WO2010100377A1 - Machine for granulating a compact material, in particular a compact wood-based material - Google Patents

Machine for granulating a compact material, in particular a compact wood-based material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010100377A1
WO2010100377A1 PCT/FR2010/050357 FR2010050357W WO2010100377A1 WO 2010100377 A1 WO2010100377 A1 WO 2010100377A1 FR 2010050357 W FR2010050357 W FR 2010050357W WO 2010100377 A1 WO2010100377 A1 WO 2010100377A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
machine
machine according
revolution
compressor
granulation
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Application number
PCT/FR2010/050357
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stéphan BURGUN
Original Assignee
Burgun Freres (Societe A Responsabilite Limitee)
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Publication of WO2010100377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010100377A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate

Definitions

  • Granulation machine of a compact material in particular of a compact material based on wood
  • the present invention relates to the field of the industrial manufacture of granules and in particular of wood pellets intended to be used as fuel for the distribution of heat and relates to a granulation machine of a compact material and in particular a compact material of wood.
  • pellets are derived from reduced powder products and moistened and then strongly compressed.
  • wood pellets which are excellent heat transfer fuels, are made from a compact material derived from the compaction of by-products of the primary wood processing such as sawdust and have a high very low humidity to optimize their combustion.
  • pellets in particular wood pellets
  • granulation machines generally comprising, on the one hand, a rotary pressing member, rotating about an axis of rotation, comprising at least one crushing roll and compressor of generally cylindrical shape, of axis of revolution perpendicular to said axis of rotation, whose surface of revolution is constituted by a succession of portions of recessed surface of revolution and portions of surface of complementary revolution and, on the other hand, a horizontal flat matrix having a plurality of granulation orifices.
  • the roll is then able, under the effect of its rolling on the flat matrix or on a parallel plane in the immediate vicinity of the latter to grasp, particularly thanks to said portions of surface of revolution, the compact material and to press it through the granulation orifices, which material is then cut into pellets at the outlet of said orifices.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a granulation machine which makes it possible to obtain pellets, in particular pellets of wood, with a density higher than that of the pellets obtained with the present granulation machines and with a higher yield. to that of the latter, without requiring prior softening of the materials to be granulated.
  • the subject of the present invention is a granulation machine as described above, which is essentially characterized in that the recessed surface portions and the complementary surface portions of the or each of the grinding rollers are configured to also providing a striking action of the material being clamped or compressed between said roll and the die.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of a granulation machine according to the present invention (the supply, discharge and drive means not being shown),
  • FIG. 2 represents a view from above of the part of the machine of FIG. 1 according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a compression roll of a machine according to a first variant embodiment of FIG. the present invention
  • FIG. 4 represents a cross-sectional view of the roller of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 is a view from above, on a different scale, of an extrusion die forming part of a granulation machine according to a variant; embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view along AA of the matrix of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a grinding roll similar to that of FIG. 4, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
  • - Figure 8 is a sectional view along BB of the roller shown in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 and 10 are views identical to Figures 4 and 7 of other embodiments of a grinding roll;
  • FIG. 1 1 shows schematically and in side elevation a granulation machine comprising the portion shown in Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a line for treating materials, in particular waste materials, incorporating a granulation machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of another variant embodiment of a crushing roller and compressor forming part of a granulating machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14 and 15 are views respectively in side elevation and in perspective of a further variant embodiment of a roller.
  • Figure 11 schematically shows the general structure of a granulation machine, such as that already known in the state of the art, and which is inspired by the granulation machine 100 according to the invention.
  • Such a granulation machine 100 comprises a granulation chamber 101, a feed hopper 102 or a similar feed tank, a chute 103 for discharging the granules (or pellets), a base 104 carrying and driving the axis of 1 "rotation (the base 104 may contain, for example, rotary support bearings, a gear and return means) and a drive unit 105 (including, for example, the power supply, the control and the motor).
  • the assembly can be mounted on a base or a similar support structure 106 (making the machine 100 easily transportable by a truck for example).
  • a granulation machine comprises in particular, on the one hand, a rotary pressing member rotating about an axis of rotation 1 ", generally vertical, comprising at least one mill roll and compressor 1 of generally cylindrical shape, of axis of revolution 1 'perpendicular to said axis of rotation 1", mounted on a radial axle shaft and whose surface of revolution is formed by a succession of recessed surface portions 2 and prominent complementary surface portions 4, on the other hand, a flat horizontal matrix 3 for example in the form of a disc plate and having a plurality of granulation orifices 3 ', the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1 being fit, under the effect of its rolling on said flat die 3 or on a parallel plane in the immediate vicinity of the latter, to grasp the compact material and to press it through the granulation orifices 3 '.
  • the recessed surface portions 2 and the complementary surface portions 4 are configured to also provide a striking action of the material pinched or compressed between said roll 1 and the die 3.
  • complementary surface portion 4 is meant a portion of the surface of revolution of the crushing and compressing roller 1 which connects two portions of recessed surfaces 2.
  • the succession of hollow surface portions 2 and portions of complementary surface of revolution 4 preferably forms a succession of teeth 4 'profiled in the direction of the axis of revolution 1' of the crushing roller and compressor 1 and each located between two notches 2.
  • the complementary surface portions 4 will preferably be flat or substantially planar and the outer surface of each tooth 4 'will preferably form a complementary surface portion 4.
  • the dimensions of the flat surface portions 4 of the teeth 4 ' are greater than the sections of the inlet openings of the orifices 3' through the matrix 3.
  • the grinding and compressing rollers 2 preferably at least two in number, circulate in the chamber 101 compression or granulation fed material to grind, generally from above (through the hopper 102 for example), and delimited in the lower part by the extrusion die or die 3 and the receptacle provided with the chute 103.
  • the granulation chamber 101 is preferably formed of two parts (see Figure 11) assembled at a plane.
  • the distance between the grinding rollers and compressors 1 and the flat surface of the die 3, or possibly the intensity of the contact pressure between these elements, can be adjusted by the user by means of screws or pneumatic cylinders. This distance or intensity will be different between the cold start phase of the pelletizing machine 100 and the current operating phase when the particular matrix 3 has reached its optimum temperature for granulation with drying.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 to 10 it can be seen that, in a preferred embodiment of the notches 2, these have a V-shaped cross section comprising, in the direction of rotation axial of the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1, a front branch 2 "and a rear branch 2 ', said branches forming, respectively, the longitudinal front and rear faces of said notch 2 corresponding.
  • longitudinal front face 2 is understood to mean a notch 2, the longitudinal face which is in advance with respect to the other longitudinal face or rear longitudinal face 2 ', for axial rotation of the at least one roller 1, as shown in FIG. 4, in the direction of clockwise.
  • the rear branch 2 'of the V extends radially so that the rear face of the notch 2 corresponding is located in a radial plane passing through said face and by the axis l' of the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1.
  • the conformation and the dimensions of the notches 2 and of the teeth 4 ', as well as their mutual spacing or not, are preferably determined specifically for each type of material to be ground (biomass, wood, plastic, etc.), depending on example of its hardness, its degree of humidity, its behavior with respect to pressure and heat or the like, and according to the characteristics (densities, sizes, etc.) of the granules to be obtained.
  • the angular aperture (a) of the notches 2 in V makes it possible to adjust the power of the striking action on the material to be granulated
  • the number of notches 2 makes it possible to determine the striking frequency while the depth (p) notches 2 can create a spoon effect to draw the material to be granulated.
  • the inventor has found that it is preferable that the opening of the notches 2, that is to say the distance between two portions of the striking surface 4, is greater than about 4 mm.
  • the opening angles, the circumferential distribution and the dimensions of notches 2 are determined so that: - the angle of the opening (a) of the V is between 45 ° and 70 °, preferably between 45 ° and 55 °, advantageously about 50 °; - The depth (p) of the notches 2 is between 3 and 9 mm, preferably between 5 and 8 mm, preferably about 7 mm; - The angular difference (b) between two successive notches 2 is between 12 ° and 25 °, preferably between 15 ° and 20 °, preferably of the order of 16.5 °.
