WO2011004442A1 - Drilling device - Google Patents

Drilling device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011004442A1
WO2011004442A1 PCT/JP2009/004049 JP2009004049W WO2011004442A1 WO 2011004442 A1 WO2011004442 A1 WO 2011004442A1 JP 2009004049 W JP2009004049 W JP 2009004049W WO 2011004442 A1 WO2011004442 A1 WO 2011004442A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
caisson
scraping
excavation
excavator
traveling body
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PCT/JP2009/004049
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山下経一
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光洋自動機株式会社
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Application filed by 光洋自動機株式会社 filed Critical 光洋自動機株式会社
Publication of WO2011004442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011004442A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a caisson digging apparatus for digging a direct base board at the lower end of a caisson.
  • a caisson has a wedge shape with a sharp cross-sectional shape at the lower end of the blade, and the caisson is placed while the sharp blade penetrates into the ground.
  • the conventional caisson method penetrates the entire caisson into the ground without excavating the direct base plate at the lower end of the caisson, a large frictional resistance is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the caisson and the natural ground.
  • a heavy object is mounted on the caisson, or the anchors anchored in the ground are forced to penetrate, but the caisson sinks.
  • the amount of sedimentation per unit time is limited to a very small range, and there are many problems such as a large burden of time and cost for the construction. .
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 previously proposed a self-propelled excavating device for excavating the ground and discharging the soil.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the excavation apparatus.
  • the previously proposed excavation apparatus includes a pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, means for rotationally driving these horizontal screw bodies 90, 90, and the excavation apparatus horizontally along the caisson 80. And self-propelled means for movement.
  • a pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are excavated bodies arranged between the lower end portion 81 of the caisson 80 and the straight base plate G in the transverse direction of the caisson housing, and on the rotary shaft 91 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 91.
  • a spiral blade 92 is provided integrally therewith.
  • the pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are arranged close to each other in parallel, and the spiral shape of the opposing horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 can be scraped off by the other blade 92 so that the earth and sand that have entered between the blades 92 can be scraped off. Part of the blades 92 and 92 is polymerized.
  • the conventional excavation device has the following problems. (1) When a hard lump such as large and small rocks exists in the ground, a large hard lump is sandwiched between the spiral blades 92 constituting the horizontal screw body 90, or the pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 A small hard lump is bitten into the overlapping portion of the spiral blades 92 and 92. In some cases, these hard lumps can be removed by the rotational force of the two blades 92, 92. However, if the hard lumps are strongly bitten between the blades and the side surfaces of the blades, the horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 may become unrotatable. In the worst case, part of the blade 92 or part of the power transmission mechanism may be damaged.
  • the depth H at which the horizontal screw body 90 can be excavated at one time is 30 cm to 50 cm, which is the same as the diameter of the blade 92.
  • the excavation depth by the horizontal screw body 90 is large, a large torsional force acts on the caisson housing when sinking, and a high horsepower motor must be mounted on the horizontal screw body 90 in order to obtain a large rotational excavation force.
  • the device cost increases.
  • the apparatus cost can be reduced while reducing the excavation depth H, but the soil removal performance is extremely lowered. As described above, it is technically difficult for the conventional excavation apparatus to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a caisson excavation device for any one of the following.
  • (1) It is possible to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal even if the excavation depth of the direct base plate is reduced.
  • a smooth excavation work can be performed while avoiding the pinching or biting of hard masses such as rocks.
  • the excavation depth of the direct base plate can be adjusted with a simple operation.
  • Partial replacement of consumable parts is possible.
  • the structure is simple and the apparatus cost can be reduced.
  • a first invention of the present application is a caisson digging apparatus that movably engages along a lower end portion of a caisson having a horizontal support surface and excavates a direct base plate of the support surface of the caisson, the lower end portion of the caisson A traveling body that can be engaged and traveled, a traveling means for the traveling body, a scraping excavator mounted on the traveling body, and a rotation driving means for the scraping excavator, A plurality of scraping cutters extending radially in the horizontal direction about a vertical rotation axis, and the lower end of the caisson by running of the traveling body and rotation about the rotation axes of the plurality of scraping cutters It is characterized by excavating the direct foundation board of the part.
  • the scraping excavator in the first invention, includes a rotary shaft that pivotally supports the traveling body in a vertical direction, a rotary plate provided horizontally at a lower end of the rotary shaft, It is characterized by comprising a plurality of scraping cutters arranged radially on the rotating plate.
  • the third invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the first invention or the second invention, the scraping cutter is replaceable with respect to the rotating plate.
  • the present invention has the following remarkable effects. (1) Since the plurality of scraping cutters of the scraping excavator are excavating while traveling below the lower end portion of the caisson, the direct base plate can be excavated with a small excavation resistance and an excavation resistance. (2) Since the scraping cutter rotates horizontally around the vertical rotation axis, no excavated soil remains. Therefore, efficient excavation can be ensured even if the excavation depth is reduced, so that both excavation and excavation can be achieved. (3) Since the scraping cutter rotates horizontally around the vertical rotation axis, smooth excavation work avoiding the pinching or biting of rocks or other hard mass between adjacent scraping cutters Can be done. (4) The excavation depth that can be excavated at one time can be set smaller than that of a conventional excavator.
  • the caisson housing can be designed economically.
  • the structure of the excavator is simple and the scraping cutter constituting the scraping excavator can be removed. Therefore, even if some scraped cutters are broken or damaged, it is only necessary to replace the minimum necessary parts. Therefore, even if a portion of the scraped excavator that is a consumable part is worn, it is not necessary to replace the entire scraped excavator body, which is economical.
  • the scraping cutter can be removed, the excavation depth and the excavation length by the scraping excavator can be adjusted with a simple operation by simply replacing the scraping cutter with a predetermined size.
  • the perspective view which shows the state which attached the excavation apparatus which concerns on this invention to the caisson A longitudinal sectional view of the caisson in a state where the excavation device is engaged with the lower end of the caisson Sectional view of III-III in Fig. 2 Sectional view of IV-IV in Fig. 3 Sectional view of VV in FIG.
  • Model diagram of scraped cutter Side view of a scraped cutter according to another embodiment
  • the perspective view of the scraping cutter which concerns on another form Model diagram of a pair of rotating cutter bodies constituting a conventional excavation device
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of the lower end 21 of the caisson 20 with a part thereof omitted.
  • the caisson 20 is a concrete box having a horizontal cross-sectional shape of, for example, a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, and the like. The thickness and overall dimensions of the case are appropriately selected according to the use of the caisson 20.
  • the caisson 20 assumed by the present invention forms a horizontal support surface 22 at the bottom of the lower end 21.
  • the reason why the horizontal support surface 22 is formed in a horizontal plane at the lowermost part of the caisson 20 is to support the total weight of the caisson 20 on the direct base board.
  • a reaction force receiver 23 for obtaining a self-propelled reaction force of the excavation device 10 and a pair of guide rails 24 and 24 for guiding the excavation device 10 are provided inside the lower end portion 21 of the caisson 20.
  • a bottom frame 25 such as H-shaped steel is integrated with the lowermost end portion of the caisson 20, and a concave portion that is continuous with the inside of the bottom frame 25 that is the inner side of the lower end portion 21.
  • a space 26 is formed.
  • a pair of guide rails 24, 24 are provided on the upper and lower flanges 25 a, 25 b of the bottom frame 25 facing the recessed space 26, and at the inner center of the vertical plate 25 c, the moving range of the digging device 10 is provided.
  • a reaction force receiving tool 23 is provided.
  • the reaction force receiving member 23 is constituted by a chain element.
  • a linear rack straight gear
  • a rail or the like may be used. Select according to the self-propelled method.
  • the bottom frame 25 may be omitted, and the reaction force receiver 23 and the guide rails 24 and 24 may be provided directly on the casing of the caisson 2.
  • the excavation device 10 is a self-propelled device that has both a function of scraping and excavating the direct base board of the lower end 21 of the caisson 20 and a function of discharging excavated soil into the caisson, and guides the lower end 21 of the caisson 20.
  • a traveling body 30 that can travel by engaging with the rails 24, 24, traveling means of the traveling body 30, a scraping excavator 40 that is mounted on the traveling body 30 and scrapes and digs out the direct base plate of the lower end portion 21;
  • a rotation driving means of the excavator 40 is a self-propelled device that has both a function of scraping and excavating the direct base board of the lower end 21 of the caisson 20 and a function of discharging excavated soil into the caisson, and guides the lower end 21 of the caisson 20.
