WO2017054675A1 - 发电机及风力发电机组 - Google Patents

发电机及风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017054675A1
WO2017054675A1 PCT/CN2016/099862 CN2016099862W WO2017054675A1 WO 2017054675 A1 WO2017054675 A1 WO 2017054675A1 CN 2016099862 W CN2016099862 W CN 2016099862W WO 2017054675 A1 WO2017054675 A1 WO 2017054675A1
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Prior art keywords
air gap
generator
rotor
control assembly
gap control
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PCT/CN2016/099862
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
时洪奎
彭云
武青虎
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北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2017054675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017054675A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of power generation equipment, in particular to a generator and a wind power generator set.
  • Wind turbines can generally be divided into two major categories: doubly-fed units with speed-increasing gears between the impeller and the generator, and direct-drive generator sets without gearboxes.
  • a direct-drive generator set whether it is a permanent magnet or an electric excitation unit, the air gap between the generator stator and the rotor (hereinafter referred to as the air gap) is an important electromagnetic parameter.
  • the uniformity of its air gap will directly affect the electrical and mechanical stability of the generator.
  • a direct drive wind turbine includes three components: an impeller 80, a generator 70, and a nacelle 90.
  • the generator 70 is in turn composed of a rotor 10 and a stator 20.
  • windings are usually arranged, and on the outer surface of the stator 20, permanent magnets or electrically excited magnetic poles are usually arranged.
  • the blades on the impeller 80 convert wind energy into torque for driving the generator rotor 10, and use the rotation between the stator 20 and the rotor 10 to cut magnetic lines of force to realize power generation of the generator.
  • the impeller 80 and the generator rotor 10 are mounted on a fixed portion of the wind turbine by a set of bearings.
  • the set of bearings used for installation is subject to a variety of loads, including the weight of the generator rotor 10, the moment load of the cantilever portion, and the symmetrical and asymmetrical wind loads (eg, horizontal, shear, deflection misalignment, and natural turbulence). Wait. Under the action of these loads, the life of the bearing will be affected. In addition, these load effects can cause deformation of the rotor 10 or stator 20 of the generator, which in turn causes a change in the air gap 30 of the generator. A change in the air gap 30 will result in an unbalanced eccentric magnetic pull force that varies with the air gap 30.
  • the present invention provides a generator and a wind power generator to solve the problem of poor generator performance caused by uneven air gap during operation of the generator.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a generator including a rotor, a stator, and an air gap formed between the rotor and the stator in a radial direction of the generator, the generator further including :
  • a first air gap control assembly disposed on the rotor, and the first air gap control assembly has a first magnetic pole
  • a second air gap control assembly is disposed on the stator, and the second air gap control assembly has a second magnetic pole, the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole facing each other and having the same polarity.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator characterized by comprising the above-described generator.
  • the generator provided by the present invention generates a repulsive force between a pair of magnets by adding magnets on the stator and the rotor and making the magnets have the same polarity toward each other, and the repulsive force provides no contact between the rotor and the stator when the air gap changes.
  • the supporting force is to effectively maintain the air gap between the rotor and the stator to make it stable and uniform, thereby improving the electrical and mechanical properties of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind turbine of the prior art
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural schematic view of a generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a generator having a plurality of air gap control portions according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a partial structural schematic view of a generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic view showing a generator of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the generator of the embodiment may be an outer rotor generator, that is, the rotor 10 is sleeved outside the stator 20; or the outer stator generator, that is, the rotor 10 is disposed inside the stator 20.
  • the generator includes a rotor 10, a stator 20, and an air gap 30 formed between the rotor 10 and the stator 20 in the radial direction of the generator.
  • the generator further includes a first air gap control assembly 40 and a second air gap control assembly 50.
  • the first air gap control assembly 40 is disposed on the rotor 10 (the first air gap control assembly 40 moves with the rotor 10 in a radial movement), and the first air gap control assembly 40 has a first magnetic pole 41.
  • the second air gap control assembly 50 is disposed on the stator 20 (the second air gap control assembly 50 moves when the stator 20 generates radial movement), and the second air gap control assembly 50 has the second magnetic pole 51, first The magnetic pole 41 and the second magnetic pole 51 face each other and have the same polarity (may be the same as the N pole or the same S pole).
  • the principle of the generator maintaining the air gap is: by providing the first magnetic pole 41 on the rotor 10, the second magnetic pole 51 having the same polarity as the first magnetic pole 41 is disposed on the stator 20, and the two magnetic poles are utilized.
  • the principle of homosexual repelling provides a contactless support between the rotor 10 and the stator 20 to ensure uniform air gap 30 between the two.
