WO2010004689A1 - 車両走行環境検出装置 - Google Patents
車両走行環境検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010004689A1 WO2010004689A1 PCT/JP2009/002777 JP2009002777W WO2010004689A1 WO 2010004689 A1 WO2010004689 A1 WO 2010004689A1 JP 2009002777 W JP2009002777 W JP 2009002777W WO 2010004689 A1 WO2010004689 A1 WO 2010004689A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
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- the present invention relates to a vehicle travel environment detection device that detects vehicle travel environment such as point information such as an intersection or a T-junction or a vehicle travel position on a road.
- Autonomous navigation devices used for vehicles and the like can detect the vehicle position by using various sensors such as a vehicle speed sensor, a GPS (Global Positioning System), and a gyro sensor.
- a map matching technique that uses map information and corrects the position of the vehicle with the map information is often used.
- an error from the actual vehicle position may occur, so the vehicle position may deviate from the map information route.
- the influence is large in the case of complicated routes, intersections, and T-junctions. For this reason, in a navigation device mounted on a vehicle, it is necessary to correct the vehicle position in order to perform more accurate guidance and guidance.
- Patent Document 1 While the vehicle is running, the vehicle travels while recognizing the white line at the end of the road with an infrared camera. Map-matching the current position to the nearest intersection.
- Patent Document 1 according to the method of detecting a specific object and correcting the current position, for example, an area where the specific object does not exist, such as no white line, is detected. In this case, the vehicle position cannot be corrected.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and detects a traveling environment around the vehicle during traveling of the vehicle including an intersection without depending on a specific object such as a white line or a road sign.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle travel environment detection device.
- the vehicle travel environment detection device includes an image information acquisition unit that continuously acquires images of a side object photographed by a camera installed in a vehicle at a predetermined sampling interval; A change amount calculation unit that calculates a change amount of the image from at least two images acquired by the image information acquisition unit, and a travel environment around the vehicle based on the change amount of the image calculated by the change amount calculation unit.
- the vehicle travel environment detection device of the present invention it is possible to detect the travel environment around the vehicle during travel of the vehicle, including an intersection, without depending on a specific object such as a white line or a road sign.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure quoted in order to demonstrate the operation
- FIG. 1 It is the figure quoted in order to demonstrate the principle of operation of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the graph display of the change of the moving speed on an image when passing through an intersection, and an actual vehicle speed in time series
- FIG. 1 It is a flowchart which shows operation
- movement principle of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention and is the schematic diagram which showed a mode that the vehicle is drive
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a vehicle travel environment detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the navigation device 1 mounted on the vehicle is used as the vehicle travel environment detection device
- the image processing device 3 is connected to the navigation device 1
- the side installed on the front side surface (fender portion) of the vehicle for example.
- the side camera 2 may be replaced by a monitor or the like already attached to the side surface of the vehicle.
- the navigation device 1 has a control unit 10 as a control center, a GPS receiver 11, a vehicle speed sensor 12, a display unit 13, an operation unit 14, a storage unit 15, and map information storage.
- the unit 16 and the position correction unit 17 are configured.
- the GPS receiver 11 receives a signal from a GPS satellite (not shown) and outputs information (latitude, longitude, time) for determining the current position of the vehicle to the control unit 10. Further, the vehicle speed sensor 12 detects information (vehicle speed pulse) for measuring the vehicle speed and outputs it to the control unit 10.
- the display unit 13 displays information on current position display, destination setting, guidance, and guidance generated and output by the control unit 10 under the control of the control unit 10, and the operation unit 14 is operated by various mounted switches. It takes the input and transmits a user instruction to the control unit 10 and plays a role as a user interface.
- the display unit 13 and the operation unit 14 may be replaced with a display input device such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display Device) touch panel.
- the map information storage unit 16 stores facility information in addition to the map information.
- the storage unit 15 stores various programs for the navigation device 1 to realize navigation functions such as destination guidance and guidance.
- the control unit 10 reads out these programs, and the GPS receiver 11 described above, By exchanging information with the vehicle speed sensor 12, the display unit 13, the operation unit 14, the storage unit 15, the map information storage unit 16, and the position correction unit 17, the functions inherent in the navigation device 1 are realized.