  • a traveling body 30 that can travel by engaging with the rails 24, 24, traveling means of the traveling body 30, a scraping excavator 40 that is mounted on the traveling body 30 and scrapes and digs out
  • the traveling body 30 includes a first guide mechanism G 1 and a second guide mechanism G 2 provided at intervals along the traveling direction. Engage with the guide rails 24 and 24 via G 1 and G 2 .
  • the front side with respect to the traveling direction R of the traveling body 30 is referred to as a first guide mechanism G 1
  • the rear side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling body 30 is referred to as a second guide mechanism G 2 .
  • Both of these two guide mechanisms G 1 and G 2 have a common structure, and a support shaft 32 provided rotatably on a pair of horizontal substrates 31, 31 constituting the traveling body 30, and upper and lower ends of the support shaft 32.
  • the support bases 33 and 33 pivotally supported on the support bases 33, a pair of idling rollers 34 and 34 erected on the support bases 33 and 33 at intervals, and the idling roller 38 pivotally supported on the support bases 33 and 33. And have.
  • a pair of rollers 34, 34 that idle around the vertical axis abuts against the side surfaces of the guide rails 24, 24, and a roller 38 that idles around the horizontal axis abuts against the horizontal plane of the guide rails 24, 24, thereby driving
  • the body 30 is supported by the guide rails 24, 24 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
  • the traveling body 30 is smoothly provided even if the traveling path of the traveling body 30 is bent by providing the rollers 34 and 34 via the support shaft 32 and the support base 33. Can be moved to.
  • Traveling means As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the traveling body 30 is equipped with a driving source 35 and traveling wheels 36, and the traveling wheels 36 are rotated forward and backward by receiving the rotation of the driving source 35.
  • the traveling wheel 36 is made of, for example, a sprocket, a gear, a friction wheel, or the like, and causes the traveling body 30 to self-run in cooperation with the reaction force receiver 23 installed inside the caisson 20.
  • any one of an electric motor, a heat engine, a hydraulic motor, and the like can be used.
  • any one of a known gear transmission mechanism C, a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, etc., or a combination of a plurality of these transmission mechanisms can be employed.
  • the traveling wheel 36 is provided on at least one of the support shafts 32 of the first or second guide mechanisms G 1 and G 2 .
  • the running wheel 36 is provided in the first guide mechanism G 1 of the support shaft 32.
  • a gear 37 is provided integrally with the traveling wheel 36 on the same axis as the support shaft 32, and the traveling wheel 36 rotates with the rotation of the drive source 35 transmitted to the gear 37.
  • the scraping excavator 40 includes a rotating shaft 41 that pivots through the traveling body 30 in the longitudinal direction, and a rotating plate that is provided horizontally at the lower end of the rotating shaft 41. 42 and a plurality of scraping cutters 43 arranged radially on the rotating plate 42. The rotating plate 42 and the scraping cutter 43 are rotated at a position below the support surface of the caisson 20 in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 41.
  • the scraping cutter 43 of this example will be described.
  • the scraping cutter 43 has a plate shape or a rod shape as a whole, and at least the front surface 43a functions as a cutting surface.
  • a form in which super hard excavation tips 44 are attached to the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 is shown, but the excavation tips 44 are not essential.
  • the some excavation tip 45 is provided also in the lower surface of the rotating plate 42 as needed, this excavation tip 45 is not essential.
  • the function of the scraping cutter 43 will be described in detail.
  • the ground located on the excavation direction side is excavated by the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43, and the ground is positioned on the front surface 43a.
  • the unevenness of the ground dug down is cut flat and leveled.
  • the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 does not function for continuously excavating downward.
  • the scraping cutter 43 functions to carry the excavated earth and sand laterally on its side surface 43c.
  • the excavation radius of the scraping excavator 40 is determined by the total length of the scraping cutter 43, and the excavation depth of the scraping excavator 40 is determined by the total height of the scraping cutter 43.
  • the scraping cutter 43 is assembled to the rotating plate 42 via a bolt 46 on the base end side, and can be removed from the rotating plate 42 by removing the bolt 46. If some of the scraping cutters 43 are damaged, they can be replaced with separate scraping cutters 43 simply by attaching and detaching the bolts 46.
  • the above-described attachment / detachment structure of the scraping cutter 43 is an example, and a known detachable assembly means can be applied. Further, when it is desired to change the excavation depth or excavation length by the scraping excavator 40, it can be dealt with by a simple operation by simply replacing the scraping cutter 43 with a predetermined size.
  • the traveling body 30 is equipped with a drive source 45, and the scraped excavator 40 receives the rotation of the drive source 45 and the rotation axis 41 is the center. Forward and reverse.
  • the torque transmission means of the drive source 45 any one of a known gear transmission mechanism D, belt transmission mechanism, chain transmission mechanism, etc., or a combination thereof can be used.
  • the rotational speed of the scraping excavator 40 is set so as to be superior to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40.
  • each drive source 35, 45 mounted on the traveling body 30 can be individually controlled.
  • the scraping excavator 40 rotates and a plurality of scraping cutters 43 around a rotating shaft 41 in the vertical direction while self-propelling, thereby scraping and excavating the direct base plate at the lower end 21 of the caisson 20. It is a device for doing.
  • the difference between the scraping excavator 40 and the conventional shield machine is that the scraping excavator 40 moves around the vertical axis while moving in the direction perpendicular to the vertical axis (horizontal direction).
  • the shield machine digs in the extending direction of the rotating shaft while rotating around the rotating shaft.
  • the difference from the conventional pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 described above is that the scraping excavator 40 discharges excavated earth and sand in the direction perpendicular to the vertical rotating shaft 41 (horizontal direction).
  • a pair of conventional horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 discharges excavated earth and sand along the horizontal axis.
  • the difference between the pair of conventional horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 described above is that the scraped excavator 40 rotates in one axis (rotary shaft 41) in the vertical direction, whereas the conventional pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 differs.
  • the horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are biaxially rotated in the horizontal direction. Since the scraping excavator 40 is rotated by one axis (rotating shaft 41) around the vertical axis, the rock scraping cutter 43 and the scraping cutter 43 do not sandwich or bite a hard mass such as a rock. It is possible to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal without any occurrence.
  • FIG. 8 shows a model diagram of the excavation principle by the scraping cutter 43.
  • a plurality of excavation tips 44 provided on the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 excavate the ground G into a planar circular shape.
  • the excavated soil is pushed by the side surface of the rotating scraping cutter 43 and discharged to the inside of the caisson 20. At this time, since the rotating scraping cutter 43 forcibly guides and extrudes the excavated earth and sand along the side surface 43c, the excavated earth and sand do not adhere.
  • the weight of the caisson 20 does not directly act on the excavation device 10.
  • the rotational speed of the plurality of scraping cutters 43, 43... Is set to be superior to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40.
  • the ground 43 where the cutters 43, 43... Are located in the traveling direction is excavated one after another. That is, excavation is substantially performed only at the front end portions of the plurality of scraping cutters 43. That is, although the excavation function of the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43 is not changed, the entire length of the lower surface 43b does not exhibit the excavation function, but the front end portion of the lower surface 43b exhibits the excavation function.
  • the front 43a of the plurality of scraping cutters 43 excavates the ground G in small increments, even if the ground G is compacted hard ground or rock, it can be efficiently excavated.
  • the excavation resistance and the excavation amount per one of the scraping cutters 43 can be obtained from the relationship between the number of scraping cutters 43 constituting the scraping excavator 40 and the rotational speed with respect to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40. it can. Therefore, the relationship between the number of the scraping cutters 43 installed and the rotational speed with respect to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40 is appropriately selected according to the situation at the site so that an excessive load is not applied to the scraping cutter 43.
  • the caisson 20 is supported by the direct base plate through the horizontal support surface 22, so that the weight of the caisson 20 does not directly act on the excavation device 10.
  • the excavating device 10 excavates the caisson's direct foundation board while circling the caisson 20 or repeating forward and backward movements. Since the excavating diameter of the scraping excavator 40 is set so as to coincide with the outer surface of the caisson 20, the friction between the outer peripheral surface of the caisson 20 and the ground is zero when the caisson 20 sinks. Resistance need not be taken into consideration. Accordingly, the caisson 20 settles only by its own weight.
  • the support surface 22 is partially excavated by the excavation apparatus 10 while the support surface 22 at the lower end of the caisson 20 is supported by the direct base plate.
