WO2010038589A1 - 光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子用色素および光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010038589A1 WO2010038589A1 PCT/JP2009/065713 JP2009065713W WO2010038589A1 WO 2010038589 A1 WO2010038589 A1 WO 2010038589A1 JP 2009065713 W JP2009065713 W JP 2009065713W WO 2010038589 A1 WO2010038589 A1 WO 2010038589A1
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- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapentylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCC[N+](CCCCC)(CCCCC)CCCCC FBLZDUAOBOMSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC GKXDJYKZFZVASJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical group C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(phenyl)azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKLAORVGAKUOPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D421/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms
- C07D421/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D421/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0008—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain
- C09B23/005—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof
- C09B23/0058—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes substituted on the polymethine chain the substituent being a COOH and/or a functional derivative thereof the substituent being CN
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/0066—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain being part of a carbocyclic ring,(e.g. benzene, naphtalene, cyclohexene, cyclobutenene-quadratic acid)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
- C09B23/02—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups
- C09B23/08—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines
- C09B23/083—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes the polymethine chain containing an odd number of >CH- or >C[alkyl]- groups more than three >CH- groups, e.g. polycarbocyanines five >CH- groups
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/652—Cyanine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element using a dye and a dye suitably used for the photoelectric conversion element.
- dyes are widely used in various technical fields.
- photoelectric conversion elements such as solar cells
- they are used for dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion elements that carry and sensitize dyes on oxide semiconductor electrodes.
- This dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element can be expected to have a theoretically high efficiency, and is considered to be very advantageous in terms of cost compared to a conventional photoelectric conversion element using a silicon semiconductor.
- the dye supported on the oxide semiconductor electrode absorbs light and is excited to inject electrons into the oxide semiconductor, thereby performing photoelectric conversion.
- Ruthenium complex dyes and organic dyes are known as dyes used in this dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element.
- organic dyes are relatively stable and can be easily synthesized, various studies have been made.
- a technique using a cyanine dye having an anchor group for adsorbing to an oxide semiconductor electrode together with a structure in which an indolenine skeleton is bonded to both ends of a methine chain skeleton is known. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- conventional dyes used for photoelectric conversion elements still have problems in fixing properties to a substrate containing an oxide semiconductor material and the like, and electron mobility from the dye molecules to the substrate.
- conventional dyes for example, even if they are adsorbed on a substrate containing an oxide semiconductor material or the like, they are easily peeled off when immersed in water or an organic solvent.
- the dye absorbs light and is excited, the electron mobility that efficiently injects electrons into the substrate is not sufficient. For this reason, in the photoelectric conversion element using the dye, when the dye supported on the oxide semiconductor electrode is in contact with the electrolyte containing the organic solvent, it is easy to peel off, and the electron injection efficiency into the oxide semiconductor electrode is low. It was difficult to obtain high conversion efficiency.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a first object thereof is to provide a photoelectric conversion element capable of improving the conversion efficiency.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a dye for a photoelectric conversion element having high electron injection efficiency and high fixability for a substrate containing, for example, a metal oxide semiconductor material.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a photoelectric conversion element comprising an electrode having a dye and a support carrying the dye, and the dye contains a cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1). *
- R1 to R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the chemical formula (2); And at least one of R3 and R4, at least one of R5 and R6, and at least one of R7 and R8 may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond, or may be linked to each other.
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups, and Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and having 1 or 2 or more cyano groups.
- X1 is a group represented by -C (R9) (R10)-or -N (R11)-or a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom; Is a group represented by -C (R12) (R13)-or -N (R14)-, or a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom, wherein R9 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl A group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the chemical formula (2): An q- is a q-valent anion, and q is 1 or 2. p is a coefficient that keeps the charge neutral.)
- R15 to R17 are each independently A hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen atom, and R18 is a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group , A nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl having
- “may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond” described in the chemical formula (1) means, for example, any one of R1 and R2 and R3 and R4 shown in the chemical formula (1). Any one of them may be eliminated, and the bond between the carbon atom into which R1 and R2 are introduced and the carbon atom into which R3 and R4 are introduced may be a double bond. This is because a bond between a carbon atom into which R5 and R6 in chemical formula (1) are introduced and a carbon atom into which R7 and R8 are introduced, and R5 and R6 in chemical formula (3) described later are introduced. The same applies to the bond between the carbon atom and the carbon atom into which R7 and R8 are introduced.
- the “anchor group” refers to a group having a chemical or electrostatic affinity and binding ability to the carrier.
- the dye contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1)
- the injection of electrons from the dye into the support becomes efficient, and it becomes difficult to peel from the support.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) is introduced into the carbon atom constituting the methine chain skeleton together with the anchor group introduced into the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic skeleton bonded to both ends of the methine chain skeleton. It has a cyano group.
- the physical distance between the cyano group and the carrier is reduced, so that an interaction occurs between the unshared electron pair of the cyano group introduced into the methine chain and the carrier.
- the resistance at the time of electron injection from the cyanine compound to the carrier decreases, so that when excited by absorbing light, electrons are efficiently injected into the carrier.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (3).
- at least one of R9 and R10 shown in Chemical Formula (3) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- a cyanine structure (a structure in which a heterocyclic skeleton is bonded to both ends of a methine chain skeleton) includes an indolenine skeleton as the heterocyclic skeleton, the carbon atoms contained in the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton and A structure in which heteroatoms (nitrogen atoms) are arranged on a plane (a structure having high planarity) is formed, and molecules are easily associated with each other to form an aggregate such as a dimer.
- the sterically bulky group when an sterically bulky alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is introduced as at least one of R9 and R10 in the chemical formula (3), the sterically bulky group is It will be introduced so as to occupy at least one of the upper surface side and the lower surface side with respect to the plane containing the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton. It will be a thing. Thereby, since the ratio of the aggregate which hardly contributes to the photoelectric conversion in the entire dye is reduced on the surface of the support, the dye efficiently absorbs light, and the photoelectric conversion is performed better.
- R5 to R10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the above chemical formula (2). At least one of them and at least one of R7 and R8 may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond, or may be linked to form a ring structure
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups.
- Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and having 1 or 2 or more cyano groups
- X2 is —C (R12) (R13) — or —N (R14) —.
- a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom, and R12 to R14 each independently have a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a substituent.
- Alkyl group a group shown in the alkoxy group or the above-mentioned chemical formula (2) having a substituent.
- Ring A is a naphthalene ring having a benzene ring or a substituent having a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, the substituent .
- q - is a q-valent anion, q is 1 or 2
- p is a coefficient to maintain neutral electric charge).
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (4).
- both ring A and ring B shown in chemical formula (4) are preferably benzene rings having a methoxy group.
- the methoxy group introduced into ring A and ring B is electron donating, electron injection into the carrier becomes more efficient, and photoelectric conversion is performed better.
- at least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 represented by the chemical formula (4) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and among them, R9, R10, R12. And R13 is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- a sterically bulky alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is introduced so as to occupy both the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the plane including the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton.
- the entire molecule has a large three-dimensional size that is difficult to associate. Therefore, since the ratio of the aggregate that hardly contributes to the photoelectric conversion in the dye is reduced on the surface of the carrier, the photoelectric conversion is performed better.
- R9, R10, R12 and R13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the above chemical formula (2).
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups
- Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and one or more cyano groups
- ring A and ring B are each independently benzene.
- a ring, a naphthalene ring, a substituted benzene ring or a substituted naphthalene ring An q- is a q-valent anion, q is 1 or 2, and p is a coefficient that keeps the charge neutral. is there.)
- Q shown in chemical formula (1), chemical formula (3), or chemical formula (4) is a carbon atom at the center of the methine chain having a methine chain having 5 carbon atoms as a skeleton.
- the above-mentioned anchor group may be a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —OH or —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( It may be a group represented by ⁇ O) —O 2 — .
- the support is preferably formed by electrolytic deposition and contains zinc oxide (ZnO). Thereby, photoelectric conversion is performed more satisfactorily.
- the pigment for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has a cyanine structure represented by the above chemical formula (1).
- the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is introduced to the carbon atom constituting the methine chain skeleton together with the anchor group introduced to the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic skeleton.
- the cyanine structure shown in the chemical formula (1) may be the structure shown in the chemical formula (3), and in that case, among the R9 and R10 shown in the chemical formula (3) At least one of is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the sterically bulky alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms occupies at least one space on the upper surface side and the lower surface side with respect to the plane including the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton.
- the molecule as a whole has a large steric size that is difficult to associate. Therefore, in the case of being carried on the substrate, the ratio of the aggregate that hardly contributes to the electron injection to the substrate is decreased, so that the ratio of the electron injection amount to the substrate is increased with respect to the light absorption amount.
- the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1) may be the structure represented by the chemical formula (4).
- the ring A and the ring B represented by the chemical formula (4) are These are preferably benzene rings having a methoxy group.
- at least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 represented by the chemical formula (4) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and among them, R9, R10, R12.
- R13 is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- Q shown in chemical formula (1), chemical formula (3), or chemical formula (4) has a methine chain having 5 carbon atoms as a skeleton and the center of the methine chain.
- a linking group in which a cyano group is introduced into a carbon atom may be used, and the above-described anchor group may be a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —OH or —CH 2 —CH 2 —. It may be a group represented by C ( ⁇ O) —O 2 — .
- an electrode having a dye and a carrier that supports the dye is provided, and the dye contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
- the conversion efficiency can be improved as compared with a case where a compound not including the structure shown in (1) is included (for example, a cyanine compound in which a cyano group is not bonded to the methine chain skeleton).
