WO2010009668A1 - 秸秆发酵工艺及装置 - Google Patents

秸秆发酵工艺及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010009668A1
WO2010009668A1 PCT/CN2009/072844 CN2009072844W WO2010009668A1 WO 2010009668 A1 WO2010009668 A1 WO 2010009668A1 CN 2009072844 W CN2009072844 W CN 2009072844W WO 2010009668 A1 WO2010009668 A1 WO 2010009668A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fermenter
valve
fermentation
orange
temperature sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/072844
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈宜亮
赵建忠
李荣军
张少朋
王太涛
王彤
陈智国
Original Assignee
胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CNA2008101388112A external-priority patent/CN101376896A/zh
Priority claimed from CNU200820026513XU external-priority patent/CN201246979Y/zh
Priority claimed from CNA2008101388108A external-priority patent/CN101372377A/zh
Application filed by 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 filed Critical 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司
Priority to US13/055,426 priority Critical patent/US9217162B2/en
Publication of WO2010009668A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010009668A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023Methane
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/16Solid state fermenters, e.g. for koji production
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for anaerobic treatment of agricultural waste, livestock breeding waste and industrial waste water, in particular to a process and a device for combining dry fermentation and hydraulic cycle fermentation, and requires preventing backflow of materials in a sealed container and not mixing therein. Other media.
  • anaerobic fermentation methods and equipment mainly have a fully stirred anaerobic fermentation process (CSTR).
  • CSTR fully stirred anaerobic fermentation process
  • anaerobic contact process reactor upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)
  • the materials targeted by the equipment are mainly livestock breeding manure. Since the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the orange stalk is much higher than the carbon-nitrogen ratio required for anaerobic fermentation, the agricultural stalk material cannot be fermented.
  • the tank is easy to corrode, poor sealing, susceptible to anaerobic bacteria; 3 complex equipment, fermenter must be equipped with a dedicated gas storage cabinet, large area, poor operational safety; 4 due to cycle
  • the filler and discharge cause the equipment to start frequently, waste the daytime, and the efficiency is low.
  • the material is generally added from the top of the tank, and the mixing is not enough, which may cause the top to agglomerate. 6
  • a pneumatic conveying device used has the following disadvantages or deficiencies: 1 pneumatic conveying device
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a orange stalk fermentation process and device, which are specifically targeted
  • the same can also be applied to materials such as livestock and animal husbandry, filling the current crop orange stalk fermentation device.
  • the blanks greatly improve the scope and versatility of the device.
  • Hydraulically driven it can achieve sealed conveying, and has good sealing performance, strong overload capacity and low energy consumption.
  • a orange stalk fermentation process comprising the following sequence of process steps: (A) feeding; (B)
  • the temperature inside the fermenter is detected by a temperature sensor disposed on the device (I), ( ⁇ ).
  • the control system of the device is automatically turned on, and the circulating pump draws the material in the fermenter.
  • the device ( ⁇ ) is circulated in this step to stir the material in the fermenter, and the same temperature is reached, and the newly added material in the device (I) is stirred by the stirrer. Mix thoroughly with the fungus in the tank; Step (C
  • the heat exchange of the material in the medium fermentation device into the heat exchange device is an external circulation heating mode.
  • the material in the fermenter is pumped by a circulation pump during heating, and a vortex is formed in the fermentation device for agitation, and the material in the device (I) is a double agitation combined with mechanical agitation and water agitation of the heat exchanger inlet and outlet.
  • the method is characterized in that the biogas is discharged from the exhaust port of the fermenter to the user, the biogas slurry is discharged from the liquid discharge port, and the biogas residue is discharged from the bottom outlet.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a orange stalk fermentation process and apparatus
  • the automatic control and the heat exchange structure outside the tank are used to effectively ferment the agricultural orange stalks.
  • the customer has the shortcomings that the existing equipment cannot handle the agricultural orange stalks, and the special treatment equipment for the orange stalks is processed.
  • Orange stalk fermentation process device including (I) dry fermentation device, ( ⁇ ) hydraulic cycle fermentation device and (m) The orange stalk pusher, the device (I) comprises a fermenter 16, a reducer 17, a stirrer 18, a heat exchanger 27, a orange stem valve 11, a temperature sensor 22 and a controller 20, characterized in that the fermenter 16 is mounted on top There is a reducer 17, and the agitator 18 is connected to the reducer 17, and the fermenter 16
  • a protective valve connected in sequence is installed on the outer side of the outer side. 12, orange stalk gate valve 11
  • the pusher the lower part of the other side is equipped with a motor valve 23 connected in sequence, a material circulation pump 26, a check valve 24, a heat exchanger 27, a material return pipe 25 and a temperature sensor 22
  • the middle part is provided with a discharge port
  • the upper part is installed with a biogas outlet 19
  • the controller 20 is installed in the fermenter 16b, and the speed reducer 17, the electric valve 23, the material circulation pump 26 and the temperature sensor 22
  • the device ( ⁇ ) includes a fermenter 33, a heat exchange device 27, a feed port 21, an inner membrane 35, an outer membrane
  • Safety valve 36 discharge valve 38, blower 39, temperature sensor 32, electric valve 31, circulation pump
  • the top of the tank is sequentially provided with an inner membrane 34 and an outer membrane 35, and a safety valve is mounted on the upper portion of the outer membrane 35.
