WO2010126011A1 - 簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置 - Google Patents
簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010126011A1 WO2010126011A1 PCT/JP2010/057389 JP2010057389W WO2010126011A1 WO 2010126011 A1 WO2010126011 A1 WO 2010126011A1 JP 2010057389 W JP2010057389 W JP 2010057389W WO 2010126011 A1 WO2010126011 A1 WO 2010126011A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/558—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using diffusion or migration of antigen or antibody
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
- G01N33/54387—Immunochromatographic test strips
- G01N33/54388—Immunochromatographic test strips based on lateral flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5302—Apparatus specially adapted for immunological test procedures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/558—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using diffusion or migration of antigen or antibody
- G01N33/561—Immunoelectrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/563—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor involving antibody fragments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a simple test kit for clinical tests.
- the present invention relates to a simple membrane assay device using a lateral flow immunoassay.
- pathogen test reagents are sold at general pharmacies, and pathogen test reagents are widely used in hospitals and clinics.
- pathogen testing if the presence or absence of infection is confirmed, treatment can be performed at an early stage, and therefore, the importance of simple test reagents in medical settings is increasing.
- immunoassay utilizing antigen-antibody reaction is generally known as a simple test method, and many lateral flow test reagents are on the market.
- the principle of this test reagent is a method in which a specimen sample containing an object to be detected is horizontally developed on a nitrocellulose membrane, and a complex of a label that specifically binds to the object to be detected is formed on the membrane. is there. By detecting or quantifying the label, the detection target can be detected or quantified.
- this lateral flow immunoassay a detection part in which an antibody that specifically binds to a detection target is immobilized on a membrane strip such as nitrocellulose as a capture substance, and a specific detection target.
- a membrane strip such as nitrocellulose as a capture substance
- a specific detection target Supply a fixed amount of a specimen sample containing a detected substance to a test device having a labeled part containing a label to be bound, and develop it while forming a complex of the detected substance-labeled object. By capturing this complex, the label is detected or quantified.
- an antibody that specifically binds to an object to be detected is labeled with gold particles as a label, but recently, colored latex is used instead of gold particles.
- Measurement systems using particles, fluorescent latex particles, magnetic latex particles, and the like have been established, and the objects to be measured are being further expanded.
- the lateral flow immunoassay method if an antibody can be prepared, a wide range of target pathogenic microorganism antigens can be measured.
- the time required for measurement is 5 to 15 minutes.
- a highly sensitive measurement method is required in a shorter time, and many improved studies are being conducted.
- the label is used in a state where latex particles are labeled as a marker on an antibody that specifically binds to the detection target, and lyophilized or dried in warm air (including natural drying). Since it takes time to release and restore the labeled body, and the labeled body may stay without being developed, there is a problem in performing rapid and sensitive detection.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a labeled body is quickly restored and developed in a specimen sample by using a surfactant, and a saccharide is contained in the latex particles in the drying process. It discloses that self-aggregation is suppressed.
- a simple membrane assay device using a lateral flow immunoassay that can detect a component to be detected with high sensitivity, with a substrate having a higher tensile strength than glass fiber and a good release of the labeled body as a labeled body drying pad I will provide a.
- a detection unit having a support plate, a sample supply unit, a labeled body unit including a labeling component for labeling the detection target, and a capture substance for detecting or quantifying the detection target
- a simple membrane assay device characterized in that a non-woven fabric containing a development part formed with a absorbent part and a fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m is used for the marker part.
- the fiber may be a synthetic fiber.
- the nonwoven fabric may be a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of the fibers are bonded to each other.
- the non-woven fabric may be a non-woven fabric formed of split fibers obtained by splitting split fiber type composite fibers in which a plurality of fiber components are bonded to each other.
- the split fiber type composite fiber has a structure in which a plurality of second fiber components having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m are arranged on the outer periphery of a cross section of the first fiber component having a fiber diameter of 6 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. You may have.