  • the first magnetic pole 41 is circular and disposed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 10
  • the second magnetic pole 51 is circular and disposed along the circumferential direction of the stator 20 such that the first magnetic pole 41 and the second magnetic pole The 51 fit can keep the air gap 30 uniform in the circumferential direction.
  • one of the first magnetic pole 41 and the second magnetic pole 51 has a plurality of magnetic poles and is evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the carrier in which the other magnetic poles 41 and the second magnetic pole 51 are located. It is round and arranged along the circumference of the carrier.
  • the second magnetic poles 51 are circular and are provided on the stator 20 corresponding to the first magnetic poles 41. If the second magnetic pole 51 A plurality of them are disposed along the circumferential direction of the stator 20, and the first magnetic poles 41 are circular and disposed on the rotor 10 corresponding to the second magnetic poles 51. This may not limit the shape of the first magnetic pole 41 or the second magnetic pole 51, which may be a circular arc shape or any other shape while saving material.
  • the first air gap control assembly 40 includes a first permanent magnet and the second air gap control assembly 50 includes a second permanent magnet.
  • the first permanent magnet is fixedly disposed on the end surface of the rotor 10, and the second permanent magnet is fixedly disposed on the end surface of the stator 20.
  • the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet may be fixed by bonding, that is, the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are bonded to the end faces of the respective rotor 10 and the stator 20 by an adhesive.
  • the first permanent magnet may be fixed in the fixing seat first, and then the fixing seat is fixed on the end surface of the rotor 10, and the second permanent magnet is fixed on the end surface of the stator 20 in the same manner.
  • the first air gap control unit 40 and the second air gap control unit 50 constitute an air gap control unit 99, and the air gap control unit 99 is one or at least two.
  • the air gap control portion 99 is at least two, and in the axial direction of the motor, the air gap control portions 99 are sequentially disposed (each gas)
  • the gap control unit 99 may be provided at intervals or in intervals. This can ensure that the air gap control portion 99 can form an effective support regardless of where the rotor 10 and/or the stator 20 are displaced or deformed in the axial direction, so that the effect of ensuring the uniformity of the air gap 30 is better.
  • a wind power generator that includes the generator described above.
  • the wind turbine adopts the above-mentioned generator, which can effectively ensure the uniform air gap of the generator, thereby ensuring the electrical characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the generator, and at the same time reducing the strength of the bearing and the like, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the wind turbine also includes an impeller and a nacelle.
  • the impeller is coupled to the generator and drives the rotor 10 of the generator to rotate.
  • the nacelle is used to install a generator and other control equipment.
  • the end surface of the rotor 10 is provided with a rotor end cover 11 extending in the radial direction to increase the rigidity of the rotor 10.
  • the stator 20 is fixedly provided with an additional connecting member 21, and the additional connecting member 21 is L-shaped. , having a vertical section extending in the radial direction of the generator, the rotor end cover 11 and the The vertical segments correspond in the radial direction with a spacing therebetween.
  • the first permanent magnet of the first air gap control assembly 40 is disposed on the end surface of the rotor end cover 11 facing the vertical section
  • the second permanent magnet of the second air gap control assembly 50 is disposed on the rotor end cover of the vertical section
  • the magnetic pole of the first permanent magnet adjacent to the second permanent magnet ie, the first magnetic pole 41
  • the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet adjacent to the first permanent magnet ie, the second magnetic pole 51
  • the rotor end cover 11 or the vertical section thereon is moved, so that a part of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are close to each other, and a repulsive force is generated to prevent the opposite direction to the moving direction.
  • the uniformity of the air gap 30 is maintained.
  • the permanent magnets are disposed on the rotor end cover 11, and the electromagnets are disposed on the vertical sections of the additional connecting members 21.
  • the permanent magnets may be disposed directly on the end faces of the rotor 10
  • the electromagnets may be disposed directly on the end faces of the stator 20.
  • an electromagnet may also be provided on both the rotor end cover 11 and the vertical section.
  • the generator since the magnetic force of the electromagnet can be changed by changing the magnitude of the current, so that it has better controllability, the generator also includes a control unit in order to make the suitability and adjustability of the generator better. And an air gap detecting sensor 61 electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the air gap detecting sensor 61 may be a distance sensor for detecting the size of the air gap 30 and outputting detection data.
  • the control unit is electrically connected to the electromagnet and the air gap detecting sensor 61 and controls the current applied to the electromagnet according to the detection data of the air gap detecting sensor 61 to control the magnitude of the repulsive force generated thereby, thereby realizing real-time control of the air gap 30. .
