WO2011064841A1 - 半導体装置の冷却構造 - Google Patents
半導体装置の冷却構造 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011064841A1 WO2011064841A1 PCT/JP2009/069825 JP2009069825W WO2011064841A1 WO 2011064841 A1 WO2011064841 A1 WO 2011064841A1 JP 2009069825 W JP2009069825 W JP 2009069825W WO 2011064841 A1 WO2011064841 A1 WO 2011064841A1
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- heat
- semiconductor element
- radiator
- semiconductor
- semiconductor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
- H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/07—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L29/00
- H01L25/074—Stacked arrangements of non-apertured devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
- H01L2224/321—Disposition
- H01L2224/32151—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/32221—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/32245—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/33—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of layer connectors
- H01L2224/331—Disposition
- H01L2224/3318—Disposition being disposed on at least two different sides of the body, e.g. dual array
- H01L2224/33181—On opposite sides of the body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
- H01L2924/13055—Insulated gate bipolar transistor [IGBT]
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a semiconductor device cooling structure, and more particularly to a semiconductor device cooling structure applied to an inverter mounted on a vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor device for preventing the device from becoming large (Patent Document 1).
- the semiconductor device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element, a first radiator stacked on the first semiconductor element via the first power substrate, and a second power substrate. And a second heat radiator stacked on the second semiconductor element.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a semiconductor stack that can be assembled with a reduced number of parts and can be reduced in size and weight.
- the semiconductor stack disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a heat pipe radiator in which a heat receiving block is embedded in one end of a heat pipe and a heat radiating fin is attached to the other end of the heat pipe.
- a plurality of heat pipe radiators having such a configuration and a plurality of semiconductor elements are stacked so as to have a sandwich structure.
- JP 2008-42074 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-7860
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to provide a cooling structure for a semiconductor device that can realize excellent cooling efficiency.
- a cooling structure for a semiconductor device includes an electrode, a first semiconductor element and a second semiconductor element that are arranged to face each other with the electrode interposed therebetween, and an opposite side of the electrode with respect to the first semiconductor element. And a second radiator disposed on the opposite side of the electrode with respect to the second semiconductor element.
- the electrode includes an element mounting part and a heat transport part.
- the element mounting portion is electrically connected to the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element and is formed from a conductive material.
- the heat transport part is extended from the element mounting part toward the first radiator and the second radiator.
- the heat generated in the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element can be transmitted to the first radiator and the second radiator through the transport portion. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element can be improved.
- the heat transport portion extends from the element mounting portion in a direction orthogonal to the facing direction of the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element.
- the heat transport part is formed of a thermal conductivity anisotropic member in which the heat transfer coefficient in the extending direction of the heat transport part is larger than the heat transfer coefficient in the facing direction of the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element.
- the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transport portion in the facing direction of the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element is small, the heat generation occurs in the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element. It is possible to effectively suppress interference between the heated heats. Moreover, since the heat transfer coefficient in the extending direction of the heat transport part is large, the heat generated in the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element is efficiently transmitted to the first radiator and the second radiator through the heat transport part. be able to.
- the thermal conductivity anisotropic member is made of a heat pipe or oriented graphite.
- the heat conductivity anisotropic member in which the heat transfer coefficient in the extending direction of the heat transport portion is larger than the heat transfer coefficient in the facing direction of the semiconductor element is made of a heat pipe or oriented graphite.
- the heat transport portion is formed of an insulating material having high thermal conductivity.
- the heat transport part is provided so as to be interposed between the first radiator and the second radiator and the element mounting part. According to the cooling structure of the semiconductor device configured as described above, the first heat radiator, the second heat radiator, and the conductive portion can be electrically insulated by the heat transport portion.
- the element mounting portion is a bus bar formed of copper or aluminum.
- the heat transport portion is formed from aluminum nitride or a highly thermally conductive resin provided so as to cover the bus bar. According to the cooling structure of the semiconductor device configured as described above, an electrical connection is made between the first radiator and the second radiator and the bus bar made of copper or aluminum by using aluminum nitride or a resin having high thermal conductivity. Can be insulated.
- the electrode is formed of a highly heat conductive conductive material in a form in which the element mounting portion and the heat transport portion are integrated. According to the cooling structure of the semiconductor device configured as described above, an electrode having both functions of energizing the semiconductor element and high-efficiency heat transfer can be realized with a simple configuration.
