化喷雾制粒和离心喷雾制粒等, 优选挤压制粒或搅 拌制粒。
较佳的, 所述的将碱化剂、 辅料和所述的含药酸性液均匀混合, 进行湿 法制粒的具体操作按下述方式中的任一种进行: 方式 (1 ) 将碱化剂或含碱 化剂的溶液和辅料均匀混合, 再与含药酸性液均匀混合, 进行挤压制粒或搅 拌制粒; 方式 (2)将含药酸性液与, 碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液均匀的混合, 得制粒液, 之后再将该制粒液与辅料进行挤压制粒、 搅拌制粒、 流化喷雾制 粒或离心喷雾制粒等; 方式 (3 ) 将含药酸性液与辅料均匀的混合, 之后再 与含碱化剂的溶液均匀的混合, 进行挤压制粒或搅拌制粒。 方式 (4 ) 将含 药酸性液与, 1/3以下的辅料, 以及碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液均匀的混合(具 体操作可为: 先将 1/3以下的辅料和碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液均匀混合, 再 将所得混合物与含药酸性液混合, 或者, 先将 1/3以下的辅料和含药酸性液 混合, 再与碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液均匀混合), 之后再与剩余辅料混合进 行挤压制粒或搅拌制粒。 所述的 1/3以下的辅料中的辅料较佳的为水溶性辅 料。 所述的 1/3以下通常可为 1/5〜1/10以下。 上述方式中, 所述的含碱化剂 的溶液是指, 按本领域常规操作, 用少量溶剂溶解碱化剂所得的溶液, 以方 便进行混匀歩骤; 所述的溶剂可为水或水和有机溶剂的混合液。 所述的有机 溶剂同前述。
湿法制粒完成后, 可直接得到右旋佐匹克隆固体颗粒制剂, 也可作为制 剂中间体, 经进一歩的常规歩骤, 制得片剂或胶囊剂等其他形式的右旋佐匹 克隆固体制剂。
本发明中, 上述各优选条件, 可在符合本领域常识的基础上任意组合, 即可得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明中, 所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
进一歩的, 本发明还涉及由上述方法制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂。 本发明的积极进歩效果在于: (1 )本发明的制备方法避免了机械粉碎处 理右旋佐匹克隆所带来的污染严重、 损耗大和安全隐患严重的缺陷, 其操作 简便易行, 安全系数高, 易应用于工业化生产。 (2)本发明的制备方法制得 的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂的溶出特性较现有技术有显著的提高, 生物利用度 高, 个体差异小。 (3 )本发明的制备方法制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂具有 较佳的稳定性和含量均匀度。
具体实施方式
下面用实施例来进一歩说明本发明, 但本发明并不受其限制。 下列实施 例中, 未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件, 或按照设备制造厂 商所建议的条件。
剂型规格以右旋佐匹克隆含量计, 如 2mg/片是指每片中含右旋佐匹克 隆 2mg。
用量单位为克, 百分比为质量百分比。 右旋佐匹克隆和溶剂的质量百分比为占湿法制粒干物料的质量百分比。 其中, 溶剂的用量包括酸化剂和碱化剂的水溶液中的水。
对比实施例 1与实施例 1右旋佐匹克隆片 (3mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000009_0001
右旋佐匹克隆片 (3mg/片)配方及制备方法 药物 右旋佐匹克隆 3 (2.9%, 无预处理)
乳糖 62.4、 微晶纤维素 30、 羟丙纤维素 5、 泊洛沙姆 1、 辅料
羟丙甲纤维素 0.33、 胶态二氧化硅 0.2、 硬脂酸镁 0.6 溶剂 水 22 (20.9)
片 酸化剂 枸橼酸一水合物 1.65 (与右旋佐匹克隆摩尔比值: 1.02) 心
碱化剂 枸橼酸钠二水合物 1 (式 1值: 0.43 )
将羟丙甲纤维素用 80°C热水分散后加水搅拌溶解,与右旋佐匹克隆、 制备 泊洛沙姆、 枸橼酸和余下的水配制成含药酸性液, 乳糖、 微晶纤维素、 工艺 羟丙纤维素和枸橼酸钠混合均勾, 加入含药酸性液进行搅拌制粒, 湿颗 粒干燥后整粒, 加入硬脂酸镁和胶态二氧化硅混合均勾后压片。
原料 薄膜包衣预混料 (胃溶欧巴代) 4、 水 18
制备 在水中边搅拌边加入欧巴代粉末, 加完后继续搅拌 45分钟, 配成包 衣
工艺 衣溶液, 对片芯进行薄膜包衣。 实施例 3 右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
药物 右旋佐匹克隆 2 (2.8%, 无预处理)
乳糖 40、 微晶纤维素 25、 聚维酮 K30 1.5、 甘露醇 2、 辅料