  • An inflator chamber is formed between the inner membrane 35 and the outer membrane 34, and the blower 39
  • the pipe is connected to the plenum chamber, and a temperature sensor 32 is mounted on the lower portion of the tank.
  • the control system 20 is installed outside the fermenter 33 and is electrically connected to the circulation pump 29, the electric valve 31, the temperature sensor 32, and the blower 39.
  • the device (m) comprises a hopper 7, a support frame 14, a control system 20
  • Hydraulic system the hydraulic system includes a hydraulic cylinder 3, a hydraulic pump station 1, a hydraulic pipe 2, a piston 15, a piston rod 5, and a feed passage 13
  • the upper part of the hopper is a square tubular shape, and the lower part is a cone-shaped funnel structure.
  • the upper part is installed with a material level sensor, and the lower part is connected with a hydraulic system.
  • the hydraulic system and the material level sensor are electrically connected with the control system, mainly with fermentation. Application in process or pressure vessel matching or similar process requirements.
  • the agitator is a spiral structure, the upper end of which is connected to the reducer, and the lower end is mounted on the inner bottom surface of the fermenter.
  • the outlet end of the heat exchanger is connected with a material return pipe, the material return pipe is connected with the fermenter, and the inlet end is connected with the check valve.
  • the discharge port is an electric valve installed on the fermenter, and is connected to the controller through a circuit; the heat exchanger is connected to the fermenter through a connecting pipe and a check valve, an electric valve and a circulation pump connected thereto .
  • the level sensors are respectively installed at upper and lower limit positions.
  • the lower end of the hopper is connected to the hydraulic passage of the hydraulic system.
  • a limit sensor or a limit switch for restricting movement of the piston is mounted in the hydraulic cylinder, and is electrically connected to the control system.
  • the control system is a PLC
  • the controller captures and processes the sensor and transmitter signals installed on all devices.
  • the conveying process is sealed and no other medium needs to be added, and the level sensor is set in the lower hopper.
  • the external device starts to feed the device, effectively preventing the lower level.
  • the material in the hopper is not enough to allow air to enter the fermentation unit or other pressure vessel;
  • the materials used in the bottom of the fermenter are mixed with the mechanical agitation and the material is stirred under reflux to make the materials fully mixed, avoiding the fact that the materials are added from the top, the mixing is uneven, and the top of the material is easy to agglomerate;
  • the heating process of the feed liquid acts as a refluxing material for the material, which improves the efficiency of the system and saves investment [20].
  • the heating process uses external circulation heating to avoid the disadvantage that the heating pipe system is corroded and difficult to maintain in the tank.
  • the fermentation unit is also used as a gas storage cabinet, so that it is not necessary to build another gas cabinet, saving investment and reducing the floor space;
  • the gas storage system has no guide rails, no lifting pistons, no need for counterweights;
  • the device is simple in structure, easy to maintain, has fewer failure points, has a low failure rate, and has low operating costs.
  • a orange stalk fermentation process comprising the following sequence of process steps: (A) feeding; (B)
  • the temperature inside the fermenter is detected by a temperature sensor disposed on the device (I), ( ⁇ ).
  • the control system of the device is automatically turned on, and the circulating pump draws the material in the fermenter.
  • the device ( ⁇ ) is circulated in this step to stir the material in the fermenter, and the same temperature is reached, and the device (I) is stirred by the stirrer and the bacteria in the tank Substance is thoroughly mixed; step (C)
  • the heat exchange of the material in the medium fermentation device into the heat exchange device is an external circulation heating mode. Inside the fermenter
  • the material is pumped by the circulation pump during the heating process, and a vortex is formed in the fermentation device for agitation, and the material in the device (I) is a double agitation combined with mechanical agitation and water agitation of the heat exchanger inlet and outlet.
  • the method is characterized in that the biogas is discharged from the exhaust port of the fermenter to the user, the biogas slurry is discharged from the liquid discharge port, and the biogas residue is discharged from the bottom outlet.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a orange stalk fermentation process apparatus
  • the automatic control and the heat exchange structure outside the tank are used to effectively ferment the agricultural orange stalks.
