WO2011034336A2 - 직접구동식 전기기기 - Google Patents
직접구동식 전기기기 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011034336A2 WO2011034336A2 PCT/KR2010/006290 KR2010006290W WO2011034336A2 WO 2011034336 A2 WO2011034336 A2 WO 2011034336A2 KR 2010006290 W KR2010006290 W KR 2010006290W WO 2011034336 A2 WO2011034336 A2 WO 2011034336A2
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- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- stator
- direct drive
- electric machine
- generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
- H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
- H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
- F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/15—Sectional machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
- H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a direct drive electric machine, and more particularly, a large high torque direct drive permanent magnet such as a generator of a wind turbine for generating power, an tidal generator, a hydro generator, and an electric motor driven by external power. It relates to a type electric device.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical example of a low speed large direct drive wind turbine (wind generator), wherein the direct drive wind turbine 10 includes a rotor such as a rotor blade 11 and a rotor 12 of a generator. And a fixed body such as a shaft 13 and a stator 14 of the generator, and a bearing 15 rotatably supporting the rotating body on the shaft 13.
- the direct drive wind turbine 10 includes a rotor such as a rotor blade 11 and a rotor 12 of a generator.
- a fixed body such as a shaft 13 and a stator 14 of the generator, and a bearing 15 rotatably supporting the rotating body on the shaft 13.
- the rotor 12 of the generator since the rotor 12 of the generator is directly connected to the rotor blade 11 that rotates at low speed by the wind, the rotor 12 of the generator also rotates at the same speed as the rotor blade 11, This requires a higher torque of the direct-drive generator.
- the direct drive method is disadvantageous in terms of cost compared to the gear drive method, but is known to be excellent in terms of power output and reliability.
- the weight and price of the direct-driven generator increase significantly with up-scaling, there will be a limit to continue to apply the existing direct-drive technology to the large wind turbine system.
- the present invention has been invented in view of the above, and it is possible to reduce the amount of material used by the optimized structure, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost, easy to manufacture, move, install and maintain
- the purpose is to provide a direct drive permanent magnet type electric machine.
- the present invention in the direct-drive type electric machine having a stator together with a rotor or a mover, such as a generator and a motor, a plurality of rotor or mover and a stator combined therewith each configured separately It provides a direct-drive type electric machine, characterized in that the two modules are combined with each other in a multi-module combination structure having a short magnetic flux path.
- the stator is arranged to have a gap on both sides around the rotor or the mover is characterized in that it is composed of a two-gap structure.
- the air gap between both the rotor or the mover and the stator is maintained by a bearingless drive that maintains the air gap by controlling the current applied to the winding of each stator.
- the rotor and the stator are characterized in that each of the ring shape.
- the electric device may be a transverse flux generator or a transverse flux motor, or the electric device may be a seed flux generator or a seed flux motor.
- the air gap between the rotor and the stator is maintained by a fluid hydrostatic bearing supporting the rotor by fluid pressure and buoyancy, and a bearingless drive that maintains the air gap by controlling the current applied to the windings of each stator. It is characterized by.
- a ring-shaped fixing part for filling fluid is fixed to the fixed structure, and a ring-shaped rotating part disposed in a concentric circle is installed inside the fixing part, and a stator is provided on an inner side of the fixing part.
- the rotor is installed on a position opposite to the stator on the outer surface of the rotor, the fluid is filled with a fluid for maintaining the voids, and the rotor is connected to the rotor through the connection extending to the outside of the fixing part. It is characterized by having a configuration connected to the blade.
- the rotor blade is disposed toward the outer diameter of the fixing portion, characterized in that the rotating portion is connected to the rotor blade through a connecting portion extending toward the outer diameter of the fixing portion.
- the rotor blade is disposed toward the inner diameter of the fixing portion, characterized in that the rotating portion is connected to the rotor blade through a connecting portion extending toward the inner diameter of the fixing portion.
- two permanent magnets are provided for each module in the rotor or the mover, and an iron core having a triangular cross-sectional shape is formed between the two permanent magnets to form a magnetic flux path of the permanent magnet.