- the labeling component may be labeled with any of gold colloid particles, platinum colloid particles, latex particles, magnetic particles, and enzymes.
- the labeling component and the capture substance may be an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment that binds to the detection target.
- the detected object may be a microorganism, a biological substance that is a clinical marker, an agrochemical, an environmental hormone, or a degradation product thereof.
- the detected object may be detected or quantified by a lateral flow type membrane assay.
- the simple membrane assay apparatus may further include a verification unit for verifying that the labeling component has been released to the development unit.
- a plurality of types of the labeling component and the capture substance may be used in order to detect a plurality of types of the objects to be detected.
- the composite fiber refers to a fiber in which a plurality of fiber components continuous in the length direction of the fiber are bonded to each other as long as it includes two or more kinds of fiber components of different materials.
- the split fiber type composite fiber means a composite fiber having a structure in which each fiber component constituting the composite fiber can be divided.
- split fiber processing consists of split fiber type composite fiber by a method that matches the method of bonding fiber components such as applying high-pressure water flow to split fiber type composite fiber, applying heat, or immersing in solvent. It is said that each fiber component is divided, and each divided fiber component is called split fiber.
- a lateral flow immunoassay method that can detect a component to be detected with high sensitivity and has a substrate having a tensile strength stronger than glass fiber and a good release of the labeled body as a labeled body drying pad is used.
- a simple membrane assay device was provided.
- Schematic diagram of a simple membrane assay device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of split fiber type composite fiber 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- glass fiber or non-woven fabric is generally used for the marker dry pad, but when the glass fiber is processed into a sheet, the marker is released, but the tensile strength is low and the manufacturing process is low. There was a drawback of being restricted. In addition, when synthetic fibers are used, there is a drawback that the tensile strength is high, but the release of the label is poor. A method for overcoming these drawbacks has been intensively studied.
- the marker dry pad of the marker part according to the present invention is formed of a nonwoven fabric having a high tensile strength and in which a plurality of ultrafine fiber components are bonded to each other.
- a method of forming a nonwoven fabric of ultrafine fibers a method of forming a split fiber type composite fiber by splitting, a melt blow method, a method of forming a web by a direct spinning method to form a nonwoven fabric, a sea island structure fiber There are a method of dissolving the sea part and forming a nonwoven fabric on the island part, laser stretching, electrospinning and the like.
- the labeled body dry pad of the labeled body portion according to the present invention may be any manufacturing method as long as it is a nonwoven fabric mainly containing ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and is not limited thereto. It is not something.
- a lateral flow immunoassay method uses a simple membrane assay device including a membrane to which a capture substance for capturing a target is bound, and a simple membrane assay for a target in a specimen sample. It is.
- the simple membrane assay device is characterized in that the presence of an object to be detected in a specimen sample is detected or quantified using a non-woven fabric made of ultrafine fibers as a base material constituting a labeled body portion.
- the lateral flow immunoassay is a method in which a solution containing a detection object is spread horizontally on a membrane coated with a capture reagent or a detection substance that specifically binds to the detection object.
- a complex of a capture substance that specifically binds to the detected substance, a detected substance, and a labeled substance that specifically binds to the detected object is formed on the membrane, and the detected or detected substance is detected.
- This is a method for detecting or quantifying an object.
- a detection target, a capture substance, and a label are reacted to form a sandwich-like complex having a structure of capture substance-detection target-label on the membrane, and the label is detected.
- This is a method for detecting the presence of this complex. In this method, the presence or absence of an object to be detected in a specimen sample can be easily examined in a short time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simple membrane assay apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the top of FIG. 1 is a top view and the bottom is a cross-sectional view.
- a detection unit 120 for example, a detection unit 120, a nitrocellulose membrane 140 formed with a control line 130, an absorption pad 150 formed with filter paper, and a label are dried on a plastic plate 110 as a support substrate.
- the label drying pad 160 to be held and the sample supply pad 170 installed to supply the prepared specimen sample are laminated.
