WO2011062889A1 - Dérivés d'éther de pyrimidine et leurs procédés d'utilisation - Google Patents

Dérivés d'éther de pyrimidine et leurs procédés d'utilisation Download PDF

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WO2011062889A1
WO2011062889A1 PCT/US2010/056804 US2010056804W WO2011062889A1 WO 2011062889 A1 WO2011062889 A1 WO 2011062889A1 US 2010056804 W US2010056804 W US 2010056804W WO 2011062889 A1 WO2011062889 A1 WO 2011062889A1
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compound
alkyl
group
alkylene
another embodiment
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PCT/US2010/056804
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English (en)
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Santhosh Francis Neelamkavil
Andrew Stamford
Samuel Chackalamannil
William J. Greenlee
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Schering Corporation
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Priority to US13/511,062 priority Critical patent/US8912206B2/en
Priority to EP10832048.2A priority patent/EP2503891B1/fr
Publication of WO2011062889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011062889A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/08—Bridged systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, compositions comprising a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative, and methods of using the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives for treating or preventing obesity, diabetes, a diabetic complication, a metabolic disorder, a cardiovascular disease or a disorder related to the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in a patient.
  • GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
  • GPCRs represent an important area for the development of pharmaceutical products, as evidenced by the fact that pharmaceutical products have been developed from approximately 20 of the 100 known GPCRs. This distinction is not merely semantic, particularly in the case of GPCRs. Thus, the orphan GPCRs are to the
  • GPCRs share a common structural motif. All these receptors have seven sequences of between 22 to 24 hydrophobic amino acids that form seven alpha helices, each of which spans the membrane (each span is identified by number, i.e., transmembrane-1 (T -1), transmembrane-2 (TM-2), etc.).
  • the transmembrane helices are joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane-2 and transmembrane-3, transmembrane-4 and transmembrane-5, and transmembrane-6 and transmembrane-7 on the exterior, or "extracellular" side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as "extracellular" regions 1 , 2 and 3 (EC-1 , EC-2 and EC-3), respectively).
  • transmembrane helices are also joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane ⁇ and transmembrane-2, transmembrane-3 and transmernbrane-4, and transmembrane-5 and transmembrane-6 on the interior, or "intracellular” side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as "intracellular” regions 1 , 2 and 3 (IC-1 , IC-2 and IC-3), respectively).
  • the "carboxy" (“C”) terminus of the receptor lies in the intracellular space within the cell, and the "amino" (“N”) terminus of the receptor lies in the extracellular space outside of the cell.
  • GPCRs are "promiscuous" with respect to G proteins, i.e., that a GPCR can interact with more than one G protein. See, Kenakin, T., Life Sciences 43, 1095 (1988). Although other G proteins exist, currently, Gq, Gs, Gi, and Go are G proteins that have been identified. Endogenous ligand-activated GPCR coupling with the G-protein begins a signaling cascade process (referred to as “signal transduction”). Under normal conditions, signal transduction ultimately results in cellular activation or cellular inhibition. It is thought that the IC-3 loop as well as the carboxy terminus of the receptor interact with the G protein.
  • GPCRs exist in the cell membrane in
  • a receptor in an inactive state is unable to link to the intracellular signaling transduction pathway to produce a biological response.
  • Changing the receptor conformation to the active state allows linkage to the transduction pathway (via the G- protein) and produces a biological response.
  • a receptor can be stabilized in an active state by an endogenous ligand or a compound such as a drug.
  • G-protein coupled receptors Modulation of G-protein coupled receptors has been well-studied for controlling various metabolic disorders.
  • Small molecule modulators of the receptor GPR119 a G-protein coupled-receptor described in, for example, GenBank (see, e.g., accession numbers XM.sub. ⁇ 066873 and AY288416), have been shown to be useful for treating or preventing certain metabolic disorders.
  • GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is selectively expressed on pancreatic beta cells. GPR119 activation leads to elevation of a level of intracellular cAMP, consistent with GPR119 being coupled to Gs. Agonists to GPR119 stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in vitro and lower an elevated blood glucose level in vivo. See, e.g., International Publication Nos, WO 04/065380, WO 04/076413, and EP 1338651 , the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • U.S. Serial No. 10/890,549 discloses pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ethers and related compounds as modulators of the GPR1 9 receptor that are useful for the treatment of various metabolic-related disorders such as type I diabetes, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia,
  • hyperlipidemia hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia or syndrome X.
  • the compounds are also reported as being useful for controlling weight gain, controlling food intake, and inducing satiety in mammals.
  • the promising nature of these GPCR modulators indicates a need in the art for additional small molecule GPCR modulators with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
  • the resent invention provides compounds of Formula (!):
  • A is alkylene, -O-, -N(R 4 )-, -S- or -O-alkylene-;
  • J is -C(R 5 )- or -N-;
  • L is -C(R 5 )- or -N-;
  • M is -C(R 5 )- or ⁇ N-;
  • Q is a bond, alkylene, -C(O)-, -C ⁇ 0)-O- -S(0) 2 -, -S(0) 2 -N(R 8 )- or -C(O)-
  • °)- W is a bond, alkylene, -C(O) ⁇ -C(O)-O ⁇ -S(0) 2 - ⁇ S(O) 2 ⁇ N(R 8 )- or -C(O)
  • X is alkylene, -O-, -N ⁇ R 4 )-, -S- or -O-aikylene-, such that X can be in an endo- or exo- configuration with respect to its point of attachment to group B;
  • Y is H, halo, -CN, alkyl, -O-aSkyl, -S-alkyl or - ⁇ S(O) 2 -alkyl;
  • Z is a bond, -C ⁇ R 1 ) 2 -, -O-, -N(R 4 )-, -S(0) 2 - or -S-;
  • each occurrence of R 1 is independently H, alkyl, halo or -OH; or any two geminal R 1 groups, together with the common carbon atom to which they are attached, join to form a spirocyciic 3- to 6-membered cycloaikyi group, a spirocyclic 3- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl group or a spirocyclic 3- to 6-membered
  • heterocycloalkenyl group or any two R groups present on adjacent carbon atoms, together with the adjacent carbon atoms to which they are attached, join to form a fused 3- to 6-membered cycloaikyi group, a fused 3- to 6-membered heteroaryl group or a fused aryl group; and wherein an alkyl group can be unsubstituted or optionally substituted with one or more of the following groups: -O-aikyl, -OH or -N(R 4 ) 2 ; and wherein an optional endocyciic double bond can be present between any two adjacent ring carbon atoms;
  • each occurrence of R 2 is independently H, alkyl, halo or -OR 7 ;
  • R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene)t-aryi, -(alkylene)t-cycloalkyl, - (alkylene)t-cycloalkenyl, -(alkylene)rheterocycloalkyl, -(aikylene)t-heterocycioalkenyl or -(alkylene)t-heteroaryl, wherein an aryl, cycloaikyi, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyi or heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or optionally substituted with up to four R 7 groups, which can be the same or different;
  • each occurrence of R 4 is independently H, alkyl or aryl
  • each occurrence of R 5 is independently H, -N(R )2, halo, cycioalkyi, alkyl or aryl;
  • each occurrence of R 6 is independently H or alkyl
  • each occurrence of R 7 is independently selected from: from alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, -CN, -N0 2 , -0-(alkyIene)rR 9 , -S-(a)kylene) r R 9 , -N(R )-(alkylene) r R 9 , - (alkylene)rR 9 , -C(0)-(alkylene) t -R 9 , -C(0)0-(alkylene) r R 9 , -N(R s )C(0)-(alkyiene) r R 9 , - C(0)N(R 6 )-(alkylene) r R 9 , -OC ⁇ OHalkylene) r R 9 , -N(R 6 )C ⁇ 0)N ⁇ R 6 )-(a!ky!ene) r R 9 , - N(R 6 )C(0)0-(alkylene)t-R 9
  • R 8 is H, alkyl, aryl or -C(0)OR 4 ;
  • each occurrence of R 9 is independently H, haloalkyl, aryl, cycioalkyi,
  • R 0 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) r aryl, -(alkylene) t -cycloalkyl, - (alkylene)rcycioalkenyl, -(alky!enej t -heterocycloalkyl, -(a!kylene) r heterocycloalkenyl or -(alkylene)t-heteroaryl, wherein an aryl, cycioalkyi, cycloaikenyi, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyi or heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or optionaliy substituted with up to four R 7 groups, which can be the same or different;
  • d 0, 1 or 2;
  • e 0, 1 or 2;
  • f 0, 1 or 2;
  • g is 0, 1 or 2, such that the sum of d, e, f and g is an integer ranging from 2 to
  • p 0, 1 or 2;
  • q 0, 1 or 2;
  • r is 1 or 2;
  • s 1 or 2;
  • each occurrence of t is independently 0 or 1 ;
  • u 0, 1 or 2.