  • the customer has the shortcomings that the existing equipment cannot handle the agricultural orange stalks, and the special treatment equipment for the orange stalks is processed.
  • the temperature sensor 22 and the controller 20 are characterized in that a reducer is mounted on the top of the fermentor 16
  • the reducer 17 is connected to the agitator 18, fermenter 16
  • a protective valve connected in sequence is installed on the outer side of the outer side. 12, orange stalk gate valve 11
  • the middle part is provided with a discharge port
  • the upper part is installed with a biogas outlet 19
  • the controller 20 is installed in the fermenter 16b, and the speed reducer 17, the electric valve 23, the material circulation pump 24 and the temperature sensor 22
  • the apparatus ( ⁇ ) includes a fermentor 33, a heat exchanger 27, a feed port 21, an inner membrane 35, an outer membrane 34, a safety valve 36, a discharge valve 38, a blower 39, a temperature sensor 32, an electric valve 31, and a circulation pump 30. , check valve 29 and control system 20.
  • the outer side of the fermenter 33 is equipped with a heat exchanger 27 and an electric valve 31, and the other side is equipped with a biogas outlet valve 37 and a discharge valve 38.
  • the top of the tank is sequentially provided with an inner membrane 35 and an outer membrane 34.
  • a safety valve 36, an inner membrane 35 and an outer membrane 34 are mounted on the upper portion of the membrane 34.
  • the pipe is connected to the plenum chamber, and a temperature sensor 32 is mounted on the lower portion of the tank.
  • the control system 20 is mounted outside the fermentor 33 and is electrically connected to the circulation pump 30, the electric valve 31, the temperature sensor 32, and the blower 39.
  • the device (m) comprises a hopper 7, a support frame 14, a control system 20
  • a hydraulic system comprising a hydraulic cylinder 3, a hydraulic pump station 1, a hydraulic line 2, a piston 15, a piston rod 5 and a feed passage 13.
  • the upper part is equipped with level sensors 8 and 9, and the lower part is connected with the hydraulic system.
  • the hydraulic system and level sensors 8, 9 are electrically coupled to the control system 20, primarily in conjunction with a fermentation unit or pressure vessel or a process application similar to the feed requirements.
  • the lower ends are attached to the inner bottom surface of the fermentor 16.
  • the inlet end is connected to the check valves 26, 29.
  • the discharge port is installed in the fermenter 16 Above, an electric valve 23 electrically connected to the control system 20; the heat exchanger 27
  • the fermentor 16 is communicated through a connecting pipe and a check valve 26 connected thereto, an electric valve 23, and a circulation pump 24.
  • the device ( ⁇ ) fermenter 33 For high-profile structures with small diameter and high height, the device ( ⁇ ) fermenter 33
  • the lower end is connected to the hydraulic passage of the hydraulic system.
  • a limit sensor or limit switch 6 for restricting the movement of the piston 15 is mounted in the hydraulic cylinder 3, and is electrically connected to the control system 20.
  • the control system 20 is a PLC controller that captures and processes the sensors and transmitter signals installed on all devices.
  • Control system 20 operates the hydraulic pump station 1, allowing pressurized oil to enter the left side of the hydraulic cylinder 4
  • hydraulically actuated piston 15 moves forward and pushes feed channel 13
  • the shutter forms a sealed cavity.
  • the stalk gate valve 11 is closed, the piston rod 5
  • the pressure inside is constantly increasing and the pressure is collected into the control system.
  • control system 20 operates the orange stalk gate valve 11 to close. Peer, control system 20
  • the hydraulic pump station Operate the hydraulic pump station to allow pressurized oil to enter the right chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 4.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the piston 15 to start the return stroke.
  • the piston 15 returns to a certain position, the lower hopper 7 starts to blank.
  • Piston 15 continues to move, reaching the lower limit position 3 ⁇ , the feed is completed.
  • the control system 20 operates the hydraulic pump station, and the hydraulic cylinder 4 drives the piston rod 5 to move forward.
  • the level sensor is set in the hopper 7 8, 9, when
  • the function is to protect the tank body from the failure of the orange stalk gate valve.
  • the new material is thoroughly mixed with the original material in the tank through the stirrer 18, and the same material is thoroughly mixed with the fungus in the tank to start the fermentation reaction, the agitator 18 and the reducer 17
  • the control system 20 turns on the material circulation pump 24 to pump the material to the heat exchanger 27, when the temperature rises, Heat exchanger 27
  • the heat exchange takes place inside and passes through the material return pipe under the pressure of the material circulation pump 24.
  • the inside is maintained at the set fermentation temperature, and the same feed liquid acts as a liquid reflux agitation under the pressure of the material circulation pump.
  • the biogas slurry is controlled by the control system 20 to control the electric valve 21
  • the switch is turned into a hydrodynamic fermentation device for deep fermentation.