- the heat transport part is disposed at a position where the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element are opposed to each other, a heat receiving part that receives heat generated in the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element, a first radiator, A heat dissipating part that is disposed in a space between the second heat dissipator and emits heat transferred from the heat receiving part;
- the heat transport portion extends from the heat receiving portion toward the heat radiating portion.
- the element mounting portion is provided so as to cover the heat radiating portion in the space between the first heat radiator and the second heat radiator.
- the semiconductor device cooling structure includes an insulating substrate provided between the first semiconductor element and element mounting portion and the first radiator, and between the second semiconductor element and element mounting portion and the second radiator. Further prepare. According to the cooling structure of the semiconductor device configured as described above, the insulating substrate causes the first semiconductor element and the element mounting portion to be between the first radiator and the second semiconductor element and the element mounting portion to be the second radiator. Can be electrically insulated from each other.
- the insulating substrate is provided so that a portion interposed between the first semiconductor element and the first radiator and a portion interposed between the element mounting portion and the first radiator are separated from each other.
- a portion interposed between the second semiconductor element and the second radiator and a portion interposed between the element mounting portion and the second radiator are provided so as to be separated from each other.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a cooling structure of the semiconductor device along the IV-IV line in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the cooling structure for the semiconductor device in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a third modification of the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing which shows the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a drive unit of a hybrid vehicle.
- the present invention is applied to an inverter mounted on a hybrid vehicle as a vehicle.
- an HV system for driving a hybrid vehicle will be described.
- drive unit 1 is provided in a hybrid vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine and a chargeable / dischargeable battery 800 as power sources.
- the drive unit 1 includes a motor generator 100, a housing 200, a speed reduction mechanism 300, a differential mechanism 400, a drive shaft receiving portion 900, and a terminal block 600.
- the motor generator 100 is a rotating electric machine having a function as an electric motor or a generator.
- Motor generator 100 includes a rotating shaft 110, a rotor 130, and a stator 140.
- the rotating shaft 110 is rotatably attached to the housing 200 via a bearing 120.
- the rotor 130 rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 110.
- the power output from the motor generator 100 is transmitted from the speed reduction mechanism 300 to the drive shaft receiving portion 900 via the differential mechanism 400.
- the driving force transmitted to the drive shaft receiving portion 900 is transmitted as a rotational force to the wheels via the drive shaft, thereby causing the vehicle to travel.
- Motor generator 100 is driven through drive shaft receiving portion 900, differential mechanism 400 and reduction mechanism 300 by the rotational force from the wheels. At this time, the motor generator 100 operates as a generator.
- the electric power generated by the motor generator 100 is supplied to the battery 800 via a PCU (Power Control Unit) 700.
- PCU Power Control Unit
- FIG. 2 is an electric circuit diagram showing the configuration of the PCU in FIG.
- PCU 700 includes a converter 710, an inverter 720, a control device 730, capacitors C1 and C2, power supply lines PL1 to PL3, and output lines 740U, 740V, and 740W.
- Converter 710 is connected to battery 800 through power supply lines PL1 and PL3.
- Inverter 720 is connected to converter 710 through power supply lines PL2 and PL3.
- Inverter 720 is connected to motor generator 100 via output lines 740U, 740V, and 740W.
- the battery 800 is a direct current power source, and is formed of a secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. Battery 800 is charged with the DC power supplied to converter 710 or supplied from converter 710.
- Converter 710 includes an upper arm and a lower arm made of semiconductor modules, and a reactor L.
- the upper arm and the lower arm are connected in series between the power supply lines PL2 and PL3.
- the upper arm connected to the power supply line PL2 includes a power transistor (IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) Q1 and a diode D1 connected in antiparallel to the power transistor Q1.
- the lower arm connected to the power supply line PL3 includes a power transistor Q2 and a diode D2 connected in antiparallel to the power transistor Q2.
- Reactor L is connected between power supply line PL1 and a connection point between the upper arm and the lower arm.
- Converter 710 boosts the DC voltage received from battery 800 using reactor L, and supplies the boosted voltage to power supply line PL2.
- Converter 710 steps down the DC voltage received from inverter 720 and charges battery 800.
- the inverter 720 includes a U-phase arm 750U, a V-phase arm 750V, and a W-phase arm 750W.
- U-phase arm 750U, V-phase arm 750V, and W-phase arm 750W are connected in parallel between power supply lines PL2 and PL3.
- Each of U-phase arm 750U, V-phase arm 750V, and W-phase arm 750W is composed of an upper arm and a lower arm made of semiconductor modules. The upper arm and lower arm of each phase arm are connected in series between power supply lines PL2 and PL3.
