Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
  • E04B5/328—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements the filling elements being spherical

Definitions

• the invention relates to the design and implementation of series of displacement volumes in three-dimensional construction members of composite materials placed in an exact uniform geometrical grid determined and fixed by a spacing system integrated in a three-dimensional steel structure, flexible forming in arbitrary direction with regards to curvature and angles
• Patent [EP0552201] also describes ways of creating complete voids from partials of spheres / ellipsoids, but does not come with a solution to the strength related problem for voids assembled by partials of spheres.
• JP2006152657 describes a lightweight embedding material, a lightweight embedding material structure and a formation device of the lightweight embedding material capable of being economically manufactured by one moulding type.
• the major setback from this design is the lack of ability for stacking due to the stabilizing interlocker. Hence this expensive design will be even more costly due to expensive transport costs (of air).
• the present invention creates enhanced flexibility, thereby enabling incorporation of the system in a far broader range of applications in the fields of composite materials for use in all building members and civil constructions like walls, slab on ground, floating foundations, coastal protection and roads, flexible forming in arbitrary direction with regards to curvature and angles, thus meeting the markets increased demands for flexibility and precise assembly as well as increased range of applicability and possibilities.
• the present invention solves several existing problems concerning displacement volumes in structural members relating to strength, transport and assembly, thereby obtaining a cost effective quality product with regards to material reduction, reduced transport and precise assembly.
• the present invention describes a displacement system, consisting of series of displacement volumes placed in an exact uniform geometrical grid determined by a spacing system integrated in composite members through a geometrical locking system in form of special designed three-dimensional steel structures, securing fast and precise implementation, and designed to ensure integrity and to increase shear strength of the present composite member.
• the present invention also describes a method for practical execution of said displacement system.
• the present invention comprises a displacement system, which solves several existing problems concerning displacement volumes in composite members concerning flexibility, thereby enabling incorporation of the system in a far broader range of applications
• the present invention further solves several existing problems relating to strength, transport and assembly, thereby obtaining a cost effective quality product with regards to material reduction, reduced transport and precise assembly.
• This invention enables the exact geometrical placement of said volumes and steel, through the implementation of a spacing system integrating displacement volumes in a three-dimensional steel structure.
• the exact position of the displacement volumes can either be controlled by a spacing system integrated in the volumes, or by an external spacing system controlling the volumes.
• the specific design/method using series of displacement volumes solves the strength related problems for displacement volumes assembled by partial bodies.
• the contact line between two shells of partial bodies is a very week point, and prone to break open when load is imposed parallel to the contact line. In reality, this force will always be vertical due to gravitation, coming from stacking, workers, equipment and related items.
• This is solved by the present method, where the contact line is controlled / fixed in a horizontal position, hence never exposed to forces parallel to the contact line.
• Another positive side effect of the controlling of position is material reduction compared to singular displacement volumes made of partial bodies why the system reduces the amount of steel needed to fix the displacement volumes in their preferred position.
• the displacement volumes can be made of preferably recycled / waste products such as plastic, or fibre-material, and can be of any specific form, from partial shells to complete and final displacement volumes of any form.
• Displacement volumes integrated in special designed three-dimensional steel structure gives enhanced flexibility concerning handling, forming and strength.
• the material in the steel structures is fully valid for giving strength when incorporated in members of hardening material and for securing integrity within the construction member, Hence, no superfluous material is used.
• the steel structures are made by standard material and by standard methods, and can be calculated by standard methods with regards to bending strength.
• the special spacing system gives enhanced flexibility in forming the desired building member. It can be executed vertically, horizontally or slanted allowing for curved walls and roofs, as well as slab on ground following the contour lines of the terrain.
• displacement volumes and lattice structures in building members can be executed with supplementary reinforcement meshes on one or more sides of the displacement-lattice.
• the displacement system can be integrated in composite building members where one or more of the sides are furnished with a plate of either a non-hardening or a hardening material.
• the full and final building member is obtained by adding one or several other layers of non-hardening and/or hardening material.
• a plate of non-hardening material can be directly connected to the three-dimensional steel structure by welding or standard anchoring methods.