  • the Compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, esters or prodrugs thereof can be useful for treating or preventing obesity, diabetes, a diabetic complication, metabolic syndrome, a cardiovascular disease, or a disorder related to the activity of a GPCR (each being a "Condition") in a patient.
  • Also provided by the invention are methods for treating or preventing a
  • the present invention further provides compositions comprising an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait, solvate, ester or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the compositions can be useful for treating or preventing a Condition in a patient.
  • the present invention provides Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of Formula (I), compositions comprising one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, and methods of using the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives for treating or preventing a Condition in a patient.
  • a "patient” is a human or non-human mammal.
  • a patient is a human.
  • a patient is a non-human mammal, including, but not limited to, a monkey, dog, baboon, rhesus, mouse, rat, horse, cat or rabbit.
  • a patient is a companion animal, including but not limited to a dog, cat, rabbit, horse or ferret.
  • a patient is a dog.
  • a patient is a cat.
  • the term "obesity" as used herein, refers to a patient being overweight and having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater.
  • BMI body mass index
  • an obese patient has a BMI of 25 or greater.
  • an obese patient has a BMI from 25 to 30.
  • an obese patient has a BMI greater than 30.
  • an obese patient has a BMI greater than 40.
  • obesity-related disorder refers to: (i) disorders which result from a patient having a BMI of 25 or greater; and (ii) eating disorders and other disorders associated with excessive food intake.
  • Non-limiting examples of an obesity- related disorder include edema, shortness of breath, sleep apnea, skin disorders and high blood pressure.
  • metabolic syndrome refers to a set of risk factors that make a patient more succeptible to cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes. A patient is said to have metabolic syndrome if the patient simultaneously has three or more of the following five risk factors:
  • centrai/abdominal obesity as measured by a waist circumference of greater than 40 inches in a male and greater than 35 inches in a female;
  • an effective amount can refer to each individual agent or to the combination as a whole, wherein the amounts of all agents administered are together effective, but wherein the component agent of the
  • alkyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched and which contains from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkyl group contains from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an alkyl group contains from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non-iimiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyi, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyi, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl and neohexyl.
  • An alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkenyl, aikynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, -O-alkyl, -O-aryl, -alkyiene-O-a!kyl, alkylthio, -NH 2 , - NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyi), -0-C(0)-alkyl, -O-C(O)-aryl, -0-C(0)-cycloalkyl, -C(0)OH and -C(0)0-alkyl.
  • an alkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • an alkyl group is linear, in another embodiment, an aikyl group is branched.
  • alkenyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and contains from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkenyl group contains from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an alkenyl group contains from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non- limiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, 3-methyIbut- 2-enyl, n-pentenyl, octenyl and decenyl.
  • An alkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkenyl, aikynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, -O-alkyl, -O-aryl, -alkylene-O-alkyl, alkylthio, -NH 2 , -NH(alkyi), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -0-C(O)-alkyl, -O-C(O)-aryl, -O-C(O)- cycloalkyl, -C(O)OH and ⁇ C(O)O-a!kyl.
  • an alkenyl group is unsubstituted.
  • aikynyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched and contains from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an aikynyl group contains from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, an aikynyl group contains from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non- limiting examples of aikynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl and 3- methylbutynyl.
  • An aikynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being
  • alkynyi group is unsubstituted.
  • alkylene refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, wherein one of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a bond.
  • alkylene groups include -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CHaCHsCHaCh -, -CH ⁇ CH 3 )CH 2 CH2-, -CH(CH 3 )- and - CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 ⁇ .
  • an alkylene group has from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • an alkylene group is branched, in another embodiment, an alkylene group is linear.
  • aryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an aryl group contains from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. An aryl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. In one embodiment, an aryl group is
  • an aryl group is phenyl
  • cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 3 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. In one embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 5 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. In another embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 3 to about 7 ring atoms, in another embodiment, a cycloalkyl contains from about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
  • cycloalkyl also encompasses a cycloalkyl group, as defined above, which is fused to an aryl (e.g., benzene) or heteroaryl ring.
  • Non-limiting examples of monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
  • Non-limiting examples of multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1- decalinyl, norbornyl and adamantyl.
  • a cycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below, in one embodiment, a cycloalkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • cycloalkenyl refers to a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising from about 3 to about 10 ring carbon atoms and containing at least one endocyclic double bond. In one embodiment, a cycloalkenyl contains from about 5 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. In another embodiment, a cycloalkenyl contains 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • monocyclic cycloalkenyis include cyc!opentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycIohepta-1 ,3-dienyl f and the like.
  • a cycloalkenyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • a cycloalkenyl group is unsubstituted.
  • a cycloalkenyl group is a 6-membered cycloalkenyl.
  • a cycloalkenyl group is a 5-membered cycloalkenyl.
  • heteroaryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms.
  • a heteroaryl group has 5 to 10 ring atoms, in another embodiment, a heteroaryl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • heteroaryl group can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system
  • a heteroaryl group is joined via a ring carbon atom, and any nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
  • heteroaryl also encompasses a heteroaryl group, as defined above, which is fused to a benzene ring.
  • heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridone (including N-substituted pyridones), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, 1 ,2,4- thiadtazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, oxindolyl, imidazo[1 ,2- ajpyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyI, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benz
  • heteroaryl also refers to partially saturated heteroaryl moieties such as, for example, tetrahydroisoquinofyl, tetrahydroquinolyl and the like.
  • a heteroaryl group is unsubstituted.
  • a heteroaryl group is a 5-membered heteroaryl.
  • a heteroaryl group is a 6-membered heteroaryl.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising 3 to about 0 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms are independently O, S or N and the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon atoms.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group has from about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group has 5 or 6 ring atoms. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
  • Any -NH group in a heterocycloalkyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an -N(BOC), -N(Cbz), -N(Tos) group and the like; such protected heterocycloalkyl groups are considered part of this invention.