- the upper arm of the U-phase arm 750U includes a power transistor (IGBT) Q3 and a diode D3 connected in antiparallel to the power transistor Q3.
- the lower arm of U-phase arm 750U includes power transistor Q4 and diode D4 connected in antiparallel to power transistor Q4.
- the upper arm of V-phase arm 750V includes power transistor Q5 and diode D5 connected in antiparallel to power transistor Q5.
- the lower arm of V-phase arm 750V includes power transistor Q6 and diode D6 connected in antiparallel to power transistor Q6.
- the upper arm of W-phase arm 750W includes power transistor Q7 and diode D7 connected in antiparallel to power transistor Q7.
- the lower arm of W-phase arm 750W includes power transistor Q8 and diode D8 connected in antiparallel to power transistor Q8.
- the connection point of the power transistor of each phase arm is connected to the anti-neutral point side of the coil of the corresponding phase of motor generator 100 via corresponding output lines 740U, 740V, and 740W.
- the upper arm and the lower arm of the U-phase arm 750U to the W-phase arm 750W are each composed of one semiconductor module composed of a power transistor and a diode is shown.
- the semiconductor module may be configured.
- Inverter 720 converts a DC voltage received from power supply line PL ⁇ b> 2 into an AC voltage based on a control signal from control device 730, and outputs the AC voltage to motor generator 100. Inverter 720 rectifies the AC voltage generated by motor generator 100 into a DC voltage and supplies it to power supply line PL2.
- the capacitor C1 is connected between the power supply lines PL1 and PL3, and smoothes the voltage level of the power supply line PL1.
- Capacitor C2 is connected between power supply lines PL2 and PL3, and smoothes the voltage level of power supply line PL2.
- Control device 730 calculates each phase coil voltage of motor generator 100 based on torque command value of motor generator 100, each phase current value, and input voltage of inverter 720. Based on the calculation result, control device 730 generates a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal for turning on / off power transistors Q3-Q8 and outputs the generated signal to inverter 720.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- Each phase current value of motor generator 100 is detected by a current sensor incorporated in a semiconductor module constituting each arm of inverter 720. This current sensor is disposed in the semiconductor module so as to improve the S / N ratio.
- Control device 730 calculates the duty ratio of power transistors Q1 and Q2 for optimizing the input voltage of inverter 720 based on the torque command value and the motor speed described above. Based on the result, control device 730 generates a PWM signal for turning on / off power transistors Q1, Q2 and outputs the PWM signal to converter 710.
- Control device 730 controls the switching operation of power transistors Q1 to Q8 in converter 710 and inverter 720 to convert the AC voltage generated by motor generator 100 into a DC voltage and charge battery 800.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a cooling structure of a semiconductor device applied to the inverter in FIG.
- semiconductor device 10 is shown in which a U-phase arm 750U, a V-phase arm 750V, and a W-phase arm 750W are stacked in one direction. Since each phase arm has the same structure, the cooling structure of semiconductor device 10 in the present embodiment will be described below with a focus on U-phase arm 750U.
- the cooling structure of semiconductor device 10 in the present embodiment includes, as its main configuration, semiconductor element 31 and semiconductor element 36 each including power transistor (IGBT) Q3 and power transistor Q4 in FIG.
- semiconductor element 31 and semiconductor element 36 each including power transistor (IGBT) Q3 and power transistor Q4 in FIG.
- IGBT power transistor
- the electrode 26 and the input electrode 27, the output electrode 50, the radiator 41 and the radiator 42 are provided.
- the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 are disposed to face each other with a distance in the direction indicated by the arrow 101 (hereinafter, the direction indicated by the arrow 101 is also referred to as a facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36). ).
- the output electrode 50 is connected to the output line 740U in FIG. 2 using a connector or wiring not shown.
- the output electrode 50 is disposed between the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36.
- the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 are arranged so as to sandwich the output electrode 50 from both sides.
- the output electrode 50 is connected to the semiconductor element 31 via the solder 33 and is connected to the semiconductor element 36 via the solder 38.
- the output electrode 50 is formed to extend in a direction indicated by an arrow 102 orthogonal to the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36.
- the output electrode 50 is formed to extend in a band shape in the direction indicated by the arrow 102.
- the output electrode 50 is formed to extend from a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other in one direction orthogonal to the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 and in the opposite direction.
- the input electrode 26 is disposed so that the semiconductor element 31 is positioned between the input electrode 26 and the output electrode 50.
- the input electrode 26 is connected to the semiconductor element 31 via the solder 32.