• the three-dimensional steel structure can be partly or fully integrated in a plate of hardening material by means of bonding.
• the placing of non-hardening material and/or casting of hardening material can be done either on factory or on the building site.
• the displacement volumes can have a small gap larger than zero mm in relation to the rods in the three-dimensional steel structure thus allowing the bodies to act as imposed vibrators upon normal vibrating of the hardening material if said three-dimensional steel structure is to be integrated in a building member of any hardening material, in order to achieve a faster and better vibrating of the hardening material.
• the placement of the hardening material must be done skilfully in sequences as the geometry and weight of the displacement system combined with the adhesion between the hardening material and the specially designed three-dimensional steel structure allows for a first layer of hardening material being cast to a distance covering up to 10 % of the displacement volumes height without the floating ability of the displacement volumes exceeds the adhesion effect and frictional resistance of the steel structure.
• the special three-dimensional steel structure can be designed and skilfully placed in a first layer of hardening material to provide essential resistance for bonding between a first and a second layer of hardening material, hence ensuring integrity in the composite member. Furthermore, the special three-dimensional steel structure can be designed to provide adequate resistance towards shear forces, whether the construction member is used as a vertical or horizontal structure.
• the flexibility in the system allows for incorporating a range of different materials in composite members, thereby obtaining advantageous characteristics.
• the volumes In addition to the material reduction caused by the displacement volumes, the volumes contain air, which behaves as insulation. This effect can be increased by adding a layer of material with insulation effect between the displacement volumes in the middle of a composite member. Adding such a layer of material with high insulation, either a soft density material or a hardening material, can be executed either by pouring or spraying or pressing said material into between the displacement volumes, or by pressing the displacement system into the insulation layer, depending on manufacturing preferences.
• the flexibility of the displacement system is ideal for slab on ground and earth protection.
• the system allows for incorporation of materials in layers optimal for acting as membrane towards moisture and temperature insulation.
• a slab on ground will generally consist of layers with three main characteristics.
• the lowest layer should act as sealing layer to prevent capillary action, next an insulation layer either hardening or non- hardening, followed by an upper hard surface acting as basement layer for the construction.
• the displacement system can be integrated with the displacement volumes forming part of the insulation layer.
• the insulation layer could be made by, but not limited to, either hardening foam directly sprayed into the displacement system or plates of a softer insulation material pressed skilfully into the displacement system from both sides.
• the displacement system can be executed with varying degrees of prefabrication.
• the semi prefabricated part will then be pressed into the sealing layer on site.
• the three-dimensional steel structure secures integrity between the layers.
• the displacement system can be integrated in a hardening material, especially useful with low cost solidification/stabilisation systems, for use in all types of slab on ground, including but not limited to, roads and coastal protection. For roads, a layer of bitumen can be added, as the hardening material with the integrated three-dimensional steel structure provides for a sufficiently stiff and stable base.
• This type of road is especially relevant in areas prone to severe rain/flooding, which can erode the road if base carried out of loose sand/gravel/stone.
• the flexibility of the system allows for a stable covering following the contour lines of the terrain constituting the coastal protection. Following contour lines involves casting of a hardening material on slanted surfaces. This is made less complicated with the present invention since the displacement volumes enable the hardening material to set to a far higher degree than without displacement volumes instead of being dragged by gravity towards lower vertical levels.
• thermo tropic crystals fixed by the steel structure.
• Thermo tropic crystals transform into liquid phase in case of heating and can be used both in relation to temperature regulation and for design reasons.
• Controlling the position of the displacement system can be done en several ways, but one method is more practical than others.
• the displacement system is placed, with or without spacers, on a given surface, or partially pressed into a relatively soft material, and with or without fixing means between the displacement system and the layer of a material.
• a flowing form of a hardening material is gently and skilfully distributed above said displacement system, so as this flowing material is carefully positioned in a specific height ranging from the given surface, covering a predefined part of the displacement system, so a combination of vertical force and frictional resistance between the displacement system and the hardening material prevents the displacement system from floating due to up drift on the displacement system from the hardening material.
