WO2010101177A1 - 非水電解液電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010101177A1 WO2010101177A1 PCT/JP2010/053425 JP2010053425W WO2010101177A1 WO 2010101177 A1 WO2010101177 A1 WO 2010101177A1 JP 2010053425 W JP2010053425 W JP 2010053425W WO 2010101177 A1 WO2010101177 A1 WO 2010101177A1
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- aqueous electrolyte
- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- lithium
- battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising: a non-aqueous electrolyte infiltrating the battery; a flame retardant added to the non-aqueous electrolyte; and a battery container containing the electrode group, the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the flame retardant About.
- lithium secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices such as VTR cameras, notebook computers, and mobile phones.
- EV electric vehicles
- HEV hybrid vehicles
- a lithium secondary battery includes a strip-like positive electrode plate in which a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are respectively applied to a metal foil, and a winding group wound so that the negative electrode plate is not in direct contact via a separator. The wound group is infiltrated with the electrolytic solution and hermetically accommodated in the battery container.
- cobalt-based positive electrode active materials such as lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) are often used. From the viewpoints of cost and safety, lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 ) Lithium secondary batteries using manganese-based positive electrode active materials such as 4 ) are being studied.
- lithium secondary batteries such as in-vehicle power sources for electric vehicles require batteries with high output and high capacity.
- non-aqueous solutions using flammable organic solvents as electrolytes are required.
- An electrolyte type sealed lithium secondary battery is used.
- a lithium secondary battery when the battery is abnormal when exposed to an abnormally high temperature environment or when an overcharged state is reached due to a failure of the charging device, the nonaqueous electrolyte is decomposed due to a temperature rise. Vaporization may occur and the battery internal pressure may increase, leading to damage to the battery container.
- a lithium secondary battery employs a current interrupt mechanism (a kind of disconnect switch) that operates in response to an increase in battery internal pressure and an internal pressure release mechanism (safety valve) that releases internal pressure.
- the manganese-based positive electrode active material has a problem that the capacity of the negative electrode is reduced due to the elution of manganese ions in the positive electrode active material.
- a phosphazene-based flame retardant is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte, the manganese ion elution amount is further increased.
- battery performance has increased, in other words, life has decreased.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a manganese-based nonaqueous electrolyte battery having a long life while improving safety in the event of battery abnormality.
- the present invention provides an electrode in which a positive electrode plate using a spinel-based lithium manganese complex oxide as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate using a carbon material as a negative electrode active material are arranged via a separator.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte in which lithium tetrafluoroborate is added as an electrolyte to an organic solvent and infiltrate the electrode group, and a phosphazene-based flame retardant added at a ratio of 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte
- a battery container containing the electrode group, the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the flame retardant.
- the phosphazene-based flame retardant is contained in an amount of 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte, it is possible to suppress ignition and the like when the battery is abnormal and improve safety. Since lithium fluoroborate is added, the elution of manganese ions is suppressed and long-life non-aqueous electrolyte batteries can be used in combination with lithium manganese complex oxide as the positive electrode active material and phosphazene flame retardant Can be provided.
- the lithium manganese complex oxide may be a spinel type lithium manganese complex oxide in which a part of the manganese site is substituted with at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Further, it is desirable that the non-aqueous electrolyte is added with 0.8 mol / liter or more of lithium tetrafluoroborate.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain 1.0 mol / liter or less of lithium tetrafluoroborate.
- the phosphazene flame retardant can be added at a ratio of 12% by weight or less with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium manganese complex oxide can be represented by the chemical formula LiMn 2 ⁇ x M x O 4 (M is at least one of Al, Mg, Li, Co, and Ni).
- the substitution ratio x of the manganese site of the lithium manganese complex oxide may be 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1.
- the carbon material can be amorphous carbon or graphite.
- the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate may be wound via a separator.
- the positive electrode plate may include a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material applied to both sides of the current collector
- the negative electrode plate may include a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material applied to both sides of the current collector. .