- the input electrode 26 is connected to the power supply line PL2 in FIG. 2 using a connector or wiring (not shown).
- the input electrode 27 is disposed so that the semiconductor element 36 is positioned between the input electrode 27 and the output electrode 50.
- the input electrode 27 is connected to the semiconductor element 36 via the solder 37.
- the input electrode 27 is connected to the power supply line PL3 in FIG. 2 using a connector or wiring (not shown).
- the input electrode 26 and the input electrode 27 are arranged in parallel. Thereby, the parasitic inductance is canceled between the input electrode 26 and the input electrode 27, and the switching loss can be reduced.
- the heat radiator 41 is disposed on the opposite side of the output electrode 50 with respect to the semiconductor element 31.
- the radiator 41 is disposed so that the input electrode 26 is positioned between the radiator 41 and the semiconductor element 31.
- the radiator 41 is connected to the input electrode 26 through an insulating substrate 46.
- the radiator 46 is disposed on the opposite side of the output electrode 50 with respect to the semiconductor element 36.
- the radiator 46 is disposed so that the input electrode 27 is positioned between the radiator 46 and the semiconductor element 36.
- the radiator 46 is connected to the input electrode 27 through an insulating substrate 47.
- the heat radiators 41 and 42 are formed to extend from a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other in a direction orthogonal to the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36.
- the radiators 41 and 42 are composed of a cooling oil passage through which a cooling oil as a refrigerant flows, and a metal having a high thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum, and a heat radiating fin. .
- the structure of the heat radiators 41 and 42 is not specifically limited, For example, you may have a structure of an air cooling system.
- the insulating substrate 46 is formed of a flat member made of an insulating material.
- the insulating substrate 46 is made of, for example, insulating ceramics.
- the insulating substrate 46 is connected to the input electrode 26 and the radiator 41 by brazing, for example.
- the insulating substrate 47 is connected to the input electrode 27 and the radiator 42 by brazing, for example.
- one semiconductor element 31 is disposed between the radiator 41 and the output electrode 50, and one semiconductor element 36 is disposed between the radiator 42 and the output electrode 50.
- U-phase arm 750U and V-phase arm 750V are provided so as to share one radiator at the boundary between them, and V-phase arm 750V and W-phase arm 750W share one radiator at the boundary between both. It is provided to do.
- the output electrode 50 includes an element mounting part 51 and a heat transport part 56.
- the element mounting part 51 is made of a conductive material such as copper.
- the element mounting portion 51 is provided so as to be electrically connected to the semiconductor elements 31 and 36. That is, the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 are mounted on the element mounting portion 51 via the solders 33 and 38.
- the element mounting part 51 has an energization function for electrically connecting the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 to an output line 740U that is an external wiring.
- the heat transporting part 56 is provided extending from the element mounting part 51 on which the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 are mounted toward the radiators 41 and 42.
- the heat transporting part 56 extends from the element mounting part 51 on which the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 are mounted in a direction indicated by an arrow 102 orthogonal to the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 (hereinafter referred to as an arrow 102).
- the direction shown is also referred to as the extending direction of the heat transport portion 56).
- the heat transport part 56 extends from the element mounting part 51 on which the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 are mounted in a direction away from the position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other.
- the heat transport part 56 extends in parallel with the radiators 41 and 42.
- the heat transport unit 56 has a heat transfer function of transmitting heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 toward the radiators 41 and 42.
- the heat transporting part 56 has a heat receiving part 60 arranged at a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other, and a heat radiating part 59 arranged in a space between the radiator 41 and the radiator 42.
- the heat transporting part 56 extends from the heat receiving part 60 toward the heat radiating part 59.
- the heat receiving unit 60 receives heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36, and the heat radiating unit 59 releases the heat transmitted from the heat receiving unit 60 toward the heat radiating units 41 and 42.
- the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transport part 56 is equal to or higher than the heat transfer coefficient of the element mounting part 51.
- the heat transfer coefficient of heat transfer portion 56 is larger than the heat transfer rate of element mounting portion 51 in the extending direction of heat transfer portion 56. .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the heat transport portion along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- heat transport portion 56 has a heat transfer coefficient in the direction of extension of heat transport portion 56 that is greater than the heat transfer rate in the facing direction of semiconductor element 31 and semiconductor element 36. It is formed from a conductivity anisotropic member. In the present embodiment, a self-excited heat pipe is used as the thermal conductivity anisotropic member.
- the heat transport section 56 has a metal plate 57 in which a heat medium path 58 is formed.