羧甲淀粉钠 1、 胶态二氧化硅 0.2、 硬脂酸镁 0.3
溶剂 水 13 (22.9%)
酸化剂 5%盐酸水溶液 3.8 (与右旋佐匹克隆摩尔比值: 1.01 ) 片
心 碱化剂 碳酸钠 0.27 (式 1值: 0.98 )
将右旋佐匹克隆、 甘露醇、 聚维酮 Κ30、 5%盐酸水溶液和水配制成 含药酸性液, 乳糖、 微晶纤维素和羧甲淀粉钠混合均勾, 加入含药酸性 制备
液进行混合制粒, 边搅拌边加入碳酸钠溶液 (碳酸钠溶于少量水中) 后 工艺
继续搅拌制粒, 湿颗粒干燥后整粒, 加入硬脂酸镁和胶态二氧化硅, 混 合均勾后压片。
原料 薄膜包衣预混料 (胃溶欧巴代) 3、 水 13
制备 在水中边搅拌边加入欧巴代粉末, 加完后继续搅拌 45分钟, 配成包 衣
工艺 衣溶液, 对片芯进行薄膜包衣。 右旋佐匹克隆片 (lmg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000011_0001
右旋佐匹克隆片 (lmg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000011_0002
实施例 6右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000012_0001
实施例 7右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000012_0002
右旋佐匹克隆片 (6mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000013_0001
右旋佐匹克隆片 (lmg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000013_0002
实施例 10右旋佐匹克隆片 (lmg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000014_0001
实施例 12 右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000015_0001
实施例 13 右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)
Figure imgf000015_0002
实施例 14 右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)
Figure imgf000016_0001
实施例 15 右旋佐匹克隆片 (lmg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000016_0002
实施例 16右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000017_0001
实施例 17 右旋佐匹克隆胶囊 (3mg/粒)配方及制备方法 取实施例 1压片前的颗粒过 30目筛, 装入硬胶囊内。 实施例 18 右旋佐匹克隆胶囊 (2mg/粒)配方及制备方法 取实施例 3压片前的颗粒过 30目筛, 装入硬胶囊内。 实施例 19右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000017_0002
搅拌制粒, 湿颗粒干燥后整粒, 加入硬脂酸镁、 交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和 胶态二氧化硅, 混合均勾后压片。
原料 薄膜包衣预混料 (胃溶欧巴代) 3、 水 13
制备 在水中边搅拌边加入欧巴代粉末, 加完后继续搅拌 45分钟, 配成包 衣
工艺 衣溶液, 对片芯进行薄膜包衣。
实施例 20 右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000018_0001
实施例 21右旋佐匹克隆片 (2mg/片)配方及制备方法
Figure imgf000018_0002
工艺 药酸性液, 加入 1/5量的乳糖, 边搅拌边加入枸橼酸钠液(枸橼酸钠溶于 1/4量水中), 再加入到微晶纤维素、 2/3量羧甲淀粉钠和余下的乳糖中进 行搅拌制粒, 湿颗粒干燥后整粒, 与硬脂酸镁、胶态二氧化硅和 1/3量羧 甲淀粉钠混合均勾后压片。
原料 薄膜包衣预混料 (胃溶欧巴代) 2.5、 水 11
制备 在水中边搅拌边加入欧巴代粉末, 加完后继续搅拌 45分钟, 配成包 衣
工艺 衣液, 对片芯进行薄膜包衣。
实施例 22 右旋佐匹克隆胶囊 (2mg/粒) 配方及制备方法
取实施例 20压片前的颗粒过 30目筛后混合均匀, 装入硬胶囊内。 效果实施例 1 溶出度比较试验
样品: 对比实施例 1、 实施例 1〜4、 6、 17和 19的右旋佐匹克隆片 溶出度测定方法: 取样品, 照溶出度测定法 (中国药典 2005年版二部 附录 X C第三法), 以水 200ml为溶剂, 转速为每分钟 50转, 依法操作, 并配制对照溶液。按紫外-可见分光光度法(中国药典 2005年版二部附录 IV A) , 在 304nm的波长处分别测定吸光度, 计算出每片的溶出量。