  • each roll 1 is advantageously between 90 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 130 mm.
  • depth is understood to mean notches 2
  • the length (p) of said rear branch and the angular difference between two successive notches 2 corresponds to the angular difference formed by the rear branches 2 'of said successive notches 2 which extend radially.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 illustrate additional variants of embodiment of the grinding and compressing rollers 1, which differ in the shape and arrangement of the teeth 4 'and notches 2, while still providing a striking or pounding action of the material in use.
  • the roller 1 of FIG. 13 has teeth 4 'and notches 2 of symmetrical shape, which makes it possible to retain the same tooth / die contact configuration during the wear of the teeth 4'.
  • the angle ⁇ of the notch 2 will be smaller, for example of the order of 28 °, the spacing values between the teeth and the height of these teeth being, however, substantially within the ranges of values indicated above. (non-limiting values in FIG. 13).
  • the teeth 4 'and the notches 2 are not oriented parallel to the axis of revolution 1' (as the embodiments of FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 and 13) but with a slight inclination so as to have a spiral conformation.
  • This variant of the rollers 1 makes it possible to reduce the friction and to increase the yields (the teeth or hammers 4 'being presented more rapidly on the outer edge of the die 3).
  • the inventor has found that the above-mentioned angular differences allow a more efficient operation of the at least one crushing and compressor roll 1, when it is more particularly associated with a planar matrix making it possible to obtain pellets of an included diameter. between about 6 and 8 mm.
  • each grinding roll and compressor 1 is removably mounted on its radial support shaft forming an axis of revolution and rotation, for example by means of screws, not shown, screwed into threaded openings 6 made longitudinally in said roll. around an axial cavity 7 intended to receive the end of the shaft forming the axis.
  • each grinding roll and compressor 1 and the die 2 are made from a stainless steel, in particular a hard non-brittle steel, for example of the HRC 58 or HRC 62 type.
  • Such a mill and compressor roll 1 according to the present invention makes it possible to strike a compact material, more particularly a hard compact material, with the effect of generating sufficient heat to soften said material (the implementation of a specific prior softening by exposure steam becomes superfluous).
  • the resulting heat release will melt the lignin contained in the wood with a release of steam and thus soften the latter, allowing compression with a very high density.
  • the machine according to the present invention does not require the implementation of a high temperature steam generator to soften the material.
  • the inventor has been able to note an abundant release of steam which explains the significant drying of the treated materials, resulting in the supply of granules at least partially dehydrated and to treat raw materials with a high degree of humidity, in particular about 20% or more.
  • a flat or flat matrix with at least one mill and compressor roller 1 allows, firstly, to obtain a very significant drying of the material and, secondly, a centrifugal force generating a vortex that sucks the material and projects it under the at least one roller, thereby increasing the amount of material per unit of time under the latter before striking.
  • Such a vortex can be obtained with great difficulty with current machines using planar dies because of the hot and moist material obtained with the steam generators that are installed in said machines. That is why many current machines do not use a flat matrix but cylindrical dies with grinding rollers and compressors powered by motorized arms.
  • cylindrical matrices have the disadvantage of being very expensive and more complex to manufacture and maintain.
  • the pellets obtained with a machine according to the present invention have a much higher density than those manufactured by current machines.
  • the pellets obtained with a machine according to the present invention have a relatively low temperature at the die outlet, of about 60 ° C. for wood pellets, which does not need to be lowered, unlike the pellets obtained with the current machines. where the pellets leave the matrix with a high temperature, equal to about 160 0 C for pellets of wood, which requires the use of a cooler.
  • a machine according to the present invention which does not use a steam generator or a cooler makes it possible firstly to obtain higher yields than those obtained with current machines and, secondly, a much lower cost price.
  • the rotary pressing member advantageously comprises at least two mill rollers and compressors 1.
  • the through orifices 3 'of the die 3 may, in known manner, have a cylindrical (FIG 1) or frustoconical shape over their entire extension through the thickness of the plate forming the die 3,
  • the granulation orifices 3 of the planar matrix 3 preferably each comprise, so as to form tabular passages with flared emerging end portions, a frustoconical portion 8, at less at the inlet and optionally at the outlet, and a central cylindrical portion 8 ', the outer diameter of the conical portion or portions 8 being preferably between 6 and 10 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm and the diameter of the central cylindrical portion 8 'being preferably between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 6 mm.
  • the outside diameter emerging from the conical part (s) 8 is preferably between 6 and 10 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm (with opening angles of between 10 ° and 10 ° C.). 20 °, preferably between 12 ° and 16 °), and the diameter of the central cylindrical portion 8 'preferably between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 6 mm.
  • the matrix 3 may comprise orifices 3 'distributed over its entire surface (FIG 1) or only at the level of the rolling paths of the rollers 1 on its upper surface (FIG 5).
  • the material to be compressed and granulated in the chamber 101 of compression or granulation will be subjected to one or more rollers 1 to convection movements between the central region of said chamber and its circumferential side wall.
  • a machine according to the present invention is particularly suitable for producing wood pellets, it is also suitable for producing pellets from other materials than wood such as dried food materials such as parsley, hops, beetroot or to produce chemicals for the PVC adjuvant industry, food pellets or veterinary food pellets.
  • the invention is distinguished by the implementation of mill rollers and compressors 1 performing a jerking action on the material on the matrix, each tooth of these rolls playing the role of a hammer, given its conformation, its dimensioning and its spacing with respect to the neighboring teeth.
  • the granulating machine according to the invention has significant advantages over known granulators and makes it possible in particular:
  • the object of the invention is also, as shown in FIG. 12 of the attached drawings, a plant or line for treating materials with a view to their granulation.
  • This installation comprises at least one pelletizing machine
  • a station or a machine 110 for receiving and conditioning the granules located (e) downstream of the pelletizing machine 100 and a mill 108 and / or a dryer 109, for example with bands, located upstream of the machine to granulate and feed the latter.
  • This installation is characterized in that the granulating machine 100 is of the type described above and represented in FIGS. 1 to 11.
  • Figure 12 shows that the installation can have different configurations depending on the raw materials to be treated for their granulation and their state (these materials are only indicated by way of example in Figure 12).
  • the mill 108 is preferably a hammer mill, provided with an exit sieving screen, which allows a calibration of the material refined by the mill (for example mill BM marketed by the applicant).
  • the dryer 109 may for example be in the form of a band dryer with a modular structure (for example a dryer of the S range marketed by the applicant) .
  • the installation can also include a shredding machine 107 located upstream of the mill 108 and feeding the latter (for example a refining shredder of the ETCR range marketed by the applicant).
  • a shredding machine 107 located upstream of the mill 108 and feeding the latter (for example a refining shredder of the ETCR range marketed by the applicant).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine for granulating a compact material, in particular a compact wood material, comprising: a rotary press member rotating about an axis of rotation (1") and including at least one generally cylindrical compressing and grinding roller (1) having an axis of rotation (1'), the rotating surface thereof being formed by a succession of hollow surface portions (2) and complementary surface portions (4); and a horizontal planar die (3) including a plurality of granulation holes (3'). According to the invention, the at least one compressing and grinding roller (1) rolls over the planar die (3) or over a parallel plane immediately beside the die so as to grip the compact material and force same through the aforementioned holes (3'). The invention is characterised in that the hollow surface portions (2) and the complementary surface portions (4) are also configured to strike the material trapped between the roller (1) and the die (3).