- the phosphazene-based flame retardant is contained in an amount of 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte, it is possible to suppress ignition and the like when the battery is abnormal and improve safety, Lithium tetrafluoroborate is added as a non-aqueous electrolysis that suppresses the elution of manganese ions and suppresses the elution of manganese ions even when a lithium manganese complex oxide as a positive electrode active material and a phosphazene flame retardant are used in combination. The effect that a liquid battery can be provided can be obtained.
- a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery 20 of the present embodiment includes a nickel-plated steel bottomed cylindrical battery container 7 and a polypropylene hollow cylindrical shaft core 1.
- a strip-like positive and negative electrode plate has an electrode group 6 wound in a spiral shape through a separator W5.
- an aluminum positive electrode current collection ring 4 for collecting the electric potential from the positive electrode plate is disposed on an almost extension line of the shaft core 1.
- the positive electrode current collecting ring 4 is fixed to the upper end portion of the shaft core 1.
- the edge part of the positive electrode lead piece 2 led out from the positive electrode plate is joined by ultrasonic welding to the peripheral edge of the flange part integrally protruding from the periphery of the positive electrode current collecting ring 4.
- a disc-shaped battery lid 11 is provided that incorporates a safety valve and serves as a positive electrode external terminal.
- One end of two positive electrode lead plates formed by stacking a plurality of aluminum ribbons is fixed to the upper portion of the positive electrode current collecting ring 4, and another one is fixed to the lower surface of the battery lid 11. One end is welded. The other ends of the two positive electrode lead plates are joined by welding.
- a negative electrode current collector ring 5 made of copper for collecting electric potential from the negative electrode plate is disposed below the electrode group 6.
- the outer peripheral surface of the lower end portion of the shaft core 1 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the negative electrode current collecting ring 5.
- the end of the negative electrode lead piece 3 led out from the negative electrode plate is joined to the outer peripheral edge of the negative electrode current collecting ring 5 by welding.
- a copper negative electrode lead plate for electrical conduction is welded to the lower part of the negative electrode current collecting ring 5, and the negative electrode lead plate is joined to the inner bottom portion of the battery container 7 by welding.
- the battery container 7 has an outer diameter of 40 mm and an inner diameter of 39 mm.
- the battery lid 11 is caulked and fixed to the upper part of the battery container 7 via an insulating and heat resistant EPDM resin gasket 10. For this reason, the positive electrode lead plate is accommodated in the battery container 7 so as to be folded, and the lithium ion secondary battery 20 is sealed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 20 is given a function as a battery by performing initial charging at a predetermined voltage and current.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte Further, a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is injected into the battery container 7.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) as a lithium salt (electrolyte) in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 2: 3. 0.8 mol / liter (0.8M) or more is added.
- LiBF 4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- a phosphazene derivative mainly composed of phosphorus and nitrogen that is, a phosphazene-based flame retardant is added as a flame retardant in a proportion of 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the phosphazene derivative is a cyclic compound represented by the general formula (NPR 2 ) 3 or (NPR 2 ) 4 .
- R in the general formula represents a halogen element such as fluorine or chlorine or a monovalent substituent.
- Monovalent substituents include alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy groups, aryloxy groups such as phenoxy and methylphenoxy groups, alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl groups, aryl groups such as phenyl and tolyl groups, An amino group containing a substituted amino group such as a methylamino group, an alkylthio group such as a methylthio group or an ethylthio group, and an arylthio group such as a phenylthio group can be given.
- Such a phosphazene derivative is decomposed in a high temperature environment such as when the battery is abnormal and exhibits an action and fire extinguishing action to prevent pre-ignition.
- the electrode group 6 is wound around the shaft core 1 through a polyethylene separator W5 having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m and capable of passing lithium ions so that the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are not in direct contact with each other. Yes.
- the positive electrode lead piece 2 and the negative electrode lead piece 3 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the electrode group 6.
- the diameter of the electrode group 6 is set to 38 ⁇ 0.5 mm by adjusting the lengths of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the separator W5.
- Insulation coating is applied to prevent electrical contact between the wound group 6 and the battery case 7.
- an adhesive tape in which a hexamethacrylate adhesive is applied to one side of a polyimide base material is used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is wound one or more times from the peripheral surface of the buttock to the outer peripheral surface of the electrode group 6.