Figure imgf000019_0001
效果实施例 2 稳定性比较实验
样品: 对比实施例 1、 实施例 1〜3、 6和 17的右旋佐匹克隆片或胶囊 稳定性加速试验: 将样品分别置高密度聚乙烯塑料瓶中, 密封, 放入加 速考察箱中,于温度 40°C±2°C,相对湿度 75%±5%条件进行 3个月的加速试 验后, 进行相关项目的稳定性测定。
含量测定方法: 取样品适量 (相当于右旋佐匹克隆 3mg), 置 250ml量 瓶中, 加 0.02mol/L盐酸适量, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液作为供试品溶液; 另 取右旋佐匹克隆对照品适量, 用 0.02mol/L盐酸制成每 1ml中含 12μ§的溶 液, 作为对照溶液。 照紫外-可见分光光度法 (中国药典 2005年版二部附录 IV Α) , 在 304nm的波长处分别测定吸光度, 计算含量。
溶出度测定方法同效果实施例 1。
有关物质测定方法: 按照高效液相色谱法 (中国药典 2005年版二部附 录 V D) 测定, 用十八垸基硅垸键合硅胶为填充剂; 以乙腈 -0.05mol/L硫 酸铵溶液 (40:60) 为流动相; 检测波长为 304nm。 供试品溶液的色谱图与 对照溶液色谱图比较。
Figure imgf000020_0001
效果实施例 3 含量均匀度比较实验
样品: 对比实施例 1和实施例 1和 7的右旋佐匹克隆片
测试方法: 照中国药典 2005年版附录 XE含量均匀度检查法, 测定每
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂的制备方法, 其特征在于其包括如下歩 骤: 将右旋佐匹克隆溶于含酸化剂的酸性溶液中, 制得含药酸性液; 之后, 将碱化剂、 辅料和所述的含药酸性液均匀混合, 进行湿法制粒; 其中, 所述 的碱化剂为使碱化剂与含药酸性液的混合液的酸性相对于含药酸性液的酸 性降低的试剂。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的右旋佐匹克隆的用 量为湿法制粒干物料的质量百分比 0.2〜10%, 较佳的为 1〜5%。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂为无机 强酸、 无机中强酸和有机弱酸中的一种或多种,
较佳的选自盐酸、 枸橼酸、 酒石酸、 苹果酸、 富马酸、 琥珀酸、 马来酸、 乳酸、 醋酸和磷酸中的一种或多种,
更佳的为盐酸、 枸橼酸、 苹果酸或酒石酸。
4、 如权利要求 1〜3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂的 用量为能使右旋佐匹克隆溶解形成所述的含药酸性液的最小量的 1〜1.2倍, 更佳的为 1〜1.05倍。
5、 如权利要求 1〜3任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂与 右旋佐匹克隆的摩尔比值为 0.7〜1.2, 更佳的为 0.9〜1.1。
6、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂为右旋 佐匹克隆摩尔量 0.75〜1.05倍的盐酸, 或右旋佐匹克隆摩尔量 0.9〜1.1倍的枸 橼酸。
7、 如权利要求 1〜6任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的碱化剂为 无机强碱、 弱酸强碱盐、 有机弱酸的共轭碱、 或酸性低于强酸性酸化剂, 且能与其形成缓冲对的酸,
较佳的为氢氧化钠、 碳酸钠、 磷酸氢二钠、 枸橼酸钠、 酒石酸钠、 苹 果酸钠、 醋酸钠、 甘氨酸和丙氨酸中的一种或多种。
8、 如权利要求 1〜7任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂和 碱化剂为下述类型中的任一种:
类型 1 : 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机强碱; 类型 2: 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机弱酸强碱盐; 类型 3 : 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为有机弱酸强碱盐; 类型 4: 所述的酸化剂为有机弱酸, 所述的碱化剂为该有机弱酸的共轭 碱;
类型 5 : 所述的酸化剂为有机弱酸, 所述的碱化剂为无机强碱或无机弱 酸强碱盐; 和
类型 6: 所述的酸化剂为无机强酸, 所述的碱化剂为弱酸, 且能与其形 成缓冲对的酸;
较佳的, 所述的酸化剂和碱化剂为: 盐酸和氢氧化钠, 盐酸和碳酸钠, 盐酸和磷酸氢二钠, 盐酸和枸橼酸钠, 盐酸和酒石酸钠, 盐酸和苹果酸钠, 枸橼酸和枸橼酸钠, 酒石酸和酒石酸钠, 苹果酸和苹果酸钠, 枸橼酸和碳酸 钠, 苹果酸和碳酸钠、 苹果酸与磷酸氢二钠, 枸橼酸和磷酸氢二钠、 盐酸和 甘氨酸, 或盐酸和丙氨酸。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂与碱化剂的 用量满足下述关系: 式 1所得值为 0.1〜1.5, 更佳的为 0.3〜1.2;