Description

Machine de granulation d'une matière compacte, notamment d'une matière compacte à base de bois Granulation machine of a compact material, in particular of a compact material based on wood
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la fabrication industrielle de granulés et notamment de granulés de bois destinés à être utilisés comme combustible pour la distribution de chaleur et a pour objet une machine de granulation d'une matière compacte et notamment d'une matière compacte de bois.The present invention relates to the field of the industrial manufacture of granules and in particular of wood pellets intended to be used as fuel for the distribution of heat and relates to a granulation machine of a compact material and in particular a compact material of wood.
On sait que les granulés de ce type, plus généralement connus sous la dénomination d'origine anglaise de «pellets», sont issus de produits réduits en poudre et humidifiés puis fortement compressés. Les pellets de bois, par exemple, qui constituent d'excellents combustibles pour la distribution de chaleur sont réalisés à partir d'une matière compacte issue d'un compactage de sous-produits de la première transformation du bois comme la sciure et présentent un taux d'humidité très faible permettant d'optimiser leur combustion.It is known that granules of this type, more generally known under the name of English origin of "pellets", are derived from reduced powder products and moistened and then strongly compressed. For example, wood pellets, which are excellent heat transfer fuels, are made from a compact material derived from the compaction of by-products of the primary wood processing such as sawdust and have a high very low humidity to optimize their combustion.
La fabrication des pellets, notamment des pellets de bois, à partir d'une matière compacte est réalisée actuellement à l'aide de machines de granulation comprenant généralement, d'une part, une organe de pressage rotatif, tournant autour d'un axe de rotation, comportant au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur de forme générale cylindrique, d'axe de révolution perpendiculaire audit axe de rotation, dont la surface de révolution est constituée par une succession de portions de surface de révolution en creux et de portions de surface de révolution complémentaires et, d'autre part, une matrice plane horizontale comportant une pluralité d'orifices à granulation. Le rouleau est alors apte, sous l'effet de son roulement sur la matrice plane ou sur un plan parallèle à proximité immédiate de cette dernière à saisir, notamment grâce auxdites portions de surface de révolution, la matière compacte et à la presser à travers les orifices à granulation, laquelle matière est ensuite coupée en pellets à la sortie desdits orifices.The manufacture of pellets, in particular wood pellets, from a compact material is currently carried out using granulation machines generally comprising, on the one hand, a rotary pressing member, rotating about an axis of rotation, comprising at least one crushing roll and compressor of generally cylindrical shape, of axis of revolution perpendicular to said axis of rotation, whose surface of revolution is constituted by a succession of portions of recessed surface of revolution and portions of surface of complementary revolution and, on the other hand, a horizontal flat matrix having a plurality of granulation orifices. The roll is then able, under the effect of its rolling on the flat matrix or on a parallel plane in the immediate vicinity of the latter to grasp, particularly thanks to said portions of surface of revolution, the compact material and to press it through the granulation orifices, which material is then cut into pellets at the outlet of said orifices.
Toutefois, ces machines de granulation qui utilisent un principe similaire à celui d'un laminoir en compressant la matière entre les rouleaux et la matrice ne permettent pas d'obtenir des pellets suffisamment compressés. D'autre part, ces machines connues utilisent en outre des générateurs de vapeur à haute température pour ramollir la matière à granuler en vue de la compresser et des refroidisseurs pour baisser, en sortie de matrice, la température des pellets due à la température élevée de la vapeur, ne permettent pas d'obtenir des rendements importants.However, these granulation machines that use a principle similar to that of a rolling mill by compressing the material between the rollers and the matrix do not allow to obtain sufficiently compressed pellets. On the other hand, these known machines also use high temperature steam generators to soften the material to granulating for the purpose of compressing it and coolers for lowering, at the die outlet, the temperature of the pellets due to the high temperature of the steam, do not make it possible to obtain high yields.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier à ces inconvénients en proposant une machine de granulation permettant d'obtenir des pellets, notamment des pellets de bois, avec une densité supérieure à celle des pellets obtenus avec les machines à granulation actuelles et avec un rendement supérieur à celui de ces dernières, sans nécessiter de ramollissement préalable des matières à granuler. A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet une machine de granulation telle que décrite ci-dessus, qui se caractérise essentiellement en ce que les portions de surface en creux et les portions de surface complémentaires du ou de chacun des rouleaux broyeurs sont configurées pour fournir également une action de frappe de la matière pincée ou comprimée entre ledit rouleau et la matrice.The object of the present invention is to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a granulation machine which makes it possible to obtain pellets, in particular pellets of wood, with a density higher than that of the pellets obtained with the present granulation machines and with a higher yield. to that of the latter, without requiring prior softening of the materials to be granulated. For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a granulation machine as described above, which is essentially characterized in that the recessed surface portions and the complementary surface portions of the or each of the grinding rollers are configured to also providing a striking action of the material being clamped or compressed between said roll and the die.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci- après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 représente une vue schématique partielle en coupe d'une machine de granulation selon la présente invention (les moyens d'alimentation, d'évacuation et d'entraînement n'étant pas représentés),The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of a granulation machine according to the present invention (the supply, discharge and drive means not being shown),
- la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus de la partie de la machine de la figure 1 selon la présente invention, - la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un rouleau de compression d'une machine selon une première variante de réalisation de la présente invention,FIG. 2 represents a view from above of the part of the machine of FIG. 1 according to the present invention; FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of a compression roll of a machine according to a first variant embodiment of FIG. the present invention,
- la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe transversale du rouleau de la figure 3, - la figure 5 est une vue de dessus, à une échelle différente, d'une matrice d'extrusion faisant partie d'une machine de granulation selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention ;FIG. 4 represents a cross-sectional view of the roller of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a view from above, on a different scale, of an extrusion die forming part of a granulation machine according to a variant; embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon A-A de la matrice de la figure 5 ; - la figure 7 est une vue en élévation latérale d'un rouleau broyeur similaire à celui de la figure 4, selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention ; - la figure 8 est une vue en coupe selon B-B du rouleau représenté sur la figure 7 ;- Figure 6 is a sectional view along AA of the matrix of Figure 5; FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a grinding roll similar to that of FIG. 4, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention; - Figure 8 is a sectional view along BB of the roller shown in Figure 7;
- les figures 9 et 10 sont des vues identiques aux figures 4 et 7 d'autres variantes de réalisation d'un rouleau broyeur ; - la figure 1 1 représente de manière schématique et en élévation latérale une machine de granulation comprenant la partie représentée sur les figures 1 et 2 ;- Figures 9 and 10 are views identical to Figures 4 and 7 of other embodiments of a grinding roll; - Figure 1 1 shows schematically and in side elevation a granulation machine comprising the portion shown in Figures 1 and 2;
- la figure 12 est un schéma synoptique illustrant une ligne de traitement de matières, notamment de déchets, intégrant une machine de granulation selon l'invention ;FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a line for treating materials, in particular waste materials, incorporating a granulation machine according to the invention;
- la figure 13 est une vue en élévation latérale d'une autre variante de réalisation d'un rouleau broyeur et compresseur faisant partie d'une machine à granuler selon l'invention, et,FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of another variant embodiment of a crushing roller and compressor forming part of a granulating machine according to the invention, and
- les figures 14 et 15 sont des vues respectivement en élévation latérale et en perspective d'une variante supplémentaire de réalisation d'un rouleau.- Figures 14 and 15 are views respectively in side elevation and in perspective of a further variant embodiment of a roller.
La figure 11 représente de manière schématique la structure générale d'une machine de granulation, telle que celle déjà connue dans l'état de la technique, et dont s'inspire la machine de granulation 100 selon l'invention.Figure 11 schematically shows the general structure of a granulation machine, such as that already known in the state of the art, and which is inspired by the granulation machine 100 according to the invention.