  • heterocycloalkyl also encompasses a heterocycloalkyl group, as defined above, which is fused to an aryl (e.g., benzene) or heteroaryl ring.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • Non-limiting examples of monocyclic heterocycloalkyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1 ,4- dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, lactam, lactone, and the like.
  • a ring carbon atom of a heterocycloalkyl group may be functionalized as a carbonyl group.
  • An illustrative example of such a heterocycloalkyl group is pyrrolidonyl:
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is a 5-membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group is a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl.
  • heterocycloalkenyl refers to a heterocycloalkyl group, as defined above, wherein the heterocycloalkyl group contains from 3 to 10 ring atoms, and at least one endocyclic carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond, in one embodiment, a heterocycloalkenyl group has from 5 to 10 ring atoms. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkenyl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
  • a heterocycloalkenyl group can optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent" is as defined above.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkenyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • heterocycloalkenyl groups include 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridinyl, ,2-dihydropyridinyl, ,4-dihydropyridinyl, 1 ,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 1 ,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinyl, 2- pyrroltnyl, 3-pyrroiinyl, 2-imidazolinyl, 2-pyrazolinyI, dihydroimidazoiyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, f!uoro- substituted dihydrofuranyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl, dihydrothiophenyi,
  • a ring carbon atom of a heterocycloalkenyl group may be functiona!ized as a carbonyl group.
  • An illustrative example of such a heterocycloalkenyl group is:
  • a heterocycloalkenyl group is unsubstituted. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkenyl group is a 6-rnembered heterocycloalkenyl. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkenyl group is a 5-membered heterocycloalkenyl.
  • Ring system substituent refers to a substituent group attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system.
  • Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyi, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-aryl, -aryl-alkyl, -alkyiene-heteroaryl, - alkenylene-heteroaryl, -alkynylene-heteroary!, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, ha!oalkyl, -O- alkyl, -O-haloalkyl, -alky!ene-O-alky!, -O-aryi, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, -C(0)0-alkyl, -C(0)0-aryl, -
  • Ring system substituent may also mean a single moiety which simultaneously replaces two available hydrogens on two adjacent carbon atoms (one H on each carbon) on a ring system.
  • Examples of such moiety are methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, -C(CH 3 ) 2 - and the like which form moieties such as, for example:
  • Halo means ⁇ F, -CI, -Br or -!. In one embodiment, halo refers to -F, -CI or -
  • ha!oalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen.
  • a ha!oalkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • a haloalkyl group is substituted with from 1 to 3 F atoms.
  • Non- limiting examples of haioalkyl groups include -CH 2 F, -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 CI and -CC! 3 .
  • hydroxyalkyi refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more of the alkyl group's hydrogen atoms has been replaced with an -OH group.
  • a hydroxyalkyi group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of hydroxyalkyi groups include -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CH 2 OH, - CH 2 CH 2 CH2OH and -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 .
  • alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl group, wherein an alkyl group is as defined above.
  • alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy and t-butoxy.
  • An alkoxy group is bonded via its oxygen atom.
  • substituted means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the
  • stable compound' or “stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
  • purified refers to the physical state of the compound after being isolated from a synthetic process (e.g. from a reaction mixture), or natural source or combination thereof.
  • purified refers to the physical state of the compound after being obtained from a purification process or processes described herein or well known to the skilled artisan (e.g., chromatography, recrystallization and the like), in sufficient purity to be characterizable by standard analytical techniques described herein or well known to the skilled artisan.
  • protecting groups When a functional group in a compound is termed "protected", this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site when the compound is subjected to a reaction. Suitable protecting groups will be recognized by those with ordinary skill in the art as well as by reference to standard textbooks such as, for example, T. W. Greene et a/, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1991), Wiley, New York.
  • variable e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R 2 , etc.
  • its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • prodrugs means a compound (e.g, a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to yield a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compound. The transformation may occur by various mechanisms (e.g., by metabolic or chemical processes), such as, for example, through hydrolysis in blood.
  • prodrugs is provided by T. Higuchi and W. Stella, "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in
  • a prodrug can comprise an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as, for example, (Ci-C 8 )alkyi, (C 2 - Ci2)alkanoyioxymethyl, 1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1- methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,
  • alkoxycarbonyloxymethy! having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1-rnethyl-1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-(N-(alkoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthalidyl, 4- crotonolactonyi, gamma-butyrolacton-4-yi, di-N,N-(Ci-C 2 )a!kylamino(C 2 -C3)alkyi (such as ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-(Ci-C 2 )alkyl, N,N-di (C-i-C2)alkylcarbamoyl-(C
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as, for example, (C-i-CeJalkanoyloxymethyl, 1-((Ci- C6)aikanoyioxy)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-((Ci-C 6 )alkanoyloxy)ethyi, (C-i- C 6 )a!koxycarbonyloxymethyl, N-(Ci-C 6 )alkoxycarbonylaminomethyl, succinoyl, (Cr C 6 )alkanoyl, a-amino(Ci-C 4 )aikyl, a-amino(Ci-C4)alkylene-aryl, aryiacyl and a- aminoacyl, or ⁇ -aminoacyi-a-aminoacyi, where each ⁇ -aminoacyl group is
  • a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example, R-carbonyl, RO-carbonyl, NRR'-carbonyl where R and R' are each independently (C Cio)alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 ) cycloalkyl, benzyl, or R-carbonyl is a natural a-aminoacyl,— C(OH)C(0)OY 1 wherein Y 1 is H, (CrCeJalkyl or benzyl,— C(OY 2 )Y 3 wherein Y 2 is (C1-C4) aikyl and Y 3 is (d-CeJalkyl, carboxy (C C 6 )alkyI, amino(Ci-C )alkyl or mono-N— or di-N,N-(Ci-C6)alkylaminoalkyl,— C(
  • One or more compounds of the invention may exist in unsolvated as well as so!vated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.
  • “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of solvates include ethanolates, methano!ates, and the like.
  • a "hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O.
  • One or more compounds of the invention may optionally be converted to a solvate.
  • Preparation of solvates is generally known.
  • M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceutical Sci., 93(3), 601 -611 (2004) describe the preparation of the solvates of the antifungal fluconazole in ethyl acetate as well as from water. Similar
  • a typical, non-limiting, process involves dissolving the inventive compound in desired amounts of the desired solvent (organic or water or mixtures thereof) at a higher than ambient temperature, and cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals which are then isolated by standard methods.
  • Analytical techniques such as, for example I. R. spectroscopy, show the presence of the solvent (or water) in the crystals as a solvate (or hydrate).
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
  • Reference to a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term "sait(s)", as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
  • a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxyiic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts”) may be formed and are included within the term
  • salt(s) as used herein.