  • the contactless support of the stator and the rotor is achieved, which helps to maintain the relative stability of the air gap of the generator and improve the electrical performance and mechanical performance of the generator.
  • the quality of the structure can be significantly reduced, the cost of the stator and the rotor can be effectively reduced, and the cost of the generator can be reduced.
  • the load on the main bearing can be reduced, the cost of the bearing can be reduced, and the life of the bearing can be improved.
  • the repulsive force between the magnets is along the radial direction of the generator, thus ensuring that the rotation of the generator is not affected and the rotational resistance is not increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种发电机及风力发电机组。该发电机包括转子、定子、以及沿发电机的径向在转子与定子之间形成的气隙，发电机还包括：第一气隙控制组件，设置于转子上，且第一气隙控制组件具有第一磁极；第二气隙控制组件，设置于定子上，且第二气隙控制组件具有第二磁极，第一磁极与第二磁极朝向彼此，且极性相同。该发电机可以通过磁极之间的斥力支撑定子和转子，有效保障气隙稳定。

Description

发电机及风力发电机组 技术领域
本发明涉及发电设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种发电机及风力发电机组。
背景技术
风力发电机组从结构上通常可分为两大类：在叶轮和发电机之间布置增速箱的双馈式机组以及无齿轮箱的直驱式发电机组。对于直驱式发电机组而言，不论是永磁式还是电励磁式机组，发电机定子和转子之间的空气间隙(以下简称气隙)都是一项重要的电磁参数。对于运行中的发电机而言，其气隙的均匀性将直接影响发电机的电气特性和机械性能的稳定。
如图1和图2所示，一般而言，直驱式风力发电机包括叶轮80、发电机70和机舱90三大部件，发电机70又由转子10和定子20组成。在转子10的内表面，通常布置有绕组，在定子20的外表面，通常布置有永磁或电励磁的磁极。叶轮80上的叶片将风能转化为驱动发电机转子10的转矩，利用定子20与转子10之间的旋转，切割磁力线，实现发电机的发电。
叶轮80和发电机转子10通过一组轴承安装在风力发电机组的固定部分上。用于安装的这组轴承需要承受多种载荷，主要包括发电机转子10的重量、悬臂部分的弯矩载荷、对称和不对称的风载(例如水平、剪切、偏转错位及自然紊流)等。在这些载荷的作用下，轴承的寿命会受到影响。此外，这些载荷作用会导致发电机的转子10或者定子20发生变形，进而导致发电机气隙30的变化，气隙30的变化将会导致不平衡的偏心磁拉力，该拉力随着气隙30的不均匀性的增大而增大，还会进一步影响发电机的性能，降低包括定子20、转子10和轴承等零部件的寿命。因此，在直驱式风力发电机的设计中，发电机气隙30的保持是关键性的技术问题。
目前常规的保持气隙的方法包括增加整个发电机***的刚性，例如提高轴承的预紧、增大支撑轴的厚度、提高定子或者转子支架的刚度、提高支撑 轴和支撑轴承的刚度等等。然而，这些方法的应用意味着发电机组的重量的增加，使得制造和运输成本急剧上升。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述缺陷，本发明提供一种发电机及风力发电机组，以解决发电机在运行过程中气隙不均匀造成的发电机性能差的问题。
本发明的第一个方面是为了提供一种发电机，包括转子、定子、以及沿所述发电机的径向在所述转子与所述定子之间形成的气隙，所述发电机还包括：
第一气隙控制组件，设置于所述转子上，且所述第一气隙控制组件具有第一磁极；
第二气隙控制组件，设置于所述定子上，且所述第二气隙控制组件具有第二磁极，所述第一磁极与所述第二磁极朝向彼此，且极性相同。
本发明的第二个方面是为了提供一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括上述的发电机。
本发明提供的发电机通过在定子和转子上增加磁体，并使磁体朝向彼此的极性相同，使得一对磁体之间产生斥力，当气隙发生变化时这一斥力为转子和定子提供不接触的支撑力，以有效地保持转子与定子之间的气隙，使之稳定均匀，进而改善电机的电气性能和机械性能。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的风力发电机组的结构示意图；
