WO2010087062A1 - 半導体発光素子および半導体発光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体発光素子および半導体発光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010087062A1 WO2010087062A1 PCT/JP2009/069152 JP2009069152W WO2010087062A1 WO 2010087062 A1 WO2010087062 A1 WO 2010087062A1 JP 2009069152 W JP2009069152 W JP 2009069152W WO 2010087062 A1 WO2010087062 A1 WO 2010087062A1
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- light emitting
- semiconductor
- layer
- semiconductor light
- emitting device
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/22—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2933/00—Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
- H01L2933/0083—Periodic patterns for optical field-shaping in or on the semiconductor body or semiconductor body package, e.g. photonic bandgap structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0093—Wafer bonding; Removal of the growth substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
- H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device capable of improving the efficiency of outputting emitted light and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device.
- the semiconductor light-emitting element takes out the energy released by recombination of the holes supplied by the p-type semiconductor layer constituting the semiconductor layer and the electrons supplied by the n-type semiconductor layer as light.
- Such semiconductor light emitting devices LEDs are used in a wide range of applications such as optical displays and traffic lights.
- various devices have been conventionally made.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 a semiconductor layer that emits light and a conductive support substrate are bonded using an adhesive layer made of a metal that has a high reflectance with respect to the light.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor light emitting device is disclosed. Light emitted from the semiconductor element is reflected in a specific direction with a high reflectance in the adhesive layer made of metal, so that the output intensity of the light can be increased.
- Patent Document 2 semiconductor light-emitting elements that form a periodic structure of a two-dimensional diffraction grating on the outermost surface of a semiconductor layer are disclosed.
- the semiconductor light emitting element the light emitted inside the semiconductor layer is diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating and emitted at a high rate in a specific direction, so that the light output intensity can be increased.
- a periodic structure of a two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed on the outermost surface of the semiconductor layer of the semiconductor light emitting element (device).
- the electrode is formed on the outermost surface of the semiconductor layer, the area of the region where the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be disposed is reduced by the amount of the electrode disposed.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating has an action of emitting light emitted from the semiconductor layer in a specific direction. Therefore, when the area of the region where the periodic structure of the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be arranged is limited, the efficiency and output intensity of outputting light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting element may be reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor light emitting device with improved efficiency of outputting emitted light and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device.
- a semiconductor light emitting device includes a semiconductor layer including a light emitting layer, a support substrate for supporting the semiconductor layer, and an adhesive layer for joining the main surface of the semiconductor layer and the main surface of the support substrate. .
- a two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed in a bonding interface region with at least one of the main surface of the semiconductor layer facing the pasting layer or the main surface of the supporting substrate facing the pasting layer. Yes. In the two-dimensional diffraction grating, at least two kinds of substances having different refractive indexes are periodically arranged.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating is not formed on the outermost surface of the laminated structure including the semiconductor layer, the support substrate, and the pasting layer constituting the semiconductor light emitting device.
- the bonding interface region refers to a region having a certain depth from the bonded main surface.
- the main surface means a main surface having the largest area among the surfaces.
- the region excluding the region where the electrode is formed on the outermost surface of the laminated structure can be performed. Therefore, the efficiency with which the semiconductor light emitting element outputs light can be further improved by performing this process.
- the substance forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating includes a semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor layer and a filling material filling a plurality of recesses periodically formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer. It is preferable. As described above, the semiconductor material and the filling material are periodically arranged on the main surface (bonding interface region) of the semiconductor layer facing the pasting layer. The light incident on the two-dimensional diffraction grating is diffracted by the period of these arrangements and the difference in refractive index between the semiconductor material and the filling material, so that it can be output in a desired direction.
- the above-mentioned filling material is preferably a transparent material that is in ohmic contact with the semiconductor material, transmits light emitted from the light emitting layer, and has conductivity.
- transmitting light means transmitting incident light with a transmittance of 80% or more.
- transparent means that, for example, when light having a certain wavelength is incident on an object and the incident light is transmitted with a transmittance of 80% or more, the object is transparent to the incident light. That's it.
- having conductivity means that the conductivity is 10 Siemens / cm or more.
- the transparent material is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide, zinc oxide containing aluminum atoms, tin oxide containing fluorine atoms, zinc oxide, zinc selenide, and gallium oxide. It is preferable to be comprised from the material containing a seed.
- Examples of light emitted from the light emitting layer include infrared rays and visible light. The wavelength of infrared rays is about 0.7 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, and the wavelength of visible light is about 0.36 ⁇ m or more and 0.7 ⁇ m or less.
- the conductivity as a semiconductor light emitting device and a two-dimensional diffraction grating can be obtained. And the action of emitting the emitted light.
- the above-described materials are preferably used as the filling material (transparent material).
- the filling material may be a dielectric film. Specifically, it is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, and lithium fluoride.
- a transparent material having conductivity is used as the filling material, it is necessary to select a material to be used as the filling material from a very limited range of materials.
- the light emitting layer emits light due to the difference in refractive index between the dielectric and the semiconductor material.
- the light to be diffracted under desired conditions can be output with high efficiency under desired conditions. For this reason, the range of selection of the material used as a filling material can be expanded by using a dielectric material as a filling material.
- the semiconductor light emitting device preferably includes a reflective film made of a metal material that reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer, in a region sandwiched between the two-dimensional diffraction grating and the support substrate. If it does in this way, it can be made to radiate
- the reflective film is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, copper, and chromium. In this way, light can be reflected at a higher rate, and the intensity of outputting light in a specific direction can be increased.
- air may be used as the filling material. Even in a two-dimensional diffraction grating formed on the main surface of the semiconductor layer in which air and a semiconductor material are periodically arranged, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is desired depending on the refractive index difference between the air and the semiconductor material. It can be diffracted under conditions and output with high efficiency under desired conditions.
- the support substrate is preferably a conductive support substrate having conductivity. Specifically, it is preferably made of a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide.
- the conductive support substrate described above is used as the support substrate, when electrodes are formed on one and the other of the outermost surfaces of a pair of opposed main surfaces of the laminated structure, by applying a voltage between both electrodes, Electric power can be smoothly supplied to the semiconductor light emitting device.
- the filling material may be a transparent adhesive material that has adhesiveness to the semiconductor layer and the support substrate and transmits light emitted from the light emitting layer.
- the transparent adhesive material is preferably composed of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide (PI), epoxy, silicone, and perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB).
- PI polyimide
- PFCB perfluorocyclobutane
- the transparent support substrate is made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of sapphire, gallium phosphide, quartz, and spinel.