  • the temperature of the material in the fermentor 33 is detected by the temperature sensor 32.
  • the control system 20 turns on the material circulation pump 30.
  • the material is pumped to the heat exchanger 27, and when the temperature rises, heat is exchanged in the heat exchanger 27, and passes through the material return pipe 28 under the pressure of the material circulation pump 30.
  • the mixing of the liquid is also completed in the same way that the material is heated.
  • the biogas residue and the biogas slurry are discharged through the discharge valve 38.
  • the biogas produced by the fermentation process is directly supplied to the user through the biogas outlets 19 and 37 (such as civil or power generation).

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Description

秸秆发酵工艺及装置
秸秆发酵工艺及装置
[1] 1. 一、 技术领域
[2] 本发明
涉及微生物厌氧处理农业废弃物、 畜牧养殖废弃物及工业废水的方法及设备, 特别涉及一种干式发酵和水力循环发酵相结合的工艺及装置且要求防止密封容 器中的物料倒流且不能混入其他介质。
[3] 1. 二、 背景技术
[4] 目前, 厌氧发酵方法及设备主要有完全搅拌式厌氧发酵工艺 (CSTR
) 、 厌氧接触工艺反应器、 上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 (UASB
) 和升流式厌氧固体反应器 (USR
) 等。 这些方法及工艺设备存在着如下缺点或不足: ①
设备针对的物料主要是畜牧业养殖粪便, 由于桔秆碳氮比远远高于厌氧发酵本 身所需碳氮比, 尚无法对农业桔秆类物料进行发酵处理;
②多釆用内置式换热, 罐体易腐蚀, 密封不良, 易受厌氧菌影响; ③设备复杂, 发酵罐尚须配置专用储气柜, 占地面积大, 运行安全性差; ④由于周期性填料、 出料造成设备频繁启动, 浪费吋间, 效率低; ©物料一般从罐顶加入, 混合不够 充分, 易造成顶部结块现象。 ⑥配套设施多、 投资大、 运行成本高。
[5] 目前, 使用的一种气力输送装置, 存在着如下缺点或不足: ①气力输送 装置
能够实现密封输送, 但输送的物料受限制, 不宜输送易结块和易碎的物料; ② 密封性不好, 易在输送物料过程中混入空气。
[6] 三、 发明内容
[7] 本发明的目的是提供一种桔秆发酵工艺及装置, 釆用专门针对
农作物桔秆进行厌氧发酵处理
。 同吋还可以适用于畜牧养殖业污物等物料, 填补了当前农作物桔秆发酵装置 的空白, 大大提高了装置的适用范围以及通用性。
且提供一种改进的桔秆推送器,
釆用液压驱动, 能够实现密封输送, 且密封性好, 过载能力强, 能耗小。
有效地克服或避免上述现有技术中存在的缺点或不足, 能够有效地密封输送固 体物料。
[8] 一种桔秆发酵工艺, 包括如下顺序的工艺步骤: (A ) 进料; (B
) 加热保温发酵; (C ) 出料, 其特征在于所述工艺步骤 (A;) 、 ( B ) . ( C ) 是在装置 (I ) 、 (Π) 中进行的, 步骤 (A
) 是由装置 (m) 将粉碎后的桔秆物料由发酵装置 (I) 的底部推入, 经过装置
(I) 发酵后由出料口自然流入装置 (Π) ; 步骤 (B
) 是通过设置于装置 (I) 、 (Π) 上的温度传感器检测发酵罐内温度, 当其温 度低于设计温度吋, 由本装置的控制***自动开启, 循环泵将发酵罐内的物料 抽到换热装置中, 温度升高后物料经循环泵返回发酵罐中, 装置 (Π) 循环此步 骤搅拌发酵罐中的物料, 同吋达到设计温度, 装置 (I) 内新加入物料经搅拌器 搅拌与罐内菌类物质充分混合; 步骤 (C