- One end region of the absorbent pad 150 and one end region of the nitrocellulose membrane 140, the other end region of the nitrocellulose membrane 140 and one end region of the marker dry pad 160, and the marker dry pad 160 are overlapped, thereby forming a continuous lateral flow channel.
- the simple membrane assay device 100 may have a well-known configuration of the assay device except that a non-woven fabric (extra-fine fiber non-woven fabric) mainly containing ultra-fine fibers is used as the labeled body drying pad 160.
- a non-woven fabric extra-fine fiber non-woven fabric mainly containing ultra-fine fibers
- the composite fiber refers to a fiber in which a plurality of fiber components continuous in the length direction of each fiber are bonded to each other on the side surface, and includes two or more fiber components of different materials.
- the split fiber type composite fiber means a composite fiber having a structure in which each fiber component constituting the composite fiber can be divided.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the structure of the split-fiber type composite fiber 200.
- the split fiber composite fiber 200 includes, for example, a core fiber component 201 and an ultrafine split fiber component 202.
- the split fiber type composite fiber 200 has, for example, a structure in which a plurality of ultrafine split fiber components 202 having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m are arranged on the outer periphery of a cross section of a core fiber component 201 having a fiber diameter of 6 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. What has is preferable.
- split fiber type composite fiber 200 a structure in which a plurality of ultrafine fiber components 202 are arranged on the outer periphery of the cross section of the core fiber component 201 is illustrated, but two fiber components having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m are illustrated. May be a split fiber having a two-layered parallel structure in which two fiber components having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m are alternately laminated, or the like.
- each fiber As a material constituting each fiber according to the present embodiment, synthetic fibers such as nylon, vinylon, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, and polyester can be used from the viewpoint of strength.
- synthetic fibers such as nylon, vinylon, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, and polyester
- the core fiber component 201 is made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene resin
- the ultrafine split fiber component 202 is made of a polyester resin is a preferred example.
- the efficiency of releasing the marker from the marker dry pad 160 is improved.
- the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric according to this embodiment is manufactured by, for example, a spunbond method, which is a manufacturing method for obtaining a long fiber nonwoven fabric. Since the fiber length of the fiber produced by the spunbond method is long, the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric mainly including such a long fiber is sufficiently required for the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric for a marker dry pad according to the present embodiment. High tensile strength can be provided.
- the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric for a marker dry pad according to the present embodiment may be manufactured using a melt blow method or the like as long as it mainly includes an ultrafine split fiber component having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. .
- split-type composite fiber 200 When the split-type composite fiber 200 is manufactured, for example, a water splitting method (spun lace method) in which a high-pressure water flow is applied to the split-type composite fiber, a method of applying heat, a method of bonding between fiber components, such as a method of immersing in a solvent.
- the splitting process is performed to divide each fiber component constituting the split-type composite fiber by a method according to the above, a needle punch method, or the like.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the composite fiber 250 after the split fiber treatment.
- the fiber is split into a core split fiber 201 having a fiber diameter of 6 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and an ultrafine split fiber 202 having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and the respective fibers are dissociated.
- the dissociated core split fiber 201 and the ultrafine split fiber 202 are entangled densely to form a nonwoven fabric.
- an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric mainly composed of ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m made of split fiber type composite fibers is used as a marker dry pad. Even if the nonwoven fabric is manufactured by a method other than fiber, it can be used as a marker dry pad as long as it is an ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric mainly containing ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the detection target according to the present embodiment is not limited at all, and may be any substance capable of antigen-antibody reaction with an antibody such as various pathogens and various clinical markers.
- virus antigens such as influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus, HAV, HBs, HIV, norovirus, rotavirus, bacterial antigens such as MRSA, group A streptococci, group B streptococci and legionella, bacteria, etc.
- Toxins Mycoplasma, Chlamydia trachomatis, hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, C-reactive protein, myoglobin, cardiac troponin, various tumor markers, agricultural chemicals, environmental hormones, and the like can be exemplified.