- the number of turns is adjusted so that the maximum diameter portion of the electrode group 6 becomes an insulating coating existing portion, and the maximum diameter is set slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the battery container 7.
- the positive electrode plate constituting the electrode group 6 has an aluminum foil W1 having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector.
- lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) powder having a spinel crystal structure as a positive electrode active material or a part of manganese sites (Mn sites) in the crystal is aluminum (Al).
- the thickness of the applied positive electrode mixture layer W2 is substantially uniform, and the positive electrode mixture is substantially uniformly dispersed in the positive electrode mixture layer W2.
- the positive electrode mixture includes, for example, 8 parts by mass of flake graphite and 2 parts by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as binder). , And abbreviated as PVDF).
- NMP dispersion solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- an uncoated portion of a positive electrode mixture having a width of 30 mm is formed on one side along the longitudinal direction of the aluminum foil.
- the uncoated part is cut out in a comb shape, and the positive electrode lead piece 2 is formed in the notch remaining part.
- the interval between the adjacent positive electrode lead pieces 2 is set to 20 mm, and the width of the positive electrode lead piece 2 is set to 5 mm.
- the positive electrode plate is pressed after drying and cut into a width of 80 mm.
- the negative electrode plate has a rolled copper foil W3 having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m as a current collector.
- a negative electrode mixture containing carbon powder capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions as a negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the rolled copper foil W3 substantially uniformly and uniformly. That is, the thickness of the applied negative electrode mixture layer W4 is substantially uniform, and the negative electrode mixture is substantially uniformly dispersed in the negative electrode mixture layer W4.
- the negative electrode active material amorphous carbon powder, graphite, or a mixture thereof is used. For example, 10 parts by weight of PVDF as a binder is blended with 90 parts by weight of carbon powder in the negative electrode mixture.
- An uncoated portion of a negative electrode mixture having a width of 30 mm is formed on one side along the longitudinal direction of the rolled copper foil W3, and a negative electrode lead piece 3 is formed.
- the interval between the adjacent negative electrode lead pieces 3 is set to 20 mm, and the width of the negative electrode lead piece 3 is set to 5 mm.
- the negative electrode plate is pressed after drying and cut into a width of 86 mm.
- the length of the negative electrode plate is such that when the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are wound, the positive electrode plate does not protrude from the negative electrode plate in the winding direction at the innermost winding and outermost winding. 120 mm longer than the length.
- the width of the negative electrode mixture application part is set to be 6 mm longer than the width of the positive electrode mixture application part so that the positive electrode mixture application part does not protrude from the negative electrode mixture application part in the winding direction and the vertical direction. Yes.
- a phosphazene flame retardant is added.
- This phosphazene flame retardant decomposes under a high temperature environment such as when the battery is abnormal, and exhibits an action and fire extinguishing action to prevent pre-ignition.
- the phosphazene flame retardant imparts flame retardancy or self-extinguishing properties to the non-aqueous electrolyte. Accordingly, the battery is extinguished even when the non-aqueous electrolyte is ignited when the battery is abnormal such as in an overcharged state or when exposed to an abnormally high temperature environment, so that the safety of the battery can be improved.
- the phosphazene flame retardant is added by 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte. If the amount of the phosphazene-based flame retardant added is too small, it may not be possible to extinguish even if the battery is ignited. On the other hand, if the amount of the phosphazene-based flame retardant added is too large, ion conduction is hindered during normal charge / discharge, and the battery performance such as capacity and output is reduced. In other words, increasing the amount of the phosphazene flame retardant added is advantageous in terms of flame retardancy but disadvantageous in terms of battery performance. For this reason, it is preferable to add a phosphazene-based flame retardant as much as possible in an amount of 10% by weight or more with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiBF 4 is added to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution as an electrolyte in an amount of 0.8M or more.
- manganese-based positive electrode active materials such as lithium manganese complex oxide have a problem that manganese ions from the positive electrode mixture layer W2 are eluted.
- a manganese-based positive electrode active material and a phosphazene-based flame retardant are used in combination, there is a problem that the elution of manganese ions further increases.
- the elution amount of manganese ions increases, the proportion of lithium ions that can be doped / undoped on the positive electrode side decreases, the irreversible capacity increases, and the battery capacity decreases.