) 是物料在发酵罐内为断发酵产生沼气, 沼渣和沼液, 从各自的出口排出。
[9] 所述步骤 (B
) 中发酵装置中物料被泵入换热装置中的换热是外循环加热方式。 所述发酵罐 内的物料在加热过程中由循环泵抽送吋, 在发酵装置内形成涡流进行搅拌, 且 装置 (I) 中物料为机械搅拌和换热器进出口水力搅拌相结合的双重搅拌。 所述 其特征在于所述沼气自发酵罐排气口排到用户, 沼液从排液口排出, 沼渣自底 部出口排出。
[10] 本发明的另一目的是提供一种桔秆发酵工艺及装置,
釆用自动控制和罐外热交换结构, 有效地对农业桔秆进行发酵, 客服了现有设 备不能对农业桔秆进行处理的缺点, 使桔秆处理有了专用设备,
产生供发电机组发电或用户使用的沼气。
[11] 本发明所述的
桔秆发酵工艺装置, 包括 (I) 干式发酵装置、 (π) 水力循环发酵装置和 (m) 桔秆推送器, 装置 (I) 包括发酵罐 16、 减速机 17、 搅拌器 18、 换热器 27 、 桔秆阀 11、 温度传感器 22和控制器 20, 其特征在于所述发酵罐 16 顶部安装有减速机 17, 减速机 17下连接着搅拌器 18, 发酵罐 16
外侧面一边安装有顺次连接的保护阀 12、 桔秆闸阀 11
和推料器, 另一边下部安装有顺次连接的电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 26、 止回阀 24、 换热器 27、 物料回流管 25和温度传感器 22
, 中部安装有出料口, 上部安装有沼气出口 19, 控制器 20安装于发酵罐 16 夕卜, 与减速机 17、 电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 26和温度传感器 22
电连接。 装置 (Π) 包括发酵罐 33、 换热装置 27、 进料口 21、 内膜 35、 外膜
34、 安全阀 36、 出料阀 38、 鼓风机 39、 温度传感器 32、 电动阀 31、 循环泵
29、 止回阀 30和控制*** 20, 其特征在于所述发酵罐 33外一侧安装有换热器
27和进料阀 21另一侧安装有沼气出口阀 37和出料阀 38
, 罐顶部顺次安装有内膜 34和外膜 35, 该外膜 35上部安装有安全阀 36
, 内膜 35和外膜 34之间构成充气腔, 所述鼓风机 39
及管道与该充气腔相连通, 罐下部安装有温度传感器 32, 所述控制*** 20 安装于发酵罐 33外, 与循环泵 29、 电动阀 31、 温度传感器 32和鼓风机 39 电连接。 装置 (m) 包括料斗 7、 支撑架 14、 控制*** 20
、 液压***, 所述液压***包括液压缸 3、 液压泵站 1、 液压管道 2、 活塞 15 、 活塞杆 5和进料通道 13
, 所述料斗上部为方筒状、 下部为锥形的漏斗式结构, 其上部安装有料位传感 器, 下部与液压***相连接, 所述液压***和料位传感器与控制***电连接, 主要与发酵装置或压力容器配套或类似进料要求的工艺中应用。
[12] 其中, 所述搅拌器为螺旋式结构, 其上端与减速机相连接, 下端安装于发酵罐 内底面上。 所述换热器出口端与物料回流管相连接, 该物料回流管与发酵罐相 连通, 进口端与止回阀相连接。 所述出料口为安装在发酵罐上的电动阀, 通过 电路连接在控制器上; 所述换热器通过连接管及其上连接的止回阀、 电动阀和 循环泵与发酵罐相连通。 所述装
置 (I) 发酵罐直径小, 高度大的细高型结构、 装置 (Π) 为直径大、 高度小的 扁平形结构。 所述料位传感器分别安装在上、 下限位置。 所述料斗下端与液压 ***的液压通道相连接。 所述液压缸内安装有限制活塞运动的限位传感器或限 位开关, 其与控制***电连接。 所述控制***为 PLC
控制器, 对所有装置上安装的传感器、 变送器信号进行釆取和处理。
[13] 本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
[14] 1
) 输送原料范围广, 适用性强, 不仅适用与农作物桔秆颗粒, 也适用于其他软 质固液两相混合物的进料;
[15] 2
) 输送过程为密封式输送且不需加入其他介质, 且在下料斗中设置料位传感器 , 当下料斗中的料位低于下限值吋, 外部装置开始向本装置送料, 有效的防止 了由于下料斗中物料不够而使空气进入发酵装置或其他压力容器;
[16] 3 ) 釆用液压驱动, 液压***设有安全阀可防止过载吋损坏设备;
[17] 4
) 使用原料范围广, 针对农作物桔秆设计, 同吋适用于各类污物的厌氧发酵处 理;
[18] 5