- pathogenic microorganisms or substances such as proteins derived from the pathogenic microorganisms or antibodies against them as the detection target, such as influenza virus, RS virus, adenovirus, group A streptococcus, pneumonia mycoplasma, rotavirus and norovirus
- influenza virus RS virus
- adenovirus adenovirus
- group A streptococcus adenovirus
- pneumonia mycoplasma rotavirus
- norovirus norovirus
- the detected substance may be an antigen capable of inducing an immune reaction alone, or a hapten capable of binding an antibody by an antigen-antibody reaction although it cannot induce an immune reaction alone.
- the capture substance according to this embodiment may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody as long as it is an antibody that undergoes an antigen-antibody reaction with a target to be immunoassayed.
- an antigen-binding fragment of the antibody may be bound to a label instead of or together with the antibody.
- An antigen-binding fragment is an antibody fragment capable of antigen-antibody reaction with a corresponding antigen, such as an antibody Fab or F (ab ′) 2 fragment.
- these antigen-binding fragments can be obtained by treating an antibody with a proteolytic enzyme such as papain or pepsin and purifying it.
- an antibody produced by genetic engineering or an antigen-binding fragment thereof can be used.
- Examples of the label according to the present embodiment include gold colloid particles, platinum colloid particles, colored latex particles, magnetic particles, fluorescent particles, and enzymes.
- the labeled body according to the present embodiment is bound with an antibody that reacts with an object to be detected as an antigen and / or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
- the label can be bound to the detection object via the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment.
- the binding property that is, the site of the analyte to which the antibody or antigen-binding fragment binds (recognizes) is prevented, so that the binding site between the capture substance and the label is prevented from competing, and the detection efficiency of the analyte is improved. Decreasing can be avoided.
- the manufacturing method of the marker dry pad which concerns on this embodiment is demonstrated.
- the marker In the process of drying the marker, the marker is dried while attached to the fibers of the member used as the marker drying pad.
- a solution containing a predetermined amount of the labeled body is soaked into the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric for a labeled body drying pad according to this embodiment by a method such as coating, spraying or dipping. Then, it dries by warm air drying or natural drying.
- the surface area of the fiber per unit length is larger than that of the fiber having a fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m. Become. Thereby, the marker is uniformly dried in a more dispersed state throughout the nonwoven fabric. Moreover, in the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric according to the present embodiment mainly including ultrafine fibers, the flow of the sample liquid due to the capillary phenomenon is promoted.
- a specimen sample in which a specimen is suspended / extracted in a specimen suspension / extraction buffer is prepared.
- the specimen sample can be prepared using a known technique corresponding to the object to be detected.
- a label dry pad 160 in which an antibody that reacts with a detected substance with an antigen antibody is labeled with a label, and further captures an antibody that reacts with the detected object with an antigen antibody.
- the detection unit 120 that is solid-phased as a substance, a substance that can bind the label to a position downstream of the position where the capture substance is bonded, for example, a substance having a reactivity equivalent to that of the detection object or
- the analyte sample is supplied to a sample supply pad 170 of an assay device including a control line 130 on which an antibody that binds to a label is solid-phased.
- the specimen sample containing the detection object develops the label while moving on the membrane in the horizontal direction by capillary action, so that if the detection object exists, a complex of the detection object and the label is formed. Further, when the detection part 120 is reached, a complex of the capturing substance-detected object-labeled body is formed on the line. The presence of the complex is detected by the label in the complex, and as a result, the presence or absence of an object to be detected in the specimen sample is determined. In addition, it is possible to confirm for each test that the labeling body is released from the labeling body drying pad and flows on the membrane to which the capture substance is bound by the control line 130 serving as a verification unit.
- the detection unit 120 performs an antibody-antigen-binding fragment of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof capable of antigen-antibody reaction with a substance to be detected and capable of binding to the detection object simultaneously with the antibody on the label or the antigen-binding fragment thereof. This is a region solidified in a line. Other components that are not involved in the reaction are absorbed by the absorbent pad 150.