- the cyanine compound represented by chemical formula (1) is the compound represented by chemical formula (4), and both ring A and ring B in chemical formula (4) are benzene rings having a methoxy group.
- the electron injection efficiency becomes higher together with the fixing property of the dye, higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- R9, R10, R12 and R13 is an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or in particular, R9, R10, R12 and R13 are all 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- conversion efficiency can be further improved because higher electron injection efficiency can be obtained together with high fixability of the dye.
- the conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the dye for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention since it has the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1), for example, the electron injection efficiency with respect to the substrate including the metal oxide semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion element has a fixing property. Can be high.
- the dye according to one embodiment of the present invention is a compound having an adsorptivity (binding property) to a substrate including, for example, a metal oxide semiconductor material, and has a cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1) (Hereinafter referred to as a cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1)).
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) has a methine chain skeleton, a heterocyclic skeleton bonded to both ends thereof, and an anchor group (Y1, Y2) introduced into a nitrogen atom constituting the heterocyclic skeleton. ing.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) has a cyano group introduced into the methine chain skeleton together with an anchor group, the physical distance between the cyano group and the substrate is close when it is supported on the substrate. And interacts between the unshared electron pair of the cyano group introduced into the methine chain and the substrate.
- the resistance at the time of electron injection from the cyanine compound to the support decreases, so that the electron injection efficiency for a substrate containing, for example, a metal oxide semiconductor material increases, and the fixability to the substrate increases. Therefore, when used as a dye of a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, it contributes to an improvement in conversion efficiency.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) has the structure represented by the chemical formula (1), the same effect can be obtained even if it is an enantiomer or a diastereomer.
- R1 to R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the chemical formula (2); And at least one of R3 and R4, at least one of R5 and R6, and at least one of R7 and R8 may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond, or may be linked to each other.
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups, and Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and having 1 or 2 or more cyano groups.
- X1 is a group represented by -C (R9) (R10)-or -N (R11)-or a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom; Is a group represented by -C (R12) (R13)-or -N (R14)-, or a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom, wherein R9 to R14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl A group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the chemical formula (2): An q- is a q-valent anion, and q is 1 or 2. p is a coefficient that keeps the charge neutral.)
- R15 to R17 are each independently A hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen atom, and R18 is a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group , A nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl having
- R1 to R8 described in the chemical formula (1) are a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having one or more arbitrary substituents, an alkoxy group having one or more arbitrary substituents, or As long as it is any of the groups shown in chemical formula (2), the structure thereof is arbitrary, it may be linear, it may have a branched structure, or it may contain a ring structure. Good. Further, when R1 to R8 are an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, or an alkoxy group having a substituent, the number of carbon atoms constituting the skeleton is also arbitrary.
- the alkyl group introduced as R1 to R8 and the alkyl group having a substituent are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms or a group into which a substituent is introduced. Specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, Group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, second butyl group, third butyl group, isobutyl group, amyl group, isoamyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group, cyclohexylethyl group, heptyl group, isoheptyl group, Tertiary heptyl group, n-octyl group, isooctyl group, third octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, isononyl group, decyl group, etc., and some or all of the hydrogen atoms of
- the alkoxy group introduced as R1 to R8 and the alkoxy group having a substituent are preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a group into which a substituent is introduced.
- the group represented by the chemical formula (2) introduced as R1 to R8 in the chemical formula (1) is arbitrary as long as it is a group having the structure represented by the above chemical formula (2).
- the halogen atom described in the chemical formula (2) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the group represented by the chemical formula (2) include a vinyl group (—CH ⁇ CH 2 ), an allyl group (—CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH 2 ), and a 1-propenyl group (—CH ⁇ CH—CH 3 ).
- At least one of R1 and R2 and at least one of R3 and R4 may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond, or may be linked to each other. To form a ring structure. The same applies to at least one of R5 and R6 and at least one of R7 and R8.
- Examples of the ring structure formed by connecting R1 to R8 in this way include, for example, a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, cyclohexane ring, cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexene ring, cycloheptane ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, Examples include pyrrolidine ring, morpholine ring, thiomorpholine ring, pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, imidazole ring, oxazole ring and imidazolidine ring.
- the ring structure may be a condensed ring structure or may have one or more substituents.
- the ring structure formed by connecting R1 to R8 is preferably a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a benzene ring having a substituent, or a naphthalene ring having a substituent.
- Y1 and Y2 described in the chemical formula (1) may be any anchor group that imparts chemical or electrostatic affinity and binding ability to the substrate to the compound.
- Z1 is a functional group that binds to the substrate, and examples thereof include a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid ion group, a sulfonic acid ion group, and a phosphate ion group.
- the number of carbon atoms of R19 in the chemical formula (5) is 1 or more and 4 or less, and Z1 is preferably a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylic acid ion group.
- R19 has 2 carbon atoms.
- Z1 is a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylate ion group, that is, a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —OH or —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) — A group represented by O 2 — is preferred.
- the carboxylic acid group and the carboxylate ion group are functional groups having high binding ability to the substrate and high electron withdrawing ability, by combining with R19 in the above-mentioned range of the number of carbon atoms, the electron injection efficiency and This is because the fixing property becomes higher.
- R19 is an alkylene group, and Z1 is an acidic group or a group obtained by ionizing the acidic group.
- X1 and X2 described in chemical formula (1) are arbitrary as long as they are any of the above-described divalent groups.
- X1 and X2 are hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms having a substituent (-C (R9) (R10)-, -C (R12) (R13)-) or nitrogen atoms (-N (R11)-, -N (R14 In the case of)-), specific examples of R9 to R14 include the same groups as R1 to R8 described above. Among these, R9 to R14 are preferably sterically bulky groups so that the steric size of the whole molecule is increased.
- this cyanine compound when used as a dye of a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, the compound reduces the proportion of aggregates that do not easily contribute to photoelectric conversion in the dye, thereby contributing to an improvement in conversion efficiency.
- a group having a branched structure or a ring structure, or an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is preferable. This is because the formation of aggregates is further suppressed.
- Q described in the chemical formula (1) is arbitrary as long as it is a linking group having a methine chain (monomethine to heptamethine) having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and having one or more cyano groups, Further, it may have a substituent, or the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the reason why the number of carbon atoms in the methine chain is 1 or more and 7 or less is that light absorption in a wide range from ultraviolet light to visible light becomes good.
- the coupling group represented by Chemical formula (6) is mentioned, for example.
- R20 to R22 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of them is a cyano group.
- M is an integer of 0 to 2.
- the linking group represented by the chemical formula (6) represents an odd number of 1 to 7 carbon atoms constituting the methine chain skeleton.
- the cyano group bonded to the methine chain is preferably introduced into the carbon atom that is the center of the methine chain skeleton.
- the distance between the two nitrogen atoms into which the anchor group is introduced and the carbon atom into which the cyano group is introduced is substantially equidistant, so that the balance of charge bias as a whole molecule is good. For this reason, it is considered that the fixability and the electron injection efficiency with respect to the substrate are further increased.
- Examples of the linking group represented by the chemical formula (6) include linking groups represented by the chemical formulas (6-1) to (6-10).
- R30 to R35 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a diphenylamino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or one or more carbon atoms. 8 or less alkoxy groups.
- An q ⁇ described in the chemical formula (1) is a counter anion for keeping the charge of the whole cyanine compound neutral, and An q ⁇ is arbitrary as long as it is a monovalent or divalent anion.
- An anion (monovalent anion; An ⁇ ) when q 1, for example, fluoride ion (F ⁇ ), chloride ion (Cl ⁇ ), bromide ion (Br ⁇ ) or iodide ion (I ⁇ ) )
- Halide ions such as hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), perchlorate ion (ClO 4 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ).
- Inorganic anions such as chlorate ion or thiocyanate ion, benzenesulfonate ion, toluenesulfonate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, diphenylamine-4-sulfonate ion, 2-amino-4-methyl-5- Chlorobenzenesulfonate ion, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzenesulfonate ion, N -Organic sulfonate anions such as alkyldiphenylamine-4-sulfonate ion or N-aryldiphenylamine-4-sulfonate ion, octyl phosphate ion, dodecyl phosphate ion, octadecyl phosphate ion, phenyl phosphate ion, nonyl Organic phosphate anions such as phenyl phosphate ion or 2,2
- Such a cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) preferably has the structure represented by the chemical formula (3). More than the compound having the structure shown in the chemical formula (3) (for example, a compound in which both heterocyclic skeletons bonded to both ends of the methine chain include an oxazole skeleton, a thiazole skeleton, an imidazole skeleton, a tellurazole skeleton, or a serelazole skeleton). It is because the effect which it did is demonstrated more.
- the compound having the structure shown in the chemical formula (3) (hereinafter referred to as the compound shown in the chemical formula (3)) has a ring structure (ring A) formed by linking R1 to R4 in the chemical formula (1).
- X1 is a divalent group represented by —C (R9) (R10) —. That is, the structure represented by the chemical formula (3) represents the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) when at least one of the heterocyclic skeletons bonded to both ends of the methine chain is an indolenine skeleton. Therefore, R5 to R10, X2, R12 to R14, Y1, Y2 and (An q ⁇ ) p described in chemical formula (3) are the same as R5 to R10, X2, R12 to R14, Y1 in chemical formula (1). , Y2 and (An q ⁇ ) p .
- R5 to R10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the above chemical formula (2). At least one of them and at least one of R7 and R8 may be eliminated to form an unsaturated bond, or may be linked to form a ring structure
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups.
- Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and having 1 or 2 or more cyano groups
- X2 is —C (R12) (R13) — or —N (R14) —.