- the eluted manganese ions may precipitate on the negative electrode side to form dendrites and cause a micro short circuit.
- 0.8M or more of LiBF 4 that limits manganese elution as an electrolyte is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte, elution of manganese ions can be suppressed. Therefore, battery performance such as capacity and output can be maintained, and as a result, the life can be extended.
- a part of the Mn site of lithium manganate having a spinel crystal structure is at least one of Al, Mg, Li, Co, and Ni.
- Spinel type lithium manganese complex oxide substituted with more than one kind is used. For this reason, since the crystal structure can be further strengthened, elution of manganese ions can be further suppressed than when lithium manganate is used as the positive electrode active material.
- a mixed solvent in which EC and DMC are mixed at a volume ratio of 2: 3 is exemplified as the organic solvent of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, but the present invention is limited to this. It is not a thing.
- organic solvents examples include diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 1, Examples thereof include 3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, diethyl ether, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like.
- these organic solvents may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types of mixed solvents. Further, the mixing ratio of these organic solvents is not limited.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 20 of the present embodiment as a positive electrode mixture, 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, 8 parts by mass of flaky graphite as a conductive material, 2 parts by mass of acetylene black, and a binder
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Another conductive material usually used for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries may be used, or a conductive material may not be used.
- other binders may be used.
- binders examples include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, polysulfide rubber, nitrocellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, and various latexes. And polymers such as acrylonitrile, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, propylene fluoride, chloroprene fluoride, and mixtures thereof. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the blending ratio of each material may be changed. Further, the type, shape, crystal structure and the like of the negative electrode active material are not particularly limited.
- the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery 20 is exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a battery that uses a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode group 6 which wound the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate was illustrated, this invention is not limited to this, For example, the electrode which laminated
- the battery to which the present invention can be applied may be other than a battery having a structure in which the battery lid 11 is caulked and sealed to the battery container 7 described above.
- a battery in a state where positive and negative external terminals penetrate through the battery lid and are pressed through the shaft core in the battery container can be mentioned.
- lithium ion secondary battery 20 manufactured according to the above embodiment will be described. In addition, it describes together about the lithium ion secondary battery of the comparative example produced for the comparison.
- Example 1 the lithium ion secondary battery 20 was produced using spinel-based LiMn 2 O 4 as the positive electrode active material.
- Example 2 to Example 6 As shown in Table 1 below, in Examples 2 to 6, except that the positive electrode active material in which the Mn site of the spinel-based LiMn 2 O 4 was replaced with Al, Mg, Li, Co, and Ni by 5% was used.
- the positive electrode active materials are lithium manganese aluminum complex oxide (LiMn 1.9 Al 0.1 O 4 ) in Example 2, and lithium manganese magnesium complex oxide (LiMn 1.9 Mg 0.1 in Example 3).
- O 4 in Example 4, lithium manganese lithium double oxide (LiMn 1.9 Li 0.1 O 4 ), and in Example 5, lithium manganese cobalt double oxide (LiMn 1.9 Co 0.1 O 4).
- lithium manganese nickel double oxide LiMn 1.9 Ni 0.1 O 4
- Example 6 lithium manganese nickel double oxide (LiMn 1.9 Ni 0.1 O 4 ) was used.
- Example 7 As shown in Table 1 below, in Example 7, lithium ion was used in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a non-aqueous electrolyte in which 12% by weight of a phosphazene flame retardant was added to the non-aqueous electrolyte was used. A secondary battery 20 was produced.
- Comparative Example 1 does not include a phosphazene-based flame retardant, and instead of LiBF 4 as an electrolyte, a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which 0.8 M of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) is dissolved
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that was used.
- Comparative Example 2 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which 0.8 M LiPF 6 was dissolved was used as the electrolyte.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 5 As shown in Table 1 below, in Comparative Examples 3 to 5, except that a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which a phosphazene flame retardant was added in a range of 0 to 8% by weight with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution was used. In the same manner as in Example 3, a lithium ion secondary battery 20 was produced. The addition amount of the phosphazene flame retardant was set to 0% by weight (not added) in Comparative Example 3, 5% by weight in Comparative Example 4, and 8% by weight in Comparative Example 5, respectively.