- a magnetic flux concentrating iron core is provided, and the two permanent magnets are disposed on both inclined surfaces of the magnetic flux concentrating iron core, and each permanent magnet is disposed between the inclined surface of the magnetic flux concentrating iron core and the inclined surface of the magnetic flux path maintaining iron core. It is characterized by.
- the cost can be reduced by maximizing the force density and minimizing the active component or the electromagnetic material, and supporting and guiding the rotating body such as the rotor
- the bearingless method can be used to significantly reduce the inactive material or structural material.
- the rotor, stator, etc. have a modular structure consisting of a plurality of modules to assemble, handle, It has the advantage of easy transportation, installation and maintenance.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a direct-drive generator in a wind turbine.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating (a) a configuration for reducing the active component material, and (b) a configuration for increasing the iron core core area.
- FIG 3 is a schematic view showing a configuration in which a gap is maintained by a bearingless.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a lightweight and modular direct drive generator for a large wind turbine.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a new TFPM device.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of the flux concentration TFPM device according to the present invention, a structure that can prevent the separation of the permanent magnet.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a bearingless drive structure according to the prior art, (a) the winding structure of the four-pole permanent magnet bearingless motor, (b) the four-pole and two-pole winding arrangement of the basic bearingless drive structure, (c A schematic diagram showing a rotor of an insert PM type bearingless motor and (d) a rotor of a buried PM type bearingless motor.
- FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a bearingless TFPM device according to the present invention, in which (a) the direction of travel of the rotor and the path of the magnetic flux, (b) the current flowing in the stator winding and the gap length are controlled using a gap sensor. And (c) is a view showing a more preferable configuration of a bearingless drive.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing magnetic flux densities for cases where the void lengths are different.
- 10 to 12 is a view showing a ring-shaped direct drive generator (motor) according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating various forms of bearing support structures in a direct drive wind turbine.
- 15 is a conceptual diagram for a hydrostatic bearing.
- Figure 16 is an exemplary view applying a rotating body having a buoyancy and a hydrostatic bearing in the present invention.
- 17 and 18, 19, 20 is an exemplary view of the support and guiding structure of the rotor blades and generator rotor of the direct drive wind turbine according to the present invention.
- direct-driven generators can be broadly divided into electromagnetic parts or active parts used to generate power and structural parts or inactive parts constituting the structure. These two components are important to be considered in the design of the generator, namely electromagnetic design and mechanical design.
- large direct-driven equipment may have a lot of difficulties in manufacturing, transportation, installation, and maintenance, and therefore, important issues should be considered when designing.
- a structure that can significantly reduce inactive material by using a bearingless drive system is provided.
- each module can be operated independently by having a module structure composed of a plurality of modules, so that even if a problem occurs in a specific module or a certain part, power generation is continued in other modules without problems.
- Structure available For example, assuming that a 10 MW system consists of five modules of generators, the output of the individual modules is 2 MW. If a problem occurs in any one module, information about the problem can be obtained through the sensor. From this point on, control and operation are possible to continue to produce power with only the remaining four modules. Thus, there is a need for a fault tolerance concept that allows some components to have a problem and can continue to produce power (up to 8 MW) until the problem is solved without stopping the entire system.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 The solutions mentioned above are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, respectively.
- Permanent magnet devices (generators / motors) have higher advantages in terms of output ratio, weight, efficiency, reliability, and energy output per unit weight than winding devices. Therefore, in the present invention, the structure of the permanent magnet device is employed as a method for maximizing the force density of the large wind turbine generator and minimizing the inactive component material. This permanent magnet machine is based on the direction of the formation of magnetic flux. Magnet, TFPM) device can be classified. Of these, transverse flux permanent magnet devices have a higher force density than other devices and are likely to reduce active component materials. Therefore, the present invention proposes a new concept of transverse permanent magnet device for maximizing force density and minimizing active component material.
- TFPM devices such as the pole core type
- the flux concentration permanent magnet type has a high force density, which has the advantage of reducing weight and volume compared to other types.
- the single winding type and single side air gap type have the advantage that the structure can be simply and easily configured.
- the claw pole core type has an advantage of increasing the applied voltage by increasing the area of the iron core to which the magnetic flux is interlinked.