- a sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom or tellurium atom, and R12 to R14 each independently have a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a substituent.
- Alkyl group a group shown in the alkoxy group or the above-mentioned chemical formula (2) having a substituent.
- Ring A is a naphthalene ring having a benzene ring or a substituent having a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, the substituent .
- q - is a q-valent anion, q is 1 or 2
- p is a coefficient to maintain neutral electric charge).
- Ring A described in Chemical Formula (3) is optional as long as it has a benzene ring or naphthalene ring skeleton, and Ring A may have one or more substituents.
- the substituent introduced into ring A is arbitrary, and examples of the substituent include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and butyl groups, alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy groups, and aryl groups such as phenyl groups. And groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in the group or those groups are substituted with halogen atoms.
- Examples of the substituent that other ring A has include a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an acetyl group, and a carboxylic acid group.
- At least one of R9 and R10 is preferably a sterically bulky group. This is because the electron injection efficiency with respect to the substrate becomes higher.
- the reason is considered to be as follows.
- the carbon atoms and heteroatoms constituting the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton are It includes a structure arranged on the same plane, that is, a structure having so-called high planarity.
- such a cyanine structure has a property of easily forming an aggregate such as a dimer by associating molecules so as to overlap each other.
- the sterically bulky group is on the upper surface side with respect to the plane including the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton. And it exists to occupy at least one space of the lower surface side.
- the structure having high planarity has a large three-dimensional size that is difficult to associate as a whole molecule, and the ratio of aggregates that are unlikely to contribute to electron injection into the substrate decreases when supported on the substrate. .
- the light absorption efficiency (the light absorption amount per compound fixed to the substrate) is increased, and the electron injection efficiency to the substrate is further increased. Therefore, for example, when used as a dye in a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element, the cyanine compound reduces the proportion of aggregates that do not easily contribute to photoelectric conversion in the dye, so that the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- these sterically bulky groups an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 11 to 25 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. This is because the formation of aggregates is further suppressed, the synthesis is easy, and the productivity of the element is improved when used as a dye of a photoelectric conversion element.
- the association inhibition effect is higher than when the number of carbon atoms is 5 or less. This is because the solubility with respect to the pigment becomes high and a dye solution having a high concentration can be prepared.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is 25 or less, the synthesis becomes easier than in the case of 26 or more. If a dye solution with a high concentration can be prepared, the time required for carrying the dye on the carrier (adsorption time) can be shortened when producing a photoelectric conversion element, so that the productivity of the element is improved. improves.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (3) preferably has the structure represented by the chemical formula (4) described above. This is because a higher effect is easily obtained.
- the compound having the structure shown in the chemical formula (4) (hereinafter referred to as the compound shown in the chemical formula (4)) is linked to R5 to R8 in the chemical formula (3) to form a ring structure (ring B).
- R9, R10, R12, R13, Y1, Y2 and (An q ⁇ ) p described in chemical formula (4) are the same as R9, R10, R12, R13, Y1, Y2 and ( Same as An q- ) p .
- R9, R10, R12 and R13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having a substituent, an alkoxy group having a substituent, or a group represented by the above chemical formula (2).
- Y1 and Y2 are anchor groups
- Q is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms as a skeleton and one or more cyano groups
- ring A and ring B are each independently benzene.
- a ring, a naphthalene ring, a substituted benzene ring or a substituted naphthalene ring An q- is a q-valent anion, q is 1 or 2, and p is a coefficient that keeps the charge neutral. is there.)
- ring A and ring B described in chemical formula (4) are the same as ring A in chemical formula (3).
- Both ring A and ring B in chemical formula (4) are preferably benzene rings having an electron-donating substituent.
- the anchor group (Y1, Y2) in this case preferably has an electron-withdrawing functional group such as a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylic acid ion group.
- the electron-donating substituent pushes out the electrons and the anchor group acts to pull the electrons, so that the electron injection efficiency for the substrate bonded by the anchor group is particularly high.
- a methoxy group is preferable as such an electron-donating substituent introduced into ring A or ring B.
- At least one of R9 and R10 in the above chemical formula (3) is preferably a sterically bulky group, for the same reason as the chemical formula (4).
- At least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 is preferably a sterically bulky group.
- the sterically bulky group is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably an alkyl group having 11 to 25 carbon atoms. This is because of the same reason as described in the chemical formula (3).
- R9, R10, R12 and R13 are preferably all alkyl groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- a sterically bulky alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is introduced so as to occupy both the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the plane including the methine chain skeleton and the indolenine skeleton.
- the entire molecule has a large three-dimensional size that is difficult to associate. Therefore, in the case of being carried on the substrate, the proportion of aggregates that hardly contribute to the electron injection to the substrate is decreased, so the proportion of the electron injection amount to the substrate with respect to the light absorption amount is increased, and the fixing property is increased. , Electron injection efficiency becomes higher.
- Examples of the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) include compounds represented by the chemical formula (7) to the chemical formula (161). Needless to say, the compound having the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1) is not limited to the compounds represented by the chemical formula (7) to the chemical formula (161). ) Is the same. Further, a compound shown in the chemical formula (7) to Chemical formula (161), An q- is Br - or I - but cited for the case of, for example, if a monovalent or divalent anion described above Any combination can be used, and the same applies to other anions.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) can be synthesized, for example, as follows.
- an anchor group (Y1, Y2) is introduced into the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic skeleton in the chemical formula (1).
- a compound having a heterocyclic skeleton represented by chemical formula (162) and a compound represented by chemical formula (163) are mixed and reacted.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (164) is synthesized.
- the compound having a heterocyclic skeleton represented by the chemical formula (162) includes a skeleton portion that is bonded to both ends of the methine chain skeleton (Q) in the chemical formula (1).
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (163) is a portion which is introduced into a nitrogen atom contained in the heterocyclic skeleton in the chemical formula (162) so that R24 is eliminated and becomes an anchor group (Y1).
- the chemical reaction formula (I) one of the heterocyclic skeletons bonded to both ends of the methine chain skeleton is shown, but the other heterocyclic skeleton can be synthesized in the same manner.
- R1 to R4 and X1 are the same as R1 to R4 and X1 described in Chemical Formula (1), and R23 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a substituent other than a cyano group.
- R24 is a leaving group such as a halogen atom, Y1 is an anchor group,
- An q- is a q-valent anion, Is 1 or 2
- p is a coefficient for keeping the charge neutral in the compound of the chemical formula (164).
- quaternary ammonium represented by chemical formula (164) as represented by chemical reaction formula (II)
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-1), which is a salt, and the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (165) having a leaving group are reacted in the presence of a base (Base).
- a cyanine compound having 1 carbon atom constituting the methine chain skeleton of Q in chemical formula (1) (chemical formula (166)) is obtained.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (165) used in this case is a compound having —S—R25 as a leaving group.
- R1 to R8, Y1, Y2, X1, and X2 are the same as R1 to R8, Y1, Y2, X1, and X2 described in chemical formula (1).
- An q ⁇ is a q-valent anion, and q is 1 or 2 and p is a coefficient for maintaining a neutral charge in the compounds of the formulas (164-1), (165), and (166), and R25 is an alkyl such as a methyl group. Group.
- the reaction is performed, for example, as represented by the chemical reaction formula (III).
- a chemical compound (164) synthesized by the chemical reaction formula (I), a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (168), and a compound represented by the chemical formula (167) as a bridging agent are mixed with a base and anhydrous Reaction in the presence of acetic acid ((CH 3 CO) 2 O), as a final product, a cyanine compound having a methine chain skeleton of Q in chemical formula (1) having a carbon atom number greater than 1 (chemical formula (169)) Get.
- examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (167) used as the bridging agent include compounds represented by the chemical formula (167-1) to (167-4), and other bridging agents include Examples thereof include compounds represented by chemical formulas (170) to (172).
- R1 to R8, Y1, Y2, X1 and X2 are the same as R1 to R8, Y1, Y2, X1 and X2 described in chemical formula (1).
- R23, R26 and R27 are a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a cyano group.
- Q1 is a linking group having a methine chain having 1 to 5 carbon atoms as a skeleton, and at least one of R23, R26 and R27 is a cyano group,
- An q ⁇ is q A valence anion, q is 1 or 2
- p is a coefficient for maintaining a neutral charge in the compounds of the formulas (164), (168) and (169).
- R26 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a substituent other than a cyano group.
- the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1) has the methine chain skeleton together with the anchor group introduced into the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic skeleton bonded to both ends of the methine chain skeleton. Since it has a cyano group introduced into the constituent carbon atoms, for example, when it is supported on a substrate containing a metal oxide semiconductor material, when excited by absorbing light, electrons are transferred to the carrier. Inject efficiently and quickly. In addition, even when in contact with an organic solvent or moisture contained in an electrolyte or the like in a state of being supported on the substrate, it is difficult to peel off.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) can improve the fixability as well as the electron injection efficiency to the substrate. Therefore, when this dye is used for a photoelectric conversion element, the amount of electrons injected into the carrier relative to the amount of light absorption is increased as a whole, and the separation from the carrier is suppressed, so that the conversion efficiency is improved. Can contribute.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (3), and in that case, at least one of R9 and R10 represented by the chemical formula (3) is carbon.
- An alkyl group having 6 to 25 atoms is preferable.
- at least one of R9 and R10 has a sterically bulky carbon atom number of 6 or more, while having a cyanine structure including an indolenine skeleton that is likely to form an aggregate. Since 25 or less alkyl groups are introduced, the entire molecule has a large steric size. Therefore, the ratio of the aggregate that hardly contributes to the improvement of the electron injection efficiency with respect to the substrate decreases, so that the electron injection efficiency with respect to the substrate can be further increased.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (4).