  • the caisson 20 sinks by the height of the scraping cutter 43. That is, as the excavation work of the ground progresses, the caisson 20 sinks in parallel. Since the depth of excavation by the scraping excavator 40 can be set small, it is possible to avoid a large torsional force from acting on the casing of the caisson 20 when sinking. Therefore, it is not necessary to make a design in which the strength of the caisson housing is excessively increased, and the caisson housing can be designed economically.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of the scraping cutter 43.
  • 9A shows a form in which corrugated cutting surfaces are formed on the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43
  • FIG. 9B shows only the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43 in the corrugated cutting surface.
  • a flat cutting surface is formed on the lower surface 43b.
  • FIG. 10 shows a form in which the excavation tip 44 is provided only on the front surface 43 a of the scraping cutter 43.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a drilling device that achieves an efficient drilling rate and efficient earth removal, even when the drilling depth into the ground beneath is shallow. The device is equipped with a traveling body that can travel and a scraper-excavator mounted on the traveling body. The scraper-excavator is equipped with multiple scraping cutters that are provided on a vertical rotary shaft, and the ground beneath the lower end of a caisson is excavated as the traveling body travels and the multiple cutters rotate.

Description

掘進装置Digging equipment
　本発明はケーソンの下端部の直下地盤を掘進するケーソン用の掘進装置に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a caisson digging apparatus for digging a direct base board at the lower end of a caisson.
　一般にケーソンは、その下端部の刃口の断面形状が先鋭な楔形を呈していて、尖鋭な刃口を地盤に貫入しながら沈設している。 Generally, a caisson has a wedge shape with a sharp cross-sectional shape at the lower end of the blade, and the caisson is placed while the sharp blade penetrates into the ground.
　従来のケーソン工法は、ケーソンの下端部の直下地盤を掘削することなく、ケーソン全体を地中に貫入するため、ケーソンの外周面と地山との間に大きな摩擦抵抗を生じる。
　摩擦抵抗に打ち勝ってケーソンを沈降させるために従来は、ケーソンに重量物を搭載したり、地中に定着したアンカー類に反力を得て強制的に貫入しているが、ケーソンを沈降するための設備が大掛かりとなるだけでなく、ケーソンの傾きを回避するために単位時間当たりの沈降量が非常に小さい範囲に制限され、沈設に要する時間と費用の負担が大きい等の多くの問題がある。 Since the conventional caisson method penetrates the entire caisson into the ground without excavating the direct base plate at the lower end of the caisson, a large frictional resistance is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the caisson and the natural ground.
In order to overcome the frictional resistance and sink the caisson, conventionally, a heavy object is mounted on the caisson, or the anchors anchored in the ground are forced to penetrate, but the caisson sinks. In order to avoid the caisson inclination, the amount of sedimentation per unit time is limited to a very small range, and there are many problems such as a large burden of time and cost for the construction. .
　出願人は従来のケーソン工法の問題点に鑑み、ケーソンの全体重量を直下地盤に支持させつつ、掘進装置により直下地盤を掘進しながらケーソンを自重のみで沈設するケーソン工法と、ケーソン下端部の直下地盤を掘削して排土する自走式の掘進装置を特許文献１～４として先に提案した。
　図１１に掘進装置の一例を示す。先に提案した掘進装置は、互いに水平方向向けて並列配置した一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０と、これらの水平スクリュー体９０，９０を回転駆動する手段と、掘進装置をケーソン８０に沿って水平移動させる自走手段とを具備する。
　一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０はケーソン８０の下端部８１と直下地盤Ｇの間で、ケーソン躯体の横断方向に向けて配設した掘削体で、回転軸９１と、回転軸９１の外周面に一体に付設した螺旋状の羽根９２を具備する。
　一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０は互いに接近して並列され、一方の羽根９２の間に入り込んだ土砂を他方の羽根９２で掻き落とせるように、相対向する水平スクリュー体９０，９０の螺旋状の羽根９２，９２の一部が重合している。 In view of the problems of the conventional caisson method, the applicant applies the caisson method in which the entire weight of the caisson is supported on the direct base plate, and the caisson is laid only by its own weight while the direct base plate is dug by the excavating device, and directly below the lower end of the caisson. Patent Documents 1 to 4 previously proposed a self-propelled excavating device for excavating the ground and discharging the soil.
FIG. 11 shows an example of the excavation apparatus. The previously proposed excavation apparatus includes a pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, means for rotationally driving these horizontal screw bodies 90, 90, and the excavation apparatus horizontally along the caisson 80. And self-propelled means for movement.
A pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are excavated bodies arranged between the lower end portion 81 of the caisson 80 and the straight base plate G in the transverse direction of the caisson housing, and on the rotary shaft 91 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 91. A spiral blade 92 is provided integrally therewith.
The pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are arranged close to each other in parallel, and the spiral shape of the opposing horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 can be scraped off by the other blade 92 so that the earth and sand that have entered between the blades 92 can be scraped off. Part of the blades 92 and 92 is polymerized.
特開２００１－２０２９３号公報JP 2001-20293 A 特開２００２－１２１７４４号公報JP 2002-121744 A 特開２００６－２８８３０号公報JP 2006-28830 A 特開平１１－２６９８９０号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-269890
　従来の掘進装置にあってはつぎのような問題点がある。
（１）地中に大小の岩石等の硬質塊が存在する場合、水平スクリュー体９０を構成する螺旋状の羽根９２の間に大きめの硬質塊を挟み込んだり、一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０の螺旋状の羽根９２，９２の重合箇所に小さめの硬質塊を噛み込んだりする。
　これらの硬質塊は二つの羽根９２，９２の回転力で取り除くことができる場合もあるが、羽根と羽根の側面間に硬質塊が強く噛み込むと水平スクリュー体９０，９０が回転不能に陥ったり、最悪は羽根９２の一部または動力伝達機構の一部が破損するおそれがある。
　そのため、硬質塊の挟み込みや噛み込みを生じたときは、掘進装置の運転を一時中断して作業員が硬質塊を手作業で取り除かねばならず、掘削作業の中断を強いられる。
（２）螺旋状の羽根９２は回転軸９１に対して斜めに傾斜している関係から、重合する羽根９２と羽根９２の間に土砂を掻き落せない領域が発生する。
　そのため、一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０の羽根９２や回転軸９１に土砂が付着して残ったままとなり、掘削土砂の排出効率が低い。
（３）水平スクリュー体９０の羽根９２の一部が欠損、変形、又は偏摩耗を生じても部分的な交換ができない。そのために、水平スクリュー体９０をまるごと交換しなければならず不経済である。
（４）水平スクリュー体９０が一度に掘削できる深さＨは羽根９２の径と同じ３０ｃｍ～５０ｃｍである。
　水平スクリュー体９０による掘削深さが大きいと、沈降する際にケーソン躯体に大きなねじれ力が作用する問題と、水平スクリュー体９０に大きな回転掘削力を得るために高馬力のモータを搭載しなければならず、装置コストが嵩むといった問題がある。
　反対に水平スクリュー体９０を構成する羽根９２の径のみを小さくすると、掘削深さＨを小さくしつつ装置コストを低減できるが、排土性能が極端に低下する。
　以上のように従来の掘進装置は、効率のよい掘削性と排土性の両立を図ることが技術的に難しい。 The conventional excavation device has the following problems.
(1) When a hard lump such as large and small rocks exists in the ground, a large hard lump is sandwiched between the spiral blades 92 constituting the horizontal screw body 90, or the pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 A small hard lump is bitten into the overlapping portion of the spiral blades 92 and 92.
In some cases, these hard lumps can be removed by the rotational force of the two blades 92, 92. However, if the hard lumps are strongly bitten between the blades and the side surfaces of the blades, the horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 may become unrotatable. In the worst case, part of the blade 92 or part of the power transmission mechanism may be damaged.
Therefore, when the hard lump is caught or bitten, the operation of the excavation device must be temporarily interrupted and the worker must remove the hard lump manually, forcing the excavation work to be interrupted.
(2) Since the spiral blade 92 is inclined obliquely with respect to the rotation shaft 91, a region where the earth and sand cannot be scraped off is generated between the overlapping blade 92 and the blade 92.
Therefore, earth and sand remain attached to the blades 92 and the rotary shaft 91 of the pair of horizontal screw bodies 90 and 90, and the discharge efficiency of excavated earth and sand is low.