- Test 1 The lithium ion secondary batteries of the examples and comparative examples were left for 1 month in an environment of 50 ° C. and then disassembled, and the amount of manganese ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte was measured using an ICP (plasma emission analyzer).
- ICP plasma emission analyzer
- the proportion of manganese ions in the lithium ion secondary batteries of each Example and Comparative Example with respect to the amount of manganese ions in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1 as the Mn elution ratio.
- Table 1 also shows the results of heating the lithium ion secondary batteries of each Example and Comparative Example with a burner and confirming the ignitability of the ruptured and ejected gas.
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the amount of LiBF 4 added was changed in the range of 0.2 M to 1.0 M.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of conducting a discharge test of each lithium ion secondary battery at 25 ° C. and 0.2 CA and plotting the discharge capacity against the amount of LiBF 4 added.
- the present invention improves the safety in the event of battery abnormalities and provides a long-life manganese-based nonaqueous electrolyte battery, which contributes to the manufacture and sale of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries. Has availability.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本実施形態の円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池20は、ニッケルメッキが施されたスチール製で有底円筒状の電池容器7およびポリプロピレン製で中空円筒状の軸芯1に帯状の正負極板がセパレータW5を介して断面渦巻状に捲回された電極群6を有している。
また、電池容器7内には、図示しない非水電解液が注液されている。非水電解液には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)およびジメチルカーボネート(DMC)が体積比2:3で混合された混合溶媒中に、リチウム塩(電解質)として4フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4)が0.8モル/リットル(0.8M)以上添加されている。この非水電解液には、難燃化剤として、リンおよび窒素を主体とするホスファゼン誘導体、すなわち、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤が非水電解液に対し10重量%以上の割合で添加されている。
次に、本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池20の作用等について説明する。
実施例1では、正極活物質にスピネル系LiMn2O4を用いてリチウムイオン二次電池20を作製した。
下表1に示すように、実施例2~実施例6では、スピネル系LiMn2O4のMnサイトをAl、Mg、Li、Co、Niでそれぞれ5%置換した正極活物質を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池20を作製した。正極活物質は、それぞれ、実施例2ではリチウムマンガンアルミニウム複酸化物(LiMn1.9Al0.1O4)を、実施例3ではリチウムマンガンマグネシウム複酸化物(LiMn1.9Mg0.1O4)を、実施例4ではリチウムマンガンリチウム複酸化物(LiMn1.9Li0.1O4)を、実施例5ではリチウムマンガンコバルト複酸化物(LiMn1.9Co0.1O4)を、実施例6ではリチウムマンガンニッケル複酸化物(LiMn1.9Ni0.1O4)を用いた。
下表1に示すように、実施例7では、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を非水電解液に対し12重量%添加した非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池20を作製した。
下表1に示すように、比較例1では、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を含まず、電解質としてLiBF4に代わり、6フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を0.8M溶解した非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。比較例2では、電解質としてLiPF6を0.8M溶解した非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
下表1に示すように、比較例3~比較例5では、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を非水電解液に対し0~8重量%の範囲で添加した非水電解液を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池20を作製した。ホスファゼン系難燃化剤の添加量は、それぞれ、比較例3では0重量%(添加しなかった)、比較例4では5重量%、比較例5では8重量%に設定した。
各実施例および比較例のリチウムイオン二次電池を50℃の環境下で1ヶ月放置した後に解体し、非水電解液中のマンガンイオン量をICP(プラズマ発光分析装置)を用いて測定した。比較例1のマンガンイオン量に対する各実施例および比較例のリチウムイオン二次電池のマンガンイオンの割合をMn溶出割合として表1に合わせて示す。また、バーナーで各実施例および比較例のリチウムイオン二次電池を加熱し、電池の破裂および噴出したガス等の着火性を確認した結果も表1に合わせて示す。