- both ring A and ring B shown in chemical formula (4) are benzene rings having a methoxy group, the methoxy group introduced into ring A and ring B is electron donating, Electron injection efficiency can be further increased.
- at least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 represented by the chemical formula (4) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and among them, R9, R10, R12. And R13 is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. This increases the three-dimensional size of the molecule as a whole and reduces the proportion of aggregates that are unlikely to contribute to electron injection on the surface of the substrate, so that the electron injection efficiency can be further increased.
- Q shown in chemical formula (1), chemical formula (3), or chemical formula (4) is a linkage in which a methine chain having 5 carbon atoms is used as a skeleton and a cyano group is introduced into the central carbon atom of the methine chain.
- the above-described anchor group may be a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —OH or a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —O 2 — . It may be a group. Thereby, an above-described effect can fully be exhibited.
- dye of this Embodiment is used for a photoelectric conversion element as follows.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of a photoelectric conversion element
- FIG. 2 shows an extracted and enlarged main part of the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIG.
- the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a main part of a so-called dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 are disposed to face each other with the electrolyte-containing layer 30 interposed therebetween, and at least one of the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 is an electrode having optical transparency. It is.
- the working electrode 10 includes, for example, a conductive substrate 11, a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 provided on one surface thereof (surface on the counter electrode 20 side), and a dye using the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 as a carrier. 13.
- the working electrode 10 functions as a negative electrode for the external circuit.
- the conductive substrate 11 is obtained by providing a conductive layer 11B on the surface of an insulating substrate 11A.
- Examples of the material of the substrate 11A include insulating materials such as glass, plastic, and transparent polymer film.
- the transparent polymer film include tetraacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), syndioctane polysterene (SPS), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polycarbonate (PC), and polyarylate.
- TAC tetraacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- SPS syndioctane polysterene
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PC polycarbonate
- PAr polysulfone
- PSF polyester sulfone
- PEI polyetherimide
- cyclic polyolefin brominated phenoxy and the like.
- Examples of the conductive layer 11B include conductive metal oxide thin films such as indium oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), or tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO: F—SnO 2 ), Examples thereof include metal thin films such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and platinum (Pt), and those formed of a conductive polymer.
- conductive metal oxide thin films such as indium oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), or tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO: F—SnO 2 ).
- metal thin films such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and platinum (Pt), and those formed of a conductive polymer.
- the conductive substrate 11 may be configured to have a single-layer structure with, for example, a conductive material.
- a conductive material examples include indium oxide, tin oxide, Examples thereof include conductive metal oxides such as indium-tin composite oxide or tin oxide doped with fluorine, metals such as gold, silver or platinum, and conductive polymers.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is a carrier that supports the dye 13, and has, for example, a porous structure as shown in FIG.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed of a dense layer 12A and a porous layer 12B.
- a dense layer 12A is formed at the interface with the conductive substrate 11, and the dense layer 12A is preferably dense and has few voids, and more preferably in the form of a film.
- a porous layer 12B is formed on the surface in contact with the electrolyte-containing layer 30, and the porous layer 12B preferably has a structure with many voids and a large surface area, and particularly has a structure in which porous fine particles are attached. More preferred.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 may be formed to have a film-like single layer structure, for example.
- Examples of the material (metal oxide semiconductor material) of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, vanadium oxide, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, Examples thereof include magnesium oxide.
- the metal oxide semiconductor material at least one of titanium oxide and zinc oxide is preferable, and zinc oxide is more preferable. This is because high conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- These metal oxide semiconductor materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more (mixed, mixed crystal, solid solution, etc.), for example, zinc oxide and A combination of tin oxide, titanium oxide and niobium oxide can also be used.
- Examples of a method for forming the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having the porous structure include an electrolytic deposition method and a sintering method.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by the electrolytic deposition method, the fine particles are deposited on the conductive layer 11B of the conductive substrate 11 in the electrolytic bath liquid containing the fine particles of the metal oxide semiconductor material and the metal.
- An oxide semiconductor material is deposited.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by a sintering method, after applying a dispersion liquid (metal oxide slurry) in which fine particles of a metal oxide semiconductor material are dispersed on the conductive substrate 11, Bake.
- an electrolytic deposition method is preferable. This is because high conversion efficiency can be obtained and a plastic material or polymer film material having low heat resistance can be used as the substrate 11A, so that a highly flexible photoelectric conversion element can be manufactured.
- the dye 13 is adsorbed, for example, using the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 as a base, and one or two or more kinds capable of injecting electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 by absorbing and exciting light. Contains the dye.
- dye 13 contains the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of the cyanine compounds shown to above-mentioned Chemical formula (1) as this pigment
- the dye 13 may contain other dyes in addition to the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
- the other dye is preferably a dye having an electron-withdrawing substituent that can be chemically bonded to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12.
- other dyes include eosin Y, dibromofluorescein, fluorescein, rhodamine B, pyrogallol, dichlorofluorescein, erythrosine B (erythrocin is a registered trademark), fluorescin, mercurochrome, cyanine dye, merocyanine disazo dye, trisazo dye, Anthraquinone dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, indigo dyes, diphenylmethane dyes, trimethylmethane dyes, quinoline dyes, benzophenone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, perylene dyes, fluorenone dyes, squarylium dyes, azurenium dyes And organic dyes such
- organometallic complex compounds For example, an ionic coordinate bond formed by a nitrogen anion and a metal cation in an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and a nitrogen atom or Organometallic complex compounds having both nonionic coordination bonds formed between chalcogen atoms and metal cations, ionic coordination bonds formed by oxygen anions or sulfur anions and metal cations, and nitrogen And organometallic complex compounds having both nonionic coordination bonds formed between an atom or chalcogen atom and a metal cation.
- organometallic complex compounds For example, an ionic coordinate bond formed by a nitrogen anion and a metal cation in an aromatic heterocyclic ring, and a nitrogen atom or Organometallic complex compounds having both nonionic coordination bonds formed between chalcogen atoms and metal cations, ionic coordination bonds formed by oxygen anions or sulfur anions and metal cations, and nitrogen And organometallic complex compounds having both nonionic coordination bonds formed between an atom or chalcogen atom and
- metal phthalocyanine dyes such as copper phthalocyanine and titanyl phthalocyanine, metal naphthalocyanine dyes, metal porphyrin dyes, bipyridyl ruthenium complexes, terpyridyl ruthenium complexes, phenanthroline ruthenium complexes, bicinchonirate ruthenium complexes, and azo ruthenium complexes
- a ruthenium complex such as a quinolinol ruthenium complex can be used.
- dye 13 may contain the additive other than the above-mentioned pigment
- the additive include an association inhibitor that suppresses association of the dye in the dye 13, and specifically, a cholic acid compound represented by the chemical formula (173). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R30 represents a group bonded to any of the carbon atoms constituting the steroid skeleton in the formula, and includes a hydroxyl group, a halogen group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, and an oxycarbonyl group.
- R31 is an alkyl group having an acidic group
- t is an integer of 1 to 5.
- the counter electrode 20 is, for example, a conductive substrate 21 provided with a conductive layer 22.
- the counter electrode 20 functions as a positive electrode for an external circuit.
- Examples of the material of the conductive substrate 21 include the same material as that of the conductive substrate 11 of the working electrode 10.
- Examples of the conductive material used for the conductive layer 22 include metals such as platinum, gold, silver, copper (Cu), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and indium (In). , Carbon (C), or a conductive polymer. These conductive materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, cellulose, a melamine resin, a fluoroelastomer, or a polyimide resin may be used as a binder as necessary.
- the counter electrode 20 may have a single layer structure of the conductive layer 22, for example.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 includes, for example, a redox electrolyte.
- a redox electrolyte examples include an I ⁇ / I 3 ⁇ system, a Br ⁇ / Br 3 ⁇ system, a quinone / hydroquinone system, and the like.
- halide salts include cesium halides, quaternary alkyl ammonium halides, imidazolium halides, thiazolium halides, oxazolium halides, quinolinium halides and pyridinium halides.
- iodide salts include cesium iodide, and quaternary alkyl ammonium iodides such as tetraethylammonium iodide, tetrapropylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrapentylammonium iodide, and tetrahexylammonium.
- halide salts and simple halogens combinations of halide
- the redox electrolyte may be, for example, a combination of an ionic liquid and a halogen simple substance.
- the above-described halide salt and the like may be further included.
- the ionic liquid include those that can be used in batteries, solar cells, and the like. For example, “Inorg. Chem” 1996, 35, p 1168 to 1178, “Electrochemistry” 2002, 2, p 130 to 136; And those disclosed in JP-A No. 507334 or JP-A-8-259543.
- the ionic liquid a salt having a melting point lower than room temperature (25 ° C.), or a salt that has a melting point higher than room temperature and is liquefied at room temperature by dissolving with another molten salt is preferable.
- this ionic liquid include the following anions and cations.
- Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include ammonium, imidazolium, oxazolium, thiazolium, oxadiazolium, triazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrazolium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, triazinium, phosphonium, sulfonium, carbazolium, indolium, or those And derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds. Specific examples include 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium. .
- metal chlorides such as AlCl 4 ⁇ or Al 2 Cl 7 — , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇
- Fluorine-containing ions such as F (HF) n ⁇ or CF 3 COO ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ , C 6 H 11 COO ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 2 ⁇ , CH 3 SO
- Non-fluorine compound ions such as 3 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 2 ⁇ , (CH 3 O) 2 PO 2 ⁇ , N (CN) 2 — or SCN ⁇
- halide ions such as iodine or bromine can be mentioned. These may be used alone or as a mixture of plural kinds. Among these, iodide ions are preferable as the anions of the ionic liquid.