(3) Even if a part of the blade 92 of the horizontal screw body 90 is lost, deformed, or partially worn, partial replacement cannot be performed. Therefore, the entire horizontal screw body 90 must be replaced, which is uneconomical.
(4) The depth H at which the horizontal screw body 90 can be excavated at one time is 30 cm to 50 cm, which is the same as the diameter of the blade 92.
When the excavation depth by the horizontal screw body 90 is large, a large torsional force acts on the caisson housing when sinking, and a high horsepower motor must be mounted on the horizontal screw body 90 in order to obtain a large rotational excavation force. In other words, there is a problem that the device cost increases.
On the other hand, if only the diameter of the blades 92 constituting the horizontal screw body 90 is reduced, the apparatus cost can be reduced while reducing the excavation depth H, but the soil removal performance is extremely lowered.
As described above, it is technically difficult for the conventional excavation apparatus to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal.
　本発明は上記した問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、つぎの何れかひとつのケーソン用の掘進装置を提供することにある。
（１）直下地盤の掘削深さを小さくしても、効率のよい掘削性および排土性の両立が図れること。
（２）岩石等の硬質塊の挟み込みや噛み込みを回避して、円滑な掘進作業を行なえること。
（３）直下地盤の掘削深さを簡単な操作で調整できること。
（４）消耗部品の部分的な交換が可能であること。
（５）構造が簡単で装置コストを低減できること。
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a caisson excavation device for any one of the following.
(1) It is possible to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal even if the excavation depth of the direct base plate is reduced.
(2) A smooth excavation work can be performed while avoiding the pinching or biting of hard masses such as rocks.
(3) The excavation depth of the direct base plate can be adjusted with a simple operation.
(4) Partial replacement of consumable parts is possible.
(5) The structure is simple and the apparatus cost can be reduced.
　本願の第１発明は、水平な支持面を有するケーソンの下端部に沿って移動自在に係合し、ケーソンの支持面の直下地盤を掘削するケーソン用の掘進装置であって、ケーソンの下端部に係合して走行可能な走行体と、走行体の走行手段と、走行体に搭載した掻出掘削機と、掻出掘削機の回転駆動手段とを具備し、前記掻出掘削機は、鉛直の回転軸を中心に水平方向に向けて放射状に張り出した複数の掻出カッタを具備し、前記走行体の走行と、複数の掻出カッタの回転軸を中心とした回転とによりケーソンの下端部の直下地盤を掘削することを特徴とする。
　本願の第２発明は、前記第１発明において、前記掻出掘削機は、走行体を縦方向に貫通して軸支した回転軸と、前記回転軸の下端に水平に設けた回転板と、回転板に放射状に配設した複数の掻出カッタとにより構成することを特徴とする。
　本願の第３発明は、前記第１発明または第２発明おいて、回転板に対して掻出カッタを交換可能に構成したことを特徴とする。
A first invention of the present application is a caisson digging apparatus that movably engages along a lower end portion of a caisson having a horizontal support surface and excavates a direct base plate of the support surface of the caisson, the lower end portion of the caisson A traveling body that can be engaged and traveled, a traveling means for the traveling body, a scraping excavator mounted on the traveling body, and a rotation driving means for the scraping excavator, A plurality of scraping cutters extending radially in the horizontal direction about a vertical rotation axis, and the lower end of the caisson by running of the traveling body and rotation about the rotation axes of the plurality of scraping cutters It is characterized by excavating the direct foundation board of the part.
According to a second invention of the present application, in the first invention, the scraping excavator includes a rotary shaft that pivotally supports the traveling body in a vertical direction, a rotary plate provided horizontally at a lower end of the rotary shaft, It is characterized by comprising a plurality of scraping cutters arranged radially on the rotating plate.
The third invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the first invention or the second invention, the scraping cutter is replaceable with respect to the rotating plate.
　本発明はつぎの顕著な効果を奏する。
（１）掻出掘削機の複数の掻出カッタが、ケーソンの下端部の下方を走行しながら掘削するので、小さな掘削抵抗と掘進抵抗で以って直下地盤を掘削することができる。
（２）掻出カッタが鉛直の回転軸を中心に水平回転するので、従来と比べて掘削土砂の取り残しがなくなる。
　そのため、掘削深さを小さくしても効率のよい排土性を確保することができるから、掘削性および排土性の両立を図ることが可能となる。
（３）掻出カッタが鉛直の回転軸を中心に水平回転するので、隣り合う掻出カッタと掻出カッタの間で岩石等の硬質塊の挟み込みや噛み込みを回避して、円滑な掘進作業を行なえる。
（４）従来の掘削機と比べて一回に掘削できる掘削深さを小さく設定することができる。
　そのため、ケーソンを沈降する際にケーソン躯体に大きなねじれ力が作用することを回避できるから、ケーソン躯体を経済的に設計できる。
（５）掘削機の構造が簡単であり、かつ掻出掘削機を構成する掻出カッタを取り外し可能である。
　そのため、一部の掻出カッタが破損したり損傷した場合でも、必要最小限の部品を交換するだけで済む。
　したがって、消耗部品である掻出掘削機の一部が摩耗しても掻出掘削機体全体を交換せずに済むので、経済的である。
（６）掻出カッタを取り外し可能であるため、所定の寸法の掻出カッタに付け替えるだけの簡単な操作で以って、掻出掘削機による掘削深さや掘削長を調整することができる。
The present invention has the following remarkable effects.
(1) Since the plurality of scraping cutters of the scraping excavator are excavating while traveling below the lower end portion of the caisson, the direct base plate can be excavated with a small excavation resistance and an excavation resistance.
(2) Since the scraping cutter rotates horizontally around the vertical rotation axis, no excavated soil remains.
Therefore, efficient excavation can be ensured even if the excavation depth is reduced, so that both excavation and excavation can be achieved.
(3) Since the scraping cutter rotates horizontally around the vertical rotation axis, smooth excavation work avoiding the pinching or biting of rocks or other hard mass between adjacent scraping cutters Can be done.
(4) The excavation depth that can be excavated at one time can be set smaller than that of a conventional excavator.
Therefore, since it is possible to avoid a large torsional force from acting on the caisson housing when the caisson sinks, the caisson housing can be designed economically.
(5) The structure of the excavator is simple and the scraping cutter constituting the scraping excavator can be removed.
Therefore, even if some scraped cutters are broken or damaged, it is only necessary to replace the minimum necessary parts.
Therefore, even if a portion of the scraped excavator that is a consumable part is worn, it is not necessary to replace the entire scraped excavator body, which is economical.
(6) Since the scraping cutter can be removed, the excavation depth and the excavation length by the scraping excavator can be adjusted with a simple operation by simply replacing the scraping cutter with a predetermined size.
本発明に係る掘進装置をケーソンへ取付けた状態を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the state which attached the excavation apparatus which concerns on this invention to the caisson 掘進装置をケーソンの下端部に係合させた状態におけるケーソンの縦断面図A longitudinal sectional view of the caisson in a state where the excavation device is engaged with the lower end of the caisson 図２におけるIII－IIIの断面図Sectional view of III-III in Fig. 2 図３におけるIV－IVの断面図Sectional view of IV-IV in Fig. 3 図４におけるＶ－Ｖの断面図Sectional view of VV in FIG. 一部を省略した掻き出掘削機の斜視図Perspective view of a scraped excavator with parts omitted 図２におけるVII－VIIの断面図Sectional view of VII-VII in FIG. 掻出カッタのモデル図Model diagram of scraped cutter 他の形態に係る掻出カッタの側面図Side view of a scraped cutter according to another embodiment 他の形態に係る掻出カッタの斜視図The perspective view of the scraping cutter which concerns on another form 従来の掘進装置を構成する一対の回転カッタ体のモデル図Model diagram of a pair of rotating cutter bodies constituting a conventional excavation device
　以下に図面を参照しながら本発明に係る掘進装置の一例について説明する。 Hereinafter, an example of the excavation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
［構成］ [Constitution]
（１）ケーソン
　図１，２に一部を省略したケーソン２０の下端部２１の縦断面図を示す。
　ケーソン２０はその水平断面形状が例えば矩形、多角形、円形、楕円形等を呈するコンクリート製の函体で、その躯体厚や全体寸法はケーソン２０の使途に応じて適宜選択する。 (1) Caisson FIGS. 1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of the lower end 21 of the caisson 20 with a part thereof omitted.