(碱化剂摩尔数 X A) I (酸化剂摩尔数 X B ) 式 1
其中, 当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 1、 2或 5时, A为碱化剂分子阴离子总价 态数一碱化剂分子中的氢离子数;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 1、 2、 3或 6时, B为酸化剂分子中的氢离 子数;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 4时, A/B为 1 ;
当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 5时, B为 1 ; 当酸化剂和碱化剂为类型 3或 6时, A为 1。
10、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸化剂和碱化 剂为式 1值为 0.9〜1.1的盐酸与碳酸钠、 式 1值为 0.9〜1.05的盐酸和氢氧化 钠、 或式 1值为 0.4〜 1.2 的枸橼酸与枸橼酸钠。
11、 如权利要求 1〜10任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的含酸化 剂的酸性溶液中的溶剂为水或者水和有机溶剂的混合液; 所述的有机溶剂为 对右旋佐匹克隆的溶解性优于水的药剂领域可接受的溶剂;
所述的水和有机溶剂的混合液较佳的为质量百分比 10〜95%, 更佳的为 30〜70%的乙醇水溶液。
12、 如权利要求 1〜11任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的酸性溶 液中溶剂的用量为湿法制粒干物料的质量百分比 5〜100%, 更佳的为 10〜50%。
13、 如权利要求 1〜12任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 在所述的将右 旋佐匹克隆溶于含酸化剂的酸性溶液中的同时和 /或之后, 还加入表面活性 剂、 增溶剂和固体分散体的水溶性载体中的一种或多种, 然后将所得含药酸 性液与碱化剂和辅料均匀混合, 进行湿法制粒;
其中,将固体分散体的水溶性载体与右旋佐匹克隆同时加入含酸化剂的 酸性溶液中时,此时加入的固体分散体的水溶性载体的量需控制在能保证右 旋佐匹匹克隆完全溶解于含酸化剂的酸性溶液中的量以下;
所述的表面活性剂、增溶剂和固体分散体的水溶性载体中的一种或多种 较佳的为聚维酮、 聚乙二醇、 十二垸基硫酸钠、 泊洛沙姆、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 硬脂酸聚烃氧 40酯、 吐温 -80、 β -环糊精、 羟丙基 β -环糊精、 乳糖、 甘露 醇、 蔗糖和麦芽糖醇中的一种或多种。
14、 如权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的表面活性剂和 /或 增溶剂的加入量为右旋佐匹克隆质量的 0.05〜5倍;所述的固体分散体的水溶 性载体的加入量为右旋佐匹克隆质量的 1〜10倍。
15、 如权利要求 1〜14任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的将碱化 剂、 辅料和所述的含药酸性液均匀混合, 进行湿法制粒的具体操作方式选自 下述方式中的任一种:
方式 (1 ) 将碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液和辅料均匀混合, 再与含药酸性 液均匀混合, 进行挤压制粒或搅拌制粒;
方式 (2 ) 将含药酸性液与, 碱化剂或含碱化剂的溶液均匀的混合, 得 制粒液, 之后再将该制粒液与辅料进行挤压制粒、 搅拌制粒、 流化喷雾制粒 或离心喷雾制粒;
方式 (3 ) 将含药酸性液与辅料均匀的混合, 之后再与含碱化剂的溶液 均匀的混合, 进行挤压制粒或搅拌制粒; 和
方式(4)将含药酸性液与, 1/3以下的辅料, 以及碱化剂或含碱化剂的 溶液均匀的混合, 之后再与剩余辅料混合进行挤压制粒或搅拌制粒; 所述的 1/3以下的辅料中的辅料较佳的为水溶性辅料。
16、 如权利要求 1〜15任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于: 将如权利要求 1〜15任一项所述的的方法制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体颗粒,经进一歩的常规歩 骤, 制得右旋佐匹克隆片剂或右旋佐匹克隆胶囊剂。
17、如权利要求 1〜16任一项所述的方法制得的右旋佐匹克隆固体制剂。
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