- amendment part 17 detects the present position of the vehicle measured by autonomous navigation apparatuses, such as the GPS receiver 11 and the vehicle speed sensor 12, and point information, such as an intersection detected by the image processing apparatus 3 mentioned later, for example. And has a function of correcting the current position of the vehicle when they are different. Details will be described later.
- the side camera 2 is an imaging device that shoots an unspecified number of side objects along the road while a vehicle is running, such as a building in an urban area, a ranch in a suburb, a mountain river, and the like. ) Is supplied to the image processing apparatus 3.
- the image processing device 3 continuously acquires images of roadside side objects photographed by the side camera 2 installed in the vehicle at a predetermined sampling interval, and calculates a change amount from the acquired at least two images. And having a function of detecting the surrounding environment during travel of the vehicle from the calculated change amount of the image, the image information acquisition unit 31, the change amount calculation unit 32, the environment detection control unit 33, and the environment detection unit 34, Consists of.
- the image information acquisition unit 31 continuously acquires images of roadside side objects photographed by the side camera 2 at a predetermined sampling interval, and delivers them to the change amount calculation unit 32 and the environment detection control unit 33.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 calculates an image change amount from at least two images acquired by the image information acquisition unit 31 under sequence control by the environment detection control unit 33, and the environment detection control unit 33 passes through the environment detection control unit 33. Delivered to the detection unit 34.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 extracts feature points of the image of the side object acquired by the image information acquisition unit 31 under sequence control by the environment detection control unit 33, and continuously based on the extracted feature points. The amount of change between the images is calculated and passed to the environment detection unit 34 via the environment detection control unit 33.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 further calculates a moving speed, which is a change amount per unit time of the feature point in the side object, based on the change amount of the image and the sampling interval of the image, and the environment detection unit 33 via the environment detection control unit 33. Hand over to 34.
- the environment detection unit 34 detects the traveling environment around the vehicle from the change amount of the image calculated by the change amount calculation unit 32 under the sequence control by the environment detection control unit 33, and outputs it to the control unit 10 of the navigation device 1.
- the traveling environment around the vehicle detected by the environment detection unit 34 is “location information (intersection, T-junction, crossing, etc.) spatially opened laterally as viewed from the traveling direction of the vehicle”.
- the environment detection control unit 33 continuously acquires images of the side objects captured by the side camera 2 installed in the vehicle at a predetermined sampling interval. In order to calculate the amount of change of an image from one image and detect the driving environment around the vehicle from the amount of change of the calculated image per unit time, the above-described image information acquisition unit 31, change amount calculation unit 32, environment detection The operation sequence of the unit 34 is controlled.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram quoted for explaining the operation principle of the vehicle travel environment detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a side object on the roadside before the vehicle 20a enters the intersection ( Building group) is shown.
- the side camera 2 is attached to the vehicle 20a.
- the viewing angle of the side camera 2 is indicated by ⁇ , and an area included in the viewing angle ⁇ becomes a shooting area by the side camera 2, and this shooting area changes in the traveling direction of the vehicle with time.
- the vehicle 20b shows a state in which the vehicle 20a enters the intersection after a predetermined time has passed and passes through the intersection.
- the vehicle travel environment detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, when the vehicle 20a travels to the position indicated by the vehicle 20b, the amount of change in the image captured by the side camera 2 or the change per unit time is detected.
- the apparent moving speed of the image which is a quantity, is calculated by image processing to detect points such as intersections, T-junctions, and crossings.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are diagrams for explaining the operating principle of the vehicle travel environment detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and are attached to the vehicle 20a (20b) in FIG. It is an example of the image image
- FIG. 3A shows a photographed image of a roadside lateral object before entering the intersection, and FIG.
- the image near the center of the intersection (FIG. 3B) is more in front of the side camera 2 than the image before entering the intersection (FIG. 3A).
- the field of view is open, and a far side object is taken as an image. Therefore, it is estimated that the moving speed of the image shot with the vehicle 20b is smaller than the moving speed of the image shot with the vehicle 20a.
- the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus detects point information including an intersection by using the change in the moving speed, and further corrects the vehicle position based on the detected point information. It is.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram cited for explaining the operating principle of the vehicle travel environment detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the moving speed of the image when the vehicle 20a passes through the intersection via the vehicle 20b.
- the actual and car speed V R is measured by the vehicle speed sensor 12 of the navigation apparatus 1
- the image processing moving speed V V apparent photographed image is calculated by (change amount calculation unit 32 of the image processing apparatus 3) Are plotted on the time axis.