The caisson 20 is a concrete box having a horizontal cross-sectional shape of, for example, a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, and the like. The thickness and overall dimensions of the case are appropriately selected according to the use of the caisson 20.
　本発明が前提とするケーソン２０は、下端部２１の底部に水平な支持面２２を形成する。ケーソン２０の最下部に水平な支持面２２を水平面に形成したのは、ケーソン２０の総重量を直下地盤に支持させるためである。 The caisson 20 assumed by the present invention forms a horizontal support surface 22 at the bottom of the lower end 21. The reason why the horizontal support surface 22 is formed in a horizontal plane at the lowermost part of the caisson 20 is to support the total weight of the caisson 20 on the direct base board.
　ケーソン２０の下端部２１の内側には掘進装置１０の自走反力を得るための反力受け具２３と、掘進装置１０を誘導する一対のガイドレール２４，２４を設ける。 A reaction force receiver 23 for obtaining a self-propelled reaction force of the excavation device 10 and a pair of guide rails 24 and 24 for guiding the excavation device 10 are provided inside the lower end portion 21 of the caisson 20.
　本例における下端部２１の構造について説明すると、ケーソン２０の最下端部にはＨ形鋼等のボトムフレーム２５が一体化していて、下端部２１の内側であるボトムフレーム２５の内側に連続した凹部空間２６を形成している。
　凹部空間２６に面したボトムフレーム２５の上下のフランジ２５ａ，２５ｂには、相対向して一対のガイドレール２４，２４を設けるとともに、縦板２５ｃの内側中央には、掘進装置１０の移動範囲に亘って反力受け具２３を設ける。 The structure of the lower end portion 21 in this example will be described. A bottom frame 25 such as H-shaped steel is integrated with the lowermost end portion of the caisson 20, and a concave portion that is continuous with the inside of the bottom frame 25 that is the inner side of the lower end portion 21. A space 26 is formed.
A pair of guide rails 24, 24 are provided on the upper and lower flanges 25 a, 25 b of the bottom frame 25 facing the recessed space 26, and at the inner center of the vertical plate 25 c, the moving range of the digging device 10 is provided. A reaction force receiving tool 23 is provided.
　本例では反力受け具２３をチェーン要素で構成する場合について示すが、その他に反力受け具２３としては直線状のラック（直線歯車）やレール等を使用してもよく、掘進装置１０の自走方式に応じて適宜選択する。 In this example, the reaction force receiving member 23 is constituted by a chain element. However, as the reaction force receiving member 23, a linear rack (straight gear), a rail, or the like may be used. Select according to the self-propelled method.
　またボトムフレーム２５を省略し、反力受け具２３とガイドレール２４，２４をケーソン２の躯体に直接設けてもよい。 Further, the bottom frame 25 may be omitted, and the reaction force receiver 23 and the guide rails 24 and 24 may be provided directly on the casing of the caisson 2.
（２）掘進装置
　図１，２に基づいて掘進装置１０の全体構成について説明する。
　掘進装置１０は、ケーソン２０の下端部２１の直下地盤を掻き出し掘削する機能と、掘削土をケーソン内側へ排出する機能を併有した自走式の装置であり、ケーソン２０の下端部２１のガイドレール２４，２４に係合して走行可能な走行体３０と、走行体３０の走行手段と、走行体３０に搭載し、下端部２１の直下地盤を掻き出し掘削する掻出掘削機４０と、掻出掘削機４０の回転駆動手段とを具備する。 (2) Excavation Device The overall configuration of the excavation device 10 will be described based on FIGS.
The excavation device 10 is a self-propelled device that has both a function of scraping and excavating the direct base board of the lower end 21 of the caisson 20 and a function of discharging excavated soil into the caisson, and guides the lower end 21 of the caisson 20. A traveling body 30 that can travel by engaging with the rails 24, 24, traveling means of the traveling body 30, a scraping excavator 40 that is mounted on the traveling body 30 and scrapes and digs out the direct base plate of the lower end portion 21; A rotation driving means of the excavator 40.
（３）走行体
　図３，４に示すように、走行体３０は走行方向に沿って間隔を隔てて設けた第１ガイド機構Ｇ1と、第２ガイド機構Ｇ2を具備し、該ガイド機構Ｇ1、Ｇ2を介してガイドレール２４，２４と係合する。
　本例では走行体３０の進行方向Ｒに対して前方側を第１ガイド機構Ｇ1、走行体３０の進行方向に対して後方側を第２ガイド機構Ｇ2と呼んで区別して説明する。 (3) Traveling Body As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the traveling body 30 includes a first guide mechanism G 1 and a second guide mechanism G 2 provided at intervals along the traveling direction. Engage with the guide rails 24 and 24 via G 1 and G 2 .
In this example, the front side with respect to the traveling direction R of the traveling body 30 is referred to as a first guide mechanism G 1 , and the rear side with respect to the traveling direction of the traveling body 30 is referred to as a second guide mechanism G 2 .
　これら２つのガイド機構Ｇ1，Ｇ2は共に共通した構造を有し、走行体３０を構成する一対の水平基板３１，３１に回転自在に設けた支軸３２と、支軸３２の上下端部に枢支した支持台３３，３３と、各支持台３３，３３に間隔を隔てて立設した一対の空転式のローラ３４，３４と、支持台３３，３３に枢支した空転式のローラ３８とを有する。 Both of these two guide mechanisms G 1 and G 2 have a common structure, and a support shaft 32 provided rotatably on a pair of horizontal substrates 31, 31 constituting the traveling body 30, and upper and lower ends of the support shaft 32. The support bases 33 and 33 pivotally supported on the support bases 33, a pair of idling rollers 34 and 34 erected on the support bases 33 and 33 at intervals, and the idling roller 38 pivotally supported on the support bases 33 and 33. And have.
　鉛直軸を中心に空転する一対のローラ３４，３４がガイドレール２４，２４の側面に当接するとともに、水平軸を中心に空転するローラ３８がガイドレール２４，２４の水平面に当接することで、走行体３０はガイドレール２４，２４に支持される（図４，５）。
　一対のローラ３４，３４を水平基板３１，３１に設けるにあたり、支軸３２と支持台３３を介して旋回自在に設けることで、走行体３０の移動経路が屈曲していても走行体３０を円滑に移動することができる。 A pair of rollers 34, 34 that idle around the vertical axis abuts against the side surfaces of the guide rails 24, 24, and a roller 38 that idles around the horizontal axis abuts against the horizontal plane of the guide rails 24, 24, thereby driving The body 30 is supported by the guide rails 24, 24 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
When the pair of rollers 34 and 34 are provided on the horizontal substrates 31 and 31, the traveling body 30 is smoothly provided even if the traveling path of the traveling body 30 is bent by providing the rollers 34 and 34 via the support shaft 32 and the support base 33. Can be moved to.
　ガイド機構Ｇ1，Ｇ2は上記したローラ３４，３８以外に、ガイドレール２４，２４に嵌合可能な固定式のガイド溝を有する公知の係合機構を適用してもよい。 As the guide mechanisms G 1 and G 2, in addition to the rollers 34 and 38 described above, a known engagement mechanism having a fixed guide groove that can be fitted to the guide rails 24 and 24 may be applied.
（４）走行手段
　図２，３に示すように、走行体３０は駆動源３５と走行輪３６を装備していて、駆動源３５の回転を受けて走行輪３６が正逆転する。 (4) Traveling means As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the traveling body 30 is equipped with a driving source 35 and traveling wheels 36, and the traveling wheels 36 are rotated forward and backward by receiving the rotation of the driving source 35.
　走行輪３６は、例えばスプロケット、歯車、または摩擦車等からなり、ケーソン２０の内側に設置した反力受け具２３と協働して走行体３０を自走させる。 The traveling wheel 36 is made of, for example, a sprocket, a gear, a friction wheel, or the like, and causes the traveling body 30 to self-run in cooperation with the reaction force receiver 23 installed inside the caisson 20.
　駆動源３５としては、例えば電動機、熱機関、液圧モータ等の何れかひとつを使用できる。
　駆動源３５の回転を走行輪３６へ伝達するには、公知の歯車伝達機構Ｃ、ベルト伝達機構、チェーン伝達機構等の何れかひとつ、またはこれら複数の伝達機構の組合せを採用できる。 As the drive source 35, for example, any one of an electric motor, a heat engine, a hydraulic motor, and the like can be used.
In order to transmit the rotation of the drive source 35 to the traveling wheel 36, any one of a known gear transmission mechanism C, a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, etc., or a combination of a plurality of these transmission mechanisms can be employed.
