WO2011036899A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011036899A1 WO2011036899A1 PCT/JP2010/005822 JP2010005822W WO2011036899A1 WO 2011036899 A1 WO2011036899 A1 WO 2011036899A1 JP 2010005822 W JP2010005822 W JP 2010005822W WO 2011036899 A1 WO2011036899 A1 WO 2011036899A1
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- capacitor
- rectifier circuit
- circuit
- diode
- reactor
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output using passive filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power converter, and particularly relates to measures for preventing LC resonance.
- an inverter circuit is known as a power conversion device.
- the inverter circuit is a circuit that performs high-efficiency conversion of DC power into AC power of variable frequency and variable voltage by switching control.
- an inverter circuit is configured by connecting a diode rectifier circuit, a smoothing capacitor, and an inverter.
- the diode rectifier circuit has a bridge circuit to which a plurality of diodes are connected.
- the smoothing capacitor is for removing the output voltage ripple of the diode rectifier circuit.
- the inverter is configured by connecting three switching elements connected in series to each other in parallel.
- an electrolytic capacitor having a large capacity is used as a smoothing capacitor. Since this electrolytic capacitor is a relatively large member and expensive among the constituent members of the inverter circuit, there is a problem that the inverter circuit increases in cost and becomes large. Further, there is a problem that the useful life of the inverter circuit is shortened as the useful life of the electrolytic capacitor is short.
- the inverter circuit shown in Patent Document 1 uses a small-capacity smoothing capacitor instead of a large-capacity smoothing capacitor that has been conventionally required, and controls the load side (for example, a motor).
- a so-called capacitorless inverter circuit has been proposed that solves the power factor reduction problem and the harmonic problem on the power supply side.
- the capacitor-less inverter circuit (a) has a small size of, for example, several tens of ⁇ F on the output side of the diode rectifier circuit (b) instead of a conventional large-capacity smoothing capacitor.
- a smoothing capacitor (c) having a capacitance is provided.
- the reactor (d) and the smoothing capacitor (c) are connected in series to form an LC resonance circuit. Further, in the capacitorless inverter circuit (a), since the capacity of the smoothing capacitor (c) is reduced, the resonance frequency of the LC resonance is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to prevent a capacitor-reactor resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) in a capacitor-less inverter circuit.
- LC resonance capacitor-reactor resonance phenomenon
- the first invention includes a rectifier circuit (22) for rectifying AC power output from an AC power source (10), and a reactor (21) provided between the AC power source (10) and the rectifier circuit (22).
- the capacitor (31) provided between the inverter circuit (24) to which the power output from the rectifier circuit (22) is directly supplied and the primary bus (12, 13) of the rectifier circuit (22) And.
- AC power is output from the AC power source (10).
- the rectifier circuit (22) rectifies the output AC power.
- the voltage output from the rectifier circuit (22) is directly supplied to the inverter circuit (24) while including the voltage fluctuation caused by the output voltage from the AC power supply (10).
- the inverter circuit (24) converts the converted DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load.
- voltage fluctuation occurs due to switching.
- the capacitor (31) does not absorb voltage fluctuation from the rectifier circuit (22), but absorbs voltage fluctuation due to switching of the inverter circuit (24).
- the capacitor (31) is provided on the primary side (input side) of the rectifier circuit (22), even if the conduction / non-conduction of the rectification circuit (22) is switched, the reactor is provided. A voltage is always applied between (21) and the capacitor (31). For this reason, in the power converter according to the first invention, once a voltage is applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31), a resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) occurs only at the moment of voltage application, Thereafter, the resonance is attenuated. That is, since it is not affected by the conduction / non-conduction switching operation in the rectifier circuit (22), the influence of the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31) is reduced.
- the capacitor (31) absorbs voltage fluctuations due to switching of the inverter circuit (24) without absorbing voltage fluctuations from the rectifier circuit (22). Configured to capacity.
- AC power is output from the AC power source (10).
- the rectifier circuit (22) rectifies the output AC power.
- the voltage output from the rectifier circuit (22) is directly supplied to the inverter circuit (24) while including the voltage fluctuation caused by the output voltage from the AC power supply (10).
- the inverter circuit (24) converts the converted DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load.
- voltage fluctuation due to switching occurs.
- the capacitor (31) does not absorb voltage fluctuation from the rectifier circuit (22), but absorbs voltage fluctuation due to switching of the inverter circuit (24).
- the rectifier circuit (22) includes a plurality of high-speed switching diodes (23), and is configured as a diode bridge circuit.