- the apparent moving speed of the image captured by the side camera 2 at the intersection passing point is smaller than images captured before and after passing the intersection. Is assumed.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. According to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, the flow of processing from when the side camera 2 is activated to when the intersection is detected and the vehicle position is corrected is shown in detail.
- the operation of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- imaging of a side object by the side camera 2 is started in synchronization with the start of the engine (step ST501).
- the image information acquisition unit 31 continuously captures images at a predetermined sampling interval, and the captured amount of images captured here is time-series (n> 1), the change amount calculation unit 32, And it supplies to the environment detection control part 33 (step ST502, ST503 "YES").
- the control unit 10 of the navigation device 1 calculates a threshold value a that is a reference for determining that the vehicle passing point is an intersection based on the vehicle speed information measured by the vehicle speed sensor 12, and sends the threshold value a to the environment detection unit 34. Deliver (step ST504).
- the change amount calculation unit 32 calculates an image change amount from the image n captured by the image information acquisition unit 31 and the image n-1 captured immediately before (step ST505).
- the amount of change in the image is calculated by, for example, extracting a feature point having a sharp luminance change, and calculating an average value, an average square error of the luminance absolute difference value for each pixel constituting the image serving as the feature point, or This is possible by obtaining the correlation value.
- the difference between images can be expressed as a numerical value
- the numerical value may be treated as an image change amount.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 further displays the change amount per unit time of the image from the change amount of the image calculated as described above and the frame interval (sampling time) of the image n ⁇ 1 that is continuous in time series.
- the moving speed of the upper image is calculated and delivered to the environment detection unit 34 via the environment detection control unit 33 (step ST506).
- step ST507 when it is determined that the apparent moving speed of the image calculated by the change amount calculating unit 32 is equal to or higher than the threshold value a (NO in step ST507), the environment detection control unit 33 determines that the passing point is an intersection. If not, the process returns to step ST502, and the captured image capturing process is repeated. Further, when the environment detection control unit 33 determines that the apparent moving speed of the image calculated by the change amount calculation unit 32 is equal to or less than the threshold value a (step ST507 “YES”), the passing point is an intersection. And the result is delivered to the control unit 10 of the navigation device 1.
- the control unit 10 activates the position correction unit 17 based on the point detection result delivered by the image processing device 3 (environment detection unit 34).
- the position correction unit 17 includes the point information detected by the environment detection unit 34, the GPS receiver 11, and the vehicle speed sensor 12.
- the current position of the vehicle detected by is compared.
- the position correction unit 17 determines a correction value by referring to the map information stored in the map information storage unit 16 (step ST508), and the correction determined here.
- the current position of the vehicle is corrected according to the value, and the corrected current position of the vehicle is displayed on the display unit 13 via the control unit 10 (step ST509).
- the threshold value a used for point detection is appropriate to determine the threshold value a used for point detection based on actual measurement data, but the apparent moving speed of the image when passing the intersection is approximately 60% to 70% of the actual vehicle speed. % May be used as the threshold value a.
- the image processing device 3 predetermines a side object image captured by the side camera 2 installed in the vehicle. Is obtained continuously at the sampling interval, and the amount of change in the image is calculated from at least two images acquired here, and the point information around the vehicle is detected from the amount of change in the calculated image. Without depending on a specific object such as a road sign, it is possible to detect point information spatially open to the side as seen from the vehicle traveling direction, including intersections, T-junctions, and crossings. Further, by correcting the current position of the vehicle based on the detected point information, the accuracy of map matching is improved, and highly reliable navigation can be performed.
- the point is detected by comparing the apparent moving speed with the threshold value a. Similar effects can be obtained by using the amount of change of the side object to be photographed. Note that in this case as well, as with the moving speed, it is not necessary to be the actual amount of change of the side object to be photographed, but the amount of change on the image, relative value or amount of change based on a specific position on the image is used as a reference. It may be a relative value.