- the composition of the light emitting layer included in the semiconductor layer is Al x Ga y In (1-xy) As (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1), Al x Ga y In (1-xy) P (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1), Al x In y Ga (1-xy) N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1), In x Ga (1-x) As y P (1-y) (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of 1).
- the composition of the light-emitting layer is Al x Ga y In (1-xy) As or In x Ga (1-x) As y P (1-y) , infrared light is emitted, and the composition of the light-emitting layer is Al If xGa y In (1-xy) P is used, red visible light can be emitted. Further, when the composition of the light emitting layer is Al x In y Ga (1-xy) N, visible light from purple to blue to green can be emitted.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating described above may be arranged so that two kinds of substances having different refractive indexes form a square grating, or two kinds of the above substances having different refractive indices may be arranged. You may arrange
- the semiconductor material and the filler material may be disposed so as to form a square lattice or may be disposed so as to form a triangular lattice.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating can bring about an effect of emitting light emitted from the light emitting layer in a desired intensity and direction.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting layer
- a is the lattice constant on the main surface of the semiconductor layer of the square lattice or triangular lattice. if, It is preferable that the relationship of 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ 10 ⁇ is satisfied.
- the thickness of the two-dimensional diffraction grating in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer is d, it is preferable that the relationship of 0.1 ⁇ ⁇ d ⁇ 5 ⁇ is established.
- the light emitting layer emits light when the wavelength ⁇ of light emitted from the light emitting layer is from 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m, the lattice constant a is from 80 nm to 20 ⁇ m, and the thickness d is from 40 nm to 10 ⁇ m. Light can be output with extremely high efficiency.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor light emitting device includes a step of forming a semiconductor layer on a surface of a semiconductor substrate, a step of preparing a support substrate for supporting the semiconductor layer, and a surface of the semiconductor layer or a support thereof. It is preferable to include a step of forming a two-dimensional diffraction grating on at least one of the surfaces of the substrate, a step of bonding the surface of the semiconductor layer and the surface of the support substrate, and a step of removing the semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention which is formed using the manufacturing method including the above steps, can improve the efficiency of outputting the emitted light and increase the intensity of the output light as described above. .
- the present invention it is possible to provide a semiconductor light emitting device capable of improving the efficiency of outputting emitted light and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a stacked structure of a semiconductor light emitting element according to a first embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light-emitting device based on this Embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the board
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting element 200 in which a light emitting surface 2b of the semiconductor light emitting element 100 is subjected to a roughening process.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a stacked structure of a semiconductor light emitting element according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which the reflective film 16 is formed and bonded in the process of forming the semiconductor light emitting device 300. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the laminated structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device concerning this Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which a transparent conductive film 5 is formed in the process of forming a semiconductor light emitting device 400.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which a semiconductor layer 2 and a support substrate 11 are bonded together in the process of forming a semiconductor light emitting device 400.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a stacked structure of a semiconductor light emitting element according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11 are bonded together in the step (S40) in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 600.
- S40 the step in which the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11 are bonded together in the step (S40) in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 600.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which a reflective film 16 is formed and bonded in the process of forming a semiconductor light emitting element 800. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the laminated structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device based on Embodiment 8 of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which a semiconductor layer 2 and a transparent support substrate 12 are bonded together in the process of forming a semiconductor light emitting device 900. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the laminated structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device concerning Embodiment 9 of this invention. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an aspect in which a semiconductor layer 2 and a transparent support substrate 12 are bonded together in the process of forming a semiconductor light emitting device 999.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a semiconductor layer 2 including a light emitting layer, a support substrate 11 that supports the entire semiconductor light emitting device 100, and one main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 (the lower side of the semiconductor layer 2 in FIG. 1). And a sticking layer 15 that joins one main surface of the support substrate 11 (the main surface on the upper side of the support substrate 11 in FIG. 1).
- the bonding surface region of the lower main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 (the main surface facing the bonding layer 15) with the bonding layer 15 has a two-dimensional diffraction grating.
- a semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor layer 2 and a transparent conductive film 4 filled in the recesses 3 are periodically arranged and formed in a direction along the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2.
- a p-side electrode 21 and an n-side electrode 22 are formed on the outermost main surface of the laminated structure.
- the semiconductor layer 2 includes the above-described two-dimensional diffraction grating in the junction interface region, and includes, for example, an n-type cladding layer, a p-type cladding layer, a light emitting layer, an electron block layer, a photonic crystal layer, and the like (not shown). These are stacked in the same manner as the stacked structure of the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the n-type cladding layer is a region for supplying electrons as an n-type semiconductor layer.
- the p-type cladding layer is a region that supplies holes as a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the n-type cladding layer and the p-type cladding layer are made of, for example, a III-V group compound semiconductor, more specifically, for example, an AlGaAs-based or AlGaInP-based compound semiconductor.
- the light emitting layer is a region that takes out energy released as light by recombination of electrons and holes supplied when a voltage is applied to the semiconductor light emitting device 100 as light.
- the composition of the light emitting layer varies depending on the wavelength of light to be extracted. For example, when it is desired to emit infrared light, the composition of the light emitting layer is made of Al x Ga y In (1-xy) As or In x Ga (1-x) As y P (1-y) , and red visible light is emitted.
- the composition of the light emitting layer is Al x Ga y In (1-xy) P, and in the case where visible light from purple to blue to green is emitted, the composition of the light emitting layer is Al x In y Ga (1- xy) N is preferable.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer disposed to suppress electrons supplied to the light emitting layer from leaking into the p-type cladding layer without recombining with holes in the light emitting layer. For this reason, if an electron block layer is arrange
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating includes a filling material filling a plurality of recesses 3 periodically formed by a certain depth from one main surface of the photonic crystal layer, and a semiconductor layer 2 (photonic layer in the junction interface region).
- the semiconductor material constituting the crystal layer is periodically arranged in the direction along the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2.
- a transparent conductive film 4 is disposed as a filling material.
- the depth means the depth in the vertical direction of FIG. 1 in the direction perpendicular to the main surface.
- the transparent conductive film 4 as a filling material is preferably a transparent material that is in ohmic contact with a semiconductor material, transmits light emitted from the light emitting layer, and has conductivity. In this way, the transparent conductive film 4 becomes conductive with the semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor layer, and the transparent conductive film 4 is used to diffract the light emitted from the light emitting layer with the two-dimensional diffraction grating. It is possible to allow light to enter inside or to transmit diffracted light.