- the simple membrane assay device according to the present invention of the present embodiment uses a microfiber non-woven fabric for the labeled body drying pad, thereby providing a sufficient tensile strength required for the labeled body drying pad and a capillary phenomenon.
- the release efficiency at the time of restoration of the dried label is improved, and the detection target can be measured quickly and with high sensitivity.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simple membrane assay device 300 according to the second embodiment.
- the simple membrane assay device 300 includes a detection unit A321 and a detection unit B323. Moreover, it has the control line 330 corresponding to the change to the detection part A321 and the detection part B323, and the marker dry pad 360.
- the number of detection units is not limited to two.
- an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment having a different detection target is solid-phased in a line shape as a capture substance.
- the detection of a plurality of types of objects can be detected and identified by the position of each detection unit on the nitrocellulose membrane which is the development unit.
- easy identification can be performed by changing the color of each label or the fluorescent substance.
- the marker dry pad 360 is soaked with the two types of markers produced in this manner in the ultrafine fiber nonwoven fabric mainly including the ultrafine fibers having the fiber diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m described in the first embodiment. Dry.
- the labeled body drying pad 360 according to the present embodiment mainly containing extra fine fibers is more uniformly dried than the conventional labeled body drying pad in a state where the labeled body is dispersed throughout the nonwoven fabric. Flow is promoted.
- the labeled body drying pad Accordingly, in the labeled body drying pad according to the present embodiment, release at the time of restoration of the dried labeled body is promoted, the supply amount of components involved in the reaction to the measurement system is improved, and the reaction is efficiently performed. Progresses. For this reason, by using two or more kinds of labeled bodies, even when a predetermined amount per one type of labeled body to be soaked is reduced, a lateral flow type immunoassay reagent is used to quickly and highly sensitively detect an object to be detected. Can be measured.
- control line 330 the above-described two types of labeled bodies and antibodies or antigen-binding fragments can be immobilized in a line. Thereby, it can be confirmed for each test that the label is released from the label dry pad and flows on the membrane to which the capture substance is bound.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the nonwoven fabrics used in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- Comparative Example 1 had a low tensile strength and was not suitable for use in manufacturing equipment. Since Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3 are nonwoven fabrics made of synthetic fibers, they were strong and could be used in manufacturing equipment.
- Example 1 had the highest release rate
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 had the same release rate
- Comparative Example 3 had the lowest release rate. It was confirmed that the release efficiency of the labeled body from Example 1 was high.
- a simple membrane assay apparatus having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 4 was used.
- An anti-influenza A virus antibody and an anti-influenza B virus antibody were linearly applied to a strip-shaped member obtained by backing the nitrocellulose membrane 140 with a plastic plate 110 and dried well under warm air.
- An absorbent pad 150 was placed on top of this.
- a marker dry pad 360 was placed over the lower end of the nitrocellulose membrane 140, and a sample supply pad 170 for feeding the specimen was placed over the pad.
- a test sheet was prepared by cutting a plastic sheet covering the other part of the sample pad so that a part of the sample pad was exposed to a predetermined width.
- influenza A virus and influenza B virus were used.
- the specimen was used as a specimen by performing 2-fold serial dilution using a predetermined buffer for specimen suspension and extraction.
- the test device was placed horizontally, 50 ⁇ L of the specimen sample and a negative control sample consisting only of a predetermined buffer for extraction were supplied to the sample supply pad 170, and the label was developed. The determination was made by visually observing the presence or absence of a colored line in the detection part after 8 minutes. With coloring line: Positive (+) No coloring line: Negative (-)
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were the same as the nonwoven fabrics used in the above test, and the test was performed using the marker dry pad 360.