- Embodiment 2 Although the above-described vehicle travel environment detection device according to the first embodiment has been described with respect to an example in which spot information including an intersection is detected as the environment around the vehicle while the vehicle is traveling, in the second embodiment described below, the vehicle Side cameras 2a and 2b are installed on both side surfaces (for example, the left and right fender portions), respectively, and the left and right images of the vehicle are simultaneously photographed and captured. The change of the change amount of the image of the side object to be captured is simultaneously tracked. Also in this case, as in the first embodiment, the farther the side object photographed by the side cameras 2a and 2b is, the smaller the amount of change of the side object in the image becomes. If this is utilized, the traveling position of the vehicle on the road can be estimated from the difference in the amount of change of the side object in the left and right images of the vehicle.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram when the vehicle 20a is traveling in the center of the road. In this case, the difference in the amount of change in the side object captured and captured by each of the side cameras 2a and 2b. Is estimated to be relatively small.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram when the vehicle 20b is traveling on the left side of the road. In this case, the amount of change in the image of the left side object (the amount of change on the left side) is the right side. It is estimated that it becomes larger than the change amount (right side change amount) of the image of the side object.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram when the vehicle 20a is traveling in the center of the road. In this case, the difference in the amount of change in the side object captured and captured by each of the side cameras 2a and 2b. Is estimated to be relatively small.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram when the vehicle 20b is traveling on the left side of the road. In this case, the amount of change in the image of the left side object (the amount of change on
- 6C is a schematic diagram when the vehicle 20c is traveling on the right side of the road. In this case, it is estimated that the right side change amount is larger than the left side change amount. From this, the estimated vehicle position in the road can be used for own vehicle position display and own vehicle position correction.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the vehicle travel environment detection apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. According to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, the flow of processing from when the side cameras 2a and 2b are activated to when the position of the host vehicle in the road is detected and displayed is shown.
- the configuration of the vehicle travel environment detection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that the side cameras 2a and 2b are installed in the vehicle. This will be described with reference to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the photographing of the side object by the side cameras 2a and 2b is started simultaneously (step ST701).
- the image information acquisition unit 31 captures consecutive images at a predetermined sampling interval at the same timing, and the captured image n of the right-side object and image m of the left-side object are respectively time-series.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 and the environment detection control unit 33 are supplied (steps ST702 and ST703).
- the change amount calculation unit 32 calculates the change amount of the right side image from the image n acquired by the image information acquisition unit 31 and the image n ⁇ 1 acquired immediately before, and the image information acquisition unit 31 acquires the change amount.
- the change amount of the left side image is calculated from the image m and the image m ⁇ 1 acquired immediately before (step ST704).
- the image change amount can be calculated if the difference between the images can be expressed numerically by the average value of the absolute luminance difference value, the mean square error, or the correlation value. Can be calculated by treating as a variation.
- the change amount calculation unit 32 calculates the change amount of these images calculated as described above and the frame interval (sampling time) between the images n (m) and n ⁇ 1 (m ⁇ 1) continuous in time series.
- Each of the right side moving speed N and the left side moving speed M is calculated and delivered to the environment detecting unit 34 via the environment detecting control unit 33 (step ST705).
- the environment detection unit 34 calculates the map information via the control unit 10 of the navigation device 1 when calculating the distance Xn from the position where the straight line orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle intersects the road and the right side position of the vehicle.
- storage part 16 the information X regarding the road width currently drive
- the environment detecting unit 34 calculates the ratio of the right side moving speed N and the left side moving speed M calculated by the change amount calculating unit 32, the reciprocal number of the right side distance Xn, and the reciprocal number of the left side distance X-Xn.
- the distance Xn from the position where the straight line orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle intersects the road and the right side position of the vehicle is calculated and passed to the control unit 10 of the navigation device 1 (step) ST706).
- the control unit 10 activates the position correction unit 17 based on the information (Xn) delivered by the image processing device 3 (environment detection unit 34).
- the position correction unit 17 includes center travel, left travel, and right travel with respect to the display unit 13 via the control unit 10 based on the travel position (distance Xn) of the vehicle on the road detected by the environment detection unit 34. Then, the vehicle position mapped in the running road is displayed in detail (step ST707).
- the image processing device 3 is used to detect the left and right side objects photographed by the side cameras 2a and 2b installed in the vehicle.
- the image is acquired continuously at a predetermined sampling interval at the same time, and the change amount of the right side image and the left side image is calculated from the acquired image and the image taken immediately before, and the calculated change amount of these images
- the right and left side moving speeds are calculated from the sampling intervals of the time-series images and the sideways of the vehicle from the position where the straight line perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle intersects the road.