Une telle machine de granulation 100 comprend une chambre de granulation 101, une trémie d'alimentation 102 ou un réservoir d'alimentation analogue, une goulotte 103 d'évacuation des granulés (ou pellets), une embase 104 portant et entraînant l'axe de rotation 1" (l'embase 104 pouvant renfermée par exemple des paliers support rotatifs, un réducteur et des moyens de renvoi) et une unité d'entraînement 105 (renfermant par exemple l'alimentation, la commande et le moteur).Such a granulation machine 100 comprises a granulation chamber 101, a feed hopper 102 or a similar feed tank, a chute 103 for discharging the granules (or pellets), a base 104 carrying and driving the axis of 1 "rotation (the base 104 may contain, for example, rotary support bearings, a gear and return means) and a drive unit 105 (including, for example, the power supply, the control and the motor).
L'ensemble peut être monté sur un socle ou une structure support analogue 106 (rendant la machine 100 transportable aisément par un chariot de manutention par exemple).The assembly can be mounted on a base or a similar support structure 106 (making the machine 100 easily transportable by a truck for example).
En se référant à la figure 1 et à la figure 2, on peut voir qu'une machine de granulation, selon la présente invention comprend notamment, d'une part, un organe de pressage rotatif, tournant autour d'un axe de rotation 1 ", généralement vertical, comportant au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 de forme générale cylindrique, d'axe de révolution 1 ' perpendiculaire audit axe de rotation 1 ", monté sur un arbre radial formant essieu et dont la surface de révolution est constituée par une succession de portions de surface en creux 2 et de portions de surface complémentaires proéminentes 4, d'autre part, une matrice plane 3 horizontale par exemple sous forme de plaque discoïdale et comportant une pluralité d'orifices à granulation 3', le au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 étant apte, sous l'effet de son roulement sur ladite matrice plane 3 ou sur un plan parallèle à proximité immédiate de cette dernière, à saisir la matière compacte et à la presser à travers les orifices à granulation 3'.Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it can be seen that a granulation machine according to the present invention comprises in particular, on the one hand, a rotary pressing member rotating about an axis of rotation 1 ", generally vertical, comprising at least one mill roll and compressor 1 of generally cylindrical shape, of axis of revolution 1 'perpendicular to said axis of rotation 1", mounted on a radial axle shaft and whose surface of revolution is formed by a succession of recessed surface portions 2 and prominent complementary surface portions 4, on the other hand, a flat horizontal matrix 3 for example in the form of a disc plate and having a plurality of granulation orifices 3 ', the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1 being fit, under the effect of its rolling on said flat die 3 or on a parallel plane in the immediate vicinity of the latter, to grasp the compact material and to press it through the granulation orifices 3 '.
De manière caractéristique, les portions de surface en creux 2 et les portions de surface complémentaires 4 sont configurées pour fournir également une action de frappe de la matière pincée ou comprimée entre ledit rouleau 1 et la matrice 3.Typically, the recessed surface portions 2 and the complementary surface portions 4 are configured to also provide a striking action of the material pinched or compressed between said roll 1 and the die 3.
On entendra par portion de surface complémentaire 4, une portion de la surface de révolution du rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 qui relie deux portions de surfaces en creux 2. La succession de portions de surface en creux 2 et de portions de surface de révolution complémentaires 4 forme de préférence une succession de dents 4' profilées dans le sens de l'axe de révolution 1 ' du rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 et situées chacune entre deux crans 2. En outre les portions de surface complémentaires 4 seront de préférence planes ou sensiblement planes et la surface externe de chaque dent 4' formera de préférence une portion de surface complémentaire 4.By complementary surface portion 4, is meant a portion of the surface of revolution of the crushing and compressing roller 1 which connects two portions of recessed surfaces 2. The succession of hollow surface portions 2 and portions of complementary surface of revolution 4 preferably forms a succession of teeth 4 'profiled in the direction of the axis of revolution 1' of the crushing roller and compressor 1 and each located between two notches 2. In addition, the complementary surface portions 4 will preferably be flat or substantially planar and the outer surface of each tooth 4 'will preferably form a complementary surface portion 4.
Les dimensions des portions de surface planes 4 des dents 4' sont supérieures aux sections des ouvertures d'entrée des orifices 3' traversants de la matrice 3. Les rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs 2, préférentiellement au moins au nombre de deux, circulent dans la chambre 101 de compression ou de granulation alimentée en matière à broyer, généralement par le haut (par l'entremise de la trémie 102 par exemple), et délimitée en partie inférieure par la matrice d'extrusion ou filière 3 et le réceptacle pourvu de la goulotte 103.The dimensions of the flat surface portions 4 of the teeth 4 'are greater than the sections of the inlet openings of the orifices 3' through the matrix 3. The grinding and compressing rollers 2, preferably at least two in number, circulate in the chamber 101 compression or granulation fed material to grind, generally from above (through the hopper 102 for example), and delimited in the lower part by the extrusion die or die 3 and the receptacle provided with the chute 103.
La chambre de granulation 101 est préférentiellement formée de deux parties (voir figure 11) assemblées au niveau d'un plan.The granulation chamber 101 is preferably formed of two parts (see Figure 11) assembled at a plane.
La distance entre les rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs 1 et la surface plane de la matrice 3, ou éventuellement l'intensité de la pression de contact entre ces éléments, peut être réglée par l'utilisateur au moyen de vis ou de vérins pneumatiques. Cette distance ou intensité sera différente entre la phase de démarrage à froid de la machine à granuler 100 et la phase de fonctionnement courant lorsque la matrice 3 notamment aura atteint sa température optimale pour une granulation avec séchage. Si l'on se réfère maintenant aux figures 3, 4 et 7 à 10, on peut voir que dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel des crans 2, ceux-ci présentent une section transversale en forme de V comprenant, dans le sens de la rotation axiale du au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 , une branche avant 2" et une branche arrière 2', lesdites branches formant, respectivement, les faces longitudinales avant et arrière dudit cran 2 correspondant.The distance between the grinding rollers and compressors 1 and the flat surface of the die 3, or possibly the intensity of the contact pressure between these elements, can be adjusted by the user by means of screws or pneumatic cylinders. This distance or intensity will be different between the cold start phase of the pelletizing machine 100 and the current operating phase when the particular matrix 3 has reached its optimum temperature for granulation with drying. Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 to 10, it can be seen that, in a preferred embodiment of the notches 2, these have a V-shaped cross section comprising, in the direction of rotation axial of the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1, a front branch 2 "and a rear branch 2 ', said branches forming, respectively, the longitudinal front and rear faces of said notch 2 corresponding.
On entend dans la présente par face longitudinale avant 2" d'un cran 2, la face longitudinale qui est en avance par rapport à l'autre face longitudinale ou face longitudinale arrière 2', pour une rotation axiale du au moins un rouleau 1, tel que représenté sur la figure 4, dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.In the present invention, longitudinal front face 2 "is understood to mean a notch 2, the longitudinal face which is in advance with respect to the other longitudinal face or rear longitudinal face 2 ', for axial rotation of the at least one roller 1, as shown in FIG. 4, in the direction of clockwise.
De préférence, comme on peut le voir sur les figures 4, 7, 9 etPreferably, as can be seen in FIGS. 4, 7, 9 and
10, la branche arrière 2' du V s'étend radialement en sorte que la face arrière du cran 2 correspondant soit située dans un plan radial passant par ladite face et par l'axe l' du au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1.10, the rear branch 2 'of the V extends radially so that the rear face of the notch 2 corresponding is located in a radial plane passing through said face and by the axis l' of the at least one crushing roller and compressor 1.
La conformation et les dimensions des crans 2 et des dents 4', ainsi que leur écartement mutuel ou pas sont préférentiellement déterminées de manière spécifique pour chaque type de matière à broyer (biomasse, bois, plastique, etc ...), en fonction par exemple de sa dureté, de son degré d'humidité, de son comportement en regard de la pression et de la chaleur ou analogue, et selon les caractéristiques (densités, tailles, ...) des granulés à obtenir.The conformation and the dimensions of the notches 2 and of the teeth 4 ', as well as their mutual spacing or not, are preferably determined specifically for each type of material to be ground (biomass, wood, plastic, etc.), depending on example of its hardness, its degree of humidity, its behavior with respect to pressure and heat or the like, and according to the characteristics (densities, sizes, etc.) of the granules to be obtained.