  • the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable ⁇ i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salt
  • the salt is other than a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • Salts of the compounds of the Formula (I) may be formed, for example, by reacting a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
  • Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzoates, benzenesuifonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates,
  • camphorsulfonates fumarates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, naphthaienesulfonates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates, tartarates, thiocyanates,
  • toluenesu!fonates also known as tosylates,
  • acids which are generally considered suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically useful salts from basic pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, for example, by P. Stahl et al, Camille G. (eds.) Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Properties, Selection and Use. (2002) Zurich: Wiley- VCH; S. Berge et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1) 1 -19; P. Gould, International J. of Pharmaceutics (1986) 33 201-217; Anderson et al, The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (1996), Academic Press, New York; and in The Orange Book (Food & Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. on their website). These disclosures are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
  • Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as dicyciohexylamine, choline, t-butyl amine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts
  • alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts
  • salts with organic bases for example, organic amines
  • organic bases for example, organic amines
  • dicyciohexylamine such as dicyciohexylamine, choline, t-butyl amine
  • salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates), long chain halides (e.g., decyl, laury!, and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (e.g., benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
  • lower alkyl halides e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates
  • long chain halides e.g., decyl, laury!,
  • esters of the present compounds include the following groups: (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the hydroxy group of a hydroxyl compound, in which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl), aryloxyalkyi (for example, phenoxymethyi), aryl (for example, phenyl optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, C ⁇ alkyl, or C 1-4 aIkoxy or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as alkyl- or aralkyisulfonyl (for example, methanesulfonyl); (3) amino acid esters,
  • Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active
  • chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride
  • converting e.g., hydrolyzing
  • Sterochemically pure compounds may also be prepared by using chiral starting materials or by employing salt resolution techniques.
  • some of the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives may be atropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of this invention.
  • Enantiomers can also be separated by use of chiral HPLC column.
  • Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the invention. Also, for example, all keto-enol and imine-enamine forms of the compounds are included in the invention.
  • All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts, solvates, hydrates, esters and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts, solvates and esters of the prodrugs), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention, as are positional isomers (such as, for example, 4- pyridyl and 3-pyridyi).
  • Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
  • the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the iUPAC 1974
  • the present invention also embraces isotopically-labelied compounds of the present invention which are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 0, 17 0, 3 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 CI, respectively.
  • Certain isotopically-labelied Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of the present invention are useful in compound and/or substrate tissue distribution assays.
  • tritiated ⁇ i.e., 3 H) and carbon-14 (i.e., 14 C) isotopes are employed for their ease of preparation and detectability.
  • substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability (e.g., increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements).
  • one or more hydrogen atoms of a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative of the present invention is replaced by a deuterium atom.
  • Isotopically labelled Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of the present invention can generally be prepared by following procedures analogous to those disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples herein below, by substituting an appropriate isotopically labelled reagent for a non- isotopically labelled reagent.
  • Polymorphic forms of the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, and of the salts, solvates, hydrates, esters and prodrugs of the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are intended to be included in the present invention.
  • LCMS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
  • Me is methyl
  • MeOH is methanol
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • Pd(OH) 2 /C palladium hydroxide on carbon
  • Ph is phenyl
  • THF is tetrahydrofuran
  • TLC thin-layer chromatography.
  • the present invention rovides Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of Formula (I):
  • d, e, f and g are each 1.
  • variables d, e, f and g are each 1 and the remaining variable is 0.
  • three of variables d, e, f and g are each 1 and the remaining variable is 2.
  • two of variables d, e, f and g are each 1 and the remaining two variables are each 0.
  • the sum of d, e, f and g is 2,
  • the sum of d, e, f and g is 3.
  • the sum of d, e, f and g is 4.
  • the sum of d, e, f and g is 5.
  • r and s each 1.
  • q is 0.
  • q is 1.
  • p and u are each 0 and r and s are each 1.
  • p and u are each 0 and q, r and s are each 1.
  • p, q and u are each 0 and r and s are each 1.
  • A is -0-.
  • A is alkylene
  • A is -N(R 4 )-.
  • A is -S-.
  • A is -O-aikylene-
  • B is:
  • B is:
  • B is:
  • B is:
  • J is -C(R 5 )-.
  • J is -CH-.
  • J is -N-.
  • L is -C(R 5 )-
  • L is -CH-.
  • L is -Nk
  • M is -C(R 5 )-.
  • M is -CH-.
  • M is -N-.
  • J and L are each ⁇ N- and M
  • Q is -C(0)0-.
  • Q is a bond
  • Q is -C(0)0- or a bond.
  • Q is alkyiene. In another embodiment, Q is -C(O)-.
  • Q is -C(0)-0- in another embodiment, Q is -S(0) 2 -
  • Q is -S(0) 2 -N(R 8 )-.
  • Q is -C(0)-N(R 10 )- in one embodiment, W is -C(O)-.
  • W is -C(0)0 ⁇ .
  • W is -S(0) 2 ⁇ .
  • W is -C(O)-, -C(0)0- or -S(0) 2 -.
  • W is a bond
  • W is aikylene
  • W is -C(O)-.
  • W is ⁇ C(0)-N(R 1 °)-
  • X is -0-.
  • Y is H.
  • Y is alkyl
  • Y is halo
  • Y is -O-aikyl
  • Y is H, alkyl, halo or -O-alkyi
  • Y is H, methyl, F or -OCH 3 .
  • Y is H, methyl, methoxy or F.
  • Y is methyl, methoxy or F.
  • Y is methyl
  • Y is methoxy
  • Y is F.
  • Z is a bond
  • Z is -C(R 1 ) 2 -.
  • Z is -0-.
  • Z is -N(R 4 )-.
  • Z is -S(0) 2 -.
  • Z is -S-.
  • Z is -CH 2 - and q is 0. In another embodrnent, Z is -O- and q is 1.
  • Z is -S(0) 2 -; p and u are each 0; and q, r and s are each 1.
  • Z is -CH 2 -; p, q and u are each 0; r and s are each 1; and q is 0.
  • J and L are each -N ⁇ ; M is -CH-; and Y is H, alkyl, halo or -O-alkyl.
  • J and L are each -N-; M is -CH-; and Y is H, methyl, F or ⁇ OCH 3 .
  • J and L are each -N-; M is -CH-; and Y is halo.
  • J and L are each -N-; M is -CH-; and Y is F.
  • J and L are each -N-; M is -CH-; Y is H, alkyl, halo or -O- alkyl; and A and X are each -0-.
  • J and L are each -N-; M is -CH-; Y is F; and A and X are each -0-.
  • each occurrence of R 1 is H.
  • At least one occurrence of R is other than H.
  • each occurrence of R 2 is H.
  • each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is H.
  • R 3 is alkyl, haloalkyi, cycloalkyi or -alkylene-O-a!kyl.
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyi, isopropyl, t-butyi,
  • R 6 is H.
  • R 6 is alkyl
  • R 10 is cycloaikyl or heteroaryl, either of which can be optionaliy substituted with an alkyl or haio group.
  • R 0 is 1-methylcyclopropyl or 4-chloropyrimidin-2-yi.
  • Q is a bond and R 10 is heteroaryl, which can be optionally substituted with a halo group,
  • Q is a bond and R 10 is 4-chloropyn ' midin-2-yl.
  • Q is -C(0)0- and R 0 is cycloaikyi, which can be optionally substituted with an alkyl group.
  • Q is -C(0)0- and R 0 is 1-methylcyciopropyi.
  • variables A, B, J, L, , W, X, Y, R 1 , R 3 , d, e, f and g are selected independently of each other.
  • a Compound of Formula (i) is in purified form.
  • a compound of claim 1 has the formula:
  • Q is -C(0)0- or a bond
  • W is ⁇ C(0)-, -C(0)0- or -S(0) 2 -;
  • Y is halo
  • R 3 is alkyl, haloalkyi, cycloaikyi or -alkylene-O-alkyi;
  • R 10 is cycloaikyi or heteroaryl, either of which can be substituted with an alkyl or halo group.