- Example 3 The detection results of influenza virus antigens are shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 the determination of influenza A virus was positive until 1: 3200, and the detection sensitivity was higher than the determination of type A in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the determination of influenza B virus in Example 1 was positive up to 1: 1600, and the sensitivity was higher than the determination of type B in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the negative control sample showed negative in all Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Example 1 detects a smaller amount of virus in influenza A virus than in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Also in the influenza B virus, Example 1 detects a smaller amount of virus than Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the result of the detection sensitivity test reflects the measurement result of the release rate of the labeled body, and the detection sensitivity increases as the release rate of the labeled body increases.
- the release efficiency of the labeled body from the labeled dry pad is improved, and influenza A and B viruses can be detected with high sensitivity.
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Abstract
Description
110 プラスチック板
120 検出部
130 コントロールライン
140 ニトロセルロースメンブレン
150 吸収パッド
160 標識体乾燥パッド
170 サンプル供給パッド
200 割繊型複合繊維
201 コア繊維成分
202 極細割繊繊維成分
250 割繊処理した割繊型複合繊維
300 実施形態2に係る簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置
321 検出部A
323 検出部B
330 コントロールライン
360 標識体乾燥パッド
本発明の実施形態に係るラテラルフロー免疫測定法は、被検出物を捕捉するための捕捉物質が結合したメンブレンを備えた簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置を用いる、検体試料中の被検出物の簡易メンブレンアッセイ法である。本実施形態に係る簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置は、標識体部を構成する基材として、極細繊維からなる不織布を用いて、検体試料中の被検出物の存在を検出あるいは定量することを特徴とする。
本実施形態に係る標識体乾燥パッドに用いる極細繊維不織布の詳細について以下に説明する。本実施形態に係る標識体乾燥パッド用極細繊維不織布の製造方法を、割繊型複合繊維のウエブを割繊処理する方法を例に説明する。
ここで、本実施形態に係る被検出物としては何ら限定されるものではなく、各種病原体、各種臨床マーカー等、抗体と抗原抗体反応することが可能ないかなる物質であってもよい。具体例として、インフルエンザウイルス、アデノウイルス、RSウイルス、HAV、HBs、HIV、ノロウイルス、ロタウイルス等のウイルス抗原、MRSA、A群溶連菌、B群溶連菌、レジオネラ属菌等の細菌抗原、細菌等が産生する毒素、マイコプラズマ、クラミジア・トラコマティス、ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン等のホルモン、C反応タンパク質、ミオグロビン、心筋トロポニン、各種腫瘍マーカー、農薬、環境ホルモン等を例示することができる。
本実施形態に係る捕捉物質は、免疫測定する被検出物と抗原抗体反応する抗体であれば、ポリクローナル抗体であってもモノクローナル抗体であってもよい。
本実施形態に係る標識体としては、金コロイド粒子、白金コロイド粒子、着色ラテックス粒子、磁性粒子、蛍光発光性粒子、酵素等が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係る標識体乾燥パッドの製造方法について説明する。標識体が乾燥する過程において、標識体は、標識体乾燥パッドとして用いられる部材の繊維に付着した状態で乾燥する。所定量の標識体を含む溶液を本実施形態に係る標識体乾燥パッド用極細繊維不織布に塗布、スプレーまたは浸漬等の方法により染み込ませる。その後、温風乾燥や自然乾燥等により乾燥化する。
次に本実施形態の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置を用いた免疫測定法について説明する。まず検体を検体浮遊/抽出用緩衝液に浮遊/抽出させた検体試料を調製する。検体試料は、被検出物に応じた公知技術を用いて調製することができる。