- ring-shaped windings have been used mainly for small diameter TF (transverse flux) devices.
- TF transverse flux
- the same use of the ring-shaped winding in a large direct drive device there is a difficulty in terms of manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.
- modular shaped windings that do not have large dimensions, such as ring shaped windings will be useful in large direct drive equipment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a new TFPM device configuration, and the diagram on the left shows the concept of Concepts A, B, C, D, and E above, and the configuration on the right square shows the concept A, B above.
- the claw pole cores are stator iron cores, and a “ ⁇ ” shaped component represents a modular winding in the form of a racetrack.
- the permanent magnets (PM) of the rectangular parallelepiped magnetic flux-intensive core (core) is interposed, the permanent magnets and iron cores are alternately arranged, the arrows on the permanent magnets indicate the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets.
- A shows one of the general structures of the transverse flux generator (or electric motor)
- B illustrates the use of a plurality of modular windings as windings suitable for the transverse flux generator (or electric motor) having a large diameter.
- Ring-shaped windings are mainly used in conventional lateral flux generators (or motors), and it is difficult to use such ring-shaped windings in large diameter lateral flux generators (or motors) in various aspects such as manufacturing, installation, and maintenance. many. Since the generator of a large direct drive wind turbine is very large in diameter, the direct drive electric machine (generator / motor) according to the present invention is constructed by using a plurality of windings shown in FIG. In FIG.
- C, D, and E are known structures, and E represents an initial concept of reducing the amount of iron cores (or iron cores and permanent magnets) of a generator (or electric motor).
- 5 is a basic structure according to the present invention, in which the rotor (or the mover) is changed to the structure shown in FIG. 6 (f) in the structure of the present invention. / Motor).
- Increasing the output and size of a direct-drive PM machine results in an increase in the air gap diameter of the device, ie the diameter of the rotor and stator, as well as the field design dimensions of other variables. Increase together.
- the variables are air gap length, pole pitch, pole width and permanent magnet length.
- it becomes difficult to manufacture and handle the permanent magnet which makes the price of the permanent magnet and the permanent magnet type device expensive.
- separation of the permanent magnet may occur as shown in (a) of FIG. 6.
- the structure of the present invention can be prevented from leaving the permanent magnet while lowering the manufacturing cost related to the permanent magnet, and the amount of the permanent magnet can be increased without increasing the amount of iron cores. This is as follows.
- the structure of FIG. 6A may be rearranged as shown in FIG. 6D by dividing the iron core and the permanent magnet as shown in FIG. 6C.
- the structure of FIG. 6 (e) is a structure in which the amount of permanent magnet is increased in the same manner as in FIG. 6 (b) without increasing the amount of iron cores.
- the structure (f) of FIG. 6 is a structure capable of improving problems of the structure (a) of FIG. 6 and the structure (b) of FIG. 6, and is a rotor (or mover) structure according to the present invention.
- the rotor or the mover consisting of a plurality of modules in each module of two thin rectangular parallelepiped instead of one thick permanent magnet for each module
- the magnet 24 is used, and a triangular cross-sectional iron core 22 is disposed between the permanent magnets 24 to form and maintain a magnetic flux path of the permanent magnets.
- each module is provided with a magnetic flux concentrated iron core 23 having an inverted triangular cross-sectional shape (preferably in an inverted conical flask cross-sectional shape as an inverted triangular cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
- the two permanent magnets 24 are disposed on both inclined surfaces of the magnetic flux concentrated iron core 23.
- the permanent magnets 24 of the modules adjacent to each inclined surface of the iron core 22 of the triangular cross-sectional shape is arranged one by one, each of the permanent magnets 24 is the slope and the magnetic flux path of the magnetic flux concentrated iron core 23 It becomes a structure arrange
- the structure that prevents the release of permanent magnets and makes the manufacturing and handling easy can be applied to the general RFPM device and AFPM device having seed flux as well as the transverse flux device.
- the role of inactive parts in generators used in wind turbines can be defined as:
- the weight of the active component accounts for a large portion, but as the size increases, the inactive component portion of the total weight increases. This is because, in the case of a direct drive wind turbine, a generator having a higher torque is required as it becomes larger. Thus, the following considerations may be considered to minimize the inactive component material.