) 釆用物料由发酵罐底部加入的方式, 同吋配合机械搅拌、 物料回流搅拌, 使 物料达到了充分的混合, 避免了物料由顶部加入, 混合不均, 物料顶部易结块 的现象;
[19] 6)
料液加热过程同吋起到物料回流搅拌的作用, 提高了***的效率, 节省了投资 [20] 7
) 加热过程釆用外循环式加热, 避免了加热管系设置在罐体内易腐蚀、 难维护 的缺点。
[21] 8 ) 工艺使用过程中无需添加其他原料, 如水、 添加剂等, 节约成本;
[22] 9 ) 发酵装置兼作储气柜使用, 不必另建气柜, 节省投资, 减少占地面积; [23] 10 ) 储气***无水封、 油封和弹簧, 不怕结冰不需加温;
[24] 11 ) 储气***无导轨, 无升降活塞, 无须配重;
[25] 12 ) 装置结构简单, 易于维护, 故障点少, 故障率低, 运行成本低。
[26] 四、 附图说明
[27] 附图为本发明桔秆发酵方法的装置结构示意图。
[28] 五、 具体实施方式
[29] 一种桔秆发酵工艺, 包括如下顺序的工艺步骤: (A ) 进料; (B
) 加热保温发酵; (C ) 出料, 其特征在于所述工艺步骤 (A;) 、 ( B ) . ( C ) 是在装置 (I) 、 (Π) 中进行的, 步骤 (A
) 是由装置 (m) 将粉碎后的桔秆物料由发酵装置 (I) 的底部推入, 经过装置
(I) 发酵后由出料口自然流入装置 (Π) ; 步骤 (B
) 是通过设置于装置 (I) 、 (Π) 上的温度传感器检测发酵罐内温度, 当其温 度低于设计温度吋, 由本装置的控制***自动开启, 循环泵将发酵罐内的物料 抽到换热装置中, 温度升高后物料经循环泵返回发酵罐中, 装置 (Π) 循环此步 骤搅拌发酵罐中的物料, 同吋达到设计温度, 装置 (I) 经搅拌器搅拌与罐内菌 类物质充分混合; 步骤 (C
) 是物料在发酵罐内为断发酵产生沼气, 沼渣和沼液, 从各自的出口排出。
[30] 所述步骤 (B
) 中发酵装置中物料被泵入换热装置中的换热是外循环加热方式。 所述发酵罐 内的
物料递在加热过程中由循环泵抽送吋, 在发酵装置内形成涡流进行搅拌, 且装 置 (I) 中物料为机械搅拌和换热器进出口水力搅拌相结合的双重搅拌。 所述其 特征在于所述沼气自发酵罐排气口排到用户, 沼液从排液口排出, 沼渣自底部 出口排出。
[31] 本发明的另一目的是提供一种桔秆发酵工艺装置,
釆用自动控制和罐外热交换结构, 有效地对农业桔秆进行发酵, 客服了现有设 备不能对农业桔秆进行处理的缺点, 使桔秆处理有了专用设备,
产生供发电机组发电或用户使用的沼气。 [32] 本发明所述的桔秆发酵工艺装置,
包括 (I) 干式发酵装置、 (π) 水力循环发酵装置和 (m) 桔秆推送器, 装置 (
I) 包括发酵罐 16、 减速机 17、 搅拌器 18、 换热器 27、 桔秆阀 11
、 温度传感器 22和控制器 20, 其特征在于所述发酵罐 16顶部安装有减速机 17
, 减速机 17下连接着搅拌器 18, 发酵罐 16
外侧面一边安装有顺次连接的保护阀 12、 桔秆闸阀 11
和推料器, 另一边下部安装有顺次连接的电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 24、 止回阀 26、 换热器 27、 物料回流管 25和温度传感器 22
, 中部安装有出料口, 上部安装有沼气出口 19, 控制器 20安装于发酵罐 16 夕卜, 与减速机 17、 电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 24和温度传感器 22
电连接。 装置 (Π) 包括发酵罐 33、 换热器 27、 进料口 21、 内膜 35、 外膜 34 、 安全阀 36、 出料阀 38、 鼓风机 39、 温度传感器 32、 电动阀 31、 循环泵 30 、 止回阀 29和控制*** 20。 所述发酵罐 33外一侧安装有换热器 27和电动阀 31, 另一侧安装有沼气出口阀 37和出料阀 38, 罐顶部顺次安装有内膜 35 和外膜 34, 该外膜 34上部安装有安全阀 36, 内膜 35和外膜 34
之间构成充气腔。 所述鼓风机 39
及管道与该充气腔相连通, 罐下部安装有温度传感器 32。 所述控制*** 20 安装于发酵罐 33外, 与循环泵 30、 电动阀 31、 温度传感器 32和鼓风机 39 电连接。 装置 (m) 包括料斗 7、 支撑架 14、 控制*** 20
和液压***, 所述液压***包括液压缸 3、 液压泵站 1、 液压管道 2、 活塞 15 、 活塞杆 5和进料通道 13。 所述料斗 7
为上部呈方筒状、 下部为锥形的漏斗式结构, 其上部安装有料位传感器 8、 9 , 下部与液压***相连接。 所述液压***和料位传感器 8、 9与控制*** 20 电连接, 主要与发酵装置或压力容器配套或类似进料要求的工艺应用。