Ainsi, l'ouverture angulaire (a) des crans 2 en V permet de régler la puissance de l'action de frappe sur la matière à granuler, le nombre de crans 2 permet de déterminer la fréquence de frappe tandis que la profondeur (p) des crans 2 permet de créer un effet de cuillère pour puiser la matière à granuler.Thus, the angular aperture (a) of the notches 2 in V makes it possible to adjust the power of the striking action on the material to be granulated, the number of notches 2 makes it possible to determine the striking frequency while the depth (p) notches 2 can create a spoon effect to draw the material to be granulated.
En outre, pour obtenir un effet de frappe suffisant, l'inventeur a constaté qu'il est préférable que l'ouverture des crans 2, c'est-à-dire l'écart entre deux portions de surface de frappe 4, soit supérieure à environ 4 mm.In addition, to obtain a sufficient striking effect, the inventor has found that it is preferable that the opening of the notches 2, that is to say the distance between two portions of the striking surface 4, is greater than about 4 mm.
En accord avec un mode de réalisation pratique de l'invention, ressortant notamment des figures 3, 4, 7, 9 et 10, et convenant notamment pour la fabrication des pellets ou granulés à base de bois ou de bois et de matière plastique (déchets de menuiserie), les angles d'ouverture, la répartition circonférentielle et les dimensions des crans 2 sont déterminés de manière que : - l'angle d'ouverture (a) du V soit compris entre 45° et 70°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 55°, avantageusement environ égale à 50° ; - la profondeur (p) des crans 2 soit comprise entre 3 et 9 mm, de préférence comprise entre 5 et 8 mm, avantageusement environ égale à 7 mm ; - l'écart angulaire (b) entre deux crans 2 successifs soit compris entre 12° et 25°, de préférence compris entre 15° et 20°, avantageusement de l'ordre de 16,5°.According to a practical embodiment of the invention, particularly apparent from Figures 3, 4, 7, 9 and 10, and particularly suitable for the manufacture of pellets or granules based on wood or wood and plastic (carpentry waste), the opening angles, the circumferential distribution and the dimensions of notches 2 are determined so that: - the angle of the opening (a) of the V is between 45 ° and 70 °, preferably between 45 ° and 55 °, advantageously about 50 °; - The depth (p) of the notches 2 is between 3 and 9 mm, preferably between 5 and 8 mm, preferably about 7 mm; - The angular difference (b) between two successive notches 2 is between 12 ° and 25 °, preferably between 15 ° and 20 °, preferably of the order of 16.5 °.
De plus, le diamètre extérieur D de chaque rouleau 1 est avantageusement compris entre 90 mm et 150 mm, préférentiellement entre 100 mm et 130 mm.In addition, the outer diameter D of each roll 1 is advantageously between 90 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 130 mm.
Dans le cas où la branche arrière du V s'étend radialement, on entend par profondeur des crans 2, la longueur (p) de ladite branche arrière et l'écart angulaire entre deux crans 2 successifs correspond à l'écart angulaire formé par les branches arrières 2' desdits crans 2 successifs qui s'étendent radialement.In the case where the rear branch of the V extends radially, depth is understood to mean notches 2, the length (p) of said rear branch and the angular difference between two successive notches 2 corresponds to the angular difference formed by the rear branches 2 'of said successive notches 2 which extend radially.
Les figures 13 à 15 illustrent des variantes supplémentaires de réalisation des rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs 1, qui se différencient au niveau de la forme et de l'arrangement des dents 4' et crans 2, tout en fournissant toujours une action de frappe ou de martèlement de la matière en utilisation.FIGS. 13 to 15 illustrate additional variants of embodiment of the grinding and compressing rollers 1, which differ in the shape and arrangement of the teeth 4 'and notches 2, while still providing a striking or pounding action of the material in use.
Le rouleau 1 de la figure 13 présente des dents 4' et des crans 2 de forme symétrique, ce qui permet de conserver la même configuration de contact dents/matrice lors de l'usure des dents 4'.The roller 1 of FIG. 13 has teeth 4 'and notches 2 of symmetrical shape, which makes it possible to retain the same tooth / die contact configuration during the wear of the teeth 4'.
Dans cette variante, l'angle a du cran 2 sera plus faible, par exemple de l'ordre de 28°, les valeurs d'écartement entre les dents et la hauteur de ces dents étant toutefois sensiblement situées dans les plages de valeurs indiquées précédemment (valeurs non limitatives sur la figure 13).In this variant, the angle α of the notch 2 will be smaller, for example of the order of 28 °, the spacing values between the teeth and the height of these teeth being, however, substantially within the ranges of values indicated above. (non-limiting values in FIG. 13).
Dans la variante de réalisation des figures 14 et 15, les dents 4' et les crans 2 ne sont pas orientés parallèlement à l'axe de révolution l' (comme les réalisations des figures 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 et 13), mais avec une légère inclinaison de manière à présenter une conformation spiralée. Cette variante des rouleaux 1 permet de réduire les frottements et d'augmenter les rendements (les dents ou marteaux 4' étant présentés plus rapidement sur le bord extérieur de la matrice 3).In the variant embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15, the teeth 4 'and the notches 2 are not oriented parallel to the axis of revolution 1' (as the embodiments of FIGS. 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 and 13) but with a slight inclination so as to have a spiral conformation. This variant of the rollers 1 makes it possible to reduce the friction and to increase the yields (the teeth or hammers 4 'being presented more rapidly on the outer edge of the die 3).
L'inventeur a constaté que les écarts angulaires mentionnés ci- dessus permettent un fonctionnement plus efficace du au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1, lorsqu'il est plus particulièrement associé à une matrice plane permettant d'obtenir des pellets d'un diamètre compris entre environ 6 et 8 mm.The inventor has found that the above-mentioned angular differences allow a more efficient operation of the at least one crushing and compressor roll 1, when it is more particularly associated with a planar matrix making it possible to obtain pellets of an included diameter. between about 6 and 8 mm.
De préférence, chaque rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 est monté de manière amovible sur son arbre support radial formant axe de révolution et de rotation l', par exemple au moyens de vis, non représentées, vissées dans des ouvertures filetées 6 pratiquées longitudinalement dans ledit rouleau autour d'une cavité axiale 7 destinée à recevoir l'extrémité de l'arbre formant axe l'.Preferably, each grinding roll and compressor 1 is removably mounted on its radial support shaft forming an axis of revolution and rotation, for example by means of screws, not shown, screwed into threaded openings 6 made longitudinally in said roll. around an axial cavity 7 intended to receive the end of the shaft forming the axis.
De préférence, chaque rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 et la matrice 2 sont réalisés à partir d'un acier inoxydable, en particulier d'un acier dur non cassant, par exemple du type HRC 58 ou HRC 62.Preferably, each grinding roll and compressor 1 and the die 2 are made from a stainless steel, in particular a hard non-brittle steel, for example of the HRC 58 or HRC 62 type.
Un tel rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 selon la présente invention permet de frapper une matière compacte, plus particulièrement une matière compacte dure, avec comme effet un dégagement de chaleur suffisant pour ramollir ladite matière (la mise en œuvre d'un ramollissement préalable spécifique par exposition à la vapeur devient superflue).Such a mill and compressor roll 1 according to the present invention makes it possible to strike a compact material, more particularly a hard compact material, with the effect of generating sufficient heat to soften said material (the implementation of a specific prior softening by exposure steam becomes superfluous).
Pour la fabrication de pellets de bois, par exemple, le dégagement de chaleur ainsi créé aura pour effet de faire fondre la lignine contenu dans le bois avec un dégagement de vapeur et partant de ramollir ce dernier, autorisant une compression avec une densité très élevée.For the production of wood pellets, for example, the resulting heat release will melt the lignin contained in the wood with a release of steam and thus soften the latter, allowing compression with a very high density.