- the transparent conductive film 4 is a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide, an oxide containing aluminum atoms. It is preferably made of a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, tin oxide containing fluorine atoms, zinc oxide, zinc selenide, and gallium oxide.
- the support substrate 11 is preferably a conductive support substrate having conductivity. In this way, when a voltage is applied between the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22, the entire semiconductor light emitting element 100 including the support substrate 11 can be conducted. The electric power can be smoothly supplied to the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the support substrate 11 is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and silicon carbide (SiC).
- the support substrate 11 is assumed to be a support substrate made of p-type Si.
- the main surface of the photonic crystal layer on which the two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed and one main surface of the support substrate 11 are attached layers. 15 is joined.
- the affixing layer 15 it is preferable to use a solder that can be melt-bonded at a relatively low temperature.
- AuSn or AuIn is preferably used.
- the pasting layer 15 is assumed to be AuSn.
- the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11 can be bonded with high strength, and the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side are bonded. The state of conduction with the electrode 22 can be further improved.
- the main surface of the photonic crystal layer on which the two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed is disposed so as to face the pasting layer 15. That is, the two-dimensional diffraction grating is arranged in a region having a certain depth from the outermost surface of the stacked structure of the semiconductor light emitting device 100. Therefore, a two-dimensional diffraction grating is not formed on the light emitting surface 2 b which is the main surface of the outermost surface of the semiconductor layer 2. With this configuration, no electrode is disposed on the main surface of the photonic crystal layer forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating. Therefore, the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be formed on the entire main surface.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating can further increase the effect of increasing the efficiency of outputting light emitted from the light emitting layer in a desired direction.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 100 When the semiconductor light emitting device 100 is operated, light emitted from the light emitting layer included in the semiconductor layer 2 proceeds toward the bonding interface region. Then, the wavelength of the light, the period (lattice constant) of the two-dimensional diffraction grating in which the semiconductor material and the filling material having different refractive indexes are periodically arranged, the depth in the direction perpendicular to the main surface, If a certain condition is satisfied with a parameter such as a difference in refractive index of the material, the light is diffracted in the two-dimensional diffraction grating, and the intensity of output in a desired direction is increased.
- the light may be absorbed by an opaque support substrate or may not be output to the outside of the light emitting element due to total reflection.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating is arranged in the semiconductor light emitting device 100, the light is diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating, and the light travels in the direction of the n-side electrode 22, so that the light emission surface 2b is highly efficient, that is, Output with high intensity.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating is arranged as shown in FIG.
- the light emitting surface 2b which is the outermost surface is not formed with a plurality of concave portions constituting a two-dimensional diffraction grating.
- the surface roughening treatment of the light emitting surface 2b which is difficult in the semiconductor light emitting devices disclosed in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 2 can be easily performed.
- the roughening process is a process for increasing the surface roughness.
- the light that is diffracted by the two-dimensional diffraction grating and is about to be emitted from the light emitting surface 2b with high efficiency causes total reflection on the light emitting surface 2b, resulting in a phenomenon that the output efficiency is lowered. Can be suppressed. Therefore, by increasing the surface roughness of the light emitting surface 2b, the light extraction efficiency can be increased and the output intensity can be increased.
- An arbitrary method can be used as the roughening treatment. For example, the surface roughness of the light emitting surface 2b may be increased by wet etching using a predetermined etching solution (for example, dilute nitric acid).
- the semiconductor layer 2 of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 has the n-type cladding layer disposed on the upper side and the p-type cladding layer disposed on the lower side with the light emitting layer interposed therebetween.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in FIG. 1 has the n-side electrode 22 disposed on the upper side (semiconductor layer 2 side) and the p-side electrode disposed on the lower side (support substrate 11 side). The electrode 21 is used.
- a step of forming a semiconductor layer is performed. Specifically, this is a step of forming a semiconductor layer composed of an n-type cladding layer, a p-type cladding layer, a light emitting layer, etc. on the main surface of the substrate, particularly the semiconductor substrate.
- the material of the substrate 1 used as the semiconductor substrate for forming the semiconductor layer 2 shown in FIG. 3 is preferably n-type GaAs, but other examples include n-type GaN.
- a substrate or an InP substrate may be used. In the following, a case where n-type GaAs is used as the substrate 1 will be described.
- the semiconductor layer 2 which is a region that emits light, is formed on one main surface (the upper main surface in FIG. 3) of the substrate 1.
- the semiconductor layer 2 preferably has a laminated structure in which an n-type cladding layer, a light emitting layer, an electron blocking layer, a p-type cladding layer, and a layer to be a photonic crystal layer are formed in this order from the side closer to the substrate 1.
- the layer to be the photonic crystal layer and the electron blocking layer are preferably made of, for example, AlGaAs having a larger band gap than the light emitting layer.
- Each layer constituting the stacked structure of the semiconductor layer 2 described above is preferably formed using a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy method (MOVPE method).
- MOVPE method metal organic vapor phase epitaxy method
- VPE method vapor phase epitaxy method
- H-VPE method A method (H-VPE method) may be used.
- a step of preparing a support substrate (S20) is performed.
- the support substrate 11 for supporting the semiconductor layer 2 is assumed to be a support substrate made of p-type Si.
- a step of forming a two-dimensional diffraction grating (S30) is performed. Specifically, this is a step of forming a two-dimensional diffraction grating for diffracting the light emitted from the light emitting layer in a layer to be the photonic crystal layer constituting the semiconductor layer 2.
- the schematic perspective view of the triangular lattice shown in FIG. 6 also shows a cross-sectional aspect intersecting with the main surface of the semiconductor layer.
- 1 in the direction along the main surface of the outermost surface 2a formed by one main surface of the photonic crystal layer farthest from the substrate 1 in the stacked structure constituting the semiconductor layer 2.
- a plurality of cylindrical recesses 3 are formed periodically in a two-dimensional direction along the direction and the direction along the main surface and the other direction intersecting the one direction. In this way, the plurality of recesses 3 periodically formed in the two-dimensional direction on the main surface of the laminated outermost surface 2a form a two-dimensional diffraction grating.
- a mask layer is formed using a photolithography method, and the semiconductor layer 2 is formed using the mask layer as a mask.
- a method of partially removing the outermost surface 2a can be used.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed so as to form a triangular grating in which a plurality of recesses 3 are arranged so as to form a plurality of triangles in the direction along the outermost surface 2a. Also good.
- a plurality of recesses 3 may be formed so as to form a square lattice arranged so as to form a plurality of squares in the direction along the laminated outermost surface 2 a.