- the electrolyte-containing layer 30 may be a liquid electrolyte (electrolyte) as the above-described redox electrolyte, or a solid polymer electrolyte in which the electrolyte is held in a polymer substance.
- a quasi-solid (paste-like) electrolyte containing a mixture of an electrolytic solution and a particulate carbon material such as carbon black may be used. Note that in a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a carbon material, since the carbon material has a function of catalyzing a redox reaction, the electrolyte may not contain a single halogen.
- Such a redox electrolyte may contain any one kind or two or more kinds of organic solvents that dissolve the above-described halide salts, ionic liquids, and the like.
- organic solvent include electrochemically inert solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, valeronitrile, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate.
- the dye 13 carried on the working electrode 10 when light (sunlight, ultraviolet light equivalent to sunlight or visible light) is applied to the dye 13 carried on the working electrode 10, the dye 13 that has been excited by absorbing light absorbs electrons. Implanted into the oxide semiconductor layer 12. After the electrons move to the adjacent conductive layer 11B, they reach the counter electrode 20 via an external circuit. On the other hand, in the electrolyte-containing layer 30, the electrolyte is oxidized so that the oxidized dye 13 is returned (reduced) to the ground state as the electrons move. This oxidized electrolyte is reduced by receiving the above-described electrons. In this way, the movement of electrons between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and the accompanying oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte-containing layer 30 are repeated. Thereby, continuous movement of electrons occurs, and photoelectric conversion is constantly performed.
- This photoelectric conversion element can be manufactured as follows, for example.
- the working electrode 10 is produced.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a porous structure is formed on the surface of the conductive substrate 11 on which the conductive layer 11B is formed by electrolytic deposition or sintering.
- electrolytic deposition for example, an electrolytic bath containing a metal salt to be a metal oxide semiconductor material is set to a predetermined temperature while bubbling with oxygen or air, and the conductive substrate 11 is placed therein. Immerse and apply a constant voltage between the counter electrode. Thereby, a metal oxide semiconductor material is deposited on the conductive layer 11B so as to have a porous structure.
- the counter electrode may be appropriately moved in the electrolytic bath.
- a metal oxide slurry prepared by dispersing metal oxide semiconductor material powder in a dispersion medium is applied to the conductive substrate 11 and dried, followed by firing. And having a porous structure. Subsequently, a dye solution in which the dye 13 containing the cyanine compound represented by the above chemical formula (1) is dissolved in an organic solvent is prepared. By immersing the conductive substrate 11 on which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed in this dye solution, the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 carries the dye 13.
- the counter electrode 20 is produced by forming the conductive layer 22 on one surface of the conductive substrate 21.
- the conductive layer 22 is formed, for example, by sputtering a conductive material.
- a spacer such as a sealant so that the surface of the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 and the surface of the counter electrode 20 on which the conductive layer 22 is formed face each other while maintaining a predetermined distance.
- the whole is sealed except for the electrolyte inlet.
- the electrolyte containing layer 30 is formed by injecting an electrolyte between the working electrode 10 and the counter electrode 20 and then sealing the injection port. Thereby, the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is completed.
- the dye 13 contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1), the electron injection efficiency from the dye 13 to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is increased and the dye 13 is peeled from the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12. It becomes difficult.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) includes a cyano group introduced into the methine chain skeleton together with an anchor group (Y1, Y2) introduced into the heterocyclic skeleton bonded to both ends of the methine chain skeleton. have.
- the dye 13 includes a compound that does not include the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) (for example, a cyanine compound in which a cyano group is not introduced into the methine chain skeleton).
- the amount of electron injection into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 with respect to the amount of light absorption is increased and the amount of separation of the pigment from the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is reduced as the entire pigment contained in the pigment 13. , Conversion efficiency can be improved.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (3), and at least one of R9 and R10 represented by the chemical formula (3) is carbon.
- R9 and R10 represented by the chemical formula (3)
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (3), and at least one of R9 and R10 represented by the chemical formula (3) is carbon.
- an alkyl group having 6 or more and 25 or less atoms it generally has a cyanine structure including an indolenine skeleton, which is likely to form an aggregate, and as at least one of R9 and R10, Since a sterically bulky alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms is introduced, the whole molecule has a large steric size. Therefore, since the ratio of the aggregate that hardly contributes to photoelectric conversion in the dye 13 on the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is reduced, the conversion efficiency can be further improved.
- the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1) may be a compound represented by the chemical formula (4).
- the ring A and the ring B represented by the chemical formula (4) both have a methoxy group. Since the methoxy group introduced into the ring A and the ring B is electron donating, the electron injection into the carrier becomes more efficient and higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- at least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 represented by the chemical formula (4) is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and among them, R9, R10, R12. And R13 is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the entire molecule has a large three-dimensional size, and the ratio of the aggregate that hardly contributes to photoelectric conversion in the dye 13 on the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is further reduced. Obtainable.
- Q shown in chemical formula (1), chemical formula (3), or chemical formula (4) is a linkage in which a methine chain having 5 carbon atoms is used as a skeleton and a cyano group is introduced into the central carbon atom of the methine chain.
- the anchor group (Y1, Y2) may be a group represented by —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O) —OH or —CH 2 —CH 2 —C ( ⁇ O). It may be a group represented by —O 2 — .
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is formed by electrolytic deposition and contains zinc oxide (ZnO), higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- the cyanine compound represented by chemical formula (1) is the compound represented by chemical formula (4), and both ring A and ring B in chemical formula (4) are benzene rings having a methoxy group.
- the fixability becomes higher with the electron injection efficiency, higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- at least one of R9, R10, R12 and R13 is an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and among them, R9, R10, R12 and R13 are all 6 or more carbon atoms. In the case of an alkyl group of 25 or less, conversion efficiency can be further improved because higher electron injection efficiency is obtained with high fixability.
- the support is formed by electrolytic deposition and contains zinc oxide, higher conversion efficiency can be obtained.
- the case where a redox electrolyte-containing layer is used as the electrolyte-containing layer 30 has been described.
- a solid charge transfer layer configured by a solid electrolyte instead of the redox electrolyte is used. May be provided.
- the solid charge transfer layer includes, for example, a material in which carrier movement in the solid is related to electric conduction. As this material, an electron transport material, a hole transport material, or the like is preferable.
- aromatic amines triphenylene derivatives, and the like are preferable.
- oligothiophene compounds polypyrrole, polyacetylene or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene) or derivatives thereof, and poly (p-phenylene vinylene).
- organic conductive polymers such as derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polytoluidine or derivatives thereof, and the like can be given.
- a p-type inorganic compound semiconductor may be used as the hole transport material.
- the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor preferably has a band gap of 2 eV or more, and more preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor needs to be smaller than the ionization potential of the working electrode 10 from the condition that the holes of the dye can be reduced.
- the preferable range of the ionization potential of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor varies depending on the dye used, it is generally preferably in the range of 4.5 eV to 5.5 eV, and more preferably in the range of 4.7 eV to 5.3 eV. More preferably, it is within.
- Examples of the p-type inorganic compound semiconductor include a compound semiconductor containing monovalent copper.
- Examples of other p-type inorganic compound semiconductors include GaP, NiO, CoO, FeO, Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 2, and Cr 2 O 3 .
- a hole transport material containing an organic conductive polymer may be introduced into the electrode by a technique such as vacuum deposition, casting, coating, spin coating, dipping, electrolytic polymerization, or photoelectrolytic polymerization. Can do. Also in the case of an inorganic solid compound, it can be introduced into the electrode by a technique such as a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or an electrolytic plating method. A part of the solid charge transfer layer (particularly, having a hole transport material) formed in this way partially penetrates into the gap of the porous structure of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 and is in direct contact with it. It is preferable to become.
- the conversion efficiency can be improved as in the case of using the redox electrolyte.
- Other functions and effects are the same as those of the photoelectric conversion element described above.
- Example 1-1 As a specific example of the dye described in the above embodiment, the compound represented by the chemical formula (7), which is the compound represented by the chemical formula (4), was synthesized according to the chemical formula (I) and the chemical reaction formula (III).
- the compound represented by -1) was mixed and reacted to obtain an indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-1) which is a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the chemical formula (164).
- Example 1-2 A compound represented by the chemical formula (8) was synthesized. In this case, first, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (I-2), the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-2) was used in place of the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-1). In the same manner as in Example 1-1, an indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-2) was obtained. Next, a final product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-2) was used in place of the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-1). I got a thing. The yield in this case was 50%.
- Example 1-3 A compound represented by the chemical formula (9) was synthesized.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-3) is used in place of the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-1), and the chemical formula (
- the Indian compound represented by the chemical formula (164-3) was used in place of the compound represented by 163-1).
- a rhenium salt was obtained.
- a final product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-3) was used in place of the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-1). I got a thing. The yield in this case was 2.3%.
- Example 1-4 A compound represented by the chemical formula (35) was synthesized. In this case, first, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (I-4), a compound represented by the chemical formula (164-4) was used in place of the compound shown in the chemical formula (162-3). In the same manner as in Example 1-3, a salt (quaternary ammonium salt) represented by the chemical formula (162-4) was obtained. Next, the final product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-3, except that the compound represented by the chemical formula (164-4) was used in place of the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-3). Obtained. The yield in this case was 6.3%.