Ainsi, contrairement aux machines actuelles, la machine selon la présente invention ne nécessite pas la mise en œuvre d'un générateur de vapeur à haute température pour ramollir la matière.Thus, unlike current machines, the machine according to the present invention does not require the implementation of a high temperature steam generator to soften the material.
On notera en particulier qu'il est possible de traiter la matière à granuler plusieurs fois de suite avec la machine à granuler selon l'invention, jusqu'à aboutir au degré d'humidité et/ou à la densité souhaitée pour les granulés produits.It will be noted in particular that it is possible to treat the material to be granulated several times in succession with the pelletizing machine according to the invention, until the moisture content and / or the desired density for the granules produced is reached.
En effet, lors de la mise en œuvre de la machine à granuler selon l'invention, l'inventeur a pu constater un abondant dégagement de vapeur qui explique l'assèchement important des matières traitées, résultant en la fourniture de granulés au moins partiellement déshydratés et permettant de traiter des matières premières avec un degré d'humidité important, en particulier d'environ 20 % voire plus.Indeed, during the implementation of the pelletizing machine according to the invention, the inventor has been able to note an abundant release of steam which explains the significant drying of the treated materials, resulting in the supply of granules at least partially dehydrated and to treat raw materials with a high degree of humidity, in particular about 20% or more.
Par ailleurs, l'association d'une matrice plane ou plate avec au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur 1 selon la présente invention permet, d'une part, d'obtenir un assèchement très important de la matière et, d'autre part, une force centrifuge générant un tourbillon qui aspire la matière et la projette sous ledit au moins un rouleau, ce qui augmente d'autant la quantité de matière par unité de temps sous ce dernier avant la frappe. Un tel tourbillon ne peut être obtenu que très difficilement avec les machines actuelles utilisant des matrices planes du fait de la matière chaude et humide obtenue avec les générateurs de vapeur qui sont installés dans lesdites machines. C'est pourquoi de nombreuses machines actuelles n'utilisent pas de matrice plane mais des matrices cylindriques avec des rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs actionnés grâce à des bras motorisés. Toutefois de telles matrices cylindriques présentent l'inconvénient d'être très coûteuses et plus complexes à fabriquer et à maintenir.Furthermore, the combination of a flat or flat matrix with at least one mill and compressor roller 1 according to the present invention allows, firstly, to obtain a very significant drying of the material and, secondly, a centrifugal force generating a vortex that sucks the material and projects it under the at least one roller, thereby increasing the amount of material per unit of time under the latter before striking. Such a vortex can be obtained with great difficulty with current machines using planar dies because of the hot and moist material obtained with the steam generators that are installed in said machines. That is why many current machines do not use a flat matrix but cylindrical dies with grinding rollers and compressors powered by motorized arms. However, such cylindrical matrices have the disadvantage of being very expensive and more complex to manufacture and maintain.
En outre, les pellets obtenus avec une machine selon la présente invention ont une densité bien supérieure à ceux qui sont fabriqués par les machines actuelles. Enfin, les pellets obtenus avec une machine selon la présente invention ont une température relativement basse en sortie de matrice, d'environ 60 0C pour des pellets de bois, qui ne nécessite pas d'être baissée contrairement aux pellets obtenus avec les machines actuelles où les pellets sortent de la matrice avec une température élevée, égale à environ 160 0C pour des pellets de bois, qui nécessite l'utilisation d'un refroidisseur.In addition, the pellets obtained with a machine according to the present invention have a much higher density than those manufactured by current machines. Finally, the pellets obtained with a machine according to the present invention have a relatively low temperature at the die outlet, of about 60 ° C. for wood pellets, which does not need to be lowered, unlike the pellets obtained with the current machines. where the pellets leave the matrix with a high temperature, equal to about 160 0 C for pellets of wood, which requires the use of a cooler.
Une machine selon la présente invention qui n'utilise ni générateur de vapeur, ni de refroidisseur, permet d'obtenir d'une part des rendements supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec les machines actuelles et d'autre part un prix de revient nettement inférieur. On notera également que l'organe de pressage rotatif comporte avantageusement au moins deux rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs 1.A machine according to the present invention which does not use a steam generator or a cooler makes it possible firstly to obtain higher yields than those obtained with current machines and, secondly, a much lower cost price. Note also that the rotary pressing member advantageously comprises at least two mill rollers and compressors 1.
Bien que les orifices traversants 3' de la matrice 3 puissent, de manière connue, présenter une forme cylindrique (fig. 1) ou tronconique sur toute leur extension à travers l'épaisseur de la plaque formant la matrice 3, les orifices à granulation 3' de la matrice plane 3 comprennent de préférence chacun, de manière à former des passages tabulaires avec des portions d'extrémité débouchantes évasées, une partie tronconique 8, au moins au niveau de l'entrée et éventuellement au niveau de la sortie, et une partie cylindrique centrale 8', le diamètre extérieur de la ou des parties coniques 8 étant préférentiellement compris entre 6 et 10 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 8 mm, et le diamètre de la partie cylindrique centrale 8' étant préférentiellement compris entre 4 et 8 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 6 mm.Although the through orifices 3 'of the die 3 may, in known manner, have a cylindrical (FIG 1) or frustoconical shape over their entire extension through the thickness of the plate forming the die 3, the granulation orifices 3 of the planar matrix 3 preferably each comprise, so as to form tabular passages with flared emerging end portions, a frustoconical portion 8, at less at the inlet and optionally at the outlet, and a central cylindrical portion 8 ', the outer diameter of the conical portion or portions 8 being preferably between 6 and 10 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm and the diameter of the central cylindrical portion 8 'being preferably between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 6 mm.
D'autre part, pour le bois résineux, le diamètre extérieur débouchant de la ou des parties coniques 8 est préférentiellement compris entre 6 et 10 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 8 mm (avec des angles d'ouverture compris entre 10 ° et 20 °, préférentiellement entre 12 ° et 16 °), et le diamètre de la partie cylindrique centrale 8' préférentiellement entre 4 et 8 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 6 mm.On the other hand, for resinous wood, the outside diameter emerging from the conical part (s) 8 is preferably between 6 and 10 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm (with opening angles of between 10 ° and 10 ° C.). 20 °, preferably between 12 ° and 16 °), and the diameter of the central cylindrical portion 8 'preferably between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 6 mm.
La matrice 3 peut comporter des orifices 3' répartis sur toute sa surface (fig. 1) ou uniquement au niveau des chemins de roulement des rouleaux 1 sur sa surface supérieure (fig. 5).The matrix 3 may comprise orifices 3 'distributed over its entire surface (FIG 1) or only at the level of the rolling paths of the rollers 1 on its upper surface (FIG 5).
En outre, la matière à comprimer et à granuler présente dans la chambre 101 de compression ou de granulation sera soumis du ou des rouleaux 1 à des mouvements de convexion entre la région centrale de ladite chambre et sa paroi latérale circonférentielle. D'autre part enfin, le principe d'une machine selon la présente invention, en terme de transmission de puissance et d'alimentation en matière, est beaucoup plus simple que celui des machines actuelles et ne requiert qu'un seul moteur.In addition, the material to be compressed and granulated in the chamber 101 of compression or granulation will be subjected to one or more rollers 1 to convection movements between the central region of said chamber and its circumferential side wall. Finally, finally, the principle of a machine according to the present invention, in terms of power transmission and material supply, is much simpler than that of current machines and requires only one motor.