実施例1および比較例1、比較例2の結果から、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を電解液に対し10重量%添加することにより、バーナー加熱時の電池の破裂および噴出したガス等の着火を防止できることが判った。ところが、比較例1、比較例2の結果から、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を添加することによりMn溶出量が増加していることが確認された。一方、実施例1の電池では、電解質にLiBF4を0.8M用いたため、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤を加えていない比較例1の電池より、難燃性を確保するとともに、Mn溶出量を抑制できることが判明した。また、実施例1~実施例6の結果から、実施例1の電池の正極活物質のMnサイトを他の金属で置換することにより、さらにMn溶出量を抑制できることが判った。特に、実施例3の電池、すなわち、MnサイトをMgで置換したリチウムマンガンマグネシウム複酸化物を正極活物質に用いた電池が、最もMn溶出量を抑制できることが明らかになった。さらに、実施例3、実施例7および比較例3~比較例5の結果から、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤の添加量が電解液に対し10重量%よりも少ない場合には、バーナー加熱時に発火した。反対に、ホスファゼン系難燃化剤の添加量が10重量%よりも多い場合には、バーナー加熱時の電池の破裂および噴出したガス等の着火を防止できたが、Mn溶出量が増加することが明らかになった。
LiBF4の添加量を0.2M~1.0Mの範囲で変化させること以外は実施例3と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。25℃、0.2CAで各リチウムイオン二次電池の放電試験を行い、LiBF4の添加量に対し放電容量をプロットした結果を図2に示す。
LiBF4の添加量が0.8Mより少ない場合には、放電容量が低下しており、反対に、LiBF4の添加量が0.8Mより多くしても、放電容量がほぼ変化しないことが判った。従って、非水電解液に電解質としてLiBF4を0.8M以上添加することで、容量等の電池性能を維持することができ、結果的に電池寿命を向上させることができることが判明した。
Claims (10)
- 正極活物質にスピネル系リチウムマンガン複酸化物を用いた正極板と負極活物質に炭素材を用いた負極板とがセパレータを介して配置された電極群と、
有機溶媒に電解質として4フッ化ホウ酸リチウムが添加され前記電極群を浸潤する非水電解液と、
前記非水電解液に対し10重量%以上の割合で添加されたホスファゼン系難燃化剤と、
上記電極群、非水電解液、難燃化剤を収容する電池容器と、
を備えた非水電解液電池。 - 前記リチウムマンガン複酸化物は、マンガンサイトの一部が、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、リチウム、コバルト、ニッケルのうち少なくとも1種類以上で置換されたスピネル系リチウムマンガン複酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、前記4フッ化ホウ酸リチウムが0.8モル/リットル以上添加されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記非水電解液は、前記4フッ化ホウ酸リチウムが1.0モル/リットル以下添加されたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記ホスファゼン系難燃化剤は、前記非水電解液に対し12重量%以下の割合で添加されたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記リチウムマンガン複酸化物は、化学式がLiMn2-xMxO4(Mは、Al、Mg、Li、Co、Niのうち少なくとも1種)で表されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記リチウムマンガン複酸化物は、マンガンサイトの置換割合xが0≦x≦0.1であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記炭素材は、非晶質炭素ないし黒鉛であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記電極群は、前記正極板と前記負極板とが前記セパレータを介して捲回されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解液電池。
- 前記正極板は前記正極活物質を含む正極合材が集電体の両面に塗布されており、前記負極板は前記負極活物質を含む負極合剤が集電体の両面に塗布されたことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の非水電解液電池。
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EP10748771.2A EP2405520A4 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2010-03-03 | NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY |
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US20130216920A1 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2013-08-22 | Tomonobu Tsujikawa | Nonaqueous electrolyte battery |
JP5333689B1 (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-11-06 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 非水電解液電池 |
JP2016035837A (ja) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-03-17 | 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ | リチウムイオン電池及びその製造方法 |
CN112531221A (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 天津空间电源科技有限公司 | 一种一体化电连接结构的卷绕型锂离子电池及其成型工艺 |
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US10707526B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US11050284B2 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2021-06-29 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Electrolyte, a battery including the same, and methods of reducing electrolyte flammability |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US11600859B2 (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electrolyte for stable cycling of rechargeable alkali metal and alkali ion batteries |
US11664536B2 (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2023-05-30 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electrolytes for lithium batteries with carbon and/or silicon anodes |
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