- the wavelength of the light emitted from the light emitting layer, the lattice constant indicating the period of the square lattice or the triangular lattice, and the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 of the recess 3 where the filling material is formed are formed.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating emits light emitted from the light emitting layer to a desired intensity and direction. It is possible to bring about an action of radiating to.
- the wavelength of the light emitted from the light emitting layer is ⁇
- the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 is a square lattice or a triangular lattice formed by the plurality of recesses 3 (stacked) If the distance (lattice constant) between the centers of the adjacent recesses 3 on the outermost surface 2a) is a (see FIG. 6), the relationship of 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ a ⁇ 10 ⁇ is preferably established. As shown in FIG.
- ⁇ is 400 nm to 2 ⁇ m
- a is 80 nm to 20 ⁇ m
- d is 40 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the plurality of recesses 3 in FIG. 5 to FIG. 9 are made of a material (transparent conductive material) that has a conductivity that satisfies the desired condition of the difference in refractive index between the semiconductor material and the filling material and is transparent to the light emitted from the light emitting layer. Fill with membrane 4).
- a material of the transparent conductive film 4 for example, ITO (indium tin oxide) is used.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- any conventionally known method such as film formation by an EB vapor deposition apparatus can be used. In this manner, as shown in FIG. 10, an ITO contact layer in which the recess 3 is filled with the transparent conductive film 4 is formed.
- a step of bonding the surface of the semiconductor layer 2 and the surface of the support substrate 11 is performed as a bonding step (S40).
- AuSn solder is applied to the outermost surface 2 a on which the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the semiconductor layer 2 is formed or one main surface facing the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11. Feed on. Further, the AuSn solder is applied to either the Au thin film layer on the laminated outermost surface 2a where the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the semiconductor layer 2 is formed or on one main surface of the supporting substrate 11 facing the semiconductor layer 2. Supply to those who did not supply. Then, by heating up to the melting point of AuSn or higher, a eutectic reaction is caused between the supplied AuSn and Au, and both are joined. If it does in this way, as shown in FIG.
- the thickness of the affixing layer 15 in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less. In this way, the bonding between the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11 can be strengthened.
- a step of removing the semiconductor substrate (S50) is performed.
- the substrate 1 used to form the semiconductor layer 2 is removed by using a method called selective wet etching using, for example, a mixture of ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the step of forming electrodes (S60) the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22 which are ohmic electrodes of a metal thin film are formed by, for example, vacuum deposition.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 100 the light emitting surface 2b shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 200 shown in FIG. 12 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, the semiconductor light emitting element 200 is different from the semiconductor light emitting element 100 in that the light emitting surface 2c is subjected to a roughening treatment.
- the roughening treatment can be performed, for example, by etching using dilute nitric acid. Further, it is preferable to perform the roughening treatment so that the surface roughness Ra of the light emitting surface 2c is 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. In this way, the occurrence of total reflection on the light emitting surface 2c can be effectively suppressed.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 300 shown in FIG. 13 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, the semiconductor light emitting device 300 is formed in a region between the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11, more specifically, in a region between the two-dimensional diffraction grating formed in the semiconductor layer 2 and the pasting layer 15. Includes a reflective film 16 made of a metal material that reflects light emitted from the light source. The semiconductor light emitting element 300 is different from the semiconductor light emitting element 100 in the above points.
- “reflecting” refers to reflecting light having a wavelength that is incident on the reflecting film 16 and emitted from the light emitting layer with a reflectance of 80% or more.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 300 includes the reflective film 16 on the lower side of the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the semiconductor layer 2 (the support substrate 11 side), the light emitting layer emits light. If the light that has entered the direction attempts to enter the support substrate 11 from the adhesive layer 15 by diffraction, the light can be reflected by the reflective film 16. In order to change the light traveling direction from the downward direction to the upward direction in FIG. 13 by reflection, the efficiency with which light is emitted from the light emitting surface 2b can be increased, and the intensity with which light is output from the light emitting surface 2b in a specific direction can be further increased. .
- the reflective film 16 is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, copper, and chromium.
- the reflective film 16 made of these metal materials can reflect, for example, infrared rays or visible light emitted from the light emitting layer with a high reflectance of 80% or more.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 300 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, as described above, since the semiconductor light emitting device 300 includes the reflective film 16, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 300 includes a step of forming the reflective film 16 in addition to the method of manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 300 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 300, the step of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating in FIG. 2 (S30) is performed, and after the formation of the embodiment shown in FIG. A reflective film 16 made of a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, copper, and chromium is formed on 2a using, for example, vacuum deposition.
- the thickness of the reflective film 16 in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. In this way, light can be effectively reflected by the reflective film 16.
- the bonding layer 15 is formed on the main surface that does not face the semiconductor layer 2 of the formed reflective film 16 or on the main surface that faces the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11, similarly to the above-described bonding step (S 40), the bonding layer 15 is formed.
- the AuSn solder was not supplied either on the main surface of the reflective film 16 formed on the main surface not facing the semiconductor layer 2 or on the main surface facing the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11.
- the main surface of the reflective film 16 formed on the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2 and the main surface of the support substrate 11 are bonded together via AuSn solder, and the solder is melted by heating. Then, the support substrate 11 and the semiconductor layer 2 are connected.
- the affixing layer 15 made of AuSn solder is formed.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 300 shown in FIG. 13 is formed by performing a process of removing the substrate 1 and forming electrodes. In the above points, the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 300 is different from the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in each point described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the second embodiment are all in accordance with the first embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 400 shown in FIG. 15 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the semiconductor light emitting device 400, the same material as the transparent conductive film 4 filling the plurality of recesses 3 constituting the semiconductor layer 2 (two-dimensional diffraction grating) is formed on the outermost surface 2a on which the two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed. A transparent conductive film 5 is formed throughout. In this respect, the semiconductor light emitting device 400 is different from the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the material constituting the transparent conductive film 5 may be disposed only as the transparent conductive film 4 filling the recesses 3 of the two-dimensional diffraction grating, like the semiconductor light emitting device 100. However, like the semiconductor light emitting device 400, in addition to the transparent conductive film 4 filling the recess 3 of the two-dimensional diffraction grating, the transparent conductive film 5 may be disposed so as to cover the entire surface of the laminated outermost surface 2a. If it does in this way, since it joins so that the main surface of the affixing layer 15 and the main surface of the transparent conductive film 5 may oppose, the main surface of the affixing layer 15 is only the main surface of the transparent conductive film 5 in the said area
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 400 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 400, a process for forming the transparent conductive film 5 is added to the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the transparent conductive film 4 and the transparent conductive film 5 are formed as shown in FIG.