On comprendra que si une machine selon la présente invention est particulièrement adaptée pour produire des pellets de bois, elle est également adaptée pour produire des pellets à partir d'autres matériaux que le bois tels que des matériaux alimentaires séchés comme le persil, le houblon, la betterave rouge ou pour produire des produits chimiques pour l'industrie d'adjuvant PVC, des granulés alimentaires ou encore des granulés alimentaires pour vétérinaires.It will be understood that while a machine according to the present invention is particularly suitable for producing wood pellets, it is also suitable for producing pellets from other materials than wood such as dried food materials such as parsley, hops, beetroot or to produce chemicals for the PVC adjuvant industry, food pellets or veterinary food pellets.
Par rapport aux granuleurs connus de l'état de la technique (par exemple par les documents US 2005/0230872, DE 2622265 et WO 01/54819), dans lesquels la matière à granuler est simplement poussée graduellement et de manière continue dans les orifices de la matrice formant filière d'extrusion, l'invention se distingue par la mise en œuvre de rouleaux broyeurs et compresseurs 1 réalisant une action de frappe saccadée sur la matière présente sur la matrice, chaque dent de ces rouleaux jouant le rôle d'un marteau, compte tenu de sa conformation, de son dimensionnement et de son espacement par rapport aux dents voisines.With respect to the granulators known from the state of the art (for example by the documents US 2005/0230872, DE 2622265 and WO 01/54819), in which the material to be granulated is simply pushed gradually and continuously into the orifices of the extrusion die matrix, the invention is distinguished by the implementation of mill rollers and compressors 1 performing a jerking action on the material on the matrix, each tooth of these rolls playing the role of a hammer, given its conformation, its dimensioning and its spacing with respect to the neighboring teeth.
Grâce notamment à cette caractéristique essentielle, la machine à granuler selon l'invention présente des avantages notables par rapport aux granuleurs connus et permet notamment :Thanks in particular to this essential characteristic, the granulating machine according to the invention has significant advantages over known granulators and makes it possible in particular:
- de produire des granulés de biomasses avec des rendements au moins double par rapport aux pelletiseurs ou granuleurs existants avec toutes les biomasses sèches à 10-18 % d'humidité ;- produce biomass pellets with yields at least double compared to existing pelletizers or granulers with all dry biomass at 10-18% humidity;
- de granuler des matières dures qui ne peuvent être traitées par les systèmes existants conventionnels, sauf à les ramollir (par exemple par la vapeur). Le miscanthus, le châtaignier, le chêne, les cosses de riz, les épeautres peuvent être granulés avec la machine à granuler à martèlement 100 selon l'invention et ceci sans aucun adjuvant (eau, vapeur, liant, graisse...) ; - d'avoir une machine beaucoup plus compacte et donc plus économique (à l'achat et à l'usage) et transportable ;- to granulate hard materials that can not be processed by existing conventional systems, except soften them (for example by steam). Miscanthus, chestnut, oak, rice husks, spelled can be granulated with the pilling machine 100 according to the invention and this without any adjuvant (water, steam, binder, grease ...); - to have a machine much more compact and therefore more economical (at the time of purchase and use) and transportable;
- de générer très peu de poussières (taux de formation de granulés généralement supérieur à 95 % en fonctionnement courant) ;- To generate very little dust (rate of formation of granules generally greater than 95% in current operation);
- de produire des granulés à "basse température", c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de 70-90° C, suivant la biomasse traitée et la matrice 3 utilisée autorisant l'utilisation d'un refroidisseur sans groupe froid. Les granulés en plus, du fait de la faible température, sortent solides. Dans les machines connues conventionnellement, les granulés sont très chauds, donc très fragiles et ont besoin (au plus vite) d'un groupe froid puissant ; - de sécher, plus ou moins, la matière durant le procédé de granulation, en utilisant une matrice, plus ou moins large. Le procédé "traditionnel" génère très peu de vapeur, car il n'y a pas de frappe ;- To produce granules at "low temperature", that is to say of the order of 70-90 ° C, depending on the biomass treated and the matrix 3 used allowing the use of a chiller without cold group. The granules in addition, because of the low temperature, come out solid. In conventionally known machines, the granules are very hot, therefore very fragile and need (as soon as possible) a powerful cold unit; - Dry, more or less, the material during the granulation process, using a matrix, more or less wide. The "traditional" process generates very little steam because there is no striking;
- de produire des granulés beaucoup plus compacts et brillants. L'invention a également pour objet, comme le montre la figure 12 des dessins annexés, une installation ou ligne de traitement de matières en vue de leur granulation.- to produce granules much more compact and brilliant. The object of the invention is also, as shown in FIG. 12 of the attached drawings, a plant or line for treating materials with a view to their granulation.
Cette installation comprend au moins une machine à granulerThis installation comprises at least one pelletizing machine
100, un poste ou une machine 110 de réception et de conditionnement des granulés situé(e) en aval de la machine à granuler 100 et une broyeur 108 et/ou un sécheur 109, par exemple à bandes, situé en amont de la machine à granuler et alimentant cette dernière. Cette installation est caractérisée en ce que la machine à granuler 100 est du type décrit précédemment et représenté aux figures 1 à 11.100, a station or a machine 110 for receiving and conditioning the granules located (e) downstream of the pelletizing machine 100 and a mill 108 and / or a dryer 109, for example with bands, located upstream of the machine to granulate and feed the latter. This installation is characterized in that the granulating machine 100 is of the type described above and represented in FIGS. 1 to 11.
La figure 12 montre que l'installation peut présenter des configurations différentes en fonction des matières premières à traiter en vue de leur granulation et de leur état (ces matières ne sont indiquées qu'à titre d'exemple dans la figure 12).Figure 12 shows that the installation can have different configurations depending on the raw materials to be treated for their granulation and their state (these materials are only indicated by way of example in Figure 12).
Le broyeur 108 est préférentiellement un broyeur à marteaux, pourvu d'une grille de tamisage en sortie, qui permet un calibrage de la matière affinée par le broyeur (par exemple broyeur de la gamme BM commercialisé par la déposante).The mill 108 is preferably a hammer mill, provided with an exit sieving screen, which allows a calibration of the material refined by the mill (for example mill BM marketed by the applicant).
Le sécheur 109, dont la mise en œuvre dépend du degré d'humidité des matières à traiter, peut par exemple se présenter sous la forme d'un sécheur à bandes à structure modulaire (par exemple sécheur de la gamme S commercialisé par la déposante).The dryer 109, the implementation of which depends on the degree of humidity of the materials to be treated, may for example be in the form of a band dryer with a modular structure (for example a dryer of the S range marketed by the applicant) .
Enfin, l'installation peut également comprendre une machine à déchiqueter 107 située en amont du broyeur 108 et alimentant ce dernier (par exemple un déchiqueteur affineur de la gamme ETCR commercialisé par la déposante). Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention. Finally, the installation can also include a shredding machine 107 located upstream of the mill 108 and feeding the latter (for example a refining shredder of the ETCR range marketed by the applicant). Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Machine de granulation d'une matière compacte, notamment d'une matière compacte de bois, du type comprenant, d'une part, un organe de pressage rotatif, tournant autour d'un axe de rotation (1 "), comportant au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1) de forme générale cylindrique et d'axe de révolution (T) perpendiculaire audit axe de rotation (1 "), dont la surface de révolution est constituée par une succession de portions de surface en creux (2) et de portions de surface complémentaires (4), d'autre part, une matrice plane (3) horizontale comportant une pluralité d'orifices d'extrusion ou à granulation (3'), le au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1) étant apte, sous l'effet de son roulement sur ladite matrice plane (3) ou sur un plan parallèle à proximité immédiate de cette dernière, à saisir la matière compacte, à la broyer et à la presser à travers lesdits orifices (3'), machine caractérisée en ce que les portions de surface de révolution en creux (2) et les portions de surfaces de révolution complémentaires (4) sont configurées pour fournir également une action de frappe de la matière pincée ou comprimée entre ledit rouleau (1) et la matrice (3).1) granulation machine of a compact material, especially a compact wood material, of the type comprising, on the one hand, a rotary pressing member, rotating about an axis of rotation (1 "), comprising minus a mill roll and compressor (1) of cylindrical general shape and axis of revolution (T) perpendicular to said axis of rotation (1 "), the surface of revolution is constituted by a succession of hollow surface portions (2). ) and complementary surface portions (4), on the other hand, a horizontal flat matrix (3) having a plurality of extrusion or granulation orifices (3 '), the at least one grinding roller and compressor (1 ) being capable, under the effect of its rolling on said flat matrix (3) or on a parallel plane in the immediate vicinity of the latter, to grasp the compact material, grind and press it through said orifices (3 ') ), characterized in that the portions of surface of revolution in c and (2) and the portions of complementary revolution surfaces (4) are configured to also provide a striking action of the material clamped or compressed between said roll (1) and the die (3).