- the metal plate 57 is made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel.
- the heat medium path 58 is formed in a state of being sealed inside the metal plate 57 by vacuum.
- the heat medium path 58 extends between the heat receiving part 60 and the heat radiating part 59.
- the heat medium path 58 extends while meandering in a plane in which the metal plate 57 extends, and forms a closed path (loop hole).
- a heat medium such as water, freon, ethanol, and ammonia is sealed.
- the heat medium is sealed, for example, in a volume ratio of 50% with respect to the heat medium path 58.
- the refrigerant is received by the heat receiving portion 60 and the heat radiating portion due to the pump effect caused by the pressure increase due to the refrigerant evaporation at the heat receiving portion 60 and the pressure drop due to the vapor condensation at the heat radiating portion 59.
- Heat transfer is performed while vibrating between 59 and 59.
- the sensible heat of the liquid refrigerant movement is added to the latent heat due to the refrigerant evaporation in the heat receiving section 60, and a large transport capacity can be exhibited. it can.
- there is a merit that the influence of the installation posture is small compared to a heat pipe using a wick structure.
- the heat medium path 58 formed of a self-excited heat pipe has a characteristic that the heat transfer coefficient in the thickness direction is smaller than the surface direction of the metal plate 57. Whereas it is several thousand W / mK, the heat transfer coefficient in the thickness direction is 1/10 or less (aluminum: 200 W / mK, copper: 400 W / mK).
- a self-excited heat pipe is used for the heat transport section 56, but a heat pipe having a wick structure may be used.
- the element mounting part 51 includes a joint part 51p, an external connection part 51q, and a heat transfer part 51r.
- the junction 51p is disposed at a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other.
- the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 are bonded to the bonding portion 51p via the solder 33 and the solder 38, respectively.
- the joint portion 51p is provided so as to cover the heat receiving portion 60.
- the external connection part 51q and the heat transfer part 51r are arranged so that the joint part 51p is positioned between them in the extending direction of the heat transport part 56.
- a connector or wiring (not shown) is connected to the external connection portion 51q, and the element mounting portion 51 and the output line 740U in FIG. 2 are electrically connected.
- the heat transfer part 51r is provided so as to cover the heat radiating part 59 and fill the space between the heat radiator 41 and the heat radiator 46.
- the heat transfer portion 51 r is connected to the heat radiator 41 via the insulating substrate 46 and is connected to the heat radiator 42 via the insulating substrate 47. Thereby, between the heat radiators 41 and 42 and the heat transfer part 51r is electrically insulated.
- the heat transfer portion 51r has a thick structure in which the thickness is larger than the thickness at the joint portion 51p and the external connection portion 51q.
- the path of heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 is indicated by arrows.
- large heat is generated in semiconductor elements 31 and 36 with the operation of inverter 720 in FIG. 2.
- the heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 is transmitted to the heat receiving part 60 of the heat transport part 56 through the solders 33 and 38 and the joint part 51p of the element mounting part 51.
- the thermal conductivity anisotropic member forming the heat transport part 56 has a characteristic that the heat transfer coefficient in the thickness direction is smaller than the extending direction of the heat transport part 56. For this reason, the phenomenon in which the heat generated in the semiconductor element 31 and the heat generated in the semiconductor element 36 interfere can be effectively suppressed.
- the heat transmitted to the heat receiving unit 60 is efficiently transferred from the heat receiving unit 60 to the heat radiating unit 59 due to the thermal conductivity anisotropy of the heat transport unit 56.
- the heat transmitted to the heat radiating part 59 is further transmitted to the heat radiators 41 and 42 through the heat transfer part 51r of the element mounting part 51, and is radiated by heat exchange with the cooling oil inside the heat radiators 41 and 42.
- the heat generated in the semiconductor element 31 is transmitted to the radiator 41 through the input electrode 26, and the heat generated in the semiconductor element 36 is transmitted to the radiator 42 through the input electrode 27.
- the effect of both-side cooling that cools the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 from both sides is obtained.
- the cooling structure of the semiconductor device 10 in the present embodiment is realized by the output electrode 50 that is an integrated part having the energization function by the element mounting portion 51 and the heat transfer function by the heat transport portion 56, The number of parts of the apparatus 10 can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the cooling structure of the semiconductor device 10 according to the present embodiment includes an output electrode 50 as an electrode and The semiconductor element 31 as the first semiconductor element and the semiconductor element 36 as the second semiconductor element, which are arranged to face each other with the output electrode 50 interposed therebetween, and the semiconductor element 31 on the opposite side of the output electrode 50 And a radiator 42 as a second radiator disposed on the opposite side of the output electrode 50 with respect to the semiconductor element 36.