　走行輪３６を設けるにあたり、第１または第２ガイド機構Ｇ1，Ｇ2のうち少なくとも何れか一方の支軸３２に走行輪３６を設ける。
　本例では第１ガイド機構Ｇ1の支軸３２に走行輪３６を設けた場合を示す。
　支軸３２の同軸上には走行輪３６と一体に歯車３７が付設してあり、歯車３７へ伝えられた駆動源３５の回転に伴って走行輪３６が回転する。 In providing the traveling wheel 36, the traveling wheel 36 is provided on at least one of the support shafts 32 of the first or second guide mechanisms G 1 and G 2 .
In this example illustrates a case where the running wheel 36 is provided in the first guide mechanism G 1 of the support shaft 32.
A gear 37 is provided integrally with the traveling wheel 36 on the same axis as the support shaft 32, and the traveling wheel 36 rotates with the rotation of the drive source 35 transmitted to the gear 37.
（５）掻出掘削機
　図２に示すように掻出掘削機４０は、走行体３０を縦方向に貫通して軸支した回転軸４１と、回転軸４１の下端に水平に設けた回転板４２と、回転板４２に放射状に配設した複数の掻出カッタ４３とにより構成する。
　回転板４２および掻出カッタ４３は、回転軸４１の回転を受けてケーソン２０の支持面の下方位置で回転する。 (5) Scraping Excavator As shown in FIG. 2, the scraping excavator 40 includes a rotating shaft 41 that pivots through the traveling body 30 in the longitudinal direction, and a rotating plate that is provided horizontally at the lower end of the rotating shaft 41. 42 and a plurality of scraping cutters 43 arranged radially on the rotating plate 42.
The rotating plate 42 and the scraping cutter 43 are rotated at a position below the support surface of the caisson 20 in response to the rotation of the rotating shaft 41.
　本例の掻出カッタ４３について説明すると、掻出カッタ４３は全体形状が板状または棒状を呈していて、少なくともその前面４３ａが切削面として機能する。
　本例では、掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａ及び下面４３ｂに超硬質の掘削チップ４４を付設した形態を示すが、掘削チップ４４は必須ではない。
　また必要に応じて回転板４２の下面にも複数の掘削チップ４５を設けるが、この掘削チップ４５も必須ではない。 The scraping cutter 43 of this example will be described. The scraping cutter 43 has a plate shape or a rod shape as a whole, and at least the front surface 43a functions as a cutting surface.
In this example, a form in which super hard excavation tips 44 are attached to the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 is shown, but the excavation tips 44 are not essential.
Moreover, although the some excavation tip 45 is provided also in the lower surface of the rotating plate 42 as needed, this excavation tip 45 is not essential.
　掻出カッタ４３の機能について詳述すると、掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａで以って掘進方向側に位置する地盤を開削して掘り下げ、掻出カッタ４３の下面４３ｂで以って、前面４３ａで掘り下げた地盤の凹凸を平に切削して均す。
　掻出カッタ４３の下面４３ｂは、下方へ向けて連続掘削するために機能するものではない。
　掻出カッタ４３は掘削土砂をその側面４３ｃで側方へ搬出するために機能する。 The function of the scraping cutter 43 will be described in detail. The ground located on the excavation direction side is excavated by the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43, and the ground is positioned on the front surface 43a. The unevenness of the ground dug down is cut flat and leveled.
The lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 does not function for continuously excavating downward.
The scraping cutter 43 functions to carry the excavated earth and sand laterally on its side surface 43c.
　掻出掘削機４０の掘削半径は掻出カッタ４３の全長によって求められ、また掻出掘削機４０の掘削深さは掻出カッタ４３の全高によって求められる。 The excavation radius of the scraping excavator 40 is determined by the total length of the scraping cutter 43, and the excavation depth of the scraping excavator 40 is determined by the total height of the scraping cutter 43.
　掻出カッタ４３はその基端側にボルト４６を介して回転板４２に組付け、ボルト４６の抜取りにより回転板４２からの取外しが可能である。
　一部の掻出カッタ４３が損傷した場合には、ボルト４６の着脱操作だけで別途の掻出カッタ４３と交換することができる。
　上記した掻出カッタ４３の着脱構造は一例であり、公知の着脱可能な組付け手段を適用できる。
　また掻出掘削機４０による掘削深さや掘削長を変更したい場合には、所定の寸法の掻出カッタ４３に付け替えるだけの簡単な操作で対処することができる。 The scraping cutter 43 is assembled to the rotating plate 42 via a bolt 46 on the base end side, and can be removed from the rotating plate 42 by removing the bolt 46.
If some of the scraping cutters 43 are damaged, they can be replaced with separate scraping cutters 43 simply by attaching and detaching the bolts 46.
The above-described attachment / detachment structure of the scraping cutter 43 is an example, and a known detachable assembly means can be applied.
Further, when it is desired to change the excavation depth or excavation length by the scraping excavator 40, it can be dealt with by a simple operation by simply replacing the scraping cutter 43 with a predetermined size.
（６）掻出掘削機の回転駆動手段
　図２に示すように走行体３０は駆動源４５を搭載していて、駆動源４５の回転を受けて掻出掘削機４０が回転軸４１を中心に正逆転する。
　駆動源４５のトルク伝達手段としては、公知の歯車伝達機構Ｄ、ベルト伝達機構、チェーン伝達機構等の何れかひとつ、またはこれらの複数の組合せを使用できる。 (6) Rotation Driving Means of Raised Excavator As shown in FIG. 2, the traveling body 30 is equipped with a drive source 45, and the scraped excavator 40 receives the rotation of the drive source 45 and the rotation axis 41 is the center. Forward and reverse.
As the torque transmission means of the drive source 45, any one of a known gear transmission mechanism D, belt transmission mechanism, chain transmission mechanism, etc., or a combination thereof can be used.
　掻出掘削機４０の回転速度は掻出掘削機４０の移動速度に対して卓越するように設定してある。 The rotational speed of the scraping excavator 40 is set so as to be superior to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40.
　尚、走行体３０に搭載した各駆動源３５，４５の稼動は個別制御が可能である。 The operation of each drive source 35, 45 mounted on the traveling body 30 can be individually controlled.
（７）掘削原理の比較
　掻出掘削機４０は自走しながら鉛直方向の回転軸４１を中心に複数の掻出カッタ４３が回転することで、ケーソン２０の下端部２１の直下地盤を掻き出し掘削するための装置である。
　掻出掘削機４０が従来のシールドマシンと比較して異なるところは、掻出掘削機４０が鉛直軸を中心に回転しながら鉛直軸の直交方向（水平方向）へ向けて移動しながら掘進するのに対して、シールドマシンが回転軸を中心に回転しながら回転軸の延長方向へ向けて掘進することである。
　掻出掘削機４０が鉛直の回転軸４１の直交方向（水平方向）へ向けて掘進する方式を採用することで、シールドマシンと比較して掘削抵抗と掘進抵抗が格段に小さくなる。 (7) Comparison of Excavation Principles The scraping excavator 40 rotates and a plurality of scraping cutters 43 around a rotating shaft 41 in the vertical direction while self-propelling, thereby scraping and excavating the direct base plate at the lower end 21 of the caisson 20. It is a device for doing.
The difference between the scraping excavator 40 and the conventional shield machine is that the scraping excavator 40 moves around the vertical axis while moving in the direction perpendicular to the vertical axis (horizontal direction). On the other hand, the shield machine digs in the extending direction of the rotating shaft while rotating around the rotating shaft.
By adopting a method in which the scraping excavator 40 digs in the direction orthogonal to the vertical rotating shaft 41 (horizontal direction), the excavation resistance and the digging resistance are significantly reduced as compared with the shield machine.
　また既述した従来の一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０と比較して異なるところは、掻出掘削機４０が鉛直の回転軸４１の直交方向（水平方向）へ向けて掘削土砂を排出するのに対して、従来の一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０が水平軸に沿って掘削土砂を排出することである。
　掻出掘削機４０が回転軸４１の直交方向（水平方向）へ向けて掘削土砂を排出する方式を採用することで、従来と比べて掘削土砂の取り残しがなくなり、掘削深さを小さくしても、効率のよい排土性を確保することができる。 Further, the difference from the conventional pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 described above is that the scraping excavator 40 discharges excavated earth and sand in the direction perpendicular to the vertical rotating shaft 41 (horizontal direction). On the other hand, a pair of conventional horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 discharges excavated earth and sand along the horizontal axis.