- Bearingless driving method has been proposed and used to solve bearing related problems that occur in space, harsh environment, high speed operation, and the like.
- the bearingless driving method has been studied by various researchers to apply to the following fields.
- the present invention employs a permanent magnet bearingless driving method.
- a big feature of bearingless motors is that the (magnetic) bearing windings are combined with the motor.
- FIG. 7A shows the winding structure of the 4-pole permanent magnet bearingless motor.
- bearing windings and torque windings are designed with different numbers of poles.
- the winding arrangement of the basic bearingless drive structure can be simplified as shown in FIG.
- four-pole motor windings (torque windings) are indicated by reference numerals 4a and 4b
- two-pole bearing windings are indicated by reference numerals 2a and 2b.
- PM permanent magnet
- the buried PM type bearingless electric motor shown in FIG. 7 (d) has a structure in which radial bearing force can be improved because of low magnetic reluctance in the permanent magnet.
- the bearingless drive structure As described above, in the bearingless drive structure, the bearing force and the torque winding (torque winding) must be used to simultaneously control the bearing force and torque. Therefore, the bearingless drive structure is more complicated to configure and control than the drive structure of a general electric machine (motor / generator), and becomes expensive.
- the weight of inactive components accounts for a large portion of the generator weight. If the bearingless driving method is applied, the weight of the inactive components can be significantly reduced, and if there is a method to significantly reduce the price of the generator using the bearingless driving method, the bearingless driving can be applied to the large direct drive.
- the weight of the rotor including the weight of the active component and the weight of the inactive component
- the bearing force is used to support the weight of the rotor and maintain the required position.
- the power consumption in the lease driving is expected to be large. Therefore, the new concept of bearingless drive for large direct drive must satisfy the following.
- the new permanent magnet bearingless drive (drive) structure used in the present invention is also a structure having an iron core and a permanent magnet in the rotor.
- the stator also consists of an iron core and a winding.
- 8 is a view showing a structure of a permanent magnet bearingless drive (drive) according to the present invention, and has a shape of a bilateral axial flux machine as shown. As shown in Fig. 8, the bearing force is used only to keep the void length of the rotor and the stator constant, and has a structure that is not used to support the weight of the rotor.
- the bearingless drive structure shown in FIG. 8 has the structure of the TFPM device shown in FIG. 5, it can be implemented even if it is applied to normal permanent magnet (PM) machine (seed flux permanent magnet machine etc.).
- the structure of FIG. 8 is a structure that transmits rotational force and maintains an air gap in a new bearingless driving structure without a structural component such as a conventional general generator (or electric motor).
- Common generators (or electric motors) are structural parts, which are electromagnetic parts or active parts that produce electricity, and structures for the transmission of bearings, shafts and rotational forces, and for maintaining air gaps. Or inactive part).
- the bearingless drive generator (or electric motor) according to the present invention has a distinct difference from the conventional bearingless drive generator (or electric motor) which requires both a bearing winding and a torque winding.
- the bearingless drive type generator (or motor) structure has a bilateral pore type structure, and by applying different magnitudes of current to the windings when the pore lengths of both sides are not equal to each other. Both voids can be kept constant (same). That is, like the existing bearingless drive structure, both windings are not required for the generation of torque and the generation of bearing force, but only one winding can perform both roles.
- the air gap 1 and air gap 2 will have the same length. No-load voltage applied to the gap sensor or both stators 1 and 2 when the gaps 1 and 2 are not equal in length, that is, in an unstable state. The difference in the pore length on both sides can be seen from the difference in load induced voltage. If the length of pore 1 is greater than the length of pore 2, increasing the attraction force between the stator and the rotor of pore 1 and reducing the suction force in pore 2 causes the rotor to move to the same point on both sides of pore length. . To this end, it is necessary to increase the magnitude of current ( i ) flowing in the winding of stator 1 and decrease the magnitude of current flowing in the winding of stator 2.