- the transparent conductive film 5 is preferably formed so as to cover the entire surface of the laminated outermost surface 2a, that is, both the region where the recess 3 is filled with the transparent conductive film 4 and the region where the recess 3 is not formed.
- the material constituting the transparent conductive film 5 is preferably the same as the material constituting the transparent conductive film 4 filling the recess 3. Therefore, the transparent conductive film 5 forms the transparent conductive film 4 by filling the plurality of concave portions 3 arranged on the laminated outermost surface 2a with the filling material in the step (S30) of FIG. Of these, the same material as the filling material is simultaneously disposed in the region where the recess 3 does not exist, so that the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the support substrate 11 is bonded to the semiconductor layer 2 using the bonding layer 15 to form the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor light emitting element 400 shown in FIG. 15 is formed by removing the substrate 1 and forming an electrode.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 400 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in the above points.
- the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in each point described above. In other words, all the configurations, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above in the third embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 500 shown in FIG. 18 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 400 shown in FIG. However, the semiconductor light emitting device 500 is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11, more specifically between the transparent conductive film 5 and the adhesive layer 15, as in the semiconductor light emitting device 300 shown in FIG. 2.
- the region includes a reflective film 16 made of a metal material that reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer.
- the semiconductor light emitting element 500 is different from the semiconductor light emitting element 400 in the above points.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 500 is provided with the reflective film 16 to increase the efficiency of light emitted from the light emitting surface 2b and to increase the intensity of outputting light from the light emitting surface 2b in a specific direction. Can be increased.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 500 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 400 described above. However, as described above, since the semiconductor light emitting element 500 includes the reflective film 16, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting element 500 includes a step of forming the reflective film 16 in addition to the method of manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting element 400.
- the step (S30) of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating in FIG. 2 was performed to form the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the reflective film 16 composed of: is formed using, for example, vacuum deposition.
- the bonding layer 15 is formed on the main surface that does not face the semiconductor layer 2 of the formed reflective film 16 or on the main surface that faces the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11, similarly to the above-described bonding step (S 40), the bonding layer 15 is formed.
- AuSn solder is supplied.
- the AuSn solder is not supplied either on the main surface of the reflective film 16 that does not oppose the semiconductor layer 2 or on the main surface of the support substrate 11 that opposes the semiconductor layer 2. To supply. Then, by heating up to the melting point of AuSn or higher, a eutectic reaction is caused between the supplied AuSn and Au, and both are joined. In this way, an adhesive layer 15 as shown in FIG. 19 is formed.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 500 shown in FIG. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 500 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 400 in the above points.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment only in each point described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the fourth embodiment are all in accordance with the third embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 600 shown in FIG. 20 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the semiconductor light emitting device 600, the plurality of recesses 3 constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating form the air holes 6 filled with air. The semiconductor light emitting device 600 is different from the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in the above points.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 600 constitutes a two-dimensional diffraction grating in which air and a semiconductor material are periodically arranged on the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2. Even in this case, with respect to the direction along the main surface of the semiconductor layer 2, the light emitted from the light emitting layer is diffracted under a desired condition due to the difference in refractive index between air and the semiconductor material. Can be output. Note that, in the region along the main surface where the two-dimensional diffraction grating is arranged in the photonic crystal layer of the semiconductor light emitting device 600, the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21 are formed in the portion where the air holes 6 exist. Conduction between them is interrupted.
- the region between the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21 is formed in a region made of a semiconductor material constituting the photonic crystal layer (a region other than the region where the air holes 6 are present). It is possible to conduct. For this reason, the semiconductor light emitting device 600 as a whole can conduct between the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21. From the above, even if the plurality of recesses 3 are filled with the dielectric film 7, the normal operation of the semiconductor light emitting device 600 is not hindered.
- step (S30) of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light-emitting element 100 for example, by forming the air holes 6 in which the plurality of concave portions 3 of the two-dimensional diffraction grating are filled with air as in the semiconductor light-emitting element 600.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 600 can shorten the tact time of production and reduce the material cost as compared with the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100, for example. Therefore, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 600 can reduce the processing cost.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 600 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 600, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 is slightly different in the step of preparing the support substrate shown in FIG. 2 (S20) and the step of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating (S30). There is a difference. In the step of preparing the support substrate (S20), as shown in FIG. 21, the ohmic layer capable of being in ohmic contact with the support substrate 11 on one main surface of the support substrate 11, and the semiconductor light emitting device 100 described above. And a layer made of AuSn similar to the above.
- an ohmic layer that can be ohmically connected to the semiconductor layer 2 in a region where the concave portion 3 is not formed in the stacked outermost surface 2a of the semiconductor layer 2, and Au similar to the semiconductor light emitting device 100 described above.
- a thin film layer is formed. After these are formed, as shown in FIG. 21, the support substrate 11 and the semiconductor layer 2 are bonded together in the same manner as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 described above.
- the ohmic layer in contact with the semiconductor layer 2 it is preferable to use a thin film having a laminated structure of, for example, Au / Zn / Ti / Au, but a thin film made of, for example, an AuBe alloy may be formed.
- the bonding layer 17 is made of an ohmic layer composed of two metal layers. By forming the junction, it is possible to sufficiently conduct the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22 in the region of the semiconductor material constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating.
- the plurality of recesses 3 having the mode shown in FIG. 5 are formed, but no filling material is introduced into the recesses 3. .
- the bonding step (S40) the outermost surface 2a of the semiconductor layer 2 shown in FIG. 5 and the main surface of the bonding layer 17 formed on the support substrate 11 are shown in FIG. 21 in the air. Join. In this way, the inside of the plurality of recesses 3 covered with the bonding layer 17 can be filled with air.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 600 shown in FIG. 20 is formed by performing a process of removing the substrate 1 and forming electrodes. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 600 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in the above points.
- the fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in each point described above. In other words, all the configurations, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above in the fifth embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 700 shown in FIG. 22 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 100 shown in FIG. However, in the semiconductor light emitting device 700, the filling material filling the plurality of recesses 3 constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating is the dielectric film 7. The semiconductor light emitting device 700 is different from the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in the above points.
- the dielectric film 7 is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, lithium fluoride, and zirconium oxide. Since these materials are transparent to light having a wavelength emitted by the light emitting layer, if these materials are used as materials constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating, light can be diffracted smoothly in the two-dimensional diffraction grating. Can do.