图2为图1中的A处的放大图；
图3为本发明的第一实施例的发电机的局部结构示意图；
图4为本发明的第一实施例的具有多个气隙控制部的发电机的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的第二实施例的发电机的局部结构示意图；
图6为本发明的第三实施例的发电机的局部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
需要说明的是，本实施例的发电机可以是外转子发电机，即转子10套设在定子20外；也可以是外定子发电机，即转子10穿设在定子20内。
如图3所示，发电机包括转子10、定子20、以及沿发电机的径向在转子10与定子20之间形成的气隙30。在本实施例中，发电机还包括第一气隙控制组件40和第二气隙控制组件50。第一气隙控制组件40设置于转子10上(在转子10产生径向移动时，第一气隙控制组件40随之移动)，且第一气隙控制组件40具有第一磁极41。第二气隙控制组件50设置在定子20上(在定子20产生径向移动时，第二气隙控制组件50随之移动)，且第二气隙控制组件50具有第二磁极51，第一磁极41与第二磁极51朝向彼此，且极性相同(可以同为N极或同为S极)。
当发电机的定子20和转子10因为受载问题而使得两者之间的气隙30产生变化时，势必存在气隙30减小的部分，相应地，第一气隙控制组件40的第一磁极41和第二气隙控制组件50的第二磁极51之间的距离减小，由于两者极性相同，使得两者之间的斥力增大，这一斥力为定子20和转子10提供一种无接触的支撑，有效地保持气隙。
在本实施例中，此发电机保持气隙的原理是：通过在转子10上设置第一磁极41，在定子20上设置与第一磁极41极性相同的第二磁极51，利用两个磁极同性相斥的原理，为转子10和定子20之间提供无接触式的支撑力，以保证两者之间的气隙30均匀。
具体地，在本实施例中，第一磁极41为圆形且沿转子10的周向设置，第二磁极51为圆形且沿定子20的周向设置，这样第一磁极41和第二磁极51配合可以在周向上保持气隙30均匀。
在其它实施例中，第一磁极41及第二磁极51中的一个磁极为多个，且沿所在的载体的周向均匀间隔设置，第一磁极41及第二磁极51中的另一磁极为圆形且沿所在载体的周向设置。
例如，若第一磁极41为多个，且沿转子10的周向均匀间隔设置，则第二磁极51为圆形且与第一磁极41对应地设置在定子20上。若第二磁极51 为多个，且沿定子20的周向均与间隔设置，则第一磁极41为圆形且与第二磁极51对应地设置在转子10上。这样可以不限定第一磁极41或第二磁极51的形状，其可以为圆弧形或其它任何形状，同时可以节省材料。
如图3所示，在本实施例中，第一气隙控制组件40包括第一永磁体，第二气隙控制组件50包括第二永磁体。第一永磁体固定设置在转子10的端面上，第二永磁体固定设置在定子20的端面上。这种方式便于加工和安装，生产成本低。第一永磁体和第二永磁体的固定方式可以是粘接，也即通过粘接胶将第一永磁体和第二永磁体粘接到相应的转子10和定子20的端面上。或者，第一永磁体可以先固定在固定座内，然后将固定座固定在转子10的端面上，同理将第二永磁体固定在定子20的端面上。
在本实施例中，第一气隙控制组件40和第二气隙控制组件50构成气隙控制部99，气隙控制部99为一个或至少两个。
如图4所示，优选地，为了使得转子10和定子20的受力更加均衡，气隙控制部99为至少两个，且沿电机的轴向，各气隙控制部99依次设置(各气隙控制部99可以依次间隔设置，也可以不间隔设置)。这样能够保证无论转子10和/或定子20轴向方向的何处产生偏移或形变，气隙控制部99均可以形成有效支撑，这样保证气隙30的均匀性的效果更好。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种风力发电机组，其包括上述的发电机。这种风力发电机组采用上述的发电机，可以有效地保证发电机的气隙均匀，进而保证发电机的电气特性和机械特性，同时可以降低轴承等的强度，进而降低成本。
风力发电机组还包括叶轮和机舱，叶轮与发电机连接，并驱动发电机的转子10转动，机舱用于安装发电机及其它控制设备等。
实施例二
如图5所示，在本实施例中，除第一气隙控制组件40和第二气隙控制组件50的设置位置和与相应的转子10和定子20的连接方式不同外，其它均与实施例一一致，在此不再赘述。
具体地，转子10的端面上设置有沿径向方向延伸的转子端盖板11，以增加转子10的刚度，相应地，定子20上固定设置有附加连接件21，附加连接件21为L型，其具有沿发电机的径向延伸的竖直段，转子端盖板11与该 竖直段在径向上对应，且两者之间具有间隔。第一气隙控制组件40的第一永磁体设置在转子端盖板11的朝向竖直段的端面上，第二气隙控制组件50的第二永磁体设置在竖直段的朝向转子端盖板11的端面上，且第一永磁体靠近第二永磁体的磁极(即第一磁极41)与第二永磁体靠近第一永磁体的磁极(即第二磁极51)极性相同。
这样当转子10或定子20移动时，会带动其上的转子端盖板11或竖直段移动，进而使得一部分第一永磁体和第二永磁体相互靠近，产生阻止与该移动方向相反的斥力，以最大程度上减小气隙30的变化，保持气隙30的均匀性。
实施例三