- Example 1--5 A compound represented by the chemical formula (47) was synthesized. At this time, first, as shown in chemical reaction formula (I-5), an indolenine compound represented by chemical formula (164-5A), a compound represented by chemical formula (164-5B), acetic acid, By mixing with water, an indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-5C) was obtained. Next, Examples were obtained except that the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-5C) was used in place of the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-1) in the chemical reaction formula (III-1). The final product was obtained in the same manner as in 1-1. The yield in this case was 8.7%.
- Example 1-6 A compound represented by the chemical formula (158) was synthesized. In this case, first, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (I-6), a compound represented by the chemical formula (162-6) was used in place of the compound shown in the chemical formula (162-1). In the same manner as in Example 1-1, a salt represented by the chemical formula (164-6) was obtained.
- an indolenium salt represented by chemical formula (164-2) was obtained through a procedure similar to that represented by chemical reaction formula (I-2). Subsequently, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (III -2A), the indolenium salt (40 mmol) shown in the chemical formula (164-2), the amidine (40 mmol) shown in the chemical formula (167-5), and N , N-dimethylformamide (DMF: 40 g) was mixed and the mixture was reacted to obtain a compound (intermediate) represented by the chemical formula (174A).
- Example 1--7 A compound represented by the chemical formula (159) was synthesized.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-6) was used in place of the compound represented by the chemical formula (162-3).
- a salt represented by the chemical formula (164-6) was obtained.
- an intermediate represented by the chemical formula (174B) was obtained as represented by the chemical reaction formula (III-2A) and chemical reaction formula (III-2B).
- the salt represented by the chemical formula (164-6) was used in place of the salt represented by the chemical formula (164-5) in the chemical reaction formula (III-2C).
- the final product was obtained.
- the yield in this case was 25%.
- Example 1-8 A compound represented by the chemical formula (160) was synthesized. At this time, first, an indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-3) was obtained as represented by the chemical reaction formula (I-3) as in Example 1-3. Subsequently, as in Example 1-5, an intermediate represented by the chemical formula (174B) was obtained as represented by the chemical reaction formula (III-2A) and chemical reaction formula (III-2B). Finally, Example 1-5 was used except that the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-3) was used in place of the salt represented by the chemical formula (164-5) in the chemical reaction formula (III-2C). To give the final product. The yield in this case was 1.1%.
- Example 1-9 A compound represented by the chemical formula (161) was synthesized. In this case, first, as shown in the chemical reaction formula (I-8), a compound represented by the chemical formula (162-7) was used in place of the compound shown in the chemical formula (162-3). The indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-7) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-3. Subsequently, as in Example 1-5, an intermediate represented by the chemical formula (174B) was obtained as represented by the chemical reaction formula (III-2A) and chemical reaction formula (III-2B). Finally, Example 1-5 was used except that the indolenium salt represented by the chemical formula (164-7) was used in place of the salt represented by the chemical formula (164-5) in the chemical reaction formula (III-2C). To give the final product. The yield in this case was 22%.
- Lambda-400 manufactured by JOEL was used as a measuring instrument.
- a 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured at room temperature using a solution in which 3 to 10 mg of the final product was dissolved in 1 cm 3 of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a heavy solvent.
- DMSO deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- the IR absorption spectrum was measured at room temperature by the KBr method using FT-IR-470PLUS manufactured by JASCO as a measuring instrument.
- a calorimeter TG / DTA6200 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used.
- the flow rate of nitrogen gas was set to 100 cm 3 / min, and the temperature range from room temperature to 550 ° C. was raised at a rate of 10 ° C./min.
- Example 2 As a specific example of the photoelectric conversion element described in the above embodiment, a dye-sensitized solar cell was manufactured by the following procedure using the compound represented by the chemical formula (7) synthesized in Example 1-1.
- the working electrode 10 was produced. First, a conductive substrate 11 made of a conductive glass substrate (F—SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm ⁇ width 1.5 cm ⁇ thickness 1.1 mm was prepared. Subsequently, a masking tape having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m is attached to the conductive substrate 11 so as to surround a square of 0.5 cm in length ⁇ 0.5 cm in width, and 3 cm 3 of the metal oxide slurry is uniformly formed on this portion. And dried.
- a conductive substrate 11 made of a conductive glass substrate (F—SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm ⁇ width 1.5 cm ⁇ thickness 1.1 mm was prepared. Subsequently, a masking tape having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m is attached to the conductive substrate 11 so as to surround a square of 0.5 cm in length ⁇ 0.5 cm in width, and 3 cm 3 of the metal oxide slurry is uniformly formed on this portion. And dried.
- F—SnO 2 conductive glass
- zinc oxide powder (surface area 60 m 2 / g, average primary particle size 50 nm or less; FINEX-30 manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is used as a non-ionic surface active so as to be 10% by weight.
- the masking tape on the conductive substrate 11 was peeled off, and this substrate was baked at 450 ° C. in an electric furnace to form a metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (7) which is the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1), and deoxycholic acid were each at concentrations of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / dm 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / dm 3 .
- the dye solution was prepared by dissolving in absolute ethanol.
- the conductive substrate 11 on which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed was immersed in the above dye solution, and the dye 13 was supported.
- a conductive substrate having a thickness of 100 nm made of platinum is formed on one surface of a conductive substrate 21 made of a conductive glass substrate (F-SnO 2 ) having a length of 2.0 cm, a width of 1.5 cm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm.
- the counter electrode 20 was produced by forming the layer 22. In this case, two holes ( ⁇ 1 mm) for injecting an electrolytic solution were formed in the conductive substrate 21 in advance.
- the electrolytic solution was adjusted. It adjusted so that it might become a density
- the surface of the working electrode 10 carrying the dye 13 and the surface of the counter electrode 20 on which the conductive layer 22 is formed are formed. It was made to oppose and it bonded together through the spacer. After that, an electrolyte solution prepared from an injection port opened in the counter electrode 20 was injected to form the electrolyte containing layer 30. Finally, the whole was sealed to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the peel test was performed according to the following procedure. First, with respect to the working electrode 10 before being bonded to the counter electrode 20, the absorption spectrum in the measurement wavelength range of 350 nm to 850 nm was measured on the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 on which the dye 13 was supported using a UV spectrum meter. This absorption spectrum was used as initial data (FIG. 3A). Next, after producing a dye-sensitized solar cell (cell) as described above, it is decomposed, and the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 of the working electrode 10 is washed with acetonitrile, and an absorption spectrum is obtained as in the initial data. It was measured. This absorption spectrum was used as data after cell evaluation (FIG. 3B).
- the absorbance after the cell evaluation at the wavelength of 650 nm near the absorption peak is The absorbance after initial immersion was slightly lower than that of the initial data, and the absorbance after immersion in 10 wt% water-containing acetonitrile for 2 hours was slightly lower than the absorbance after cell evaluation.
- the absorbance after cell evaluation at the wavelength of 700 nm near the absorption peak is the initial data absorbance.
- the absorbance after immersion in water-containing acetonitrile for 2 hours was significantly lower than the absorbance after cell evaluation. That is, when the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 carrying the dye was immersed in acetonitrile containing an electrolytic solution or moisture, the peeling of the dye occurred significantly in Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2. In No. 2, peeling of the pigment 13 was suppressed. From this result, the structure shown in the chemical formula (1) has the cyano group introduced into the methine chain skeleton together with the anchor group, so that the adsorptivity of the dye to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is increased and it is difficult to peel off. Conceivable.
- the dye has the cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1), so that the substrate containing the metal oxide semiconductor material (metal oxide) It has been confirmed that the fixability to the semiconductor layer 12) can be increased.
- Examples 3-1 to 3-8 Instead of the compound represented by the chemical formula (7) as the dye, the chemical formula (8), the chemical formula (9), the chemical formula (35), the chemical formula ( 47) A dye-sensitized solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the compounds represented by chemical formulas (158) to (161) were used.
- Example 2 The conversion efficiencies of the dye-sensitized solar cells of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1-1 together with Examples 3-1 to 3-8 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-7 were examined. Results were obtained. Moreover, about the Example and the comparative example, the residual rate of the pigment
- Comparative examples corresponding to Examples 2 and 3-1 are Comparative Examples 1-1 and 2-1
- Comparative examples corresponding to Example 3-2 are Comparative Examples 2-3 and Example 3-3
- the corresponding comparative example is Comparative Example 2-4
- the comparative example corresponding to Example 3-4 is Comparative Example 2-5
- the comparative example corresponding to Examples 3-5 and 3-6 is Comparative Example 2.
- the comparative example corresponding to Examples 3-7 and 3-8 is Comparative Example 2-7.
- the conversion efficiency was obtained by the following calculation method using an AM1.5 (1000 W / m 2 ) solar simulator as the light source.
- AM1.5 1000 W / m 2
- the voltage of the dye-sensitized solar cell was swept with a source meter, and the response current was measured.
- a value obtained by multiplying the value obtained by dividing the maximum output, which is the product of the voltage and current by the light intensity per 1 cm 2 , by multiplying by 100 was defined as the conversion efficiency ( ⁇ :%). That is, the conversion efficiency is expressed by (maximum output / 1 light intensity per 1 cm 2 ) ⁇ 100.
- the residual ratio of the dye When examining the residual ratio of the dye, initial data and data after immersion for 2 hours in acetonitrile containing 10% by weight of water were measured by the same procedure as the above peeling test, and the peak intensity of the dye in each spectrum was examined. Subsequently, assuming that the peak intensity of the dye in the initial data was 100%, the residual ratio of the dye was calculated from the ratio of the peak intensity of the dye in the data after immersion for 2 hours in acetonitrile containing 10% by weight of water. In this case, the absorption of the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was canceled by the difference spectrum, and the residual ratio of the dye was calculated from the peak intensity of the dye.