- AC power is output from the AC power source (10).
- the diode bridge circuit when the voltage applied to the high-speed switching diode (23) exceeds a predetermined threshold value, a current flows and rectifies the AC power output from the AC power supply (10). At this time, a pulsed current synchronized with the switching of the inverter circuit (24) flows through the diode bridge circuit, but the high-speed switching diode (23) has high responsiveness, so that switching loss is reduced.
- the capacitor (31) is provided between the bus bars (12, 13) between the reactor (21) and the rectifier circuit (22). It has been.
- AC power is output from the AC power source (10).
- the rectifier circuit (22) rectifies the output AC power.
- the voltage output from the rectifier circuit (22) is directly supplied to the inverter circuit (24) while including the voltage fluctuation caused by the output voltage from the AC power supply (10).
- the inverter circuit (24) converts the converted DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load.
- voltage fluctuation occurs due to switching.
- the capacitor (31) does not absorb voltage fluctuation from the rectifier circuit (22), but absorbs voltage fluctuation due to switching of the inverter circuit (24).
- this capacitor (31) is provided between the reactor (21) and the rectifier circuit (22), even if the conduction / non-conduction of the rectifier circuit (22) is switched, the reactor (21) and the capacitor ( Between 31), a voltage is always applied. For this reason, in the power converter according to the first invention, once a voltage is applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31), a resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) occurs only at that moment, Attenuates. That is, since it is not affected by the conduction / non-conduction switching operation in the rectifier circuit (22), the influence of the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31) is reduced.
- the capacitor (31) is provided on the primary side of the rectifier circuit (22), the capacitor (31) and the reactor (21) are not dependent on the switching operation of the rectifier circuit (22).
- a voltage can always be applied between the two. That is, in the conventional power converter, since conduction / non-conduction is switched by switching of the diode of the rectifier circuit, a voltage is applied between the capacitor and the reactor each time switching of the diode is switched to the conduction state. Thus, a resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) occurred.
- a voltage is always applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31) even when the conduction / non-conduction of the rectifier circuit (22) is switched.
- a resonance phenomenon LC resonance
- the influence of the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31). Can be reduced. Thereby, the harmonic in an alternating current power supply (10) can be prevented.
- the capacity of the capacitor (31) is a capacity that does not absorb voltage fluctuation from the rectifier circuit (22) and can absorb voltage fluctuation due to switching of the inverter circuit (24), the capacitor The size of (31) can be reduced and the cost of the capacitor (31) can be reduced. Thereby, while being able to miniaturize power converter device itself, the manufacturing cost of a power converter device can be reduced.
- the rectifier circuit (22) is configured as a diode bridge circuit having a high-speed switching diode (23), so that it can respond to current at high speed.
- the rectifier circuit (22) can respond at high speed in response to the pulse current. Switching loss in the diode can be reduced.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the power converter device which concerns on this Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the power supply voltage and input current of the power converter device which concern on this Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the power converter device which concerns on this Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the power converter device which concerns on a prior art example. It is a graph which shows the power supply voltage and input current of the power converter device which concern on a prior art example.
- the power conversion device (20) includes a reactor (21), a diode rectifier circuit (22), a capacitor circuit (30), and an inverter circuit (24). These are connected between the power supply lines (12, 13) which are buses according to the present invention.
- the power conversion device (20) is connected to an AC power source (10) that is a commercial power source.
- the AC power supply (10) is a single-phase AC power supply.
- the power converter (20) is used, for example, for driving a compressor motor (11) (hereinafter also referred to as a motor) provided in a refrigerant circuit of an air conditioner.
- a compressor motor (11) hereinafter also referred to as a motor
- the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner is not shown, the compressor, the condenser, the expansion mechanism, and the evaporator are connected to form a closed circuit, and the refrigerant circulates to form a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Is configured to do.
- air cooled by the evaporator is supplied to the room in the cooling operation, and air heated by the condenser is supplied to the room in the heating operation.
- the diode rectifier circuit (22) has four high-speed switching diodes (23) and is formed in a bridge shape.
- the diode rectifier circuit (22) performs full-wave rectification on the AC power output from the AC power supply (10), and applies the rectifier circuit according to the present invention to the power supply lines (12, 13). It is composed.
- the high-speed switching diode (23) is configured as a diode having high responsiveness to the pulsed current.
- the reactor (21) is provided on the input side (primary side) of the diode rectifier circuit (22).
- the inverter circuit (24) inputs the voltage rectified by the diode rectifier circuit (22) and supplies a three-phase current to the electric motor (11) (motor).