- the vehicle travel environment detection device is configured by adding the image processing device 3 to the existing navigation device 1 in the vehicle.
- the above-described image processing device 3 may be incorporated in the navigation device 1 to constitute a vehicle travel environment detection device. In this case, although the load on the control unit 10 increases, a compact mounting becomes possible and the reliability can be improved.
- the image information acquisition unit 31 continuously acquires the images of the side objects photographed by the side camera 2 installed in the vehicle at a predetermined sampling interval
- the change amount calculation unit 32 is the image information acquisition unit.
- the amount of change of the image is calculated from at least two images acquired by 31, or the environment detection unit 34 detects the driving environment around the vehicle from the amount of change of the image calculated by the change amount calculation unit 32, respectively.
- This data processing may be realized on a computer by one or a plurality of programs, and at least a part thereof may be realized by hardware.
- the vehicle environment detection device detects a traveling environment around the vehicle during traveling of the vehicle including an intersection without depending on a specific target object such as a white line or a road sign.
- An image information acquisition unit that continuously acquires images of side objects at predetermined sampling intervals, a change amount calculation unit that calculates a change amount of the image from at least two images, and the vehicle based on the change amount of the image Since it is configured to include an environment detection unit that detects a surrounding travel environment, the vehicle travel environment detection device or the like that detects vehicle travel environment such as point information such as an intersection or a T-junction or a vehicle travel position on a road Suitable for use.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、特許文献1に開示されているように、ある特定の対象物を検出して現在位置を補正する方法によれば、例えば、白線が無い等、特定の対象物が存在しないエリアについては検出が不可能であり、この場合、自車位置を補正することができない。
実施の形態1.
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る車両走行環境検出装置の内部構成を示すブロック図である。
ここでは、車両走行環境検出装置として、車両に搭載されたナビゲーション装置1を利用し、このナビゲーション装置1に画像処理装置3を接続し、例えば、車両の前方側面(フェンダー部分)に設置された側方カメラ2により撮影される沿道側方物体の画像を処理することで、特定の対象物に依存することなく車両走行中における周囲環境を検出する仕組みを提供している。なお、側方カメラ2は、既に車両の側面に取り付けられている監視モニタ等により代替してもよい。