- Examples 2,3-1, 3-3, 3-5, and 3-6 the conversion efficiency was 0.9% or more and the residual ratio of the dye was 60% or more.
- any one of the heterocycles bonded to both ends of the methine chain includes an indolenine skeleton.
- the conversion efficiency was higher than that of Example 3-3 having no indolenine skeleton. This also showed the same tendency in the comparisons of Comparative Examples 2-4 and 2-6.
- both of the heterocycles when one of the heterocycles bonded to both ends of the methine chain contains an indolenine skeleton, both of the heterocycles have a planarity of the whole compound rather than an indolenine skeleton such as a thiazole skeleton.
- the planarity of the entire compound is lowered, and the formation of aggregates is considered to be suppressed.
- examples of the skeleton in which the planarity of the entire compound can be made higher than that of the indolenine skeleton include an imidazole skeleton, a tellurazole skeleton, and a serelazole skeleton.
- Example 2 the conversion efficiency in Example 2 was higher than that in Example 3-1.
- the ring A and the ring B include a benzene ring having a methoxy group that is an electron donating group, so that the electron injection efficiency to the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 is further increased. Represents becoming higher.
- Examples 3-2, 3-4, 3-7, and 3-8 the conversion efficiency was higher than that in Examples 2 and 3-1.
- a sterically bulky group such as an alkyl group having 10 to 12 carbon atoms or a benzyl group is introduced as at least one of R9, R10, R12, and R13. This indicates that the steric size of the entire molecule is increased, and the proportion of aggregates that do not contribute to photoelectric conversion in the dye is reduced.
- the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed by a sintering method and contained zinc oxide. That is, when the dye 13 contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1), the conversion efficiency and the residual ratio of the dye are improved. In this case, as in the compound represented by the chemical formula (3), any one of the heterocyclic rings bonded to both ends of the methine chain contains an indolenine skeleton, so that the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the conversion efficiency is further improved, and in addition, carbon as one of R9 to R13 in the chemical formula (4). If a sterically bulky group such as an alkyl group having 6 to 25 atoms or a group represented by chemical formula (2) is introduced, the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the dye in this example has a cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1), so that the electron injection efficiency can be improved as well as the fixing property with respect to the substrate including the metal oxide semiconductor material.
- ring A and ring B in chemical formula (4) are benzene rings having a methoxy group, higher electron injection efficiency can be obtained, and sterically bulky groups as R9 to R13 in chemical formula (4) can be obtained. It has been confirmed that higher electron injection efficiency can be obtained if is introduced.
- Examples 4-1 to 4-9 The same procedure as in Examples 2, 3-1 to 3-8 was performed, except that the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed by electrolytic deposition.
- 40 ml of an electrolytic bath solution adjusted to have concentrations of eosin Y (30 ⁇ mol / dm 3 ), zinc chloride (5 mmol / dm 3 ), potassium chloride (0.09 mol / dm 3 ) with respect to water;
- a counter electrode made of a zinc plate and a reference electrode made of a silver / silver chloride electrode were prepared.
- the temperature of the solution in the electrolytic bath was set to 70 ° C., and 60 minutes was produced on the surface of the conductive substrate 11 while bubbling constant potential electrolysis at a potential of ⁇ 1.0 V. Filmed.
- the substrate was immersed in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution (pH 11) without drying, and then washed with water to desorb eosin Y. Subsequently, it was dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-6 The same procedure as in Comparative Examples 1-1, 2-3, and 2-7 was performed, except that the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed by electrolytic deposition as in Examples 4-1 to 4-9.
- Example 4 When the conversion efficiencies of these dye-sensitized solar cells of Examples 4-1 to 4-9 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-6 were examined in the same manner as in Example 2, the results shown in Table 4 were obtained. It was.
- the correspondence between each example in Table 4 and the comparative example is as follows.
- the comparative example corresponding to Examples 4-1 and 4-2 is Comparative Example 3-1
- the comparative example corresponding to Example 4-3 is Comparative Example 3-2
- corresponds to Example 4-4 The comparative example is Comparative Example 3-3
- the comparative example corresponding to Example 4-5 is Comparative Example 3-4
- the comparative example corresponding to Examples 4-6 and 4-7 is Comparative Example 3-5.
- the comparative example corresponding to Examples 4-8 and 4-9 is Comparative Example 3-6.
- the same results as in Table 3 were obtained when the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed by electrolytic deposition. That is, in Examples 4-1 to 4-9 in which the dye 13 includes a compound represented by the chemical formula (7) having a cyano group introduced into the methine chain skeleton together with the anchor group, the cyano group is introduced into the methine chain skeleton. The conversion efficiency was higher than that of the corresponding Comparative Examples 3-1 to 2-6 using the uncolored dye.
- the conversion efficiency is about 1% or more, and among these, Examples 4-4, 4-6, and Comparing 4-7, Examples 4-6 and 4-7, in which either one of the heterocyclic rings bonded to both ends of the methine chain includes an indolenine skeleton, Examples 4-4 having no indolenine skeleton
- the conversion efficiency was higher than that. Further, the conversion efficiency in Example 4-1 was higher than that in Example 4-2.
- the conversion efficiency in Examples 4-3, 4-5, 4-8, and 4-9 the conversion efficiency was higher than that in Examples 4-1 and 4-2.
- the conversion efficiency is improved when the dye 13 contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (3) any one of the heterocyclic rings bonded to both ends of the methine chain contains an indolenine skeleton, so that the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the conversion efficiency is further improved, and, among the R9, R10, R12, and R13 in the chemical formula (4), for example, if a sterically bulky group such as an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms or a group represented by chemical formula (2) is introduced, the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the dye in this example has a cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1), so that the electron injection efficiency can be improved as well as the fixing property with respect to the substrate including the metal oxide semiconductor material.
- ring A and ring B in chemical formula (4) are benzene rings having a methoxy group, higher electron injection efficiency can be obtained, and sterically bulky groups as R9 to R13 in chemical formula (4) can be obtained. It has been confirmed that higher electron injection efficiency can be obtained if is introduced.
- Examples 5-1 to 5-9 When forming the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 by the sintering method, Examples 2 and 3-1 were used except that a metal oxide slurry containing titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) powder was used instead of zinc oxide powder. The same procedure as in ⁇ 3-8 was performed. In this case, the metal oxide slurry containing titanium oxide powder was prepared as follows. First, titanium isopropoxide 125 cm 3, was added with stirring to 0.1 mol / dm 3 aqueous solution of nitric acid 750 cm 3, and 8 hours vigorously stirred at 80 ° C.. The obtained liquid was poured into a pressure vessel made of Teflon (registered trademark), and the pressure vessel was treated in an autoclave at 230 ° C.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the conversion efficiency is about 1% or more, and among these, Examples 4-4, 4-6, and Comparing 4-7, Examples 4-6 and 4-7, in which either one of the heterocyclic rings bonded to both ends of the methine chain includes an indolenine skeleton, Examples 4-4 having no indolenine skeleton
- the conversion efficiency was higher than that. Further, the conversion efficiency in Example 4-1 was higher than that in Example 4-2.
- the conversion efficiency in Examples 4-3, 4-5, 4-8, and 4-9 the conversion efficiency was higher than that in Examples 4-1 and 4-2.
- the conversion efficiency is improved when the dye 13 contains the cyanine compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (3) any one of the heterocyclic rings bonded to both ends of the methine chain contains an indolenine skeleton, so that the conversion efficiency is further improved.
- the conversion efficiency is further improved, and, among the R9, R10, R12, and R13 in the chemical formula (4), for example, if a sterically bulky group such as an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms or a group represented by chemical formula (2) is introduced, the conversion efficiency is further improved. Therefore, it was confirmed that the dye in this example has a cyanine structure represented by the chemical formula (1), so that the electron injection efficiency can be improved as well as the fixing property with respect to the substrate including the metal oxide semiconductor material. .
- Examples 4-1 to 4-9 in which the metal oxide semiconductor layer 12 was formed by electrolytic deposition were used.
- the conversion efficiency was higher than those of Examples 2 and 3-1 to 3-8 formed by the sintering method.
- the conversion efficiency is higher than those in Examples 2 and 3-1 to 3-8 containing zinc oxide by the same formation method. It became low.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited to the modes described in the above embodiments and examples, and various modifications can be made.
- the usage application of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the usage already described, and may be other usages.
- Other applications include, for example, an optical sensor.