- the suction force in the void 2 is relatively much larger than that in the void 1 so as to increase the current of the stator 1 and decrease the current of the stator 2. There may be a limit to equalizing both voids. In this case, it is also possible to reverse the direction of the current flowing through the stator 2 to reduce the suction force in the air gap 2.
- Fig. 8C shows a more preferable bearingless drive structure of the present invention that can solve this problem.
- the bearingless drive structure proposed in the present invention is not only a wind turbine but also other large direct drive type. It can also be used in the device. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to a linear drive system, in which the control target is a mover rather than a rotor.
- the flux density (B) in each pore is changed, and finally, the magnitude of the suction force existing between the rotor and the stator is also changed.
- the magnetic flux density decreases on the increase side of the pore length and the magnetic flux density increases on the decrease side.
- the gap sensor is used to know the change in the air gap length.
- the generator or the motor
- no gap load is applied to each winding without using the gap sensor.
- the change of a gap can be known.
- the generator or motor
- it is difficult to measure the no-load voltage so a gap sensor is used.
- FIG. 9 magnetic flux densities for different pore lengths are shown in consideration of magnetic flux density characteristics of an iron core having a non-linearly varying characteristic according to the magnitude of magnetic intensity (H).
- the magnetic flux density characteristics in the actual iron core do not show a straight line shape as shown in Fig. 9. That is, Fig. 9 is shown schematically.
- FIG. 9 shows a change in magnetic flux density in both pores at this time. It is shown briefly on the phase.
- B air gap is a magnetic flux density at a stable state in which voids 1 and 2 are the same, and B smaller air gap and B larger air gap are smaller in larger voids and larger voids when voids 1 and 2 are not equal. Indicates the magnetic flux density of each.
- a second way to significantly reduce the inactive mass is a ring shaped generator (also a motor) structure as shown in FIG.
- the shape thereof is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12, which will be described below.
- the ring-shaped transverse flux generator (or electric motor) shown in FIG. 10 is a bilateral air gap type, and the direction of the magnetic flux interlinked in the air gap is axial direction. It has a structure of an axial flux machine. Stators are located on both sides with a rotor in the middle, and each stator consists of an iron core and a copper winding. The rotor is composed of an iron core and a permanent magnet, and as can be seen from the flux path shown in FIG. 8, there are rotors corresponding to each stator on both sides. Thus, this structure consists of a set of stators + rotors on the left and a set of stators + rotors on the right.
- the structure shown in FIG. 10 is a form in which the shaft, the inactive structure necessary for maintaining the air gap and the torque transmission of the existing generator (or electric motor) is removed as much as possible.
- the weight of the structure which is an important part to be solved in the large high torque direct drive generator (or electric motor) mentioned above.
- This structure is a structure mainly used in the past.
- the generator or electric motor
- the generator should be stopped, solved, and restarted. If the generator (or motor) output is large, the impact on the entire operating system is very significant when the generator (or motor) is stopped.
- the present invention realizes the following by making it possible to configure a ring-shaped generator (or electric motor) in a plurality of modules.
- the rotor, the stator, the power converter and the structure of the generator (or electric motor) are configured in a modular fashion rather than in one piece.
- the generator (or motor) is a three-phase structure
- each stator module becomes the stator of the three-phase generator (or motor) individually, only the output is small.
- the output of each module becomes 'the total number of outputs / modules of generators (motors)'.
- FIG. 11 and 12 show a large ring-shaped transverse flux generator (or electric motor) according to the present invention, which shows that it is divided into a plurality of modules.
- the rotor may be manufactured in a modular form and connected to each other to be finally configured as a circular rotor.
- the stator composed of a modular structure is easy to disassemble / assemble for each module, it is possible to combine the power converter corresponding to each module on the surface of each stator module. Using the modular structure in this way allows the generation of power (or operation) in other modules, even if there are problems with some stator and some power converter modules as mentioned above.
- this modular structure is applicable to both generators and motors using large direct drive as well as wind turbines.
- ring-shaped generator (or electric motor) structure as a transverse flux generator (or electric motor), it is possible to implement such a ring-shaped structure as a seed flux generator (or electric motor).