By adopting a method in which the scraping excavator 40 discharges excavated sediment in the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft 41 (horizontal direction), there is no left-over excavated sediment compared to the conventional case, and the excavation depth can be reduced. Efficient soil removal can be ensured.
　さらに既述した従来の一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０と比較して異なるところは、掻出掘削機４０が鉛直方向へ向けた一軸（回転軸４１）回転であるのに対して、従来の一対の水平スクリュー体９０，９０が水平方向へ向けた二軸回転であることである。
　掻出掘削機４０が鉛直軸を中心とした一軸（回転軸４１）の回転であるから、隣り合う掻出カッタ４３と掻出カッタ４３の間で岩石等の硬質塊の挟み込みや噛み込みをまったく生じることなく、効率のよい掘削性および排土性の両立を図ることができる。 Further, the difference between the pair of conventional horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 described above is that the scraped excavator 40 rotates in one axis (rotary shaft 41) in the vertical direction, whereas the conventional pair of horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 differs. The horizontal screw bodies 90, 90 are biaxially rotated in the horizontal direction.
Since the scraping excavator 40 is rotated by one axis (rotating shaft 41) around the vertical axis, the rock scraping cutter 43 and the scraping cutter 43 do not sandwich or bite a hard mass such as a rock. It is possible to achieve both efficient excavation and soil removal without any occurrence.
［作動］
　つぎに既述した掘進装置の作用について説明する。 [Operation]
Next, the operation of the above-described excavation apparatus will be described.
（１）掻き出し掘削
　図２において、走行体３０に搭載した駆動源４５を作動すると、トルク伝達手段を介して駆動源４５の回転力が掻出掘削機４０を構成する回転軸４１へ伝達される。その結果、走行体３０が停止した状態で複数の掻出カッタ４３が回転軸４１を中心に一方向に回転を開始する。
　掻出掘削機４０が回転することで、ケーソン２０の支持面２２の直下地盤が掻出カッタ４３の高さと半径を有する平面円形状（平面円環状）に掘削される。 (1) Scraping excavation In FIG. 2, when the driving source 45 mounted on the traveling body 30 is operated, the rotational force of the driving source 45 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 41 constituting the scraping excavator 40 through the torque transmitting means. . As a result, the plurality of scraping cutters 43 start rotating in one direction around the rotation shaft 41 with the traveling body 30 stopped.
By rotating the scraping excavator 40, the direct base plate of the support surface 22 of the caisson 20 is excavated into a planar circular shape (planar annular shape) having the height and radius of the scraping cutter 43.
　図８に掻出カッタ４３による掘削原理のモデル図を示す。
　掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａと下面４３ｂに設けた複数の掘削チップ４４が地盤Ｇを平面円形状に掘削する。 FIG. 8 shows a model diagram of the excavation principle by the scraping cutter 43.
A plurality of excavation tips 44 provided on the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43 excavate the ground G into a planar circular shape.
　掻き出し掘削に当たり、図示したように掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａの上半を切除して逃げ部を形成しておくと、逃げ部の分だけ掻出カッタ４３の回転抵抗が小さくなるだけでなく、破線で示すオーバーハングとなった地盤Ｇの領域が土砂の自重で崩落するので直接掘削する必要がなくなる。
　オーバーハングの領域の土砂が自重崩落しないときでも、掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａの斜めの切削面で掘削できるので、掘削残しを生じることがない。 When scraping excavation, if the upper half of the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43 is excised as shown in the figure to form a relief portion, not only the rotational resistance of the scraping cutter 43 is reduced by the amount of the relief portion, Since the area of the ground G that is an overhang indicated by the broken line collapses due to the weight of the earth and sand, it is not necessary to excavate directly.
Even when the earth and sand in the overhang area does not collapse due to its own weight, excavation can be performed with the oblique cutting surface of the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43, so that no excavation residue is generated.
　掘削土砂は回転する掻出カッタ４３の側面に押されてケーソン２０の内側へ排出される。
　この際、回転する掻出カッタ４３がその側面４３ｃに沿って掘削土砂を強制的に誘導して押し出すので、掘削土砂が付着することがない。 The excavated soil is pushed by the side surface of the rotating scraping cutter 43 and discharged to the inside of the caisson 20.
At this time, since the rotating scraping cutter 43 forcibly guides and extrudes the excavated earth and sand along the side surface 43c, the excavated earth and sand do not adhere.
　掻出掘削機４０により所定の深さの平面円形状の掘削を完了した後に、掻出掘削機４０が回転を継続しても、掻出掘削機４０が移動しない限り、さらなる掘削は進行しない。 Even if the scraping excavator 40 continues to rotate after the planar excavation of a predetermined depth is completed by the scraping excavator 40, further excavation does not proceed unless the scraping excavator 40 moves.
　掘進装置１０はケーソン２０に垂下され、またケーソン２０は水平な支持面２２を通じて直下地盤に支持されているため、掘進装置１０にケーソン２０の自重が直接作用することはない。 Since the excavation device 10 is suspended by the caisson 20, and the caisson 20 is supported by the direct base plate through the horizontal support surface 22, the weight of the caisson 20 does not directly act on the excavation device 10.
（２）掘進装置の走行
　図２において、走行体３０に搭載した駆動源４５に引き続いて駆動源３５を作動すると、トルク伝達手段を介して駆動源３５の回転が走行輪３６へ伝達される。
　ケーソン２０の内側の反力受け具２３と噛合する走行輪３６が回転することで、掘進装置１０はケーソン２０の下端部２１のガイドレール２４，２４に沿って一方向へ向けて走行を開始する。
　回転を継続した掻出掘削機４０がケーソン２０に沿って水平移動を開始することで、掻出カッタ４３の高さと径の寸法による支持面２２の直下地盤の掻き出し掘削（掘進）が進行する。 (2) Traveling of the excavation device In FIG. 2, when the driving source 35 is operated following the driving source 45 mounted on the traveling body 30, the rotation of the driving source 35 is transmitted to the traveling wheels 36 via the torque transmitting means.
As the traveling wheel 36 that meshes with the reaction force receiver 23 inside the caisson 20 rotates, the digging device 10 starts traveling in one direction along the guide rails 24 and 24 of the lower end portion 21 of the caisson 20. .
When the scraping excavator 40 that has continued to rotate starts to move horizontally along the caisson 20, scraping excavation (digging) of the direct base plate of the support surface 22 according to the height and diameter of the scraping cutter 43 proceeds.
　掻出掘削機４０による掘進に当たり、掻出掘削機４０の移動速度に対して、複数の掻出カッタ４３，４３・・・の回転速度が卓越するように設定してあるので、複数の掻出カッタ４３，４３・・・が進行方向に位置する地盤Ｇを次々と掘削することになる。つまり、複数の掻出カッタ４３の前端部だけで実質的に掘削することになる。
　すなわち、掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａの掘削機能は変わらないが、下面４３ｂはその全長が掘削機能を発揮するのではなく、下面４３ｂの前端部分が掘削機能を発揮する。
　このように複数の掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａが小刻みに地盤Ｇを掻き出しながら掘削するため、地盤Ｇが締め固められた硬質地盤や岩盤質であっても効率的に掘削することができる。 In the excavation by the scraping excavator 40, the rotational speed of the plurality of scraping cutters 43, 43... Is set to be superior to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40. The ground 43 where the cutters 43, 43... Are located in the traveling direction is excavated one after another. That is, excavation is substantially performed only at the front end portions of the plurality of scraping cutters 43.
That is, although the excavation function of the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43 is not changed, the entire length of the lower surface 43b does not exhibit the excavation function, but the front end portion of the lower surface 43b exhibits the excavation function.
Thus, since the front 43a of the plurality of scraping cutters 43 excavates the ground G in small increments, even if the ground G is compacted hard ground or rock, it can be efficiently excavated.
　掻出カッタ４３の１本当たりの掘削抵抗及び掘削量は、掻出掘削機４０を構成する掻出カッタ４３の設置本数と、掻出掘削機４０の移動速度に対する回転速度の関係によって求めることができる。
　したがって、掻出カッタ４３に過度の負荷がかからないように現場の状況に応じて、掻出カッタ４３の設置本数と、掻出掘削機４０の移動速度に対する回転速度の関係を適宜選択する。 The excavation resistance and the excavation amount per one of the scraping cutters 43 can be obtained from the relationship between the number of scraping cutters 43 constituting the scraping excavator 40 and the rotational speed with respect to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40. it can.