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Abstract
Description
上記実施の形態で説明した色素の具体例として、上記した化学式(I)および化学反応式(III )に従って、化学式(4)に示した化合物である化学式(7)に示した化合物を合成した。
化学式(8)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-2)に示したように、化学式(162-1)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(162-2)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして、化学式(164-2)で表されるインドレニウム塩を得た。次に、この化学式(164-2)に示したインドレニウム塩を、化学式(164-1)に示したインドレニウム塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は50%であった。
化学式(9)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-3)に示したように、化学式(162-1)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(162-3)で表される化合物を用いると共に、化学式(163-1)に示した化合物に代えて化学式(163-2)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして、化学式(164-3)で表されるインドレニウム塩を得た。次に、この化学式(164-3)に示したインドレニウム塩を、化学式(164-1)に示したインドレニウム塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は2.3%であった。
化学式(35)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-4)に示したように、化学式(162-3)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(164-4)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-3と同様にして化学式(162-4)で表される塩(4級アンモニウム塩)を得た。次に、この化学式(164-4)に示した化合物を、化学式(164-3)に示したインドレニウム塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-3と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は6.3%であった。
化学式(47)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-5)に示したように、化学式(164-5A)で表されるインドレニン化合物と、化学式(164-5B)で表される化合物と、酢酸と、水とを混合することにより、化学式(164-5C)で表されるインドレニウム塩を得た。次に、この化学式(164-5C)に示したインドレニウム塩を、化学反応式(III -1)において化学式(164-1)に示したインドレニウム塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は8.7%であった。
化学式(158)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-6)に示したように、化学式(162-1)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(162-6)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-1と同様にして化学式(164-6)で表される塩を得た。
化学式(159)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-7)に示したように、化学式(162-3)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(162-6)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-3と同様にして化学式(164-6)で表される塩を得た。続いて、実施例1-5と同様に化学反応式(III -2A),化学反応式(III -2B)に示したように化学式(174B)に示した中間体を得た。最後に、化学式(164-6)に示した塩を、化学反応式(III -2C)における化学式(164-5)に示した塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-5と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は、25%であった。
化学式(160)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、実施例1-3と同様に化学反応式(I-3)に示したように化学式(164-3)に示したインドレニウム塩を得た。続いて、実施例1-5と同様に化学反応式(III -2A),化学反応式(III -2B)に示したように化学式(174B)に示した中間体を得た。最後に、化学式(164-3)に示したインドレニウム塩を、化学反応式(III -2C)における化学式(164-5)に示した塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-5と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は、1.1%であった。
化学式(161)に示した化合物を合成した。この際、まず、化学反応式(I-8)に示したように、化学式(162-3)に示した化合物に代えて、化学式(162-7)で表される化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例1-3と同様にして化学式(164-7)で表されるインドレニウム塩を得た。続いて、実施例1-5と同様に化学反応式(III -2A),化学反応式(III -2B)に示したように化学式(174B)に示した中間体を得た。最後に、化学式(164-7)に示したインドレニウム塩を、化学反応式(III -2C)における化学式(164-5)に示した塩に代えて用いたことを除き、実施例1-5と同様にして最終生成物を得た。この場合の収率は、22%であった。
実施例1-1で合成した化学式(7)に示した化合物を用いて、上記実施の形態で説明した光電変換素子の具体例として、色素増感型太陽電池を以下の手順により作製した。
色素として、化学式(7)に示した化合物に代えて、以下の化学式(175)に示した色素(比較例1-1)あるいは化学式(176)に示した色素(比較例1-2)を用いたことを除き、実施例2と同様の手順を経た。
色素として化学式(7)に示した化合物に代えて、表3に示したように実施例1-2~1-9で合成した化学式(8),化学式(9),化学式(35),化学式(47),化学式(158)~化学式(161)に示した化合物を用いたことを除き、実施例2と同様にして色素増感型太陽電池を作製した。
色素として化学式(7)に示した化合物に代えて、表3に示したように下記の化学式(177)~化学式(183)に示した色素を用いたことを除き、実施例2と同様にして色素増感型太陽電池を作製した。
電解析出法により金属酸化物半導体層12を形成したことを除き、実施例2,3-1~3-8と同様の手順を経た。この場合には、水に対してエオシンY(30μmol/dm3 )、塩化亜鉛(5mmol/dm3 )、塩化カリウム(0.09mol/dm3 )の濃度になるように調整した電解浴液40mlと、亜鉛板よりなる対極と、銀/塩化銀電極よりなる参照電極とを用意した。続いて、電解浴を酸素により15分間バブリングしたのち、電解浴中の溶液の温度を70℃とし、60分、電位-1.0Vの定電位電解をバブリングしながら導電性基板11の表面に製膜した。この基板を、乾燥させることなく水酸化カリウム水溶液(pH11)に浸漬し、そののち水洗することによりエオシンYを脱着した。続いて、150℃、30分間乾燥させた。
実施例4-1~4-9と同様に電解析出法により金属酸化物半導体層12を形成したことを除き、比較例1-1,2-3~2-7と同様の手順を経た。
焼結法により金属酸化物半導体層12を形成する際に、酸化亜鉛粉末に代えて、酸化チタン(TiO2 )粉末を含む金属酸化物スラリーを用いたことを除き、実施例2,3-1~3-8と同様の手順を経た。この場合、酸化チタン粉末を含む金属酸化物スラリーは、以下のように調整した。まず、チタンイソプロポキシド125cm3 を、0.1mol/dm3 硝酸水溶液750cm3 に攪拌しながら添加し、80℃で8時間激しく攪拌した。得られた液体をテフロン(登録商標)製の圧力容器に注ぎ入れ、その圧力容器を230℃、16時間オートクレーブにて処理した。そののちオートクレーブ処理した沈殿物を含む液体(ゾル液)を攪拌することにより再懸濁させた。続いて、この懸濁液を吸引濾過して再懸濁しなかった沈殿物を除き、ゾル状の濾液をエバポレータで酸化チタン濃度が11質量%になるまで濃縮した。こののち、濃縮液に基板への塗れ性を高めるためにTriton X-100を1滴添加した。続いて、平均粒径30nmの酸化チタン粉末(日本アエロジル社製P-25)をこのゾル状の濃縮液に、酸化チタンの含有率が全体として33質量%となるように加え、自転公転を利用した遠心撹拌を1時間行い、分散させて金属酸化物スラリーを調整した。
実施例5-1~5-9と同様に焼結法により金属酸化物半導体層12を形成する際に、酸化亜鉛粉末に代えて、酸化チタン(TiO2 )粉末を含む金属酸化物スラリーを用いたことを除き、比較例1-1,2-3~2-7と同様の手順を経た。
Claims (19)
- 色素と、この色素を担持した担持体とを有する電極を備えた光電変換素子であって、
前記色素は、化学式(1)で表されるシアニン化合物を含む
ことを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- 前記化学式(1)に示したシアニン化合物は、化学式(3)で表される化合物である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記化学式(3)に示したR9およびR10のうちの少なくとも1つは、炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記化学式(3)に示した化合物は、化学式(4)で表される化合物である
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記化学式(4)に示した環Aおよび環Bは、いずれもメトキシ基を有するベンゼン環である
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記化学式(4)に示したR9、R10、R12およびR13のうちの少なくとも1つは、炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記化学式(4)に示したR9、R10、R12およびR13は、いずれも炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項4ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記Qは、炭素原子数5のメチン鎖を骨格とすると共にそのメチン鎖の中心の炭素原子にシアノ基が導入された連結基である
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記アンカー基は、-CH2 -CH2 -C(=O)-OHで表される基あるいは-CH2 -CH2 -C(=O)-O- で表される基である
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 前記担持体は、電解析出法により形成されると共に酸化亜鉛(ZnO)を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 化学式(1)で表されるシアニン構造を有する
ことを特徴とする光電変換素子用色素。
- 前記化学式(1)に示したシアニン構造は、化学式(3)で表される構造である
ことを特徴とする請求項11記載の光電変換素子用色素。
- 前記化学式(3)に示したR9およびR10のうちの少なくとも1つは、炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項12記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記化学式(3)に示した構造は、化学式(4)で表される構造である
ことを特徴とする請求項12記載の光電変換素子用色素。
- 前記化学式(4)に示した環Aおよび環Bは、いずれもメトキシ基を有するベンゼン環である
ことを特徴とする請求項14記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記化学式(4)に示したR9、R10、R12およびR13のうちの少なくとも1つは、炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項14または請求項15に記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記化学式(4)に示したR9、R10、R12およびR13は、いずれも炭素原子数6以上25以下のアルキル基である
ことを特徴とする請求項14ないし請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記Qは、炭素原子数5のメチン鎖を骨格とすると共にそのメチン鎖の中心の炭素原子にシアノ基が導入された連結基である
ことを特徴とする請求項11ないし請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子用色素。 - 前記アンカー基は、-CH2 -CH2 -C(=O)-OHで表される基あるいは-CH2 -CH2 -C(=O)-O- で表される基である
ことを特徴とする請求項11ないし請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子用色素。
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- 2009-09-09 EP EP09817626.6A patent/EP2330680B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-09-09 WO PCT/JP2009/065713 patent/WO2010038589A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-09-09 US US13/062,136 patent/US8884029B2/en active Active
- 2009-09-09 CN CN200980139355.6A patent/CN102187513B/zh active Active
- 2009-09-09 KR KR1020107027963A patent/KR101236035B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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WO2011104992A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Tdk株式会社 | 光電変換素子及び光電変換素子用色素 |
JP2011181286A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Tdk Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
US8835651B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2014-09-16 | Adeka Corporation | Photoelectric conversion element and dye for photoelectric conversion element |
JP5755724B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2015-07-29 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | 光電変換素子及び色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2013146933A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | グンゼ株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池及び色素増感太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPWO2013146933A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-12-14 | 株式会社Adeka | 色素増感太陽電池及び色素増感太陽電池の製造方法 |
JP2016521452A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-21 | ブリット,エドワード,ジェー. | エネルギー変換デバイスならびにその作成および使用方法 |
WO2015029771A1 (ja) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | 株式会社Adeka | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
JPWO2015029771A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-29 | 2017-03-02 | 株式会社Adeka | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
US9881745B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2018-01-30 | Adeka Corporation | Dye sensitized solar cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2330680B1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
US20150027542A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
KR101236035B1 (ko) | 2013-02-21 |
US20110155249A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
CN102187513A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
EP2330680A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
KR20110008324A (ko) | 2011-01-26 |
CN102187513B (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
US9424999B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
JPWO2010038589A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
JP5442625B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2330680A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
US8884029B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
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