実施形態2は、検出部120に替えて、2つの検出部を設ける点で実施形態1と異なる。図4は、実施形態2に係る簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置300の模式図である。簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置300は、検出部A321及び検出部B323を有する。また、検出部A321及び検出部B323への変更に対応したコントロールライン330及び標識体乾燥パッド360を有する。以下、2つの検出部を設ける例について述べるが、検出部は2つに限定されるものではない。
実施例1、比較例1~3について、以下の通り、ラテックス粒子を標識した標識体パッドの放出性を評価した。
検出用の抗体として抗A型インフルエンザウイルス抗体および、抗B型インフルエンザウイルス抗体を用いた。標識体としてラテックスを用い、ラテックスに抗インフルエンザウイルス抗体を共有結合させラテックス浮遊液を調製した。調製したラテックス浮遊液を上述の各種繊維複合体に塗布し、乾燥させて、標識体乾燥パッドを作製した。
上記の方法で作製した標識体乾燥パッドを所定の緩衝液に浸し、撹拌することでラテックス粒子を溶出させた。この溶出液の吸光度(A)を測定するとともに、パッドに塗布した量と同量の標識体を所定の緩衝液に添加した液を対照液として、この試料の吸光度(B)も測定した。これらの結果から以下のようにパッドからの標識体の放出率を求めた。
放出率(%)=吸光度A/吸光度B×100
(1.検査デバイスの作製)
簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置は図4に示すものと同様の構成のものを用いた。ニトロセルロースメンブレン140をプラスチック板110でバッキングした短冊状の部材に、抗A型インフルエンザウイルス抗体および、抗B型インフルエンザウイルス抗体を線状に塗布し、温風下でよく乾燥させた。これの上端に重ねて吸収パッド150を設置した。さらにニトロセルロースメンブレン140の下端に重ねて標識体乾燥パッド360を設置し、これに重ねて検体を供給するサンプル供給パッド170を設けた。これにプラスチックシートでサンプルパッドの一部が露出するように他の部分を覆ったものを所定の幅に裁断して、検査デバイスを作製した。
検体として、A型インフルエンザウイルス及びB型インフルエンザウイルスを用いた。検体は検体浮遊、抽出用の所定の緩衝液を用いて、2倍段階希釈を行い試料とした。次に検査デバイスを水平に置き、検体試料並びに、抽出用の所定の緩衝液のみからなる陰性対照試料をサンプル供給パッド170に50μL供給し、標識体を展開させた。判定は8分後に検出部の着色ラインの有無を目視にて観察して行った。
着色ライン有り:陽性(+)
着色ライン無し:陰性(-)
インフルエンザウイルス抗原の検出結果を表3に示す。実施例1においてA型インフルエンザウイルスの判定は1:3200まで陽性を示し、比較例1から比較例3のA型の判定に比べ、検出感度が高かった。また、実施例1においてB型インフルエンザウイルスの判定は1:1600まで陽性を示し、比較例1から比較例3のB型の判定に比べ、感度が高かった。なお、陰性対照試料は全ての実施例、比較例において陰性を示した。
Claims (11)
- 支持板と、
試料供給部と、
被検出物を標識する標識成分を含む標識体部と、
前記被検出物を検出または定量するための捕捉物質を有する検出部が形成された展開部と、
吸収部とを有し、
繊維径が0.05~10μmの繊維を含む不織布を前記標識体部に用いることを特徴とする簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。 - 前記繊維が、合成繊維であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記不織布は、複数の前記繊維が互いに接着した不織布であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記不織布が、複数の繊維成分が互いに接着されてなる割繊型複合繊維を割繊処理した割繊繊維により形成された不織布であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記割繊型複合繊維が、繊維径が6μmから20μmである第1の繊維成分の断面外周に繊維径が1μmから10μmである第2の繊維成分を複数配置した構造を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記標識成分が金コロイド粒子、白金コロイド粒子、ラテックス粒子、磁性粒子、酵素の何れかにより標識されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のアッセイ装置。
- 前記標識成分および前記捕捉物質は、前記被検出物と結合する抗体または抗原結合性断片であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記被検出物が、微生物、臨床マーカーである生体由来物質、農薬、環境ホルモンまたは、それらの分解物であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記被検出物をラテラルフロー方式メンブレンアッセイ法で検出または定量することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 前記展開部に前記標識成分が放出されたことを検証するための検証部をさらに有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
- 複数の種類の前記被検出物を検出するために、前記標識成分及び前記捕捉物質をそれぞれ複数の種類用いることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の簡易メンブレンアッセイ装置。
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