[33] 其中, 所述搅拌器 18为螺旋式结构, 其上端与减速机 17
相连接, 下端安装于发酵罐 16内底面上。 所述换热器 27出口端与物料回流管
25、 28相连接, 该物料回流管 25、 28与发酵罐 16、 33
相连通, 进口端与止回阀 26、 29相连接。 所述出料口为安装在发酵罐 16 上, 与控制*** 20电连接的电动阀 23 ; 所述换热器 27
通过连接管及其上连接的止回阀 26、 电动阀 23和循环泵 24与发酵罐 16 相连通。 所述装置 (I) 发酵罐 16
为直径小、 高度大的细高型结构, 装置 (Π) 发酵罐 33
为直径大、 高度小的扁平形结构。 所述料位传感器 8、 9
为上、 下限安装结构。 所述料斗 7
下端与液压***的液压通道相连接。 所述液压缸 3内安装有限制活塞 15 运动的限位传感器或限位开关 6, 其与控制*** 20电连接。 所述控制*** 20 为 PLC控制器, 对所有装置上安装的传感器、 变送器信号进行釆取和处理。
[34] 运行吋, 下料斗 7内固体桔秆颗粒在重力作用下进入外壳体 10的进料通道 13 。 控制*** 20操纵液压泵站 1, 使压力油进入液压缸 4左侧腔体
, 液压驱动活塞 15向前移动, 并推动进料通道 13
内的固体桔秆颗粒前进。 固体桔秆颗粒前进过程中遇到桔秆闸阀 11
闸板, 形成密封腔体。 此吋桔秆闸阀 11是关闭的, 活塞杆 5
继续向前移动, 挤压固体桔秆颗粒。 进料通道 13
内的压力不断增大, 压力被釆集到控制*** 20
的数据存储器中。 当压力达到发酵装置或压力容器内的压力值吋, 控制*** 20 操纵桔秆闸阀 11开启。 活塞 15
继续推动固体颗粒进入发酵装置或压力容器。 活塞 15移动到设定上限位置 6 吋, 控制*** 20操纵桔秆闸阀 11关闭。 同吋, 控制*** 20
操纵液压泵站, 使压力油进入液压缸 4右侧腔体。 液压缸 4带动活塞 15 开始返程。 活塞 15返程到一定位置吋, 下料斗 7开始落料。 活塞 15 继续移动, 到达下限位置 3吋, 进料完毕。 控制*** 20操纵液压泵站, 液压缸 4驱动活塞杆 5向前移动。 在料斗 7中设置了料位传感器 8、 9, 当
料位低于下限值 8吋, 外部装置开始向本装置送料, 更有效的防止了由于下料斗 7中物料不够而使空气进入压力容器。 桔秆闸阀 11打开后, 活塞 15
继续推动固体颗粒前进, 完成整个进料流程。
[35] 通过推料器将粉碎后的桔秆由桔秆干式发酵装置底部推入发酵罐 16 , 桔秆闸阀 11 (专用设备) 配合推料器完成进料过程, 防止推料过程中发酵罐 16内物料回流, 保护阀门 12
的作用是在桔秆闸阀失效吋作用, 保护罐体内物料。 新进物料通过搅拌器 18 搅拌后与罐体内原有物料进行充分混合, 同吋也与罐体内菌类物质进行了充分 的混合, 开始发酵反应, 搅拌器 18与减速机 17
配套使用, 釆用低速搅拌。 厌氧发酵过程中, 通过温度传感器 22检测发酵罐 16 内物料温度, 当温度低于设定温度吋, 控制*** 20开启物料循环泵 24 将物料抽至换热器 27, 当温度升高, 在换热器 27
内进行热量交换, 在物料循环泵 24的压力作用下通过物料回流管 25
返回发酵罐 16, 对发酵罐内物料进行加热, 当达到设定温度后物料循环泵 24 停转, 发酵罐 16
内维持在设定好的发酵温度, 同吋料液在物料循环泵的压力作用下起到了液体 回流搅拌作用。 沼渣沼液通过控制*** 20控制电动阀 21
的开关吋间, 流入水力循环发酵装置进行深度发酵, 在厌氧发酵过程中, 通过 温度传感器 32检测发酵罐 33内物料温度, 当温度低于设定温度吋, 控制*** 20开启物料循环泵 30将物料抽至换热器 27, 当温度升高, 在换热器 27 内进行热量交换, 在物料循环泵 30的压力作用下通过物料回流管 28
返回发酵罐 33
, 在实现了物料加热的同吋也完成了料液的搅拌。 物料发酵完全后, 沼渣、 沼 液通过出料阀 38进行排放。 发酵过程产生的沼气通过沼气出气口 19和 37 直接供给用户使用 (如民用或发电) 。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种桔秆发酵工艺, 包括如下顺序的工艺步骤: (A ) 进料; (B ) 加热保温发酵; (C ) 出料, 其特征在于所述工艺步骤 (A;) 、 ( B
Figure imgf000011_0001
) 是由装置 (m) 将粉碎后的桔秆物料由干式发酵装置 (I) 的底部推入, 经过装置 (I) 发酵后由出料口自然流入装置 (Π) ; 步骤 (B