  • Q is-C(0)0-.
  • Q is a bond
  • W is -C(0)0-.
  • W is ⁇ C(0)-.
  • W is -S(0) 2 -.
  • Y is F.
  • R 3 is alkyl
  • R 3 is haloalkyi. In another embodiment, for the Compounds of Formula (la), R 3 is cycloaikyi. In another embodiment, for the Compounds of Formula (la), R 3 is
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl or
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propy!, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH2CH2CF3, cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl, and Y is halo.
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl, and Y is F.
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl; and Y is F; and Q is -C(0)0-.
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH2CH2OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl; and Y is F; Q is -C(0)0-; and R 0 is cycloa!kyl or heteroaryl, either of which can be substituted with an a!kyl or halo group.
  • R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, -CF 3 , -CH2CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl; and Y is F; Q is -C(0)0-; and R 0 is 1-methylcyclopropyl or 4- chloropyrimidin-2-yl.
  • Non-limiting examples of the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of the present invention include compounds 1-12 as set forth below:
  • Scheme 1 illustrates a general method useful for making Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of Formula (I).
  • a dich!oroaryl compound of formula i can be coupled with a compound of formula B-XH to provide the compounds of formula ii.
  • a compound of formula ii can be similarly coupled with a compound of formula iii to provide the compounds of formula iv, which correspond to the Compounds of Formula (I).
  • Scheme 2 illustrates a general method useful for making the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of Formula (I), wherein A and X are each -0-; and B is:
  • a dichloroaryl compound of formula i can be coupled with a bicyciic alcohol of formula v to provide the compounds of formula vi.
  • a compound of formula vi can be similarly coupled with a compound of formula vii to provide the compounds of formula viii, which correspond to the Compounds of Formula (1), wherein A and X are each - O-; and B is:
  • Scheme 3 illustrates a general method useful for making Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives of Formula (I) wherein A and X are each -0-; and B is:
  • a dichloroaryl compound of formula i can be coupled with a bicyclic alcohol of formula ix and the resulting coupled product then has its Boc protecting group removed using HCI to provide the cyclic amine compounds of formula x.
  • a compound of formula x can then be coupled with a compound of formula xi in the presence of DBU to provide the compounds of formula xxi.
  • a compound of formula xxi can then be coupled with a compound of formula viii in the presence of NaH to provide the compounds of formula xxii, which correspond to the Compounds of Formula (I), A and X are each -0-; and B is:
  • Scheme 4 shows a method useful for making the compound of formula xxviii, which is useful for making the Com ounds of Formula (I)
  • Compound 4B was prepared using the method described in Example 1 , Step C, and replacing compound 1 D with compound 4A.
  • Compound 10 was prepared using the method described in Example 2, and replacing compound 1 with compound 4B.
  • HEK293 cells expressing human GPR1 9 were maintained in culture flasks at 37 °C/5% C0 2 in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml Pen/Strep, and 0.5 mg/ml geneticin. The media was changed to Optimem and cells were incubated for about 15 hours at 37 °C /5% C0 2 . The Optimem was then aspirated and the cells were removed from the flasks using room temperature Hank's balanced saline solution (HBSS).
  • HBSS Hank's balanced saline solution
  • the cells were pelleted using centrifugation (1300 rpm, 7 minutes, room temperature), then resuspended in stimulation buffer (HBSS, 0.1 % BSA, 5 mM HEPES, 15 ⁇ RO-20) at 2.5 x 10 6 ceils/mL Alexa Fluor 647-anti cAMP antibody (1 :100) was then added to the cell suspension and incubated for 30 minutes.
  • stimulation buffer HBSS, 0.1 % BSA, 5 mM HEPES, 15 ⁇ RO-20
  • Alexa Fluor 647-anti cAMP antibody 1 :100
  • a representative Pyrimidine Ether Derivative (6 ⁇ at 2X concentration) in stimulation buffer containing 2% DMSO were then added to white 384 well Matrix plates. Cell suspension mix (6 ⁇ ! was added to each well and incubated with the Pyrimidine Ether Derivative for 30 minutes.
  • a cAMP standard curve was also created in each assay according to the kit protocol.
  • Standard concentrations of cAMP in stimulation buffer (6 ⁇ ) were added to white 384 well plates. Subsequently, 6 ⁇ of 1 :100 anti-cAMP antibody was added to each well. Following the 30 minute incubation period, 12 ⁇ of detection mix (included in kit) was added to all wells and incubated for 2-3 hours at room temperature. Fluorescence was detected on the plates using an Envision instrument. The level of cAMP in each well is determined by extrapolation from the cAMP standard curve.
  • mice Male C57BI/6NCrl mice (6-8 week old) were fasted for about 15 hours and randomly dosed with either vehicle (20% hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin) or a
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing a Condition in a patient.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives can be administered to a patient in need of treatment or prevention of a Condition.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful for treating obesity or an obesity-related disorder.
  • the invention provides methods for treating obesity or an obesity-related disorder in a patient, wherein the method comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful for treating diabetes in a patient. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating diabetes in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives.
  • Non-limiting examples of diabetes treatable or preventable using the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives include, type I diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), type II diabetes (non-insu!in dependent diabetes mellitus), gestational diabetes, autoimmune diabetes, insulinopathies, idiopathic type I diabetes (Type 1b), latent autoimmumne diabetes in adults, ear!y-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD), youth-onset atypical diabetes (YOAD), maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), malnutrition-related diabetes, diabetes due to pancreatic disease, diabetes associated with other endocrine diseases (such as Cushing's Syndrome, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma,
  • glucagonoma primary aldosteronism or somatostatinoma
  • type A insulin resistance syndrome type B insulin resistance syndrome
  • lipatrophic diabetes diabetes induced by ⁇ -cell toxins
  • diabetes induced by drug therapy such as diabetes induced by antipsychotic agents.
  • the diabetes is type I diabetes.
  • the diabetes is type II diabetes.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful for treating a diabetic complication in a patient. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a diabetic complication in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives.
  • Non-limiting examples of diabetic complications treatable or preventable using the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives include diabetic cataract, glaucoma, retinopathy, aneuropathy (such as diabetic neuropathy, polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, microaluminuria and progressive diabetic neuropathy!), nephropathy, gangrene of the feet, immune-complex vasculitis, systemic lupsus erythematosus (SLE), atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease, peripheral arterial disease, nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma, foot ulcers, joint problems, a skin or mucous membrane complication (such as an infection, a shin spot, a candidal infection or necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorumobesity), hyperlipidemia, cataract, hypertension, syndrome of insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, a fungal infection, a bacterial infection, and cardiomyopathy.
  • aneuropathy such
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful for treating a metabolic disorder. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention provides methods for treating a metabolic disorder in a patient, wherein the method comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of metabolic disorders treatable include metabolic syndrome (also known as "Syndrome X”), impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL levels, hypertension, phenylketonuria, post-prandial lipidemia, a glycogen-storage disease, Gaucher's Disease, Tay-Sachs Disease, Niemann-Pick Disease, ketosis and acidosis.
  • metabolic syndrome also known as "Syndrome X”
  • impaired glucose tolerance impaired fasting glucose
  • hypercholesterolemia hyperlipidemia
  • hypertriglyceridemia hypertriglyceridemia
  • low HDL levels high HDL levels
  • hypertension phenylketonuria
  • post-prandial lipidemia a glycogen-storage disease
  • Gaucher's Disease Tay-Sachs Disease
  • Niemann-Pick Disease Niemann-Pick Disease
  • ketosis and acidosis.