- the output electrode 50 includes an element mounting part 51 and a heat transport part 56.
- the element mounting portion 51 is electrically connected to the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 and is formed from a conductive material.
- the heat transporting part 56 extends from the element mounting part 51 toward the radiator 41 and the radiator 42.
- semiconductor element 31 and semiconductor element 36 are arranged on both sides of output electrode 50, and output electrode 50 is further arranged.
- the cooling efficiency of the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 can be improved.
- U-phase arm 750U, V-phase arm 750V, and W-phase arm 750W shown in FIG. 3 is merely an example.
- a structure in which semiconductor devices are stacked in multiple stages may be used.
- the arms may be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in FIG.
- the output electrode 50 is configured to have a heat transporting portion 66 instead of the heat transporting portion 56 in FIG.
- the heat transporting part 66 has a heat receiving part 67 arranged at a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other, and a heat radiating part 68 arranged in a space between the radiator 41 and the radiator 42.
- the heat receiving portion 67 extends toward the heat radiating portion 68.
- the heat transporting part 66 is formed of a thermal conductivity anisotropic member in which the heat transfer coefficient in the extending direction of the heat transporting part 66 is larger than the heat transfer coefficient in the facing direction of the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36. Yes.
- high thermal conductivity graphite is used as the thermal conductivity anisotropic member.
- High thermal conductivity graphite has a dense two-dimensional crystal structure, and is used as a material in which thermal conduction by phonons is dramatically improved in the plane direction.
- the heat transport portion 66 formed to have a large thickness in the heat radiating portion 68 is shown, but the heat transfer coefficient of the heat transfer portion 51 r of the element mounting portion 51 is made of high heat conductive graphite.
- the thick part of the heat radiating part 68 may be replaced with the metal forming the element mounting part 51.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modification of the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in FIG.
- output electrode 50 is formed of a highly heat conductive conductive material in a form in which element mounting portion 51 and heat transport portion 56 are integrated.
- An example of such a highly heat conductive conductive material is copper.
- the output electrode 50 has a space between the heat receiving side joint portion 50p arranged at a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other, and the radiator 41 and the radiator 46. It has a heat transfer portion 50r on the heat radiation side provided so as to be buried, and an external connection portion 50q that is arranged on the opposite side of the heat transfer portion 50r with respect to the joint portion 50p and to which a connector, wiring, or the like (not shown) is connected.
- the heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 is transferred to the joint 50p through the solders 33 and 38.
- the heat transferred to the joint 50p is transferred to the heat transfer portion 50r and is radiated by the radiators 41 and 42.
- the output electrode 50 is formed of a conductive material, energization is ensured between the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 and the outside through the junction part 50p and the external connection part 50q.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a third modification of the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in FIG.
- the insulating substrate 46 is composed of a first portion 46a and a second portion 46b separated from the first portion 46a, and the insulating substrate 47 is composed of the first portion 47a.
- the first portion 46 a is interposed between the input electrode 26 and the radiator 41, and the second portion 46 b is interposed between the element mounting portion 51 and the radiator 41.
- the first portion 47 a is interposed between the input electrode 27 and the radiator 42, and the second portion 47 b is interposed between the element mounting portion 51 and the radiator 42.
- the insulating substrates 46 and 47 connected to the radiators 41 and 42 and the input electrodes 26 and 27 are distorted due to thermal deformation of these connecting parts, the insulating substrates 46 and 47 may be damaged.
- the insulating substrates 46 and 47 are firmly fixed, and this problem becomes significant.
- the insulating substrates 46 and 47 can be more reliably prevented from being damaged by making the insulating substrates 46 and 47 into a divided structure and keeping the size of each substrate small.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a cooling structure for a semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the cooling structure of the semiconductor device in the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the semiconductor device 10 in the first embodiment.
- the description of the overlapping structure will not be repeated.
- output electrode 50 is configured to include element mounting portion 71 and heat transporting portion 76.
- the element mounting part 71 is provided as a bus bar formed of copper or aluminum.
- the element mounting part 71 is arranged at a position where the semiconductor element 31 and the semiconductor element 36 face each other, and a joint part 71p where the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 are joined via the solders 33 and 38, and the joint part 71 extend in one direction.
- the heat transport section 76 is formed from a highly heat conductive insulating material.
- a highly heat conductive insulating material is aluminum nitride (AlN).