2) Machine, selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la succession de portions de surface en creux (2) et de portions de surface complémentaires (4) forme une succession de dents (4') profilées dans le sens de l'axe de révolution (T) et situées chacune entre deux crans (2) et en ce que, d'une part, les portions de surface complémentaires (4) sont planes ou sensiblement planes et, d'autre part, la surface externe de chaque dent (4') forme une portion de surface complémentaire (4).2) Machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the succession of hollow surface portions (2) and complementary surface portions (4) form a succession of teeth (4 ') profiled in the direction of the axis of revolution (T) and each located between two notches (2) and in that, on the one hand, the complementary surface portions (4) are flat or substantially flat and, on the other hand, the surface external of each tooth (4 ') forms a complementary surface portion (4).
3) Machine, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la section transversale d'un cran (2) est en forme de V et comprend, dans le sens de la rotation axiale du au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1), une branche avant (2") et une branche arrière (2'), lesdites branches formant, respectivement, les faces longitudinales avant et arrière dudit cran (2) correspondant.3) Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the cross section of a notch (2) is V-shaped and comprises, in the direction of the axial rotation of the at least one crushing roller and compressor (1), a front branch (2 ") and a rear branch (2 '), said branches forming, respectively, the longitudinal front and rear faces of said notch (2) corresponding.
4) Machine, selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la branche arrière (2") du V s'étend radialement en sorte que la face arrière du cran (2) correspondant soit située dans un plan radial passant par ladite face et par l'axe de révolution (V) du au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1).4) Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the rear branch (2 ") of the V extends radially so that the rear face of the notch (2) corresponding is located in a radial plane passing through said face and by the axis of revolution (V) of the at least one crushing roller and compressor (1).
5) Machine, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que les angles d'ouverture, la répartition circonférentielle et les dimensions des crans (2) sont déterminés de telle manière que :5) Machine according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the opening angles, the circumferential distribution and the dimensions of the notches (2) are determined in such a way that:
- l'angle d'ouverture (a) du V soit compris entre 45° et 70°, de préférence compris entre 45° et 55°, avantageusement environ égale à 50° ;the opening angle (a) of the V is between 45 ° and 70 °, preferably between 45 ° and 55 °, advantageously about 50 °;
- la profondeur (p) des crans (2) soit comprise entre 3 et 9 mm, de préférence comprise entre 5 et 8 mm, avantageusement environ égale à 7 mm ;- The depth (p) of the notches (2) is between 3 and 9 mm, preferably between 5 and 8 mm, preferably about 7 mm;
- l'écart angulaire (b) entre deux crans (2) successifs soit compris entre 12° et 25°, de préférence compris entre 15° et 20°, avantageusement de l'ordre de 16,5°.- The angular difference (b) between two successive notches (2) is between 12 ° and 25 °, preferably between 15 ° and 20 °, preferably of the order of 16.5 °.
6) Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre extérieur (D) de chaque rouleau (1) est compris entre 90 mm et 150 mm, préférentiellement entre 100 mm et 130 mm.6) Machine according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the outer diameter (D) of each roller (1) is between 90 mm and 150 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 130 mm.
7) Machine, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1) est monté de manière amovible sur son arbre support radial formant axe de révolution et de rotation (V).7) Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each grinding roller and compressor (1) is removably mounted on its radial support shaft axis of revolution and rotation (V).
8) Machine, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que ledit au moins un rouleau broyeur et compresseur (1) et la matrice (2) sont réalisés à partir d'un acier inoxydable, en particulier un acier dur non cassant.8) Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said at least one crushing roller and compressor (1) and the matrix (2) are made from a stainless steel, in particular a steel hard not brittle.
9) Machine, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de pressage rotatif comporte au moins deux rouleaux compresseurs (1).9) Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotary pressing member comprises at least two compressor rollers (1).
10) Machine, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les orifices à granulation (3') de la matrice plane (3) comprennent chacun une partie tronconique (8), au moins au niveau de l'entrée et éventuellement au niveau de la sortie, et une partie cylindrique centrale (8'), le diamètre extérieur de la ou des parties coniques (8) étant préférentiellement compris entre 6 et 10 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 8 mm, et le diamètre de la partie cylindrique centrale (8') étant préférentiellement compris entre 4 et 8 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 6 mm. 11) Installation de traitement de matières en vue de leur granulation, cette installation comprenant au moins une machine à granuler, un poste ou une machine de réception et de conditionnement des granulés situé(e) en aval de la machine à granuler et une broyeur et/ou un sécheur, par exemple à bandes, situé en amont de la machine à granuler et alimentant cette dernière, installation caractérisé en ce que la machine à granuler est une machine à granuler (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.10) Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the granulation orifices (3 ') of the planar matrix (3) each comprise a frustoconical portion (8), at least at the level of the inlet and optionally at the outlet, and a central cylindrical portion (8 '), the outer diameter of the conical portion or portions (8) being preferably between 6 and 10 mm, preferably of the order of 8 mm, and the diameter of the central cylindrical portion (8 ') being preferably between 4 and 8 mm, preferably of the order of 6 mm. 11) Apparatus for treating materials for granulation thereof, said installation comprising at least one granulating machine, a station or a machine for receiving and packaging the granules located downstream of the granulating machine and a mill and or a dryer, for example a belt dryer, located upstream of the pelletizing machine and feeding it, characterized in that the pelletizing machine is a pelletizing machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 .
12) Installation de traitement selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend également une machine à déchiqueter12) Treatment plant according to claim 11, characterized in that it also comprises a shredding machine
(107) située en amont du broyeur (108) et alimentant ce dernier. (107) upstream of the mill (108) and feeding the latter.
PCT/FR2010/050357 2009-03-03 2010-03-03 Machine for granulating a compact material, in particular a compact wood-based material WO2010100377A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0951338A FR2942730B1 (en) 2009-03-03 2009-03-03 MACHINE FOR GRANULATING A COMPACT MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR A COMPACT MATERIAL BASED ON WOOD
FR0951338 2009-03-03

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CN104174333A (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-03 无锡市华牧机械有限公司 Rolling granulator
CN106345368A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-01-25 盐城工学院 Pelletizer and fuel production system
CN108503446A (en) * 2018-06-08 2018-09-07 中国水稻研究所 A kind of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer Granulation Equipments and method

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CN104689759B (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-09 福建省南安市海特机械有限公司 A kind of improved environment protection comminutor
CN106179118B (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-06-14 福建省南安市海特机械有限公司 A kind of environmental protection pelletizer
CN106000224A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-12 芜湖三六机械有限公司 Rotary self-discharging prilling device
CN110279131A (en) * 2019-07-26 2019-09-27 郑州金燕机械设备有限公司 Feed granulator

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CN104174333A (en) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-03 无锡市华牧机械有限公司 Rolling granulator
CN106345368A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-01-25 盐城工学院 Pelletizer and fuel production system
CN108503446A (en) * 2018-06-08 2018-09-07 中国水稻研究所 A kind of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer Granulation Equipments and method
CN108503446B (en) * 2018-06-08 2024-05-10 中国水稻研究所 Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer granulating equipment and method

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FR2942730B1 (en) 2011-09-23

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