- the transparent conductive film 4 is used as a filling material for filling the plurality of recesses 3 as in the above-described embodiments
- the light-emitting layer is transparent to infrared rays and visible light emitted and has conductivity. Is preferably used. For this reason, the selection range of the material which can be used for the transparent conductive film 4 and the transparent conductive film 5 is narrow. Therefore, as in the semiconductor light emitting device 700 of the sixth embodiment, the plurality of recesses 3 are filled with a dielectric film 7 made of a dielectric material. In this way, the range of selection of the material that fills the plurality of recesses 3 can be expanded.
- the presence of the dielectric film 7 causes a gap between the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21. Is interrupted.
- conduction can be established between the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21 in a region made of a semiconductor material constituting the photonic crystal layer. For this reason, the semiconductor light emitting device 700 as a whole can be electrically connected between the n-side electrode 22 and the p-side electrode 21. From the above, even if the plurality of recesses 3 are filled with the dielectric film 7, the normal operation of the semiconductor light emitting device 700 is not hindered.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 700 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 described above. However, as described above, the semiconductor light emitting device 700 is different from the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in that the dielectric film 7 is filled in the plurality of recesses 3 as shown in FIG. Therefore, in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 700, after forming the above-described embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in the step (S30) of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating in FIG. By filling the body film 7, the structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 23 is formed. When filling the dielectric film 7 into the plurality of recesses 3, any conventionally known arbitrary method can be used as a method of forming the dielectric film 7.
- the semiconductor layer 2 and the support substrate 11 are bonded using the bonding layer 15 made of AuSn, as in FIG. 11 in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 100.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 700 shown in FIG. 22 is formed by performing the process of removing the substrate 1 and forming electrodes. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 700 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 100 in the above points.
- the sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the points described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the sixth embodiment are all in accordance with the first embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 800 shown in FIG. 25 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 700 shown in FIG. However, like the semiconductor light emitting device 300 shown in FIG. 2, the semiconductor light emitting device 800 is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer 2 (two-dimensional diffraction grating) and the support substrate 11, more specifically, the transparent conductive film 5 and the bonding layer. 15 includes a reflective film 16 made of a metal material that reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer. The semiconductor light emitting element 800 is different from the semiconductor light emitting element 700 in the above points.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 800 is provided with the reflective film 16, thereby improving the efficiency of light emitted from the light emitting surface 2b and increasing the intensity of outputting light from the light emitting surface 2b in a specific direction. Can be increased.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 800 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 700 described above. However, as described above, since the semiconductor light emitting element 800 includes the reflective film 16, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting element 800 includes a process of forming the reflective film 16 in addition to the method of manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting element 700.
- the reflective film 16 made of a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of copper and chromium is formed using, for example, vacuum deposition. Thereafter, on the main surface of the formed reflective film 16 that does not face the semiconductor layer 2 or on the main surface that faces the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11, similarly to the above-described bonding step (S 40), the sticking layer 15. A AuSn solder is supplied to form the film.
- the AuSn solder was not supplied either on the main surface of the reflective film 16 formed on the main surface not facing the semiconductor layer 2 or on the main surface facing the semiconductor layer 2 of the support substrate 11. To supply. Then, as shown in FIG. 26, the main surface of the reflective film 16 formed on the main surface of the transparent conductive film 5 and the main surface of the support substrate 11 are bonded together with AuSn solder, and the bonding layer 15 is formed by heating. Form.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 800 shown in FIG. 25 is formed by performing a process of removing the substrate 1 and forming electrodes. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 800 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 700 in the above points.
- the seventh embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment only in each point described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the seventh embodiment are all in accordance with the sixth embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 900 shown in FIG. 27 includes a transparent support substrate 12 that is transparent to the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting layer, as a support substrate for supporting the semiconductor layer 2.
- the laminated outermost surface 2 a of the semiconductor layer 2 and the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12 are joined by a transparent adhesive layer 8.
- the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12 that does not face the semiconductor layer 2 is defined as a main surface 12b.
- Both the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22 are formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer 2 (p-type semiconductor layer surface 2d, n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e).
- any of the semiconductor light emitting devices in the first to seventh embodiments described above a material that is opaque to the light emitted as the support substrate 11 is used. Therefore, the main surface (the upper main surface in each figure) of the semiconductor layer 2 that does not face the support substrate 11 is used as the light emitting surface 2b.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 900 a material transparent to light emitted as the support substrate is used. Therefore, the n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e that does not face the transparent support substrate 12 can be a light emitting surface, or the main surface 12b of the transparent support substrate 12 can be a light emitting surface. For this reason, the freedom degree of design of a semiconductor light-emitting device can be increased.
- the main surface 12b of the transparent support substrate 12 is fixed to the lead frame with silver paste. In this way, light traveling from the light emitting layer to the main surface 12b side is reflected by the silver paste and output from the n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e, so that the intensity of light output can be increased. Since the material constituting the transparent support substrate 12 is poor in conductivity, both the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22 are formed on the semiconductor layer 2 side in the semiconductor light emitting device 900.
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer of the semiconductor layer 2 may reach the transparent support substrate 12 through the transparent adhesive layer 8 and be output from the main surface 12b. Moreover, it is good also as a structure reflected by the silver paste apply
- the transparent adhesive layer 8 is transparent to the light emitted from the light emitting layer, and at the same time has an adhesive property capable of joining the outermost surface 2a of the semiconductor layer 2 and the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12. It is preferable to use the material which has. In this way, the transparent adhesive layer 8 can have a role of transmitting the light emitted from the light emitting layer and a role of joining the semiconductor layer 2 and the transparent support substrate 12.
- the plurality of recesses 3 constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the semiconductor light emitting device 900 are filled with the same material as that constituting the transparent adhesive layer 8. Thereby, the emitted light can be diffracted in the transparent adhesive layer 8 filling the concave portions 3 of the two-dimensional diffraction grating, and the light traveling method can be guided in a desired direction (direction of the transparent support substrate 12).
- the transparent adhesive material used as the transparent adhesive layer 8 is composed of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide (PI), epoxy, silicone, and perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB). preferable.
- PI polyimide
- PFCB perfluorocyclobutane
- the above-mentioned transparent adhesive material is used only as a filling material for the plurality of recesses 3, and other materials are used for the layer that joins the outermost surface 2 a of the semiconductor layer 2 and the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12. Also good.