) 是通过设置于装置 (I) 、 (Π) 上的温度传感器检测发酵罐内温度, 当 其温度低于设计温度吋, 由本装置的控制***自动开启, 循环泵将发酵罐 内的物料抽到换热装置中, 温度升高后物料经循环泵返回发酵罐中, 装置
(Π) 循环此步骤搅拌发酵罐中的物料, 同吋达到设计温度, 装置 (I) 经 搅拌器搅拌与罐内菌类物质充分混合; 步骤 (C
) 是物料在发酵罐内为不断发酵产生沼气, 沼渣和沼液, 从各自的出口排 出。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的桔秆发酵工艺, 其特征在于所述步骤 (B
) 中发酵罐内物料被泵入换热装置中进行加热的过程是外循环加热方式。 3、 根据权利要求 1或 2
所述的桔秆发酵工艺, 其特征在于所述装置 (I) 、 (Π) 中的物料在加热 过程中由循环泵抽送吋, 在发酵罐内形成涡流进行搅拌, 且在装置 (I) 中 形成了与机械搅拌相结合的双重搅拌。
4、 根据权利要求 1
所述的桔秆发酵工艺, 其特征在于所述其特征在于所述沼气自发酵罐排气 口排到用户, 沼液从排液口排出, 沼渣自底部出口排出。
、 一种桔秆发酵工艺装置, 包括 (I) 干式发酵装置、 (Π) 水力循环发酵 装置和 (m) 桔秆推送器, 装置 (I) 包括发酵罐 16、 减速机 17、 搅拌器 18、 换热器 27、 桔秆闸阀 11、 温度传感器 22和控制器 20
, 其特征在于所述发酵罐顶部安装有减速机, 减速机下连接着搅拌器, 发 酵罐外侧面一边安装有顺次连接的保护阀 12、 桔秆闸阀 11 和推料器, 另一边下部安装有顺次连接的电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 26
、 止回阀 24、 换热器 27、 物料回流管 25和温度传感器 22
, 中部安装有出料口, 上部安装有沼气出口 19, 控制器 20安装于发酵罐
16外, 与减速机 17、 电动阀 23、 物料循环泵 26和温度传感器 22 电连接。 装置 (Π) 包括发酵罐 33、 换热装置 27、 进料口 21、 内膜 35
、 外膜 34、 安全阀 36、 出料阀 38、 鼓风机 39、 温度传感器 32、 电动阀
31、 循环泵 29、 止回阀 30和控制*** 20, 所述发酵罐 33
外一侧安装有换热器 27和进料阀 21, 另一侧安装有沼气出口阀 37 和出料阀 38, 罐顶部顺次安装有内膜 34和外膜 35, 该外膜 35 上部安装有安全阀 36, 内膜 35和外膜 34之间构成充气腔, 所述鼓风机
39及管道与该充气腔相连通, 罐下部安装有温度传感器 32
, 所述控制*** 20安装于发酵罐 33外, 与循环泵 29、 电动阀 31
、 温度传感器 32和鼓风机 39电连接。 装置 (m) 包括料斗 7、 支撑架
14、 控制*** 20、 液压***, 所述液压***包括液压缸 3、 液压泵站 1
、 液压管道 2、 活塞 15、 活塞杆 5和进料通道 13, 所述料斗 7 上部呈方筒状、 下部为锥形的漏斗式结构, 其上部安装有料位传感器, 下 部与液压***相连接, 所述液压***和料位传感器与控制***电连接, 主 要与发酵装置或压力容器配套或类似进料要求的工艺中应用。
6、 根据权利要求 5
所述的装置 (I) 其特征在于搅拌器为螺旋式结构, 其上端与减速机相连接 , 下端安装于发酵罐内底面上; 装置 (Π) 其特征在于所述换热器通过连 接管及其上连接的止回阀、 电动阀和循环泵与发酵罐相连通。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6
所述的桔秆工艺装置, 其特征在于所述装置 (I) 的发酵罐为直径小, 高度 大的细高型结构、 装置 (Π) 为直径大、 高度小的扁平形结构。
8、 根据权利要求 5
所述的桔秆发酵工艺装置, 其特征在于所述控制***为 PLC
控制器, 对所有装置上安装的传感器、 变送器信号进行釆取和处理。
PCT/CN2009/072844 2008-07-21 2009-07-21 秸秆发酵工艺及装置 WO2010009668A1 (zh)

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CNA2008101388108A CN101372377A (zh) 2008-07-21 2008-07-21 水力循环发酵工艺及装置
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