  • the metabolic disorder is hypercholesterolemia.
  • the metabolic disorder is hyperlipidemia.
  • the metabolic disorder is hypertriglyceridemia.
  • the metabolic disorder is metabolic syndrome. In a further embodiment, the metabolic disorder is low HDL levels.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are useful for treating or preventing a cardiovascular disease in a patient. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating a cardiovascular disease in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives.
  • Non-Iimitng examples of cardiovascular diseases treatable or preventable using the present methods include atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, circulatory shock, left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, coronary artery disease, angina, infective endocarditis, non-infective endocarditis, cardiomyopathy, peripheral artery disease, Reynaud's phenomenon, deep venous thrombosis, aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid stenosis.
  • the cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis.
  • the cardiovascular disease is congestive heart failure.
  • the cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating a Condition in a patient, the method comprising administering to the patient one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof and at least one additional therapeutic agent that is not a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative, wherein the amounts administered are together effective to treat or prevent a Condition.
  • Non-limiting examples of additional therapeutic agents useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, anti-obesity agents,
  • antidiabetic agents any agent useful for treating metabolic syndrome, any agent useful for treating a cardiovascular disease, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, probucol derivatives, I BAT inhibitors, nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonists, ACAT inhibitors, cholesteryl ester transfer proten (CETP) inhibitors, low-denisity lipoprotein (LDL) activators, fish oil, water-soluble fibers, plant sterols, plant stanols, fatty acid esters of plant stands, or any combination of two or more of these additional therapeutic agents.
  • NAR nicotinic acid receptor
  • ACAT inhibitors cholesteryl ester transfer proten (CETP) inhibitors
  • LDL low-denisity lipoprotein
  • fish oil water-soluble fibers
  • plant sterols plant stanols
  • fatty acid esters of plant stands or any combination of two or more of these additional therapeutic agents.
  • Non-limiting examples of anti-obesity agents useful in the present methods for treating a Condition include CB1 antagonists or inverse agonists such as rimonabant, neuropeptide Y antagonists, MCR4 agonists, MCH receptor antagonists, histamine H3 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists, metabolic rate enhancers, nutrient absorption inhibitors, leptin, appetite suppressants and lipase inhibitors.
  • CB1 antagonists or inverse agonists such as rimonabant, neuropeptide Y antagonists, MCR4 agonists, MCH receptor antagonists, histamine H3 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists, metabolic rate enhancers, nutrient absorption inhibitors, leptin, appetite suppressants and lipase inhibitors.
  • Non-!imiting examples of appetite suppressant agents useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include cannabinoid receptor 1 (CBi) antagonists or inverse agonists (e.g., rimonabant); Neuropeptide Y (NPY1 , NPY2, NPY4 and NPY5) antagonists; metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor (mGluR5) antagonists (e.g., 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine and 3[(2-methyi-1 ,4-thiazol-4- yl)ethynyl]pyridine); melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCH1 R and MCH2R) antagonists; melanocortin receptor agonists (e.g., Melanotan-ll and Mc4r agonists); serotonin uptake inhibitors (e.g., dexfenfluramine and fluoxetine); serotonin (5HT) transport inhibitors (e.g.
  • CBi
  • NE norepinephrine
  • NE norepinephrine
  • NE norepinephrine
  • ghrelin antagonists e.g., desipramine, talsupram and nomifensine
  • opioid antagonists e.g., nalmefene, 3-methoxynaltrexone, naloxone and nalterxone
  • orexin antagonists bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS3) agonists
  • CCK- A Cholecystokinin-A
  • CNTF ciliary neurotrophic factor
  • monoamine reuptake inhibitors e.g., sibutramine
  • GLP-1 g!ucagon-like peptide 1
  • Non-limiting examples of metabolic rate enhancers useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC2) inhibitors; beta adrenergic receptor 3 ( ⁇ 3) agonists; diacylglycerol
  • DGAT1 and DGAT2 acyltransferase inhibitors
  • FAS fatty acid synthase
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • UCP-1 ,2 or 3 uncoupling protein activators (UCP-1 ,2 or 3) (e.g., phytanic acid, 4-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetramethyi-2-naphthalenyl) ⁇ 1 -propenyl]benzoic acid and retinoic acid); acyl-estrogens (e.g., oleoyl-estrone); glucocorticoid
  • Non-limiting examples of nutrient absorption inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include lipase inhibitors (e.g., orlistat, lipstatin, tetrahydrolipstatin, teasaponin and diethylumbelliferyl phosphate); fatty acid transporter inhibitors; dicarboxyfate transporter inhibitors; glucose transporter inhibitors; and phosphate transporter inhibitors.
  • lipase inhibitors e.g., orlistat, lipstatin, tetrahydrolipstatin, teasaponin and diethylumbelliferyl phosphate
  • fatty acid transporter inhibitors e.g., orlistat, lipstatin, tetrahydrolipstatin, teasaponin and diethylumbelliferyl phosphate
  • dicarboxyfate transporter inhibitors e.g., dicarboxyfate transporter inhibitors
  • glucose transporter inhibitors e transporter inhibitors
  • Non-limiting examples of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, squalene synthase inhibitors, squa!ene epoxidase inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of cholesterol absorption inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include ezetimibe.
  • the cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, statins such as !ovastatin, pravastatin, fiuvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin, CI-981 , resuvastatin, rivastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin or L-659,699 ((E,E)-11-[3'R-(hydroxy-methyI)-4'- oxo-2'R-oxetanyl]-3,5,7R-trimethyl-2,4-undecadienoic acid).
  • statins such as !ovastatin, pravastatin, fiuvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin, CI-981 , resuvastatin, rivastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin or L-659,699
  • Squalene synthesis inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, squalene synthetase inhibitors; squalestatin 1 ; and squalene epoxidase inhibitors, such as NB-598 ((E)-N-ethyl-N- (6,6-dimethyl ⁇ 2-hepten-4-ynyl)-3-[(3,3' ⁇ bithiophen-5-yl)methoxy]benzene- methanamine hydrochloride).
  • squalene synthetase inhibitors such as NB-598 ((E)-N-ethyl-N- (6,6-dimethyl ⁇ 2-hepten-4-ynyl)-3-[(3,3' ⁇ bithiophen-5-yl)methoxy]benzene- methanamine hydrochloride).
  • Bile acid sequestrants useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, cholestyramine (a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups capable of binding bile acids, such as QUESTRAN® or QUESTRAN LIGHT® cholestyramine which are available from Bristol-Myers Squibb), colestipol ⁇ a copolymer of diethylenetriamine and 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, such as COLESTID® tablets which are available from Pharmacia), colesevelam hydrochloride (such as We!Chol® Tablets
  • cholestyramine a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer containing quaternary ammonium cationic groups capable of binding bile acids, such as QUESTRAN® or QUESTRAN LIGHT® cholestyramine which are available from Bristol-Myers Squi
  • Suitable inorganic cholesterol sequestrants include bismuth salicylate plus
  • Condition include, but are not limited to, AGI-1067 and others disclosed in U.S.
  • Patents Nos. 6,121 ,319 and 6,147,250 are disclosed.