- a ring-shaped generator (or electric motor) structure without a shaft and a structure for transmitting torque and maintaining an air gap has a low speed and high speed. It is also applicable to a torque generator (or electric motor) (for example, a propulsion motor for ships, submarines, etc., generators for tidal or hydraulic power generation, etc.).
- linear motor or generator
- rotary generator or a motor
- linear motor for a transfer system
- generator for linear reciprocating motion
- FIG. 13 The structure of a conventional direct drive system usable in a wind turbine is shown in FIG. 13. Referring to FIG. 13, a rotating part, a fixture, and a bearing are shown, and problems of the existing bearing system as shown can be summarized as follows.
- Bearings and the structure in which they are installed must be required and maintained for precision in manufacturing and operation.
- Existing bearing structures can be applied to very large diameters, but it is difficult to satisfy the precision required by the large diameter structures.
- the existing mechanical bearing system must be robust and precise.
- the diameter of the bearing must be large, similar to that of the generator.
- the bearing must support and guide the weight of the rotor blades of the wind turbine and the rotor weight of the generator at the same time.
- the structure becomes very precise, robust, heavy and expensive.
- the rotational speed of the rotating body or the moving speed of the linear moving object is high speed, high precision structure is required for the support and guiding of the object.
- the support and guiding of the object can be performed even with a relatively low precision structure than the high speed device.
- the rotational speed of the rotating body tends to decrease as it is enlarged. Therefore, if a bearing system having a lower precision than a conventional bearing system can be supported and guided within an error range that requires a large load of heavy loads, the above-mentioned conventional bearings can be used. Overcome problems that arise.
- One way is to eliminate the mechanical contact of existing bearings in the bearing system. Therefore, by using a fluid bearing or a magnetic bearing, it is possible to support and guide the object while satisfying this condition.
- a fluid having a pressure that can withstand the weight of the object must collide with the object in the opposite direction of gravity.
- the bearing force in the opposite direction of gravity must be increased, and the bearing winding current must be increased for this purpose. If the object is very heavy, the energy consumption used to support and guide the weight is very high. Therefore, there is a need for a new concept bearing which is a bearing without mechanical contact and has a small amount of energy consumed to support the weight.
- a rotating body (or moving body) having buoyancy for supporting and supporting the object may be used in the present invention.
- a hydrostatic bearing may be used to prevent contact or touchdown between the rotor (or the mover) and the stator.
- the fluid hydrostatic bearing it is possible to relieve the burden of the bearingless drive for maintaining the air gap. That is, since the hydrostatic bearing can also play a part to maintain the gap, there is an effect that can reduce the peak load of the bearingless drive.
- buoyancy allows heavy structures to be easily lifted in the fluid. If the rotating body or moving body has a buoyancy structure in the fluid, the rotating body or moving body can be easily positioned at the required point to overcome gravity. Thus, the existing heavy, robust and precise structure is no longer needed to maintain the gravity position of the rotating or moving body within a certain range.
- the hydrostatic bearing has a function of maintaining the air gap with the bearingless drive as well as preventing the rotor from contacting the stationary body and causing damage.
- This new guiding and support scheme can be used for the rotor structure of large direct drive generators / motors.
- This guiding and supporting method can also be used for guiding and supporting both rotor blades (or impellers, screws, etc.) and generator / motor rotor structures. Therefore, heavy structures for supporting and guiding rotating parts can be eliminated, thereby greatly reducing the weight of large direct-drive wind turbines.
- FIG. 14 is a view illustrating a rotor having buoyancy
- FIG. 15 is a basic principle of a hydrostatic bearing.
- FIG. 14 (a) shows when the buoyant target object is in a stable state in the fluid. This buoyant object floats in the fluid. And, FIG. 14 (b) shows when the object is in an unstable state, and a force to shake or turn the object is generated. Therefore, when an object becomes unstable and shakes or flips, when the external force is applied in the opposite direction, the object returns to a stable state.
- a hydrostatic bearing is used to utilize this point, and the basic concept and structure are as shown in FIG. 15.
- the fluid supplied to the fluid passage by the pump is configured to support the rotating body by buoyancy while maintaining a constant pressure state around the rotating body.
- the structure may be configured as shown in FIG. 16.