- the transparent support substrate 12 is preferably made of a material including at least one selected from the group consisting of sapphire, gallium phosphide, quartz, and spinel. If these materials are used for the transparent support substrate 12, the light emitted from the semiconductor layer 2 can be transmitted to the transparent support substrate 12 beyond the transparent adhesive layer 8, and the light can be output from the main surface 12b with high efficiency. it can. Further, when silver paste is applied and fixed to the lead frame, light can be reflected by the silver paste and the light can be output from the n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e with high efficiency.
- the transparent support substrate 12 is a support substrate made of sapphire. Since the semiconductor light emitting device 900 is operated by conducting between the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22, the transparent adhesive layer 8 and the transparent support substrate 12 may be made of a material having no conductivity. Good.
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer travels toward the main surface 12b of the transparent support substrate 12. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 27, the two-dimensional diffraction grating having the function of diffracting the emitted light has a bonding interface region on the semiconductor layer 2 side (from the main surface bonded to the transparent adhesive layer 8 of the semiconductor layer 2 to the semiconductor). You may form in the area
- the main surface on which the two-dimensional diffraction grating is formed in the semiconductor layer 2 is the transparent adhesive layer 8 as in the semiconductor light emitting devices of the first to seventh embodiments. Are arranged to face each other. Therefore, the two-dimensional diffraction grating is not formed on the main surface 12b which is the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12, the p-type semiconductor layer surface 2d and the n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e where the electrodes are arranged. For this reason, a two-dimensional diffraction grating can be formed on the entire main surface.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 900 also basically follows the procedure shown in FIG. In the step of forming a semiconductor layer (S10), the semiconductor layer 2 shown in FIG. 4 described above is formed. In the step of preparing the support substrate (S20), as described above, in the case of the semiconductor light emitting device 900, the transparent support substrate 12 made of sapphire is prepared.
- a plurality of recesses 3 are formed on the main surface of the laminated outermost surface 2a of the semiconductor layer 2.
- the plurality of recesses 3 may be formed on one main surface of the transparent support substrate 12.
- the concave portion 3 is filled with the transparent adhesive layer 8 after forming the above-described embodiment shown in FIG.
- a transparent adhesive material for forming the transparent adhesive layer 8 is disposed so as to cover the outermost surface of the two-dimensional diffraction grating including the recess 3.
- the following uses the transparent adhesive layer 8 disposed so as to cover the entire surface of the two-dimensional diffraction grating in place of the adhesive layer 15 in the attaching step (S40) in the same manner as in the method for manufacturing each semiconductor light emitting element described above. Then, the semiconductor layer 2 and the transparent support substrate 12 are joined. In this way, the embodiment shown in FIG. 28 is formed.
- the substrate 1 is removed.
- the semiconductor layer 2 is partially removed as shown in FIG. 27 before the p-side electrode 21 and the n-side electrode 22 are formed by, for example, vacuum deposition. .
- the transparent support substrate 12 does not have conductivity, and thus an electrode needs to be formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer 2.
- the side close to the transparent support substrate 12 is separated from the transparent support substrate 12, a region made of a p-type semiconductor material such as a p-type cladding layer.
- the side (the upper side in FIG. 27) is a region made of an n-type semiconductor material such as an n-type cladding layer.
- etching is performed so that the p-type cladding layer is exposed in a part of the semiconductor layer 2 (on the right side in FIG. 27).
- the p-side electrode 21 can be formed on the surface of the exposed region (p-type semiconductor layer surface 2d) by, for example, vacuum deposition, and the etching is performed on the outermost surface of the semiconductor layer 2.
- the n-side electrode 22 can be formed by, for example, vacuum deposition on the surface (n-type semiconductor layer surface 2e) of the region that has not been present.
- the semiconductor light emitting device 900 shown in FIG. 27 is formed by the above procedure.
- the eighth embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in each point described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the eighth embodiment are all in accordance with the first embodiment.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 999 shown in FIG. 29 has basically the same mode as the semiconductor light emitting device 900 shown in FIG. However, in the semiconductor light emitting device 999, a plurality of concave portions 3 constituting a two-dimensional diffraction grating form air holes 6 filled with air. The semiconductor light emitting element 999 is different from the semiconductor light emitting element 900 in the above points.
- the area where the transparent adhesive layer 8 is disposed can be reduced as compared with the semiconductor light emitting element 900, so that the processing cost can be reduced. it can.
- an adhesive layer 15 may be used in place of the transparent adhesive layer 8 as a material for joining the laminated outermost surface 2a of the semiconductor layer 2 and the main surface of the transparent support substrate 12.
- the light emission surface is the outermost surface side of the semiconductor layer 2 on which the n-side electrode 22 and the like are formed.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 999 is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 900 described above.
- the plurality of recesses 3 constituting the two-dimensional diffraction grating of the semiconductor light emitting device 999 form air holes 6. Therefore, in the step of forming the two-dimensional diffraction grating (S30), the step of bonding (S40) in the air without performing the process of filling the plurality of recesses 3 with the transparent adhesive material for forming the transparent adhesive layer 8 is performed. To do. In this way, what has the aspect as shown in FIG. 30 is formed. Thereafter, the same processing as in the method for manufacturing the semiconductor light emitting device 900 is performed.
- FIG. 30 differs from FIG. 28 only in that the recess 3 forms the air hole 6.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 999 is different from the manufacturing method of the semiconductor light emitting device 900.
- the ninth embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment only in each point described above. That is, the configuration, conditions, procedures, effects, and the like that have not been described above for the ninth embodiment are all in accordance with the eighth embodiment.
- a roughening process is performed on the light emitting surface to obtain a rough surface.
- a process of increasing the degree Ra may be performed.
- the present invention is particularly excellent as a technique capable of improving the efficiency of outputting light emitted from a semiconductor light emitting device.