- AlN aluminum nitride
- high thermal conductive resin for example, thermal conductive inorganic filler, oxides such as alumina, silica, zinc oxide, magnesia, and nitride fine particles such as silicon nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, etc.
- the heat transporting part 76 is connected to the joining part 71 p and is disposed in a space between the heat receiving part 77 that receives the heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 and between the radiator 41 and the radiator 42. And a heat radiating portion 78 for releasing the transmitted heat.
- the heat transporting part 76 extends from the heat receiving part 77 toward the heat radiating part 78. Heat generated in the semiconductor elements 31 and 36 is transmitted to the heat receiving portion 77 through the solders 33 and 38. The heat transmitted to the heat receiving unit 77 is transmitted to the heat radiating unit 78 through the heat transporting unit 76 and is radiated by the radiators 41 and 42.
- the heat radiation part 78 of the heat transport part 76 has a block shape whose thickness is larger than that of the heat receiving part 77.
- the heat radiating portion 78 is provided in direct contact with the radiators 41 and 42 without the insulating substrates 46 and 47 interposed therebetween.
- the insulating substrates 46 and 47 it is only necessary to interpose the insulating substrates 46 and 47 between the input electrodes 26 and 27 and the radiators 41 and 42, and the size of the insulating substrates 46 and 47 can be kept small. Thereby, damage to the insulating substrates 46 and 47 due to thermal strain can be suppressed. Moreover, since the thickness of the heat radiation part 78 becomes large between the heat radiator 41 and the heat radiator 42, the withstand voltage of the heat transport part 76 can be set low.
- a new semiconductor device cooling structure may be configured by appropriately combining the configurations of the semiconductor device cooling structures in the embodiments and modifications described above.
- the present invention can also be applied to a reactor mounted on a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV: Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle) or an electric vehicle (EV: Electric Vehicle) using a fuel cell and a secondary battery as power sources.
- FCHV Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle
- EV Electric Vehicle
- the internal combustion engine is driven at the fuel efficiency optimum operating point
- the fuel cell is driven at the power generation efficiency optimum operating point.
- the use of the secondary battery is basically the same for both hybrid vehicles.
- This invention is applied to various power modules in addition to a power conversion device mounted on a vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、ハイブリッド自動車の駆動ユニットを模式的に表わす図である。本実施の形態では、本発明が、車両としてのハイブリッド自動車に搭載されるインバータに適用されている。まず、ハイブリッド自動車を駆動させるためのHVシステムについて説明する。
素子実装部51は、銅などの導電性材料から形成されている。素子実装部51は、半導体素子31,36に対して電気的に接続して設けられている。すなわち、半導体素子31,36は、はんだ33,38を介して素子実装部51に実装されている。素子実装部51は、半導体素子31,36を外部配線である出力ライン740Uに電気的に接続する通電機能を有する。
図8は、この発明の実施の形態2における半導体装置の冷却構造を示す断面図である。本実施の形態における半導体装置の冷却構造は、実施の形態1における半導体装置10の冷却構造と比較して、基本的には同様の構造を備える。以下、重複する構造についてはその説明を繰り返さない。
Claims (9)
- 電極(50)と、
前記電極(50)を挟んで互いに対向して配置される第1半導体素子(31)および第2半導体素子(36)と、
前記第1半導体素子(31)に対して前記電極(50)の反対側に配置される第1放熱器(41)と、
前記第2半導体素子(36)に対して前記電極(50)の反対側に配置される第2放熱器(42)とを備え、
前記電極(50)は、前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記第2半導体素子(36)に電気的に接続され、導電性材料から形成される素子実装部(51,71)と、前記素子実装部(51,71)から前記第1放熱器(41)および前記第2放熱器(42)に向けて延設される熱輸送部(56,66,76)とを含む、半導体装置の冷却構造。 - 前記熱輸送部(56,66)は、前記素子実装部(51)から、前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記第2半導体素子(36)の対向方向に直交する方向に延在し、
前記熱輸送部(56,66)は、前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記第2半導体素子(36)の対向方向における熱伝達率よりも前記熱輸送部(56,66)の延在方向における熱伝達率の方が大きくなる熱伝導率異方性部材から形成される、請求の範囲1に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。 - 前記熱伝導率異方性部材は、ヒートパイプまたは配向性グラファイトからなる、請求の範囲2に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。
- 前記熱輸送部(76)は、高熱伝導性の絶縁材料から形成され、前記第1放熱器(41)および前記第2放熱器(42)と前記素子実装部(71)との間に介在するように設けられる、請求の範囲1に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。
- 前記素子実装部(71)は、銅またはアルミニウムから形成されるバスバーであり、
前記熱輸送部(76)は、前記バスバーを覆うように設けられる、窒化アルミニウムまたは高熱伝導性の樹脂から形成される、請求の範囲4に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。 - 前記電極(50)は、高熱伝導性の導電材料によって、前記素子実装部(51)と前記熱輸送部(56)とが一体となった形態により形成される、請求の範囲1に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。
- 前記熱輸送部(56,66,76)は、前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記第2半導体素子(36)が対向する位置に配置され、前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記第2半導体素子(36)で発生した熱を受ける受熱部(60,67,77)と、前記第1放熱器(41)と前記第2放熱器(42)との間の空間に配置され、前記受熱部(60,67,77)より伝達された熱を放出する放熱部(59,68,78)とを有し、前記受熱部(60,67,77)から前記放熱部(59,68,78)に向けて延在する、請求の範囲1に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。