- Such a structure can be applied to a large direct drive system, and in particular, it can be applied to the support and guiding of the rotor blades and the generator rotor of the direct drive wind turbine as shown in FIG. That is, when the generator structure according to the present invention is applied to the wind turbine, it is possible to implement a structure in which the rotor of the wind turbine is coupled together without being limited to the generator of the direct drive wind turbine, which is illustrated in FIG. 17.
- the ring-shaped bearingless structure generator and the buoyant rotor structure and the hydrostatic bearing system according to the present invention can be applied to the guiding of the wind turbine rotor.
- the ring-shaped fixing part by which fluid is filled is fixed to the fixed structure, and the ring-shaped rotation arrange
- the unit is installed.
- a stator is installed on an inner side of the stator, and a rotor is installed at a position facing the stator on an outer side of the rotor.
- the inside of the fixing part is filled with a fluid for maintaining the air gap
- the inside of the rotating part is filled with air, in particular a rotor blade (impeller or propeller, etc.) is integrally connected to the connection portion formed radially projecting on the outer diameter surface of the rotating part. do.
- connection part extends to the outside through a sealing member (sealing fluid) installed on the outer diameter surface of the fixing part and is connected to the outer rotor blade, and the rotor and the rotating part are rotated integrally with the rotor blade inside the fixing part.
- sealing member sealing fluid
- the application of the hydrostatic bearing enables the rotating structure including the rotor to be rotated while being supported by the pressure and buoyancy of the fluid with respect to the fixed structure including the stator.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment in which a rotor blade is installed toward an outer diameter of a generator (or an electric motor) and a fixing part, but the rotor blade is installed toward an inner diameter of the generator and the fixing part as shown in FIGS. 18, 19, and 20.
- the structure can also be implemented.
- the connecting portion extends to the outside through the sealing member installed on the inner diameter surface of the fixing portion, the connecting portion extends toward the inner diameter of the fixing portion, and the rotor blade is also installed to be integrally connected with the connecting portion at the inner diameter side of the fixing portion.
- the ring-shaped generator (or electric motor) structure to which the hydrostatic bearing is applied may be applied to a low speed high torque generator (or electric motor) in addition to a wind turbine (for example, a propulsion motor for ships, submarines, etc.) Or hydroelectric generators, etc.).
- a wind turbine for example, a propulsion motor for ships, submarines, etc.
- hydroelectric generators etc.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 발전기 및 전동기와 같이 회전자 또는 이동자와 함께 고정자를 가지는 직접구동식의 전기기기에 있어서,상기 회전자 또는 이동자 그리고 이에 조합되는 고정자가 각각 분리 구성된 복수개의 모듈들이 1개의 상(phase)을 구성하도록 서로 조합되어 짧은 자속경로를 가지는 복수 모듈 조합형 구조로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 회전자 또는 이동자와 상기 고정자의 조합된 구조에서 상기 회전자 또는 이동자를 중심으로 양측으로 공극을 가지도록 고정자가 배치되는 양측 공극형 구조로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 회전자 또는 이동자와 상기 고정자 사이에서 양측의 공극은, 각 고정자의 권선에 인가되는 전류의 제어를 통해 공극을 유지하는 베어링리스 드라이브에 의하여 유지되며, 상기 베어링리스 드라이브는 상기 회전자 또는 상기 이동자의 무게를 지탱하는데 사용되지 않도록 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 2 또는 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 양측 공극에서 쇄교되는 자속의 방향이 축방향인 축자속 기기의 구조를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 2 또는 청구항 3에 있어서,양측의 각 고정자에 대응하는 회전자 또는 이동자가 각각 구비되어 좌측의 고정자+회전자(또는 이동자) 1 세트와 우측의 고정자+회전자(또는 이동자) 1 세트로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 2 또는 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 회전자와 상기 고정자가 각각 링 형상으로 되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 3 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 전기기기가 횡자속 발전기 또는 횡자속 전동기인 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 3 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 전기기기가 종자속 발전기 또는 종자속 전동기인 