• the layer of hardening material can be vibrated by normal means.
• the displacement volumes will react upon any vibrating of the hardening material as they are in direct contact with said hardening material, hence acting as imposed vibrators.
• the three-dimensional steel structure is designed to be fixed in all present rigid layers enabling full coherence in the final building member comprising the layers and the three- dimensional steel structure.
• Fig 1 is showing two series (105) of shells (100), each in the shape of partials of full displacement volumes (108) (normally partials of spheres / ellipsoids), designed to assemble one and one to create relevant series (110) of full displacement volumes.
• the partial displacement volumes are dislocated by a spacing system (120).
• the brim (130) of the partial displacement volumes is designed as to enable the two partial shells to assemble tight to each other to make a stable joint.
• Male portions or latches (135) extrudes from the brim, designed to connect and fasten into female portions or openings (136) in brim (130) of corresponding shell (100) together creating a full and final displacement volume (108).
• Fig 2 is showing one series (105) of shells (100), designed to assembly by bending one half of the series (105) in the hinges (137) to create series (1 10) of full displacement volumes (108).
• Fig 3 is showing the incorporation of a rim (140) designed so as to be assembled between two partial shells (100), all three parts interlocking to a full displacement volume - individual or as series.
• the rim (140) can either be individual or part of series (150) of rims.
• the rim (140) can be designed to act as a reinforcing rim strengthening the completed full displacement volume (108).
• Fig 4 is showing the incorporation of series (150) of rims interlocking two or more series (105) of shells, together coupling multiple displacement volumes (108).
• Fig 5 is showing the series (1 10) integrated as part of a fixed, geometrical structure together with lattice structures (220), normally made of steel, but not limited to steel, composed by longitudinal steel (200) and angular steel (205).
• the lattice structures are designed so the displacement volumes (108) fit in the openings in the angular steel (205), thereby fixing the displacement volumes (108) in the lattice structures (220).
• Longitudinal steel (210) can be connected to the angular steel (205) to control the movement between the displacement volumes (108) and the lattice structures (220).
• the series (110) of displacement volumes (108) and the lattice structures (220) can be linked for practical reasons through two or more connectors (230) made of steel or other material. These connectors (230) can placed anywhere on the lattice structures (220), and can be coupling two or more lattice structures (220) in transverse direction.
• the connectors are normally made of steel, but not limited to steel.
• Fig 6 is showing the series (1 10) integrated as part of a fixed, geometrical structure together with special lattice structures (240), normally made of steel, but not limited to steel, enabling a change in angle between series of bodies (110).
• Fig 7 is showing the series (1 10) integrated as part of a special welded, three- dimensional structure (250) consisting of two or more lattice structures (220) connected with curved connectors (230) enabling a curvature in the plan through the series of bodies (110).
• Fig 8 is showing the series (1 10) integrated as part of a fixed, three-dimensional structure (250) together with lattice structures (220), normally made of steel, but not limited to steel, where one or several sides of the structure is furnished with a plate of, normally but not limited to, non-hardening material like metal (fixed directly to the structure (250) by welding or standard anchoring methods) or a hardening material (300) (fixed to the three-dimensional structure (250) by hardening/adhesion)
• Fig 9 is showing the three-dimensional displacement system (250) integrated in a slab on ground system.
• the lowest layer (330) in vertical direction should act as sealing layer to prevent capillary action, next an insulation layer (320) of either hardening or non- hardening material, followed by an upper hard surface (310) acting as basement layer for the construction.
• the displacement system (250) can be integrated with the displacement volumes (110) forming part of the insulation layer (320).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-31 DK DKPA200801853A patent/DK200801853A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2009
  • 2009-12-08 BR BRPI0925278-9A patent/BRPI0925278A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-12-28 CN CN200980157584.0A patent/CN102333925B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-12-28 MY MYPI2011003082A patent/MY155193A/en unknown
  • 2009-12-28 WO PCT/IB2009/055964 patent/WO2010076757A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-12-29 AR ARP090105169A patent/AR074948A1/es unknown

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