如图6所示，在本实施例中，除第一气隙控制组件40和/或第二气隙控制组件50包括电磁铁外，其它结构、设置位置和原理均与实施例二相同，在此不再赘述。
具体地，在本实施例中，设置在转子端盖板11上的为永磁体，设置在附加连接件21的竖直段上的为电磁铁。当然，永磁体可以直接设置在转子10的端面上，电磁铁可以直接设置在定子20的端面上。在其它实施例中，也可以在转子端盖板11和竖直段上均设置电磁铁。
优选地，由于电磁铁的磁力可以通过改变电流的大小而改变，使得其具有较好的可控性，为了使得发电机的适用性和可调节性更好，发电机还包括控制单元(图未示)和与控制单元电连接的气隙检测传感器61。气隙检测传感器61可以为距离传感器，用于检测气隙30的大小，并输出检测数据。控制单元与电磁铁和气隙检测传感器61电连接并根据气隙检测传感器61的检测数据控制电磁铁上加载的电流，以控制其产生的斥力的大小，由此可以实现对气隙30的实时控制。
本发明的发电机和风力发电机组具有如下效果：
通过在定子和转子上设置磁体，依靠磁体间的斥力，实现对定子和转子的无接触式支撑，这样有助于保持发电机的气隙的相对稳定，改善发电机的电气性能和机械性能。
由于采用磁体保持气隙，降低了对定子和转子刚度的要求，可以显著减小结构的质量，有效降低定子和转子的成本，进而可以降低发电机的成本， 此外还可以降低主轴承所承受的载荷，可以降低轴承的成本，提高轴承的寿命。
另外，磁体之间的斥力是沿发电机的径向方向的，因而保证不会对发电机的转动产生影响，不会增加旋转阻力。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种发电机，包括转子(10)、定子(20)、以及沿所述发电机的径向在所述转子(10)与所述定子(20)之间形成的气隙(30)，其特征在于，所述发电机还包括：
    第一气隙控制组件(40)，设置于所述转子(10)上，且所述第一气隙控制组件(40)具有第一磁极(41)；
    第二气隙控制组件(50)，设置于所述定子(20)上，且所述第二气隙控制组件(50)具有第二磁极(51)，所述第一磁极(41)与所述第二磁极(51)朝向彼此，且极性相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征在于，
    所述第一磁极(41)为圆形且沿所述转子(10)的周向设置，所述第二磁极(51)为圆形且沿所述定子(20)的周向设置；或者，
    所述第一磁极(41)及所述第二磁极(51)中的一个磁极为多个，且沿所在的载体均匀间隔设置，所述第一磁极(41)及所述第二磁极(51)中的另一磁极为圆形且沿所在载体的周向设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述第一气隙控制组件(40)设置在所述转子(10)的端面上，所述第二气隙控制组件(50)设置在所述定子(20)的端面上，且沿所述发电机的径向与所述第一气隙控制组件(40)对应。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述转子(10)的端面上设置有沿径向方向延伸的转子端盖板(11)，所述定子(20)上固定设置有附加连接件(21)，所述第一气隙控制组件(40)设置在所述转子端盖板(11)上，所述第二气隙控制组件(50)设置在所述附加连接件(21)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述发电机的转子(10)套设在所述定子(20)外，或者所述发电机的转子(10)穿设在所述定子(20)内。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述第一气隙控制组件(40)包括第一永磁体，所述第二气隙控制组件(50)包括第二永磁体。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述第一气隙控制组件(40)和/或所述第二气隙控制组件(50)包括电磁铁。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述发电机还包括控制单元和与所述控制单元电连接的气隙检测传感器(61)，所述控制单元与所述电磁铁电连接并根据所述气隙检测传感器(61)的检测数据控制所述电磁铁上加载的电流。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述第一气隙控制组件(40)和所述第二气隙控制组件(50)构成气隙控制部(99)，所述气隙控制部(99)为一个或至少两个。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发电机，其特征在于，所述气隙控制部(99)为至少两个时，沿所述发电机的轴向，各所述气隙控制部(99)依次设置。
  11. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的发电机。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的风力发电机组，其特征在于，所述风力发电机组还包括叶轮，所述叶轮与所述发电机连接，并驱动所述发电机的转子转动。
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