表示部13は、制御部10による制御の下、制御部10により生成出力される現在地表示、目的地設定、誘導、案内に関する情報を表示し、操作部14は、実装された各種スイッチ類による操作入力を取込んで制御部10にユーザ指示を伝達するとともにユーザインタフェースとしての役割を担う。表示部13と操作部14は、LCD(Liquid Crystal Display Device)タッチパネル等の表示入力装置で代替してもよい。なお、地図情報記憶部16には、地図情報の他に、施設情報等が格納されている。
なお、位置補正部17は、GPS受信機11や車速センサ12等の自律航法装置により測位された車両の現在位置と、後述する画像処理装置3により検出される、例えば、交差点等の地点情報とを比較し、異なっていた場合に車両の現在位置を補正する機能を有する。詳細は後述する。
画像処理装置3は、車両に設置された側方カメラ2により撮影される沿道の側方物体の画像を所定のサンプリング間隔で連続して取得し、取得される少なくとも2つの画像から変化量を算出し、算出された画像の変化量から車両走行中における周囲環境を検出する機能を有し、画像情報取得部31と、変化量算出部32と、環境検出制御部33と、環境検出部34とにより構成される。
変化量算出部32は、環境検出制御部33によるシーケンス制御の下で、画像情報取得部31により取得される側方物体の画像の特徴点を抽出し、ここで抽出された特徴点に基づき連続した画像間での変化量を算出し、環境検出制御部33経由で環境検出部34に引き渡す。変化量算出部32は更に、画像の変化量と画像のサンプリング間隔とにより側方物体における特徴点の単位時間あたりの変化量である移動速度を算出し、環境検出制御部33経由で環境検出部34に引き渡す。
なお、環境検出制御部33は、画像処理装置3が、車両に設置された側方カメラ2により撮影される側方物体の画像を所定のサンプリング間隔で連続して取得し、取得される少なくとも2つの画像から画像の変化量を算出し、算出された画像の単位時間あたりの変化量から車両周辺の走行環境を検出するために、上記した画像情報取得部31、変化量算出部32、環境検出部34の動作シーケンスを制御する。
この発明の実施の形態1に係る車両走行環境検出装置は、車両20aが走行により車両20bで示す位置に移動した際、側方カメラ2で撮影された画像の変化量、もしくは単位時間あたりの変化量である画像の見かけ上の移動速度を画像処理により算出し、交差点、T字路、踏み切り等の地点検出を行なうものである。
図3(a)は、交差点進入前、図3(b)は交差点進入時における沿道側方物体の撮影画像を示す。
この発明の実施の形態1に係る車両走行環境検出装置は、この移動速度の変化を利用することによって交差点を含む地点情報を検出し、更に、検出した地点情報に基づき自車位置を補正するものである。
ここでは、ナビゲーション装置1の車速センサ12により計測される実際の車速度VRと、画像処理(画像処理装置3の変化量算出部32)により算出される撮影画像の見かけ上の移動速度VVとを時間軸上にプロットして示してある。図4に示されるように、交差点通過地点(交差点通過時間帯領域x)における側方カメラ2による撮影画像の見かけ上の移動速度は、交差点通過前後に撮影される画像と比較して小さくなることが想定される。
以下、図5に示すフローチャートを参照しながら、図1に示すこの発明の実施の形態1に係る車両走行環境検出装置の動作について詳細に説明する。
この時点で、ナビゲーション装置1の制御部10は、車速センサ12により計測される車速度情報に基づき、車両通過地点が交差点であると判断する基準となる閾値aを算出し、環境検出部34へ引き渡す(ステップST504)。
変化量算出部32は、更に、上記により算出された画像の変化量と、時系列に連続した画像n-1のフレーム間隔(サンプリング時間)とから、画像の単位時間あたりの変化量である見かけ上の画像の移動速度を算出し、環境検出制御部33を経由して環境検出部34へ引き渡す(ステップST506)。
環境検出部34により車両が交差点を通過中であると判断された場合、位置補正部17は、環境検出部34により検出された地点情報と、GPS受信機11、車速センサ12を含む自律航法装置により検出された車両の現在位置とを比較する。ここで、異なっていると判定された場合、位置補正部17は、地図情報記憶部16に記憶された地図情報を参照することにより補正値を決定し(ステップST508)、ここで決定された補正値にしたがい車両の現在位置を補正し、制御部10を経由して表示部13に補正された車両の現在位置を表示する(ステップST509)。
上記した実施の形態1に係る車両走行環境検出装置は、車両走行中における車両周辺の環境として、交差点を含む地点情報を検出する例について説明したが、以下に説明する実施の形態2では、車両の両側面(例えば、左右のフェンダー部分)に、側方カメラ2a、2bをそれぞれ設置し、車両の左右の画像を同時に撮影し、取込むことで、側方カメラ2a、2bそれぞれにより撮影され、取込まれる側方物体の画像の変化量の変化を同時に追跡するものである。
この場合も実施の形態1同様、側方カメラ2a、2bで撮影された側方物体が遠方にあればあるほど、画像におけるその側方物体の変化量は小さくなる。このことを利用すれば、車両の左右の画像における側方物体の変化量の差から道路内における車両の走行位置を推定することができる。
図6(a)は、車両20aが道路の中央を走行している場合の模式図であり、この場合、側方カメラ2a、2bのそれぞれにより撮影され取込まれる側方物体の変化量の差は比較的小さくなることが推定される。また、図6(b)は、車両20bが道路左側を走行している場合の模式図であり、この場合、左の側方物体の画像の変化量(左側方変化量)は、右の側方物体の画像の変化量(右側方変化量)と比較して大きくなることが推定される。図6(c)は、車両20cが道路右側を走行している場合の模式図であり、この場合、右側方変化量は、左側方変化量と比較して大きくなることが推定される。このことから、推定された道路内における車両位置を、自車位置表示、および自車位置補正に利用することができる。