Therefore, the relationship between the number of the scraping cutters 43 installed and the rotational speed with respect to the moving speed of the scraping excavator 40 is appropriately selected according to the situation at the site so that an excessive load is not applied to the scraping cutter 43.
　掘進装置１０による掘進中も、ケーソン２０は水平な支持面２２を通じて直下地盤に支持されているため、掘進装置１０にケーソン２０の自重が直接作用しない。 Even during the excavation by the excavation device 10, the caisson 20 is supported by the direct base plate through the horizontal support surface 22, so that the weight of the caisson 20 does not directly act on the excavation device 10.
（３）ケーソンの沈降
　以上のように掘進装置１０はケーソン２０を周回しながら、或いは前進と後退を繰り返しながらケーソンの直下地盤を掘削する。
　掻出掘削機４０の掘削径がケーソン２０の外側面と一致するように設定してあるので、ケーソン２０の沈降時におけるケーソン２０の外周面と地山間の摩擦はゼロとなるから、周面摩擦抵抗は特に考慮する必要がない。
　したがって、ケーソン２０は自重だけで沈降する。 (3) Caisson Sinking As described above, the excavating device 10 excavates the caisson's direct foundation board while circling the caisson 20 or repeating forward and backward movements.
Since the excavating diameter of the scraping excavator 40 is set so as to coincide with the outer surface of the caisson 20, the friction between the outer peripheral surface of the caisson 20 and the ground is zero when the caisson 20 sinks. Resistance need not be taken into consideration.
Accordingly, the caisson 20 settles only by its own weight.
　既述したように掘進中において、ケーソン２０の下端の支持面２２を直下地盤に支持させた状態で、掘進装置１０に支持面２２を直下地盤を部分的に掘削していく。ケーソン２０の一周分の掘削が完了することで、ケーソン２０は掻出カッタ４３の高さ分だけ沈降する。すなわち、地盤の掘削作業の進行に伴い、ケーソン２０の沈降が並行して進行する。
　掻出掘削機４０による掘削深さを小さく設定できるので、沈降する際にケーソン２０の躯体に大きなねじれ力が作用することを回避できる。
　そのため、ケーソンの躯体強度を過剰に増強した設計をする必要がなくなり、ケーソン躯体を経済的に設計することができる。 As described above, during the excavation, the support surface 22 is partially excavated by the excavation apparatus 10 while the support surface 22 at the lower end of the caisson 20 is supported by the direct base plate. When the excavation for one round of the caisson 20 is completed, the caisson 20 sinks by the height of the scraping cutter 43. That is, as the excavation work of the ground progresses, the caisson 20 sinks in parallel.
Since the depth of excavation by the scraping excavator 40 can be set small, it is possible to avoid a large torsional force from acting on the casing of the caisson 20 when sinking.
Therefore, it is not necessary to make a design in which the strength of the caisson housing is excessively increased, and the caisson housing can be designed economically.
（４）掘削板の部分交換
　掻出掘削機４０を長時間に亘り使用すると、一部の掻出カッタ４３が偏摩耗したり損傷する場合がある。
　本発明では、回転板４２からボルト４６を取り外すだけで、新たな掻出カッタ４３と交換することが可能である。
　したがって、健全な掻出カッタ４３はそのまま継続使用できるので、掻出掘削機４０全体を交換せずに済み経済的である。 (4) Partial replacement of excavation plate When the scraping excavator 40 is used for a long time, some scraping cutters 43 may be partially worn or damaged.
In the present invention, it is possible to replace the scraped cutter 43 with a new one simply by removing the bolt 46 from the rotating plate 42.
Therefore, since the healthy scraping cutter 43 can be continuously used as it is, it is not necessary to replace the entire scraping excavator 40 and it is economical.
（５）他の実施形態
　図９，１０に掻出カッタ４３の他の形態を示す。
　図９の（Ａ）は掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａと下面４３ｂに、波形の切削面を形成した形態を示し、同図の（Ｂ）は掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａのみを波形の切削面を形成し、下面４３ｂに平らな切削面を形成した形態を示す。
　図１０は掻出カッタ４３の前面４３ａのみに掘削チップ４４を設けた形態を示す。
(5) Other Embodiments FIGS. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of the scraping cutter 43.
9A shows a form in which corrugated cutting surfaces are formed on the front surface 43a and the lower surface 43b of the scraping cutter 43, and FIG. 9B shows only the front surface 43a of the scraping cutter 43 in the corrugated cutting surface. And a flat cutting surface is formed on the lower surface 43b.
FIG. 10 shows a form in which the excavation tip 44 is provided only on the front surface 43 a of the scraping cutter 43.
１０・・・・・掘進装置
２０・・・・・ケーソン
２１・・・・・ケーソンの下端部
２２・・・・・支持面
２３・・・・・反力受け具
２４，２４・・ガイドレール
３０・・・・・走行体
３３・・・・・支持台
３４・・・・・ローラ
３５・・・・・駆動源
３６・・・・・走行輪
４０・・・・・掻出掘削機
４１・・・・・掻出掘削機の回転軸
４２・・・・・掻出掘削機の回転板
４３・・・・・掻出カッタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Excavating device 20 ... Caisson 21 ... Lower end part 22 of caisson ... Support surface 23 ... Reaction force receptacle 24, 24 ... Guide rail 30... Traveling body 33... Support base 34... Roller 35... Drive source 36.・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Rotating shaft 42 of scraped excavator …… Rotating plate 43 of scraped excavator …… Scraping cutter

Claims (3)

  1. 　水平な支持面を有するケーソンの下端部に沿って移動自在に係合し、ケーソンの支持面の直下地盤を掘削するケーソン用の掘進装置であって、
    　ケーソンの下端部に係合して走行可能な走行体と、
    　走行体の走行手段と、
    　走行体に搭載した掻出掘削機と、
    　掻出掘削機の回転駆動手段とを具備し、
    　前記掻出掘削機は、鉛直の回転軸を中心に水平方向に向けて放射状に張り出した複数の掻出カッタを具備し、
    　前記走行体の走行と、複数の掻出カッタの回転軸を中心とした回転とによりケーソンの下端部の直下地盤を掘削することを特徴とする、
    　ケーソン用の掘進装置。     A caisson digging device that movably engages along the lower end of a caisson having a horizontal support surface and excavates a direct base plate of the support surface of the caisson,
    A traveling body capable of running by engaging with the lower end of the caisson;
    Traveling means of the traveling body;
    A scraped excavator mounted on the traveling body;
    A rotation driving means of a scraping excavator,
    The scraping excavator comprises a plurality of scraping cutters projecting radially in the horizontal direction around a vertical rotation axis,
    Excavating the direct base plate at the lower end of the caisson by running the running body and rotating around the rotation axis of the plurality of scraping cutters,
    Caisson excavation equipment.
  2. 　請求項１において、前記掻出掘削機は、走行体を縦方向に貫通して軸支した回転軸と、前記回転軸の下端に水平に設けた回転板と、回転板に放射状に配設した複数の掻出カッタとにより構成することを特徴とする、ケーソン用の掘進装置。 2. The scraping excavator according to claim 1, wherein the rotary excavator is provided with a rotating shaft that is vertically supported by a traveling body, a rotating plate that is horizontally provided at a lower end of the rotating shaft, and a radial arrangement on the rotating plate. A caisson excavating device comprising a plurality of scraping cutters.
  3. 　請求項１または請求項２において、回転板に対して掻出カッタを交換可能に構成したことを特徴とする、ケーソン用の掘進装置。 The caisson excavation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scraping cutter is replaceable with respect to the rotating plate.
PCT/JP2009/004049 2009-07-08 2009-08-24 Drilling device WO2011004442A1 (en)

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JP6043006B1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2016-12-14 光洋自動機株式会社 Construction method of underground structure
JP7019183B2 (en) * 2018-06-21 2022-02-15 光洋自動機株式会社 How to build underground structures

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04221125A (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-08-11 Komatsu Ltd Digging apparatus for caisson internal ground
JP2002121744A (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-26 Koyo Autom Mach Co Ltd Excavation device for caisson

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04221125A (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-08-11 Komatsu Ltd Digging apparatus for caisson internal ground
JP2002121744A (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-26 Koyo Autom Mach Co Ltd Excavation device for caisson

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