  • IBAT inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, benzothiepines such as therapeutic
  • Nicotinic acid receptor agonists useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, those having a pyridine-3- carboxylate structure or a pyrazine-2-carboxylate structure, including acid forms, salts, esters, zwitterions and tautomers, where available.
  • Other examples of nicotinic acid receptor agonists useful in the present methods include nicotinic acid, niceritrol, nicofuranose and acipimox.
  • An example of a suitable nicotinic acid product is
  • NIASPAN® niacin extended-release tablets
  • nicotinic acid receptor agonists useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, the compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2006/0264489 and 2007/0066630, and U.S. Patent Application No 11/771538, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • ACAT inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, avasimibe, HL-004, lecimibide and CL- 277082 (W-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-/V-t[4-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenylI-methyl]-/ ⁇ /- heptylurea). See P. Chang et al., "Current, New and Future Treatments in
  • CETP inhibitors useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in International Publication No. WO 00/38721 and U.S. Patent No. 6,147,090, which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • LDL-receptor activators useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, include HOE-402, an imidazolidinyi- pyrimidine derivative that directly stimulates LDL receptor activity. See M. Huettinger et al., "Hypolipidemic activity of HOE-402 is Mediated by Stimulation of the LDL Receptor Pathway", Arterioscler.Thromb. 1993; 13:1005-12.
  • Natural water-soiuble fibers useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, psyllium, guar, oat and pectin.
  • Fatty acid esters of plant stands useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, the sitostanol ester used in BENECOL® margarine.
  • Non-limiting examples of antidiabetic agents useful in the present methods for treating a Condition include insulin sensitizers, a-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-!V inhibitors, insulin secretagogues, hepatic glucose output lowering compounds, antihypertensive agents, sodium glucose uptake transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, insulin and insulin-containing compositions, and anti-obesity agents as set forth above.
  • the antidiabetic agent is an insulin secretagogue.
  • the insulin secretagogue is a sulfonylurea.
  • Non-limiting examples of sulfonylureas useful in the present methods include glipizide, tolbutamide, glyburide, glimepiride, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, gliamilide, gliclazide, gliquidone, g!ibenclamide and tolazamide.
  • the insulin secretagogue is a meglitinide.
  • Non-limiting examples of meglitinides useful in the present methods for treating a Condition include repaglinide, mitiglinide, and nateglinide.
  • the insulin secretagogue is GLP-1 or a GLP-1 mimetic.
  • GLP-1 mimetics useful in the present methods include Byetta-Exanatide, Liraglutinide, CJC-1131 (ConjuChem, Exanatide-LAR (Amylin), BI -51077 (Ipsen/LaRoche), ZP-10 ⁇ Zealand Pharmaceuticals), and compounds disclosed in International Publication No. WO 00/07617.
  • insulin secretagogues useful in the present methods include exendin, GIP and secretin.
  • the antidiabetic agent is an insulin sensitizer.
  • Non-limiting examples of insulin sensitizers useful in the present methods include PPAR activators or agonists, such as troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone and englitazone; biguanidines such as metformin and phenformin; PTP-1B inhibitors; and glucokinase activators.
  • the antidiabetic agent is a a-Glucosidase inhibitor.
  • a-Glucosidase inhibitors useful the present methods include migiitol, acarbose, and voglibose.
  • the antidiabetic agent is an hepatic glucose output lowering agent.
  • Non-limiting examples of hepatic glucose output lowering agents useful in the present methods include Glucophage and Glucophage XR.
  • the antidiabetic agent is insulin, including all formualtions of insulin, such as long acting and short acting forms of insulin.
  • compositions include AL-40 from Autoimmune, and the compositions disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,579,730; 4,849,405; 4,963,526; 5,642,868; 5,763,396; 5,824,638; 5,843,866; 6,153,632; 6,191,105; and International Publication No. WO 85/05029, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the antidiabetic agent is a DPP-IV inhibitor.
  • Non-limiting examples of DPP-IV inhibitors useful in the present methods include sitagliptin, saxagliptin (JanuviaTM, Merck), denagiiptin, vildag!iptin (GalvusTM, Novartis), alogliptin, alogliptin benzoate, ABT-279 and ABT-341 (Abbott), ALS-2-0426 (Alantos), ARI-2243 (Arisaph), Bl-A and Bl-B (Boehringer Ingelheim), SYR-322 (Takeda), MP-513 (Mitsubishi), DP-893 (Pfizer), RO-0730699 (Roche) or a
  • the antidiabetic agent is a SGLT-2 inhibitor.
  • Non-limiting examples of SGLT-2 inhibitors useful in the present methods include dapaglifiozin and sergliflozin, AVE2268 (Sanofi-Aventis) and T- 095 (Tanabe Seiyaku).
  • Non-limiting examples of antihypertensive agents useful in the present methods for treating a Condition include ⁇ -blockers and calcium channel blockers (for example diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, amlopidine, and mybefradil), ACE inhibitors (for example captopril, !isinopril, enalapril, spirapril, ceranopril, zefenoprii, fosinopril, cilazopril, and quinapril), AT- receptor antagonists (for example losartan, irbesartan, and valsartan), renin inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists (for example sitaxsentan).
  • ⁇ -blockers and calcium channel blockers for example diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, amlopidine, and mybefradil
  • ACE inhibitors for example captopril, !isinopril, en
  • the antidiabetic agent is an agent that slows or blocks the breakdown of starches and certain sugars.
  • Non-limiting examples of antidiabetic agents that slow or block the breakdown of starches and certain sugars and are suitable for use in the compositions and methods of the present invention include a!pha-glucosidase inhibitors and certain peptides for increasing insulin production.
  • Aipha-glucosidase inhibitors help the body to lower blood sugar by delaying the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals.
  • suitable aipha-glucosidase inhibitors include acarbose; miglitol;
  • camiglibose certain polyamines as disclosed in WO 01/47528 (incorporated herein by reference); voglibose.
  • suitable peptides for increasing insulin production including amlintide (CAS Reg. No. 122384-88-7 from Amylin;
  • GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1
  • Additional therapeutic agents useful in the present methods for treating or preventing a Condition include, but are not limited to, rimonabant, 2-methyl- 6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine, 3[(2-methyl-1 ,4-thiazol-4-yi)ethynyl]pyridine, elanotan-ll, dexfenfluramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, fenfluramine, fiuvoxamine, sertaline, imipramine, desipramine, talsupram, nomifensine, leptin, nalmefene, 3- imethoxynaltrexone, naloxone, nalterxone, butabindide, axokine, sibutramine, topiramate, phytopharm compound 57, Cerulenin, theophylline, pentoxifylline, zaprinast, sildenafil, amrinone, milrinone, cilostamide,
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing diabetes comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative, an antidiabetic agent and/or an antiobesity agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing diabetes comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an antidiabetic agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing diabetes comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an anti- obesity agent. in one embodiment, the present combination therapies for treating or
  • preventing obesity comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative, an
  • antidiabetic agent and/or an antiobesity agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing obesity comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an antidiabetic agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing obesity comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an anti- obesity agent.
  • preventing metabolic syndrome comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from: anti-obesity agents, antidiabetic agents, any agent useful for treating metabolic syndrome, any agent useful for treating a cardiovascular disease, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors, sterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, probucol derivatives, IBAT inhibitors, nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonists, ACAT inhibitors, cholesteryl ester transfer proten (CETP) inhibitors, low-denisity lipoprotein (LDL) activators, fish oil, water- soluble fibers, plant sterols, plant stanols and fatty acid esters of plant stanols.