なお、この発明の実施の形態2に係る車両走行環境検出装置としての構成は、側方カメラ2a、2bを車両に設置する以外、図1に示す実施の形態1と同様であるため、図1に示す構成を参照しながら説明する。
画像処理装置3は、画像情報取得部31が、所定のサンプリング間隔で連続した画像を同じタイミングで取り込み、ここで取込んだ右側方物体の画像n、および左側方物体の画像mをそれぞれ時系列(n>1、かつ、m>1)で、変化量算出部32、および環境検出制御部33へ供給する(ステップST702、ST703)。
画像の変化量の算出は、実施の形態1における画像の変化量同様、輝度絶対差分値の平均値、平均2乗誤差、あるいは相関値等により、画像間の差分を数値で表現できれば、その数値を変化量として扱うことにより算出が可能である。
変化量算出部32は、更に、上記により算出されたこれら画像の変化量と、時系列に連続した画像n(m)とn-1(m-1)のフレーム間隔(サンプリング時間)とから、右側方移動速度Nと左側方移動速度Mのそれぞれを算出し、環境検出制御部33を経由して環境検出部34へ引き渡す(ステップST705)。
続いて、環境検出部34は、変化量算出部32により算出された右側方移動速度Nと左側方移動速度Mの比と、車両の右側方距離Xnの逆数と左側方距離X-Xnの逆数の比は等しいと仮定したときの、車両の進行方向に直交する直線と沿道とが交差する位置から車両の右側方位置までの距離Xnを算出し、ナビゲーション装置1の制御部10に引き渡す(ステップST706)。
位置補正部17は、環境検出部34により検出された車両の道路上における走行位置(距離Xn)に基づき、制御部10を介して表示部13に対し、中央走行、左側走行、右側走行を含む、走行中の道路内にマッピングされた自車位置を詳細に表示する(ステップST707)。
例えば、画像情報取得部31が、車両に設置された側方カメラ2により撮影される側方物体の画像を所定のサンプリング間隔で連続して取得し、変化量算出部32が、画像情報取得部31により取得される少なくとも2つの画像から画像の変化量を算出し、あるいは、環境検出部34が、変化量算出部32により算出された画像の変化量から車両周辺の走行環境を検出する、それぞれのデータ処理は、1または複数のプログラムによりコンピュータ上で実現してもよく、また、その少なくとも一部をハードウェアで実現してもよい。
Claims (9)
- 車両に設置されたカメラにより撮影される側方物体の画像を所定のサンプリング間隔で連続して取得する画像情報取得部と、
前記画像情報取得部により取得される少なくとも2つの画像から前記画像の変化量を算出する変化量算出部と、
前記変化量算出部により算出された前記画像の変化量から前記車両周辺の走行環境を検出する環境検出部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記変化量算出部は、
前記画像情報取得部により取得された前記側方物体の画像の特徴点を抽出し、前記抽出された特徴点に基づき連続して取得される画像間での変化量を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記変化量算出部は、
前記算出された画像の変化量と前記画像のサンプリング間隔とにより前記側方物体の単位時間あたりの変化量を画像の移動速度として算出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記環境検出部は、
前記車両の進行方向からみて側方に空間的に開けた地点情報を検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記環境検出部は、
前記変化量算出部により算出される前記特徴点の変化量もしくは移動速度と、前記変化量もしくは移動速度に対して設定される閾値とを比較して前記地点情報を検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記環境検出部により検出された地点情報と、自律航法装置により検出された前記車両の現在位置とを比較し、異なっていた場合に前記車両の現在位置を補正する位置補正部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項5記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記環境検出部は、
前記車両の進行方向に直交する直線と沿道とが交差する位置から前記車両の側方位置までの距離を算出し、前記車両の道路上における走行位置を検出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記画像情報取得部は、
前記車両に設置されたカメラにより側方物体の画像を左右同時に連続して取得し、
前記変化量算出部は、
前記画像情報取得部により取得される側方物体の画像の特徴点を抽出し、前記抽出された特徴点に基づき連続した画像間での変化量を算出するとともに、前記算出された変化量と、前記取得した連続した画像のサンプリング間隔とにより前記特徴点の右側方移動速度Nと左側方移動速度Mとを算出し、
前記環境検出部は、
前記車両の進行方向に直交する直線と沿道とが交差する位置から前記車両の右側方位置までの距離Xnを算出するにあたり、
地図情報を参照して現在走行中の道路幅に関する情報Xを取得し、前記変化量算出部により算出された右側方移動速度Nと左側方移動速度Mの比と、前記車両の右側方距離Xnの逆数と左側方距離X-Xnの逆数の比に等しいと仮定して前記Xnを算出することを特徴とする請求項7記載の車両走行環境検出装置。 - 前記環境検出部により検出された前記車両の道路上における走行位置に基づき前記車両の自車位置を表示装置に出力する位置補正部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項7記載の車両走行環境検出装置。
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