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Abstract
Description
0.2λ≦a≦10λの関係が成立することが好ましい。
図1に示す半導体発光素子100は、発光層を含む半導体層2と、半導体発光素子100全体を支持する支持基板11と、半導体層2の一方の主表面(図1における半導体層2の下側の主表面)と支持基板11の一方の主表面(図1における支持基板11の上側の主表面)とを接合する貼付け層15との積層構造となっている。ここで、半導体層2の下側の主表面(貼付け層15と対向する主表面)の、貼付け層15との接合界面領域には、2次元回折格子を有する。この2次元回折格子は半導体層2を構成する半導体材料と、凹部3に充填された透明導電膜4とが周期的に配置され、半導体層2の主表面に沿った方向に形成されている。そして、積層構造の最表面の主表面上にはp側電極21およびn側電極22が形成されている。
図13に示す半導体発光素子300は、図1に示す半導体発光素子100と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子300は、半導体層2と支持基板11とに挟まれた、より具体的には半導体層2に形成された2次元回折格子と貼付け層15とに挟まれた領域に、発光層が発光する光を反射する金属材料からなる反射膜16を含んでいる。以上の点において、半導体発光素子300は半導体発光素子100と異なる。なお、ここでは反射とは、当該反射膜16に入射した、発光層が発光する波長の光を80%以上の反射率にて反射することをいう。
図15に示す半導体発光素子400は、図1に示す半導体発光素子100と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子400は、半導体層2(2次元回折格子)を構成する複数の凹部3を充填する透明導電膜4と同一の材料が、2次元回折格子が形成された積層最表面2a上の全体に配置され、透明導電膜5を形成している。この点において、半導体発光素子400は半導体発光素子100と異なる。
図18に示す半導体発光素子500は、図3に示す半導体発光素子400と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子500は、図2に示す半導体発光素子300と同様に、半導体層2と支持基板11とに挟まれた、より具体的には透明導電膜5と貼付け層15とに挟まれた領域に、発光層が発光する光を反射する金属材料からなる反射膜16を含んでいる。以上の点において、半導体発光素子500は半導体発光素子400と異なる。
図20に示す半導体発光素子600は、図1に示す半導体発光素子100と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子600においては、2次元回折格子を構成する複数の凹部3が空気で充填された空気孔6を形成している。以上の点において、半導体発光素子600は半導体発光素子100とは異なる。
図22に示す半導体発光素子700は、図1に示す半導体発光素子100と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子700においては、2次元回折格子を構成する複数の凹部3を充填する充填材料が誘電体膜7となっている。以上の点において、半導体発光素子700は半導体発光素子100とは異なる。
図25に示す半導体発光素子800は、図22に示す半導体発光素子700と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子800は、図2に示す半導体発光素子300と同様に、半導体層2(2次元回折格子)と支持基板11とに挟まれた、より具体的には透明導電膜5と貼付け層15とに挟まれた領域に、発光層が発光する光を反射する金属材料からなる反射膜16を含んでいる。以上の点において、半導体発光素子800は半導体発光素子700と異なる。
図27に示す半導体発光素子900は、半導体層2を支持するための支持基板として、発光層が発光する光の波長に対して透明な透明支持基板12を備えている。半導体層2の積層最表面2aと透明支持基板12の主表面とは、透明接着層8により接合されている。透明支持基板12の、半導体層2と対向しない側の主表面(図27における下側の主表面)を主表面12bとする。そして、p側電極21、n側電極22ともに、半導体層2の表面上(p型半導体層表面2d、n型半導体層表面2e)に形成されている。
図29に示す半導体発光素子999は、図27に示す半導体発光素子900と基本的に同様の態様を備えている。しかし半導体発光素子999においては、2次元回折格子を構成する複数の凹部3が空気で充填された空気孔6を形成している。以上の点において、半導体発光素子999は半導体発光素子900とは異なる。
Claims (21)
- 発光層を含む半導体層と、
前記半導体層を支持するための支持基板と、
前記半導体層の主表面と前記支持基板の主表面とを接合する貼付け層とを備え、
前記半導体層の前記貼付け層と対向する主表面または前記支持基板の前記貼付け層と対向する主表面の少なくともいずれか一方の、前記貼付け層との接合界面領域に、屈折率の異なる少なくとも2種類の物質が周期的に配置されることによる2次元回折格子が形成された、半導体発光素子。 - 前記2次元回折格子を形成する前記物質は、
前記半導体層を構成する半導体材料と、
前記半導体層の前記表面において周期的に形成された複数の凹部を充填する充填材料とを含む、請求項1に記載の半導体発光素子。 - 前記充填材料は、前記半導体材料とオーミック接触し、前記発光層が発光する光を透過するとともに導電性を有する透明材料である、請求項2に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記透明材料は、酸化インジウムと酸化スズとの混合物、アルミニウム原子を含む酸化亜鉛、フッ素原子を含む酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛、セレン化亜鉛、酸化ガリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項3に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記充填材料は誘電体膜である、請求項2に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記誘電体膜は酸化シリコン、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化バリウム、フッ化リチウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項5に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記2次元回折格子と前記支持基板とに挟まれた領域に、前記発光層が発光する光を反射する金属材料からなる反射膜を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記反射膜は、アルミニウム、金、白金、銀、銅、クロムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項7に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記充填材料は空気である、請求項2に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記支持基板は導電性を有する導電性支持基板である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記導電性支持基板はシリコン、ガリウム砒素、炭化珪素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項10に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記充填材料は、前記半導体層および前記支持基板に対して接着性を有し、前記発光層が発光する光を透過する透明接着性材料である、請求項2に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記透明接着性材料はポリイミド、エポキシ、シリコーン、過フルオロシクロブタンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項12に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記支持基板はサファイア、ガリウムリン、石英、スピネルからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む材質から構成される、請求項12または13に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記発光層の組成は、AlxGayIn(1-x-y)As、AlxGayIn(1-x-y)P、AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N、InxGa(1-x)AsyP(1-y)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記2次元回折格子は、屈折率の異なる2種類の前記物質が正方格子をなすように配置されている、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記2次元回折格子は、屈折率の異なる2種類の前記物質が三角格子をなすように配置されている、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記発光層が発光する光の波長をλ、前記正方格子または前記三角格子の、前記半導体層の主表面上における格子定数をaとすれば、
0.2λ≦a≦10λの関係が成立する、請求項16または17に記載の半導体発光素子。 - 前記半導体層の主表面に垂直な方向における前記2次元回折格子の厚みをdとすれば、0.1λ≦d≦5λの関係が成立する、請求項18に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 前記発光層が発光する光の波長λが400nm以上2μm以下、前記格子定数aが80nm以上20μm以下、前記厚みdが40nm以上10μm以下である、請求項16~19のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光素子。
- 半導体基板の表面に半導体層を形成する工程と、
前記半導体層を支持するための支持基板を準備する工程と、
前記半導体層の表面または前記支持基板の表面の少なくともいずれか一方に2次元回折格子を形成する工程と、
前記半導体層の表面と前記支持基板の表面とを貼り合わせる工程と、
前記半導体基板を除去する工程とを備える、半導体発光素子の製造方法。
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US20110012160A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
TW201034240A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN101981712A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
JP2010177354A (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
EP2383801A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
KR20110102809A (ko) | 2011-09-19 |
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