  • additional therapeutic agents selected from: anti-obesity agents, antidiabetic agents, any agent useful for treating metabolic syndrome, any agent useful for treating a cardiovascular disease, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors, sterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, probucol derivatives, I
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a cholesterol
  • the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor is a squalene synthetase inhibitor.
  • the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor is a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, !n still another embodiment, the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
  • the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin.
  • the statin is lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin or atorvastatin.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.
  • the cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.
  • the additional therapeutic agent comprises a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent comprises a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and a statin. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent comprises ezetimibe and a statin. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent comprises ezetimibe and simvastatin. In one embodiment, the present combination therapies for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative, an antidiabetic agent and/or an antiobesity agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an antidiabetic agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome comprise administering a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative and an anti-obesity agent.
  • the present combination therapies for treating or preventing a cardiovascular disease comprise administering one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives, and an additional agent useful for treating or preventing a cardiovascular disease.
  • the therapeutic agents in the combination may be administered in any order such as, for example, sequentially, concurrently, together, simultaneously and the like.
  • the amounts of the various actives in such combination therapy may be different amounts (different dosage amounts) or same amounts (same dosage amounts).
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives are administered during a time when the additional therapeutic agent(s) exert their prophylactic or therapeutic effect, or vice versa.
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a Condition.
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a Condition.
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) act synergisticaily and are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a Condition.
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are present in the same composition. In one embodiment, the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are present in the same composition. In one
  • this composition is suitable for oral administration.
  • this composition is suitable for oral administration.
  • this composition is suitable for intravenous administration.
  • the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) can act additiveiy or synergistically.
  • a synergistic combination may allow the use of lower dosages of one or more agents and/or less frequent administration of one or more agents of a combination therapy.
  • administration of one or more agents may lower toxicity of the therapy without reducing the efficacy of the therapy.
  • Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) may inhibit the resistance of a Condition to these agents.
  • the additional therapeutic agent when the patient is treated for diabetes or a diabetic complication, is an antidiabetic agent which is not a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is an agent useful for reducing any potential side effect of a Pyrimidine Ether
  • Such potential side effects include, but are not limited to, nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, lethargy, muscle aches, diarrhea, general pain, and pain at an injection site.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is used at its known therapeutically effective dose. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is used at its normally prescribed dosage. In another embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is used at less than its normally prescribed dosage or its known therapeutically effective dose.
  • the doses and dosage regimen of the other agents used in the combination therapies of the present invention for the treatment or prevention of a Condition can be determined by the attending clinician, taking into consideration the the approved doses and dosage regimen in the package insert; the age, sex and general health of the patient; and the type and severity of the viral infection or related disease or disorder.
  • the Pyrimidine Ether Derivative(s) and the other agent(s) for treating diseases or conditions listed above can be administered simultaneously or sequentially. This particularly useful when the components of the combination are given on different dosing schedules, e.g., one component is administered once daily and another every six hours, or when the preferred
  • compositions are different, e.g. one is a tablet and one is a capsule.
  • a kit comprising the separate dosage forms is therefore advantageous.
  • a total daily dosage of the one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s)can when administered as combination therapy range from about 0.1 to about 2000 mg per day, although variations will necessarily occur depending on the target of the therapy, the patient and the route of
  • the dosage is from about 0.2 to about 100 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses, !n another
  • the dosage is from about 1 to about 500 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses. In another embodiment, the dosage is from about 1 to about 200 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses. In still another embodiment, the dosage is from about 1 to about 100 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses. In yet another embodiment, the dosage is from about 1 to about 50 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses. In a further embodiment, the dosage is from about 1 to about 20 mg/day, administered in a single dose or in 2-4 divided doses.
  • the invention provides compositions comprising an effective amount of one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof, and a
  • compositions comprising one or more Pyrimidine Ether
  • Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories.
  • the powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient.
  • Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g. magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and so!ids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral
  • Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
  • the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • a Pyrimidine Ether Derivative is administered orally.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation is from about 0.1 to about 2000 mg. Variations will necessarily occur depending on the target of the therapy, the patient and the route of administration.
  • the unit dose dosage is from about 0.2 to about 1000 mg. in another embodiment, the unit dose dosage is from about 1 to about 500 mg. In another embodiment, the unit dose dosage is from about 1 to about 100 mg/day. In still another embodiment, the unit dose dosage is from about 1 to about 50 mg. in yet another embodiment, the unit dose dosage is from about 1 to about 10 mg.
  • the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
  • a typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 1000 mg/day, 1 mg/day to about 500 mg/day, 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, 1 mg/day to about 75 mg/day, 1 mg/day to about 50 mg/day, or 1 mg/day to about 20 mg/day, in one dose or in two to four divided doses.
  • the two active components may be co-administered simultaneously or sequentially, or a single composition comprising one or more Pyrimidine Ether Derivatives and the additional therapeutic agent(s) in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be administered.
  • the components of the combination can be administered individually or together in any conventional dosage form such as capsule, tablet, powder, cachet, suspension, solution, suppository, nasal spray, etc.
  • the dosage of the additional therapeutic agent can be determined from published material, and may range from about 1 to about 1000 mg per dose. In one embodiment, when used in combination, the dosage levels of the individual
  • the components of a combination therapy regimen are to be administered simultaneously, they can be administered in a single composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • ком ⁇ онентs of a combination therapy regimen when the components of a combination therapy regimen are to be administered separately or sequentially, they can be administered in separate compositions, each containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a kit comprising an effective amount of one or more Compounds of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.
  • the present invention provides a kit comprising an amount of one or more Compounds of Formula (I), and an amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents, wherein the combined amounts are effective for enhancing the memory of a patient or effective for treating or preventing a cognitive disorder in a patient.
  • kits comprising comprising: (a) one or more Compounds of Formula (I) together in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in a single contatiner, or (b) one or more Compounds of Formula (i) in separate containers, each in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and (c) one or more additional therapeutic agents together in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in a single contatiner or (d) one or more additional therapeutic agents in separate containers, each in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; such that the active components of the combination therapy are present in amounts that render the combination therapeutically effective.

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des dérivés d'éther de pyrimidine, sur des compositions comprenant un dérivé d'éther de pyrimidine et sur des procédés d'utilisation de dérivés d'éther de pyrimidine pour traiter ou prévenir l'obésité, le diabète, un trouble métabolique, une maladie cardiovasculaire ou un trouble se rapportant à l'activité d'un récepteur couplé à une protéine G (RCPG) dans un patient.
PCT/US2010/056804 2009-11-23 2010-11-16 Dérivés d'éther de pyrimidine et leurs procédés d'utilisation WO2011062889A1 (fr)

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US8580807B2 (en) 2009-04-03 2013-11-12 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Bicyclic piperidine and piperazine derivatives as GPCR modulators for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders
US8722882B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2014-05-13 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidine derivatives as GPCR modulators for use in the treatment of obesity and diabetes
US9301929B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2016-04-05 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Substituted biaryl derivatives and methods of use thereof

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US20120289525A1 (en) 2012-11-15
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AR079083A1 (es) 2011-12-21
US8912206B2 (en) 2014-12-16
TW201129573A (en) 2011-09-01
EP2503891A1 (fr) 2012-10-03

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