- the inverter circuit according to the present invention Is configured.
- the inverter circuit (24) includes three transistors (upper arm side transistors) each having a collector connected to the power line (12), and three transistors each having an emitter connected to the power line (13). Transistor (lower arm side transistor). Each of the upper arm side transistors is paired with each of the lower arm side transistors.
- the capacitor circuit (30) includes a capacitor (31) having a small capacity of, for example, several tens of ⁇ F.
- the capacitor (31) is constituted by a film capacitor, for example.
- the capacitor (31) is connected between the power supply lines (12, 13) on the input side (primary side) (between the bus lines) of the diode rectifier circuit (22).
- a small-capacity smoothing capacitor (C) is provided on the output side (secondary side) of the diode rectifier circuit (b).
- the capacitor (31) of form 1 is provided not on the position but on the input side (primary side) of the diode rectifier circuit (22).
- the capacitor (31) absorbs voltage ripple due to switching of the inverter circuit (24), and is a voltage ripple output from the diode rectifier circuit (22), which is the output voltage of the AC power supply (10). It is configured to have a small capacity that does not absorb the voltage ripple caused by.
- the voltage ripple indicates voltage fluctuation according to the present invention.
- a small-capacity smoothing capacitor (c) is provided on the output side (secondary side) of the diode rectifier circuit (b), and a reactor ( d) and the smoothing capacitor (c) are connected in series to form an LC resonance circuit.
- the diode rectifier circuit (b) since conduction / non-conduction is switched by switching of the diode, every time the switching of the diode is switched to the conduction state, between the smoothing capacitor (c) and the reactor (d). A voltage is applied to the signal to cause a resonance phenomenon (LC resonance).
- the resonance frequency of the LC resonance is increased. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) between the reactor (d) and the smoothing capacitor (c)
- the circuit current (Iin) pulsates greatly under the influence.
- the small-capacitance capacitor (31) is provided on the primary side (input side) of the diode rectifier circuit (22). ), The voltage is always applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31).
- a resonance phenomenon occurs only at the moment when the voltage is applied. Decays. That is, since it is not affected by the switching operation of the high-speed switching diode (23) of the diode rectifier circuit (22), between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31) as shown in FIG. The effect of the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) is reduced.
- the capacitor (31) is provided on the primary side of the diode rectifier circuit (22), the capacitor (31) does not depend on the switching operation of the high-speed switching diode (23). ) And the reactor (21), a voltage can always be applied.
- a voltage is always applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31) even when the conduction / non-conduction of the high-speed switching diode (23) is switched. Therefore, once a voltage is applied between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31), a resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) occurs only at the moment of voltage application, and then the resonance is attenuated.
- the influence of the resonance phenomenon (LC resonance) between the reactor (21) and the capacitor (31). can be reduced. Thereby, the harmonic in an alternating current power supply (10) can be prevented.
- the capacitor (31) has a capacity that does not absorb voltage ripple from the diode rectifier circuit (22), but can absorb voltage ripple due to switching of the inverter circuit (24), so the capacitor (31) is made smaller. And the cost of the capacitor (31) can be reduced. Thereby, while being able to miniaturize power converter device (20) itself, the manufacturing cost of power converter device (20) can be reduced.
- the diode rectifier circuit (22) is configured as a bridge circuit having a high-speed switching diode (23), it can respond to current at high speed. As a result, even if a pulsed current flows through the diode rectifier circuit (22) in synchronization with the switching of the inverter circuit (24), the diode rectifier circuit (22) can respond at high speed corresponding to the pulse current. Therefore, switching loss in the diode can be reduced.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described.
- a three-phase AC power supply (15) is used instead of the single-phase AC power supply (10) according to the first embodiment.
- the power converter (40) according to the second embodiment is different from the power converter (20) of the first embodiment in the configuration of the reactor (21), the diode rectifier circuit (22), and the capacitor circuit (30).
- one reactor (21) is provided for each of the three input lines (16, 17, 18) connected to the three-phase AC power source (15).
- the input lines (16, 17, 18) indicate buses according to the present invention.
- the diode rectifier circuit (22) has six high-speed switching diodes (23) and is connected in a bridge shape.
- the diode rectifier circuit (22) performs full-wave rectification of the AC power output from the three-phase AC power source (15).
- the capacitor circuit (30) is provided with capacitors (31) on the lines extending from the input lines (16, 17, 18), and the three lines are connected to each other.
- Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the present invention may be configured as follows for the first and second embodiments.
- the present invention is applied to the power conversion device (20).