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 회전자와 고정자 사이에서 공극은, 유체 압력 및 부력에 의해 회전자를 지지하는 유체 정압 베어링과, 각 고정자의 권선에 인가되는 전류의 제어를 통해 공극을 유지하는 베어링리스 드라이브에 의하여 유지되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,발전기 또는 전동기로서, 고정 구조물에 유체가 채워지는 링 형상의 고정부가 고정 설치되고, 상기 고정부의 내부에는 동심원상에 배치되는 링 형상의 회전부가 설치되며, 상기 고정부의 내측면에 고정자가 설치되고, 상기 회전부의 외측면에는 상기 고정자와 대향된 위치에 회전자가 설치되며, 상기 고정부의 내부에는 공극 유지를 위한 유체가 채워지고, 상기 회전부는 고정부의 외부로 연장된 연결부를 통해 로터 블레이드와 연결된 구성을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 로터 블레이드가 고정부의 외경 쪽으로 배치되어, 상기 회전부가 고정부의 외경 쪽으로 연장된 연결부를 통해 로터 블레이드와 연결되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 로터 블레이드가 고정부의 내경 쪽으로 배치되어, 상기 회전부가 고정부의 내경 쪽으로 연장된 연결부를 통해 로터 블레이드와 연결되는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 회전자 또는 이동자에서 각 모듈마다 두 개의 영구자석이 구비되되, 상기 두 개의 영구자석 사이에 영구자석의 자속경로를 형성하는 삼각형 단면 모양의 철심이 배치되고, 각 모듈에서 역삼각형 단면 모양의 자속 집중형 철심이 구비되되, 상기 두 개의 영구자석이 상기 자속 집중형 철심의 양측 경사면에 배치되어, 각 영구자석이 자속 집중형 철심의 경사면과 자속경로 유지용 철심의 경사면 사이에 배치되는 구조로 된 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 각 모듈은 독립된 기능 및 운전을 수행할 수 있도록 독립된 구성을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 권선은 육상경기트랙(racetrack) 모양의 구조를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 직접구동식의 전기기기는 이동자와 고정자로 구성되는 선형구동의 전기기기인 것을 특징으로 하는 직접구동식의 전기기기.
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JP2012529669A JP5513622B2 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | 直接駆動式の電気機器 |
US13/496,807 US9157416B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | Direct-drive electric machine configured with a plural-module combination structure |
CN201080050587.7A CN102725947B (zh) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | 直驱电机 |
ES10817405.3T ES2562411T3 (es) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | Equipamiento eléctrico de accionamiento directo |
DK10817405.3T DK2479876T3 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | Direct-drive electric equipment |
EP10817405.3A EP2479876B1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-15 | Direct-drive electric equipment |
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KR10-2009-0088576 | 2009-09-18 | ||
KR1020090088576A KR100969682B1 (ko) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | 직접구동식 전기기기 |
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WO2011034336A3 WO2011034336A3 (ko) | 2011-07-14 |
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EP (1) | EP2479876B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5513622B2 (ko) |
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CN (1) | CN102725947B (ko) |
DK (1) | DK2479876T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2562411T3 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2011034336A2 (ko) |
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- 2010-09-15 DK DK10817405.3T patent/DK2479876T3/en active
- 2010-09-15 JP JP2012529669A patent/JP5513622B2/ja active Active
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ITBO20110673A1 (it) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-05-25 | Samp Spa Con Unico Socio | Generatore elettrico per un generatore eolico |
EP2645536B1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2020-01-08 | GE Renewable Technologies Wind B.V. | Permanent magnet rotor |
EP2802062A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-12 | Phase Motion Control S.p.A. | An electric generator for a wind power generator |
US11883345B2 (en) | 2019-01-20 | 2024-01-30 | Airborne Motors, Llc | Medical stabilizer harness method and apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120228965A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
KR100969682B1 (ko) | 2010-07-14 |
US9157416B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
JP5513622B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
EP2479876A4 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
CN102725947A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
JP2013505697A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
EP2479876A2 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
DK2479876T3 (en) | 2016-04-11 |
EP2479876B1 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
WO2011034336A3 (ko) | 2011-07-14 |
CN102725947B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
ES2562411T3 (es) | 2016-03-04 |
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