- 前記素子実装部(51)は、前記第1放熱器(41)と前記第2放熱器(42)との間の空間において前記放熱部(59,68)を覆うように設けられ、
前記第1半導体素子(31)および前記素子実装部(51)と前記第1放熱器(41)との間、ならびに前記第2半導体素子(36)および前記素子実装部(51)と前記第2放熱器(42)との間に介在して設けられる絶縁基板(46,47)をさらに備える、請求の範囲1に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。 - 前記絶縁基板(46,47)は、前記第1半導体素子(31)と前記第1放熱器(41)との間に介在する部分と、前記素子実装部(51)と前記第1放熱器(41)との間に介在する部分とが、互いに分断するように設けられ、前記第2半導体素子(36)と前記第2放熱器(42)との間に介在する部分と、前記素子実装部(51)と前記第2放熱器(42)との間に介在する部分とが、互いに分断するように設けられる、請求の範囲8に記載の半導体装置の冷却構造。
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US13/511,305 US20120228757A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Cooling structure of semiconductor device |
CN200980162611.3A CN102648519A (zh) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 半导体装置的冷却构造 |
JP2011543007A JPWO2011064841A1 (ja) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 半導体装置の冷却構造 |
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JP2007305700A (ja) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 異方熱伝導積層型放熱部材 |
JP2009171732A (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電力変換装置 |
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JPH047860A (ja) | 1990-04-26 | 1992-01-13 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体スタック |
JP4973059B2 (ja) | 2006-08-09 | 2012-07-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置及び電力変換装置 |
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2009
- 2009-11-25 DE DE112009005394T patent/DE112009005394T8/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-11-25 US US13/511,305 patent/US20120228757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-25 CN CN200980162611.3A patent/CN102648519A/zh active Pending
- 2009-11-25 WO PCT/JP2009/069825 patent/WO2011064841A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-11-25 JP JP2011543007A patent/JPWO2011064841A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
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JP2001326324A (ja) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-22 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | スタック構造体の導体接続方法及びスタック構造体 |
JP2004040899A (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体モジュール及び電力変換装置 |
JP2007305700A (ja) * | 2006-05-10 | 2007-11-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 異方熱伝導積層型放熱部材 |
JP2009171732A (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電力変換装置 |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2014053457A (ja) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-20 | Toyota Industries Corp | 半導体モジュール |
JP2015198187A (ja) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-11-09 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 重ね合わせブロックを利用するモジュール |
WO2016059702A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | 新電元工業株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
JP5950488B1 (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-07-13 | 新電元工業株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
US9704828B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2017-07-11 | Shindengen Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor module |
KR102394542B1 (ko) | 2015-07-30 | 2022-05-04 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 반도체 패키지 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR20170014635A (ko) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 반도체 패키지 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP2019033226A (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
US10978381B2 (en) | 2018-02-16 | 2021-04-13 | Denso Corporation | Semiconductor device |
US11322452B2 (en) | 2019-04-19 | 2022-05-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Semiconductor module |
JP2020178076A (ja) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
JP7156155B2 (ja) | 2019-04-19 | 2022-10-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
US11276627B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2022-03-15 | Denso Corporation | Semiconductor device |
WO2023249000A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-12-28 | ニデック株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
WO2024070883A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | ニデック株式会社 | 半導体モジュールおよび半導体モジュールユニット |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112009005394T8 (de) | 2012-12-20 |
JPWO2011064841A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
US20120228757A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
CN102648519A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
DE112009005394T5 (de) | 2012-09-27 |
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