- the present invention is not limited to these power conversion devices (20).
- the output side of the diode rectifier circuit (Secondary side)
- a capacitor-less inverter circuit having a series circuit of a resistor, a diode, and a capacitor, and a small-capacitance capacitor provided on the input side (primary side) of the diode rectifier circuit may be used.
- the present invention can also be applied to the power conversion device having the configuration.
- the present invention is useful for measures for preventing LC resonance of a power converter.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態1について以下に説明する。図1に示すように、本実施形態1に係る電力変換装置(20)は、リアクトル(21)と、ダイオード整流回路(22)と、コンデンサ回路(30)と、インバータ回路(24)とを備え、これらは本発明に係る母線である電源線(12,13)の間に接続されている。また、電力変換装置(20)は商用電源である交流電源(10)に接続されている。この交流電源(10)は、単相交流電源に構成されている。
上記本実施形態1によれば、上記コンデンサ(31)をダイオード整流回路(22)の1次側に設けたため、高速スイッチングダイオード(23)の導通/非導通の切換動作に依らず、コンデンサ(31)とリアクトル(21)との間には常に電圧を印加することができる。
次に、本発明の実施形態2について説明する。図3に示すように、本実施形態2では、実施形態1に係る単相の交流電源(10)に代えて三相交流電源(15)を用いるようにしている。実施形態2に係る電力変換装置(40)は、リアクトル(21)、ダイオード整流回路(22)、及びコンデンサ回路(30)の構成が実施形態1の電力変換装置(20)と異なっている。
本発明は、上記実施形態1及び2について、以下のような構成としてもよい。
12 電源線
13 電源線
21 リアクトル
22 ダイオード整流回路
24 インバータ
31 コンデンサ
Claims (4)
- 交流電源(10)から出力された交流電力を整流する整流回路(22)と、
上記交流電源(10)と整流回路(22)との間に設けられるリアクトル(21)と、
上記整流回路(22)から出力された電力が直接供給されるインバータ回路(24)と、
上記整流回路(22)の1次側の母線(12,13)間に設けられたコンデンサ(31)とを備えている
ことを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1において、
上記コンデンサ(31)は、上記整流回路(22)からの電圧変動を吸収することなく、上記インバータ回路(24)のスイッチングによる電圧変動を吸収する容量に構成されている
ことを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
上記整流回路(22)は、複数の高速スイッチングダイオード(23)を有し、ダイオードブリッジ回路に構成されている
ことを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1~3の何れか1つにおいて、
上記コンデンサ(31)は、リアクトル(21)と整流回路(22)との間の母線(12,13)間に設けられている
ことを特徴とする電力変換装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2010800369590A CN102474202A (zh) | 2009-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | 功率转换装置 |
EP10818576.0A EP2485382A4 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | Power converter |
KR1020127007058A KR101343278B1 (ko) | 2009-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | 전력변환장치 |
US13/498,444 US20120182770A1 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | Power converter |
AU2010299397A AU2010299397B2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | Power converter |
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JP2009221872A JP2011072142A (ja) | 2009-09-28 | 2009-09-28 | 電力変換装置 |
JP2009-221872 | 2009-09-28 |
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WO2011036899A1 true WO2011036899A1 (ja) | 2011-03-31 |
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US (1) | US20120182770A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2485382A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2011072142A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101343278B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102474202A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010299397B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011036899A1 (ja) |
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JP4760000B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-09 | 2011-08-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 多相電流供給回路、駆動装置、圧縮機、及び空気調和機 |
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JP4079178B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-19 | 2008-04-23 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電力変換器及びその制御方法並びに空気調和機 |
JP4192979B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-12-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | モータ制御装置 |
JP5098522B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-30 | 2012-12-12 | 株式会社村田製作所 | インバータ装置の設計方法 |
JP5770412B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-31 | 2015-08-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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2010
- 2010-09-28 US US13/498,444 patent/US20120182770A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-28 KR KR1020127007058A patent/KR101343278B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-28 WO PCT/JP2010/005822 patent/WO2011036899A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-09-28 AU AU2010299397A patent/AU2010299397B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-09-28 CN CN2010800369590A patent/CN102474202A/zh active Pending
- 2010-09-28 EP EP10818576.0A patent/EP2485382A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20120050487A (ko) | 2012-05-18 |
JP2011072142A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
AU2010299397A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
EP2485382A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
CN102474202A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
AU2010299397B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
EP2485382A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
US20120182770A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
KR101343278B1 (ko) | 2013-12-18 |
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